whereas_o there_o be_v no_o more_o in_o it_o than_o the_o plain_a acquisition_n or_o get_v of_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n after_o his_o pretence_n from_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v make_v know_v as_o in_o the_o follow_a tract_n appear_v by_o the_o constraint_n and_o force_n that_o harald_n put_v he_o unto_o to_o get_v his_o settlement_n by_o battle_n with_o he_o which_o word_n of_o conquest_n be_v to_o this_o day_n familiar_o use_v in_o scotland_n to_o signify_v land_n purchase_v and_o mr._n john_n skene_n say_v upon_o the_o word_n that_o conquestus_fw-la signify_v land_n quhilk_n any_o person_n acquiris_fw-la &_o possessis_fw-la privato_fw-la jure_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la titulo_fw-la velâ—ti_fw-la donatione_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la aliquo_fw-la contractu_fw-la quhilk_n be_v conform_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n ubi_fw-la quae_fw-la stus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la lucrum_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la emptione_n venditione_n locatione_fw-la conductione_n vel_fw-la generaliter_fw-la ex_fw-la opera_fw-la cu_z jus_o descendit_fw-la l._n coiri_fw-la 7._o cum_fw-la seq_fw-la ff_n pro_fw-la socio_fw-la and_o further_o write_v of_o land_n so_o purchase_v conclude_v conquestus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la ratione_fw-la primi_fw-la conquestoris_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la transmittitur_fw-la ad_fw-la ejus_fw-la haeredem_fw-la exuit_fw-la naturam_fw-la conquestus_fw-la &_o induit_fw-la naturam_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la norman_a conquest_n concern_v which_o also_o we_o have_v so_o great_a a_o plenty_n of_o writer_n that_o they_o almost_o extinguish_v the_o truth_n with_o their_o comment_n and_o conceit_n all_o the_o alteration_n imaginable_a be_v father_v upon_o this_o revolution_n and_o sum_v up_o by_o mr._n samuel_n daniel_n in_o these_o word_n i_o come_v to_o write_v of_o a_o time_n mean_v this_o norman_a affair_n wherein_o the_o state_n of_o england_n receive_v a_o alteration_n of_o law_n custom_n fashion_n manner_n of_o live_v language_n write_v with_o new_a form_n of_o fight_v fortification_n building_n and_o general_o a_o innovation_n in_o most_o thing_n but_o religion_n i_o make_v choice_n of_o this_o paragraph_n of_o so_o elegant_a a_o author_n as_o mr._n daniel_n who_o have_v deserve_v very_o well_o from_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o learning_n for_o his_o ingenuous_a observation_n to_o examine_v the_o particular_n of_o this_o great_a mutation_n so_o general_o imagine_v which_o enumeration_n will_v also_o afford_v we_o the_o method_n of_o our_o discourse_n concern_v that_o which_o happen_v to_o the_o english_a at_o that_o time_n and_o first_o of_o all_o concern_v the_o alteration_n of_o our_o law_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a matter_n of_o our_o enquiry_n of_o which_o among_o many_o mr._n camden_n himself_o have_v thus_o write_v victor_n gulielmus_fw-la in_o victoriae_fw-la quasi_fw-la trophaeum_fw-la antiquatis_fw-la pro_fw-la maximâ_fw-la parte_fw-la anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la normanniae_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la induxit_fw-la causasque_fw-la gallicè_fw-la disceptari_fw-la jussit_fw-la yet_o present_o add_v propositis_fw-la igitur_fw-la legibus_fw-la anglicanis_fw-la merchenlage_n danelage_n &_o westsaxenlage_n quasdam_fw-la reprobavit_fw-la quasdam_fw-la autem_fw-la approbans_fw-la transmarinas_fw-la neustriae_fw-la leges_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la regni_fw-la pacem_fw-la tuendam_fw-la efficacissimae_fw-la videbantur_fw-la adjecit_fw-la but_o to_o evince_v this_o let_v we_o have_v recourse_n as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v to_o the_o author_n that_o be_v of_o that_o age_n and_o serious_o weigh_v what_o they_o deliver_v unto_o we_o concern_v this_o matter_n mr._n selden_n our_o of_o the_o litchfield_n chronicle_n cite_v also_o by_o my_o very_o much_o honour_a friend_n and_o incourager_n sir_n roger_n twysden_n introduce_v these_o word_n anno_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la quarto_fw-la apud_fw-la londonias_fw-la consilio_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la fecit_fw-la summoniri_fw-la per_fw-la universos_fw-la angliae_fw-la comitatus_fw-la omnes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la sapientes_fw-la &_o sva_fw-la lege_fw-la eruditos_fw-la ut_fw-la eorum_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la audiret_fw-la et_fw-la licet_fw-la idem_fw-la rex_fw-la willielmus_fw-la leges_fw-la northfolktae_fw-la &_o suffolkiae_fw-la grantbrigiae_fw-la &_o deirae_n ubi_fw-la quondam_a maxima_fw-la pars_fw-la danorum_fw-la &_o norwegiensium_fw-la inhabitabant_fw-la prius_fw-la magis_fw-la approbaverat_fw-la &_o eas_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la observari_fw-la praeceperat_fw-la pro_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ejâ—s_fw-la &_o fere_n omnes_fw-la barones_n normanniae_fw-la norwegenses_n extitissent_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la de_fw-la norwegia_fw-la olim_fw-la venissent_fw-la sed_fw-la postea_fw-la ad_fw-la preces_fw-la communitatis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la rex_fw-la adquievit_fw-la qui_fw-la deprecati_fw-la sunt_fw-la quatenus_fw-la permitteret_fw-la sibi_fw-la leges_fw-la proprias_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la antiquas_fw-la habere_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la vixerant_fw-la patres_fw-la eorum_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la in_o eye_n nati_fw-la &_o nutriti_fw-la sunt_fw-la scilicet_fw-la leges_fw-la sancti_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la illo_fw-la die_fw-la magna_fw-la authoritate_fw-la veneratae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la universum_fw-la regnum_fw-la corroboratae_fw-la &_o conservatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la praecaeteris_fw-la regni_fw-la legibus_fw-la leges_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la unde_fw-la per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la willielmi_n electi_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la duodecim_fw-la viri_fw-la sapientiores_fw-la quibus_fw-la jurejurando_fw-la injunctum_fw-la fuit_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la willielmo_n ut_fw-la quoad_fw-la possent_fw-la recto_fw-la tramite_fw-la neque_fw-la ad_fw-la dexteram_fw-la neque_fw-la ad_fw-la sinistram_fw-la declinantes_fw-la legum_fw-la suarum_fw-la &_o consuetu_fw-la inum_fw-la sancita_fw-la patefacerent_fw-la nil_fw-la praetermittentes_fw-la nil_fw-la addentes_fw-la nil_fw-la praevaricando_fw-la mutantes_fw-la alderedus_fw-la autem_fw-la eboracensis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la &_o hugo_n londoniensis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la scripserunt_fw-la propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la omne_fw-la quae_fw-la praedicti_fw-la jurati_fw-la dixerunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n ingulphus_n crolandensis_n also_o who_o be_v chaplain_n to_o this_o king_n william_n and_o be_v himself_o somewhat_o concern_v in_o this_o affair_n and_o so_o the_o more_o to_o be_v believe_v as_o a_o agent_n write_v a_o little_a more_o plain_o than_o the_o last_o do_v thus_o attuli_fw-la say_v he_o eadem_fw-la vice_fw-la mecum_fw-la lundoniis_fw-la in_o meum_fw-la monasterium_fw-la leges_fw-la aequissimi_fw-la regis_fw-la ewardi_fw-la quas_fw-la dominus_fw-la meus_fw-la inclytus_fw-la rex_fw-la willielmus_fw-la autenticas_fw-la esse_fw-la &_o perpetuas_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la inviolabilitérque_fw-la tenendas_fw-la sub_fw-la poenis_fw-la gravissimis_fw-la proclamarat_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la commendârat_fw-la eodem_fw-la idiomate_fw-la quo_fw-la editae_fw-la sunt_fw-la ne_fw-la per_fw-la ignorantiam_fw-la contingat_fw-la nos_fw-la vel_fw-la nostros_fw-la aliquando_fw-la in_fw-la nostrum_fw-la grave_n periculum_fw-la contraire_fw-fr &_o offendere_fw-la ausu_fw-la temerario_fw-la regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la ac_fw-la in_o ejus_fw-la censuras_fw-la rigidissimas_fw-la improvidum_fw-la pedem_fw-la far_o contentas_fw-la saepius_fw-la in_o eisdem_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la and_o the_o title_n of_o those_o law_n be_v this_o ces_n sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr leis_fw-la &_o les_fw-fr custumes_n que_fw-fr li_n reis_n william_n grantut_o à _fw-fr tut_o le_fw-fr peuple_fw-fr de_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr apres_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr iceles_n meisme_n que_fw-fr le_fw-fr reis_n edward_n sun_n cousin_n tint_v devant_fw-fr lui_fw-fr which_o be_v in_o english_a these_o be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o king_n william_n grant_v to_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o land_n and_o be_v the_o same_o which_o king_n edward_n his_o cousin_n do_v hold_v before_o he_o and_o the_o like_a account_n give_v by_o the_o litchfield_n chronicle_n be_v find_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n which_o though_o from_o he_o receive_v the_o denomination_n yet_o probable_o be_v transcript_n of_o a_o date_n since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n for_o that_o in_o they_o be_v find_v a_o express_a of_o the_o norman_a settlement_n of_o they_o in_o which_o be_v also_o a_o account_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o rate_n of_o mulcâ—s_n betwixt_o the_o saxon_n and_o dane_n or_o norwegian_n and_o because_o of_o the_o â—â—ar_a relation_n the_o norman_n have_v to_o the_o dane_n it_o be_v say_v that_o king_n william_n make_v choice_n of_o those_o law_n and_o will_v have_v have_v they_o put_v in_o execution_n as_o the_o law_n of_o england_n quip_n cum_fw-la aliarum_fw-la legibus_fw-la nationum_fw-la brytonum_fw-la scilicet_fw-la anglorum_fw-la pictorum_fw-la &_o scotorum_fw-la praeponderassent_fw-la he_o praise_v and_o like_v of_o this_o danelaege_a best_o only_o this_o observe_v if_o it_o be_v worth_a take_v notice_n of_o that_o not_o only_o the_o british_a law_n come_v into_o the_o account_n but_o also_o they_o be_v set_v in_o the_o first_o place_n but_o king_n william_n desigment_n have_v this_o effect_n and_o issue_n for_o take_v that_o resolution_n it_o be_v say_v quo_fw-la audito_fw-la mox_fw-la universi_fw-la compatriotae_fw-la regni_fw-la qui_fw-la leges_fw-la edixerant_fw-la tristes_fw-la effecti_fw-la unanimiter_fw-la deprecati_fw-la sunt_fw-la quatenus_fw-la permitteret_fw-la sibi_fw-la leges_fw-la proprias_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la antiquas_fw-la habere_fw-la in_o quibus_fw-la vix_fw-la runt_n patres_fw-la eorum_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la in_o eye_n nati_fw-la &_o nutriti_fw-la sunt_fw-la
britain_n fol._n 14_o repulse_v by_o the_o britain_n ibid._n he_o conquer_a not_o britain_n ibid._n calumniare_fw-la in_o law_n what_o fol._n 65_o camolodunum_n fol._n 34_o cambria_n camber_n cwmrt_n cwmraeg_n fol._n 86_o cantref_n what_o fol._n 96_o canutus_n his_o law_n of_o partition_n fol._n 141_o 142_o 143_o caractacus_n prince_n of_o the_o silures_n fol._n 34_o he_o assert_v the_o british_a liberty_n ibid._n his_o protestation_n before_o battle_n ibid._n castle_n on_o border_n of_o scotland_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 79_o cattle_n of_o more_o value_v than_o land_n fol._n 28_o cattle_n dischage_v fine_n &_o amerciament_n fol._n 29_o cerdiford_n in_o hampshire_n out_o of_o domesdey_n fol._n 65_o cennedl_n what_o fol._n 132_o character_n of_o saxon_a fol._n 76_o charter_n of_o saxon_a sign_v by_o the_o norman_a king_n fol._n 76_o change_n from_o villeinage_n to_o gavelkind_n fol._n 157_o 158_o chief_a justice_n fol._n 69_o chief_n in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 110_o chedder_n in_o somersetshire_n fol._n 117_o child_n no_o kindred_n to_o the_o parent_n fol._n 131_o churl_n what_o fol._n 168_o city_n their_o original_a fol._n 7_o claudius_n his_o temple_n fol._n 34_o claim_v and_o recovery_n of_o land_n against_o norman_n fol._n 65_o clergyman_n gentleman_n by_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 173_o clown_n or_o colonus_n what_o fol._n 168_o 177_o cohabitancia_n what_o fol._n 7_o conan_n tindaethwy_n fol._n 26_o conquest_n and_o conqueror_n what_o fol._n 56_o coverfeu_n fol._n 74_o constantine_n the_o great_a fol._n 87_o common_a law_n fol._n 69_o 145_o county_n not_o ancient_o in_o wales_n fol._n 94_o competition_n betwixt_o kent_n and_o urchenfield_n fol._n 106_o cornish_a understand_v base_a british_a and_o welsh_a fol._n 146_o cottager_n and_o cottage_n what_o fol._n 169_o cuntune_v in_o hampshire_n fol._n 66_o custom_n that_o be_v ancient_a fol._n 70_o 150_o custom_n of_o the_o welsh_a fol._n 71_o 132_o cwmmwd_n what_o fol._n 96_o custom_n and_o common_a right_a fol._n 152_o d._n d._n davies_n his_o welsh_a dictionary_n fol._n 98_o danelaege_n what_o fol._n 54_o 57_o 58_o danish_a impression_n on_o our_o law_n fol._n 54_o 55_o daniel_n samuel_n examine_v fol._n 57_o deed_n for_o gavelkind_a fol._n 124_o 125_o 126_o deed_n explain_v produce_v by_o mr._n s._n ibid._n discourse_n polemical_a much_o irregular_a fol._n 3_o division_n intestine_a facilitate_v conquest_n fol._n 16_o division_n of_o wales_n fol._n 96_o domboc_n what_o fol._n 53_o 54_o domesman_n what_o fol._n 110_o 111_o donald_n the_o 5_o lose_a scotland_n to_o the_o saxon_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 163_o 164_o ðâ—pihinge_n what_o fol._n 70_o druid_n fol._n 16_o the_o british_a judge_n fol._n 17_o their_o learning_n ibid._n their_o judicial_a employment_n ibid._n their_o determination_n of_o right_a ibid._n cause_v execution_n of_o penal_a law_n ibid._n britain_n their_o gymnasium_n fol._n 17_o they_o cease_v fol._n 19_o dubritius_fw-la prince_n and_o bishop_n fol._n 90_o dûn_n what_o it_o signify_v fol._n 116_o dun_n a_o paix_fw-fr in_o scotland_n fol._n 165_o 166_o dutch_a landscheuten_n what_o fol._n 136_o 137_o e._n edgar_z king_n his_o law_n what_o fol._n 54_o 55_o confirm_v by_o the_o conqueror_n fol._n 58_o edgar_n etheling_n fol._n 60_o edlin_n expound_v fol._n 49_o edward_n king_n his_o law_n fol._n 55_o confirm_v by_o the_o conqueror_n fol._n 58_o 59_o edward_n king_n his_o law_n concern_v the_o welsh_a fol._n 51_o 52_o edwin_n and_o morchar_n earl_n fol._n 6â—_n edric_n silvaticus_n or_o savage_a fol._n 7â—_n elder_a son_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 49_o english_a recover_v land_n against_o the_o norman_n fol._n 65_o 66_o english_a normanize_v fol._n 76_o england_n fol._n 87_o english_a settle_v in_o scotland_n fol._n 162_o engine_n or_o urchinfield_n their_o king_n fol._n 44_o 45_o error_n once_o receive_v and_o take_v for_o grant_v fol._n 2_o erdisley_n in_o herefordshire_n fol._n 79_o escuage_z ancient_o fol._n 171_o ethelbert_n king_n his_o translation_n of_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 53_o ethelred_n king_n his_o law_n of_o trial_n fol._n 64_o eubages_fw-la british_a philosopher_n fol._n 20_o exchequer_n when_o erect_v fol._n 74_o f._n fashion_n saxon_a and_o norman_a fol._n 74_o 75_o fealty_n or_o allegiance_n very_o ancient_a fol._n 55_o fee_n feudum_fw-la or_o feodum_fw-la what_o fol._n 170_o 171._o fee-tayl_n its_o original_a fol._n 170_o feminine_a conduct_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 33_o feofamentum_fw-la vetus_fw-la &_o novum_fw-la fol._n 140_o fight_a form_n change_v by_o the_o english_a fol._n 77_o for-gavel_a fol._n 118_o fortification_n of_o roman_n saxon_n and_o norman_n fol._n 77_o 78_o 79_o forfeiture_n of_o land_n upon_o what_o ground_n to_o king_n william_n fol._n 67_o 68_o fortalices_fw-la fol._n 79_o fortify_v house_n ancient_a ib._n foster-children_n in_o wales_n divide_v with_o foster-brethren_n fol._n 28_o freeman_n or_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la what_o fol._n 108_o french_a do_v use_v partition_n fol._n 11_o french_a tenure_n of_o partition_n fol._n 12_o french_a how_o use_v in_o our_o law_n fol._n 69_o g._n gable_n gablum_fw-la gabulum_fw-la what_o fol._n 113_o 114_o 115_o gabelle_n among_o the_o french_a fol._n 114_o gablum_fw-la signify_v rend_v fol._n 116_o 117_o 158_o 159_o gablatores_fw-la fol._n 117_o gabella_n fol._n 123_o galfridus_n monumethensis_fw-la defend_v against_o polydore_n virgil_n fol._n 83_o gallic_a custom_n fol._n 11_o gallic_a colony_n fol._n 12_o gavel_n as_o mr._n s._n expound_v it_o what_o fol._n 112_o gavel-gyldam_a fol._n 119_o gavel-man_n fol._n 120_o gavelate_v a_o writ_n fol._n 121_o 122_o 123_o gavel_n in_o denomination_n fol._n 89_o 90_o in_o the_o british_a dictionary_n fol._n 92_o what_o it_o signify_v fol._n 92_o 93_o not_o impose_v by_o the_o norman_n fol._n 95_o use_v in_o welsh_a subdivision_n of_o land_n fol._n 96_o several_a sort_n of_o gavel_n fol._n 102_o 103_o welsh_a law_n for_o gavelkynd_n fol._n 103_o 104_o 105_o 106_o gavelkynd_n a_o mark_n of_o the_o ancient_n briton_n fol._n 152_o 153_o the_o hinge_n of_o the_o british_a law_n fol._n 155_o 156_o gavelkind_n in_o scotland_n fol._n 159_o gavelkind_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n fol._n 4_o in_o all_o first_o plantation_n fol._n 5_o antiquity_n of_o it_o fol._n 18_o 137_o among_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n fol._n 24_o the_o signification_n of_o it_o fol._n 26_o the_o evil_a and_o mischief_n of_o it_o fol._n 27_o 81._o the_o best_a use_n of_o it_o fol._n 27_o that_o it_o be_v extra_fw-la cantium_n fol._n 89_o 151_o gavelkind_n in_o the_o term_n owe_v itself_o to_o partition_n fol._n 149_o gavelkind_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o wales_n fol._n 98_o practise_v in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 100_o hold_v rend_v free_a fol._n 123_o 124_o gavel-kind_n land_n in_o the_o king_n fol._n 128_o grant_v to_o hospital_n how_o fol._n 124_o 128_o 129_o grant_v to_o religious_a society_n fol._n 129_o not_o to_o be_v forfeit_v for_o felony_n fol._n 106_o 107_o garrison_n of_o norman_n in_o hereford_n before_o william_n the_o first_o fol._n 78_o gentleman_n by_o the_o british_a law_n fol._n 172_o 173_o german_a custom_n ancient_o fol._n 7_o german_a partition_n in_o principality_n fol._n 9_o 137_o german_a partition_n in_o private_a estate_n fol._n 9_o german_a partition_n evict_v by_o a_o jest_n fol._n 9_o 10_o german_a landscheutan_n what_o fol._n 136_o 137_o give-all-kynne_n fol._n 130_o 131_o gildas_n camberius_n translate_v molmutius_n law_n into_o latin_a fol._n 154_o glamorganshire_n conquer_a fol._n 94_o gothick_n work_v use_v by_o the_o saxon_n fol._n 80_o guorongus_n viceroy_n of_o kent_n fol._n 41_o gueily-gord_a what_o fol._n 105_o gymnasium_n of_o the_o druid_n be_v in_o britain_n fol._n 17_o h._n hacana_n and_o westanheconi_n what_o fol._n 44_o 45_o hecanae_n wulfhardus_fw-la episcopus_fw-la fol._n 44_o hengist_n and_o horsus_n fol._n 37_o hengists_n reception_n of_o kent_n examine_v fol._n 37_o etc._n etc._n how_o hengist_n have_v kent_n fol._n 45_o he_o alter_v not_o the_o kentish_a law_n fol._n 49_o heutland_n fol._n 90_o henry_n the_o first_o command_v the_o observation_n of_o king_n edward_n law_n fol._n 61_o his_o law_n of_o partition_n fol._n 144_o hereditary_a succession_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 18_o heriot_n fol._n 108_o herring-gable_n fol._n 116_o highlander_n in_o scotland_n ancient_o britain_n fol._n 160_o hony-gavel_a fol._n 118_o howeldha_n fol._n 25_o he_o make_v not_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 153_o 154_o when_o those_o law_n ascribe_v to_o he_o be_v compile_v fol._n 97_o hugo_n the_o port_n against_o picot_n fol._n 66_o 67_o i._n i_o arsey_n isle_n fol._n 11._o 95_o no_o venomous_a creature_n therein_o ibid._n ina_n king_n his_o law_n concern_v the_o welsh_a fol._n 50_o 51._o 64_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n fol._n 32_o irish_a rhein-taloon_a or_o partition_n fol._n 99_o irish_a and_o welsh_a one_o language_n original_o fol._n 145_o irish_a and_o british_a law_n agree_v fol._n 153_o irish_a understand_v the_o manc_n and_o highland_n language_n fol._n 146_o ireland_n
admit_v but_o to_o run_v over_o some_o more_o of_o his_o gable_n that_o which_o he_o discourse_v of_o in_o his_o 30_o page_n be_v a_o for-gavel_a which_o be_v right_o render_v foris_fw-la gabulum_fw-la and_o be_v define_v to_o be_v quasi_fw-la extra_fw-la vel_fw-la praeter_fw-la gabulum_fw-la quod_fw-la domino_fw-la capitali_fw-la debetur_fw-la and_o this_o correspond_v with_o what_o before_o i_o have_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o rent_n or_o a_o duty_n beside_o over_o and_o above_o or_o beyond_o the_o original_a contract_n or_o bargain_n the_o like_a be_v in_o mete-gavel_a which_o be_v cibi_fw-la gablum_fw-la a_o rent_n of_o meat_n or_o food_n swine-gavel_a which_o be_v porcorum_fw-la gablum_fw-la a_o rent_n of_o swine_n werke-gavel_a and_o werke-gabulum_a which_o be_v operis_fw-la gablum_fw-la hunig-gavel_a which_o be_v gabulum_fw-la mellis_fw-la domâ—sdey_n mellis_fw-la for_o before_o that_o sagar_n be_v from_o the_o indies_n bring_v among_o we_o the_o use_n of_o honey_n be_v frequent_a instead_o thereof_o so_o that_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o some_o very_a ancient_a rental_n as_o great_a a_o proportion_n of_o honey_n as_o there_o will_v be_v require_v of_o sugar_n to_o seâ—ve_v such_o a_o family_n and_o much_o reserve_v to_o the_o king_n in_o most_o county_n as_o appear_v by_o domâ—sdey_n rent_n honey_n of_o which_o sort_n in_o domesdey_n you_o may_v find_v much_o and_o in_o the_o 60._o law_n of_o king_n ina_n we_o find_v a_o bere-gafol_a which_o be_v a_o rent_n of_o beer_n or_o rather_o barley_n as_o mr._n lambard_n expound_v it_o for_o in_o some_o country_n of_o england_n and_o in_o scotland_n they_o to_o this_o day_n call_v barley_n beer_n there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o 66._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d speak_v of_o a_o yard_n of_o land_n which_o mr._n lambard_n render_v to_o signify_v mercede_fw-la conductam_fw-la that_o be_v hire_v for_o rent_n or_o wages_n so_o be_v it_o in_o the_o covenant_n betwixt_o king_n alured_n and_o guthrun_n the_o dane_n in_o the_o second_o article_n where_o it_o be_v say_v but_o tan_o ðaem_v câ—oâ—le_a de_fw-fr on_o gafollande_n rit_n which_o mr._n lambard_n render_v thus_o siquidem_fw-la be_v rusticus_n censum_fw-la annuum_fw-la impendens_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la which_o i_o think_v in_o english_a be_v provide_v that_o that_o countryman_n do_v not_o sit_v on_o rent_a land_n for_o but_o in_o the_o old_a english_a as_o well_o as_o to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o present_a scotch_a signify_v without_o or_o want_v etc._n etc._n there_o i_o find_v gafollande_n be_v turn_v into_o census_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o have_v need_n to_o make_v use_n of_o or_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n aethelstan_n it_o be_v thus_o Æ¿ealisc_a monne_n etc._n etc._n ê§_n he_o ðam_v ce_a gafol-gyldan_a maeg_fw-la which_o be_v thus_o translate_v wallus_n si_fw-la in_o eas_fw-la opes_fw-la creverit_fw-la etc._n etc._n ut_fw-la annuum_fw-la regi_fw-la censum_fw-la pendat_fw-la which_o be_v if_o a_o welshman_n increase_v so_o in_o riches_n etc._n etc._n that_o he_o can_v or_o may_v yield_v a_o yearly_a rent_n to_o the_o king_n such_o a_o one_o perhaps_o as_o we_o call_v a_o subsidy_n man_n or_o a_o man_n in_o the_o king_n book_n so_o in_o the_o six_o of_o king_n ina_n law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v if_o any_o one_o fight_v in_o the_o house_n of_o one_o that_o pay_v rend_v and_o in_o the_o 22._o of_o the_o same_o king_n that_o so_o often_o recite_v law_n Æ¿ealh_n gafolgylda_fw-la hund_n tÆ¿_n lftig_fw-mi â—cill_n which_o be_v turn_v into_o latin_a thus_o 33._o mr._n s._n pag._n 33._o wallus_fw-la censum_fw-la pendens_fw-la annuum_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v the_o word_n gavel-man_n cite_v by_o payment_n by_o many_o there_o be_v that_o with_o mr._n selden_n account_v gafol_n to_o signify_v several_a thing_n as_o tributum_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o not_o in_o the_o least_o with_o reference_n to_o the_o tenure_n he_o cite_v the_o aâ—â—ales_n anglosaxoas_n in_o bibliotheca_fw-la cottoniana_n anno_fw-la 1012._o ða_o ê§_n gafol_fw-mi gelaest_n sae_z &_o frið_n aþa_v asporene_a Æ¿aeson_fw-mi þa_fw-mi to_o ferde_v se_fw-mi here_o Æ¿ide_n sÆ¿a_o he_o aer_fw-la gegaderode_o Æ¿a_v ða_o bugon_n to_o þam_fw-la ce_v of_o þam_n here_o fif_fw-mi &_o feoÆ¿ertig_fw-ge scypa_fw-mi &_o he_o beheton_n ê§_n he_o Æ¿oldon_n þysne_v ear_a healoan_n &_o he_o he_o fedan_n sceolde_a &_o scÆ¿ydon_n id_fw-la est_fw-la tributo_fw-la soluto_fw-la &_o amicitiae_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestitis_fw-la excrcitus_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la erat_fw-la congregatus_fw-la late_a dispergitur_fw-la maneb_fw-mi vit_fw-mi vero_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la ex_fw-la ipso_fw-la exercitu_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la quinque_fw-la nave_n ipsique_fw-la side_n datâ_fw-la promiserunt_fw-la se_fw-la terram_fw-la hanc_fw-la dâ—fensuros_fw-la modo_fw-la eos_fw-la aleret_fw-la &_o vestiret_fw-la rex_fw-la danorum_fw-la rex_fw-la tunc_fw-la swanus_fw-la crat_fw-mi quorum_fw-la ita_fw-la pepigit_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la utrumque_fw-la autem_fw-la praestationis_fw-la quam_fw-la diximus_fw-la genus_fw-la danegeld_n danegeldum_fw-la seu_fw-la danageldum_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la tributum_fw-la danicum_fw-la dicebatur_fw-la seld._n mar._n clau_n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o here_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o geld_v be_v most_o proper_o tribute_n though_o in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o saxon_a citation_n mr._n selden_n render_v gafol_n by_o tributum_fw-la and_o proper_o it_o do_v signify_v a_o payment_n mr._n s._n which_o have_v no_o more_o in_o signification_n than_o one_o that_o pay_v a_o rent_n and_o relate_v not_o at_o all_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o i_o believe_v if_o serious_o look_v into_o that_o many_o of_o these_o compound_n who_o have_v this_o similitude_n of_o sound_n do_v not_o hold_v under_o or_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n which_o if_o so_o here_o be_v nomen_fw-la sine_fw-la re_fw-la and_o this_o last_o may_v be_v a_o term_n as_o significant_a for_o any_o one_o that_o pay_v a_o rent_n in_o cumberland_n as_o in_o kent_n in_o this_o recite_v page_n it_o be_v that_o mr._n s._n have_v right_o fix_v his_o gavel_n for_o say_v he_o one_o thing_n more_o i_o have_v to_o note_v before_o i_o leave_v gable_n gavel_n etc._n etc._n that_o with_o mala_n it_o signify_v rent_n service_n or_o custom_n and_o in_o his_o 35_o page_n he_o add_v by_o this_o time_n the_o reader_n be_v satisfy_v i_o hope_v say_v he_o touch_v the_o true_a construction_n of_o gavel_n gafol_n gable_n or_o how_o ever_o else_o he_o shall_v chance_v to_o find_v it_o write_v in_o each_o import_a cens_n i._n e._n a_o rent_n either_o in_o money_n provision_n or_o work_n to_o conclude_v i_o be_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o mr._n s._n that_o these_o intermixture_n and_o compound_n do_v all_o hold_v a_o reference_n to_o gafol_n gablum_fw-la or_o gabulum_fw-la that_o all_o of_o they_o have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o exposition_n yet_o that_o none_o of_o they_o have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n or_o to_o any_o other_o tenure_n beside_o the_o rent_v or_o pay_v of_o a_o rent_n for_o land_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v only_o one_o thing_n more_o left_a to_o be_v consider_v which_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v in_o it_o some_o strength_n and_o that_o be_v in_o the_o 31._o page_n of_o mr._n s._n where_o he_o cite_v this_o &_o postea_fw-la per_fw-la quandam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la quae_fw-la voco_fw-la gavelate_fw-la usitatam_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la isto_fw-la viz._n kanc_n de_fw-la terris_fw-la &_o tenementis_fw-la de_fw-la gavelkind_n pro_fw-la redditibus_fw-la &_o servitiis_fw-la quae_fw-la à _fw-la retro_fw-la fuerint_fw-la de_fw-la eisdem_fw-la per_fw-la plures_fw-la annos_fw-la devenerunt_fw-la eaedem_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_o manus_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la abbatis_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o this_o consuetudo_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelate_v use_v in_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v in_o gavelkind_n seem_v the_o one_o to_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o other_o for_o mr._n s._n in_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o paragraph_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o gavelate_n be_v not_o a_o reut_n or_o a_o service_n but_o betoken_v a_o rent_n or_o a_o service_n withhold_v deny_v or_o detain_v cause_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o tenement_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o whereas_o that_o record_n say_v it_o be_v use_v in_o that_o county_n upon_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v in_o gavelkind_n sir_n edward_n coke_n as_o mr._n s._n himself_o cite_v he_o say_v gaveletum_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v as_o to_o cease_v or_o let_v to_o pay_v the_o rent_n breve_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelleto_fw-it in_o london_n est_fw-la breve_fw-la de_fw-fr cessavit_fw-la in_o biennium_fw-la etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la redditu_fw-la ibidem_fw-la quia_fw-la tenementa_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la indistringibilia_fw-la so_o that_o this_o brief_a lay_n in_o london_n as_o well_o as_o kent_n and_o minshew_n in_o his_o dictionary_n upon_o the_o word_n gavelet_n exemplify_v it_o by_o a_o case_n that_o if_o any_o tenant_n in_o gavelkind_n withhold_v his_o rent_n and_o his_o service_n of_o the_o tenement_n which_o he_o hold_v of_o
equal_a portion_n but_o according_a to_o right_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v i_o have_v show_v before_o several_a sort_n of_o partible_a tenor_n and_o none_o of_o they_o opposite_a in_o condition_n or_o nature_n but_o that_o they_o may_v all_o come_v under_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o gavelkynd_n and_o all_o those_o partition_n although_o not_o by_o equal_a portion_n yet_o be_v all_o according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o gavelkynd_n which_o i_o think_v be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v they_o appear_v member_n of_o this_o tenure_n but_o let_v we_o examine_v under_o what_o consideration_n the_o saxon_a king_n have_v this_o tenure_n as_o it_o be_v diffusive_a over_o england_n in_o their_o law_n and_o first_o of_o all_o those_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n wherewith_o mr._n s._n be_v so_o ill_o satisfy_v he_o after_o he_o have_v very_o pious_o take_v care_n for_o what_o concern_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n by_o the_o counsel_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o wiseman_n of_o his_o kingdom_n on_o ðaem_n halgaâ—_n midÆ¿intre_n tid_v on_o Æ¿intanceastre_n in_o the_o holy_a mid-winter-tide_n at_o winchester_n which_o mr._n lambard_n expound_v to_o be_v christmas_n enact_v several_a law_n with_o this_o proaemium_fw-la before_o they_o ðis_n be_v ðonne_fw-fr seo_fw-la Æ¿orldcunde_a gerednes_n ðeic_fw-la Æ¿ille_fw-la mid_a minan_n Æ¿itenan_n raede_fw-la ê§_n man_n heald_n ofer_n eal_n englaland_n that_o be_v this_o be_v then_o the_o worldly_a behest_n that_o by_o the_o counsel_n of_o my_o wise_a man_n that_o man_n hold_v over_o all_o england_n by_o which_o we_o may_v perceive_v his_o law_n have_v a_o universal_a extent_n over_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o they_o we_o find_v to_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o basis_n of_o partition_n so_o in_o his_o 68_o law_n which_o be_v thus_o render_v sive_fw-la quis_fw-la incuria_fw-la sive_fw-la morte_fw-la repentina_fw-la fuerit_fw-la intestatò_fw-la mortuus_fw-la dominus_fw-la tamen_fw-la nullam_fw-la rerum_fw-la suarum_fw-la partem_fw-la praeter_fw-la eam_fw-la quae_fw-la jure_fw-la debetur_fw-la hereoti_n nomine_fw-la sibi_fw-la assumito_fw-la verum_fw-la eas_fw-la judicio_fw-la svo_fw-la uxori_fw-la liberis_fw-la &_o cognatione_fw-la proximis_fw-la justè_fw-la pro_fw-la svo_fw-la cuique_fw-la jure_fw-la distribuito_fw-la which_o in_o the_o original_a be_v ac_fw-la beo_fw-la be_v his_o dihte_n seo_fw-la aehte_n gescyft_n sÆ¿iþe_v sihte_v þife_n &_o cildan_n &_o neh_a magon_n aelcum_fw-mi be_v ðaer_fw-mi maeþe_fw-mi de_fw-mi he_o togebyrige_fw-la which_o be_v as_o i_o conceive_v thus_o and_o by_o his_o judgement_n let_v the_o estate_n be_v shift_v or_o rather_o divide_v according_a to_o right_n wife_n and_o child_n and_o next_o of_o kin_n to_o each_o one_o according_a to_o that_o proportion_n that_o belong_v to_o they_o this_o shift_a if_o the_o word_n signify_v so_o or_o division_n must_v be_v according_a to_o right_n where_o by_o the_o way_n note_n that_o the_o saxon_a word_n to_o they_o know_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o that_o they_o make_v no_o use_n of_o the_o word_n gavelkynd_n but_o this_o be_v a_o general_a law_n and_o as_o i_o say_v before_o several_a place_n have_v their_o several_a manner_n and_o proportion_n of_o this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n yet_o all_o those_o custom_n be_v to_o be_v part_v and_o descend_v according_a to_o right_n we_o find_v somewhat_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n in_o the_o 70_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n porrò_fw-la autem_fw-la quam_fw-la maritus_fw-la sine_fw-la light_fw-la &_o controversia_fw-la sedem_fw-la incoluerit_fw-la eam_fw-la conjux_fw-la &_o proles_fw-la sine_fw-la controversia_fw-la possidento_fw-la sin_n quae_fw-la in_o illum_fw-la lie_fw-la fuerit_fw-la illata_fw-la viventem_fw-la eam_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ad_fw-la se_fw-la perinde_v atque_fw-la be_v vivus_fw-la accipiunto_o and_o in_o the_o 75_o law_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o if_o any_o in_o the_o army_n before_o or_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o lord_n dye_v fight_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d let_v his_o heriot_n be_v forgive_v and_o let_v his_o heir_n succeed_v he_o in_o his_o good_n and_o his_o paternal_a land_n and_o let_v it_o be_v shift_v or_o divide_v according_a to_o right_n which_o law_n seem_v to_o be_v word_n for_o word_n find_v among_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n where_o i_o find_v &_o qui_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la ante_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la ceciderit_fw-la sit_fw-la hoc_fw-la interra_fw-la sit_fw-la alibi_fw-la sint_fw-la ei_fw-la relevationes_fw-la condonatae_fw-la &_o habeant_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ejus_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la &_o terram_fw-la ejus_fw-la sine_fw-la aliqua_fw-la diminutione_n &_o rectè_fw-la dividant_a inter_fw-la se_fw-la which_o law_n do_v also_o take_v place_n among_o those_o that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n confirm_v as_o in_o the_o 36_o la_o that_o pass_v under_o his_o name_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la intestatus_fw-la obierit_fw-la liberi_fw-la ejus_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la aequaliter_fw-la dividant_a now_o the_o collection_n from_o hence_o lie_v natural_o thus_o that_o that_o law_n which_o general_o reach_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o his_o child_n or_o the_o descendant_n of_o such_o as_o dye_v intestate_a be_v the_o most_o genuine_a law_n for_o this_o law_n provide_v that_o upon_o some_o emergent_a accident_n as_o die_v intestate_a or_o in_o battle_n or_o some_o such_o sudden_a chance_n that_o these_o notwithstanding_o the_o land_n shall_v run_v in_o its_o proper_a channel_n of_o partition_n so_o that_o these_o occasion_n shall_v not_o attain_v the_o power_n of_o alter_v the_o course_n thereof_o which_o not_o meet_v with_o such_o a_o obstruction_n will_v have_v without_o any_o scruple_n have_v its_o natural_a course_n of_o partition_n the_o like_a be_v not_o only_o in_o the_o knight-service-land_n speak_v of_o to_o be_v in_o king_n alfred_n time_n but_o also_o in_o all_o their_o bocland_n and_o other_o land_n that_o have_v the_o force_n put_v upon_o they_o by_o testament_n or_o deed_n this_o partition_n come_v yet_o a_o little_a near_o to_o we_o for_o in_o the_o 70_o law_n of_o hen._n 1._o upon_o the_o account_n of_o partition_n or_o divide_v provision_n be_v make_v that_o si_fw-mi mulier_fw-la absque_fw-la liberis_fw-la moriatur_fw-la parent_n ejus_fw-la cum_fw-la marito_fw-la svo_fw-la partem_fw-la svam_fw-la dividant_a by_o which_o i_o understand_v a_o division_n of_o part_n upon_o a_o part_n before_o receive_v and_o he_o that_o write_v the_o glossary_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n upon_o the_o word_n terra_fw-la ex_fw-la scripto_fw-la say_v haereditatem_fw-la vero_fw-la temporibus_fw-la illis_fw-la non_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la solus_fw-la aetate_fw-la maximus_fw-la adibat_fw-la verum_fw-la ad_fw-la filios_fw-la omnes_fw-la aequaliter_fw-la fundus_fw-la lege_fw-la veniebat_fw-la quod_fw-la illi_fw-la viz._n saxones_n land_n fcyftan_n dixerunt_fw-la &_o cantii_n hac_fw-la nostra_fw-la memoria_fw-la eodem_fw-la vocabulo_fw-la to_o shift_n land_n id_fw-la est_fw-la herciscere_fw-la &_o fundum_fw-la partiri_fw-la appellant_n by_o which_o it_o seem_v the_o proper_a kentish_a word_n be_v shifting-land_n as_o by_o this_o glossators_n judgement_n who_o i_o understand_v be_v a_o kentishman_n which_o if_o so_o let_v they_o be_v content_a with_o their_o saxon_a land-shifting_a and_o let_v we_o alone_o with_o our_o gavel_n unless_o they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o own_o their_o true_a briton_n true_a the_o briton_n patron_n the_o law_n i_o confess_v that_o i_o have_v late_o cite_v do_v rather_o glance_v upon_o the_o custom_n of_o partition_n because_o it_o be_v suppose_v and_o take_v for_o grant_v that_o that_o custom_n be_v so_o paramount_n that_o there_o be_v little_a need_n of_o express_v thereof_o which_o lie_v so_o couch_v there_o as_o it_o do_v among_o the_o welsh_a law_n and_o be_v like_o our_o common_a law_n know_v to_o all_o yet_o not_o express_v general_o receive_v yet_o not_o write_v in_o the_o 78_o page_n of_o mr._n s._n we_o be_v still_o upon_o the_o tenure_n in_o question_n be_v cite_v davies_n his_o report_n of_o the_o irish_a custom_n de_fw-fr gavel-kind_n which_o book_n i_o have_v see_v and_o to_o it_o i_o say_v if_o the_o irish_a know_v the_o word_n by_o which_o davies_n denominate_v the_o custom_n among_o they_o it_o further_o confirm_v i_o in_o my_o opinion_n of_o the_o british_a etymology_n thereof_o ignoratur_fw-la thereof_o seld._n mare_n claus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 1._o scotland_n and_o ireland_n be_v ancient_o repute_v britain_n hiberma_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d dicta_fw-la est_fw-la ptolomaeo_n mahumedes_n acharranides_n arab_n mathematicus_fw-la egregius_fw-la qui_fw-la ante_fw-la annos_fw-la 900._o floruit_fw-la terrae_fw-la latitudinem_fw-la inquit_fw-la observantes_fw-la à _fw-la loco_fw-la lineae_fw-la aequalitatis_fw-la aequinoctialis_fw-la versus_fw-la septentrionalem_fw-la partem_fw-la insula_fw-la tile_n quae_fw-la est_fw-la in_o britannia_fw-la ubi_fw-la est_fw-la majoris_fw-la diei_fw-la longitudo_fw-la 20._o herarum_fw-la eam_fw-la determinari_fw-la deprehenderunt_fw-la eriam_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la thulen_n pro_fw-la ipsa_fw-la britannia_fw-la usurpacunt_fw-la seu_fw-la anglia_fw-it &_o albategnius_n de_fw-fr oceano_fw-la quà _fw-la ab_fw-la hispanis_n respicitur_fw-la verba_fw-la faciens_fw-la in_o co_fw-la inquit_fw-la à _fw-la septentrionali_fw-la parte_fw-la sunt_fw-la
britain_n there_o they_o drive_v out_o the_o pict_n total_o and_o seat_v themselves_o in_o their_o place_n upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v that_o they_o not_o have_v any_o person_n with_o who_o they_o may_v co-inhabit_a and_o so_o participate_v of_o their_o custom_n be_v upon_o their_o settlement_n constrain_v to_o create_v new_a custom_n or_o else_o to_o revive_v their_o own_o for_o their_o best_a security_n i_o think_v they_o much_o in_o a_o error_n who_o affirm_v that_o the_o identity_n of_o language_n betwixt_o we_o and_o scotland_n be_v occasion_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o profugi_fw-la or_o such_o as_o for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o person_n flee_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o malcolm_n canmoir_n king_n of_o scotland_n in_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n certain_o consider_v the_o old_a animosity_n betwixt_o the_o two_o nation_n it_o will_v have_v ill_o become_v the_o courtesy_n at_o least_o the_o policy_n of_o the_o scotch_a king_n to_o have_v receive_v so_o many_o english_a guest_n a_o by_o their_o number_n or_o multitude_n may_v have_v be_v able_a to_o plant_v their_o language_n among_o his_o people_n so_o different_a from_o their_o own_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o notwithstanding_o this_o national_a enmity_n some_o he_o do_v receive_v out_o of_o who_o he_o choose_v his_o wife_n margaret_z sister_n to_o edgar_n etheling_n and_o bestow_v land_n upon_o divers_a of_o they_o a_o catalogue_n of_o several_a of_o they_o the_o bishop_n of_o rosse_n have_v give_v to_o we_o by_o their_o surname_n of_o who_o he_o reckon_v the_o family_n of_o calder_n lokert_n gordon_n seaton_n lauder_n waun_n meldron_n shaw_n lermount_v libertoun_n straquhin_n rettraye_v dundas_n cockeburne_n myrtom_n inglis_n leslye_o cargill_n cuilra_n mar_n menzeis_n abercrumy_a lindsay_n vaus_n ramsay_n loval_n torris_n preston_n sandelandis_n bissat_fw-la foullis_fw-la wardlou_n maxuell_n etc._n etc._n these_o be_v the_o most_o and_o principall_a in_o that_o account_n from_o who_o it_o can_v be_v rational_o expect_v that_o that_o kingdom_n shall_v receive_v a_o mutation_n of_o their_o etc._n their_o mr._n sâ—ene_v under_o the_o title_n of_o scotia_n say_v that_o king_n david_n 〈◊〉_d first_o in_o the_o three_o zier_n of_o his_o reight_fw-mi ann_n dom._n 1126._o be_v his_o charter_n maid_n omnibus_fw-la scott_n &_o anglis_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o scotia_n quam_fw-la in_o lodoneio_fw-la constitutis_fw-la give_v to_o st._n cuthbert_n and_o his_o moâ—ks_n in_o durhâ—m_n the_o laod_n of_o coldingham_n etc._n etc._n language_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v fix_v it_o upon_o a_o greater-probability_n speed_z say_v that_o hengist_n send_v for_o octa_n and_o ebissa_n two_o principal_a captain_n among_o the_o saxon_n in_o germany_n who_o be_v embark_v in_o forty_o pinnace_n sail_v about_o the_o pict_n coast_n waste_v the_o isle_n of_o orcades_n and_o get_v many_o country_n beyond_o the_o trith_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o a_o settlement_n for_o that_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a they_o fix_v here_o at_o this_o time_n again_o they_o have_v much_o war_n with_o the_o saxon_n when_o the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n be_v plant_v in_o their_o neighbourhood_n which_o may_v possible_o afford_v some_o small_a knowledge_n of_o the_o language_n one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o not_o enough_o to_o confine_v the_o scottish_a tongue_n within_o the_o mountain_n and_o highland_n of_o scotland_n what_o i_o find_v in_o the_o scottish_a history_n write_v by_o john_n lesley_n bishop_n of_o rosse_n a_o person_n of_o great_a repute_n be_v ambassador_n for_o mary_n queen_n of_o scot_n in_o the_o court_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o england_n who_o book_n be_v print_v at_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1578._o be_v that_o out_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v collect_v this_o ensue_a discourse_n kenneth_n the_o 69_o king_n of_o scot_n who_o flourish_v about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 840._o defeat_a the_o pict_n near_o storling_n and_o improve_n his_o victory_n into_o northumberland_n prosecute_v they_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n so_o close_o that_o you_o shall_v have_v it_o in_o his_o own_o word_n omnes_fw-la incolas_fw-la promiscuè_fw-fr nulla_fw-la sexus_fw-la habita_fw-la ratione_fw-la obtruncat_fw-la &_o picticum_fw-la nomen_fw-la propè_fw-la extinxit_fw-la qui_fw-la autem_fw-la evasere_fw-la in_fw-la daniam_fw-la norvegiamuè_fw-la alii_fw-la in_o northumbriam_a se_fw-la abdiderant_fw-la and_o present_o after_o conclude_v sic_fw-la pictorum_fw-la gens_n post_fw-la centesimum_fw-la supra_fw-la millesimum_fw-la ex_fw-la quo_fw-la in_o albionem_fw-la venerat_fw-la annum_fw-la tantum_fw-la non_fw-la deleta_fw-la est_fw-la here_o we_o find_v the_o pictish_a nation_n in_o scotland_n almost_o expire_v who_o have_v very_o long_o before_o this_o be_v intruder_n into_o this_o part_n of_o the_o island_n and_o during_o this_o king_n life_n those_o land_n upon_o which_o they_o have_v live_v be_v re-occupied_n by_o the_o old_a irish_a or_o british_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o hill_n who_o be_v constrain_v to_o live_v in_o those_o mountain_n and_o fastness_n during_o the_o time_n the_o pict_n keep_v possession_n of_o the_o lowland_n and_o at_o that_o time_n the_o scot_n change_v the_o name_n of_o those_o region_n give_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o pict_n and_o their_o prince_n into_o other_o different_a appellation_n but_o kenneth_n die_v in_o the_o twenty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o in_o the_o 855._o year_n of_o christ_n to_o he_o succeed_v donald_n the_o five_o who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v germanus_n kennethi_fw-la for_o buchanan_n observe_v that_o the_o custom_n of_o scotland_n then_o be_v if_o the_o son_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n be_v aetatis_fw-la be_v minoris_fw-la aetatis_fw-la under_o age_n they_o elect_v the_o most_o age_a and_o great_a experience_v of_o that_o king_n line_n to_o be_v their_o prince_n so_o that_o this_o donald_n be_v choose_v into_o the_o marble-chair_n which_o kenneth_n his_o predecesser_n have_v bring_v from_o argile_n and_o place_v in_o scone_n the_o same_o that_o at_o this_o present_a remain_v as_o a_o relic_n and_o a_o trophy_n in_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n donald_n prove_v very_o offeminate_a and_o vicious_a and_o puff_v up_o with_o his_o felicity_n so_o over-flowed_n with_o vice_n that_o he_o by_o they_o give_v the_o opportunity_n and_o occasion_n of_o the_o ruin_n of_o that_o which_o kenneth_n by_o his_o valour_n have_v achieve_v the_o pict_n who_o all_o this_o while_n lie_v close_o in_o northumberland_n understand_v his_o carelessness_n and_o looseness_n istam_fw-la suae_fw-la libertatis_fw-la asserendae_fw-la occasionem_fw-la arripientes_fw-la say_v the_o bishop_n cum_fw-la auxiliaribus_fw-la saxonum_n &_o britannorum_fw-la in_o scotiam_fw-la irrumpunt_fw-la donaldus_n collecto_fw-la exercitu_fw-la hostibus_fw-la prope_fw-la jedburgum_n occurrit_fw-la initoque_fw-la prelio_fw-la illos_fw-la in_o fugam_fw-la compulit_fw-la rex_fw-la nostrique_fw-la milites_fw-la victoria_fw-la infolentes_fw-la â—cctem_fw-la sequentem_fw-la sine_fw-la excubiis_fw-la supiâ—t_fw-la sine_fw-la ordine_fw-la sparsi_fw-la sine_fw-la disciplina_fw-la negligentes_fw-la sine_fw-la timore_fw-la stulti_fw-la in_fw-la luxu_fw-la &_o compotationibus_fw-la consumunt_fw-la hostess_fw-la de_fw-la hac_fw-la re_fw-mi certioâ—_n factus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la omnem_fw-la occasionem_fw-la intentus_fw-la illos_fw-la media_fw-la nocte_fw-la somno_fw-la vinoque_fw-la sepulâ—os_fw-la opprimit_fw-la interfectisque_fw-la circiter_fw-la viginti_fw-la millibus_fw-la ipsum_fw-la donaldum_n cum_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la domum_fw-la captivum_fw-la ducit_fw-la denaldus_n ut_fw-la se_fw-la in_o libertatem_fw-la assererel_n omnem_fw-la regionem_fw-la inter_fw-la strivelingum_n &_o cludam_fw-la amnem_fw-la inte_fw-mi jectam_fw-la britannis_fw-la &_o saxonibus_fw-la dedidit_fw-la annuaeque_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la tributi_fw-la nomine_fw-la pendendae_fw-la conditione_n seize_v astr_v it_o here_o i_o observe_v that_o this_o losâ—_n that_o donald_n receive_v give_v opportunity_n to_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n their_o plant_n themselves_o in_o the_o lowland_n the_o scot_n be_v reforce_v into_o the_o highland_n but_o concern_v the_o limit_n and_o bound_n betwixt_o these_o and_o the_o scot_n he_o give_v we_o a_o particular_a account_n and_o show_v in_o what_o part_n the_o one_o inhabit_v and_o in_o what_o part_n the_o other_o and_o inform_v we_o that_o these_o angli-saxones_n in_o huius_fw-la pugnae_fw-la memoriam_fw-la strivelingi_n arcem_fw-la prius_fw-la dirutam_fw-la iterum_fw-la extruxerunt_fw-la fortheam_n quoque_fw-la ponte_fw-la munierunt_fw-la quopostea_fw-la in_o loco_fw-la crucem_fw-la tanquam_fw-la victoriae_fw-la signum_fw-la sustulerunt_fw-la cvi_fw-la two_o versus_fw-la aetatem_fw-la illam_fw-la satis_fw-la redolentes_fw-la affabrè_fw-la insculpti_fw-la sunt_fw-la angelo_fw-mi los_fw-es à _fw-la stotis_fw-la separat_fw-la crux_fw-la ista_fw-la remote_a be_v arma_fw-la hic_fw-la stant_fw-la brutti_n stant_fw-la scoti_n sub_fw-la hac_fw-la cruse_n tuti_fw-la interea_fw-la picti_n qui_fw-la scoticae_fw-la cladis_fw-la auctores_fw-la fuerant_fw-la tota_fw-la albione_fw-la à _fw-la saxonibus_fw-la praecipites_fw-la ejiciuntur_fw-la and_o to_o this_o buchanan_n add_v that_o durae_fw-la conditione_n praepositae_fw-la quas_fw-la tamen_fw-la praesens_fw-la rerum_fw-la status_fw-la tolerabiles_fw-la faciebat_fw-la vidert_fw-ge ut_fw-la omni_fw-la agro_fw-la qui_fw-la inter_fw-la vallum_fw-la severi_n esset_fw-la scoti_n cederent_fw-la
board_n or_o table_n and_o cotarii_fw-la be_v cottager_n such_o as_o dwell_v in_o a_o cottage_n 1._o cottage_n anno_fw-la 4._o ed._n 1._o stat._n 1._o that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o house_n without_o land_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o come_v from_o the_o saxon_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o tugurium_fw-la and_o tectum_fw-la in_o latin_a a_o â—egendo_fw-la so_o as_o this_o be_v in_o signification_n a_o cover_n or_o shelter_n because_o those_o small_a habitation_n be_v only_o make_v to_o cover_v they_o from_o the_o sun_n and_o weather_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a of_o that_o great_a mistake_n the_o whole_a current_n of_o writer_n have_v run_v into_o those_o who_o work_n have_v be_v publish_v within_o these_o last_o 300_o year_n where_o they_o general_o endeavour_v to_o load_v all_o the_o indignity_n of_o tenor_n of_o servility_n and_o vassalage_n upon_o this_o norman_a change_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o be_v at_o that_o time_n introduce_v especial_o many_o jocular_a tenor_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o private_a contract_n betwixt_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o tenant_n and_o not_o of_o any_o general_a concernment_n but_o hence_o i_o can_v yield_v to_o conclude_v that_o all_o tenor_n of_o servility_n be_v of_o their_o introduction_n mr._n s._n continue_v in_o his_o opinion_n in_o the_o 104_o page_n where_o he_o write_v that_o fee-simple_n fee-tayl_n fee-farm_n grand_a &_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n escuage_z burgage_n villeinage_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o of_o the_o norman_a plantation_n and_o we_o by_o they_o say_v he_o at_o least_o since_o their_o conquest_n of_o we_o bring_v acquaint_v with_o they_o etc._n etc._n perhaps_o those_o compound_n may_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o consultation_n of_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n but_o for_o the_o word_n fee_n minshew_n discourse_v very_o well_o upon_o it_o for_o say_v he_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n either_o not_o observe_v from_o whence_o the_o word_n grow_v or_o at_o least_o not_o sufficient_o express_v their_o knowledge_n what_o it_o signify_v among_o they_o from_o who_o they_o take_v it_o feudum_fw-la whence_o the_o word_n fief_n or_o fee_n come_v signify_v in_o the_o german_a language_n 107._o language_n in_o like_a manner_n do_v mr._n s._n labour_n to_o deduce_v it_o from_o a_o saxon_a original_a p._n 107._o beneficium_fw-la cujus_fw-la nomine_fw-la opera_fw-la quaedam_fw-la gratiae_fw-la testificandae_fw-la causa_fw-la debentur_fw-la and_o our_o of_o hotoman_n say_v that_o by_o this_o name_n go_v all_o land_n and_o tenement_n that_o be_v hold_v by_o any_o acknowledgement_n of_o any_o superiority_n to_o any_o high_a lord_n so_o be_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n except_o the_o crown_n land_n hold_v that_o be_v of_o feudum_n or_o fee_n for_o he_o that_o can_v say_v most_o for_o his_o estute_n say_v but_o this_o seisitus_fw-la inde_fw-la in_o dominico_n meo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la seudo_fw-la which_o be_v i_o be_o seize_v of_o this_o or_o that_o land_n or_o tenement_n in_o my_o demain_fw-fr as_o of_o fee_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v it_o be_v my_o demain_fw-fr or_o proper_a land_n after_o a_o sort_n because_o it_o be_v to_o i_o and_o my_o heir_n for_o ever_o yet_o not_o simple_o i_o because_o i_o hold_v it_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o benefit_n from_o another_o and_o fee-tayl_n as_o distinguish_v be_v not_o a_o introduction_n of_o the_o norman_n for_o that_o minshew_n observe_v it_o to_o have_v its_o original_a from_o the_o statute_n of_o westm._n 2._o c._n 1._o which_o be_v make_v anno_fw-la 13._o edw._n 1._o the_o word_n feud_n be_v use_v familiar_o to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o high_a and_o low_a germanye_n for_o what_o concerus_a grand_a &_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n i_o believe_v the_o word_n to_o be_v french_a and_o so_o introduce_v by_o the_o norman_n to_o express_v those_o service_n that_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n before_o the_o conquest_n such_o service_n be_v reserve_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n the_o service_n of_o escuage_z be_v before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n though_o not_o know_v by_o that_o name_n the_o like_a be_v of_o burgage_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o yearly_a rent_n whereby_o man_n of_o city_n and_o burrows_n hold_v their_o land_n or_o tenement_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n which_o be_v in_o use_n before_o the_o conquest_n concern_v villeinage_n mr._n s._n do_v cite_v out_o of_o mr._n lambards_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n in_o mepham_n under_o the_o term_n of_o agenes-land_n this_o as_o a_o very_a ancient_a passage_n which_o have_v be_v enough_o to_o have_v convince_v i_o that_o there_o have_v be_v villain_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o it_o be_v this_o et_fw-la si_fw-la villanus_fw-la ita_fw-la crevisset_fw-la sva_fw-la probitate_fw-la quod_fw-la pleniter_fw-la haberet_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la proprio_fw-la alledio_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_o his_o 114._o page_n cit_v a_o old_a version_n of_o the_o 19_o and_o 21._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n of_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v make_v thereby_o to_o signify_v villanus_fw-la or_o colonus_n and_o it_o be_v convict_v by_o domesdey_n book_n survey_v in_o sudsexe_n thus_o radulfus_n tenet_fw-la de_fw-fr willielmo_n viz._n de_fw-mi warene_n bristelmestune_n brictric_n tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la dono_fw-la godwini_fw-la comitis_fw-la t._n r._n e._n &_o modo_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la pro_fw-la v._n hide_v &_o dim_a tran_n est_fw-la iii_o car_n in_o dnino_fw-la est_fw-la dimid_n car_fw-fr &_o xviii_o villain_n &_o ix_o bordarii_fw-la cum_fw-la iii_o car_n &_o uno_fw-la servo_fw-la de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi iv_o milia_fw-la alletium_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la villa_n tenet_fw-la widardus_fw-la de_fw-fr willo_n vi_o hide_v &_o unam_fw-la vs._n &_o proâ—tanto_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la tres_n aloarn_v tenuerunt_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n &_o potuerunt_fw-la ire_n quolibet_fw-la unus_n ex_fw-la eye_n habuit_fw-la aulam_fw-la &_o villani_n tenuerunt_fw-la part_n aliorum_fw-la duorum_fw-la here_o be_v a_o express_a of_o a_o servus_n and_o also_o of_o the_o villani_n who_o hold_v this_o land_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n beside_o this_o i_o can_v allege_v many_o more_o but_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o littleton_n say_v that_o villani_n in_o domesday_n be_v not_o there_o take_v for_o bondman_n but_o have_v their_o name_n de_fw-fr villis_fw-la because_o they_o have_v ferm_n and_o there_o do_v work_n of_o husbandry_n for_o the_o lord_n and_o they_o be_v ever_o before_o name_v bordarii_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o mr._n s._n in_o what_o i_o cite_v before_o of_o he_o concern_v bordmanni_n which_o i_o believe_v be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n with_o bordarii_n and_o such_o as_o be_v bondman_n be_v call_v servi_n thus_o sir_n edward_n coke_n but_o i_o believe_v the_o norman_n find_v these_o villain_n here_o even_o by_o their_o name_n by_o which_o i_o believe_v they_o be_v of_o a_o very_a ancient_a stand_n for_o that_o i_o find_v they_o know_v by_o the_o britain_n by_o that_o title_n as_o they_o be_v often_o mention_v in_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a in_o a_o law_n which_o before_o in_o this_o 〈◊〉_d i_o mention_v be_v notice_n take_v of_o a_o king_n villain_n and_o of_o a_o nobleman_n villain_n and_o then_o another_o that_o give_v a_o right_a to_o the_o foster-children_n of_o divide_v land_n with_o the_o child_n of_o the_o villain_n but_o a_o little_a more_o plain_o to_o bring_v the_o proof_n in_o those_o law_n it_o be_v demonstrate_v how_o that_o tres_fw-la homines_fw-la promoveri_fw-la possunt_fw-la uâ—a_fw-la die_v that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o i_o guess_v it_o they_o be_v make_v gentleman_n in_o one_o day_n here_o you_o must_v take_v the_o latin_a as_o i_o find_v it_o captivus_fw-la si_fw-la movetus_fw-la in_o swyd_n de_fw-fr xxiv_o officialibus_fw-la swyd_n be_v dignitas_fw-la dignity_n so_o that_o the_o sense_n of_o it_o be_v this_o if_o the_o prince_n bestow_v upon_o a_o caprive_n the_o dignity_n of_o be_v one_o of_o the_o twenty_o four_o chief_a officer_n of_o his_o court_n it_o be_v a_o advancement_n peculiar_a or_o he_o become_v by_o it_o a_o gentleman_n secundus_fw-la filius_fw-la villani_fw-la si_fw-la sit_fw-la clericus_fw-la our_o common_a law_n do_v differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o say_v partus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ventrem_fw-la where_o as_o the_o common_a law_n have_v it_o partus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la patrem_fw-la but_o here_o provision_n be_v make_v that_o the_o son_n of_o a_o villain_n be_v a_o clergy_n man_n shall_v become_v a_o gentleman_n which_o be_v somewhat_o explain_v by_o the_o next_o tertius_fw-la homo_fw-la ex_fw-la captiva_fw-la villa_n si_fw-fr villa_n habeat_fw-la à _fw-la domino_fw-la patrie_fw-fr licentiam_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la aedificare_fw-la &_o in_o cimiterio_fw-la ejus_fw-la corpora_fw-la sepeliri_fw-la tunc_fw-la villa_n siâ—_n &_o omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la ea_fw-la postea_fw-la sunt_fw-la liberi_fw-la that_o