england_n view_n in_o the_o unmask_n of_o two_o paradox_n with_o a_o replication_n unto_o the_o answer_n of_o master_n john_n bodine_n by_o gerrard_n de_fw-fr malynes_n merchant_n opposita_fw-la iuxta_fw-la se_fw-la posita_fw-la magis_fw-la apparent_a anchora_fw-la spei_fw-la london_n print_v by_o richard_n field_n 1603._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a sir_n thomas_n sackuile_n baron_n of_o buckhurst_n lord_n high_a treasurer_n of_o england_n knight_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o one_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o her_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n g._n de_fw-fr m._n wish_v all_o health_n increase_n of_o honour_n and_o everlasting_a happiness_n these_o two_o paradox_n right_a honourable_a have_v be_v present_v unto_o the_o french_a king_n as_o a_o mean_a to_o qualify_v the_o general_a complaint_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n in_o france_n by_o prove_v that_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o three_o hundred_o year_n be_v answer_v by_o the_o famous_a m._n john_n bodine_n who_o dedicate_v his_o answer_n unto_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n of_o france_n as_o a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n and_o considerable_a in_o the_o government_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n hence_o proceed_v that_o resolution_n which_o embolden_v i_o to_o present_v unto_o your_o lordship_n the_o substance_n of_o both_o their_o write_n with_o all_o their_o argument_n and_o propound_a remedy_n to_o the_o end_n that_o in_o the_o balance_n of_o your_o grave_a wisdom_n they_o may_v be_v weigh_v with_o my_o replication_n thereunto_o show_v how_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v of_o for_o the_o good_a of_o a_o commonwealth_n your_o honour_n judgement_n shall_v easy_o perceive_v that_o the_o paradox_n be_v opposite_a and_o do_v contradict_v one_o another_o beside_o the_o slender_a and_o weak_a ground_n of_o their_o foundation_n as_o also_o that_o master_n bodine_n have_v mistake_v the_o true_a ground_n of_o the_o matter_n by_o compare_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n within_o themselves_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n whereas_o the_o comparison_n must_v be_v between_o the_o home_n commodity_n of_o one_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o that_o either_o by_o way_n of_o permutation_n of_o commodity_n for_o commodity_n or_o by_o commodity_n for_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la or_o by_o exchange_n so_o that_o a_o due_a consideration_n must_v be_v have_v of_o the_o course_n of_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o essential_a part_n of_o all_o trade_n and_o traffic_v wherein_o must_v be_v consider_v the_o end_n of_o all_o merchant_n which_o be_v gaine_n and_o profit_n at_o which_o scope_n they_o aim_v according_a to_o their_o profession_n and_o practice_n some_o by_o commodity_n some_o by_o money_n some_o by_o exchange_n some_o by_o all_o three_o or_o that_o which_o yield_v they_o most_o gain_v for_o as_o money_n do_v rule_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n so_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n do_v both_o rule_n the_o course_n of_o money_n and_o commodity_n by_o the_o disorder_n whereof_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o riches_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n do_v so_o much_o decrease_v as_o it_o be_v not_o always_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o wise_a that_o have_v the_o manage_n of_o the_o government_n thereof_o to_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o best_a and_o to_o banish_v the_o worst_a but_o must_v not_o only_o obey_v the_o tempest_n and_o strike_v sail_n but_o also_o cast_v over_o board_n some_o precious_a thing_n to_o save_v the_o ship_n and_o bring_v it_o into_o a_o safe_a port_n and_o afterward_o by_o degree_n overcome_v great_a thing_n change_v the_o estate_n thereof_o from_o evil_a to_o good_a and_o from_o good_a to_o better_v which_o otherwise_o may_v have_v be_v prevent_v in_o the_o begin_n by_o remove_v the_o cause_n thereof_o to_o your_o most_o honourable_a judgement_n i_o refer_v the_o consideration_n of_o all_o and_o pray_v the_o almighty_a to_o have_v your_o honour_n in_o his_o divine_a protection_n and_o so_o in_o all_o humility_n i_o take_v leave_n london_n this_o 16._o of_o januarie_n 1603._o your_o lordship_n most_o humble_a and_o in_o all_o duty_n bind_v gerrard_n de_fw-fr malynes_n england_n view_n a_o sentence_n allege_v without_o application_n to_o some_o purpose_n be_v to_o handle_v a_o matter_n without_o conclusion_n and_o he_o that_o will_v attribute_v unto_o any_o man_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o essential_a part_n ground_n or_o pillar_n of_o any_o science_n must_v make_v apparent_a proof_n thereof_o otherwise_o his_o assertion_n be_v like_a cloud_n and_o wind_n without_o rain_n or_o like_o a_o arrow_n shoot_v at_o random_n quòd_fw-la oportet_fw-la patremfamilias_a vendacem_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la emacem_fw-la be_v a_o worthy_a sentence_n to_o be_v due_o execute_v of_o all_o good_a householder_n or_o father_n of_o family_n especial_o of_o prince_n that_o be_v the_o father_n of_o the_o great_a family_n of_o commonweal_n who_o as_o justinian_n say_v be_v to_o provide_v careful_o for_o the_o two_o season_n namely_o the_o time_n of_o war_n when_o arm_n be_v necessary_a and_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n more_o fit_v wholesome_a law_n in_o both_o which_o it_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v that_o the_o office_n of_o a_o prince_n be_v whole_o employ_v about_o the_o government_n of_o the_o person_n of_o man_n and_o of_o thing_n convenient_a and_o fit_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o humane_a society_n according_a to_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o heathen_n but_o rather_o in_o the_o observation_n of_o religion_n towards_o god_n and_o administration_n of_o justice_n towards_o man_n the_o one_o teach_v we_o especial_o of_o the_o life_n to_o come_v &_o the_o other_o how_o we_o shall_v live_v in_o this_o life_n religion_n do_v knit_v and_o unite_v the_o spirit_n of_o man_n whereby_o they_o live_v obedient_o in_o unity_n peace_n and_o concord_n and_o justice_n be_v as_o a_o measure_n ordain_v by_o god_n among_o man_n to_o defend_v the_o feeble_a from_o the_o mighty_a hence_o proceed_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o sedition_n and_o civil_a war_n be_v the_o denial_n of_o justice_n oppression_n of_o the_o common-people_n inequal_a distribution_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n the_o exceed_a riches_n of_o a_o small_a number_n the_o extreme_a poverty_n of_o many_o the_o overgreat_a idleness_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o the_o not_o punish_v of_o offender_n which_o bring_v destruction_n of_o commonweal_n religion_n do_v teach_v the_o fear_n of_o god_n which_o make_v a_o good_a man_n and_o be_v indeed_o the_o beginning_n of_o a_o prince_n for_o since_o prince_n reign_v by_o wisdom_n and_o that_o the_o fear_n of_o god_n be_v the_o beginning_n thereof_o we_o must_v conclude_v that_o it_o be_v the_o beginning_n also_o of_o a_o virtuous_a and_o wise_a prince_n now_o as_o prince_n reign_v by_o god_n so_o must_v they_o be_v direct_v by_o he_o yea_o they_o reign_v best_a and_o long_a that_o serve_v he_o best_a and_o most_o serve_v he_o they_o can_v but_o according_a to_o his_o will_n and_o his_o will_n be_v not_o know_v but_o by_o his_o word_n and_o law_n which_o make_v the_o prophet_n david_n to_o meditate_v therein_o day_n and_o night_n prefer_v the_o cause_n of_o faith_n or_o religion_n before_o temporal_a commodity_n and_o this_o be_v proper_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a point_n that_o the_o prince_n be_v to_o regard_v whereunto_o the_o other_o be_v annex_v and_o do_v depend_v upon_o for_o as_o justice_n be_v administer_v and_o prescribe_v by_o law_n and_o custom_n so_o reason_n require_v that_o this_o gradation_n shall_v be_v observe_v concern_v all_o law_n that_o even_o as_o the_o will_n contract_n or_o testament_n of_o particular_a man_n can_v derogate_v the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o the_o order_n of_o the_o magistrate_n can_v abolish_v custom_n nor_o the_o custom_n can_v abridge_v the_o general_a law_n of_o a_o absolute_a prince_n no_o more_o can_v the_o law_n of_o prince_n alter_v or_o change_v the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n by_o justice_n proper_o call_v distributive_a be_v the_o harmony_n of_o the_o member_n of_o a_o commonweal_n maintain_v in_o good_a concord_n howbeit_o much_o hinder_v where_o usury_n be_v tolerate_v which_o give_v cause_n of_o discord_n some_o few_o wax_a thereby_o too_o rich_a and_o many_o extreme_a poor_a the_o operation_n of_o effect_n whereof_o be_v declare_v by_o i_o under_o certain_a simile_n or_o metaphor_n in_o the_o treatise_n of_o saint_n george_n for_o england_n by_o justice_n proper_o call_v commutative_a be_v the_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n with_o other_o nation_n maintain_v observe_v a_o kind_n of_o equality_n which_o be_v requisite_a in_o every_o well_o govern_v commonwealth_n where_o providence_n and_o policy_n cause_v the_o prince_n the_o father_n of_o the_o great_a family_n to_o sell_v more_o than_o he_o buy_v or_o else_o the_o wealth_n and_o treasure_n of_o his_o realm_n
do_v send_v unto_o the_o duchess_n while_o her_o husband_n be_v in_o germany_n desire_v she_o to_o value_v the_o angel_n at_o 10_o shilling_n flemish_n but_o he_o can_v not_o obtain_v the_o same_o which_o seem_v very_o strange_a consider_v that_o the_o advance_v of_o the_o price_n of_o money_n do_v cause_n the_o money_n to_o be_v transport_v to_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v advance_v whereby_o all_o the_o angel_n may_v have_v be_v carry_v into_o her_o dominion_n but_o she_o like_o a_o wise_a and_o politic_a duchess_n cause_v the_o matter_n to_o be_v examine_v and_o consider_v of_o send_v man_n skilful_a in_o mint_n cause_n into_o england_n and_o find_v that_o the_o golden_a fleece_n aliâs_fw-la toison_n d'or_fw-la be_v the_o money_n than_o most_o currant_n with_o she_o and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v worth_a both_o in_o regard_n of_o weight_n &_o fineness_n asmuch_o as_o the_o angel_n &_o be_v also_o value_v at_o 9_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n she_o can_v not_o grant_v the_o king_n request_n without_o alter_v also_o her_o money_n unless_o she_o will_v have_v suffer_v the_o english_a merchant_n to_o bring_v angel_n unto_o she_o for_o 10_o shilling_n and_o to_o carry_v away_o the_o golden_a fleece_n for_o 9_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n to_o be_v convert_v into_o angel_n to_o the_o great_a loss_n of_o her_o dominion_n both_o in_o the_o money_n and_o to_o leave_v the_o commodity_n of_o her_o country_n unuent_v so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v a_o gain_n upon_o the_o money_n which_o abate_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n these_o two_o paradox_n be_v thus_o unmask_v be_v easy_o conceive_v of_o any_o man_n of_o judgement_n to_o be_v far_o from_o the_o truth_n and_o therefore_o will_v the_o understanding_n thereof_o be_v account_v a_o matter_n of_o small_a moment_n as_o all_o thing_n else_o be_v when_o they_o be_v know_v like_v unto_o the_o egg_n of_o columbus_n who_o have_v discover_v the_o west_n indies_n and_o hear_v some_o say_v at_o a_o dinner_n that_o if_o he_o have_v not_o do_v it_o another_o might_n and_o will_v call_v for_o a_o egg_n and_o will_v all_o the_o guest_n one_o after_o another_o to_o set_v it_o up_o on_o end_n which_o when_o they_o can_v not_o do_v he_o gentle_o bruise_v the_o one_o end_n of_o it_o do_v make_v it_o flat_a or_o rather_o by_o swing_v do_v break_v the_o yolk_n within_o and_o so_o set_v it_o up_o show_v how_o easy_a it_o be_v to_o do_v that_o which_o a_o man_n have_v see_v do_v before_o he_o now_o let_v we_o examine_v the_o answer_n of_o master_n bodine_n master_n malestroit_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o three_o hundred_o year_n as_o be_v before_o show_v but_o master_n bodine_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o show_v five_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n as_o we_o have_v also_o declare_v whereunto_o for_o a_o general_a and_o direct_a answer_n by_o way_n of_o replication_n we_o say_v that_o to_o show_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o be_v of_o small_a moment_n the_o true_a ground_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v by_o he_o mistake_v which_o true_a ground_n must_v be_v by_o make_v a_o comparison_n of_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o one_o country_n with_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o other_o country_n and_o thereby_o to_o find_v out_o whether_o thing_n be_v grow_v dear_a with_o we_o in_o effect_n and_o whether_o we_o pay_v more_o proportionable_o for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n within_o the_o aforesaid_a time_n of_o three_o hundred_o year_n than_o we_o do_v receive_v for_o the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n for_o if_o we_o do_v now_o pay_v more_o for_o corn_n wine_n and_o all_o other_o victual_n and_o sell_v our_o commodity_n for_o more_o than_o we_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v proportionable_o here_o be_v no_o alteration_n in_o effect_n but_o in_o name_n only_o so_o long_o as_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o money_n be_v not_o alter_v in_o property_n but_o if_o we_o sell_v our_o commodity_n dear_a and_o buy_v our_o victual_n dear_a than_o heretofore_o and_o that_o over_o and_o above_o the_o price_n thereof_o we_o must_v pay_v far_o dear_a for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n then_o proportionable_o the_o price_n of_o our_o commodity_n be_v rise_v this_o cause_v we_o to_o be_v alose_o in_o particular_a and_o bring_v by_o a_o overbalancing_a of_o foreign_a commodity_n with_o our_o home_n commodity_n a_o general_a loss_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o to_o supply_v cause_v we_o to_o make_v up_o the_o inequality_n with_o money_n which_o be_v the_o treasure_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o consideration_n than_o must_v be_v not_o to_o compare_v thing_n within_o themselves_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n where_o we_o do_v live_v but_o between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n with_o who_o we_o deal_v either_o by_o way_n of_o permutation_n of_o commodity_n for_o commodity_n or_o commodity_n for_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la or_o by_o exchange_n so_o that_o we_o must_v examine_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o three_o simple_n under_o the_o which_o all_o the_o trade_n and_o traffic_n be_v perform_v whereof_o we_o shall_v entreat_v when_o we_o shall_v have_v examine_v the_o matter_n by_o he_o allege_v in_o particular_a the_o five_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n by_o he_o allege_v be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v according_a to_o our_o form_n observation_n for_o the_o first_o &_o last_o cause_n concern_v plenty_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n may_v be_v cause_n that_o general_o thing_n be_v dear_a but_o the_o other_o three_o touch_v monopoly_n the_o want_n and_o waste_v of_o thing_n and_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n can_v but_o make_v thing_n particular_o dear_a according_a to_o the_o use_n thereof_o wherein_o the_o time_n make_v also_o now_o and_o then_o a_o alteration_n upon_o occasion_n as_o when_o arm_n be_v dear_a in_o time_n of_o war_n then_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n victual_n in_o time_n of_o famine_n wood_n in_o winter_n and_o water_n in_o desert_n place_n and_o such_o like_a see_v then_o that_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v not_o only_o the_o commodity_n of_o a_o country_n dear_a but_o that_o they_o be_v also_o nerui_fw-la bellorum_fw-la the_o sinew_n of_o war_n every_o prince_n be_v to_o have_v a_o singular_a care_n for_o the_o preservation_n and_o augmentation_n thereof_o especial_o those_o prince_n that_o have_v no_o mine_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n within_o their_o dominion_n or_o such_o as_o have_v have_v they_o and_o be_v now_o without_o they_o the_o gold_n be_v wont_a to_o come_v much_o out_o of_o the_o mountain_n of_o boheme_n and_o river_n of_o pannonia_n and_o swaden_n out_o of_o spain_n there_o be_v wont_a to_o come_v both_o out_o of_o the_o river_n and_o monntaine_n above_o 20_o thousand_o pound_n weight_n yearly_a which_o be_v all_o exhaust_v than_o it_o come_v from_o the_o west_n indies_n first_o from_o santo_n domingo_n and_o other_o place_n where_o it_o do_v also_o cease_v now_o it_o come_v from_o peru_n by_o certain_a million_o which_o will_v also_o take_v a_o end_n the_o silver_n be_v bring_v also_o from_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o be_v much_o find_v in_o germany_n but_o be_v now_o in_o many_o place_n draw_v out_o the_o most_o noble_a king_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v always_o have_v a_o singular_a care_n to_o accumulate_v treasure_n deem_v therefore_o that_o it_o be_v neither_o expedient_a nor_o convenient_a for_o they_o to_o suffer_v the_o transportation_n of_o their_o money_n or_o bullion_n out_o of_o the_o same_o as_o by_o diverse_a act_n of_o parliament_n may_v be_v see_v whereby_o it_o be_v make_v felony_n for_o the_o space_n of_o many_o year_n continue_v william_n the_o conqueror_n cause_v a_o description_n to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o land_n to_o be_v measure_v reserve_v so_o much_o thereof_o as_o he_o think_v convenient_a for_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o rest_n he_o divide_v among_o his_o baron_n and_o knight_n who_o do_v pay_v he_o therefore_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n whereby_o he_o do_v gather_v a_o treasure_n henry_n the_o second_o succeed_v he_o within_o one_o hundred_o year_n have_v have_v many_o great_a war_n and_o join_v ireland_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n conquer_a also_o scotland_n and_o reduce_v normandy_n and_o other_o place_n in_o france_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o have_v reign_v 35_o year_n have_v never_o cause_v to_o impose_v any_o tribute_n subsidy_n or_o tax_v upon_o his_o subject_n and_o leave_v notwithstanding_o behind_o he_o in_o treasure_n 900_o thousand_o pound_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v not_o only_o a_o great_a matter_n the_o west_n indies_n not_o be_v discover_v but_o also_o for_o
measure_n of_o land_n be_v but_o esteem_v to_o have_v 4400_o thousand_o family_n and_o five_o person_n to_o every_o family_n which_o be_v but_o 22000_o thousand_o person_n the_o commodity_n of_o france_n be_v not_o so_o rich_a and_o of_o estimation_n as_o the_o commodity_n of_o england_n much_o less_o the_o commodity_n of_o denmark_n russia_n poland_n and_o other_o great_a country_n wherefore_o let_v we_o now_o examine_v for_o the_o second_o point_n concern_v artificial_a riches_n the_o goodness_n of_o our_o commodity_n master_n bodine_n do_v call_v salt_n to_o be_v their_o manna_n and_o we_o may_v call_v our_o wool_n to_o be_v the_o golden_a fleece_n which_o we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o seek_v in_o colchos_n but_o here_o in_o england_n in_o regard_n both_o of_o their_o goodness_n and_o quantity_n great_a be_v the_o loss_n and_o hindrance_n which_o the_o realm_n receive_v by_o the_o licence_n which_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o give_v unto_o king_n john_n of_o arragon_n for_o to_o 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do_v not_o yield_v such_o quantity_n thereof_o as_o in_o other_o country_n which_o have_v a_o better_a temperature_n of_o climate_n to_o that_o effect_n howbeit_o great_a store_n will_v be_v find_v if_o man_n do_v endeavour_n to_o find_v the_o same_o as_o for_o any_o thing_n we_o can_v as_o yet_o learn_v one_o man_n only_o have_v bestow_v extraordinary_a charge_n therein_o as_o some_o have_v do_v for_o the_o copper_n which_o by_o their_o mean_n be_v find_v somewhat_o plentiful_a whereby_o with_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o calamine_n stone_n many_o manual_a thing_n be_v now_o make_v within_o the_o realm_n by_o mill_n and_o otherwise_o which_o heretofore_o be_v bring_v unto_o us._n and_o now_o let_v we_o speak_v of_o the_o particular_n as_o of_o lead_n tin_n and_o iron_n our_o lead_n whereof_o we_o have_v abundance_n do_v exceed_v in_o goodness_n that_o of_o germany_n and_o other_o country_n and_o contain_v more_o silver_n than_o they_o which_o be_v black_a hard_a and_o unclean_a and_o therefore_o serve_v they_o to_o make_v piece_n of_o ordinance_n whereof_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswick_n have_v good_a store_n but_o iron_n be_v far_o better_a for_o that_o purpose_n and_o that_o which_o be_v find_v in_o other_o place_n be_v not_o comparable_a unto_o we_o neither_o have_v any_o prince_n the_o like_a tin_n a_o most_o royal_a commodity_n be_v exceed_v in_o goodness_n all_o other_o tin_n find_v elsewhere_o which_o be_v but_o little_a as_o it_o be_v not_o very_o abundant_a with_o us._n for_o all_o our_o mine_n do_v not_o yield_v above_o 10_o or_o 12_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n weight_n yearly_a at_o the_o most_o which_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o use_n thereof_o be_v and_o have_v be_v sell_v by_o we_o very_o good_a cheap_a especial_o in_o such_o place_n from_o whence_o we_o bring_v very_o corruptible_a commodity_n of_o wine_n raisin_n prune_n current_a &_o such_o like_a give_v they_o this_o &_o the_o like_a staple_n commodity_n for_o they_o we_o have_v note_v how_o of_o late_a year_n gold_n silver_n copper_n iron_z and_o lead_v have_v be_v find_v more_o plentiful_o then_o in_o time_n past_a but_o we_o can_v say_v so_o of_o tin_n the_o use_n thereof_o in_o turkey_n and_o other_o place_n be_v consider_v by_o reason_n whereof_o if_o heretofore_o the_o proportion_n of_o metal_n observe_v by_o the_o german_n and_o other_o nation_n be_v 150_o pound_n weight_n of_o copper_n to_o one_o pound_n of_o silver_n or_o 700_o pound_n of_o iron_n 600_o p._n of_o lead_v or_o 25_o pound_n of_o quicksilver_n and_o but_o one_o hundred_o p._n of_o tin_n much_o more_o ought_v we_o to_o diminish_v this_o proportion_v consider_v as_o aforesaid_a the_o great_a quantity_n of_o all_o other_o metal_n find_v in_o diverse_a place_n and_o but_o this_o small_a parcel_n of_o tin_n of_o that_o rare_a goodness_n find_v only_o in_o england_n where_o above_o 80_o year_n past_a the_o price_n thereof_o be_v about_o forty_o shilling_n the_o hundred_o when_o anounce_v of_o silver_n be_v esteem_v forty_o penny_n and_o when_o the_o best_a velvet_n be_v sell_v for_o ten_o shilling_n the_o yard_n and_o omit_v to_o speak_v of_o saltpetre_n coppresse_z allume_v and_o such_o like_a mineral_n whereof_o we_o have_v great_a store_n let_v we_o conclude_v with_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o seacole_n that_o be_v find_v in_o england_n the_o price_n whereof_o might_n with_o more_o reason_n be_v far_o advance_v above_o the_o price_n of_o salt_n the_o manna_n of_o france_n see_v that_o as_o master_n bodine_n have_v note_v of_o all_o mine_n the_o mine_n hereof_o can_v be_v exhaust_v and_o so_o can_v salt_n be_v which_o with_o less_o labour_n do_v in_o a_o manner_n rain_n from_o heaven_n under_o their_o climate_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o wood_n be_v not_o only_o decrease_v with_o we_o but_o also_o with_o other_o nation_n that_o shall_v in_o time_n have_v as_o much_o need_n of_o our_o coal_n as_o we_o of_o their_o salt_n whereof_o the_o impost_n in_o france_n amount_v to_o 450_o thousand_o pound_n starling_n yearly_o as_o the_o matter_n be_v handle_v safforne_o and_o coney_n skin_n be_v two_o commodity_n exceed_v also_o in_o goodness_n likewise_o corn_n bear_v fell_n tallow_n hop_n wood_n hose_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n be_v all_o better_a than_o the_o like_a have_v in_o other_o country_n and_o so_o may_v leather_n be_v if_o the_o law_n do_v suffer_v it_o to_o be_v dress_v according_o for_o albeit_o that_o the_o difference_n of_o water_n in_o goodness_n for_o that_o purpose_n make_v a_o alteration_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v qualify_v and_o make_v serviceable_a to_o that_o effect_n our_o wax_n be_v also_o better_a than_o that_o of_o moscovia_n and_o the_o east_n country_n and_o this_o be_v a_o commodity_n have_v with_o little_a labour_n and_o without_o the_o use_n of_o much_o ground_n and_o of_o late_a
do_v decrease_v and_o it_o be_v his_o expense_n do_v become_v great_a or_o surmount_v his_o income_n and_o revenue_n this_o kind_n of_o equality_n be_v interrupt_v and_o overthrow_v by_o the_o merchandize_v exchange_n as_o in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n be_v declare_v for_o as_o all_o the_o trade_n and_o traffic_v between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n be_v perform_v by_o three_o simple_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n so_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v be_v the_o course_n of_o exchange_n be_v abuse_v become_v predominant_a and_o overrule_a the_o course_n of_o money_n and_o commodity_n whereby_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n do_v decrease_v and_o this_o wealth_n can_v proper_o increase_v but_o two_o manner_n of_o way_n namely_o by_o bring_v of_o money_n and_o bullion_n into_o the_o realm_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o buy_v for_o our_o money_n or_o barter_v by_o way_n of_o permutation_n for_o our_o commodity_n and_o by_o buy_v the_o foreign_a commodity_n better_o cheap_a than_o we_o sell_v our_o home_n commodity_n and_o so_o may_v the_o father_n of_o the_o great_a family_n become_v a_o seller_n and_o not_o a_o buyer_n as_o be_v before_o allege_v we_o have_v heretofore_o note_v the_o property_n of_o money_n to_o be_v that_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v general_o thing_n dear_a and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n make_v likewise_o general_o thing_n good_a cheap_a whereas_o thing_n be_v also_o particular_o dear_a or_o good_a cheap_a according_a to_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o or_o the_o use_n of_o they_o according_a to_o which_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n aforesaid_a thing_n general_o become_v dear_a or_o cheap_a whereunto_o the_o great_a store_n or_o abundance_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n which_o of_o late_a year_n be_v come_v from_o the_o west_n indies_n into_o europe_n have_v make_v every_o thing_n dear_a according_a to_o the_o increase_n of_o money_n which_o like_v unto_o a_o ocean_n divide_v her_o course_n into_o several_a branch_n in_o diverse_a country_n have_v cause_v a_o great_a alteration_n and_o enhance_a of_o the_o price_n of_o every_o thing_n and_o most_o especial_o because_o the_o money_n itself_o be_v alter_v in_o valuation_n in_o most_o country_n so_o that_o the_o measure_n be_v alter_v and_o make_v lesser_a by_o denomination_n there_o go_v more_o number_n to_o make_v up_o the_o tale_n and_o of_o necessity_n other_o thing_n go_v and_o be_v name_v according_o in_o price_n for_o money_n must_v always_o remain_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o square_a to_o set_v a_o price_n unto_o every_o thing_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v publica_n mensura_fw-la the_o public_a measure_n whereby_o the_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v set_v to_o maintain_v a_o certain_a equality_n in_o buy_v and_o sell_v to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o thing_n may_v equal_o pass_v by_o trade_n from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o this_o money_n must_v have_v his_o stand_a valuation_n only_o by_o public_a authority_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o who_o proper_o belong_v the_o dispose_n thereof_o as_o a_o matter_n annex_v to_o his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n and_o as_o the_o money_n do_v set_v a_o price_n to_o the_o natural_a riches_n of_o land_n so_o do_v it_o also_o set_v a_o price_n to_o the_o artificial_a riches_n proceed_v of_o the_o land_n and_o therefore_o reason_n require_v a_o certain_a equality_n between_o the_o natural_a riches_n and_o the_o artificial_a riches_n that_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v thing_n dear_a be_v find_v by_o daily_a experience_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o bullion_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n or_o the_o same_o convert_v into_o money_n but_o so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v in_o bullion_n it_o remain_v in_o nature_n of_o commodity_n which_o be_v give_v by_o way_n of_o permutation_n or_o barter_n in_o exchange_n for_o other_o commodity_n plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o commodity_n do_v also_o alter_v the_o price_n of_o the_o thing_n want_v or_o abound_v according_a to_o the_o use_n thereof_o which_o be_v ground_v upon_o estimation_n by_o consent_n after_o the_o pleasure_n and_o sensuality_n of_o man_n the_o history_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n make_v mention_v that_o during_o the_o great_a quantity_n or_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n that_o be_v find_v about_o fourscore_o year_n past_a and_o the_o rareness_n of_o other_o thing_n a_o cloak_n of_o cloth_n be_v sell_v in_o peru_n for_o a_o thousand_o ducat_n a_o pair_n of_o breech_n of_o cloth_n for_o three_o hundred_o ducat_n a_o good_a horse_n four_o or_o five_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o other_o thing_n then_o in_o use_n and_o rare_a according_o the_o roman_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o persian_n bring_v such_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o rome_n that_o the_o price_n of_o land_n do_v rise_v above_o two_o three_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a concern_v scarcity_n of_o money_n grafton_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o england_n have_v record_v that_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o have_v great_a war_n with_o france_n and_o scotland_n and_o incorporate_n the_o money_n into_o his_o hand_n for_o the_o maintenance_n thereof_o cause_v through_o the_o lack_n of_o money_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n so_o to_o fall_v that_o a_o quarter_n of_o wheat_n be_v sell_v for_o two_o shilling_n a_o fat_a ox_n for_o a_o noble_a a_o sheep_n for_o six_o penny_n and_o other_o thing_n after_o the_o rate_n the_o consideration_n of_o the_o premise_n make_v the_o two_o paradox_n of_o master_n malestroit_n one_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o french_a king_n exchequer_n to_o be_v most_o paradoxical_a that_o be_v to_o say_v far_o differ_v from_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n which_o paradox_n upon_o complaint_n of_o the_o people_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n in_o france_n he_o present_v unto_o the_o king_n thereby_o to_o qualify_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o complaint_n the_o substance_n whereof_o i_o have_v think_v most_o expedient_a to_o set_v down_o and_o the_o answer_n also_o which_o master_n john_n bodine_n the_o great_a politician_n or_o commonwealth_n man_n of_o france_n have_v make_v thereunto_o together_o with_o my_o explication_n thereof_o and_o replication_n to_o his_o answer_n whereby_o the_o truth_n will_v appear_v and_o how_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v of_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonweal_n the_o first_o paradox_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o general_a dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o france_n be_v without_o cause_n see_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o grow_v dearer_o these_o three_o hundred_o year_n the_o second_o paradox_n there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v lose_v upon_o a_o crown_n or_o any_o other_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n albeit_o one_o do_v give_v the_o same_o in_o payment_n at_o the_o price_n he_o do_v receive_v the_o same_o since_o that_o the_o ancient_a permutation_n say_v he_o have_v be_v change_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o that_o the_o first_o riches_n of_o man_n which_o do_v consist_v of_o cattle_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n whereby_o all_o thing_n have_v receive_v their_o estimation_n and_o have_v be_v praise_v and_o sell_v for_o it_o follow_v that_o those_o metal_n be_v the_o right_a judge_n of_o the_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o can_v say_v that_o any_o thing_n be_v now_o dear_a than_o it_o be_v three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o unless_o that_o for_o the_o buy_v thereof_o we_o must_v now_o give_v more_o gold_n or_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o but_o for_o the_o buy_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o do_v not_o give_v now_o more_o gold_n or_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o say_v he_o therefore_o since_o that_o time_n nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o france_n to_o prove_v this_o he_o do_v allege_v that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n in_o the_o year_n 1328._o the_o french_a crown_n of_o the_o flower-de-luce_n as_o good_a in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n as_o the_o french_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n now_o be_v then_o worth_a but_o twenty_o sol_n tournois_fw-fr which_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n be_v value_v according_a to_o the_o common_a computation_n of_o ten_o sol_n for_o a_o shilling_n starling_n be_v two_o shilling_n in_o those_o day_n say_v he_o the_o french_a ell_n or_o yard_n of_o velvet_n be_v worth_a four_o liver_n which_o be_v four_o crown_n or_o 8_o shilling_n starling_n the_o say_a yard_n of_o velvet_n do_v now_o cost_v ten_o liver_n or_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o the_o french_a crown_n which_o be_v then_o value_v at_o two_o shilling_n be_v now_o value_v at_o fifty_o sol_n or_o five_o shilling_n so_o that_o four_o crown_n do_v make_v the_o say_v 20_o shilling_n yet_o the_o say_a french_a crown_n do_v contain_v no_o more_o in_o gold_n in_o weight_n or_o in_o fineness_n then_o before_o whereby_o there_o
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rent_n levy_v upon_o the_o city_n of_o paris_n be_v bring_v to_o amount_v unto_o 3_o million_o and_o three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o pound_n tournois_fw-fr yearly_a and_o the_o city_n will_v be_v much_o rich_a if_o there_o be_v a_o house_n as_o at_o genes_n call_v the_o house_n of_o s._n george_n which_o take_v all_o the_o money_n that_o man_n will_v bring_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o 5_o upon_o the_o 100_o and_o do_v deliver_v out_o the_o same_o to_o the_o merchant_n to_o traffic_v therewith_o after_o two_o and_o three_o upon_o the_o hundred_o like_v as_o the_o great_a emperor_n antony_n and_o alexander_n severus_n do_v which_o do_v deliver_v money_n at_o 4_o per_fw-la 100_o and_o augustus_n deliver_v money_n free_o without_o interest_n to_o they_o that_o will_v give_v surety_n to_o restore_v double_a the_o value_n if_o they_o do_v not_o pay_v it_o at_o the_o time_n limit_v by_o these_o mean_v their_o subject_n get_v much_o and_o prince_n be_v not_o drive_v to_o borrow_v 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