Earl John refuses to treat with the Norman Nobility about the Kings release Iohn soon after Christmass passed into Normandy where the Seneschal and other great men met him and desired he would go to Alencon to treat with them about the Kings affairs and the freeing him from Imprisonment [3] Ibid. n. 40 Unless they would accept him for their Lord which they refuse he told them if they would receive him as their Lord and Swear Fealty to him he would go with them and undertake their Defence against the King of France but otherwise not The Noblemen of Normandy refused his proposals hoping to see their King again From thence [4] Ibid. He does Homage to the King of France for Normandy c. the Earl went to the King of France and did Homage to him for Normandy and the other Dominions of his Brother beyond Sea and as it was reported for England and Swore he would take to Wife his Sister Alice and then quiet Claymed or Released to the King of France Gisors and whole Veuxin Norman And he gave him with his Sister That part of Flanders he had in his possession and Swore he would do his utmost to help him to Gain England and his Brothers other Dominion Then he [5] Ibid. n. 50. He returns into England and demands the Kingdom alledging the King was dead returned into England carrying many strangers with him and had the Castles of Windsor and Wallingford delivered to him from whence he came to London and demanded the Kingdom from the Archbâ—shop of Roven and the other Justices that is the Commissioners for the Government of England and the Fealties of the Military Tenants Vassals or Feudataries of the Kingdom Affirming his Brother the King was Dead Deinde ipse Comes venit Lundonias à Roâ—homagensi Archiepiscopo caeteris Justiciariis Angliae petiit sibi Regnum fidelitates hominum Regni affirmans Qâ—od Rex Angliae frater suus mortuus Erat. But they believed him not And when he saw he was [6] Ibidem b. lin 1. c. The Justiciaries reject him and secure all the Ports rejected by the Justiciaries and great men he swelled with fury Portifyed his places of Strength and Invaded his Brothers Lands in an Hostile manner The Justiciaries had so well secured the Ports as neither French or Flemmings that had promised him assistance dare attempt to Land in England They Besieged Windsor Castle [7] Ibid. n. 20. They raise an Army to oppose him The Archbishop of York Hugh Bardolfe one of the Kings Justiciaries and Sheriff of Yorkshire and William de Stutevill raise an Army in that Country and marched to Doncaster which they fortifyed [8] Ibid. n. 30. The Archbishop would have gone on and Besieged Tikehill a Castle belonging to Earl Iohn but the other two would not Consent to it because they were his men or Feudataries quia erant homines Comitis Iohanis After Easter the [9] Ibid. n. 10 Abbats of Boxley and Roberts-Bridge that had been sent by the Justiciaries to the King came Back and reported the Agreement made between him and the Emperor But the King not returning all men wondered at his stay in Germany and doubted what was become of him and whether he would return or not Whereupon the Aâ—chbishop of Roven and the other Justiciaries although they had forced Earl Iohn to a Complyance A truce made with Earl John and even taken the Castle of Windsor yet they made a Truce with him until the Feast of All Saints [1] Ibid. f. 413. a. lin 1. c. The Castles of Notingham and Tikehill remaining in his Custody as they were before and the Castles of Windsor Walingford and Pec were Delivered to the Queen Mother and were to be Redelivered to the Earl if the King returned not the mean While Soon after this [2] Ibid. n. 10. The King writes to his Subjects to send money for his Release Truce the King sent to the Archbishops all the Bishops Abbats Earls Barons Clercs and Free-tenants Francos tenentes or Tenents in Capite and desired all the Clergy and Laity would give him such an aid to redeem him as he might thank them for it The Emperor wrote to the same purpose and the Pope who Threatned the Kingdom with an Interdict unless the King were speedily freed from Prison and wrote to the King of France that he would anathematize his Kingdom unless he forbear to trouble the King of England while he was Prisoner [3] Ibid. n 30. The great instrument of reconciliation between the Emperor and King Richard was the Chancellor The price of his Redemption was 140000 marks Charissimus Cancellarius noster Willielmus Eliensis Episcopus as the King Stiles him in his Letter And the price of his Redemption was Seven score thousand Marks of Silver The Emperor and Kings [4] Ibid. b. n. 20. Append n. 76. A. D. 1193. Letters both bear Date the 19th of April at Hagenou By Authority of the [5] Ibid. f. 413. b. n. 10. How and upon whom this Sum was levied and raised Kings letters the Queen Mother and the Justices determined That all Clercs and Laics should pay a fourth part of their Revenues that year for the Redemption of the King and that they should add so much of their Moveables or upon their Moveables for which the King should Con or Ken them thanks and upon every Knights Fee they charged 20 s. and ordered the Abby's and Houses of the Cistertians and the order of Semplingham should contribute all their Wooll that year and That all the Gold and Silver the Churches were possessed of should be brought forth and delivered for the same purpose Autoritate Literarum istarum these words follow immediately after the Date of the Kings Letters Mater Regis Justiciarii Angliae statuerunt quod universi tam Clerici quam Laici quâ—rtam partem redditus sui de hoc anno darent ad redemptionem Domini Regis tantum superadderent de Mobilibus suis unde rex debet eis gratias Scire de unoquoque feodo Militis viginti Solidos de Abbatiis ordinis Cistrensis de Domibus Ordinis Semplingham totam lanam suam de hoc Anno Vniversum Aurum Argentum Ecclesiarum sicut Rex in Mandato suo praeceperat [6] f. 413. a. n. 40. The Gold and Silver taken out of the Churches to be restored The Gold and Silver that belonged to the Churches the King only Borrowed and his Justiciaires and Barons made Oath he should fully restore it again About this [7] Ibid. b. n. 40. The Chancellor returns into England to manage the Kings business Matter the Chancellor came into England and in great humility went to St. Albans where the Queen Mother the Archbishop of Roven and the other Justiciaires alii Justiciarii Domini Regis met him and there produced a [8] Ibid. n. 30. Golden
* Easter Day was this year on the tenth of April What the King of Scots Demands of King Richard were Easter at Winchester and on that day went to Chipston in the same County to meet William King of Scots who as they Journyed together toward Winchester Demanded of the King the Dignities and Honors his Predecessors had in England and also Demanded the Counties of Northumberland Cumberland Westmerland and Lancaster to be restored to him as the right of his Predecessors The King [9] Ibid. n. 30. King Richards Answer answered him he would satisfie him by advice of his Earls and Barons They staid at Northampton on the tenth and eleventh of April where the King having deliberated and advised with his Bishops Earls and Barons Rex habito cum Episcopis Comitibus Baronibus suis cum Deliberatione Consilio Respondet c. gave him this Answer That as to his Demand of Northumberland he ought not then to have made it when all the Princes of France were become his Enemies for if he granted it it would seem he did it out of fear and not out of Affection Yet the King [1] Ibid. n. 40.50 His Grant to the King of Scots then by his Chart granted to him and his Heirs for ever in the presence of the Queen Mother Hubert Archbishop of Canturbury Hugh Bishop of Durham Iocelin Bishop of Glasco and many other Clercs and Laics of both Kingdoms That when ever they were summoned to the King of Englands Court The Bishop of Durham and Sherif of Northumberland should receive him at the River Twede and bring him to the River Tese and there the Archbishop of York and Sherif of Yorkshire should receive and conduct him to the Borders of that County and so the Bishops of the Diocess and Sherifs should Conduct him from County to County until he came to the Kings Court And from the Time he Entred England he was to receive every day of the Kings Purse an hundred Shillings de Liberatione of allowance or Livery and after he came to the King and so long as he staid there he was to have every day de Liberatione of Allowance thirty Shillings and twelve of the Kings fine Loaves or Cakes duodecim Wastellos Dominicos and twelve of the Kings Biscuits or Simnel Loaves made of fine Wheat flower and twice baked duodecim Simenellos Dominicos and four Gallons of the Kings Wine and eight Gallons of Ordinary Wine and two pounds of Pepper and two pounds of Cumin and two Cakes of Wax weighing each eight or twelve pounds duas petras de Cera and four wax Candels and fourty great long Candels of the Kings Candels quadraginta longos grossos Colpones de Candela Dominica Regis and fourscore Ordinary Candels and when he returned into his Country he was to be conducted by the Bishops and Sherifs to the River Twede and to be allowed an hundred shillings a day This Charter was [2] Ibid. f. 4â— a. n. 10. Delivered to William King of Scots at the Town of Northampton on the 12th of April 1194. being Easter Tuesday by the hands of William Bishop of Ely the Kings Chancellor * Ibid. n. 30. Godfrey Bishop of Winton disseised On the 15th the King came to Winchester and Disseised Godfrey the Bishop of the Castle and County of Winton and the two Maners he had bought of him before his Expedition to Ierusalem and the greatest part of his Patrimony After the Coronation [3] Ibid. b. n. 20. on the 19th of this month Hugh Bâ—shop of Durham on his own Accord would have Delivered to the King the County of Northumberland with the Castles and other Appurtenances The King ordered him to deliver them to Hugh Bardolf The King of Scots offered 15000 Marks for them saying his Father and his Brother Malcolm held them of the Gift of King Henry the Second he might have had the County without the Castles for that money but refused it The Prisoners [4] Ibid. n. 30. The Prisoners taken in Earl Johns Castle were some imprisoned and others gave security that were taken in Earl Iohns Castles were brought to Winchester where the King caused the better sort of them to be Imprisoned That they might compound or be fined and the others gave security every one in an hundred marks for Appearance upon Summons in the Kings Court and standing to Judgment there On the 24th of April [5] Ibid. n. 40. An Agreement made between the Archbishop of York and the Chancellor the King made Peace and final Concord between the Archbishop of York and the Bishop of Ely his Chancellor concerning all Controversies had happened between them as well about the Archbishops Imprisonment at Dover as the Chancellors being forced out of England so as he when he was called to it by the Arch-Bishop should Swear with an hundred Priests his Compurgators cum centesima manu sacerdotum jurabit That he neither Commanded nor desired he should be imprisoned That day [6] Ibid. n. 50. f. 421. a. n. 10. The King and his Mother pass over to France He raises the Siege of Vernuil and repairs its breaches he and his Mother went to Portsmouth to pass beyond Sea but Shipped not themselves until the 12th of May and with an hundred great Ships laden with Warriâ—rs Horses and Arms and landed at Barbfleet The King of France had besieged Verneuil Eighteen days and when he heard of his Arrival fled the King of England came thither and repaired and strengthned the Breaches and weak places Earl Iohn [7] Ibid. n. 20. He and Earl John are made friends by the Mediation of his Mother came to his Brother and they were made friends but the King would neither restore him to Castle or Lands Commissioners [8] Ibid. b. n. 10 20. The two Kings ravage and burn each others Country on both sides were appointed and met but could not agree about a Truce So as afterward the two Kings destroyed one anothers Countrys with Rapin and Burning more then before The King of France came to Eureux and totally destroyed and pulled down that City with the Churches not sparing Age or Sex and carrying away the Reliques of the Saints And this he did because the Citizens had left him and returned to the Faith and Service of their Lord the King of England From thence he marched with his Army to Freteval and the King of England that he might be near him and attend his Motions came to Vâ—ndosme He had been there but one night when the King of France next morning sent him word that day he would visit him with his Army The King of England Joyful to hear the News told the Messenger he would expect him and if he did not That next morning he would visit him with his Army The King of France was not so good as his word Therefore next morning early the King of England marched toward him he having notice of it fled
Genovef The Earls with a great Army and Humphry de Bohun with three hundred of the Kings choice Horse met him and with the Banner of St. Edmund displayed before them charged that part of the Army in which the Earl of Leicester was and in a moment his Army was defeated and he and his Wife taken as also Hugh de Castellis a Noble Frenchman In this Battle fell Ten thousand Flemmings and the rest were taken imprisoned and starved The Earl of Leicester and his Wife and Hugh de Castellis with the better sort of those that were taken were sent into France to King Henry the elder and were imprisoned at Falais with the Earl of Chester About the Feast of St. Martin or Eleventh of November [1.] Ben. Ab p. 53. b. Several Castles in Anjou surrendred to King Henry the elder Many Knights and Esquires or Servientes taken King Henry the Father with his Brabanters marched into Anjou and about eight days after Geofry de Haya came to him and delivered the Town and Castle of Hay The Castle also of Prulli and the Castle of Campenâ— which Robert de Ble held against him were rendred in which last Multi Milites Servientes capti fuerunt many Knights and their Servants or Men were taken as for example Haimeric de Ble Miles Hosmundus Everardus Gaufridus homines ejus his Men or such as held of him in Knights Service or had done Homage to him and so to the number of forty Knights and Servants as the Historians do number them About the [2.] Ibidem Feast of St. Andrew or later end of November he came before Vendome Vendome taken which Brachard de Lavardin having expelled the Earl his Father held against him and took it from whence old King Henry returned into Normandy At Christmass [3.] Ibidem p. 54. a. A Truce betwixt the Kings of England and France A Truce with the King of Scots and 300 Marks given for it following King Henry the Father was at Caen in Normandy where a Truce was made between him and the King of France from the Feast of St. Hillary or Thirteenth of January until the Close of or eight days after Easter At the same time likewise Hugh Bishop of Duresm made Truce with the King of Scots at Revedal for the same time and gave him for it 300 Marks of Silver to be levied upon the Lands of the Barons of Northumberland In the time of this Truce [4.] Hoved. f. 307. a. n. 50. b. lin 1. Two Fortresses erected one in the Isle of Axholm another at Durham Roger de Mowbray erects a Fortress at the Ferry in the Isle of Axholm and Hugh Bishop of Durham erected one at Alverton When [5.] Ibidem lin 1. The young King and Earl of Flanders design an Expedition into England the time of the Truce was eâ—pired after Easter An. Do. 1174. the young King Henry and Philip Earl of Flanders propounded to raise a great Army with design to come for England and how they were diverted from the Voyage see afterward The King of Scots also not long after the Close of Easter [6.] Ben. Ab. p. 54. a. The King of Scots enters Northumberland with an Army having first collected his 300 Marks of the Barons of Northumberland entred it with his Army and there with his Scots and * So the old Historians called the Inhabitants of Galway and sometimes only Wallenses Galualenses or Inhabitants of Galway made great Slaughters and Ravages incredible and beyond the inhumanity of the most Barbarous Nations as these Authors report them His Brother [7.] Ibidem The King of Scots besiegeth Carlisle Waltes Northumberland Takes several Castles in that and the Neighbouring Countries David he sent to Leicester to assist that Earls Forces against the King whilst he besieged Carlisle where Robert de Vaus was Governor When he had been a few days before it he invested the Castle with part of his Army and with the other part he marched through Northumberland and wasted the Lands of the King and his Barons and took by Arms the Castle of Lidel which was Nicholas Stutevills and the Castles of Burgh and Appleby which were the Kings but in the Custody of Robert de Stutevill and the Kings Castle of Werkworth which Robert Fitz-Richard kept and the Castle of Jerby which Odonel de Vnfranvil held and then returned to his Army before Carlisle and staid there so long as the Garison wanted Victuals when the Governor Articled with him That he would deliver the Town and Castle upon Michaelmass-day following unless by that time he had Relief from the King of England and for performance of this he secured the King of Scots by Oath and Hostages From hence he went with his Army and besieged [8.] Ibidem p. 54. b. The Yorkshire Army prepares to Relieve Carâ—isle Prudhou the Castle of Odonel de Vnfranvil but could not take it for the Yorkshire Army prepared to come upon him the Commanders whereof were Robert de Stutevill and his Son William William de Vesey Ranulph Glanvill Ranulph de Thilli Constable to the Arch-Bishop of York Bernard de Bailoll and Odonel de Vnfranvil The King of Scots riseth from before it The news whereof raised the King of Scots from that Castle from whence he fled and besieged Alnwic and sent from thence Earl Duncan the Earl of Anegus and Richard de Morvill with almost the whole Army to harass pillage and burn the Countries round about His Army barbarously burns and wastes the Northern Countries which Orders they executed with barbarous and more than inhumane Butcheries and Cruelties if we believe these Historians In the mean time the Commanders of the Yorkshire Army being informed of his Retreat from Prudhou and that he had [9.] Ibidem p. 55. a. He besiegeth Alnwic besieged Alnwic and sent most of his Army from him they make towards him with mighty speed and on a sudden came before Alnwic where they found him secure sporting with his Soldiers and fearing nothing for when he saw them afar off he thought they had been his own Army under Earl Duncan but when they set upon him And before it is surprized and taken and took him Prisoner his Soldiers fled With him they took Richard Cumin William Mortemer William de Insula or Lisle Henry Revel Ralph de Ver Jordan a Flemming Waldeuf Fitz-Baldwin de Bicre and Richard Malus Juuellus This was done on the Thirteenth day of July On the same day [1.] Ibidem Hugh Earl of Bar the Nephew of Hugh Bishop of Durham landed at Hertlepole with forty Knights from France The Bishop of Durham hearing the King of Scots was taken Prisoner sent back the Flemmings â—e had retained He puts the Knights or Horse into Alverton Caâ—le and 500 Flemmings for whom the Bishop had sent but when he heard the King of Scots was taken Prisoner he remanded the Flemmings giving them forty days
sometimes conquering and other while being conquered for if Asser says the Danes came hither with such often supplies and in such great numbers that if thirty thousand were killed one day there succeeded others to double that number until at length Aelfrid was reduced to such streights that with a few of his Nobles and some Soldiers and Vassals he was forced to secure himself in the Woody and (q) Now the Isle of Athelney in Latin gronnosa Ioca Cam. Brit. fol. 163. Gron what without doubt from Gron an old English Saxon word signifying a Fen or low Moory Boggy grounds and the parts adjacent are now called Moores and hence Gronningen the chief Town in the Province of that name in the Netherlands for that 't is situated in such a Country and other places of the like sound Fenny places of Somersetshire Aelfrid A. D. 878. where they had nothing but what they got from the Pagans by frequent Irruptions or such Christians as had submitted to them But not long after adventuring out of these fastnesses Ibid. fol. 10. with the whole force of Somerset Wilt and Hamshire which came unto him marching swiftly early in the Morning Aelfrid suddenly sets upon the Danes and obtains a great Victory he set upon the Danes at Ethandun where their Army lay and by a great slaughter of them obtained the Victory and had the pursuit of them to their Camp or Fortress and when he had there besieged them fourteen days forced by Famine and Despair they yielded The Danes beg Peace and begged Peace upon such Terms as he never had before they offering as many Hostages as the King would require for the performance of them which when the King had received the Danes swore that as soon as they could And swear to depart the Land they would depart the Kingdom (r) In Asser Godrum and Gothrum in others Gyâ—ro Gothrun or Gurmund Godrun his several Appellations in Lambard's Laws Gythrun or Guthrun Godrum their King presently became a Christian to whom Aelfrid was Godfather Godrun their King becomes Christian Hist 494. b. Some Danes abjure the Land and with him thirty of the chief men of his Army were baptized Ingulph says that Aelfrid gave to him and his People that staid with him the Kingdom of the East-Angles and that such as refused to be baptized abjured England and went into France Malmsbury says that Aelfrid gave him that Kingdom and also Northumberland Northumberland given to Godrun to hold of him by Fealty and Allegiance which before he held by Violence and Rapine perhaps in his latter time the greatest safety to Aelfrid was the Sea Force Aelfrid 's Sea Force 120 Ships Asser fol. 10. A. D. 877. which he first advanced to any considerable height have in number about 120 armed Ships with which he several times destroyed his Enemies Fleets and kept them from landing Learning in this Kings days was at a very low Ebb In Praefat. Pastoralis Gregor apud Asser fol. 27 28. The Ignorance of the Bishops Priests and People in Aelfrid's days A. D. 884. Aelfrid's design for the advancement of Learning A. D. 886. Asser fol. 16. The Controversie between Grimbald and the Oxonians there scarce being any that could read English on the South-side of Humber or a Priest that could translate Latin into English wherefore he translated Gregory's Pastoral into English and sent a Copy of it to every Bishop especially to such as did not well understand the Latin Tongue to whom he thought it very necessary yet after some repose and quiet from War and Tumult he thought of the advancement of Learning and Justice and the making of Laws for effecting the first he sent into France for Grimbald and John the Monk and into Wales for Asser who read to him and wrote the History of his Life whom he placed at Oxford there to read in several Sciences where not long after their coming there happened a great Contest between the Scholars they found there and these Strangers the first pleading their Antiquity and Seniority against the latter Aelfred A. D. 886. The King hearing of the Controversie goes to Oxford to put a period to it who shewing much moderation and indeavouring to reconcile them by perswasion it so moved Grimbald who thought himself sure of the Kings favor that he left Oxford and went to the Monastery at Winchester and removed from thence to Winchester also the Tomb wherein he designed to lay his Bones Ibid. fol. 20. Aelfred gave the half of the Revenue which came into his Exchequer every year to charitable uses which he distributed into four parts one whereof was ordered for the support of his (Å¿) So were all places of literature called at this time the Formality and Constitution of Universities not being then the same that it is at this present such an one was the School of Sigebert which he erected in his Kingdom of the East-angles and not perhaps without much probability at Cambridge School which chiefly consisted of his Nobility he also ordering that the Sons of Free-men should be brought up in Learning until they were fifteen years of Age. Asser fol. 21. Aelfred 's great care of Justice In doing Justice he was so careful and exact that he would inquire after all the Judgments and Decisions of the whole Country made in his absence and strictly examine them whether just or unjust and if he found any Iniquity in the Sentences of his Judges he would ask them whither it proceeded from Ignorance or a corrupt mind He reproves the ignorance of his Judges if they answered from Ignorance he reproved their Folly and Unskillfulness and admiring their Insolence that they should pretend to do what they understood not commanded them either to lay down their places of Judicature or by applying themselves to Study and Books make themselves more fit and skillful to perform them and it was wonderful to see how many illiterate (t) The Latin word is Comites which the Saxon translates by Alderman and we by the Danish word Earl Earls Sheriffs and Ministers many of them in their old Age rather than part with their Places and Profits And they addict themselves to laborious Studies Brompton col 829. His Laws collected out of the Laws of precedenâ— Kings addicted themselves to laborious Studies His Laws whereof many were Ecclesiastick for the most part were Collections from the Laws of Ina Offa and Ethebert which were made and the Observation of them commanded by the advice and assistance of his Council such as were fit for the present time were retained others antiquated and some new ones made they contain nothing extraordinary and are extant in Lambard only one or two of the Secular Laws that are observed among us at this day shall be noted Ll. Alured fol. 31. Estates intailed in his time As that for Entailing Estates They that had Book-land or Estates in
payment of Tithes another for the payment of a Penny to Rome imposed upon every House at the Feast of St. Peter under the Forfeiture of 120 shillings to the King many Canons also were set forth in his time which relish of the present Age and contain nothing extraordinary Edward the younger A. D. 975. Malms l. 2. de gest R. R. c. 9. Florileg A. D. 975. Opposed by his Mother in Law Elsted Edward called the younger the eldest Son of Edgar by Egelfleda his Wife was placed in his Fathers Throne according to his just right but contrary to the design of Elsrida his Mother in Law and second Wife to Edgar who made it her business to set up her own Son Ethelred a Child of seven years of Age and half Brother to Edward that she in his Nonage might govern the Nation The Factions between the Monks and Secular Priests begun in Edwin's days The Controversie between the Monks and Seculars divides the Nobility were now revived and extended themselves to the Nobility many of which sided with each Party Dunstan with the Monks and all that Party adhered closely to King Edward the Seculars and other Party favoured Queen Elfrid and her Son Ethelred many of the Nobility and great men threw out the Abbats and Monks which Dunstan had placed in Monasteries Ibidem and brought in and placed there Secular Clerks or Priests and their Wives Two Councils about this Controversie A.D. 975 977. several Synods or Councils were held about this Controversie between the Monks and Seculars one at Winchester another at Caln in Wiltshire That at Winchester ended with confirming the Monks in their Possessions moved to it by the voice from a Crucifix pronouncing in favour of them Ibidem the issue of that at Caln is not clearly affirmed by the Relators telling only a Story of a Beam that fell down while the Discourse was hot about matters in Difference where all or most were slain but Dunstan who strangely escaped Amidst these Contests of the Clergy and Nobility Queen Elfrid took her opportunity of murthering Edward to make way for her Son Ethelred Ib. A.D. 978. Edward murthered by Elfrid his Mother in Law which she caused to be done after this manner Edward weary with Hunting and being very thirsty alone while his Attendance followed the Dogs hearing that his Mother and his Brother Ethelred were at (k) Camb. Ibid. Now Corfe Castle in the Isle of Purbecke in Dorsetshire Corvesgate innocently went thither she with all Demonstration of kindness welcoming him commanded drink to be brought forth and while he was drinking caused one of her Servants privately before instructed to Stab him after he had reigned about three years Edward thus removed Ethelred A. D. 979. left his half Brother Ethelred right Heir to the Crown which he received in the presence of Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury Oswald Archbishop of York Flor. Wigorn. A. D. 978. and ten Bishops more whom Dunstan severely rebuked for aspiring to the Kingdom by Blood and prognosticated the Inundation of the Danes which followed This King's Easiness Inactivity and Softness An easie unactive King gave the greatest occasion to the Danes Conquest who well understanding his Temper and enticed by the Riches of the Nation The Danes after many years quiet invade England and their Country-men here who lived in great peace and quietness until this time first landed in one place then in another 't is to no purpose to name the particular places or follow them in their Sea-rambles and Landings first seizing the Towns and Countries near the Sea then others more remote until at last they wasted the whole Nation Ethelred often attempted to drive them out of the Kingdom and sometimes did beat them but to no purpose they always retired to their Ships with their Plunder and Spoils and as often as they were worsted were reinforced from Danemark and Norway His Nobility were not unlike him being Easie Supine and Cowardly and most of them allyed to the Danes in Blood Ethelred betrayed by his Nobility so that upon any great occasion or fair hopes of Victory over them he was for the most part by Fear or Treachery betray'd by some of them but by Edric more especially After many years experience of their barbarous Murthers and Cruelties by the consent and advice of his great men The Danes barbarous Cruelty he sent Messengers to them to buy Peace offering them Tribute which was called (l) Compounded of the words Dane and Gelt or Geld that is Money Danegeld what it was and this word signified as much as Danes Money Tribute or Tax paid to them The first Tribute paid to the Danes that they should abstain from Rapines Burnings Flor. Wigorn. A. D. 991. Ethelred buys Peace Ibid. A.D. 994. and Slaughters of men upon the Sea Coasts and hold a firm Peace with the English was 10000 l. in the year 991. See Lambard fol. 90. Foedus Ethelredi cum exercitu Anlavi c. The next Tribute paid them for the same Purposes in the year 994. was 16000 l. The third paid in the year 1002. was 24000 l. Ib. A. D. 1002· The fourth paid in the year 1007. was 36000 l. Ib. A.D. 1007. The fifth paid in the year 1012. was 48000 l. Ib. A.D. 1012. The sixth and last paid for the same ends and intention to the Danish Army Ib. A.D. 1018. At this day very near if not full two Millions Sterling when Cnute was King of England and Danemarke in the year 1018. was for all England 72000 l. and for London 10000 and 500 l. Cnute carrying and sending away the greatest part of his Army and Fleet into Danemarke Danegeld and a present Sum of Money Flor. Wigorn. A.D. 991 994 c. so as they would desist from their Rapine and horrid Devastations with which they seemed satisfied but still destroyed the Country Peace and Leagues were often made with them and they as often broke them after they had found the English would bleed Money They often for a while left England gave over wasting it and retired home with their Fleets but it was that they might return with greater Force and receive a greater reward for their Barbarous Hostilities and unheard of Cruelties until the Nation was exhausted of its Wealth and Glory Ethelred A. D. 1012. It is Storied that the Danes thus (m) The Danes say some of our Authors lived lazily and idly here taking their Pleasures while they made the English their Slaves and Drudges abusing their Wives and Daughters hence they were called Lord-Danes and at this day in some Countries they yet call a lazy idle Fellow Lurdan which seems to be a corruption of Lord Dane lording it and domineering over the English Ethelred thought to effect that by Policy which by force he could not Mat. Westm A. D. 1012. and by the advice of some great men
with one Maid only sent her to the Nunnery of Warewell to be kept there by the Abbess [3.] Ingulph Hist 510. b. William Duke of Normanâ—y comes into England An. Dom. About this time William Duke of Normandy with a great train of Followers coming into England was honourably entertained by Edward and had many of the Cities and Castles shewn unto him although at that time there was no discourse of Succession between them after some time spent liere being richly presented he returned home Emme the Mother of Edward died and was buried at Winchester A. D. 1052. Emme King Edward's Mother dies She undergoes Fire-Ordale See the Glossary in the word The Crimes objected to her Godwin in the Life of Robert Archbishop confutes this Story and argues it of falshood p. 80. and makes it appear idle who for all her great Vertues escaped not the Malice of her Enemies although she either fortunately or miraculously if the Story be true escaped burning by Fire-Ordale Her chief Enemy was Robert Archbishop of Canterbury the Crimes objected were her consenting to the death of her Son Alfred that she had a greater affection for her Danish than English Children and Incontinency with Alwine Bishop of Winchester but having blindfolded and barefooted passed and stepped over and between nine Plough-shares red hot without hurt or burning not touching any of them in the presence of her Son and many of his Peers by her thankful and humble demeanor toward God and the World she recovered the good opinion of King and People [4.] Sim. Dunel A. D. 1052. Godwin and his Sons infest the Coasts and come up the Thames And draw together a land-Land-Army The K. marched towards them with his Army During their Exile Godwin and his Sons much infested the Coasts of England in the West and South at last Harold joyning with his Father came up the Thames toward London with their Fleet where a Land Army of Londoners and Country-men out of their several Earldoms met them at Southwark which by their Agents and Emissaries under many fair Pretences and Suggestions they had drawn together the King being then in London marched and advanced his Army and Fleet against Godwin's the Fleets being placed on the contrary sides of the River and the Armies on the contrary Banks the chief men on both Parties being English had no great Stomachs to fight one against the other but rather thought it more Prudence to mediate between the King and Godwin The Differences composed without Battle Eadmen fol. 4. which they did and brought them to an accommodation But the King suspecting Godwin's Subtilty and Instability would not consent to Peace before Wulnoth the Son of Godwin and Hacun the Son of Swane were delivered Hostages for his good behaviour to William Duke of Normandy Godwin and his Sons restored and then he and his Sons were restored to all their former Rights and Enjoyments except Swane who troubled in Conscience for the Murther of his Kinsman Beorn went to Jerusalem Bare-foot and in his return died Edward also received his Queen Edith Godwin's Daughter in the same Dignity she was before This done the Normans who had given the King ill Council and under his Authority done many unjust things [5.] John â—rompâ—on Robert Archbishop of Canterbury The Normans banisâ—â—d William Bishop of London Vls of Dorcester c. were banished the Realm [6] Bâ—pt col â—4â— A. D. â—0â—3 Edw. Con â—â— Robert Archbishop died beyond Sea but William for his excellent goodness a little while after was recalled from banishment and restored to his Bishoprick Soon after Earl [7.] Sim. Dunelm A. D. 1053. Godwin diâ—s Eadmer fol. 4. Fol. 510. b. n. 30 40 Godwin sitting with the King at Table taken Speechâ—ess sunk down suddenly in his seat as dead his three Sons Harold Tosti and Girth carrying him into the King's Chamber in hopes he might revive but the fifth day after he died By Ingulph and others 't is storied that Edward as he sat at Table reproving him for the death of his Brother Alfred he took a Morsel and wished it might choak him if he were guilty with which endeavouring to swallow it he was choaked And his 8. Earldom of Kent and West-Saxony was given to his Son Harold and his to Algar Son of Leoâ—ric Macbeth vanquished by Siward Earl of Northumbâ—r Siward the stout Earl of Northumberland by the King's order made an Expedition into Scotland vanquished the Tyrant [9.] Sim. Dunelm A. D. 1054. Macbeth and made Malcolme Son to the King of Cumberland King of Scotland within two years after this great action Siward dies and Tosti Brother to Harold was made Earl of [1.] Ingulph ut sup A. D. 1056. Earl Algar banished recovers his Earldom by assitance of Griff. King of Wales Northumberland About this time Earl Algan was banished without a cause but invading England with the assistance of Griffin King of Wales he was restored to the King's favour [2.] Sim. Dunelm A. D. 1057. Edward first Son of Edmund Ironsides sent for into Hungary A. D. 1058. Ingulph Hist 511. a. Algar is banished and again recovers his Earldom King Edward now sent into Hungary for his Nephew Edward Son to Edmund Ironside who as he was right Heir to the Crown so he intended to make him his Successor but he died not long after he came into England in this year good old Leoâ—ric commonly stiled Earl of Leicester but indeed Earl of Mercia died a wise and prudent man and Algar his Son succeeded him in his Earldom whom Edward banished the second time but again by the aid of Griffin and a Fleet from Norway by force recovered his Earldom in the year following he dies and leaves Edwin and Morear his Sons [3.] Sim. Dun. A. D. 1063. 1064. Ingulph A. D. 1063. Griffin King of Wales overcome by Harold The Welch under the conduct of Griffin their King invade and harass those parts of England next Wales but vanquished and overcome by Harold and his Brother Tosti at the King's appointment they submit and promise to pay Tribute depose and kill their King [4.] Ingulph A. D. 1065. Fol. 511. b. n. 30. Edward gives Wales to Griffin's Brother's Blechgent and Rithwalan who swore Fidelity to him by Harold his Representative promising all ready Service by Sea and Land and to pay whatever used to be paid to the Kings of England Tosti returning into Northumberland which was then accounted all that part of England beyond Humber Northwards used the People severely and [5.] Sim. Dun. A. D. 1069. The Northumbrians Tumult against Tosti Harold sent to appease them imposed high and grievous Taxes upon them committing many Out-rages the People run to Arms beset his Palace kill his Souldiers and Servants Plunder it and force him to fly for his life thus urged by danger and Tumult Tosti Petitions the King to send his Brother Harold and others to hear
them but were soon repelled by them they being more in number and better armed At length Harold comes up with a Potent Army and gives them Battel at (l) Alias Battle Bridge upon the River Derwent not far from York Stanford Bridge where though the Norwegians made a stout and obstinate resistance yet at length the English obtained the Victory Harfager and Tosto with the greatest part of their Army being slain and most of their Fleet taken only Oslaus Harfager's Son and Paul Earl of Orcades had liberty to depart with twenty Ships they leaving a vast (m) Here was so much Gold as seven lusty young men could carry besides other rich Spoils all which Harold taking to his own use disgusted his Army Treasure behind them Gul. Pictav 197. A. 198. A William was not idle all this while but calling together the great men of his Country consults with them and propounds the Conquest of England to the chief of them who disswade him from the attempt as a thing too difficult to be effected and beyond the Power and Force of Normandy and which might change the excellent State of their Country into a miserable Condition Gul. Pictav 197. A. B. There were then in Normandy besides Bishops and Abbots several Lay-men knowing and able to advise such were Robert Earl of Mortaign half Brother to William Robert Earl of Ou Richard Earl of Eureux Son of Robert Archbishop of Roan Roger Beaumont Roger Montgomery William Fitzh-Osborn Hugo vicecom Ibidem and Viscount Hugh these he consulted with but so as the result of all things was left to the Duke himself how many Ships to equip and with what Men and Armes and at length every one chearfully makes ready what was charged upon him according to his Possessions and the value of his Estate and having prepared a great number of Ships and a great Army of Normans Flemmings Malms de gest Reg. fol. 56. a. n. 50. Geâ—er de duc Nor. l. 6. c. 34. French Poictovins Aquitans and Britans both Horse and Foot after some stay for a wind at the mouth of the River Dive he fell down to and set sail from St. (n) Now St. Valery upon the River of Soame in Picardy Waleric or Gualeric with a gentle Gale and landed at Pevensey in Sussex erected a Fort there to secure his Ships and their retreat (o) 'T is said by Cambden he burnt all his Ships that he might cut off from his Souldiers all hopes of Safety by flight if so Britan. fol. 106 He had it out of the Manuscript History of Battle Abbey in Bib. cotton sob Effigie Domitian A. 2. fol. 1. Malms Will. 1. fol. 57. Dunel Brompton A. D. 1066. Gesta Guliel Ducis f 202. D. In Will 1.56 b. 57. b. certainly he designed no place of Safety for a retreat or to secure his Ships wherein he placed a Garrison Gul. Pictav Gesta Gul. Ducis fol. 199. c. and marching from thence to Hastings he raiseth another Fortification for the same Purposes and Garrisons that likewise and then declares the Causes of the War first for revenging the death of his Kinsman Brompt col 958. (p) Son to Ethelred and younger Brother of Edw. the Confessor to Emme Alfred whom Godwin Harold's Father and his Sons had cut off with many Normans Secondly to chastise Harold for banishing Robert Archbishop of Canterbury and other Normans out of England and Thirdly to gain the Kingdom from Harold which he had possessed by Perjury and to which he had no right it being his by Grant by nearness (q) It could hardly be thought his Army should consist of raw Souldiers for Malmsbury Sim. Dunel and Brompton reports from Gulielm Pictaviensis that the main Body of it remained impregnable against all the Assaults and Charges of the Enemies until by a Counterfeit retreat which the English thought a flight and followed them by which means they opened their close Order when the Normans suddenly faceing about charged and broke them in pieces scattered them and obtained the Victory c. of kindred and promise of Obedience and Subjection he restrained his Army from Plundering Malmsb. in Will 1. f. 56. b. telling them they ought to spare those things which were suddenly to be their own and for fifteen days they behaved themselves so quietly as if they thought not of War The News of this Descent of the Normans in Sussex Ingulph f. 512. quickly came to Harold by several Messengers who puffed up with his late Victory dream'd of the like success for the future and refusing the Terms offered him by William's Envoy Malms ut sup a Monk either to quit his Pretences to the Kingdom or hold it as his Vice-roy Gul. Pictav fol. 200. c. or that they two by Combate for the sparing the Effusion of Blood in the sight of both Armies might decide and end the Controversie in great hast with a small part only of his Army he came near unto Hastings Ingulph Ibid. and having gathered together the Country-people formed of them a (q) It could hardly be thought his Army should consist of raw Souldiers for Malmsbury Sim. Dunel and Brompton reports from Gulielm Pictaviensis that the main Body of it remained impregnable against all the Assaults and Charges of the Enemies until by a Counterfeit retreat which the English thought a flight and followed them by which means they opened their close Order when the Normans suddenly faceing about charged and broke them in pieces scattered them and obtained the Victory c. rude and undisciplined Army staid not for his Northern Forces but next morning gives (r) On the fourteenth of October not many days after the Battel at Stanford-bridge Earl William Battel and fighting valiantly all day until evening often as a common Souldier hand to hand with his Enemies at length about twilight upon a Hill whither he had retreated he was shot thorough the head with an Arrow and slain together with his Brothers Gurth and Lefwin and most of the English Nobility here present (Å¿) Malmsbury says they were not there but being appointed by Harold he posting before to meet the Normans to bring the Riches and Spoils taken in the last Battel to London where hearing that Harold was slain they courted the People to make one of them King he also there says that the other great men would have chosen Edgar King if the Bishops would have consented but by reason of the present danger and their Domestick Dissentions it could not be effected Then Edwin and Morcar with some few others that escaped came to London and sent their Sister Algith the Queen and Wife to Harold Sim. Dunelm A. D. 1066. into the remote parts of the Nation and consulted with Aldred Archbishop of York the Citizens and Seamen to make Edgar Atheling King but while they provided and prepared to oppose William the two Earls with their Forces withdrew
was Lord also near Renâ—es Guader the Earldom of Northwic or the East-Angles To Hugh de Grentmesnel he gave the Town of Leicester and to many other Noble Persons he distributed many Cities and Towns Ralph Guader had Norff. or the East-Angles c. with great Power and Honours (f) He was Son of Guachelm de [1.] Ibidem 522. B. Hen. de Ferrariis who he was Ferrariis and though no Earl at the time of the Survey he had then 176 Lordships Maners or Farms besides Tutbury Castle [2.] Domesday-Book in several Counties whereof in Darbishire 114. To Hen. de Ferrariiis the Castle of Tutbury and to many Strangers and others of mean Quality Odo Earl of Kent he gave many and great Honours insomuch that they had here in England Clients and Dependants far richer and more powerful than their Fathers were in Normandy His Brother Odo by the Mothers side received from him the Earldom of Kent [8.] Ord. Vit. 522. D. was a Count Palatine and gave Laws as Viceroy or [9.] Ibidem second King and was Justiciary [1.] Justiciary of England of England the chief Man for Administring Justice under the King and after the death of William [2.] Malms 62. b. n. 53. Fitz-Osbern he was Vice-Dominus or Vidame of all England under the King Besides those in Kent [3.] Domesd in the several Counties Odo had 439 Lordships of the Gift of his Brother where he had 184 Lordships or Farms he also had in Essex 39 in Oxfordshire 32 in Hertfordshire 23 in Buckinghamshire 30 in Worcestershire two in Bedfordshire eight in Northamptonshire 12 in Nottinghamshire five in Norfolke 22 in Warwickshire six in Lincolnshire 76 in all 439. To [4.] Orderic 523. A. Geofry Bishop of Constance had 280 Lordships Geofry Bishop of Constance in Normandy who was often his Lieutenant-General after the Battle of Hastings he gave 280 Maners which he left to his Nephew Robert Molbray made Earl of Northumberland by William the Conqueror [5.] Hoveden 243. b. n. 47. after the death of Walcher Bishop of Duresm who had the Government of it Robert also Earl of Moreton in Normandy and by his Mother Brother to William had the Earldom of [6.] Malmsb 88. b. n. 46. Cornwall given him and in that 248 Maners [7.] Domesd in the several Counties Robert Earl of Moreton in Normandy and Cornwall in England half Brother to William had 793 Lordships of his Gift The Earl of Richmont in Sussex 54 and the Burrough of Pevensey in Devonshire 75 and a Church and House in Exceter in Yorkshire 196 in Wiltshire five in Dorsetshire 49 in Suffolke 10 in Hantshire one in Cambridgeshire five in Hertfordshire 13 in Buckinghamshire 29 in Gloucestershire one in Northamptonshire 99 in Nottinghamshire six in all 793. And now while I mention these Earls and their Possessions I shall be somewhat more large in the Account I give of these two following that in some measure the Power and Authority of the Earls in those days may appear And first I shall take notice of [8.] Vincent fol. 57. Alan Fergant Earl of Britane in France whose Grandmother Hawis was Great Aunt to William the Conqueror This [9.] Ord. vit fol. 544. C. Alan Married Constance Daughter to King William to [1.] Ex. Reg. Honor. de Richmond in Bibl. Cotton sub Effig Faustini B. 7. fol. 7â— whom in the third year of his Reign at the Siege of York he gave all the Lands of Earl Edwin in Yorkshire in these words [2.] Ibid. Cambden in Richmondshire The Conquerors Grant to the Earl of Brittain Ego Gulielmus cognomine Bastardus Rex Angliae do concedo tibi (g) He Married the Conquerors Daughter Constance but why he called him his Nephew I know not Nepoti meo Alanâ— comiti Brittaniae haeredibus tuis in perpetuum omnes villas terrâ—s quae nuper fuerunt Comitis Edwini in Eborascirâ cum feodis militum Ecclesiis aliis libertatibus consuetudinibus ita liberè honorisicè sicut idem Edwinus eadem tenuit data obsidione coram Civitate Eboraci That is I William Surnamed Bastard King of England give and grant to thee my Nephew Alan Earl of Brittain and thy Heirs for ever all those Towns or Villages and Lands which were lately Earl Edwins in Yorkshire with Knights Fees and Churches with other Liberties and Customs as freely and honourably as the same Edwin held them Dated in the Siege before York These Lands when given were [3.] Ibid. in Registro de Richmond Gildable that is paid a Rent Tax or Custom to the King but by his favour they were changed into a Liberty or (h) Honour was feodum Nobile beneficium Regale An Honour what it was The general practice of the Normans in building Castles for their own safety in these ancient times granted by the King for great Services done or to be done it was the same sometimes with the Parony or Earldom it self sometime it signified the Jurisdiction of them and other some the Capus Baronia the chief Seat Castle or place of Residence of the Earl or Baron and was never then attributed to small Baronies Honour which was the Northern part of Yorkshire now called Richmondshire Being possessed of these Lands he built a Castle [4.] Ibidem Richmont Castle built Why so called and (i) This was the general practice of the Normans to whom the Lands of the English were given especially of the great ones and of the Conqueror himself who was at vast Expences in building very many Castles Place of Strength by his Capital Mansion of Gillings for the defence and safety of his People and Tenents against the English and Danes then thrust out of their Estates and Inheritance and named it Richmont according to the French denomination which signifies Rich-Mount or Hill it being situated upon the highest and most pleasant part of all that Territory For the guard and security of this Castle It was Guarded by the Earls Tenents his chief Tenents had their several Places assigned them and had several Knights Fees given them for their Service thus set down in the Register or Book of Richmond in Cottons Library Placea Ranulphi fil Roberti in Castro Richmond ad Capellam Sancti Nicholai six Knights Fees The Establishment of the Guard of Richmont Castle Ibidem inter feoda Militaria He had six Knights Fees This and the rest I shall render in English as there mentioned The place of Ranulph Fitz-Robert in the Castle of Richmond by the Chappel of St. Nicholas The place of the Constable in the Keep Ibidem inter feoda milit he had six Knights Fees and an half The place of Brian Fitz-Alan in the great Hall of Scouland He had four Knights Fees and a sixth part He had three Knights Fees and a sixth part The place of Torphin Fitz-Robert of Manfield between
Conqueror Domesday or the Conquerors Survey how made and it may not be much out of the course of our History to take notice how it was made and in what method written It was made by (y Mr. Selden gives an Account in his Preface to * Fol. 15. Eadmer from an ancient Manuscript he thinks as old as the Survey it self of the names of the great Men that were Sworn in divers Hundreds in Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely which were most Normans The Jurors iâ— Cambridgeshirâ— and Isle of Ely at the making of the Survey and presented the Survey according to the form the King had directed And Comitatus dicit or testatur hundreda vel Wapentachium dicit vel testatur Again homines qui juraverunt the men that were Sworn in this or that County Hundred or Wapentach do witness say and aver so and so concerning divers matters in debate and controversie do often occur in the Survey it self The * [6.] Histor Ellen. penes Domini Gale p. 177. b. In Staplebou Hund. Nich de Chenet Willielmus de Chipenham homo Gaufridi Hugo de Herenluge Warinus de Saham Robertus Anglicus de Fordhom Hordmerus de Bethlingham Alanus de Burwell Alfricus de Sneillewelle Isti homines Juraverunt de isto hundredo In Cestertuna Hund. Juraverunt Roggerus de Cilderlaio Gifard de Draitona Gislebert de Histona Surmi de Cotenâ—am Brunningus de Cestertuna Almer de Coâ—enâ—am Ledmarus de Draitona Aermus de Gilderlaio omnes alii-Franci Argli de hoc Hundredo Juraverunt These two Instances are cited out of the ancient Manuscripts mentioned by Selden Jurors in every Hundred of the County are noted names of the Jurors in some Hundreds mentioned by Mr. Selden exceed not the number of eight or nine in others besides those named all that were fit for the purpose were Sworn Verdict or Presentment of Juries or certain Persons Sworn in every Hundred Wapentach or County before [9.] Ge vas Tilb. lib. 1. b 29. Commissioners who were most discreet Persons and commonly Normans sent from Court Those for [1.] Dugd. Bâ—ron fol. 257. Col. 2. Worcestershire and many other Counties were (z) He was a Monk [7.] Malms de Gest Pontif. f. 165. b. n. 20. in the Abby of Fischampe or Fecampe in Normandy and gave great Assistance unto William in his Expedition into England [8.] Eadmer fol 7. n 1â— for which he made a Bargain with him to be made a Bishop if he overcame Remigius Bishop of Lincoln Walter Giffard [2.] Orderic fol. 522. C. And other Counties Earl of Buckingham (a) He was Son [9.] Ord. Vit. fol. 5â—2 d. of Gualchelin de Ferrariis a Stranger and an Adventurer with the Conqueror and was possessed of 176 Lordships or Maners whereof in [1.] Domesd in com Darby Darbyshire 114 as before was noted Hen de Ferriers Earl of Darby and (b) This [2.] Monast Angl. vol. 2. fol 889. n. 50 60.4 ibid. 900. n. 20. Adam third Son of Hubert de Rie Adam who had given him great Possessions in Kent was third Son to Hubert de Rie a trusty Servant to William when Duke of Normandy and employed by him to Edward the Confessor in the business of declaring him his Successor to the Crown of England c. Eudo being his fourth Son Adam Brother unto Eudo Steward of the Houshold or Sewar to the King who enquired into and described as well the Possessions and Customs of the Conqueror as of his great Men Commissioners in Worcestershire [3.] The Books themselves How and of what things the Survey was made They noted what and how much Arable Land Pasture Meadow and Wood every Man had and what was the extent and value of them before the Conquest and at the present time The Survey was made by Counties Hundreds Towns or Maners Hides half Hides Virgates and Acres of Land Meadow Pasture and Wood. Also they noted what Mills and Fishings and in some Counties what and how many Freemen Sockmen Villans Bordars Servants young Cattle Sheep Hogs working Horses Skeps of Bees c. in every Town and Maner and who they belonged to Always in every County setting down [9.] The Books themselves the Kings name first and after him all his great Men in order that held of him in chief with numbers placed before them for the better finding them in the Book as may be * Append. n. 10. seen in the Catalogue of Tenents in chief or the Possessors of Lands at the time of the Survey there following All England except three Counties of Westmorland Cumberland and Northumberland That part of Lancashire between the River Mersey and Ribble was laid so and described in Cheshire the other part was described in Yorkshire was described and part of Wales and the Description or Survey written in two Books called the great and little (c) Domesday-Book why so called There was no receding from or avoiding what was written in this Book and therefore ob hoc as * P. 41. b. Domesday from the Saxon Dome Bordarii what they were Gervase of Tilbury says nos cundem librum judiciarium nominamus non quod in eo de prepositis aliquibus dubiis feratur sententia sed quod ab eo sicut ab ultimo die judicii non licet ulla ratione descedere Domesday-Book remaining in the Custody of the Vicechamberlains of his Majesties Exchequer The little Book contains only the Counties of Norfolk Suffolk and Essex this Survey was begun about the Fourteenth year of the Conqueror and finished [1.] Little Domesday fol. 450. in the Twentieth of his Reign Anno Domini 1086. To make the manner of the Entries in these Books more clear I shall give one or two Examples Easessa Terra Regis dimid hundred de Witham Witham tenuit Heraldus T. R. E. pro Maner pro 5 Hidis tunc 21 (d) What these Villanes were see in the letter f here following Villan modo 15 tunc 9 In the Appendix are two Catalogues of all the Ter-Tenents or as they may be called Proprietors names in this Survey one Alphabetical the other as they are found before the Description of every County (e) Bordarii from the French Bordier a Villan or Cottager and that from Borde a little House or Cottage in the Fields c. [7.] Custum Norm Gloss sup c. 28. Bordage was a Tenure where such a House or Cottage was given to any one to do any base Service for his Lord as to be an Executioner or Hangman or other base Service and he who had any thing given him after that manner could not sell give or engage it for that it was given him to hold after that form Bordar modo 10 Tunc 6 (f) Servi what they were Servi Servants or rather Slaves for Servus in Classick Authors never signifies otherwise were of [8.] Spelm. Gloss fol. 513. col 2. See more what
according to the old Feudists and not Felonia according to later use Felony or Treason or that reverted to the Crown for want of Heirs which together with the Rents reserved out of the Baronies and Lands he gave to his Followers Escheats raised a great Revenue in Money For it cannot be altogether true which Gervase of Tilbury [3.] P. 26. b. 27. a. reports from Tradition and the Current of Historians from him or one another that only Victuals were paid for Rent all the Conquerors time for the daily Provision of his Houshold as Wheat Beeves Mutton Hay Oats c. of which the Kings Officers had a Roll of what quality and quantity every Mans proportion was in every County And that in Henry the First 's time by Special Commissioners sent into every County upon Complaint and Request of the Kings Tenents the Victuals chargeable upon all Lands were rated at the usual price and the value of them paid in Money The price of Wheat to make â—00 Men Bread 1 s. of a Sheep 4 d. c. A false Story that Rents were paid in Victuals all the Conquerors time which was after the rate of a Measure of Wheat to make Bread for One hundred Men 1 s. for a Ram or Sheep 4 d. for Provender for twenty Horses 4 d. c. This Story I say cannot be altogether true if compared with Domesday-Book where we almost every where find what Annual Rent in Money was paid to the Conqueror out of every Maner out of some 10 20 30 60 80 100 l. c. as we see in the Examples before mentioned Indeed in some of the Kings Maners or Honours there are firmae duarum vel trium noctium c. reserved that is Entertainment or Provision for two or three nights according to the old Saxon or German way of accounting time by nights as we by days and in some others there are so many Muttons and other Victuals reserved but very rarely and therefore 't is most probable that if ever there was such a practise of paying only Victuals in stead of Rent and that this Rent-Victuals was by Commissioners turned into Money it was done by those Commissioners the Conqueror directed into every County c. to make the Survey Custom of Merchandise To this Branch may be added the Customs of Merchandise properly so called for liberty of coming in and going out of his Ports and passing upon and through his Seas In short his Revenue was so great that [4.] Fol. 523. B. Ordericus Vitalis says it was reported to be One thousand and sixty pound of (k) Sterling from the Saxon STEORE signifying a Law or Rule Somn. Gloss in verbo Esterlingas Sterling what it signifies and from whence derived Sir Edw. Coke perverts the Sentence Gervase of Tilbury and Linge an Addition common among the Saxons rendring the word to which it is joyned more significant or expressive as in Dearlinge Wordlinge c. so that Sterling Money is no more than good and lawful Money answering the Standard Sterling Money thirty Shillings and Penny half Penny of the just Rents or Profits of England every day of the year The Conquerors Revenue was 1060 l. 30 s. â— d. ½ every day in the year 3874497 l. 16 s. 3 d. besides his Gifts and Presents and Pecuniary Punishments which if we reckon ten times as much now according to the forementioned rate of things in his Reign his yearly Revenue amounted to 3874497 l. 16 s. 3 d. But allow it to be fifteen times so much now as then as may very well be done and not over rate it then his yearly Income was 5811746 l. 14 s. 4 d. ½ besides free Gifts Fines and Amerciaments for Offences His standing Army not paid out of this Revenue Besides this great Revenue he had a mighty standing Army of Horse especially with which he made good his Conquests without any Expence or Charge issuing out of his Revenue [5.] Ibidem After what manner they were distributed see the Preface here for the same Author affirms that he so distributed the Lands of England to his Followers and Soldiers as he had 60000 Knights or Horsemen constantly at his Command to be employed in any Expedition he pleased This estimate of Knights Fees so Established by the Conqueror is allowed by our great and Learned Antiquaries [6.] Gloss fol. 218. col 2. Sir Hen. Spelman [7.] Answer to the Reasons for Foreign Wars p. 9. Sir Robert Cotton and [8.] Tit. of Hon. fol. 573. Mr. Selden with an Addition of 215 more And this number of Knights Fees was the same or greater in the Fifth of Henry the Second 1159. for then he took Scutage of England only to prosecute the Wars in France One hundred and fourscore thousand pounds of Silver if * Col. 1381. Gervase of Canterbury may be credited If there were then but 60000 Knights Fees it was 3 l. or as they then reckoned four Marks and an half upon every Knights Fees a very high and unusual rate but upon extraordinary occasions as for maintaining of War and paying of Stipendiary Soldiers Scutage over and above the Revenue before mentioned was a common and usual Tax we have both name and thing in Gervase [9.] Lib. 1. c. 22. T it Scutagium c. Scutage paid to maintain Soldiers of Tilbury Fit interdum imminente vel insurgente in regnum hostium Machinatione decernat Rex de singulis foedis militum summam aliquam marcam scilicet vel lib. unam unde militibus Stipendia vel Donativa succedant Mavult enim Princeps (l) Sir Edw. Coke transposeth these words Institut 1. fol. 69. a. and reads them thus perverting the sence of the Author Mavult Princeps Domesticos quam Stipendiarios Bellicis apponere casibus Admiring the wisdom of Antiquity that the Prince had rather be served in his Wars by his own Subjects than Stipendiary Foreigners Stipendiarios quam domesticos Bellicis apponere casibus Haec itaque summa quia nomine Scutorum Solvitur Scutagium nuncupatur That is sometimes upon imminent danger or designs raised by Enemies against the Kingdom the King may Decree or take upon every Knights Fee a Sum of Money to wit a Mark or one Pound from whence arise the Stipends and Donatives of Soldiers for the Prince had rather employ in his Wars Stipendiaries than Domesticks This Sum therefore because it was paid as for a Scutum that is a (m) Knights Fees were called Scuta from their Shields a certain part of the Armour the always used and therefore we see our ancient Kings and great Men pourtrayed in a Military posture on Horseback with a Shield upon their left Arm. Knights Fee it was called Scutage which though it was paid often afterwards in all the elder Kings Reigns by common consent of the Kingdom yet it was never certain but sometimes one Mark a Mark and an half two
a great Fleet he left the Siege and almost all the Norman Nobility strove who should make their Addresses and Presents to the King and not only they but the French Britans Flemmings and many of the Neighbouring Provinces so soon as they heard he intended to remain at Owe or Eu in Normandy obsequiously flocked to him and having been favourably received and liberally presented by him they all extolled his Bounty and Magnificence beyond that of their own Princes At length the [6.] Ibid. fol. 693. B. C. The Duke and King reconciled two Brothers came together at Rouen where all former Complaints being laid aside they were reconciled to each other The Duke received mighty Gifts and Presents from the King to whom the Duke granted the County or Earldom of Ou Albamarle the Land of Gerard de Gournay and Ralph de Couches with all the Castles and Fortresses subject and belonging to them Henry not pleased with this Transaction raised great Complaints against both [7.] Ibidem 6â—9 A. Henry displeased with his Brothers got together a Body of Britans and Normans his Brothers and demanded some part of the large Possessions of his Father and having gathered together a Body of the Britans and Normans fortified Constance Auranches and some other Towns But [8.] Ibidem His Friends Revolt from him His Brothers besiege him in St. Michaels Mount Hugh Earl of Chester who was also Earl of Auranches and others the great Favourers of him weighing his Poverty and the great Riches and terrible Power of William deserted Henry and yielded their Places of Strength to the King and in the middle of Lens the two Brothers William and Robert besieged their Brother Henry in St. Michaels Mount which was yielded for want of Drink and Water Sr. Michaels Mount yielded on Condition That he and those with him might have liberty to go whether they pleased [9.] Ibid. B. Henry wanders from place to place After which Henry wandred for some years from place to place with one Knight a Priest or a Clerk and three Servants or Esquires While the King employed himself in Normandy there was in England a great [1.] Ibid. fol. 703. B. C. An. Do. 1093. Robert de Mowbray Earl of Northumberland Conspires against Rufus Conspiracy formed against him by Robert de Molbraio or Mowbray Earl of Northumberland and many other great Normans of which the King having notice raised an Army and marched against them [2.] Ibid. D. who understanding which way he was to pass laid an Ambush to intercept or kill him in a Wood which was discovered to him and the design prevented by Gilbert de Tonebridge one of the chief Conspirators and then his Troops passed on to [3.] Ibidem fol. 704. A. Bamborough Castle which they besieged and at length Robert fell into their hands [4.] Ibid. B. Mowbray taken Prisoner who was kept in Bonds almost thirty years Roger de Lacy had his Lands taken from him and given to his Brother Hugh who faithfully adhered to the King [5.] Ibid. C. The Earl of Chester gave 3000 l. to be restored to favour and many others Compound for their Crimes Hugh Earl of Chester was privately chidden by the King and gave 3000 l. to be restored to favour as likewise he received of many others great Sums of Money as Compositions for their Crimes [6.] Ibidem The Earl of Owe had his Eyes pulled out and his Testicles cut off and William Earl of Owe being openly Convicted had his Eyes pulled out and his Testicles cut off Many others the King spared out of Policy by the Advice of his Council This year Malcolm King of Scots on Bartholomew-day came to King William as they had before appointed for the Establishing a firm Friendship between them but William would neither see or speak with him and further would have constrained him to have done him right according to the Judgment only of his Barons in his own Court but he refused to do it unless in the Confines of both Kingdoms where the Kings of Scotland used to do right to the Kings of England according to the Judgment of the Chief Men of both Kingdoms Flor. Wigorn. f. 646. A. D. 1093. and not long after William Rufus surprized [7.] Buchâ—rer Scot. lib. 7. p. 214. Flor. Wigor f. 645. Malcolm King of Scots and his eldest Son slain the Castle of Alnewick in Northumberland which Malcolm King of Scots presently besieged where he and his eldest Son Edward were both slain and Donald his Brother was elected King by the Scots or rather as [8.] P. 215. An. Do. 1093. Donald usurped the Crown of Scotland Buchanan relates it he usurped the Crown by the assistance of Magnus King of Norwey to whom he promised all the Islands This news so soon as it reached Duncan Son or [9.] Ibidem Bastard of Malcolme as Buchanan calls him being then in King Williams Army [1.] Florent Wigor f. 646. Duncan by the Assistance of Rufus obtained Scotland begged and obtained his Fathers Kingdom of him and sware Fealty to him for it and with a Multitude of English and Normans marched speedily into Scotland expelled Donald and Reigned in his stead Next [2.] Ibidem Anno 1094. The Welsh invade England year the North-Welsh West-Welsh and South-Welsh laboured to shake off the Yoke of Servitude they burned and harassed the Towns in Cheshire Shropshire and Herefordshire and killed many English and Normans which caused William to return into England about the later end of December and presently Lead an Army against the Welsh where he lost many Men and Horses In the mean [3.] Order fol. 722. B. while the untamed and intractable Normans who not restrained by a rigid Governor were fit for any Mischief [4.] Ibid. D. Many great Normans desert Duke Robert many whereof corrupted by Gifts or drawn away by terror as Robert Earl of Owe Stephen of Albamarle Gerard de Gournay Ralph de Conchâ— Robert Earl of Mellent Walter Giffard Philip de Braiosa and Richard de Curcey and many others with all their People and Strong Holds adhered to King William because he was dreadful to them [5.] Ibidem fol. 723. A. He passed over his Dukedom to Rufus for 10000 Marks by which means Normandy was in great Confusion and became uneasie to Duke Robert who destitute of Friends by the Advice of some Religious Persons resolved to pass over his Dukedom to his Brother Rufus [6.] Ibid. Flor. Wigor fol. 648. Duke Robert goes to Hierusalem Anno Domini 1095 1096. who received it to keep for him for five years upon condition to lend him 10000 Marks while he finished his Expedition with others to Hierusalem This famous Expedition of the Christians against the Infidels was first [7.] Ord. fol. 723. A. B. Flor. Wig. 647. 10000 Marks raised with much difficulty set on foot by the Preaching of Peter the Hermite of Amiens and afterwards
greatly encouraged and mightily advanced by the Council of Clermont in France called by Pope Vrban for that purpose by which means many of the chief Nobility of Christendom and especially of France and Germany became Undertakers in this Holy War Much to do there was to raise this 10000 Marks which William imposed upon his Great Men. [8.] Ibidem fol. 648. The Bishops Abbats and Abbesses brake the Gold and Silver Ornaments of their Churches and the Earls Barons and Viscounts or perhaps Sheriffs only fleeced their Villans and such as held in Knight Service of them [9.] Ibid. Order fol. 765. A. Anno Domini 1097 1098. Rufus by his severity keeps the Normans in due subjection In September Rufus passed the Sea made Peace with his Brother paid him his Money and received Normandy as a Pawn for it and kept the Normans in due subjection by his severity during the time he lived almost five years William thus possessed of Normandy [1.] Ibid. fol. 766. A.B.C.D. 667. B. Anno 1098. Vales Not. Gal. fol. 588. Rufus clâ—ims Veuxin Francois and the chief Town in it claimed the French (f) Le Veuxin Norman le Veuxin Francois The People that inhabited this Country were called by Caesar in his Commentaries Bellocassi by others Veliocassi by some Vilcassâ— and Vulcassini and the Country called Pagus Vulcassinuâ— and Vilcassinus Veuxin Norman Veuxin Francois The Norman Veuxin is seated between the River Andelle upon which are placed Ratepont Churlevil Fleuri and falls into the Seyn a little above Pont-larch and the River Iâ—ta Etta Epta or Ryta upon which New-March Gournay Gisoâ—s Dangu and St. Cleâ— are seated and it falls into the Seyn between Vernon and le Roche Guion Veuxin Francois is seated between the last River Epte and the River Isara Ese or Oyse upon which stands Pontoyse c. Some part of Veuxin Norman lies beyond the River Andelle towards Rouen These ancient names are antiquated and not to be found but in ancient Authors Charts and Monuments Veuxin of Philip King of France and the chief Towns thereof Pontoyse Chaumont and Mant and after a years Scuffle for it by Burnings Rapines and leading the People into Captivity on both sides the two Kings came to a firm Peace Rufus his Business in England requiring his presence there which probably was the Arming of the Welsh and the fresh attempts they made upon England [2.] Flor. Wig. fol. 648. for about this year King William the second time marched into Wales with intention to kill all the Male Sex but of them he scare found or killed any yet he lost some of his own Men and many Horses [3.] Ibid. Buch. â—er Scot. p. 216. Duncan slain Donald usurps Edgar Son of Malcolms made King Presently after this Duncan being treacherously slain and Donald usurping again in Scotland Aedgar Atheling was sent thither with an Army to expel Donald and to make Aedgar King then the eldest Son of Malcolme and here in England under the Protection of William which was effectually done [4.] Florius supra Order fol. 772. D. An. Dom. 1098. Then having news that the City Mans and Countries of Anjou and Main had revolted he returned into Normandy besieged and took the City Anjou and Main revolt and are reduced and reduced the Countries to obedience bringing Elias the Earl of Maine to his own Terms [5.] Ibidem ut supra In the mean while Hugh Earl of Chester and Hugh Earl of Shrewsbury with an Army attempted the Isle of Anglesey wherein they took many Welsh and killed them and pulled the Eyes out of some others after they had first chopt off their Hands and Feet they cut off their Testicles [6.] Ibidem Magnus King of Norway invades Anglesey This was the time when Magnus King of Norwey invaded this Island in resistance of whom seven days after this Cruelty upon the Welsh Hugh Earl of Shrewsbury lost his Life The next [7.] Ibid. 649. An. Do. 1099. year the King returned out of Normandy into England and held his Court in the Solemnity and Feast of Pentecost at London when he gave [8.] Ibidem to Ranulph whom he had appointed to manage the Affairs of the whole Kingdom the Bishoprick of Duresme The greatest Action now on foot in Christendom was the prosecution of the War against the Turks and Jerusalem being taken Princes Zealous to prosecute the Holy War and the Christians much prevailing in Palestine others of the Christian Princes that were first engaged in the Holy War as 't was termed became inflamed with a Zeal of assisting in and prosecuting of it Amongst whom [9.] Ord. fol. 780. B. C. William Duke of Poictou was one and that he might the better raise a considerable Force and accomplish his Design he sent to William Rufus Ambassadors to borrow Money Acquitain Pawned to William Rufus for the security thereof he offered to Pawn to him the Dutchy of Aquitain (g) By Aquitaine here cannot be understood all the Province anciently so called but only that part of it which lay between the Rivers Loir and Garone as the Countries of Poictou Saintonge Angoumois Perigorâ— c. and all his Countries The King most willingly embraced the Proposal [1.] Ibid. C. A great Fleet prepared to take possession of Aquitain and Commanded a mighty Fleet to be prepared and a great Body of Horse to accompany him out of England that he might hinder his Brother Roberts return into Normandy take possession of Aquitain and extend the bounds of his Empire as far as the River Garone [2.] Ibidem fol. 781. B. An. Do. 1100. In the Month of July this Royal Navy which was to carry over immense Sums of Silver and Gold was near ready to set sail but before it was altogether sit to put out to Sea the King on the [3.] Florent Wig. fol. 649. Anno 1100. Gemet lib. 7. c. 10. Second of August Hunting in (h) Cambden in Hantshire New-Forest Part of Hantshire so called at this day it contained in compass thirty Miles in this space of Land William the Conqueror depopulated all the Towns and Villages and demolished thirty six Parochial Churches to make it a Forest New-Forest was slain by an Arrow Shot by (i) He was a rich Inhabitant [9.] Orderic fol. 78. A. Walter Tirrel what he was of Pontoyse a generous Knight or Soldier potent amongst the Great Men in Arms very dexterous and therefore a Familiar and Constant Companion to the King Walter Tirrell a French-Man whether at a Deer or the King is uncertain and the next day carried to Winchester and buried in the old Monastery in the Church of St. Peter Rufus is slain The Ecclesiastick Affairs in this Kings Reign These were the Military and Secular Atchievements of William the Second which kept him in constant Action and Employment yet perhaps his Magnanimity was no less exercised by
from his Fidelity and Industry that Henry at that time lost not the Kingdom of England And Robert failing in the trust reposed in the great Men and fearing to be Excommunicated by Anselm as an Invader made Peace with his Brother and dismissed his Army Florence [4.] Fol. 650. lin 27. of Worcester says as above that very many of the great Men sent for Duke Robert over and promised him the Crown and Kingdom and coming they did some of them adhere to him and others dissembling their Kindness and Affection to him staid with the King But the Bishops Common Soldiers or Stipendiaries and English remained with him being unanimously ready to fight for him The two Brothers are reconciled by the Mediation of Wise Men. The Terms of Peace At which time the Wise Men on both sides consulted together and by their Mediation made Peace between the Brothers on these Conditions That Robert should yearly receive 3000 Marks and that all such as had their (d) In the Latine Honores suos which signifies strictly the Seat and Head of the Earldom or Barony but generally Earldoms Baronies and Honourable Estates Earldoms and Baronies taken from them in England for their Fidelity to the Duke and all those that had the like Estates taken from them in Normandy for their Fidelity to the King should have them again freely without Compositions Ordericus Vitalis gives a third Relation of this Transaction In the year of our Lord [5.] Fol. 785. An. Do. 1101. says he 1101. the Seditious great Men fearing the Magnanimity of King Henry and loving the easiness of Sloathful Duke Robert sent to him that he would suddenly provide a Fleet to transport himself [6.] Ibidem fol. 786. A. that is to say Robert de Belism his two Brothers (e) He was so called because [9.] Malms f. 88. b. n. 30. Rogerus Pictaviensis who he was Domesd in iisdem Comitat. His great Estate he Married a Poictovis Woman and was the same Roger Pictaviensis who in the Conquerors Survey is said to have possessed all the Lands between the Rivers Rible and Mersey in Lancashire and so much more as made 188 Maners in that County 76 in Yorkshire three in Essex 59 in Suffolke 11 in Nottinghamshire seven in Derbyshire 10 in Norfolke 44 in Lincolnshire in all 398. Roger the Poictovin and Arnulph William de Warrenna Earl of Surrey and Walter Giffart Ivo de Grentemaisnil Robert the Son of Ilbert and many others who first privately entred into a Confederacy and then publickly advanced the Dukes Title Anselm the Arch-Bishop and all the Bishops and Abbats and all the Clergy and English adhered to their King as also did Robert Earl of Mellent and others [7.] Ib. 787. B. Aug. 1. In Autumn Robert landed at Portsmouth where he was received of the Nobility who had long since done him Homage The two Brothers remained with their Forces in a [8.] Ibid. fol. 788. A. B. C. Plain some days and there was daily an Intercourse of Messengers between the Noblemen on both sides without effect At length only the two Brothers by consent without any Assistants met between the two Armies and after some Discourse agreed That Robert should quit his Claim to England and release the Homage his Brother had done to him in respect of the Royal Dignity That Henry should yearly pay to him 3000 l. Sterling and render up to him the whole Country of Constance and all he possessed in Normandy except Damfront They also then agreed upon mutual Assistance and that they should resume all their Fathers Lands and Demeasns And lastly That they should equally punish the Fomenters of Discord and Contention on both sides After this Agreement the Duke staid here two Months and then he returned and with him William de Warrenna and others that had lost their Estates in England for his sake Not long after [1.] Ord. Vit. f. 804. C. D. The Duke mediates for the Restitution of the Earldom of Surry to William de Warrenna The King rebukes him for it William de Warrenna made a sad Complaint to the Duke that for his Cause he had lost his Earldom of Surrey of the yearly value of 1000 l. and prevailed with him to come over into England to mediate with the King for the Restitution thereof But moving him in this matter he upbraided him with breach of the Peace for not bringing Publick Traytors to Punishment and not exercising a due severity upon Turncoats telling him he had that very year kindly received Robert de Belesin and given him his Fathers Possessions the Castle of Argentoile the Bishoprick of See's and the Forest of Golfer [2.] Ibidem fol. 805. A. Duke Robert releases the Annual payment of 3000 l. The Earl of Surry is restored To all which was charged upon him the Duke humbly promised amendment and at the Instance of the Queen he released the Annual payment of 3000 l. whereupon the King was reconciled to him renewed the former Peace and restored William de Warrenna to his Earldom who ever after remained faithful to Henry and was numbred among his chiefest Friends After King [3.] Ord. Vit. fol. 787. B. 804. C. Henry had made Peace with his Brother and was confirmed in his Kingdom he began by degrees to punish such Traytors as deserted him and adhered to and invited over Duke Robert He summoned to Trial Robert Mallet Ivo de Grentemaisnil Several Traitors summoned to Trial. Robert de Pontefract the Son of Ilbert Lacey and Robert de Belism the greatest of them all with many others yet not all at once but severally at divers times and after divers ways he impleaded them as guilty of violation of their Faith Some were Fined others lost their Estates Some of them that could not purge themselves of the Crimes wherewith they were charged he condemned in great Sums of Money and from others which he most feared and suspected he took away their Estates and banished them When the mighty Earl [4.] Ibidem fol. 806. A. An. Do. 1102. Robert de Belism summoned to Trial. Robert de Belismo was summoned to the Kings Court there were objected to him forty five Crimes in Words and Deeds committed against the King and his Brother the Duke of Normandy and he was Commanded to Answer openly to every one of them for the King by the space of a year had set Spies upon him who observed and committed to Writing all his oblique Actions He being thus charged asked leave He flies to his Castles as the Custom was to go to Counsel with his Friends and having obtained it knowing he could not purge himself of the Transgressions objected to him in great fear he fled to his Castles while the King with his Barons were expecting his Answer The Kings Serjeant came and informed them that Robert had made his escape The King issues a Proclamation against him to appear He fortifies his Castles
whereupon the King issued his Proclamation that unless he came in and submitted himself to Tryal he was adjudged a publick Enemy But in stead of appearing before the Court he fortified his Castles praying Aid of all the Normans that were of his Alliance of the Welsh The King raised an Army Angliae Exercitum Convocavit Arundell Castle besieged and all others of his Relations or Affinity Upon this obstinacy the King presently called together the Army of England and besieged his Castle of Arundel in Sussex and building several Castles about it departed The Besieged Petitioned the King for leave to dispatch Messengers to their Lord that he would either send them Relief or permit them to reconcile themselves to the King which was granted And seeing he could not help them very sorrowfully gave them leave to make their Peace with him At this time the King [5.] Hoved. fol. 69. a. n. 20. Tikhill and Bridgnorth Castles besieged Commanded the Bishop of Lincoln with part of the Army to besiege Tikhill Castle while he himself went and besieged Bridgnorth Castle in Shropshire from whence Robert was gone to Shrewsbury Here the King stayed three weeks and by [6.] Ibidem n. 30. Shrewsbury Manned against the King The Welsh joyn with the Earl against the King Gifts corrupting the Welsh in whom the Earl placed most confidence they rendred to him the Castle Robert stayed not long in Shrewsbury but left it to the care of Roger the Son of Robert de Nevil and Vlger Venables with whom he joined eighty Stipendiary Soldiers and made Peace with the Welsh and drew their Kings Caducan and Gervat the Sons of Rese to his Party by whom and his own Forces he often disturbed the Kings Army [7.] Ord. Vit. f. 807. A. B. C. The Earl disinherited William Pantulf He assists the King and by Gifts and Promises brings the Welsh to the Kings side Before this time the Earl had disinherited William Pantulf a great Man in Shropshire who withdrew his Assistance from him and returned to the King who forthwith sends him 200 Soldiers and makes him Governor of Stafford Castle from whence by Excursions he mightily annoyed the Earl above all others and at length by Promises and Gifts brought off the Welsh Kings and their Forces to the Kings side After this the King demanded the Town of the two Governors and threatned that if it were not delivered in three days he would Hang all he should take there The Governors Treat with the King by the Mediation of William Pantulf who was Allied to them Shrewsbury delivered to the King The Stipendiaries had leave to depart with their Horse and Arms. and they the Townsmen and Burgesses were willing to save themselves and deliver up the Town The Stipendiaries knew nothing of this Treaty but remained faithful to their Master and therefore when the King entred the Town he permitted them freely to depart with their Horse and Arms. The King having thus subdued his Enemy [8.] Ibid. fol. 808. A. B. C. The King takes away his Earldom of Shrewsbury and his Lands Banisheth his two Brothers and endeavours to extirpate that Family in England he took away his Earldom and Lands and all the Estates of such as adhered to him and gave him safe Conduct to pass beyond Sea and with him he sent away the two wealthy Earls his Brothers Roger Pictaviensis and Arnulph and seized their Estates his Enmity being such against Robert that he endeavoured totally to extirpate that Family in England They being [9.] Ibidem C. D. Robert de Belismo wasted Normandy expelled out of England there followed mad work in Normandy for three years together Many Towns were burnt and Churches with the People in them that fled to them for safety Almost all Normandy rose up against this boisterous and unquiet Robert de Belismo but they wanted a Head and a Leader of such Courage as might subdue so great a Waster and Subverter of his Country He was a Man of Parts and Cunning and had a considerable Strength about him and supported himself by his Wealth which he had treasured up in thirty four strong Castles He had thirty four strong Castles that he had formerly built with a design of Rebellion He only enjoyed his Fathers Estate He gave his Brothers nothing of his Fathers Estate Roger dies Arnulph leaves his Brother not suffering his Brothers to possess any part of it although for his sake they had lost their Fortunes Roger left him and took himself to Carof-Castle which was his Wives Inheritance and there grew old and died Arnulph after many difficult Undertakings for him to no purpose grew discontented and fell off to the Duke seized the Castle of Amanisca now Almenesches delivered it to him and such as favoured his Brother that were in it In the Territory also of See 's many with Arnulph left the Turbulent Earl and delivered their strong Holds to the Duke Although he was much [1.] Ibid. fol. 809. A. Robert de Belismo burns the Abby of Almanisca dismayed at the Revolt of his Brother yet hearing some of the Kings Troops were quartered in the Abby of Almanisca with design to harass and plunder the Country He presently marched thither fired and burnt it he there took many Prisoners whereof some he punished with death others he dismembred In the mean time the Duke was with the Army of Normandy at Hiâ—smes and marching towards the Earl he drew up his Forces and many ways attempted the Duke He rouâ—s the Dukes Army and boldly charging him upon a Causey put him to flight and made many his Prisoners Puffed up with this success and scorning the Duke he endeavoured to bring all Normandy under his power the Country where he was and the Neighbouring Territories submitted to him not being able to resist He took in the Fortress of Hiesmes and Gunters Castle now Gontel and many other Garisons round about him About this time died [2.] Ibidem fol. 810. B. A great War and Contention in Normandy about a private Estate William de Britolio or Breteul without lawful Issue His two Grandchildren William de Guader and Raynald de Cracey contended who should succeed him The Normans rather chose for their Lord his Son Eustachius by a Concubine as more affecting one born in their own Country though a Bastard than either a Britain or Burgundian from whence there arose great War among the Adverse Parties and great desolation of the Country William de Guader soon died and left Raynald to contend with Eustachius [3.] Ibid. C. To Raynald (f) These were Norman Barons and this Ralph de Conchis was the same [4.] Gemet lib. 8. c. â—7 Ord. Vit. f. 813. D. 522. C. Person with Ralph de Todineiâ— Lord of Flamstead in Hampshire who afterward Married Alice one of the three Daughters of Judith Widow of Waltheof Earl of Huntington Northampton c. Niece to the
the Twenty ninth year of his Reign this King [3.] Huntingd. f. 220. a. n. 10 20. The punishment of Priests permitted to the King He Compounds with them for the enjoyment of their Wives and Concubines Kiâ—g Henry's Taxations held a great Council on the First of August for the prohibiting of Priests to make use of their Wives or Concubines in which the Bishops and Clergy by the easiness of William Arch-Bishop of Canterbury granted to the King the Correction and Mulcts of the Priests for this Transgression He makes his advantage of it and upon Composition and a yearly payment permits them to enjoy their Wives and Concubines and by this means raised saith Huntingdon an infinite Sum of Money The extraordinary Taxations of this King are not particularly noted nor is it said how they were imposed In the Fourth year of his Reign [4.] Fol. 652. An. Do. 1104. Florence of Worcester says it was not easie to declare what misery England suffered by reason of the Kings Exactions In the Sixth year of his [5.] Eadm fol. 83. n. 30 40. Reign his Impositions were general and cruel according to Eadmers report and besides other rigorous Exactions from the Clergy he set a particular Sum upon every Parish Church and forced the Incumbent to pay it or according to the Historian to redeem the Church In the Eighth year of his Reign he had for the [6.] Hen. Hunt f. 217. b. n 10. Marriage of his Daughter Maude to the Emperor Henry the Fifth three Shillings of every Hide of Land in England which upon a just value at this day would be equal to 824850 l. In the Sixteenth year by reason of the Kings necessities England was oppressed with [7.] Ibidem f. 218. a. l. 6. Paris f. 67. lin 3. frequent and various Payments and Exactions I find no Scutage paid unless it were comprehended under Gelds and Exactions No doubt but it was often paid especially by such as did not accompany the King in his several Expeditions being summoned and sometimes also as an Aid at other times Besides his extraordinary Exactions if there be any credit to be given to the Laws attributed to this King or that are said to be in use in his time he had a constant annual Land Tax which is there called Danegeld of Twelve pence upon very (m) This Hidage or Danegeld was at first collected to hire Soldiers to repell the Danish Pirats upon their Landing Hidage or Danegeit what it was as it is said in the [1.] LL. Ed. C. 11. Laws attributed to Edward the Confessor But Florence of Worcester says more truly [2.] Flor. Wig. An. Do. 991. Ibid. in the same years that it was paid as a Composition and Tribute to the Danes that they might desist from their Rapines Burnings and killing of Men upon and near the Sea Coasts and for to have a firm Peace with them and that the first Payment made and Money given was 10000 l. in the year 991. In the year 994. they received 16000 l. Tribute in the year 1002. 24000 l. in the year 1007. 36000 l. in 1012. 48000 l. in 1014. 30000 l. in the year 1018. 72000 l. of all England and 10500 l. of London In this Kings Reign [3.] Lib. Nigr. in Scaccario Tit. 19. The price of Victuals in this Kings Reign Wheat to make Bread for One hundred Men one day was valued at one Shilling a Ram or Sheep at four Pence and the Allowance or Hay and Provender for twenty Horses one day at four Pence So that if we set things at twenty times the value now they were then that is that one Shilling or Groat then would buy as much as twenty Shillings or Groats will now and go as far in ordinary Expences which is no hard Account it follows that every 10000 l. then must be equal to 200000 l. In the time of the Heptarchy there were in England [4.] Cambd. Brit. f. 114. South of Humber 244400 Hides of Land bâ—sides what was in Wales and perhaps Cornwall and the five Counties beyond Humber Yorkshire Bishoprick of Durham Westmorland Cumberland Northumberland and part of Lancashire which at one Shilling per Hide amounts to 12220 l. which multiplied by twenty produceth 244400 l. and then allow the five Counties and part of Lancacashire to be the eighth part of the Nation Wales excluded there ought to be added 30550 l. more which makes the annual Tax of Hidage then at one Shilling per Hide equal to 274950 l. now Hide to be paid at certain Terms and a forfeiture set upon such as did not duely pay it Henry the First his Issue 1. HIS Lawful Issue by Maude of Scotland was only one Son named William who was drowned as aforesaid and died without Issue 2. One Daughter commonly called Maude the Empress because first Married to Hen. 5 th the Emperor Her second Husband was Geofry (n) Plantagenet or Plantagenist that is Planta genestae or Broom Plant Plantagenet the reason of the name because he wore in his Cap or Bonet a Sprig of Broom Plantagenet Earl of Anjou by whom she had Henry the Second King of England and two other Sons [3.] Chron. Norm 994. A. Geofry and [4.] Ibidem 999. C. William that died without Issue His Natural Children 1. RObert created Earl of Gloucester in the Ninth of Henry the First by [5.] Geneal Hist of the Kings of England fol. 45. Nesta Daughter of Rhees ap Tewdor Prince of South Wales 2. Richard begotten of the [6.] Ibidem fol. 30. Widow of one Anskil a Nobleman in Oxfordshire he was drown'd with Prince William his half Brother 3. Reynald created Earl of Cornwall in the Fifth of King Stephen was begotten of [7.] Fol. 50. Sibill Daughter of Sir Robert Corbet of Alcester in Gloucestershire 4. Robert by [8.] Fol. 30. Edith Daughter of a Northern Nobleman of England 5. Gilbert Ibid. f. 31. 6. William [9.] Ibidem de Tracey so named from a Town in Normandy who died soon after his Father 7. Henry by [1.] Ibidem Nesta aforesaid 8. Maude [2.] Ibidem f. 32. espoused to Rotro Earl of Perch who was Son to Arnulph de Hesding that had great Possessions in England 9. Another Maud [3.] Ibidem Married to Conan Earl of Britain 10. Julian [4.] Ibidem Married to Eustace de Pacie Bastard Son of William de Breteul eldest Son and Heir of William and elder Brother of Roger Earl of Hereford in England 11. Constance [5.] Ibidem f. 33. Wife of Roscelin Viscount of Beaumont so called from a Town in the County of Mayn 12. [6.] Ibidem Married to Matthew Son of Burchard of Montmorency from whom descended the ancient Family of that name 13. Elizabeth [7.] Ibidem by Elizabeth Sister of Waleran Earl of Mellent Married to Alexander King of Scots All these Base Children of this King are recounted in
after there happened some Discontent between Lewis [5.] Ibidem f. 985. B. Anno Domini 1151. The King of France and his Queen dissatisfied one with another They are Legally Divorced King of France and his Queen which so increased that they thought of a Separation by Consent and in Lent the Arch-Bishops and Bishops were Assembled at Bangency a Town upon the River Loir and it appearing by their Oaths they were Allied in Blood and that there was Consanguinity between them they were in the Close of Easter duely separated by Ecclesiastick Authority And about [6.] Ibidem Henry Duke of Normandy Marries her Whitsunday the Duke of Normandy Married her by the name of Alianor Countess of Poictou she being Inheritrix of that Earldom and the Dukedom of Aquitan At which Marriage the [7.] Ib. C D. The King of France displeased with that Marriage He Invades Normandy c. Duke Henry makes Peace with the King of France and beats his Brother out of Anjou King of France was much moved for he had only two Daughters and no Issue Male by her and with Eustachius Son of King Stephen Robert Earl of Perch the Son of Theobald Earl of Blois and Geofry his younger Brother joined together to take from him Normandy Anjou and Aquitan When the Normans thought all would suddenly be lost he so ordered his Affairs and behaved himself with such Conduct and Resolution that he made Peace with the King of France and beat his Brother out of Anjou and forced him to make Peace with and be reconciled to him While he was setling and securing Normandy and his Territories in France King Stephen thought also to secure and establish the Crown of England upon himself and Family and to that purpose called [8.] Chron. Ger. col 1371. n. 50. Hen. Hunt f. 226. b. n. 30. a General Council at London That is to say Theobald the Arch-Bishop the Bishops and Great Men of England He propounded to them the Coronation of his Son Eustachius King Stephen desired to have his Son Eustachius Crowned The Arch-Bishop refused to do it that thereby he might deprive Duke Henry of his Right and particularly required the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury to whom of Ancient Right it belonged to Anoint and Consecrate Kings that he would perform that Office to his Son who Answered That the Pope by his Letters had forbidden him to Crown or Anoint his Son because he contrary to his Oath had Usurped the Kingdom For this Repulse [9.] Chron. Gervas Col. 1372. lin 1. Hen. Hunt ut supra the King his Son and those which favoured him were vehemently Angry and shut up all the Bishops with their Primate in one House that by Threats and Terrors they might extort that which neither by Price or Prayer they could prevail in The Arch-Bishop made his escape out of the House and got over the Thames in a Boat leaving some of the Bishops wavering The Arch-Bishop flies beyond Sea and in a Complying Temper and fled to Dover and so beyond Sea And so the Kings Design was defeated which notwithstanding Mat. Paris says the Earls and Barons of England did Swear Allegiance and Fidelity to Eustachius Fol. 84. lin 3. For his Resolution in this Case and Flight the King seized and spoiled all his Lands and Possessions Not long after the King besieged [1.] Hen. Hun. ibid. n. 40. Chron. Gerv. ibid. n. 10 20. An. Do. 1152. Newbury Castle and took it and then came before Walingford and blocked it up close as they could neither well get out or any Victuals in and being thus pressed they sent Messengers to their Lord Duke Henry either to send Relief or give them leave to deliver the Castle to the King This year died [2.] Ibidem n. 30. Maud the Queen and Wife of King Stephen dies Maud the Wife and Queen of King Stephen on the Third of May and was buried in the Monastery at Feversham in Kent that her Husband and she had founded Duke [3.] Ibidem Duke Henry comes into England with an Army He takes Malmsbury Castle Robert Earl of Leicester comes in to him Henry all things being in pretty good order in France was hastned over with this news from Walingford came with an Army into England and first of all Besieged and took Malmsbury Castle where Robert Earl of Leycester came in to him and also more than thirty strong Castles with their Garisons submitted to him From [4.] Ib. 1373. n. 20 30 40 50. Hen. Hun. f. 127. b. n. 10 20. The Duke besiegeth Craumerse Fort and Relieves Walingford Castle The King and Duke meet and Treat Nothing is Concluded Malmsbury he went with all speed to Walingford to relieve his almost famished Friends there and besieged the Castle or great Fort of Craumerse He compassed it about and all the Kings Forces in it with a large Ditch or Trench and so ordered the matter that his Forces in Walingford might go out but those which he had begirt could no ways get out King Stephen Collected all the Forces he could to raise this Siege when Duke Henry was informed he was coming towards him he left his Trenches and went to meet him with his Army drawn into Order ready to Fight Both Armies being ready for Battle in a great Plain William Earl of Arundel Mediated a Truce or Treaty between the Duke and King After some Discourse of Peace they came to no Conclusion but referred themselves to a further Treaty and each parted to his Army Before the second [5.] Ibidem 30 40. Treaty and Overtures for Peace Eustachius King Stephens eldest Son and Simon Earl of Northampton both died at the same time the two great and Potent Enemies of Duke Henry whose deaths facilitated the finishing of the ensuing Peace Theobald Arch-Bishop of Canterbury laboured heartily between the King and Duke to bring them to an Accord [6.] Ib. f. 228. a. lin 3. Henry also Bishop of Winchester who had horribly troubled the Nation by making his Brother King now moved with Repentance when he saw the Nation ruined with Rapine Fire and Slaughter [7.] Joh. Brompton Col. 1037. n. 40. An. Do. 1153. assisted in the finishing this great Work of Peace by which it was Concluded That King Stephen should Reign as King during his Life and that Henry as Lawful Heir should succeed him The Bishops and Barons were summoned by the Kings and Dukes Precept to Winchester in the end of November to give their Assent to the Peace and Confirm it by Oath The Charter of King Stephen containing all the Articles of this Peace may be seen in the [8] N. 35. King Stephen dies An. Do. 1154. Appendix He lived not a year after this Peace so solemnly Confirmed departing this Life upon the 25 th of October in the year following 1154. and was Buried at his Monastery in Feversham In the Fourteenth of this King Anno Domini 1149. Mat. Westm An.
put himself into the Town with an Army which King Henry for the [4.] Ibidem f. 996. A. The Person of the King of France secures the City Cahors taken c. Honour he bare to him would not besiege but by force and through fear the greatest part of the Earldom was made subject to him He also took the City of Cahors From this Action of the King of France arose great Enmity between the Kings and the Normans and French prosecuted one another with Fire and Sword Gervase the Monk of Canterbury * Col. 1381. lin 3. The Relation of the Expedition of Tholose by Gervase of Canterbury gives a different Relation of this Expedition to Tholose He says the King took Scutage to the value of One hundred and fourscore thousand Pounds in England and accordingly in his other Countries That there were with him the King of Scots and a certain King of Wales and all the Earls and Barons of England Normandy Aquitan Anjou and Gascony and many others of divers Countries Horse and Foot That the City was besieged from Midsummer to Holy-Mass and that the King of France defended it so well as the King of England could not take it and so was forced to raise his Siege Fitz-Stephens * P. 8. Col. 2. in vita Thomae c. Reports That in this Expedition the Chancellor had 700 chosen Knights or Gentlemen that served on Horseback of his own Family or Dependents Cancallarius de propria familia lectam manum Militum septingenta Milites habebat and that if the King had followed his Advice he had taken Tholose and the King of France in it but being possessed with a vain Superstition and Reverence toward his Lord the King of France who had made himself his Enemy he never invested the City but went from it satisfying himself with the taking the City of Cahors and many Castles in the Neighbourhood of Tholose for the keeping whereof all the Earls refusing that Service only the Chancellor with his Attendants and Retinue and Henry de Essexia the Kings Constable stayed there who after the King was gone took in three strong Castles which seemed inexpugnable The Chancellor himself appearing before them in his Arms and then passing the River Garonne reduced all that Country and made it subject to the King from whence he went to him and was received with great Favour and Honour In the Month of October [5.] Ib. C. D. King Henry having fortified Cahors as a Check upon Tholose and recommended it to the Care of Thomas * That is Thomas Becket his Chancellor and having fixed Garisons in Places necessary and convenient and confiding in the Assistance of Raimond Berengar Earl of Barcelone Tranchevel Earl of Nimes and William of Montpelier King Henry returns into Normandy destroys and burns Towns and Villages his faithful Confederates he returned into Normandy and thence with a great Force went into le Beauaisis destroyed the strong Castle of Guerberes and burnt many Towns and Villages Simon Earl of Montfort at that time delivered up to King Henry his Places of Strength in France Rochfort Montfort Espernon and the rest with great detriment to the King of France for none of his People could pass freely from Paris to Stamps or Orleans for being disquieted with the Normans he had put into those Castles and for this Cause a Truce or Cessation of Arms was made between the two Kings A Truce between the two Kings from December until eight days after Whitsunday In his return from this Expedition of Tholose William Earl of Moreton died without Children and King Henry took his Earldom into his Hands In this War * Ibid. p. 9. Col. 1 2. between the Kings of France and England on the Borders of their Territories the Chancellor besides his own Retinue the Seven hundred Horse or Knights had 1200 others Stipendiaries and Four thousand * Or it may be these 4000 Servientes were Foot for sometimes there were Servientes pedites Servientes or Ordinary Horse or Attendants for one Month and every Knight or Miles received every day to provide for his Horses and Esquires ad Equos Armigeros c. three Shillings of that Country Money Ipsi Milites The Knights themselves had their Diet from the Chancellor who though he was a Clerk Tilted with a Knight of France named Engelram de Trie and with his Lance unhorsed him and gained his Horse In the whole Army of the King his Knights were always the first that engaged and always dared most The King and Queen kept their [6.] Ibid. D. f. 997. A. Christmass at Falais from whence she went for England and not long after * 'T is so said in this Author But see Anno Dom. 1166. Maud the Empress sickned and died and by the Advice of her Son gave all her Riches to be distributed to the Churches Monasteries and the Poor In May following there was a [7.] Ibidem firm Peace Established between the two Kings * Vid. Rob. de Monte. An. Do. 1161. A Peace between the two Kings A Norman great Council or Parlement In July Henry called together all the Bishops Abbats and Barons of Normandy at New-Market and King Lewis all his Bishops Abbats and Barons at Beavais where they Treated about the Reception of Pope Alexander chosen by the Cardinals and the Rejection of Victor elected by the Emperor Frederic and his Friends They consented to the first and disowned the last In September Queen Alienor [8.] Ibid. B. by the Kings Command returned into Normandy and carried with her his Son Henry and his Daughter Maud. In October [9.] Ibidem the two Kings met again and confirmed the former Peace Upon the [1.] Ibid. Rad. de Diceto Col. 523. n. 20 30. A. D. 1160. Henry and Margaret are Married Third of November by the Authority and Allowance of Henry of Pisa and William of Papia Priest Cardinals and Legats to the Pope there was a Marriage solemnized between Prince Henry the King of Englands Son of Seven years of Age and Margaret Daughter of King Lewis by his second Wife Constantia the * King Lewis Married her after the Divorce of Alienor Chron. Nor f. 989. D. The three Templars Commanders of these Castles were Robert de Pirou Tostes of St. Omer and Richard de Hastings The King of France expelled them his Kingdom but the King of England received and much enriched them Hoved f. 282. a. n. 10. Daughter of Alfonso King of Spain about Three years of Age who was then at Newburgh in the Custody of King Henry by which Marriage he obtained the Castle of Gisors which by Agreement of the two Kings was to remain in the keeping of Knights Templars until the Consummation of a Marriage between these two young Persons and then to be delivered to King Henry With Gisors he received also as Dependencies upon it the Castles of Neausle
up his Army The King of France sent to the King of England the Arch-Bishop 〈◊〉 Sens Earl Henry and Earl Theobald unto him to let him know next day which was the peremptory day he would have Conference with him but he neither came nor sent and so he by a trick gained the Burgh The great Burgh gained by a trick The King of France his Army flies King Henry the elder Relieves Verneul When he had it the King of France dare not keep it but entred the Town plundered it burnt the Burgh and slying carried the Burghers Prisoners with him into France So soon as the King of England knew it he pursued them killed many and took very many and returned that Evening to Vernol Lodged there that Night and Commanded the Walls that were battered down to be repaired up This Action was on the 9 th of August Next day he went from [9.] Ibidem n. 30 40. Takes Damvile Vernol or Verneuil and took Damvile the Castle of Gilbert de Tileres and in it Multos Milites Servientes many Knights and Esquires or Servants from thence he came to Roven and sent his Brabanters in which he most conâ—ided Sends his Brabanters into Britany into Britany against Hugh Earl of Chester and Ralph de Foâ—geres he was Lord of a Castle of that name in the Conâ—ines of Normandy and Britany who had seized upon almost all that Country The Earl and Ralph came to meet them and in a pitch't Field and plain Battle the Britans were vanquished The Britans vanquished in a pitch't Field Seventeen of their stoutest Knights taken those two and the most Potent of the Britans fled to the Castle of Dole In the Battle were taken seventeen of the stoutest Knights Hasculf of St. Hilary William Patricius or Patric Haimer de Falcilia Patric de Landa Geofry Farsi William de Rulent Ralph de Sennes John Pincerna or Butler the * He was the Deputy-Lord Casteliaâ— or Governor of Dole 1500 Britans slain Viguier or Vicar of Dole William de Leges William de Mota Robertus de Treham Paganus Cornutus Reginald Pinzun Reginald de Campo Lamberti Eudo Bâ—stardus besides many others Horse and Foot and there were slain above 1500 Britans in the Battle which was fought on the Twentieth day of August The next day [1.] Ibidem n. 50. b. lin 1 c. The Brabanters besiege Doâ—e in Britany The King of England goes to them The Tower of Dole rendred after this Battle the King of England had news of it and forthwith marched towards Dole which the Brabanters presently after their Victory had invested and gave order for his Peâ—rars Machins to cast great Stones into Towns or against the Walls to be fitted and prepared with other Warlike Engines but the Earl of Chester and such as were with him in the Tower not being able to defend it rendred themselves on the Twenty sixth day of August and in like manner all Britany with its Fortresses and Places of Strength was delivered to him [2.] Ibidem b. n. 10 20. The Earl of Chester taken Prisoner and all Britany reduced The Historian names fourscore Earls Barons and Great Men that were taken in this Tower or Castle besides as he says many others he did not name After these [3.] Ibidem n. 30. A Treaty between the King and his Sons Victories the King of France and his Adherents began to despair and endeavoured by all means to make Peace between King Henry and his Sons The place appointed for the meeting and Treaty was between Gisors and Trie Thither came Lewis King of France with the [4.] Ibidem Arch-Bishops Bishops Earls and Barons of his Kingdom and brought with him Henry Richard and Geofry Sons of King Henry who came also with the Arch-Bishops Bishops Earls and Barons of his Dominions on the Twenty fifth of September [5.] Ibidem In hoc Colloquio In this Conference and Treaty the King the Father offered the King his Son His great Offers to them half the Rents of his Demesns of England and four Castles there or if his Son had rather Reside in Normandy he offered him half of the Revenue of that Dukedom and all the Revenue of Anjou three Castles in Normandy one in Main one in Anjou one in Turain [6.] Ibidem To Richard he offered half the Revenue of Aquitan and four Castles there and to his little Son Geofry he offered all the Hereditary Estate of Earl Conan if by the consent of the Pope he could Marry his Daughter Constance [7.] Ibidem n. 40. And further he referred himself to the Judgment of the Arch-Bishop of Moustierâ—en Tarantais and the Popes Legats to add to their Revenues what they should think just and equal reserving to himself Royal Justice Dignity and Power But it was not the mind of the King of France such a Peace should be made for presently after the Treaty he and the young King [8.] Ben. Ab. p. 52. b. Hoved. ut sup n. 50. The Earl of Leicester comes into England with an Army of Flemmings Hageneth Castle taken sent Robert Earl of Leicester with an Army of Flemmings into England who with his Countess and Army landed upon the Coast of of Suffolk about the Feast of St. Luke and were received by Earl Hugh Bigod into his Castle of Framingham where he furnished them with Necessaries The Earl besieged Hagenet a Castle whereof Ranulph de Broc had the keeping and within four days took it and proceeding from thence to Leicester it was told him there was a great Force got together about St. Edmunds-Bury and being surprized at the News he returned At this time Richard de Lucy [9.] Ibidem Ben. Ab. p 53. a. â—oved f. 307. a n 10 20. Richard Lucy and Humfrid de Bohun make Truce with the King of Scots Justiciary of England and Hâ—mphry de Bâ—hun the Kings Constable were gone forth with a great Army to waste the Dominions of the Kings of Scotland they had burnt Bâ—rwick and spoiled the Country round about it but receiving the News of the Earl of Leicester they made Truce with the King of Scots until the Feast of St. Hillary and gave and took Hostages on either side for the performance of it This done Humphry de Bohun marcheth as fast as he could toward St. Edmunds-Bury expecting the coming of the Earl of Leicester There came into his assistance Reginald Earl of Cornwall * This should rather be William for Robert was then Son to William Earl of Gloucester They with the assistance of other Earls rout the Earl of Leicesters Army And kill Ten thousand Flemmings The Earl of Leicester and his Countess taken Prisoners Robert Earl of Gloucester and William Earl of Arundel about the Feast of All-Saints came from Framingham with his Army near to St. Edmunds-Bury in a place called Fornham in a Marsh or Meadow not far from the Church of St.
Pay according to Contract but retained Earl Hâ—gh and his Knights and delivered to them his Castle of Alverton which they were to defend Huctred the Son of [2.] Ibidem Huctred Prince of Galway rejects the Government of the King of Scots Expels his Officers out of his Country Kills all the English Fr. he could take Destroys the Fortress the King of Scots had raised Fergus Prince of the Country of Galway and his Brother Gilbert so soon as they heard their Lord the King of Scots was taken with their Galwalens returned home and expelled out of Galway all the Bayliffs and Ministers or Keepers the King of Scotland had imposed on them and killed all the English and French they could apprehend all the Fortresses and Munitions the King of Scots had built and raised in their Country they besieged took and destroyed and put to the Sword such of the Defendents as fell into their hands While these things were done in the [4.] Ibid. b. Norwich fired The Soldiers from Leycester fight with the Burgesses and Soldiers of Northampton and beat them c. North Earl Hugh Bigot came with his Flemmings to Norwich and fired it and presently after Whitsunday Anschelil Mallore the Constable of Leicester went with his Soldiers to the Kings Town of Northampton and the Burgesses with the Soldiers they had within went out to meet them they fought and the Leycestrians were Victors carrying away with them 200 Prisoners and a great Booty At the same [5.] Ibidem Geofry Elect of York destroys the Fortress in the Isle of Axholm time Geofry the Kings Base Son Elect of Lincoln called together the Forces of Lincolnshire and besieged the Fortress Roger Mowbray had built in the Isle of Axholm took it in few days and demolished it and as he was going to assist the Leycestrians he was taken by the Country People at a place called Claye So soon as Geofry [6.] Ibidem The Castle of Massarch taken Elect of Lincoln had taken and destroyed this Castle he joyned himself to the Arch-Bishop of York and they besieged Roger Mowbray's Castle of Massarch and took it with many Knights and Servants in it and it was delivered into the Custody of the Arch-Bishop of York While these Bishops [7.] Ibidem Nottingham plundered and burnt were busie in Yorkshire Robert Earl of Ferrers with the Soldiers of Leycester came very early in the Morning to Nottingham the Kings Town whereof Reginald de Lucy was Governor which they presently took without difficulty and burnt it killed the Burgesses and carried many away Captive and what Prey they could get Toward [8.] Ibidem p. 56. b. Huntington Castle besieged The Town burnt The Earldom of Huntington claimed in the Kings Court. Midsummer Richard de Lucy besieged Huntingdon Castle the Garison had burnt the Town before his coming Richard de Lucy built a Fortress before the Gates of the Castle so as none of the Garison could go out with safety and by the Kings Command put it into the hands of Earl Simon who claimed the County of Huntingdon in the Kings Court as his Inheritance which the King granted to him if he could get it At [9.] Ibid. p. 57. a. The young King of England and Philip Earl of Flanders come with a great Army to Gravelin Intending to come for England Midsummer the young King and Philip Earl of Flanders at the Instigation of the King of France and the Request of the Earls and Barons of England came with a great Army to Gravelin in Flanders where there were Ships ready to Transport them In the mean while the old King was with his Army in Poictou and subdued many Forts and Castles The old King subdues Saincts takes many Castles and Forts in Poictou and at length came to the City of Saincts entred it and took two Towers whereof one was called the great Tower wherein were many Knights and Esquires or Servientes He likewise besieged the Cathedral which was fortified and Victualled against him and within few days possessed himself of that where he took also many Knights and Servants afterwards he returned into Anjou about St. Barnaby he took Ancena He wastes that Country extirpates the Vines and Fruit-Trees the Town of Guininon de Ancena and built there a strong Fortress and placed a Garison in it After this he wasted the whole Province and extirpated the Vines and Fruit-Trees and then returned into Normandy The young [1.] Ibidem p. 57. a. Hoved f. 308. b. n. 20. The young King and Earl of Flanders Wind-bound The old King Lands at Portsmouth King and the Earl of Flanders were yet at Gravelin detained with contrary Winds King Henry the Father to oppose and bring to nothing what they might do in England he went speedily to Barfleu and landed at Southampton the Eighth of July with both the Queens the Brabanters and his Prisoners the Earls of Leycester and Chester From thence he went toward Canterbury and so soon as he saw the Cathedral there where Arch-Bishop Thomas was buried he behaved himself as will be related afterward His Devotion or Submission and Pennance there ended He besieged and took Huntington he moved with his Army toward Huntington and besieged it and forced it to surrender on the Twenty first of July upon Mercy saving the Lives and Limbs of the Defendents From thence the King marched [2.] Ibidem Ben. Abb. p. 27. b. He marcheth to Framingham Earl Hugh Bigot delivers that and Bungey Castle to him The Bishop of Durham delivers his Castles The Constables of the Earl of Leicester delivers his Castles Roger de Mowbray and Earl Ferrers deliver their Castles with his Army toward Framingham Castle where Hugh Bigot was with a great Force of Flemmings and pitcht his Tents before it and on the Morrow on the Twenty fifth of August the Earl came and made Peace with the King and delivered his Castles of Framingham and Bungey and with great difficulty obtained of him that the Flemmings might depart home From thence the King went to Northampton where came to him the Bishop of Durham and delivered him that Castle the Castles of Norham and Alverton and he scarce could obtain of the King that Hugh Earl of Bar his Nephew and the Soldiers or Knights that came with him out of France should return from whence they came And on the same day the Thirty first of July came to him Ansketil Mallore and William de Diva Constables of the Earl of Leycester and rendred the Castles of Leycester Montsorrel and Groby and the same day came to him Roger Mulbray or Mowbray and rendred his Castle of Treske and then also came the Earl of Ferrers and delivered his Castles of Stutesbury and Duffeld While [3.] Ibidem p. 58. a. b. Hoved. ibid. n. 40. The young King and Earl of Flanders recalled from Gravelin Roven besieged The old King Lands at Barsleu in Normandy these things were doing
in England the King of France recalled the young King and Earl of Flanders from the Sea Coast and with a great Army besieged Roven but prevailed little against it for the Barons and Knights of Normandy that heartily loved Henry the Father put themselves into the City and courageously defended it This news coming to King Henry the elder his Affairs in England being in a great measure setled with great speed he went to Portsmouth and on the Eighth of August being Friday landed at Barfleu in Normandy and carried with him his Brabanters and One thousand Welsh With him he also carried William King of Scots the Earls of Leycester and Chester and first imprisoned them at Caen and afterward at Falais On Sunday next he came to Roven the next Morning early he sent the Welsh beyond the River Seyn to search the Woods on that side of the Town where the King of France was with his Army they met with forty Waggons laded with Wine and Victuals from France The Welsh take a French Convoy of Wine and Victuals the Drivers and Convoy fled the Welsh pursued and took some and killed others and returning to their Prize they broke the Waggons and staved the Wine Vessels leading away the Horses The Report whereof coming to the King of France and his Army they thought of nothing but slight The King of England in the mean time cleared the Gates the Citizens had stopped up and marching out filled up the Ditch which was drawn between the King of France his Army and the City The King of France then Commanded That his Stone-Casting and other Warlike Engines should be broken and burnt He also Commanded his Soldiers to Arm. The King of England came up to his Tents with his Soldiers or Knights and their Servants and the King of France his Knights and Servants or Esquires came out of their Tents and charged furiously the English The English beat the French who took and wounded many of them and killed most of their Horses Next Morning William Arch-Bishop of Sens and Theobald Earl of Blois came to the King of England and asked Leave that the King of France might safely Retreat with his Army to Malhauny The Siege raised upon Condition he came next day to Treat with the King of England and that he should do so they both obliged themselves by their Faiths and Oaths and so the King of France departed with his Army to the place appointed and there staid but about Midnight The King of France regards not his Promise An. Do. 1174. he privately caused his Soldiers to march and they halted not until they came into France not regarding the Faith and Oaths of the Arch-Bishop or Earl by which for his advantage they had obliged themselves This Retreat of the King of France happened on the Fourteenth of August On the day following the Arch-Bishop and Earl came again [4.] Ibidem p. 58. b. p. 59. a. to King Henry the Father and propounded a * Colloquium That was the word as much used in the old Historians French and English as Concilium was for a Parliament Richard Earl of Poictou Rebels against his Father He flies before his Father and leaves his Castles and Fortresses He casts himself at his Fathers Feet and begs Pardon Conference or Treaty between him and the King of France at Gisers upon the Feast of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary or Eighth of September at which time they met but could not agree but appointed another Colloquium or Treaty on Michaelmass-day between Tours and Ambois upon Condition that the King of England the mean while might march into Poictou to subdue his Son Richard they swearing That neither the King of France nor the youg King nor any for them or on their Party should give or send him Relief When he came into Poictou his Son Richard dare not stand him but fled from every place where he thought he would come and relinquished the Castles and Fortresses he had formerly taken and when he heard the King of France and his Brother had made Truce with the King his Father and excluded him he was mightily troubled and came weeping and cast himself at his Fathers Feet and asked his Pardon He moved with Paternal Compassion received him into favour and kissed him [5.] Ibidem p. 59. a. Hoved. f. 309. a. n. 30 40 50. Who forgives him This Peace was made between his Father and him on the Twenty third of September Richard went with his Father to meet the King of France and his Brother that he might inform them what he had done On Michaelmass-day all Parties met between Tours and Ambois according to Agreement and the day following the young King and his Brothers All his Rebellious Sons submit to his Mercy according to the Advice of the King of France submitted themselves to their Fathers Mercy and made with him Articles of Peace and confirmed them with their Seals I. The young King [6.] Append. n. 35. Articles of Peace between old King Henry and his Sons Henry and his Brothers Richard and Geofry should return to the Obedience of their Father notwithstanding any Oaths of which they were to be absolved they had made between themselves or with others against him or his Men. II. That all their Men Tenents in Military Service or such as had otherwise done Homage to them and Barons such as held immediately of them their Baronies that had for their sakes receded from the Fidelity they ought to their Father were by them to be freed and acquitted from the obligation of such Oaths and Covenants they had made with them and so were to return into the Homage and Allegiance of their Lord the King III. The King his Men and Barons were to re-have and possess all their Lands Castles c. which they had fifteen days before the Rupture between Father and Sons Likewise the Kings Barons and Men that left him and followed his Sons were to have again all their Lands they had at the same time IV. The King the Father remitted all Evil Will towards his Barons and Men which left him so as for that he would do them no Evil so long as they served him faithfully as their Liege Lord. The like the young King remitted to all Clerks and Laicks which were in his Fathers Service and gave Security he would not procure their hart or damage in his whole Life V. By this Concord the King was to give his Son Henry two convenient Castles in Normandy by his own appointment and 15000 l. yearly of Anjou Money To his Son Richard two convenient Receptacles or Places of Receit in Poictou so as no damage might accrue to his Father from them and in Money half the Revenue of Poictou To his Son Geofry he gave in Money half the Fortune or Revenue he was to have by his Marriage of Earl Conans Daughter and after he was Married to her by Consent of
Wales to meet him viz. Rese the Son of Griffin King of South-Wales David Son of Owen King of North-Wales Cadwalan King of Delwain Owen de Kevilian Griffin de Bromfield Madoc Son of Gervet Chone and many others of the most Noble of Wales who all did Homage and sware Fealty to him against all Men and that they would keep Peace with him and his Kingdom To King David who had Married King Henry's Sister he gave the Land of Ellesmar and to King Rese the Land of Merionith These things [9.] F. 323. b. n. 20 30. Hoveden says were done in a General Council at Oxford and that there King Henry made his Son John King of Ireland c. More of which afterwards On the Sunday before [1.] Ben. Abb. p. 98. b. 99. a. The Tenents in Capite attend the King with Horse and Arms. Ascension-day the King was at Winchester where by his Precept all the Earls Barons and almost all the Knights or Soldiers that held of him in Capite came to him prepared with Horse and Arms to know his Commands for at that time he had caused most of the Ships of England and Normandy to be ready at Portsmouth and Southampton to Transport them with the King On Ascension-day the King gave them leave to go Home and return to Winchester again in the Octaves of St. John Baptist which is the first of July and then to execute his Commands The King [2.] Ibidem p. 103. a. He defers his passing into Normandy with his Tenents in Capite until he sent to the King of France about the Contracts of Marriage made between their Children was at Winchester at the time appointed and his Tenents in Capite ready to pass into Normandy with him but deferred his Voyage until the Envoys he had sent to the King of France [3.] Ibidem p. 99. b. to know whether he would stand to his Bargain and Contract concerning his two Daughters Margaret and Alice and his two Sons Henry and Richard and whether he would give them the Lands he promised them in Marriage were returned They came [4.] Ibidem p. 104. a. The King of France refuseth to stand to his part of the Bargain but would force the King of England to make good his and procures the Popâ—s Legat to threaten an Interdict The King of England by â—is Bishops Appeals from the Legat to the Pope not themselves but by special Messengers let the King know the effect of their Negotiation with the King of France which was That the King of France would part with no Land and yet expected his Son Richard Earl of Poictou should Marry his Daughter Alice and if he did not the Popes Legat threatned and was ready to put all his Dominions as well on one side of the Sea as the other under an Interdict The King Advised with his Bishops viz. Richard Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Geofry of Ely Bartholomew of Exceter and John Bishop of Chichester and other Wise Men of his Kingdom that were then with him what he should do in this matter They Counselled the King by the Bishops that were there to Appeal to Pope Alexander against his Legat which they did and put the King themselves and the whole Kingdom under his Protection and the King sent to the Arch-Bishop of York that he and his Province should make the same Appeal as the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury had done in his Province This was about the Twelfth of July Notwithstanding this [5.] Hoved. f. 325. b. n. 30. Appeal the King about the middle of [6.] Ben. Abb. p. 107. b. He passeth with his Army over Sea August passed into Normandy from Portsmouth and almost all the Earls Barons and Knights of England followed him On the Twenty first of [7.] Hoved. ut supra The Covenants of Marriage between the Children of the two Kings Upon Conference they agree September the two Kings came to a Conference at Yurâ— in presence of the Legat and the great Men of both Kingdoms where the King of England gave his Faith that Richard his Son Earl of Poictou should take Alice Daughter of the King of France to Wife if her Father would give him with her in Marriage the City of Bourges with its Appurtenances as it was Covenanted between them and to Henry his Son all the French Veuxin that is all the Land between Gisors and Pontoise which he promised to give him in Marriage with his Daughter And because the King of France would not perform these things he would not permit his Son Richard to Marry his Daughter Alice Yet in this Conference by Advice of the Cardinal and Legat and the Princes of both Kingdoms there was Amity and final Concord made between them Benedict the Abbat [8.] P. 108. a. says That King Henry granted that his Son Richard should * He was Affianced to her but never Married Marry the Daughter of the King of France and so they made Peace which was confirmed by their Faith Oaths and Seals Which was to this [9.] Ibidem purpose I. They Agreed [1.] Append. n. â—6 Articles of Agreement between the two Kings to take upon them the Cross and to together to Jerusalem against the Infidels II. That if either were injured or affronted they should assist each other III. That all manner of Discord might be cut off between them they granted each to other that from thence forward neither of them should demand of the other any Lands or other things they were in possession of except what was in Contention between them in Avergn and except the Fee of Castle-Ralph and the small Fees and Divises or Limits of Lands in Berry about which if they could not Agree between themselves there were three Barons and three Bishops named on either part who were to determine of their Right according to the Oaths of such Lay-Men as understood and knew it and they to stand to their Determination IV. That if either of them should die in their Journey the other should have the Management of the Men and Money and whole Affair V. That if they should both die in the Journey they were before they set forth to choose such of their honest and faithful Men or Vassals de probis fidelibus hominibus nostris to whom they should commit their Money the Leading and Government of their Soldiers and the Ordering of the whole Service or Expedition VI. They were to appoint such Governors of their Dominions in their absence as in all Difficulties should assist one another VII That Tradesmen Merchants and all Men as well Clerks as Laymen with all their Goods should be secure and free from molestation in both their Dominions This Treaty [2.] Hoved. f. 326. a. n. 50 c. Ben. Ab. p 109. b. The Statute of Verneul so called being ended the King of England went to Verneul and there upon the Petition of the Good Men of Grammont he Ordained in the presence
Sunday in Lent at which day He the Patriarch the Bishops Abbats Earls and Barons of England William King of Scots David his Brother and the Earls and Barons of that Kingdom met at London and then Deliberating and Advising about this Affair they unanimously agreed the King should Consult the King of France and so the Council was dissolved The King gives all his Subjects leave to take upon them the Cross And the King gave leave to all his Subjects as well Clerks as Laicks to take the Cross and thereupon Baldwin Arch-Bishop of Canterbury * Ranulph or as some Radulph de Glanvill Ranulph Justiciary of England Walter Arch-Bishop of Roven Hugh Bishop of Durham and many other Bishops in England and beyond Sea and almost all the Earls Barons and Knights of England Normandy Aquitan Britany Anjou Turain and Main undertook the Crusado On the Second of May [3.] Ibidem f. 359. a. n. 30. An. Do. 1185. Richard submits to King Henry his Father the King Heraclius Patriarch of Jerusalem the Bishop of Durham and many of the Chief Men of England went intâ— France in Normandy the King raiseth a great Army and sent to his Son Richard who had Armed Poictou against his Father and beaten Geofry his Brother Earl of Britany That unless he delivered all that Country to his Mother Alienor free and in Peace he would come and scourge him for his obstinacy and undutifulness At whose Command he laid by all Hostility rendred to his Mother Poictou and remained with his Father as a very kind Son A while after [4.] Ibidem n. 40. The Kings of England and France promise Relief for the Holy Land The Patriarch goes away dissatisfied the Kings of England and France had a Conference about the Relief of the Holy Land and they both promised to give very good Assistance in Men and Money But this pleased not the Patriarch for he hoped he should have carried back with him for the defence of it the King of England or one of his Sons or some other Man of great Conduct and Authority but because he could not do this he returned much disatisfied and confounded King Henry at [5.] Ib. f. 360. a. n. 20. The King of France promises to give Alice his Sister to Richard Christmass kept his Court at Damfront in Normandy and after that Solemnity at a Conference with Philip King of France at Gisors he sware he would deliver to his Son Richard Alice the Kings Sister that he might make her his Wife and the King of France granted to Richard with his Sister Gisors and all that his Father Lewis had granted with his Daughter Margaret to Henry the young King of England and swore he would never move any Question against them concerning those Lands After this Conference the King passed into England Soon after [6.] Ibidem Rowland the Scot makes his Peace with the King his arrival he marched to Carlisle with a great Army and intended to go further to correct Roland or Rowland the Son of Vctred the Son of Fergus for Disseising Dunecan the Son of Gilbert the Son of Fergus but Rowland came thither to the King and made his Peace with him The same year [7.] Ibidem n. 30. An. Do. 1186. Geofry Earl of Britany in a Military Conflict at Paris was kicked by and trampled under the Horses Feet and slain where he was buried in the Cathedral After whose [8.] Ib. f 361. a. n. 40 50. Geofry killed in a Military Coâ—flict at Paris by his Horse death Philip King of France would have had the Custody of his Daughter and then only Heir but the King of England would no way consent to it and sent Walter Arch-Bishop of Roven William de Mandevill Earl of Albamarle and Ranulf de Glanvill Justiciary of England at whose Request the King of France granted a Truce until the Feast of St. Hillary next In the mean time [9.] Ibidem b. n. 10. He left his Wife with Child of his Son Arthur Constance the Widow of Earl Geofrey whom he had left great with Child brought forth a Son who was named Arthur Next Winter [1.] Ibidem n. 40. the King carried over into France Cardinal Octavian and Hugh de Nunant that they might be present at a Treaty between him and that King at which Conference he made such intolerable Demands that they departed one from another without hopes of Peace After Whitsunday [2.] Ibidem n. 50. An. Do. 1187. Richard and John the Kings â—ons besieged by the King of France the King of France besieged the King of England's two Sons John and Richard with a great Army in Castle-Radulf Their Father comes to Relieve them the King of France meets him with his Army and draws it up in Batalia the King of England likewise rangeth his when by Advice [3.] Ib. f. 362. a lin 1. A Truce made for two years and Mediation of the Bishops of both Kingdoms they make a Truce for two years so as the King of France should posssess Issoudun for that time The Truce concluded [4.] Ibidem n. 10. Richard seizes his Fathers Treasure and fortifies his Castles Earl Richard against the Will of his Father remained with the King of France and such an Intimacy there was between them that they often eat together and lay in the same Bed His Father grew jealous of him and often sent for him out of France he pretending to come to him went directly to Chinon where his Fathers Treasure was and carried away the greatest part of it notwithstanding the resistance the Keeper of it made and with it fortified his Castle in Poictou and would not come at his Father At last he submits and does Homage Yet at length he once more returned and did Homage to his Father before many of the Clergy and Laity and swore to him Fealty against all Men upon the Holy Gospels and that he would never recede from his Advice On Christmass-day [5.] Ibidem f. 365. b. lin 1. n. 10. The King of France threatens to invade Normandy King Henry was at Caen in Normandy from thence he went to Barsleu and from thence into England So soon as the King of France heard he was gone he gathered a great Army and threatned to wast Normandy if he did not restore Gisors with its Appurtenances or Married not his Sister Alice to his Son Richard Upon notice of this the King presently passed into Normandy and on the Twenty first of January there was a Conference between them at the old place between Gisors and Trie where also were Convened the Arch-Bishops Bishops Earls and Barons of both their Dominions There was also at this great Convention the Arch-Bishop of Tire who Preached so effectually to them that all who were Enemies one to another were heartily reconciled Both Kings reconciled and receive the Cross and received the Cross from his Hands The Kings resolved to go
Laicks to Collect this Tenth but the King of Scots met them between Werk and Brigeham and would not permit them to enter into his Kingdom to collect them yet offered to give the King for them The King of Scoâ—s offers 5000 Marks and to have his Castles again Five thousand Marks of Silver After the same manner Philip King of France caused the Tenths of the Rents and Moveables hominum suorum of his Men or Subjects to be collected in all his Dominions This very year [4.] Ibidem n. 50. Raymund Earl or St. Giles makes War upon Richard the Kings Son and is conquered Raymund Earl of St. Giles Aimer Earl of Engolism Geofry de Rancune and Geofry de Lusignan and almost all the richest People of Poictou made War upon Richard Earl of that Country and he upon them who overcame them all and amongst other Prisoners he took one Peter Seillun that had advised the Earl of St. Giles to take some Merchants or Tâ—adesmen that were under Earl Richards Protection and Inhabitants of his Countries and use them ill The Earl kept him close Prisoner and when the Earl of St. Giles [5.] Ibidem b. lin 1. found he could not Redeem him Way-laid and gave order to his Castellans and Soldiers to apprehend any of the King of England's Sons Earl Richard's Subjects Within a little while they seize upon Robert Poer and Ralph his Brother two Knights of the Kings Family that had been in Pilgrimage at St. James in Spain and were returning home and delivered them to Earl Raymund who kept them in Prison until his Servant Peter was ser free Richard would make no exchange but said the Reverence of their Pilgrimage was sufficient to discharge them and therefore the King of France Commanded they should be set free neither for Respect to the King of England or his Son Richard but for the Reverence he bare to St. James the Apostle [6.] Ibidem n. 10. The Earl of St. Giles Released them not by the King of France his Command but for the great Ransom he had of them Earl Richard [7.] Ibidem n. 20. An. Do. 1188. Richard enters his Country and wastes it moved with this entred his Country with an Army and wasted it with Fire and Sword and besieged and took his Castles near Tholose The King of France hearing the Complaints of the People sent into England to King Henry to know whether the damages that were done in his Dominions by his Son Richard were done by his Order and demanded Restitution King Henry returned this Answer The King of France complains to the King of England That his Son had not done any thing by his Directions or Consent and that he had let him know by John Arch-Bishop of Dublin that he had done nothing but by Advice of the King of France At this time King Henry [8.] Ibidem n. 30 40. King Henry receives a Letter from the Patriarch of Antioch received an Epistle of the Patriarch of Antioch representing to him the miserable Condition of the Christians in the Holy Land How that on the Fourth of July 1187. Saladin Emperor of the Saracens or Turks in a pitcht Battle had killed their Prince Raimund with his own hands that there were of Bishops Templars Hospitallers and others that accompaâ—ed them 1200 slain and 30000 Foot besides those that were destroyed in the Towns and Cities which were taken there reckoned up to the number of thirteen That he then besieged Jerusalem and swore to take the Sepulchre and divide it into small pieces and throw it into the Sea c. To this the King [9.] Ibidem f. 367. a. n. 20 30 c. He Answers it and gives great hopes that Relief would speedily be sent sends an Answer to the Patriarchs of Jerusalem and Antioch in which he gives them great encouragement and tells them there was coming to their assistance such an Army of Christians as was never heard of nor seen before and that amongst the other Princes he and his Son rejecting and despising all the Glory and Pleasures of the World were coming towards them with all the speed imaginable But in the mean time [1.] Ibidem n. 50. The King of France enters Berry wiâ—h a great Army Philip King of France had raised a great Army and entred Berry and taken Castle-Radulf quod Burgenses reddiderunt ei which the Burgesses delivered to him and proceeding almost all Berry except Luches was delivered to him The King of England demanding a Reason of these things it was told him they were done in Revenge for the Injuries Richard Earl ' of Poictou had done to the King of France and Earl of St. Giles The King of [2.] Ibidem b. liv â— c. The King of France refuses to make Peace England Advising with his Friends sends Baldwin Arch Bishop of Canterbury and Hugh Bishop of Lincoln to the King of France that they might persuade him to Peace and when they could not he passed into Normandy and landed at Barfleu on the Eleventh of July and gathered together in Normandy and his other Countries a great Army In the mean time Richard Earl of Poictou enters Berry destroys the Lands of the Earls and Barons that adhered to the King of France and took some of them The King of France [3.] Ibidem n. 10. left Berry to William de Barres to defend it and went toward the King of England permitting his Soldiers to waste his Dominions He sends Walter Arch-Bishop of Roven John Bishop of Eureux and William Marshall to demand Restitution and unless he made it to defie him The King of France Answers he would not desist until all Berry and Veuxin-Norman was subjected to him Toward the [4.] Ibidem n. 20 30. Richard Earl of Anjou destroys the King of France his Countries The King of France desires Peace later end of August the King of England entred the King of France his Dominions His Son Richard took William de Barres Prisoner and his Father and he and William de Mandevill burnt and destroyed the King of France his Countries and took his Towns and Castles more and faster than he burnt and took theirs so as he sent to them and desired Peace and offered to part with what he had gotten in Berry They came to a Conference at [5.] Ibidem n. 40. They meet to Treat of Peace but cannot agree Gisors to Treat of Peace and when they could not agree the King of France in a mighty rage and anger cut down a brave spread flourishing Elm between Gisors and Trie where the Conferences were wont to be between the Kings of France and Dukes of Normandy and sware there never should be more Conferences in that place The [6.] Ibidem n. 50. Several French Lords lay down Arms. Earl of Flanders Earl Theobald and the other Earls and Barons of France laid down their Arms and said they would fight no more against
Christians until they returned from their Pilgrimage to the Holy Land The King of France destitute of his Friends desired a Conference with the King of England he consents and on the Morrow being the Sixth of October St. Faith's-day they met at Chasteaux The Terms propounded were [7.] Ibidem That the King of France should resign what he had taken since the Truce The Treaty for Peace renewed but without effect and that Earl Richard should resign what he had taken by War from the Earl of St. Giles and for Security the King of France demanded of the King of England the Castle of Passy which he would not grant and so they parted Enemies The King of France took the Castle of Palud as he went from thence and passed on to Castle-Radulf and brought the Plundering Brabanters from thence to Bourges promising them their Pay where he took away their Horses Arms and all their Goods and turned them off naked and without Arms. Earl [8.] Ibidem f. 368. a. lin 6. Richard offers to stand to a Tryal in the French Court. Richard offered to come into the Court of France and stand to the Law there for what had been done between him and the Earl of St. Giles that so he might make Peace between the two Kings which much displeased the King of England On the Nineteenth of October [9.] Ib. f. 370. a. n. 30. they had another Conference between Bon-Molins and Suleini where the King of France offered to render whatsoever he had taken by War upon Condition he would deliver his Sister Alice to Earl Richard his Son that he might make her his Wife and that he would permit him as his Heir to receive the Homages and Fealties of the Men of all his Dominions But King Henry being sensible of the ill Consequences of that and the Injuries and Mischiefs he had received for permitting it to his Son Henry and by exalting him he utterly refused to do it whereupon Richard was exceedingly displeased Richard swears Fealty to the King of France and without the knowledge or Consent of his Father did Homage to the King of France for all the Tenements or Lands of his Father in that Kingdom and sware Fealty to him against all Men and adhered to him and for his Homage and Fealty gave him Castle-Radulph and Issoudun with the whole Honour Yet the two Kings made a Truce [1.] Ibidem n. 30 40. A Truce agreed upon and Earl Richard Anathematized until the Feast of St. Hilary and Henry Bishop of Alba and a Cardinal whom the Pope had sent to reconcile the two Kings Anathematized Earl Richard as a Disturber of the Peace After the Feast of St. Hilary [2.] Ib. f. 37. b. n. 30. The King of France and Earl Richard wasted the King of England's Dominions when the time of Truce was expired the King of France Earl Richard and many other Earls and Barons that had left the King his Father and the Britans to whom the King of France and Earl Richard had given their Charts that they would not make a separate Peace with the King of England excluding them in a Hostile manner entred the Dominions of the King of England and wasted them every way John _____ Cardinal came from the [3.] Ibidem n. 40 50. An. Do. 1189. Pope to the two Kings to exhort them to Peace and he obtained of them to stand to the Judgment or Determination of himself the Arch-Bishops of Canterbury Rhemes Roven and Bourges and appointed them a day of meeting near Ferte-Bernard eight days after Whitsunday All to be Excommunicated that were Hinderers of the Peace except the two Kings and the Cardinal and four Arch-Bishops pronounced Sentence of Excommunication against all Men Clerks as well as others that should hinder the making of Peace excepting the Persons of the Kings themselves They all met at the time and place appointed and the Earls and Barons of both Kingdoms In this Conference the King of France demanded of the King of England that his Sister Alice might be given in Marriage to Richard Earl of Poictou and that the Homages and Fealties c. as in the last Treaty And further that John his Brother might receive the Cross and go to Jerusalem The King of England [4.] Ibidem f. 372. a. l. n. 2. The Treaty ends without success Answered That he would never consent to it and offered the King of France that if he would agree to it his Sister Alice should be given in Marriage to his Son John and that all things should be performed more fully than he desired but the King of France would not yield to this and so the Treaty ended without success The Cardinal [5.] Ibidem n. 10. The King of France values not the threats of an Interdict threatned the King of France that if he made not Peace with the King of England he would interdict his Dominions The King told him he valued iâ— not and said it belonged not to the Church of Rome to pronounce Sentence against the Kingdom of France when the King chastised his Men homines suos or Subjects for their Contumacy and Rebellion and the Injuries done to the Crown And added That the Cardinal had smelt or received some of the King of England's Sterlings The King [6.] Ibidem of France presently attempted * i. e. Firmitas Bernardi the Fortress of Bernard The King of France defeats the King of England's Army Ferte-Bernard and took it and Montfort and Beaumont and Mayen and Tours Ambais and Chaumont and all the Castles and Towns round the Country nothing stood before him Coming to the Relief of Mayen the King of England's Army was routed and he fled with 700 Horse many were slain in the pursuit The King with a few got into the Castle of Chinon [7.] Ibidem n. 20 30 40. And the King of France had now Conquered all Tourain and Main In the [8.] Ibidem n. 50. later end of June or beginning of July Philip Earl of Flanders William Arch-Bishop of Rhemes and Hugh Duke of Burgundy came to the King of England who was then at Saumur to make a Peace between him and the King of France [9.] Ibidem b. n. 10. The two Kings and Earl Richard with their Arch-Bishops Bishops Earls and Barons met at that time between Tours and Arasic where the King of England submitted himself wholly to the Will and Pleasure of the King of France King Henry does Homage to the King of France and then did Homage to him because in the beginning of the War he had defied him and denied his Dominion and the King of France had disowned and disclaimed his Homage These were the Terms of Peace [1.] Ibidem n. 20. The Articles of Peace between King Henry and the King of France Dictated by the King of France First â—That his Sister Alice which the King of England had in Custody
N. 38. Conditions and Articles between King Henry and Roderic granted to Roderic his Liegeman the Kingdom of Conaught so long as he should serve him faithfully that he should be a King under him ready at his Service as his * Sicut homo suuâ— Vassal or Man and that he may hold his Land as well and in Peace as he held it before the King of England entred Ireland paying unto him Tribute c. Second If any of his People were Rebels to the King of England and him and refused to pay Tribute by his hand and to perform other Rights to the King of England he should Justice or punish and remove them and if he could not Justice them the Constable of the King of England and his force should do it c. with several other things mentioned in the Concord it self In this Council King Henry [7] Hoved. f. 313. a. n. 10. Augustin made Bishop of Waterford by King Henry gave unto Mr. Augustin and Irishman the Bishoprick of Waterford then void and sent him over with Laurence Archbishop of Dublin to be consecrated by Donat Archbishop of Cassil In the next year [8] Ibid. f. 316 a. n. 20. A. D. 1176. Pope Alexander the Third sent Vivian Priest Cardinal Legat of the Apostolick See in Scotland and the circumjacent Isles and in Ireland and Norwey to hear and determine in Ecclesiastical Causes This year about the beginning of June died [9] Ib. b. lin 6. Earl Strongbowe dyes at Dublin Earl Strongbowe at Dublin of whose death Reymund then in Desmond [1] Girald Cambr. ut supr c. 14. had notice from his Lady Basilia which he indeavoured to keep private from the Irish and immediately upon the news he called a Council of his most knowing and trusty Friends to consider what was to be done in the present Constitution of Affairs and for that Reymund was suddenly to depart for England they resolved to remove the Garison out of Limeric and disperse it into the Maritim Towns and the strong places in Leinster to reinforce them and to leave the charge and defence of that City Reymund commits Limeric to O Brien to Donald O Brien or Breen of Tuomond Prince of Limeric as one of the King of England's Barons who gave new Hostages and made fresh Oaths for to defend the Town restore it to the King of England upon demand and to preserve the Peace But the English were no sooner over one end of the Bridge He breaks down the Bridge and fires the Town but Donald caused the other end to be broken down and the City to be fired in four places from hence the Army marched to Dublin The Irish Annals place the death of Earl Richard and the coming of Cardinal Vivian into Ireland in the year following A. D. 1177. The Kings [2] Ibid. c. 1â— Commissioners after the Earls death make hast into England and acquaint the King with the change of Affairs in Ireland who forthwith sends (a) This William was reckoned as one of the Houshold or Dapifer to King Henry the Second Hoved. f. 301. b. n. 40. and was Seneschal of Normandy Poictou or some other his Dominions in France he was Luxurious and Proud yet Covetous and scraped together much Wealth by indirect as well as fair courses He was harsh unkind and injurious to the Officers both Military and Civil which he found in Ireland He was negligent in his Government and therefore continued but a short time in it Girald Cambren l. 2. c. 16 17. William Fitz-Adelm * In Hiberniam procuratorem misit Procurator thither with ten Knights or Men at Arms of his private Guards or William Fitz-Adelm sent Procurator into Ireland Houshold to attend on him and joyned with him John de Curcy with whom he sent ten others of the same Quality Also Robert Fitz-Stephan and (b) * F. 293. b. n. 10 Hoveden calls him Miles de Coggeham Richardus Comes de Striguil magno congregato exercitu invasit Hiberniam maximam illius partem subjugavit sibi auxiliante eâ— Milone de Coggeham viro bellicoso facta concordia cum Rege Diviliniae filiam illius in uxorem duxit cum Regno Diviliniae that is Leinster Miles Cogan who for two years last past had served him nobly and bravely in his Wars of France and England with twenty to attend upon their Persons Reymund hearing they were landed marched to Wexford and received them with great respect and kindness and forthwith delivering up the Cities Garisons Forts and Hostages of all Ireland to William Fitz-Adelm as Senescal sent by the King John de Curcy [5] Ibid c. 16. f. 791. lin 1. John de Curcy holdly sets upon Vlster finding William Fitz-Adelm to act Covetously Timorously and Deceitfully as not being faithful to those under his command or formidable to the Enemy He took out of the Forces of Dublin which by the sloath of the General and for want of Pay and their usual refreshment by Plunder two and twenty Knights or men at Arms and 300 others And boldly sets upon the Kingdom or Province of Vlster not yet attempted by the English Arms. Cardinal [6] Hoved. f. 320. b. n. 10 20. He takes Doun Vivian beforementioned was with King Guthred in the Isle of Man at Christmass and after Epiphany or Twelf-day passed into Ireland and remained at Doun the chief Town then of Vlster while he was there about Candlemass [7] Ibid. Girald Cambren Hibern Expugn lib. 2. c. 16. f. 794. n. 20. A. D. 1177. John de Curcy came before that place and took it without trouble the Governor Dunleue or perhaps Donald not being provided for a defence fled The Cardinal mediated a Peace between the King and John but without effect Whereupon Roderic King of that Province and Dunleue raise an Army of 10000 Irish in few days and march toward Doun to besiege it John de Curcy thought it could no ways be for his advantage to be shut up in a Fortress he had built in a corner of the City and therefore drew out the few men he had not exceeding seven hundred and went toward them resolving to try the Fate of a Battle He obtains a Victory over Roderic and Dunleve They came to a sharp and cruel Engagement wherein he obtained the Victory with a mighty slaughter of his Enemies though not without great loss on his own side Roger Poer a stout young Gentleman was the second eminent Person in this Action Giraldus Cambrensis in the same Chapter tells us of four other Battles fought by John de Curcy in Vlster but just only mentions them and the places where they were fought Stanihurst also in his [8] P. 182. History of Ireland passeth them over as briefly but Dr. Hanmer in his [9] F. 148. I take this to be the Book of Houth so often cited by Camden and Dr. Hanmer Chronicle of that Nation from
laudably and learnt the Wisdom of this World by which afterwards he knew well how to transact the Common affairs of the Church of England and the public business of the Kingdom or secular Government Reversus receptus in partem Sollicitudinis Reipublicae Londinensis vicecomitum Clericus rationalis effectus jam ibi laudabiliter se habens didicit prudentiam hujus Lucis [6] Ib. Col. 2. Qua postmodum probe noverat Communia Ecclesiae Anglorum publica totius Regni egregie magnificè tractare negotia He [7] Ibidem How he was brought to the knowledge of Arch-Bishop Theobald was brought to the knowledge of Theobald Archbishop of Canterbury by two Brethren of Bologn Baldwin Archdeacon and Master Eustachius oftentimes his Fathers Guests and of the Retinue and acquaintance of the Arch-Bishop [8] p. 2. Col 2. By him he was imployed to Rome who sent him several times to Rome upon business concerning the English Church where he was in great favor with the Popes and great Officers of the Roman Church The [9] Ibidem p. 3. Col. 1. His first Preserment first Preferment he had was the Church of St. Mary in the Strand which stood I think where Somerset House is now built given him by the Bishop of Worcester then the Church of Otford given him by the Arch-Bishop Then he was made Prebend of St. Pauls London He went to Bononia and Auxerre and studied Law and also Prebend of Lincoln By leave of the Arch-Bishop he passed the Sea and Studied the Laws one year at Bononia in Italy and afterwards at Auxerre in France In process of time the Arch-Bishop ordained him Deacon and made him Arch-Deacon of Canterbury who was then after Bishops and Abbats the first and best Clergy man in England the Arch-Deaconry being worth to him one Hundred Pounds of Silver by the Year By the [1] Ibidem p. 5. Col. 1. He is made Chancellor His Popularity His Enterteinment and the manner of it mediation and procurement of the Arch-Bishop and the Bishop of Winchester he was made Chancellor and proved mightily popular His 2 House and Table was common to all Indigent persons of whatsoever order coming to Court There was scarce a day passed but he Eat with Earls and Barons which he himself invited he commanded his Roâ—ms of Entertainment should every day be strewed with fresh straw or hey in Winter and with fresh Rushes or green grass or leaves in Summer That the multitude of Knigts or Military men the Seats could not receive might sit down upon a clean floor lest their fine Cloaths and shirts might be Spotted and Sullied with the Dirt or Dust The [3] Ib. Col. 2. p. 6. Col. 1. The Kings and Noblemens Sons Committed to his Education Great men of England and Neighbour Kingdoms sent their Sons to serve him from whom they received ingenuous Education and were often Knighted and sent back to their Parents with honor The King himself placed his Eldest Son with him and recommended him to his Education whom with many of the Sons of Noblemen and their Retinue their Masters or Tutors and proper Servants he had alwaies with him and treated them with all due honor To him [4] Ib. Col. 2. p. 7. Col. 1. Noblemen and Knights without number did Homage which he received saving their Faith to the King Cancellario Hamonagium infiniti Nobiles Milites faciebant * 't is Homagium in Quadrilogus He receives homage of Noblemen c His Bounty and Liberality Quos ipse salba side Domini Regis recipiebat There was scarce a day in which he did not give some large boons as Horses Hawks rich Cloathes Gold or Silver utensils or money And his Liberality and bounty was such that he became the love and delight of all Europe and was most acceptable to the King Clergy Military men and people Regi Clero [6] Militia here signifies Tenents in Capite Earls Barons Knights and other Military men as it alwaies doth in old Historians Militiae populo erat acceptissimus Thus he behaved himself in Peace let us see what he did in War In the [7] Ib. p. 8. Col 2. His great Retinue Army and Siege of Tholose when all England Normandy Anjou Britany Poicton and Scotland furnished out Soldiers to the King The Chancellor had a chosen number of Seven Hundred Knights of his own Family or Forces See more of this matter in the Reign of this King f. 302. E. After [8] Ib. p. 10. Col. 1. Col. 2. He is made Arch-Bishop of Canterbury A. D. 1162. The See of London was then void Gervas Dor. Col. 1669. n. 20. the Death of Theobald the King being confident he would serve and obey him according to his will and pleasure as when he was Chancellor resolved to preferre him to the Arch-Bishoprick To which he was unanimously chosen by the Suffragans of his Province and in the year of our Lord 1162. in the Octaves of Pentecost on the Feast Day of holy Trinity in the Metropolitan Church in the presence of all the Suffragan Bishops was presented to the Church of Canterbury by Henry Son and Heir of King Hen. 2d and by Richard de Luci and other great men of England on behalf of the King then beyond Sea and was ordained by Henry Bishop of Winchester and Pope Alexander the 3d. sent him a pall by his Clerc or Chaplain John of Salisbury afterwards Bishop of Chartres in France and well known by the name of Ivo Carnotensis Hoveden says King Henry gave him the Arch-Bishoprick [9] f. 282. a. n. 20. Anno ab incarnatione Domini 1162. Hen. Rex dedit Tho. Cancellario Archiepiscopatum Cantuariae That is named him or gave him a Conge Destire After he was consecrated [1] Ib. p. 11 12 13. After his Consecration he changed his manner of living and proved Disobedient to the King Arch-Bishop he became another man put on a severe and rigid Monks Habit lived an austere life and altered chose and ordered his family accordingly and contrary to the Kings hope and expectation he withdrew himself from the Kings obedience and service and contradicted him in many things [2] Ib. p. 14. Col. 1. Postquam Rex Archiepiscopum fecerat a suo se retraxit obsequio in pluribus contradixit Some [3] Ibidem The Kings mind alienated from the Arch Bishop Court Clercs and Bishops about the King who fearing the Titles of their Preferments and the Arch-Bishops power perswaded him that if it should go on his power must come to nothing and unless he provided for the security of himself and Heirs he should at any time be King whom the Clergy would choose and he should Reign as long as the Arch-Bishop pleased [4] Ib. Col. 2. This saith mine Author was the first cause of the Kings displeasure against him It [5] Ibidem The Kings displeasure
Legats should absolve his Servants Courtiers and Counsellors The [1] Hoved. f. 295. b. lin 5. The Legats came Legats came accordingly and though Hoveden mentions them not yet certainly they were Gratianus nephew of Pope Eugenius and Vivianus an Advocate in the Roman Court mentioned in [2] Col. 1407. n. 40.50 Gervase of Canterbury to whom the King Granted the Arch-Bishop should return and enjoy his Arch-Bishoprick saving the Honor of his Kingdom Salvo Honore Regni sui and by whose industry and the Application of the King of France the Agreement was finished and brought on so far as the Kiss of Peace as before related King Henry [3] Ibidem Col. 1412. n. 10.20 Hoved. f. 296. b. n. 10.20 Ben. Abb. p. 30. a. b. King Henry's design to Crown his Son had a design to Crown his Son Henry King which was kept private yet the Pope either suspected or smelt it out for on the 2d of April he wrote to the Arch-Bishop of York and all the Bishops of England [4] Append. n. 58. The Pope prohibits the Arch-Bishop of York and all other Bishops to do it That if any such Coronation was they should not perform the Ceremony without the Consent and Privity of the Church or Arch-Bishop of Canturbury whose right it was to Consecrate Kings [5] Gervas Hoved. Ben. Abb. ut supra The day appointed for this Solemnity was the 14 th of June and he was anointed and Crowned by Roger Arch-Bishop of York Hugh Bishop of Durham Walter of Rochester Gilbert of London and Iocelin of Salisbury assisting him no mention having been made of Thomas to whom the Coronation and Consecration belonged in right of his Church Gervase of Canterbury said it was done in contempt of the Popes prohibition The King [6] Hoved. f. 296. n. 30. The King of France displeased that his Daughter was not Crowned with her Husband of France hearing his Daughter Margaret was not Crowned with the young King her Husband levied a great Army and invaded Normandy The King of England having notice of it left his Son in England and passed thither and in a Treaty at Vendosme made peace with the King in the Feast of * St. Mary Magdalen promising his Son should be Crowned again and his Wife with him Gervase of Canturbury says this Treaty and the Day was appointed before the Coronation of his Son In [7] Ibidem n. 40. Thomas complains to the Pope of the A. B. of York and other Bishops for Crowning the King's Son He suspends the A. B. of York and Bishop of Durham and Excommunicates the others the mean time Thomas complained to the Pope of the Arch-Bishop of York and the four Bishops that assisted at the Coronation of the new King in the Province of Canturbury at whose Instance he Excommunicated the Bishops of London Rochester and Salisbury and suspended the Arch-Bishop of York and Bishop of Durham from their Episcopal Offices and wrote to the last two [8] Appen n. 59. He accuseth the King for Depression and Diminution of the Church an Epistle wherein he accuseth the King for Depression and Diminution of the Churches Liberties That under pretence of preserving his Royal Dignities he destroyed them contrary to the Cannons and tells the Bishops how much he had been sollicited to confirm his Prevarications and Vsurpations meaning The Statutes of Clarendon That he had sent some Cardinals and others to soften him but he grew more obdurate and would not Abate the least of the Rigor of his perverse Laws That he seized the rights of the Church of Canturbury contrary to its Ancient Dignity That his Son Henry had been Crowned by him the Arch-Bishop of York without any Caution or Reservation of the Rights of the Church of Canturbury And to avoid Damnation suspends the Arch-Bishop of York and Bishop of Durham in performing of that Solemnity and at last least he should be involved with them at the day of Judgment in the Sentence of Damnation he suspends both the Arch-Bishop of York and Bishop of Durham from the Exercise of their Episcopal Functions Notwithstanding the late peace made at Vendosme [9] Hoved. f. 297. b. n. 10. The King of France his Arch-Bishops Bishops and great Men sollicited the Pope against King Henry He complys with them Lewis of France his Arch-Bishops Bishops and great Men of the Kingdom sollicited the Pope that he would not permit the King of England to make any further Delays as he loved the Kingdom of France and the Honor of the Apostolic See Upon which The Pope granted that unless he presently made peace with the Arch-Bishop his Kingdom should be Anathematized and put under Interdict And says the Historian it pleased God to change the Kings mind so that by the mediation and paternal Exhortation of the Pope and of the King of France by the advice of many Bishops [1] Ibidem n. 20. and supplicating intervention of great Men the King received him into favour and restored him unto his Church [2] p. 31. a. Benedictus Abbas says the peremptory day was at hand so as the Sentence could be deferred no longer and That the King of England being forced by Canonic severity at length hearkened to Peace and came to Amboise near Tours on the fourth of the Ides or twelfth of October with the Arch-Bishops Bishops and great Men of his Land where he met William Arch-Bishop of Sens and Theobald Earl of Blois who brought with them Arch-Bishop Thomas and the next day it pleased Divine Providence by the mediation of the King of France and by the Command and admonition of Pope Alexander and also by the advice of the Arch-Bishops Peace between the Arch-Bishop and King and Bishops of his Land the King received him into his Grace and Favour and pardoned to him and all that were with him in Exile his anger and ill-will Iram malevolentiam suam promising to restore wholly to him all the possessions of the Church of Canturbury as he held them a year before he went out of England All agree about the matter of this Treaty but differ about the Time and Place [3] f. 297. b. n. 30. Hoveden agrees with Abbat Bennet and says it was on the 4 th of the Ides or 12 th of October on a Hill between Tours and Amboise [4] lib. 3. c. 2.5 p. 46. Col. 2.6 Col. 1412. n. 30. Quadrilogus 5 Fitz-Stephen and 6 Gervase of Canturbury say it was on St. Mary Magdalens day or 22 of July at Fretevâ—ll between Chartrin and Main in a Meadow called the Meadow of Traitors The King and Arch Bishop being thus Reconciled he [7] Append. n. 60. The King writes to his Son to give him notice of the agreement wrote into England to his Son Henry to let him Know the Arch-Bishop had made peace with him according to his own Will and therefore Commanded him to let him and all with him have and injoy
much Barly and Wine accordingly And an hundred Gally's armed with their whole Furniture and Victuals for the Mariners or Gally-men for two years All these things he Claymed as heir to his Father King Henry to whom King William had devised them on his Death bed Tancred [8] Ibid. n. 10. What Tancred gave to him by advice of his wise men gave him 20000 ounces of Gold in lieu of his Sisters Dower and 20000 to be Quit of his other Demands and for a Marriage to be contracted between Arthur Duke of Britany King Richards Nephew and his Daugther And upon Executing the Charter of Peace between them [9] Ibid. b. n. 50. Tancred gave him other twenty thousand ounces of Gold to be free from all his Questions and Demands whatsoever And that for Tancreds greater security he should [1] Ibid. f. 386. a lin 2. n. 10. write to the Pope and give him an Account of their Agreement which Epistle bare [2] Ibid. 40. A. D. 1190. King Richard declares his Nephew Arthur his heir if he dyed without issue date at Messina November 11th wherein he Declares his Dearest Nephew Arthur his next Heir if he dyed without Issue This year Dyed [3] Ibid. f. 390. b. lin 5. n. 10. The Death of Robert Earl of Leicester Ranulph Glanvill and Baldwin Arch-Bishop of Canturbury Robert Earl of Leicester in Romania going to the Holy Land and Ranulph de Glanvill Dyed at the Siege of Acon and then and there also Dyed Baldwin Arch-Bishop of Canturbury and left Hubert Bishop of Salisbury his Executor who performed his Office faithfully and Distributed his Goods according to his Desire In the month of February King Richard sent his Gally's from Messina to Naples for his Mother [4] Ibid. f. 391. b. n. 10 20. Queen Alienor A. D. 1191. and Berengaria Daughter of Sanâ—â—us King of Navarre whom he was to Marry They came through France and Iâ—aly to Naples over Land Not long before this time There happened in [5] Ibid. A great Dissention between the Chancellor John the Kings Brother and other Noble men England great Dissension between the Chancellor and Earl Iohn the Kings Brother and the other great men of the Land and it came to such an height as they all wrote to the King Concerning the State of his Kingdom and the Grievances the People susteined by the Chancellors Government who sent from Messina [6] Ibid. n. 30. Walter Arch-Bishop of Roven and William Marshal Earl of Striguil Commanding his Chancellor [7] See Append n. 73 74. A. D. 1191. The Chancellors haughtiness That all things in the Kingdom should be done by the advice and assistance of the Arch-Bishop of Roven and the joynt undertaking and Direction of William Marshal Geofry Fitz-Peter Hugh Bardolf and William Bruer When they came into England they dare not deliver him the Kings Letters for he Despised all the Kings Mandates and would have no Peer or aequal in the Kingdom On the first of March King Richard [8] Hoved. ut supra n 40 50. went from Messina to Catania another City of Sicily 60 Miles from it to visit Tancred where he staid three Days and at his Departure they presented one another with Gifts Tancred brought him on his Journey toward Messina and before they left one another he gave him a Letter he had [9] Ibid. f. 392. a. lin a. n 10 20.30 The Treachery of the King of France to King Richard discovered by Tancred received from the King of France by the Duke of Burgundy in which he told him the King of England was a Traytor and would not keep the Peace he made with him And that if he would set upon him in the Night he would assist him with his Forces and Destroy the King of England and his Army To whom the King of England said he was not had not been nor would be a Traytor And that what Agreement he had made with him he would observe it so long as he Lived And that he could not easily believe the King of France would send him such a Letter To whom King Tancred Answered That if the Duke of Burgundy denyed he gave him those Letters from the King of France he was ready to disprove him by one of his own Dukes The King at his return to Messina mightily Estranged himself from the King of France who inquiring into the reason of it King Richard let him Know by the Earl of Flanders That he had received such a Letter and the Contents of it and let the Earl peruse it The King of France was silent for a while and then said the pretended Letter and Lye was a Trick of King Richards to get rid of his Sister Alice whom he had Sworn to Marry and threatned that if he did Leave her and Marry another Woman he would be his Enemie so long as he Lived The King of England [1] Ibidem King Richard refuses to Marry the King of France his Sister Replyed he could by no means make â—is Sister his Wife because his Father had Known her and begotten a Son of her and produced many Witnesses to prove it And the matter of fact appearing to the King of France to be so By the Advice of the Earl of Flanders and others of his great men a Composition was made between them The King of France was to acquit him of his Oath and Agreement hâ— had made concerning his Sister Alâ—ce and King Richard was to pay him in five years time 10000 Marks The difference between the Kings of England and France composed whereof he paid him 2000 down and was to deliver Gâ—sors and what else the King of France had given in respect of the intended Marriage and then he was at Liberty to Marry who he pleased and the Agreement further was That by his Chart the King of France Granted The Duke of Britany a â—eâ—â—aâ—aâ—ie to France That the Dukedom of Britany should for ever belong to the Dominion of the Duke of Normandy and that the Duke of Britany should always be his Man or Feudatary and should answer all things to him as to his Liege Lord. And that the Duke of Normandy should answer to the King of France for both Dukedoms and so they were made friends and the Agreement confirmed by their Oaths and Seals with the Addition of many Witnesses On the 30 th of March [2] Ibid. n. 40 The King of France with his Army arrives at Acon the King of France Sayled from Messina and two and twenty days after arrived at Acon with his Army The King of England staid there with his Army after his Departure and the very Day he set Sayl Queen Alienor came thither with Berengaria and the [3] Ibid. n 50. King Richard sends to the Pope to confirm and Consecrate his Brother Geofry fourth day departed toward England and went by Rome and by her the King sent to the
Pope and humbly Requested he would confirm the Election of his Brother Geofry and Consecrate him Arch-Bishop of York or permit it to be done by some oâ—er person When she went away she left the King of Navarre his Daughter with Ioan Queen of Sicily In April next following [4] Ibid. f. 393. 10 20. Hiâ— Fleet separated by a great Storm on Good Friday Eve King Richard with his whole Army set Sail from Messina with 150 Great Ships and 53 Gally's well armed on Saturday happened a great Storm which separated the Fleet The King with part of it was driven into Crete and from thence Sayled to Rhodes The great Buss Bussia magna in which was the Queen of Sicily and Berengaria and many of the Kings Servants with two other Busses were driven to the Isle of Cyprus [5] Ibid. Many Soldiers were drowned After the tempest the King sent out Gally's to seek for the Busse and found it without the Port of Limezun in Cyprus Such as escaped were imprisoned and Robbed by the Emperor of Cyprus The other two perished at the Entrance of the Port and in them many Knights and Kings Servants All their Goods Isaac or as others Cursac the Emperor as he called himself of Cyprus seized and all such as Escaped he imprisoned and robbed and would not permit the great Busse to enter into the Harbour When the King heard where the Busse was he came to their assistance with many Gally's and a great Fleet of Ships [6] Ibid. He sends to the Emperor to release his prisoners but is refused and found it without the Port exposed to the Wind and Sea He sent to the Emperor and humbly requested him with much earnestness the first second and third time to Release the Prisoners and restore their Goods He returned haughty answers and would not do what was begged of him King Richard provoked with these Barbarous actions [7] Ibid. b. n. 10 20 30. c. He takes the Town by assault and the Emperor and his Daughter Prisoners presently calls for his Arms bids his Soldiers follow and causeth them to land in Boats leads them on and takes the Town and in a short time Conquers the whole Island and took the Emperor Prisoner and his Daughter Here he was [8] Ibid. s 394. a. 10 20. A. D. 1991. King Richard marryed to Berengaria He sends the Emperor Prisoner to Tripoly Married to Berengaria on the 12th of May by his Chaplain Nicholas and was busied in setling the Island until the first of July which was the Eve of Pentecost and that day he sent the Emperor bound in Gold and Silver Chains to Tripoly and gave the Government of the Island to Richard de Camvill and Robert de Turnham And on the same day * Ibid. n. 30. the Queens of England and Sicily with the Emperors Daughter Landed and appeared before Acon with the greatest part of the Kings Fleet. Who staid [9] Ibid. n. 40 He settles the Government of Cyprus and went to the Siege of Acon behind and took one half the Goods of all the inhabitants of the Island and Confirmed the Laws and institutions they had in the time of Emanuel Emperor of Constantinople and went from thence with his Gallys on Thursday in Whitsun-week and next day arrived at Tyre and from thence went to the Siege of Acon which not long after was taken by the Christians This City being [1] Ibid. f. 396. â— n. 10 20 30. Acon taken aftâ—â— two years Siege The King of France desires leave of King Richard to return into his own Country taken after almost two years Siege King Richard desired of the King of France That they might mutually Swear they would stay in the Land of Ierusalem with their Army 's for three years and wholly subdue it He would make no such Oath but two days after sent to the King of England the Bishop Beavais and Hugh Duke of Burgundy c. by whom he asked Leave of him to return into his own Country Et per illos pettit Licentiam redeundi in Regionem suam To whom he objected the Disgrace it would be to the King of France if he returned and left the Business they came for undone But if he found himself infirm or weak or was afraid to dye there he might do his pleasure [2] Ibid. f. 397. a. lin 4. n. 10. The King of France was mighty uneasie and about a week after sent again to the King of England for leave to Return petiit iterum à Rege Angliae licentiam repatriandi but could not obtein it until he had made Oath That he would protect his Dominions and people until his return and that he would do no Dammage to them nor suffer any to be done by others which performed The King of France made the Duke of Burgundy his General and left with him the greatest part of his Treasure to pay the Soldiers Departed from Acon on the 31st of Julâ— After the Cities and Towns [3] Ibid. f. 408. a. n. 10 20. Rad. de Dicet Col. 667. n. 60. King Richard desires the French to joyn with him in the Siege of Jerusaâ—em but is refused upon the Sea Coast of Palestine by the Courage and Conduct of King Richard were all in the possession of the Christians He urged the Duke of Burgundy and French to joyn with him and besiege Ierusalem and would have ingaged them by Oath not to have stirred from before it until it had been taken They refused his proposition and told him they must leave that Country as soon as they could as their Master the King of France had commanded them and so left the King and went to Acon At this Time [4] Hoved. ut supra n. 30. Saladin offers a Truce for three years which was accepted by King Richard Saladin Emperor or General of the Saracens offered a Truce for three years upon such Terms as King Richard with the Advice of the Templars and whole Army thought fit to accept seeing his Army grew sickly and he wanted men and money And then [5] Ibid. n. 40 50. What moved him to hasten his return to England A. D. 192. by reason of the ill news he had received concerning the King of France The Expulsion of his Chancellor and his Brother Iohn That he had seized many of his Castles and would take from him his Kingdom if he Could left Palestine on the 8th of October and made as much hast homeward as he could But thinking it not safe to come through France he took his way through Germany from Aquilea upon the North Shore of the Venetian Gulf and on the 20th of [6] Rad. de Diceto Col. 668. n. 30 40. King Râ—chard taken Prisoner in his return home He is delivered to the Emperor for a Summe of money December was in Disguise taken at Vienna by the Duke of Austria and afterward on Wednesday in Passion Week Delivered to the
Castles and Towns in England Besieged Reducing of his Castles was Committed went into the Countries in and near where they were and levyed Forces The Bishop of Durham went into Yorkshire and Northumberland raised an Army and besieged Tikehill Earl David the King of Scots Brother Ranulph Earl of Chester and the Earl Ferrers Besieged Notingham and the Arch-Bishop of Canturbury with a great Army Besieged Merleburgh Lancaster and St. Michaels Mount in Cornwall The three last Castles were Rendred presently [5] Ibid. f. 419. a. n. 10 20 the two former not until the Kings Return for the Constables and Defendants would not believe the King was in England until they sent out some of their own Company to see whether it were so or not who saw the King at Dinner in the Siege And Surrendred to the King and assuring them it was so they delivered the Castles and put themselves in the Kings Mercy for Life and Limbs and terrene honor * Ibid. lin 18. Notingham Castle was delivered on the twenty eighth day of March. And on the [6] Ibid. n. 20.30 A. D. 1194. King Richard Held a great Council at Notingham Who were the Constituent parts of it Thirtieth Day of March King Richard held the first day of his Council at Notingham Tricesima Die Mensis Martii Richardus Rex Angliae celebravit primum Concilii sui Diem apud Notingham where were present Alienor the Queen Mother Hubert Archbishop of Canturbury who sate on the right hand of the King Geofry Archbishop of York who sate on the left hand Hugh Bishop of Durham Hugh Bishop of Lincoln William Bishop of Ely the Kings Chancellor William Bishop of Hereford Henry Bishop of Worcester Henry Bishop of Excester and Iohn Bishop of Whithern in Scotland Earl David the King of Scoâ—s Brother Hamelin Earl of Warren Ranulph Earl of Chester William Earl Ferrers William Earl of Salisbury and Roger Bigod The same day the King disseised [7] Ibidem Gerard de Canvil and Hugh Bardolph disseized of their Castles Sherifwic's Gerard de Canvil of the Castle and Sherefwic of Lincoln eodem die Rex dissaisivit Girardum de Canvilla de Castello Vicecomitatu Lincolniensi and Hugh Bardolph of the Sherifwic of Yorkshire and the Castles of York and Scarburgh and the Custody of Westmerland and exposed them all to Sale The Chancellor offered ready money down for the [8] Ibidem Geofry Archbishop of York out bids the Chancellor for their Sherifwic's Sherifwics of Yorkshire Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire 1500 marks and an hundred marks every year for each of them [9] Ibid. n. 40. Geofry the Archbishop bad three thousand marks for the Sherifwic of Yorkshire only and 100 marks by the year and obteined it by which means he was maâ—d â—he Kings Servant and subjected himself to his power The second day of the Council The Thirty first day of March was the Second day of the Kings Council Tricessima aie Martii Rex Angliae celebravit secundum diem Concilii sui [1] Ibidem The King demands Judgment against Earl John and Hugh Nunant Bishop of Coventry in which he required Judgment to be given of Earl Iohn his Brother who contrary to the Fealty he had Sworn to him had seized his Castles Destroyed his Dominions as well in England as beyond Sea and had made a League with his Enemy the King of France He also demanded Judgment of Hugh Nunant Bishop of Coventry who Conscious of his secrets Deserted him and adhered to his Enemies Earl Iohn and the King of France and contrived all the mischief he could against his Government or Kingdom And it was [2] Ibid. n. 50. The Council gives Judgment against both adjudged They should be peremptorily Cited and if within fourty days they appeared not nor stood to the Law They judged Earl Iohn had forfeited the Kingdom That is he ought not to return into the Kingdom and That the Bishop of Coventry was to be judged by the Bishops as he was a Bishop and by Lay-men as he was the Kings Sherif Judicaverunt Comitem Iohanem Demeruisse Regnum Episcopum Conventrensem subjacere Judicio Episcoporum in eo quod ipse Episcopus erat Judicio Laicorum in eo quod Vicecomes Regis extiterat On the first of April the King held the [3] Ibidem b. lin 1. The third day of the Council An Ayd ordained to be Levyed third day of his Colloquium in which he Ordained there should be given him of every Plough-land of all England two-shillings Kalendis Aprilis Rex Angliae celebravit tertium diem Colloquii sui in quo Constituit sibi Dari de unaquaque carucata terra duos solidos [4] Ibid. l. 3. Then he commanded every one should perform the third part of his Military Service according to what every fee would bear and should go with him into Normandy After that he [5] Ibid. l. 4. required of the Cistertian Order all their Wool of that year but because the Demand was grievous and importable they made a pecuniary fine or Composition The Second day of April was the [6] Ibid. l. 6. The fourth day of the Council fourth and last day of his Council Secunda die mensis Aprilis celebravit diem quartum ultimum Concilii sui in which many Clercs and Laics Complained of the Rapin and unjust Exactions of the Archbishop of York but he gave them no Answer Gerard de Camvil accused for Harbouring Thieves Then by the advice of the Chancellor as it was said Gerard de Camvill was acused for receiving Thieves who had robbed the * They called Merchants then such as our ordinary Tradesmen are now that keep Fairs and Markets especially the better sort of them Merchants going to Stanford Fair. That they came from him when they did the Robbery and returned to him after it was done further they appealed him of Treason and appealed of Treason because he would not appear upon the Summons of the Kings Justice nor stand to the Law concerning the receiving of the Robbers nor would bring them to Justice Praeterea appellaverunt eum [7] Ibid. n. 10. His Answer to his Accusation de Laesione Regiae Majestatis in eo quod ipse advocationem Justitiarum Regis venire noluit nec Juri stare c. His Answer was he was Earl Iohns Man or Feudatarie Vassal and would stand to the Law in his Court. Respondet se esse hominem Comitis Iohanis velle in Curia sua Juri stare he was also accused that he was with Force in the assistance of Earl Iohn and other the Kings Enemies when the Castles of Notingham were surprised Gerard denied all things and his accusers gave security of Prosecuting and he of Defending himself by one of his Free-men On the same day the King [8] Ibid. n. 20. declared the day of his second Coronation to be on the Close of
Canons in it and indowed them with their Rents and Goods and contrary to the Custom and Dignity of the Church of Canâ—urbury had Consecrated Bishops in it so as they feared unless timely prevented the Dignity of the Mother Church would be Diminished and transferred to that Apostate Chapel ad Cappellam istam Apostatricem transferri videretur [7] Ibid. b. n. 20 40. Pope Innocent much moved at this Information writes to him to Demolish the Chapel within thirty days after the Receit of his Letters and let him know if he did not he was thereby suspended from his Episcopal Dignity and Function until he should appear before him and make satisfaction His Letters Bare Date the 8th of May at Rome in the first year of his Pontificate or Popeship Coelestin Dyed on the eighth of January and he was chosen next Day by the Cardinals being then a Deacon Cardinal and not much above 30 years of Age. [8] Ibid. â—ol 442. a. n. 10. Innocent made Pope at 30 years of Age. Coelestinus Papa senio gravi Morbo laborans obiit Romae mense Januarii sexto Idus ejusdem mensis feria sexta Saturday septimo Anno Papatus sui Laterani sepultus est Crastino autem obitus illius Convenientes in unum Cardinales Eligerunt in Summum Pontificem Lotharium Diaconum Cardinalem Juvenem triginta annorum vel paulo amplius Qui vocatus est Papa Innocentius The Arch-Bishop [9] Ibid. f. 444. a. n. 10. The Archbishop seizes the Revenues of the Monks and the Oblations at Tho. Beckets Tomb. thought himself so well Guarded by the Kings Power that he hoped he might overcome all his Adversaries and therefore seized into the Kings hands all the Revenues of the Monks and the Oblations made at Thomas Beckets Tomb and little valuing the Popes Commands shut up the Monks in their Cloysters Yet at length by the advice of his friends he Demolished the Chapel at his own Charge The Truce [1] Ibid. n. 50. A. D. 1198. The Truce between the two Kings expired between the two Kings for the Time of Harvest being expired they entred one anothers Countries wasting them with Fire and Sword carrying many Prisoners away on both sides [2] Ibid. b. l. 3. The King of France causes the eyes of the English to be pulled out The King of France found a new way of Exercising his Cruelty upon the King of Englands people by pulling out their Eyes which provoked him to do the like At this time [3] Ib. lin 6. Many Noble men desert him and adhered to the King of England The Duke of Lovain the Earl of Brene Baldwin Earl of Flanders the Earls of Ghisnes and Bologn Geofry Earl of Perch the Earls of St. Giles and Blois and Arthur Earl of Britany left the King of France and adhered to the King of England Swearing to him and he to them That he would not make Peace with the King of France unless by Common Advice The Earl [4] Ibid. n. 10. of Flanders Besieged St. Omars and took it by Force as also Air and many other Towns of the King of France In September the two Kings [5] Ibid. n. 10. The King of France put to Flight skirmished between the Castles of Gamache in Veuxin and Vernon in which Congress the King of France was put to flight and lost twenty Knights sixty Esquires and many Horse and Foot and was persued until he recovered his Castle of Vernon On the 27th of the same moneth [6] Ibid. n. 20.30.40 He is again routed by King Richard He hardly escaped drowning King Richard took by Assault the Castle of Courcelles between Gisors and Dangu and another small Castle called Burriz on the 28th the King of France Marched with a great army from Mant toward Curcel which he thought had not been taken The King of England met and fought with him between that Castle and Gisors The French were routed and their King fled to the Castle of Gisors When he came upon the Bridge it was so laden with the Numbers that strove to enter the Castle with him That it Brake and the King fell into the River Ept and if he had not suddenly been drawn out had been drowned In this Engagement the King of England with his own Lance overthrew three Knights [7] Ibid. n. 50. f. 445. a. Mathew Mountmorency Alan de Rusci and Fulk de Gilerval and took them Prisoners Besides there were taken [7] Ibid. n. 50. f. 445. a. above an hundred Knights The names of above fourty of them of greatest note the King sent in a Letter wherein he gives an Account of this Victory to the Bishop of Durham Also seven score horses covered with Iron and many ordinary horse and foot septies viginti Equos ferro Coopertos servientes Equites pedites Multos During four years and somewhat more from King Richards first going over into France after his imprisonment Several Treaties between the Kings of England and France prove ineffectual until the five year Truce made at the Treaty between Andely and Vernon the two Kings had harassed and destroyed each others Country with Fire and Sword many Treaties had been ineffectual and the Truces that were made were almost as soon broken as Concluded The first Treaty [8] Ibid. f. 421. b. n. 10. A. D. 1194. was about a Truce for three years at or near his first going over And when all things were agreed The King of France would have all that had been of one side or other and were of the same Country or Dominion included so as they might not take Revenge or molest one another for acts of hostility or injuries in the time of War But King Richard would not violate the Customs and Laws of Poictou or his other Dominions in which it was from Antiquity Customary for the Great Men to Decide their Controversies one with another by their Swords Impeditae [9] Ibid. n. 20. sunt Treugae quia Rex Angliae violare nolebat Consuetudines leges Pictaviae vel aliarum Terrarum suarum in Quibus Consuetum erat ab antiquo ut Magnates Causas proprias invicem Gladiis allegarent and soon after happened the Engagement near Vendosme and Freteval before related Next year they came to this [1] Ibid. f. 431. a. n. 40. A. D. 1195. Lewis the King of France his Son to Marry King Richards Neice Agreement That Lewis Son and Heir of the King of France should Marry the Sister of Arthur Duke of Britany Neice to the King of England who was to release to them and their Heirs Gisors Neafle Baudemont and Vexin Norman also Vernon Iveri and Passi and besides should give them 20000 Marks in Silver On the other side the King of France was to [2] Ibidem release all things he claimed in the Earldom of Engolesm and was to restore the Earldoms of Albemarle and Ou the Castles
of Arches and many other Castles he had taken in Normandy and his other Territories by War But the perfecting of this Agreement was deferred until the eighth of November because the Emperor [3] Ibid. n. 50. prohibited the King of England he should not make peace with the King of France without his Advice and Consent In this Treaty Alice Sister to King Phillip was delivered to him and he presently married her to the Earl of Pontive The King of England [4] Ibid. b. n. 10. The Emperor is against King Richards concluding a Peace with France sent to the Emperor William Bishop of Ely and others and found him not pleased with the Terms of the Peace and rather then it should be perfected he offered to remit 17000 Marks of his Ransom which was unpaid toward his charge in recovering what was lost yet King Richard kept his Day and very hour of [5] Ibid. n. 20. King Philip promises King Richard a meeting but fails meeting the King of France near Verneuil The Archbishop of Rhemes met him and told him from the King of France he ought to make so much hast for he was then busie with his Council The King of England believed him and expected at a place near by while he would expect to hear of the King of France no longer and then went that he might speak with him When Philip Bishop of Beavais before him told the King of England that the King of France challenged him of Breach of faith and Perjury for that he had sworn and given his Faith he would be at the Treaty such an hour and came not and therefore he defied him and so they parted Within [6] Ibidem The French enter Normandy and ravage and burn Towns and Ships three Days the French entred Normandy and made great Ravages there they burnt Diep and the Ships and Vessels in Port. King Philip rambling up and down with his Army came to Issoudun in Berry took the Town and besieged the Castle The King of England hearing of it made what hast he could out of Normandy came thither and entred the Castle where a great many armed men flocked to him [7] Ibid. n. 30.40 They desire a Treaty which was granted and a Peace concluded The King of France liked not his Station and desired he might march away without any interruption to his Army which being denied he desired a Treaty which was granted This was on or about the [7] Ibid. n. 30.40 They desire a Treaty which was granted and a Peace concluded Sixth of December and by the Mediation of the Archbishops and Bishops on both sides there present it was sworn on both parts That there should be peace and concord between themselves their Men or Vassals and their Dominions inter se homines suos terras suas until the Feast of St. Hilary next coming and that then they should meet at Loviers to make final Peace and Concord ad pacem finalem concordiam faciendam before a greater Audience or Convention of their people After the [8] Ibid. f. 435. a. n. 10. A. D. 1196. The Articles of the Peace Feast of St. Hilary or on the 14th of January they met at Loviers where by advice of their Men or Great Feudataries ubi inter eos Concilio Hominum suorum They agreed That the King of France and his Heirs should Quiet-Claim or Release to the King of England and his Heirs Issoudun with its Appertinencies and all the Right he had in Berry Avergn Gascony and That he should render to him the Castle of Arches the Earldoms of Albemarle and Ou and the other Castles he had taken by War [9] Ibid. n. 10. The King of England for this was to Quiet-Claim or Release to the King of France Gisors Castle and all Veuxin Norman And for the Performance of this Peace they were bound to each other in 15000 Marks of Silver and found Sureties one to another for that Sum. The King of France Repented him of this Agreement and Levied a great Army [1] Ibid. n. 40.50 The King of France breaks the Peace made between him and King Richard and besieged Albemarle he took the Castle and demolished it and received of the King of England 3000 Marks for the Ransome of his Knights and Esquires there taken For which the King of England caused the Goods and Possessions of the Abbats of the great Monastery of Clugni St. Denis and la Charite in all places of his Dominions to be seised as being Sureties to him for the 15000 Marks [2] Ibid. b. lin 1. Afterwards the King of France took Nonan Court and John Earl of Moreton the Kings Brother took the Castle of Gamache Andeli sur Seine or the Isle of Andeli sur Seine belonging to the Archbishop of Roven was a [3] Ibid. f. 437. a. n. 10. A. D. 1196. notable pass or Inlet into Normandy through which the King of France used often to take his way over the Seine to waste and harass that Country The King of England to hinder his getting over the River that way and for the safety of his People built a Castle in it contrary to the mind The sentence of Interdict pronounced against Normandy and notwithstanding the prohibition of the Archbishop and because he would not desist upon his prohibition he pronounced the sentence of Interdict against Normandy and went to the Pope There happened the same year a [4] Ibid. n. 20. A Skirmish between the Domestic Servants of both Kings Skirmish between the Domestic Servants of each King Hugh de Chaumout a stout Rich Knight and Favorite of the King of France was taken and delivered to the King of England and delivered him to Robert de Ros to be safely kept and he delivered him to his Esquire or Servant William de Espinai to be kept in the Castle of Bon-Ville upon Toke In the night by his consent and permission he made his escape The King angry at it imprisoned Robert de Ros and caused him to pay a Composition of 1200 Marks for his Liberty and William de Espinai a Traytor to his Master was Hanged upon a Gallows On the 19th of May [5] Ibid. n. 40. A. D. 1196. Earl John defeats Philip Bishop of Beavais Iohn Earl of Moreton and Marchades the General of the Brabanters with a good Body of Horse appeared before the City of Beavais When they came to plunder and waste that Country Philip the Bishop and William de Merlou with his Son and many Knights and ordinary People went out armed to oppose them They were presently routed the Bishop William de Merlou his Son and some Knights were taken and most part of the ordinary People were killed The same day they marched to Milli a Castle belonging to the Bishop and took it by assault and demolished it and so returned in Triumph into Normandy and delivered their Prisoners to the King The Bodies of the
investing them in their Earldoms girt William Marshal with the Sword of the Earldom of Striguil and Geofry Fitz-Peter with the Sword of the Earldom of Essex who though before they were called Earls and had the Administration of their Counties or Earldoms yet were not Girt with the Sword of their Earldoms The same day also he made [2] Ibidem Hubert Archbishop of Canturbury his Chancellor The King of Scots [3] Ibid. n. 50. The King of Scots reneweth his Demands by three Priors of his own Nation Reneweth his Demand of Northumberland and Tumberland and made the same promises King Iohn Answered them That when their Lord the King of Scots his Dear Cousin came to him he would do what was just concerning that and all his other Demands [4] Ibid. b. lin 5. And sent Philip Bishop of Durham to meet him hoping he would come having sent Roger Bishop of St. Andrews and Hugh Malevise for him and went himself to Nottingham at Whitsunday and staid in those parts in Expectation of him but he would not come he only sent back the two Messengers to him with demand of the two Counties and to let him Know if he denyed his demands he would endeavor to acquire them by force and expected his Answer within Forty Days In the mean time King Iohn committed Northumberland and Tumberland with their Castles to the keeping and defence of William Stutevil And having dispatched his Affairs in England passed into Normandy and landed at Diepe King John passeth into Normandy and was at Roven on [5] Ibid. n. 30 40. And makes a Truce with the King of France Midsummer Day where came to him a Multitude of Soldiers Horse and Foot and presently there was a Truce made between him and the King of France until the Morrow after the Assumption of St. Mary that is the 16th of August and here Philip Earl of Flanders did Homage to King Iohn six days before that Feast Philippus comes Flandriae devenit homo Regis Iohannis apud Rothomagum c. Henry [6] Ibid. f. 452. a.n. 10. France and Normandy interdicted Earl of Namur brother to Philip Earl of Flanders Peter of Donay a Famous Soldier and his Brother the Elect of Cambray were taken by some of the French Kings Soldiers and delivered to him Peter of Capua a Cardinal and the Pope's Legat interdicted France for the taking of the Elect of Cambray as also Normandy for the Detention of Philip Bishop of Beavais and before he would release the Sentence the King of France was forced to Release the Elect and King Iohn the Bishop of Bravais But because he was taken in Arms he gave King Iohn 2000 Marks Paris [7] f. 198. n. 50. says 6000 and took an Oath never to bear Arms again against Christians Philip King of France [8] Hoved. f 452. a. n. 10.20 The King of France Knighted Arthur Duke of Britany and received his Homage Knighted Arthur Duke of Britany and Received his Homage for Anjou Poictou Tourain Main Britany and Normandy In the Morrow after the Assumption of St. Mary August 16th the two Kings treated two Days by their Commissioners between Buravant and Gaâ—llon and the third Day they spake by themselves but the King of France shew no Kindness to the King of England and the reason was because he had possessed himself of Normandy and other Countries without his Licence whereas he ought first to have come to him and demanded his Right and done him Homage In this Treaty [9] Ibid. n. 30. His Demands of King John the King of France Demanded all Veuxin That is all between the Forest of Lions the Seyn the Isle of Andeli and the River Ept. Affirming that Geofry Earl of Anjou the Father of Henry Son of Maud the Empress had given it to Lewis the Gross King of France for his assistance in gaining Normandy from King Stephan of England And Demanded that Poictou Anjou Tourain and Main might be rendred to Arthur Duke of Britany and made other Demands the King of England could not Grant King Richards riches adhered to King John and so they Departed The Earls and Barons of France that had adhered to King Richard became the men of King Iohn and Sware to him they would not make Terms with the King of France unless with his Consent and he Swore to them he would not make Peace with him unless they were comprehended in it In October the King of France [1] Ib. b. l. 1. took the Castle of Balun which was taken ill by William de Rupibus or Roche General of Duke Arthurs Forces was sent to him that there was no such Agreement between his Lord Arthur and him The King replyed he should not omit to do his pleasure notwithstanding his Lord Arthur and then went and besieged Lavardin [2] Ibid. l. 7. but hearing the King of England was coming with his Army left the Siege and marched to Mans King Iohn followed him and he left that place In the mean time William de Roche had craftily gotten Arthur out of the [3] Ib. n. 10. Arthur reconciled to King John and made Governor of Mans. custody of the King of France and reconciled him to his Uncle King John and delivered to him the City of Mans of which he was made Governor by them both and the very same day it was told Duke Arthur that King Iohn would put him in prison whereupon he and his Mother that night made their escape to Anger 's Paris [4] f. 198. n. 30. says he went privately to the King of France William * Hoved. f. 453. a. n. 30. A. D. 1199. William King of Scots admonished by a Revelation not to invade England King of Scots in pursuance of his Claim to the Counties of Northumberland and Cumberland raised an Army with intention to invade England but coming to the Shrine of St. Margaret sometime Queen of Scotland which was at Dunfermlin where he stays all night he was admonished by a Revelation in his Sleep That he should not invade England with his Army and so he permitted it to depart home or discharged it Permisit exercitum suum Domum redire After Christmass the two [5] Hoved. f. 454. b. n. 10.20 A. D. 1200. A Treaty between King John and King Philip. Kings met at a Treaty between Andeli and Gaillon in which Treaty they agreed That Lewis Son to the King of France should take to wife Blanch the Daughter of Alfonso the Eighth King of Castile King Iohns Niece with whom he was to give and quiet claim the City of Eureux and the whole Earldom and all the Fortresses and Castles which the King of France had in Normandy at the time of the death of King Richard and besides give her 30000 Marks of Silver and did Swear That he would not give any assistance to his Nephew Otho in Men or Money whereby he might obtain the Roman Empire to which
he came into Normandy he forthwith went to Stephan Langeton performed his Canonical Obedience to him and was Consecrated by him on the 20th of December And when it was Known to the King he seized the Bishopric and confiscated the Profits and Delivering the Seal to VValter de Gray made him Chancellor King Iohn kept his Christmass at Windsor [2] Ibid. n. 20. A. D. 1210. The great men attend upon the King notwithstanding the Interdict where all the great men of England attended upon and conversed with him notwithstanding the Sentence of Interdict but whether out of Loyalty or Fear it remains Doubtful The Historian says Omnibus sese subtrahentibus Rex nocivè insidebatur the King sat upon the Skirts of all such as withdrew or absented themselves This year the [3] Ibid. f. 230. lin 6. n. 20. King passed over with an Army into Ireland and having [3] Ibid. f. 230. lin 6. n. 20. disposed all things according to his mind returned and Landed in England on the 30th of August and making great speed to London caused all the Prelates of England to appear before him Upon this [4] Ibid. n. 30. He Summons all the Prelates of England to appear before him All Ecclesiastics forced to a Composition general Summons there came Abbats Priors Abbesses Templars Hospitallers the Guardians of the Towns of the Order of Clugny and other Transmarine Aliens of what Order or Dignity soever who were all forced to so great a Composition as it was Reported the Summe amounted to an hundred thousand pounds Sterling And the White Monks only all other excepted were forced to pay to the King 40000 l. of Silver The King [5] Ibid. n. 40. A. D. 1211. He raised a great Army and Marched into Wales Summoned a great Army to meet him at VVhitchurch in Shrapshâ—re with which on the eighth of July he marched into VVales as far as Snowdun and carried all before him the Kings and Nobles he subdued without Resistance for their future subjection he received twenty eight Pleges And having passed all over that Nation came back to VVhitchurch on the 15th of August He subdued them and received Pleges for their obedience and proceeding from thence to Northampton where the Popes Nuntio Pandulph and Durand a Templar met him who came into England to make Peace between the Secular Government and the Ecclesiastic Qui ad hoc venerunt ut pacem inter Regâ—um Sacerdotium Reformarent At the Request of these men the King [6] Ibid. n. 50. This willingness to receive the Archbishop and all the proscribed Bishops freely granted that the Arch-Bishop of Canturbury and the Monks and all the Proscribed Bishâ—ps might return in Peace and Security to their own places But because the King would not make satisfaction for the Damages done to and the Goods of the Arch-Bishop and Bishops which were Confiscated The Treaty came to nothing the Nuntio and his assistant returning into France [7] Ibid. He â—axed those that did not go with him in hâ—s Welch expedition So soon as they were gone the King took of these Mâ—litary men that were not present in the Welch expedition for every Knights Fee two Marks of Silver About [8] Ib. f. 231. lin 1. A. D. 1211. Reginald Earl of Bologn ill used by the King of France He is kinâ—ly received by King John this time Reginald de Domino Martino Dan Martin Earl of Bologn was thrust out of his Earldom and deprived of all his Goods by the King of France who gave it to his own Son Philip in perpetual right with the Daughter and Heir of that Earl who came into England and was Honorably received by King Iohn by whose Bounty he received 300 l. a Year in Land and did Homage and Fealty to him [9] Ibid. l. 7. Tho. Walsin Hypodig Neust f. 460. n 20. Leolin Prince of North Wales made some incursions into England but was repelled and forced to subjection The Pope [1] Paris f. 231. n. 10. The Pope absolveth all his Subjects from their Allegiance much admiring the Contumacy of King Iohn That he would not comply with the Dictates of his Nuntio absolved all his Subjects high and low from their Fidelity and Subjection to him Forbidding all and singular under the pain of Excommunication strictly to avoid him at his Table in Counsel Discourse and Conversation At Dinner on [2] Ibid. n. 30. A. D. 1212. Mid-Lent Sunday the King Knighted Alexander the King of Scots Eldest Son and Heir And about that time Mauger [3] Ibid. Bishop of Worcester Dyed at the Abby of Pontigny in France Not long after [4] Ibid. n. 40. The Welch make Incursions into England the Welch made hostile irruptions and took several Castles in England and cut off the heads of the Defendants burnt many Towns and returned with great spoils into their own Country The King was much moved at this action and levyed a great Army exercitum innumerabilem of Knights and ordinary Horse and Foot resolving to harrass all Wales and exterminate the Inhabitants and in Revenge [5] Ibid. King John Hanged the Welch Hostages Hanged up the twenty eight Hostages or Pleges he had Received the year before Just as he was ready for the Expedition he received [6] Ibid. n. 50. He hath notice of a Conspiracy against him but slights it Letters from the King of Scots and his Daughter Wife to Leolin King of Northwales and others of a Traiterous Conspiracy formed against him all which he neglected and slighted and went on to Chester where again he received Letters [7] Ibid. f. 232. lin 1. That if he Marched forward he would either be Slain by his Noblemen or delivered to his Enemies to be Destroyed At these Repeated Letters he was much Troubled and when he understood his great men of England were absolved from their Obedience and Fealty he gave more Credit to the Letters [8] Ibid. lin 3. At length he was convinced and sent to his Great men for Pleges Atque cum intellixisset Magnates Angliae a sua esse Fidelitate absolutos majorem literis sibi destinatis Fidem adhibuit And then changing his Design Disbanded his Army and came to London and sent his Commissioners to all the Great Men he suspected to send him Pleges That thereby he might know who would or would not obey him Those who dare not resist the Kings Commands Some sent their Sons c others refused and fled sent their Sons Nephews and nearest Relations That so they might in some measure appease his indignation But Eustachius de Vesci and Robert Fitz-VValter being accused of the Treason fled out of England Eustachius into Scotland and Robert into France Some while after one [9] Ibid. n. 10. Peter the Hermite his Prophesie Peter an Hermite in the Diocess of York after he could not but see the Pope would Depose King Iohn Prophesied that
to put him into a Condition not to be able to hurt him He subdued the Towns of â—yre â—asseâ— and all the Country to Bruges which he took also and Besieged Ganâ— at which time his Navy which consisted of seventeen Hundred Ships King Philip prepares a great Navy as many of it as could put into Dam the other lay upon the Coast Mean while the English Fleet put to Sea under the Command of the Earl of Bologne and William Longsâ—ee Earl of Salisbury the Kings Brother which took all those which lay upon the Coast and Besieged the Town of Dam with the Ships in the Harbour The King of France leaves Gant and beats them on Shore The English blocked up his Ships in Dam. and Killed Two thousand nevertheless they keeping the Sea the French Vessels could not get out without falling into their hands and therefore the King of France caused the Furniture to be taken out and all the Ships to be Burnt and afterward Fired the Town of Dam. had at the Mouth of the River Seyn ready to set Sail and take possession of his Kingdom and doubted not but to make short work of it having as he Boasted Charts or assurances from most of the great men of England of their Fidelity and obedience to him Being [5] Ibid. f. 235. lin 1. n. 10 20. A. D. 1213. He submits to a Form of Peace drawn up by the Pope Terrifyed and Confounded with this News King Iohn by the perswasion of Pandulph submitted to the form of Peace as it was drawn up by the Pope in which he sware to stand to the Commands of the Pope before his Legat or Nuntio in all things for which he had been Excommunicated and to make full Restitution and Recompence for all things which had been taken away from the Clergy or Laity by reason of the Interdict or present Quarrel and to pardon and receive into favor not only the proscribed Bishops the Prior and Monks of Canturbury but also Robert Fitz-Walter and Eustachius de Vesâ—y and all other Clercs or Luics concerned in it That he would cause his [6] Append. N. 96. Letters Patents to be made by which he would confirm these things and cause as many Bishops and Barons as the Arch-Bishop and Bishops should choose to Swear and give their [7] Append. N. 97. Letters Patents for the security of the Peace And that if he or any others by his Order should violate this Agreement Then those Bishops or Barons on behalf of the Church should adhere to the Popes Commands against them and that he would for ever lose the Custody of vacant Churches And obliged himself to [8] Paris f. 235. lin 46. send all these Letters of Security for performance of these things to the Arch-Bishop and Bishops before their Return into England And further upon this Agreement he was forced to disclaim his right to Out-Law any Clergy-man as appears by his Letters Patents in the Appendix N. 108. The greatest part of the Form of Peace Drawn by the [9] Append. N. 98. Pope or his Order was the Resignation of his Crown and the form of his Doing Homage to him For his Offence was so great against God and his Mother holy Church That nothing but Granting his Kingdoms of England and Ireland to the Pope and making them St. Peters Patrimony and becoming his Vassal could expiate it And he must also declare That he did all this freely and voluntarily by the advice of his Barons and not compelled by fear or force of the Inderdict Append. N. 99. And after he had given away his Crown and Kingdoms and done Homage to the Pope he took them again in Fee to hold them of him by Homage and Fealty and a thousand Marks by the year Rent for all other Services That is 700 Marks for England and 300 Marks for Ireland [2] Append. N. 100. Saving to him and his Heirs the power of Executing all Justice and Creating Justices and all their Liberties and Royalties Salvis nobis haeredibus nostris Justiciariis Libertatibas Regalibus nostris Two or three Exemplars of this Grant of the Crown and Kingdom are to be found in the Appendix at the Numbers last mentioned This done and the Charts or Letters Patents of the Grant delivered to Pandulph he returned into [3] Paris f. 237. n. 40. Pandulph returns into France with 8000 l. France with 8000 l. Sterling part of the Restitution-money for what had been taken from them which was to be paid to the Arch-bishop and Bâ—shops The Monks of Canterbury and others which were in Exile by reason of the Interdict [4] Ibid. the Tenor of the Charts and form of Peace pleased them all and Pandulph earnestly perswaded them to return into England and receive the remainder of their Money that should be adjudged to them for their Losses He went from them and applyed himself to the [5] Ibid. n. 50. He advised the King of France to desist from his purpose King of France who was ready with an Army to invade England and advised him to desist from his purpose for that now he could not prosecute his design without offending the Pope seeing King Iohn was ready to make satisfaction to holy Church and obey the Popes Catholick Commands The King was not well pleased with what he said and told him he had expended more then Sixty thousand pounds in Arms Victual and fitting out of Ships and had undertaken the enterprize at the Popes Command for the remission of his sins and indeed he would not have much valued what Pandulph said if it had not been for the [6] Ibid. f. 238. lin 2. Earl of Flanders who refused to follow him or joyn in this Expedition with whom he was confederated and would not forsake his Engagement Paris in this [7] Ibid. 10 20 30. place reports what was noted before concerning the French Fleet at Dam and upon the coast of Flanders and says when King Iohn heard of it he was very joyful and pleasant and having no present fear or apprehension of danger from the King of France he gave [8] Ibid. 40. leave to his great men and others that lay upon the coast to depart home The King thought he had an [9] Ibid. n. 50. opportunity to recover what he had lost in France and sets the Earl of Flanders with the assistance of the Emperor to invade the East part of that Kingdom while he invaded the West and to that purpose assembles a great Army at Portsmouth King John raises Army to invade France His great men refuse to goe unless he was first Absolved but when they came together the [1] Append. n. 101. He sends for the exiled Bishops to return Great men and Barons refused to follow him unless he were absolved from the Sentence of Excommunication The King much moved at this denial [1] Append. n. 101. He sends for the
those Castles as were faithful or well affected and would keep their Oaths And then he firmly Commands That the English Church should be free That all men or Feudataries of the Kingdom or Secular Goverment should have and hold all the Liberties Laws and Customes conteined in the Charters Well and in Peace Freely and Quietly fully and wholly to them and their Heirs of him and his Heirs in all things and places for ever And he and the Barons Swore to the Observation of them of all these matters without fraud or Deceit and this Grant was Signed with his own hand in the Meadow between Stanes and Windsor on the same day the Great Charter and Charter of the Forest were Granted and Confirmed That is on the 15th of June in the 17th year of his Reign The five and twenty [9] Mat. Paris f. 262. n. 10. The names of the twenty five Barons Elected Barons were these The Earl of Clare the Earl of Albemarle the Earl of Glocester the Earl of Winchester the Earl of Hereford Earl Roger of Norfolk and Suffolk Earl Robert of Oxford the Earl Marshal the Younger or William Marshal the Younger Robert Fitz-Walter Senior Gilbert de Clare Eustachius de Vescy Hugo Bigod Willielmus de Munbray alias Mowbray the Mayor of London Gilbert de La-Val Robert de Ros the Constable of Chester Richard de Perci Iohn Fitz-Robert William Malet Geofrey de Say Roger de Munbray William de Huntingfield Richard de Munfichet William de Albeney [1] Ibid. They Swear to Compel the King to keep the Peace and agreement These five and Twenty Barons Swore by the Kings order Isti viginti quinque Barones Juraverunt Rege hoc Disponente That in every Instance they would obey their Orders and Directions and would Compel the King if perchance he should Repent him of these things On the 18th of June the [2] Append. n. 117. A. D. 1215. 17 Johan Regis same year the King by his Writ Dated at Runemed Directed to Stephan Harengod let him know That a firm Peace was there made between him and his Barons inter nos Barones nostros on Fryday next after the Feast of Holy Trinity so as he had received their Homages and therefore Commanded him to do no injury to his Barons or others by Reason of the Discord between them And further Commanded him that so much of the Fines and Penalties set by reason of that Discord which remained unpaid should not be Levid and if any thing had been taken after that Fryday it was to be restored He was also to release all Prisoners and Hostages taken and deteined by reason of the War On the 19th of the same Month [3] Append. n. 118. He gives notice to all Sherifs and other Officers of the Peace and Commands them to cause all within their Jurisdiction to Swear to be obedient to the 25 Barons He also Commanded 12 Knights to be chosen in every County to inquire of Evil Customs c. by his Writ dated at the same place he signifyed to all Sheriffs Foresters Wareners Keepers of Rivers and his other Bayliffs or Officers That there was a firm Peace made between him the Barons and Free-men of his Kingdom inter nos Barones liberos homines Regni nostri as appeared by his Charter which he Commanded publickly to be read in his Bayliwicks VVilling and streightly Charging the Sherif That he should cause all of his Bayliwic according to the form of the Charter to Swear to the five and twenty Barons or their Attorneys constituted by their Letters Patents at such Day and time as they should appoint and also VVilled and Commanded That Twelve Knights should be chosen in every County at the next County i. e. County Court which should be holden after the receit of these Letters To inquire of the Evil Customes or Practises of Sherifs and their Ministers of Forests and Foresters Warens and Wareners of Rivers or River-banks and their Keepers or Tribute gatherers towards the Repairs of Bridges and Banks and to extirpate them After this on the 27th of the same Moneth from Winchester he Directs his Writ particularly to the [4] Append. n. 119. Such as refused to Swear to obey the 25 Barons to be imprisoned and to have their Lands and Goods seized Sherif of Warwicshire and the 12 Knights there Elected to Inquire after and root out all Evil Customes and Practises of the Sherifs and their Officers of Forests and Foresters Warens and Wareners Rivers and their Keepers Commanding them That without delay they Seize the Lands Tenements and Chattels of all those in the County of Warwic which refused to Swear to the twenty five Barons or their Attorneys and to detein them until they did Swear And this was Established by the Arch-Bishop of Canturbury and Barons of this Kingdom And as he had been forced to these things so he for the performance of them was Compelled to Engage and put into their possession the [5] Append. n. 120. The King gives Caution for the observation of such tâ—ings as the 25 Barons exacted of him City and Tower of London and Covenant with Robert Fitz-Walter Marshal of the Army of God and of Holy Churâ—h in England Richard Earl of Clare Geofrey Earl of Essex and Glocester Roger Bigod Earl of Norfolke and Suffolke Saher Earl of Winâ—hester Robert Earl of Oxford H. Earl of Hereford and the Barons following William Marshal the younger Eustace de Vescy William de Mobray Iohn Fitz-Robert Roger de Mont-Begon William de Lanvalay and other Earls and Barons and Freemen of the whole Kingdom That they should hold the City of London of the Livery of the King until the 15th of August that year saving to him his Farms Rents and Clear Debts And that the Archbishop of Canturbury should hold the Tower in like Manner for the same Term Saving to the City 't is Liberties and Free Customs and saving to every one his right in the Guard of the Tower of London and so as the King should not put in Ammunition or New Forces into the City or Tower in the mean time And further that within the said Term Oaths should be made through all England to the 25 Barons or their Attorneys according to the Writs for Choosing Twelve Knights in every County to Destroy evil Customes c. And also that all things which the Earls Barons and other Free Men do require of the King which he says ought to be restored or which ought by the Judgment of the Twenty Five Barons or Greater Part of them to be restored shall be restored and if these things were done or the King hindered not the Doing of them within the said Term then the City and Tower of London were to be Re-delivered to him c. And if they were not done or the King hindered the doing of them then the Barons should hold the City and the Archbishop the Tower until the Covenants were performed and
Money and prone and Flexible towards all Mischief and wickedness for Rewards either received or promised Noverat autem Rex multiplici didicerat experientia Quod Papa super omnes Mortales ambitiosus erat superbus pecuniaeque siâ—or insatiabilis ad omnia scelera pro praemiis datis vel promissis Ceream Proclivum And therefore sent Messengers to him who carried with them a great Summe of Money and promised a greater and ingaged he should become his Tributary Subject if he would find an occasion to Confound the Archbishop of Canturbury and to Excommunicate the Barons which formerly he had Cherished and Incouraged The Barons [1] Append. N. 133. Prince Lewis incourâ—geth the Barons for their better incouragement received Letters of Thanks from Prince Lewis for their stout behaviour in his causâ— with an exhortation to them to proceed in the same course and a promise that he would be suddenly with them In the mean while the Pope sent [2] Mat. Par. f. 280 n. 30. The Pope sends his Legat to diswade the King of France from permitting hâ— Son to invade England Walâ— or Gualo his Legat into France to prevent the expedition of Lewis into England who delivered to King Philip his Letters by which he endeavoured to perswade him not to permit his Son to invade England nor Disturb the King thereof but to protect Defend and Love him as a Vassâ— of the Roman Church The Dominion of whose Kingdom belonged unto it To which the [3] Ibid. n. 40 The King of France his Answer to the Pope King of France hastily answered That the Kingdom of England never was nor is nor ever shall be the Patrimony of Peter for King Iohn several years since indeavoured to Dethrone his Brother Richard for which he was accused of Treason and Convicted in that Kings Court Hugh de Pudsey Bishop of Durham pronouncing the Sentence against him and therefore he never was a â—rue King nor could give his Kingdom Also if at any time he was a true King since that he had been Condemned in his Court for the Death of his Nephew Arthur Also that no King or Prince could give away their Kingdom without the Assent of their Barons who are bound to defend it These were the Arguments of the King of France to invalidate and null the Popes Title The next day [4] Ibid. n. 50 f. 281. lin 1. n. 10. The Popeâ— Legat diswades the King of France aâ—d his Son from the Invasion of England The King of France his Answer to him by means of the King of France Prince Lewis was present in the Conference where the Legat began to perswade him That he would not invade or possess England the Patrimony of the Roman Church and also applyed himself to his Father according to the Effect of the Popes Letters To whom the King said he always was much Devoted to the Pope and the Roman Church and always effectually promoted their affairs Nor should his Son now by his advice or assistance attempt any thing against them But if he Challenged any right to the Kingdom of England let him be heard and what is just Granted unto him Upon which Word a [5] Ibid. n. 10. The Argâ—ments of Prince Lewis against King John and the Pope Knight stands up and Argues for Lewis against King Iohn and the Pope 1st That King Iohn as before had Destroyed his Nephew Arthur with his own hands and was therefore Condemned to Death by his Peers of France 2. Afterwards for many Murthers or Mansâ—aughters pro multis homicidis and other Enormities Committed in England he was by the Barons Rejected and not suffered to Reign over them 3. That without the Consent of his Barons he gave the Kingdom of England to the Pope and Church of Rome to take it again and hold it of them under the Annuâ—l Tribute of a Thousand Marks 4. Although he could not give away the Crown of England without the Consent of the Barons yet he might Quit it and Renounce his Right which so soon as he had done and resigned he Vnkinged himself and the Kingdom was void and the Vacancy of the Kingdom was not to be provided for without the Barons His claim to England whereupon they chose Lewis by reason of his Wife whose * Alienor second Daughter to King Hen. 2. married to Alphonso King of Castle was Mother to Blanch Lewis his Wife Mother the Queen of Castâ—le was the only child living of all the Sons and Daughters of the King of England These were the Arguments used by Lewis his Advocate against the Titles of King John and the Pope The Legat [6] Ibid. n. 20. The Popes Legat pleads for King John urged that King Iohn was signed with the Cross Cruce signatus erat or had undertaken the Crusado and therefore according to a Constitution of the General Council ought to be free from Disturbance for four years and under the protection of the Apostolic See Lewis his Advocate Answered That King Iohn before he was signed with the Cross had made War upon him taken his Castles and wasted his Countries with Fire and Sword and had taken many Knights and others which he then deteined in Prison and was then in actual War against his Master Lewis and therefore the War he intended against him was just The Legat [7] Ibid. n. 30. He is unsatisfied not satisfied with his Reasons forbad Lewis under pain of Excommunication to enter England and his Father to permit him to do it Lewis begged of his Father not to hinder his Design in prosecuting his Right for that he resolved to hazard his Life to obtein the Inheritance of his Wife and then departed from the Colloquium or Conference [8] Ibid. n. 40 and leaves the Court of France which the Legat observing desired safe passage from the King of France to the Seâ— which the King willingly granted through his own Lands but would not undertake to secure him if he should fall into the hands of his Son Lewis his friends that Guarded the Sea at which the Legat was Angry and departed from Court Lewis [9] Ibid. Lewis receives his Fathers Blessing on the Morrow after St. Mark went to his Father then at Mehun and beseeched him with Tears not to hinder his Design He gave him not his consent openly but privately permitted him to go and dismissed him with his Blessing He sent his Envoyes to the Roman Court to Declare to the Pope his right to the Kingdom of England And [1] Ibid. n. 50. and goes with his Army for England then with all Diligence Marched to Caleis with the Earls Barons Knights and others that had Sworn to go with him in this Expedition that he might come into England before the Legat. At that Port [2] Ibid. f. 282. lin 1. He Lands in the Isle of Thanet A. D. 12â—6 they found ready to receive them six Hundred Ships and
a reasonable time to be prefixed by the Archbishop of Canturbury for the Damage done them by him and his People from the day of the taking of the Castle of Kynardesly unto the day of his Absolution that is to say Saturday the 7th of October in the 7th year of King Henry's Reign and for the performance hereof were bound with him Mereduc the Son of Robert and many others This year about the First of August dyed [8] Ibid. n. 30 Philip King of France dies Philip King of France when King Henry had notice of it he sent the Archbishop of Canterbury with three other Bishops to King Lewis to demand the restitution of Normandy King Henry demands the restitution of Normandy from King Lewis with all other his Transmarine Dominions according to his Oath when he left England King Lewis answered that he was justly possessed of Normandy and other Dominions and was ready to make it appear in his own Court if the King of England would come thither Et ibidem juri parere and stand to the Law Who refuseth to restore them And taxeth him with violation of his Oath Adding that the King of England had violated his Oath in putting those of his party he had taken at Lincoln to a a grievous Ransome And also that those Liberties for which the War was begun that were Granted and Sworn to at his departure were not observed when the Archbishop and the other Bishops could obtain no other Answer they returned into England and gave the King an Account of it This year the Great Men of [9] fol. 318. n. 20. The Great Men complain of Hubert de Burgh England Magnates Angliae complained and murmured against Hubert de Burgh the Justiciary alledging that he exasperated the King against them and that he did not duely administer Justice But that which more especially provoked them was That those Messengers he had sent to Rome were returned with a Bull from the Pope directed to the Archbishops of England and their Suffragans declaring the King to be of full Age The Pope declares the King of full age and that all the Affairs of the Kingdom should be managed by him and his Council The words of the Bull were as followeth Quatenus Authoritate Apostolica denunciarent Comitibus Baronibus Militibus aliis Vniversis qui custodias habebant Castrorum Honorum Villarum Quae ad Regis Dominium spectabant ut contnuo visis Literis Regi illas redderent contradictores autem per censuram Ecclesiasticam ad satisfactionem compellerent That by Apostolic Authority they should declare to the Earls Barons Knights and all others who had the Custody of the King's Castles Honors and Towns That upon sight of these Letters they render them to the King And whoever refused they should compel by Ecclesiastical Censure Notwithstanding the greatest part of the [1] Ibid. n. 30 The Earls and Barons refuse to deliver up the King's Castles c. Earls and Barons although admonished by the Bishops did not render up their several Trusts but rather conspired together to put themselves in Arms to disturb the Peace of the Nation then give the King satisfaction in the premisses In the year 1224. the King [2] The Earl of Chester threatens the King and Justiciary The Archbishop threatens to Excommunicate him kept his Christmass at Northampton A. D. 1224. together with the Archbishop of Canturbury and his Suffragans and a great number of Military Men But the Earl of Chester with his Conspirators kept that Feast at Leicester swelling against and threatning both the King and the Justiciary because he was required to deliver up to the King the Castles and Lands he had in his Custody The next day the Archbishop with his Suffragans Excommunicated all disturbers of the King and Kingdom and Invaders of the Church or its Rights and gave notice to the Earl of Chester and his Complices that unless the next day they resigned into the Kings hands all the Castles and Honors that belonged to the Crown they should be all excommunicated by name as the Pope had commanded The Earl and those that were with him fearing the Kings power He yields up all the King's Castles and Lands and dreading the Church Censures came to Northampton and submitted and rendred the Castles and Honors that were in their custody into the King's hands However their indignation was not appeased because the Iusticiary was not removed The Authors [3] fol. 320. n. 10. The chief disturbers of the Peace of this disturbance were the Earl of Chester the Earl of Albemarle John Constable of Chester Falcasius with his Castellans Robert de Vipont Brian de Lisle Peter de Malo-Leone Philip Marc Ingelrard de Athie William de Cantelupo and William his Son and many others which did very much endeavor to disturb the Peace of the Kingdom This year Lewis [4] Ibid. The King of France appears before Rochel King of France gathered together a great Army and went to Rochel and offered them a great Summ of Money to Surrender the Town and Swear Allegiance to him The Rochellers seeing themselves * See Hubert de Burghs answer in Append n. â—… He Buys the Town forsaken by the King of England consented and delivered up the Town to the King of France who placed a Garrison in the Town and Castle and returned home without shedding one drop of Blood In the Octaves of Holy Trinity the King at a Parliament [5] Ibid. n. 30 A Parliament at Northamton to consider of â—he Kings Dominions beyond Sea Their intentions frustrated by the Rebellious Practices of Falcasius de Brent A. D. 1224. at Northampton met the Arch-Bishops Bishops Earls Barons and many others to treat about the Affairs of the Kingdom Convenerunt ad Colloquium apud Northampton Rex cum Archiepiscopis Episcopis Comitibus Baronibus multis aliis de Regni negotiis tractaturi The King being willing to take the advice of his Great Men uti consilio Magnatum concerning his Dominions beyond Sea which the King of France had in his possessions But the following Rebellious Practice broke those measures Martin de Pateshulle Thomas de Muleton and Henry de Braiboâ— the Kings Iusticiaries at Dunstable had set a very great Fine upon Falcasius de Brent for the Rapine and Spoyls he had committed As soon as he heard of it he Fortified his Castle at Bedford and sent out some Armed men to take the Iusticiaries and bring them Prisoners to Bedford who Imprisoned one of the Kings Justices in Bedford Castle But having notice of his Design two of them made their Escape and Henry de Braibrock was taken and imprisoned in the Castle [6] Ibid. n. 40 The King and the Council being highly displeased at this insolence and injury offered to his Justiciary it was unanimously resolved to lay all other business aside and by force and Arms to reduce the Castle
But first the Kings Messengers summoned them to Surrender and were answered by William de Brent Falcasius his Brother They did not look [7] Ibid n. 50. The King Summons Bedford Castle upon themselves obliged to deliver it unless commanded by their Lord Falcasius because they were not bound by Homage and fealty to the King The King being enraged at this Answer ordered the Castle to be Besieged The Answer â—o the Summons The Arch Bishop Excommunicates Falcasius and the Garison The Castle taken by Assault and threatned if taken by force not to spare one man The Arch-Bishop and Bishops Excommunicated Falcasius and all that were in Garrison in the Castle But neither the Kings threats nor Ecclesiastical Censures could prevail with them to yeild After many Assaults the Kings Soldiers entred the Castle Many were slain and wounded and the rest submitted to the Kings mercy [8] f. 321. n. 30. Twenty Four of the Garison Hanged whereof Twenty Four were Hanged for their insolence to the King after the Castle was taken Falcasius beforehand had made his Escape out of the Castle and fled into Wales but by the intercession of Alexander Bishop of Coventry [9] Ibid. n. 40. Falcasius submits to the Kings Mercy He is committed to the Custody of the Bishop of London he was introduced to the King where falling down at his feet he implored his mercy urging his Services to the King and his Father in times of Hostility Then the King by the advice of his Council having first taken from him his Castles Lands and Goods committed him to Custody of Eustachius Bishop of London till further Order and caused the * Ibid. f. 322. l. 7. Castle to be Demolished but gave the houses and ground to William de Beauchamp After this the Parliament granted to the King 2 shillings of every Plough Land and the King granted to the Great men Scutage two Marks Sterling of every Knights Fee to be levyed of their Tenants [1] f. 322. l. 3. The King Grants to the great men Scutage from their Tenents In the year 1225. King Henry [2] A Parliament at Westminster A. D. 1225. kept his Christmass at Westminster Praesentibus Clero Populo cum Magnatibus Regionis The Clergy and Laity and the Great Men of the Kingdom being present In this full Assembly Hugo de Burgh the Kings Justiciary in the presence of the Archbishops Bishops and Earls Barons and all others Coram Archiepiscopis Episcopis Comitibus Baronibus aliis Vniversis declared the Damages and Injuries the King susteined in his Dominions beyond Sea wherein not only the King but also many Earls and others were outed of their Possessions And seeing many were concerned the Assistance ought to be proportionable therefore he required their Counsel and Ayd That the Royalties of the Crown and their Antient Rights might be recovered for the retrieving of which He thought the Fifteenth part of all Moveables A Fifteenth granted both of Ecclesiastics and Laic's might be sufficient This being propounded [3] Ibid n. 20. the Archbishop and all the Bishops Earls and Barons Abbats and Priors after some deliberation returned this Answer to the King They would readily gratify his desires if he would Grant to them their long desired Liberties Si libertates din petitas concedere voluisset The Charter of Liberties and of the Forest granted The King agreeing to what the Great Men desired Charters were forthwith Writ and Sealed with the King's Seal and one directed to every County in England And to the Counties in which there were Forests Two were directed One concerning their common Liberties the other concerning the Liberties of the Forest The tenor of these Charters is to be found in the History of King John both being exactly alike A Moneth after Easter a day [4] Ibid. n. 30. was set to choose Twelve Knights and Legal Men Duodecim Milites Homines Legales who upon Oath should distinguish the new Forests from the old ones and what ever Forests were found to be made after the first Coronation of Henry the Second were forthwith to be Disforested The Council being ended Charters were carried to every County and by the Kings Command every one sworn to observe them The way and manner of Levying this Fifteenth was directed by the King and because it was very particular and worth noting how Fifteenths were taxed in those times the Record it self is Printed in the * n. 150. Appendix On Candlemass-day following the King [5] Ibid. n. 40 50. The King Knights his Brother Richard and makes him Earl of Cornwal and Poictou He with others is sent into Gascoigny The Knights and Soldiers of that Countrey come into him He reduceth Gascoigny to Obedience Knighted his Brother Richard and Ten Noblemen with him and made him Earl of Cornwal and Poictou In the Spring he sent him accompanied with William Earl of Salisbury Philip de Albiney and Sixty Knights into Gascoigny who arrived at Burdeux on Palm-Sunday and was Honorably received by the Archbishop and Citizens Then Richard opened the Kings Letters in which he desired Omnes Homines Fideles sui de Regionibus illis All his Men and those that had sworn Allegiance to him in those Countreys should give Ayd and Advice to his Brother Richard for the recovery of his lost Dominion Upon this a great many Knights and Soldiers resorted to him and received Wages from him Then he marched with a great Army through all Gascoigny and seised the Castles of such as refused to do Homage and swear Fealty to King Henry and wherever he met with opposition he reduced them by force and in a short time subdued all that Countrey having first obtained a great Victory over the Earl of Marâ—h who was sent by the King of France to raise the Siege of Reole Castle Rigord * De Gestis Ludowici A. D. 1224. f. 399. n. 20.30 tells this Story otherwise and the later French Historians follow him He says that Lewis sent an Army under the Command of his Marshal to raise the Siege and that when Earl Richard had notice of its coming to the River Garonne he raised it and shipped himself and Men and went for England In March following [6] f. 324. n. 20. Falcasius his Sentence the Great Men met the King at Westminster at a Parlement or Conference Convenerunt apud Westmonasterium ad Colloquium Rex Magnates sui where the King Commanded Sentence should be given against his Traytor Falcasius what was to be done to him the Nobility agreed with the King in this Proceres in hoc cum Rege consenserunt That because both his Father and he had done faithful Service to the Crown many years he should lose neither Life nor Limb For ever to abjure the Kingdom but should for ever abjure the Kingdom Whereupon the King commanded William Earl of Warren safely to conduct him to the
enough to carry over one half of the Army When this came to the Kings knowledge he was highly enraged and laid the whole blame upon [1] Ibid. n. 40 The King accuseth the Justiciary for that Defect The Earl of Britan comes for the King Hubert de Burgh his Justiciary and openly called him Traytor reproaching him for receiving 5000 Marks from the Queen of France to put a stop to his design at length the King was raised to such a height of passion that he drew his Sword and would have Killed the Iusticiary had nor Ranulph Earl of Chester and some others interposed and prevented it On the 9th of October following Henry Earl of Brittain landed in England to conduct the King over Sea as he was bound by former Agreement and Oath who advised the King to lay aside all thoughts of passing over Sea till Easter following because it was dangerous Sayling and a Winter Voyage might be to his loss Upon this the King gave [2] Ibid. n. 50. The Justiciary reconciled to the King The Earl of Britan restored to his rights in England every one liberty to go home again and the Justiciary was reconciled to him Then that Earl did Homage to the King contra omnes homines de Britannia against all men of Brittain and the King restored to him all his right in England and having given him 5000 Marks for the defence of his own Dominions he dismissed him In the year 1230. A. D. 1230. the King [3] f. 364. n. 40. The King of England and King of Scots meet at York at Christmass held his Court at York with the King of Scots who was invited thither together with the Archbishop of the place Earls Barons Knights Et familia magna nimis and an over great multitude of their followers Having celebrated the Festivity with great joy and liberality for three days the King of Scots returned into his own Country and the King of England to London This year [4] f. 365. n. 10. A great Summ of Money Granted to the King the Arch-Bishops Bishops Abbats and Priors throughout all England gave the King a great Summ of Money for the recovering his Rights which were taken from his Father beyond Sea And upon the same Account the Citisens of London were put to a grievous Redemption and the Jews forced to pay the third part of all their substance On Easter following the King [5] f. 365. n. 20. The King passeth over into Britany The Earl thereof delivers up his Towns and Castles to him Many of the Nobility did Homage and Swear fealty gathered together a very great Army of all that ought him Military Service at Reding and Marched from thence to Portsmouth the 30th of April and there took Ship with the greatest part of his Army and Landed at St. Malo on the 3d of May. He was very kindly received by the Earl of Brittain who delivered up to him the strong Towns and Castles of that Country and many of the Nobility did Homage and Swore Fealty to him But Andrew de Viteri with some others refused and fortified their Castles As soon as the King of France heard of this he raised an Army and came to Anâ—ou and posted himself there to hinder King Henry 's March into Poictou who continued yet at Nants expecting the residue of his Army About this time [6] Ibid. n. 50 Discord between the French Nobility there happened a great discord among the French Nobility many of them as was reported being Confederated with the King of England and Earl of Brittain the chief of which were the Duke of Burgundy the Earl of Bologne the Earl of Drius the Earl of Mascu the Earl of St. Paul the Earl of Bar They Arm against the Earls of Champaign and Flanders Engeram de Curci and Robert de Courteney these declared War against the Earls of Champagne and Flanders and having been forty days in the Siege of Anjou obteined leave of their King and returned home The King seeing he could not keep them there presently followed and endeavoured to make Peace between them and the Earls of Champagne and Flanders but could not They entred Champagne and destroyed all before them with Fire and Sword The Earl of Champaign Defeated The Earl raised an Army to oppose them but was soon defeated and put to flight whom they persued to the Gates of Paris [7] fol. 366. n. 10. Suspected for Poysoning of King Lewis and of too much Familiarity with the Kings Mother That which moved these Great men so much against the Earl was That they suspected him to have a hand in poysoning King Lewis at Abignion of which they had accused him before the young King and challenged him to answer it by Duel But through the powerful influence of the Queen the Kings Mother he would hear nothing against him Hereupon they left the Court and occasioned great Commotions in France disdaining to have such a Mistress as had polluted herself with the unchast actions both of this Earl and the Popes Legat. While King Henry and William Marshal were busied in France [8] Ibid. n. 20 The Irish endeavour to Extirpate the English the Irish thought they had a fair opportunity to rid themselves of the English gathered a great Army under the Conduct of the King of Connaught who ravaged and destroyed with Fire and Sword the King of Englands Country When Gaufrid de Marisco the Kings Justiciary in those parts heard what they had done by the assistance of Walter de Lasci They are Defeated and Richard de Burgh raised an Army and by Stratagem defeated them and slew 20000 of them and took their King and kept him close Prisoner About the same time [9] Ibid. n. 40. Several Noblemen of Normandy invite King Henry into that Countrey Fulco Paganel and William his Brother Noblemen of Normandy came to King Henry in Brittain and swore Fealty and did Homage to him and also about Sixty Knights stout and powerful Men who perswaded him to enter Normandy with an Army and he should not in the least doubt success The King liked the Advice but Hubert de Burgh the Iusticiary would not suffer him to follow it alledging the Attempt to be every way dangerous He was unseasonably diverted to their ruine So these Noblemen went away miserably disappointed for the King of France forthwith seized their Castles and Estates After this by the [1] Ibid. n. 50. The King receives the Homages of many People in Anjou Poictou and Gascoigny advice of Hubert de Burgh the King marched with his Army through Anjou into Poictou and from thence into Gascoigny where having received their Homages and secured the Countrey he returned into Poictou and received the Homages of many persons in this Cavalcade he took the Castle of Mirebean In the Month of * Ibid. f. 267. n. 10. A Parlement or Colloquium in France Peace made between the
Noblemen The Conditions of the Peace September the King of France and his Mother met at a Parlement or Conference Convenerunt ad Colloquium c. with the Honorable and Great Men of that Kingdom who after the death of the Kings Father had made War one upon another in which Treaty Peace was made upon the following Conditions First That the Earl of Champaigne the principal Author of this Discord should undertake the Croysado to the Holy-Land and there with an Hundred Knights fight against the Enemies of Christ Secondly That the King of France and his Mother should swear upon the Holy Gospels That they would restore to every one their Rights and that they would Judge all Men of that Nation according to right Custom or Law due to every Man In the mean time King [2] Ibid. n. 20.30 The English Army lies idle in France Spend their Money pawn their Horses The King returns into England Henry with his Army lay idle at Nantes doing nothing but spend his Treasure The Earls and Barons seeing Hubert de Burgh would not permit them to fight with their Enemies Feasted according to the English manner and invited one another and Drank as if it had been Christmass Those which were poor having spent all their Money Sold or Pawned their Horse and Arms At length the King in October having provided for the defence of that Land left 500 Knights and 1000 Stipendiary Servientes or Horsemen under the Command of Ranulph Earl of Chester William Marshal and William Earl of Albemarl shipped himself and Landed at Portsmouth on the 26th of that Month. After the Kings departure [3] Ibid. n. 40. The English make an inroad into Anjou and Normandy the Earl of Chester and others whom he had left the Chief Governors of his Army made an Incursion with the whole Army into Anjou and took Gontier Castle demolished it and burnt the Town and soon after entred Normandy in like manner and took the Castle of Pontorsun and levelled it with the groud and burnt the Town they returned into Britain with great spoils without any loss to themselves A. D. 1231. In the year 1231. [4] Ibid. n. 50. A Parlement or Conference The King demands three Marks Scutage of every Knights Fee The King at Christmass kept his Court at Lambeth and on the 26th of January He met his Prelates and Great Men at Westminster Convenerunt ad Colloquium apud Westmonasterium Rex cum Prelatis aliis Magnatibus Regni where the King required a Scurage three Marks of every Knights Fee of all that held Baronies of him whether Laics or Prelates But Richard Archbishop of Canturbury and some Bâ—shops opposed it alledging that Ecclesiasticks were not to be Taxed by and with Lay-men for that in Transmarine Countreys Scurage was Granted by Laics without them However all the rest as well Laics and Clercs as Prelates readily submitted to the King's pleasure Soon after the Archbishop of Canturbury [5] fol. 368. n. 10.20 The Archbishop Complains to the King of the Justiciary The King asserts his Prerogative complained to the King that Hubert the Justiciary had possessed himself of the Castle and Town of Tonebridge and other Lands that belonged to the late Earl of Glocester deceased for which Homage was due to the Church of Canturbury To whom the King replyed That the above-mentioned Earl held of him in Capite and that it was his Prerogative to dispose of the Wardships of Earls and Barons and of their Heirs to whom he pleased till they should come to full Age. When the Archbishop could obtain no other Answer He Excommunicated all that had entred upon the aforesaid possessions The Archbishop goes to Rome The King sends to defend his cause Richard Earl of Cornwal Marries the Countess and also every one except the King that should converse with them and then went to Rome to prosecute his Suit in that Court The King likewise sent Roger de Canteln with some others to plead his Cause before the Pope This year at Easter Richard the Kings Brother Married Isabel Countess of Glocester Sister to William Marshal Earl of Pembroke which William dyed immediately after that Solemnity This year in May the [6] Ibid. n. 30. The Welch make incursions into England The Bishops Excommunicate them Welch under their King Leolin made many Incursions and great spoils upon the Borderers of Wales sparing neither Sacred Persons nor Places when the Bishops and Prelates heard of it they Excommunicated Leolin and all his Favorers and Abettors and the King having raised an Army to repress them built Maud Castle which the Welch had formerly demolished and placed a strong Garrison in it to hinder their incursions Having finished this Castle in October he returned into England Ibid fol. 370. n. 30. This year in June [7] fol. 369. n. 30. The King of France designed to invade Britany His Carriages Victuals and Warlike Engines taken A Truce for three years the King of France with a great Army designed to invade Brittain but was prevented by the Earls of Brittain and Chester who had prepared an Ambush to intercept the Carriages of his Army with the Victuals and Engines which so effectually succeeded that they took and destroyed them all The French being thus surprized and discouraged a Truce was agreed upon and concluded for three years between the two Kings On the King of France his part by the Archbishop of Rhemes and Earl of Bologne and on the King of Englands part by the Earls of Brittain and Chester who soon after came into [8] Ibid. n. 40. Richard Marshal offers Homage for his Brothers Estate England with Richard Mareschal and were very honorably received by the King Then Richard Mareschal offered to do Homage to the King and whatever else was required of him as Heir to his Brother William Mareschal deceased To whom the King by the advice of his Justiciary gave this Answer That He heard his The King refuseth to receive his Homage and Commands him to depart the Kingdom Brothers Wife was with Child and would not determine any thing till that was certainly known adding moreover that He had confaederated with his Enemies in France and upon that Account commanded him to depart the Kingdom within fifteen days and never to return again upon pain of perpetual imprisonment When he received this Answer from the King he passed over into [9] Ibid. n. 50. He resolves to recover his Inheritance by force Ireland where he was kindly received had all his Brothers Castles delivered to him and had Homage with Fealty done him Also Pembroke Castle with the Honor belonging to it was yielded to him After this he got together a great number of Armed Men resolving if necessity required to recover his Inheritance by force The King upon this changed his Thoughts and accepted his Homage and Fealty The King accepts his Homage and granted him all his Rights taking only
but heard his Pleasure and the Business he had with them from his Commissioners or Messengers Walter Archbishop of York Richard Earl of Cornwal and Walter Provost of Beverly By whom they advised the King to send to the King of France for amends if he had done any thing contrary to the form of the Truce between them and not to Declare War until the time of it was expired If he had done any Injury and that it could be proved and denyed Restitution they would assist him according to their Abilities They counted many Aids they had given him and remembred especially the last of a 30th part of their Moveables which was by stipulation to have been expended by the advice and oversight of four Barons for the Benefit of the King and Kingdom And seeing they had not heard of any expended by their Advice they did believe the King had all that Money by him which he might now make use of and told them the King by keeping many Bishopricks in his hands by the Escheats of the Lands of Earls Barons and Knights by Fines and Amerciaments his Itinerant Justices had set upon Counties Hundreds Cities Burghs and Towns had of late raised a great Summ of Money When the Kings Commissioners asked them What if the King of France should break the Truce before it expired And promised them in behalf of the King That if he had done any Injury to any of the great men he would make satisfaction according to the Judgement of Peter of Savoy and others of his Council To the first the Barons Answered as they had before concerning him To the Second they said they had heard those things formerly when they Granted the 30th part of their Moveables But whether they had been performed they left that to the King himself and so remained Resolute in not Granting the King an Ayd Not one Word here of any Billingsgate Language or Revileing of the King with which the Monks report doth very much abound When King Henry 's [2] fol. 582. n. 40. King Henry prepares for his Expedition The Earl of March his promise Designs were known to the King of France he prepared 24 Gallies to hinder the English from landing at Rochel in the mean time King Henry was only busied in providing money for the Earl of March had promised to procure Men enough Then Peter of Savoy Earl of Richmond and Peter [3] f. 583. n. 10. The Kings Messengers to the Poictovins hardly escaped the French Bishop of Hereford were sent into Poictou to secure the King of England what assistance and friends they could among the Poictovins But both of them very hardly escaped being taken by the French returned again to England without effecting any thing to purpose Against Easter [4] Ibid. n. 20. The Kings Summons to the Military Men not in the usual Tenor. He commits the Kingdom to the Arch-Bishop of York and passes over Sea A contract between his Daughter and the King of Scots eldest Son the King sent out Summons to those that ought him Military Service to meet him at Portsmouth not with Horse and Arms according to the usual tenor but in lieu of their Service with a great Summe of Money cum Magna pecuniae summa Then the King having committed the custody of the Kingdom to the Arch-bishop of York and received into his favor the Bishop of Chichester formerly his Chancellor and recalled Ralph Fitzâ—Nicholas and Godfrey Craucumb he took Ship at Portsmouthâ— with Queen Alienor Earl Richard and seven other Earls and landed in Gascoigny where they were received by Reginald de Pontibus and the Great Men of that Country and for the better secuâ—y of his Affairs at home a Marriage was agreed upon between â—lexander Eldest son to the King of Scots and Margaret his Daughter and that part of the Kingdom which bordered upon Scotland was committed to the Care of that King at the time he should be beyond Sea The King of France was not idle all this while but [5] fol. 584. n. 30 40. The number and quality of the French Army prepared a great Army which consisted of 4000 Knights exactly Armed and 20000 Esquires or Servants Crossbow men and Common Soldiers besides a dayly confluence of men from all parts of his Dominions towards Poictou He marched with his Army and set down before Fontenâ—y a Castle of the Earl of March In the time of the Siege the King of England sent Ralph Fitz Nicholas and Nicholas de Molis to the King of France to [6] fol. 587. n. 10 King Henry sendeth Messengers to the King of France They are kindly received and Answered declare War unless he would submit to his desires The King of France received them very kindly and answered that he was so far from breaking the Truce that he was willing it should be continued [7] Ibid. n. 30. three years longer and would consent he should have delivered to him the greatest part of Normandy and Poictou but wondred his Cousin of England should think that he infringed the Truce in the least when he endeavoured only to correct and repress the insolence of his own men suos homines that proved Rebels and Traytors to him and that he should be so much concerned for the Earls of March and Thoulouse and thought he had violated the Truce in receiving and incouraging his Rebellious Subjects and Enemies With this Answer the [8] fol. 588. lin 1. King Henry refuseth the offers of the King of France Messengers returned to the King of England who would not hear of renewing the Truce but sent some Hospitallers in his Name to defie the King of France who now began to [9] Ibid. n. 10. The King of France concerned for the Oath of his Father Lewis to King Henry His scruples are satisfied His Successes against the Earl of March his Castles repent he had made so fair Overtures for Peace and expressed his Sorrow that the King of England should be thus wheadled by the Earls of March and Tholouse and shewed himself most concerned for the Oath his Father Lewis had made to King Henry when he left England But one of his Great Men replyed That that Oath was mutual and that the King of England had violated his part when he broke his promise to Lewis his Accomplices and caused Constantine a Citizen of London to be hanged for defending your Fathers Honor. This satisfyed the Kings Scruples and then he proceeded to make a vigorous attack upon the Castle which after 15 days Siege was taken by assault contrary to the confidence of all the Poictovins and the Earl of March his Son and all his Accomplices were made Prisoners When some that were about the King advised that they might be executed for a Terror to other Rebels He replyed The Son obeyed his Father They all Surrender or Capitulate and the rest the Command of their Lord and upon that Account neither of them deserved Death
however he sent them Prisoners to Paris and there to be secured This put the rest of the Defendents of the Earl of March his Castles into such an Affright that some of their own accord came in and delivered up their Keys to the King of France and others capitulated upon his appearing before them These uninterrupted Successes made the [1] fol. 589. l. 1. The Earl of March repents him that he had ingaged himself against his own King King Henry put upon great difficulties and distresses Earl of March and his Poictovins almost desperate who now began to repent they had ingaged themselves against their own Lord the King of France In the mean time the King of England came before the City of Tailleburgh and pitched in a Meadow over against it When the King of France heard of it he marched with his Army towards that place As soon as the Citizens had notice of his approach they went out to meet him and surrendred their City to him and invited him to take possession of it When the King of England saw himself thus disappointed and that he must now fight the French with the men he had with him [2] Ibid. n. 50 He called to the Earl of March and asked how he had performed his promise of procuring Men enough to baffle the French if he supplyed them with Money The Earl replyed He never made any such promise The Earl of March denies his promise made to him Then Earl Richard produced the Chart of Agreement between them He denyed that it was ever made or sealed by him or that he had ever encouraged the undertaking this expedition but it was [3] fol. 590. lin 1 2 3 4. the contrivance of his Wife and his Mother When the King heard the Earl's Reply he was very much concerned and Earl Richard seeing the danger the King was in of being made prisoner [4] fol. 590. n. 10. Earl Richard goes to the French Camp and obtains a Truce disarmed himself and with a Staff in his Hand went to the French Camp where he was kindly and honorably received and being introduced to the Kings Presence he desired a Truce which the King granted for one day and a night following Assoon as the Earl had obtained this Truce he returned to King Henry and advised him to make his escape with as much speed as he could otherwise he would be taken prisoner [5] Ibid. n. â—0 King Henry's flight to Xaints The King followed his advice took Horse at night and never stopped till he came to Xaints the whole Army followed him but with great hazard and some loss Next day the King of France decamped and marched with his Army towards Xaints after some few days both Armies met and fought and had the English [6] Ibid n. 40. A Fight between the English and French equalled the French in number they had gained an entire victory The number of those that were slain on either side is not mentioned but the Prisoners that were taken were exchanged Those that behaved themselves with Courage and Resolution in this Battle were Simon Montfort Earl of Leicester the Earl of Salisbury the Earl of Norfolk Roger Bigod John de Burgo Warin de Monâ—chensy Hubert Fitz-Matthew Ralph Fitz-Nicholas with some others When the [7] fol. 591. n. 10 20. The Earl of March endeavours to be reconciled to the King of France Earl of March saw how successful the King of France was in every thing he attempted and that his strength daily increased He began to consider how he should regain his Favour and be reconciled unto him He therefore privily sent to the Earl of Brittain that he with the Bishop of Xaints would use their endeavours with the King of France to procure his Pardon Upon this they both went to the King and assured him That the Earl of March was sensible how much he had offended against him and his Crown and implored his Mercy and Favour adding he might receive him under what conditions he pleased The King of France [8] Ibid. n. 30 40. The Terms upon which he made his Peace accepted the offer and was reconciled unto him upon these Terms That whatever that King had possessed himself of the Earls during this War should be for ever annexed to the Crown and also That all those Castles that were in his possession whether they were his own or his friends which were thought to be injurious to the King of France should be delivered into his hands for three years and then not to be restored unless the King was satisfied of his Fidelity That He should with 200 armed Men enter into his Service and faithfully serve him for three years at his own charges against all enemies of the Church or Crown of France Moreover he should surrender up his Charter whereby the King of France was obliged to pay him 10000 l. a year for defence of the Marches and should quit any such claim for the future [9] Ibid. n. 50. He enters into the King of France his Service To these hard Conditions he was forced to consent to obtain his pardon and was presently sent against the Earl of Tholouse his old friend and the King of Englands Confederate This was all done without the knowledge of King Henry who had by [1] fol. 592. n. 10. King Henry loseth the affections of the Citizens of Xaint Charter given the City of Xaints to Hugh Bruno the Earl of March his Son and his younger Brother without the privity of the Citizens whereby the King lost their Affections for that they hated Hugh However he thought himself safe and secure there till he was informed by one from the French Camp that that King [2] Ibid. n. â—0 He is certified the King of France designed to besiege that City His flight to Blaie designed to come and besiege that City very suddenly and was resolved not to rise till he had made him prisoner which was confirmed by another who likewise assured him that the Earl of March was revolted to the French and if He continued there one night longer he would be besieged King Henry being by this Second Messenger confirmed in his belief that the news was true fled to Blaie a Town in Gascoigny about 40 or 50 English miles from Xaints and his Army followed but were so harassed with the length and suddenness of the March that they were unfit for any service All Poictou submit to the King of France Upon this Xaints Ponz and all Poictou forthwith submitted to the King of France only Hertoldus Governor of [3] fol. 593. n. 50. Hertoldus his Fidelity to King Henry Mirabell Castle went to the King of England and implored his protection to whom the King replyed He was betrayed by the Earl of March and was scarce able to secure his own person and therefore gave him leave to act according to his own discretion Then he went to the King of
France and submitted himself to his Mercy and Protection to whom the King replyed [4] fol. 594. n. 20. He is kindly received by the King of France That He only had behaved himself faithfully to his King and therefore received the Castle and himself very kindly and having first taken his Oath of Fealty he restored it to him again William de [5] fol. 411 412 413 414. William de Nangis his relation of this story Nangis in the Life of King Lewis in this year and in the relation of this Story in some things is more particular in some things less than Paris in the main of the Story they agree The French Historian saith The Earl of March sent his eldest Son Hugh who made peace with the King of France upon these Terms That such Lands as the King of France had taken from his Father should remain to the Earl of Poictou the King of France his Brother and his Heirs That concerning the Rest of Land the Earl of March and his Wife with their Children were to stand to the Pleasure and Courtesie of the King of France and for the security of the King of France the Earl was to deliver his three strong Castles Mâ—lpinum Merpin Crosanum his Castle upon the River Crosa or Creuse and Castrum Aâ—hardi Castle-Achard which presently received his Garisons and most of the Barons and Great Men of Poictou did Homage to the King of France The day after [6] Paris fol. â—94 n. 30. Midsummer Queen Alienor was brought to bed of a Daughter at Burdeaux Queen Alienor brought to Bed of a Daughter at Burdeaux A Truce between England and France for five years which was named Beatrix In the mean time the King of France purposed to persue the King of England to Blay and from thence to Burdeaux if he fled thither But want of Victuals and Forrage and the Pestilence which raged in his Army together with his own illness made him alter those measures he had before resolved upon and instead of fighting he made a Truce with the King of England for [7] Nangis de Gestis Lud. ix f. 414. n. 40 five years and then returned into France by Xaints and in a short time recovered his health This year the King of England required [8] Paris fol. 595. n. 30. and fol. 597. n. 20. Three Marks upon every Knights Fee Several Great Men desire leave to return into England Scutage to be paid him throughout all England of every Knights Fee three Marks or as others but Twenty Shillings About Michaelmass Earl Bigod Roger Earl of Winchester and many other Great Men came to the King and desired leave to return into England which was granted [9] Ibid. n. 50. The King's unkindness to William de Ros. Earl Richard represents his hard usage to the King At the same time the King Treated William de Ros very unkindly who after he had spent his Money in the Kings Service and not having wherewithal to maintain himself had his Lands seized without judgment of his Peers When Earl Richard perceived how hardly he was dealt withal He went to the King and blamed him for it but the King received him with great Passion and Threats Earl Richard made no return but when he saw the King continued resolute and would not be guided by his advice [1] fol. 596. n. 10. He William Earl Mareschal the Earl of Hereford and many other Great Men left the King at Burdeux with his Queen and took Ship and came over into England In October King Henry [2] Ibid. n. 20 30 40. A. D. 1242. The King writes to the Arch-Bishop of York to send him Provisions sent to the Archbishop of York to whom he had committed the Government of the Kingdom in his absence Commanding him to take the Grain of the Archbishopric of Canturbury and all other Bishoprics that were void with Bacon Salt and other winter Provision together with Cloth to make Garments and without delay to send them to him at Burdeux * He sent 10000 Quarters of Wheat 5000 Quarters of Oats and as many Bacons And to enter upon their Estates who left his Service The â—ing trusteth to Forreign Counsels and is deceived by them which was done according to his desire Moreover he Commanded the Arch-Bishop that he should seize and confiscate the Estates of those that withdrew themselves from his Service but the Arch-bishop prudently declined to execute his Command because necessity forced them to retire and also they that continued with the King at Burdeux namely Simon Earl of Leicester William Earl of Salisbury and some other Noblemen contracted such great Debts that they were reduced to penury The King likewise gave himself wholly up to softness and unprofitable expence of Money and was now altogether guided by the Counsels of the King of Arragon and Earl of Tholouse who never stood by him at any time when necessity pressed him but was ever deluded and defrauded by them the Poictovins and Gascoignians [3] fol. 597. n. â—0 so that notwithstanding he had so many supplies of Money and Provision and Cloaths for his Soldiers yet he was [4] Ibid. n. 30 40 50. He desires one â—ears profit of the Cistercians Wooll their Answer to the King's desire reduced to so great and urgent necessities that He again wrote to the Arch-Bishop of York to desire of the Cistercian Order One years profit of all their Wool from which they endeavoured by plausible pretences to excuse themselves but when pressed by the Arch-Bishop to a complyance with the King's desires who always was ready to succor their necessities One of the Abbats of that Order answered That the King was sworn to do Justice and they never desired any thing of him in special which he was not obliged to do for them in general If [5] fol. 598. lin 3. he would give them any thing for the Health of his Soul or of his Ancestors Souls or the state of his Kingdom they were ready to receive it An. D. 1243. In the Year 1243. King [6] fol. 598. n. 10. Henry remained all Winter at Burdeaux from whence in the beginning of March following he again [7] Ibid. n. 40 50. The King sends to the Arch-Bishop for a supply of Provision of Victuals and Money wrote to the Arch Bishop of York to send him Provision and Money complaining he had â—eceived neither since the Abbat of Evesham came to him This amazed the Arch-bishop who had so lately sent such large supplies of both from hence he conjectured the Sea had devoured it Wherefore he made further Provision both of Victuals and Money and designed to send it unto him but the [8] Ibid. n. 50. The Wardens of the Cinquâ— Ports refuse to carry it Wardens of the Cinque-ports refused to undertake it unless he would provide a Convoy of ships sufficient to protect them against the Pyracies of the Earl of
at Portsmouth on the 28th of May and arrived at Burdeaux the last of the same Month. Not long after their Landing [8] f. 890. n. 20. Prince Edward marryed to Alienor the King of Spains Sister What Settlement the King made upon Prince Edward his Son Prince Edward was sent in great Pomp to Alphons King of Spain where when he had Married his Sister Alienor he was Knighted by him At his Return with his Bride to his Father he brought with him the King of Spains Release or Grant of Gascony before mentioned and King Henry forthwith setled upon him and his Wife Gascony Ireland Wales Bristol Stamford and Grantham And from that time the King began to prepare for his Voyage into England [9] Ibid. n. 30 The Kings expences in his late Expedition when upon stating the Account it appeared his Expences in those Expeditions had been Twenty Seven Hundred Thousand Pounds and more besides the Lands Wardships and Rents he had given to Strangers and besides thirty thousand Marks he had given to and expended upon his Poictovin half Brothers About this time Master Albert returned to Rome and [1] f. 892. n. 30. Albert acquainteth the Pope on what conditions Earl Richard would accept the Kingdoms of Sicily and Apulia The Pope offereth them to Edmund King Henry's Second Son certified the Pope That the proposals made to Richard Earl of Cornwall concerning the Kingdom of Sicily and Apulia would take Effect He would not expose himself to uncertain events requiring of the Pope Security and Pleges for what he should undertake Money also toward his charge of subduing that Kingdom and some of his Castles for places of retreat Upon this Report [2] f. 893. n. 30. the Pope sent private Messengers to King Henry and offered him that Kingdom to the use of his Son Edmund who very forwardly embraced the seeming favour and received it with much satisfaction and to make way for him Innocent the 4th had accused [2] f. 893. n. 30. Conrad Son of Frederic the rightful King of Heresie Murther and other great Crimes To which accusation he gave a very clear [3] Paris Additament f. 192 n. 50. Answer yet Dyed not long after to the great Joy of the Pope who presently subdued almost all Apulia But both Sicilian and Apulian Nobility rather than be under his Government set up [4] Paris Hist f. 893. n. 50. f. 897. n. 40. Manfred a Natural and Legitimated Son of Frederick and did Homage and Swear Allegiance to him King Henry having made Peace with the King of Spain and setled Gascony asked leave of the King of France to [5] Ibid. f. 896. lin 4. pass through his Kingdom which was Granted The King of England [6] Ibid. f. 898. n. 50. 899 900 c. A glorious interview between the Kings of England and France had with him 1000 brave Horse and Noble Riders besides Sumpter Horses and other Carriages There was with him his Queen and her Sister the Countess of Cornwall and the King of France with his Queen and her other Sisters the Countesses of Anjou and Provence and the Mother of them all the old Countess of Provence met them at Charâ—res The interview was Glorious and from thence they were conducted to Paris where for Eight Days they remained together in great Splendor and with mighty Entertainments after which time the King of France brought him one days Journey toward the Sea [7] Ibid. f. 901. n. 10 20 30 â—0 A. D. 1255. King Henry returneth into England When the King of England came to Bologn he found the Wind Cross so as he was forced to stay there on Christmass day which was Fryday on the Sunday following the Wind came fair and he Landed at Dover where his Brother Richard Earl of Cornwall met him with many of the Nobility the Bishops also and the Abbats and Priors all making him great and Rich Presents in Gold and Silver which went toward the Payment of his Debts which were great Fifteen dayes after Easter [8] f. 904. n. 40 50. All the Nobility of England Assembled at London The King acquainteth them with his necessities and Debts Their Answer all the Nobility of England as well Ecclesiastics as Seculars met at London so as there had not been seen before such a Populous Multitude In Quindena Paschae Convenerunt Londâ—ni omnes Nobiles Angliae tam viri Ecclesiastici quam Seculares ita quod nunquam tam populosa Multitudo ibi antea visa fuerit Congregata The King acquainted this great Convention with his Debts letting them know without their assistance he could not pay them and therefore earnestly Requested an Ayd sufficient They were very Querulous recounting old Grievances and withal demanded that the Justiciary Chancellor and Treasurer might be chosen by the Common Council of the Kingdom as had been justly and anciently * So says the Moâ—k but neither he nor any of his Bretheren if then demanded could have given two Instances of the Practice used sicut ab antiquo Consuetum justum and likewise that they might not without notorious Faults be removed but by the Common Consent and Deliberation of the Kingdom which the King not Granting [9] Ibid. f. 905. l. 6. They Generally declared to the King that Business should be deferred until Michaelmass and the Council was Dissolved This Summer [1] f. 906. n. 10 20 30 40. Cardinal Octavian defeated by Manfred King of Sicily Pope Alexander the Fourth following the steps of his Predecessor Innocent in prosecuting the Business of Sicily and Apulia sent Cardinal Octavian with an Army of sixty thousand men to destroy the City of Nocera and Manfred that was then in it who upon their approach to it Marched out with a great Body of men and utterly Defeated Octavian and the Popes Army The News of this Defeat put the Pope into great Disorder and Confusion seeing the Church had promised the Kingdom of Sicily and Apulia to the King of England who as all the Writers of this time Report paid this Army for the use of his Son Edmund [2] Ibid. n. 40. to whom the Pope had sent a Ring of Investiture by the Bishop of Bononia who was then upon his Journey toward England The King having [3] f. 908. n. 20 30 40 50. f. 909. n. 10. King Henry goes into Scotland to give remedy to his Daughters complaints of her hard usage received many Complaints from his Daughter the Queen of Scots of her hard usage in that Nation went to Edenburgh to Visit her and when he came upon the Borders of Scotland sent before him Richard Earl of Glocester and John Mansel his Clerc to see how things were and to inquire and examine whether the Complaints she made of Robert Ros and John Bailiol who had been with others appointed Governors of the King Queen and Kingdom were true At first Robert Ros withdrew himself but
and France and what had been Treated of was approved of and a Peace concluded on Valentines-Day if both parties would consent to what their Agents had agreed and Determined In the [5] Ibid. f. 986. n. 10. Several English Noblemâ—n sent to a Parlement held in France beginning of April by the Command and Advice of the King and whole Baronage the Earls of Clare and Leycester John Mansel Peter of Savoy and Robert Walerand were sent to the King of France and his Great Parlement holden at that time and carried with them King Henry's Chart of the Resignation of Normandy with Letters of Credit to put an end to all differences that were and had been a long time depending between the two Kings and also to Confirm and Establish what had been lately agreed by their Agents But because these Envoyes were * Q. Whether they fell out or went not or came not together dispersed Sed quia ob eorundem Nunciorum dispersionem Quid super hoc actum est c What was done in this Matter was not certainly known or made publick When * Ibid. f. 987. n. 10. all things were agreed the Countess of Leicester would not Resign some Rights she pretended to in Normandy whereupon there arose a great Quarrel between the two Earls which with much difficulty was taken up by the Mediation of Friends This year [6] Cl. 43. H. 3. M. 10. Dors Lewellin invadeth England All Military Tenents Summoned to Chester and Shrewsbury Lewelin Son of Griffin in a hostile manner invaded the Kings his Son Edwards and other his Subjects Lands and for that the Truce between them was to determine on the 8th of August by Advice of the Great Men of his Council he summoned all that held of him in Capite to be at Shrewsbury and Chester with their Service upon the First of that Month. Adomar the Elect of Winchester had prevailed with the [7] Cl. 43. H. 3. M. 4. Dors Adomar desires to be admitted into England but is denyed Pope to send Velastus his Penitentiary and Chaplain by Advice of his Cardinals with his Letters directed to the King and Barons to intercede with them for his admission into England and injoyment of the Bishopric of Winchester The Answer of the King and Barons to this Letter and Mediation was a flat denial but modestly drawn up as 't is to be found in my Answer to Mr. Petit's Rights of the Commons c. f. 83. It is Reported [8] Paris f. 989. n. 10. Why King Henry omitted â—e Titles of Duke of Normandy and Earl of Anjou by the continuer of Mat. Paris That King Henry upon pretence that Rollo Duke of Normandy obtained that portion of France by Force and Extortion when the King of France was unable to assert his Right having neither Money or Army to defend it Therefore says he the King of England resigned the Dukedom of Normandy and Earldom of Anjou upon payment of 300000 pounds of Turon Money for which he promised him the Restitution of 20000 pound yearly Rent in Gascoigne and from thence-forward he left out of his Style the Title of Duke of Normandy and Earl of Anjou In the absence [9] Ibid f. 982. n. 40. A. D. 1259. Quare how this agrees with the Record above Henry de Wengham chosen Bishop of Winchester but refuses it of Aethelmar or Adomar Elect of Winchester the Monks chose Henry de Wengham then Chancellor to be their Bishop the King consented saving the Right of Adomar if he could obtain Consecration to that Bishoprick from the Pope He refused it because the Title was Litigious and excused himself That he was not fit for such a Dignity or the Cure of Souls having read little Divinity or studied the Scriptures as he ought Yet Fulke Bishop of London dying about that time he accepted that Bishoprick notwithstanding his insufficiency and procured the Kings [1] Append. n. 199. Letters Patents by Advice of his Council he being one of the 24 to hold and retain all his former Ecclesiastical Dignities and Benefices whereof the King was Patron together with his Bishoprick for so long time as the Pope should please to give him a Dispensation Notwithstanding Athelmar was forced to quit the Kingdom The King while he was beyond Sea judged the Bishoprick void seized the Temperalties and Stock thereof [2] Append. n. 200. Adomars Bishopric Seized by the King but on conditions and Granted 5000 Sheep 200 Cows and 10 Bulls to this Bishop of London Elect to stock that Bishoprick warranting them against the Bishops of Winchester Provided always That if Adomar should recover Possession of his Bishoprick they should be restored to him In the year 1260. King [3.] Paris f. 989. n. 30. A. D. 1260. 44. of Henry 3. Henry was at London with a multitude of Strangers Says the Continuer of Mat. Paris But that could not be for by the close Rolls of this year M. 5. Dors it appears he was in France at Paris Treating of Peace c. with that King the 19 th and 28 th of December at Paris and 17 th of January at St. Denis and was there and in Flanders a great part of this year as is clear from the Patent and close Rolls being dated at several Towns in those Countreys where the King then was This year Dyed [4] Ibid. Annal. Burton f. 446. Pope Alexander dye's and Vrban Succeeded him Pope Alexander the 4th to whom Urban the 4th succeeded and was Consecrated the fourth of September In the Kings absence the Great [5] Paris f. 990. n. 40. Revenues of the Italians Churches to be paid to the Barons receivers men Commanded all the Religious who farmed the Revenues of the Churches possessed by the Italians not to answer any of the Rent to them but to pay it at a time and place appointed to such as should be assigned by the Barons to receive it which if they refused to do they threatned to burn their Houses and Goods and to inflict the same punishment upon their persons which was prepared for the Romans [6] Ibid. n. 50. Simon Montfort reported to have dyed a Martyr A. D. 1261. They likewise commanded the Bishops not to interpose or concern themselves for any of the Romans or their Revenues upon like penalty By this Provision or Decree of the Barons saith the Monk England for almost three years was freed from Exactors until Simon Montfort was slain Et Martyrio ut Creditur Coronatus and as it was believed Crowned with Martyrdom In the year 1261. King Henry was at [7] Ibid. fol. 990. n. 50. King Henry employs the Treasure in the Tower for its repair Christmass in the Tower at London with his Queen who after he had broke his promise made to the Great Men was constreined to retire thither to secure himself He commanded the lookâ— of the Treasure which had a long time been kept there to be forced and employed
Messengers at Rome promised the Pope a Tenth of all Moveables in England and Ireland Ibid. B. He prepared to go over Sea but wanted Ships f. 543. B. C. He laid the Blame on Hubert Earl of Kent Ibid. D. An Enterview between him and the King of Scots Ibid. F. A great Sum granted for his Expedition into France f. 544. l. 1. He received the Homages of the Britans Anjovins Poictovins and Gascoigns Ibid. A. B. f. 445. B. His Army impoverished and his return into England Ibid. D. E. He demanded Scutage of his Military Tenents f. 546. A. He was disswaded from marrying the King of Scots Sister f. 547. E. His Great Men deny him an Aid f. 548. A. B. He pleads his Poverty and called his Great Officers to an account f. 549. E. F. He was much incensed against Hubert Earl of Kent f. 550. D. A fortieth part of all Moveables granted to him Ibid. E. His Severity to Hubert f. 551. C. 552. A. B. He is moved to compassion towards him Ibid. C. He removed Englishmen from his Councils f. 553. F. The Insolent Message he received from his Barons f. 554. F. His Military Tenents that refused to obey his Summons treated as Traytors f. 555. C. D. He broke his promise to Richard Earl Mareschal f. 556. lin 3. He commanded the Bishops to Excommunicate him but they refused him Ibid. D. His Army defeated by the Mareschals Policy Ibid. E. F. He was advised by the Bishops to remove Foreigners from his Council and his Answer f. 559. B. C. He reformed his Court and made a Truce with Wales Ibid. E. F. f. 560. F. His Summons to his old Counsellâ—rs to stand to the Law f. 561. B. He sent Assistance to the Earl of Brittan f. 562. A. He married Alienor Daughter to the Earl of Provence f. 563. A. He removed several Sheriffs and Court Officers f. 564 D. E. His Chancellor refused to deliver up the Seal Ibid. F. He endeavored to void such Grants as wanted the Popes confirmation f. 565. A. His gracious Offer and Demand f. 566. A. A thirtieth part of all Moveables granted and the condition upon which it was to be paid Ibid. E. f. 567. lin 1. His Liberality to Strangers f. 568. lin 3. An Agreement between him and the King of Scots Ibid. C. D. He sent Assistance to the Emperor f. 571. A. A Plot against his Life discovered Ibid. D. His displeasure against Simon Montford f. 573. A. The Emperors complaint against him f. 574. C. He owned himself the Popes Feudatary Ibid. D. He countenanced Papal exactions on the Clergy f. 576. B. He was displeased with the Italian Clerks f. 577. D. He received the Homage of David Prince of Wales f. 578. C. He Resolved upon an Expedition into France though disswaded by the Parlement f. 581.582 How he was received in Gascoigny f. 583. F. His Daughter Margaret contracted to the King of Scots eldest Son Ibid. He refused to renew the Truce with France f. 584. B. The Earl of March deserted him f. 585. D. He was put to great streights and many flights Ibid. B. f. 586. A. B. Scutage paid him all over England f. 587. A. His Great Men leave him and return to England Ibid. B. He sent into England for supplies of Victuals and Money f. 587. C. 588. A. He was much deceived by Foreign Counsels f. 587. D. A Truce between him and France confirmed f. 588. B. His return into England and Pompous reception Ibid. C. D. He seized the Normans Estates in England f. 589. D. E. The King of Scots refused to be his Tenent f. 590. A. The Great Men refuse him an Aid unless their Grievances were redrâ—ssed Ibid. C. E. F. A new Government projected for him f. 591. B. His promise to the Great Men Ibid. E. Articles of Agreement between him and the King of Scots f. 592. A. His success in his Expedition against the Welch f. 593. F. 594. A. He first prohibited and then consented to the Popes Exactions f. 596. B. C. D. E. He restrained the Jurisdiction of the Clergy f 599. D. E. He was sharply reproved by his Great Men and then promised them to correct what was amiss f. 601. A. His Speech to the Parlement Ibid. C. He was constrained to sell his Jâ—wels and Plate Ibid. D. E. His wants forced him to ask Money of his Subjects f. 602. B. C. D. He and sâ—veral of the Nobility undertake the Cross f. 603. B. He retrenched the Expence of his Houshold f. 604. E. His Daughter Margaret married to Alexander King of Scots f. 606. B. The Pope sollicited him to assist the King of France Ibid. D. Simon Montfort Earl of Leicester gave him the Lye f 607. E. The Great Men take his part against him f. 609. D. His want of Money reduced him to great streights f. 610. D. A tenth of all Church Revenues for three years and a Military Aid of three Marks granted him f. 611. A. B. His Expedition into Gascoigny and success Ibid. D. E. His Message to the Parlement at London for Assistance against the King of Spain f. 612. B. The Answer of the Queen Earl Richard and the Great Men Ibid. C. D. E. F. The Expences of his Expedition f. 613. B. He asked Money of his Great Men but was denied f. 614. A. His journey into Scotland to remedy his Daughters Complaints Ibid. E. His Brother Richard and the Great Men refused to lend him Money f. 615. E. F. His Demands for his Expedition into Sicily f. 617. B. C. D. Hard Conditions put upon him by the Pope f. 618. E. F. His kindness to his Brothers and various ways to raise Money f. 620. E. F. The great Interest of his Debts f. 621. A. He demanded his Rights in Normandy and France f. 622. C. He appeased the Pope with a Present of 5000 Marks f. 623. lin 3. He is upbraided by Montfort f. 624. B. He put himself under the Popes power Ibid. D. What he granted the Barons in the Parlement at Oxford f. Ibid. E. F. Why he lâ—ft out the Titles of Duke of Normandy and Anjou f. 635. C. He employed the Treasure in the Tower to repair it f. 636. D. False Stories reportâ—d of him Ibid. E. The Pope absolved him from his Oath to the Barons Ibid. F. He is reconciled to his Great Men and confirmed the Oxford Ordinances f. 638. A. B. He displaced such Officers as were appointed by the Barons Ibid. D. The reasons why he stood not to his Oath Ibid. E. The Articles of the Peace between him and his Great Men f. 640. A. His Success against several places and refusal of the Barons Offer Ibid. E. F. f. 641. D. He and his Brother Richard taken prisoners Ibid. He appointed Conservators of the Peace f. 642. D. None to bear Arms without his Licenceâ— f. 643. A. He was forced to agree to a new Form of Government f. 644. He stood obliged to confirm whatever Peter
Common Pleas by whom appointed Ibid. Justices Itinerant by whom sent f. 446. A. William Kele a Mediator between Henry the Third and his Barons f. 566. A. Kenelworth Castle stood out against Henry the Third f. 655. C. Their barbarous usage of the Kings Messenger f. 656. D. The Kings Clemency to the Defendants after it was taken f. 657. D. Dictum de Kenelworth where and upon what account made f. 658. A. c. Kent given to Hengist the Saxon by Vortigern f. 94. D. Kentish-men of their own accord submit to the Conqueror f. 189. E. They attempted Dover Castle but were beaten f. 192. A. Knight-hood when first instituted f. 56. A. All that had 10 l. per Annum forced to receive the Order f. 620. lin 4. Knights-Fees why called Scuta f 211. F. Twelve chosen in every County to inquire evil Customs and Practices f. 499. C. All that refused to obey them to be imprisoned Ibid. D. E. Four sent by the Barons to the Pope f. 632. B. Four chosen in every County to inquire into grievances fol. 633. A. They had their expences allowed Ibid. B. Three in every County summoned by the Barons to meet at St. Albans f. 637. F. Four summoned in every County to meet the King at London f. 642. F. L. HUgh de Lacy made Governor of Dublin by Henry the Second fol. 360. F. 370. C. He was revoked and soon after restored f. 371. D.F. He was discharged f. 372. A. His Prudent Management and Government of the Irish fol. 371. C. His Death f. 374. A. Lands how transferred before the Norman Conquest f. 204. lin 1. When first by Writings and Sealing Ibid. A. Lanfranc Arch-bishop of Canturbury his Controversie with Odo Earl of Kent for Land belonging to Canturbury f. 140. A. B. He pleaded his own Case and recovered his Lands Ibid. D. He presided in many Councils f. 215. A. The Controversie between him and York about Primacy determined on his side f. 214. A. Stephen Langton chosen Arch-bishop of Canturbury f. 476. B. He and other Bishops supplicate the Pope against King John f. 483. B. He pronounced the Sentence of Deposition against him and encouraged Philip King of France to execute it f. 484. A. B. He hindred King John from reducing his Barons f. 488. A. He confederated with them against the King Ibid. C. D. E. He is offended at the Popes Legate f. 490. F. He was the Head of the Barons Conspiracy f. 495. D. He was suspended for Disobedience to the Pope f. 503. F. He is absolved f. 507. C. He and the Great Men demanded a Confirmation of their Liberties of Henry the Third f. 531. D. He Excommunicated Falcasius and his followers f. 534. D. His Decree against Priests Concubines f. 536. F. His Death f. 541. B. Simon Langton his insolent reply to King John f. 478. E. He was chosen Arch-bishop of York but refused by the Pope f. 504. C. He was made Chancellor to Prince Lewis f. 510. D. He was excommunicated by Walo the Popes Legat Ibid. E. Roger de Lasci his Courage and Fidelity f. 472. F. 473. F. 2d Lateran Council held under Pope Innocent the Second f. 294. A. Canons and Constitutions made there brought hither Ibid. B. C. D. Amoric de Sancto Laurentio His Adventures and Courage in Irish Engagements f. 367. A. B. C. 368. B. Laws Salic Lombard Burgundian Wisigoths and Saxons when first written f. 60. D. Gâ—rman how made f. 84. C. D. English Saxon how made f. 85. A. Danish and Mercian why so called Ibid. C. Different among Germans and Saxons Ibid. B. D. No Nation governed by the same f. 155 C. The chief of ours were Norman Ibid. E. and f. 161. A. B c. The Practice alike in both places f. 179. D. c. Of England not carried into Normandy by the Confessor fol. 180. B. C c. Canon Law when first brought into and used in England f. 296 E. Laws against Robbers of Warrens and Parks f. 594. C. Lawrentius succeeds Augustin in the Arch-bishopric of Canturbury fol. 104. A. Popes Legats none here before the Conquest f. 88. A. Not received in England before Henry the First f. 256. E. None to be sent hither but upon the Kings request f. 268. A. An Oath put upon one by Henry the Second f. 333. D. Legion how many men it consisted of f. 2. F. Pope Leo the Ninth his Letter to Edward the Confessor suspected fol. 91. C. D. Leofric Earl of Mercia opposed Earl Goodwin f. 132. D. Lewellin Prince of North Wales besieged Buet Castle without success f. 530. A. He bound himself by his Charter to satisfie for damages done to King Henry the Third f. 532. D. He made Incursions into England f. 546. D. He and his followers Excommunicated Ibid. A Truce between him and Henry the Third f. 560. F. It was violated but again renewed f. 563. F. The conditions of it f. 564. A. B. He put himself under the protection of Henry the Third fol. 567. A. Lewes a Battle fought there between Henry the Third and the Barons f. 641. D. E. Lewis King of France invaded Normandy f. 248. D. He was overthrown by Henry the First Ibid. F. His complaint of King Hen. in the Council at Rhemes f. 250. D. He was divorced from his Queen f. 291. D. His hatred to Henry the Second f. 311. E. His kindness to the Rebellious Sons of Henry 2d f. 313. C. D. He was routed by King Henry and hindred a peace between him and his Sons f. 214. D. E. 215. F. Articles of Agreement between King Hen. and him f. 332. A c. He came into England to visit St. Thomas his Tomb f. 335. A. His kind reception by King Henry and beneficence to the Monks Ibid. His Son Philip Crowned and proves undutiful to him Ibid. D. E. His death f. 33â— D. Prince Lewis Son to Philip King of France chosen King of England by the English â—arons f. 5â—7 A. He encouraged the Barons to persist in their Rebellion f. 5â—â— A. His Reasons against King John and the Pope Ibid. E. F. His Claim to England f. 5â—9 l. â— He lanâ—ed in the Isle of Thanet Ibid. D. E. He was joyfully received by the Londoners and Barons f. 51â— A. He was excommunicated by Walo the Pâ—pes â—egat Ibid. E. His Envoys Objections and Replies to King John'â— Commissioners f. 512 513 He ravaged over Essex Norfolk and Suffolk Ibid. C. D. Alexander King of Scots did him Homage and aâ—iâ—ed him Ibid. â— 514. D. His designs against the English Barons discovered Ibid. E. F. His success against mâ—ny places in England f. 522. C.D.E.F. He passed over Sea and lost his interest with the Barons f 524. C. His Army routed at Lincoln f. 526. B. The Succors sent him by his Wife beaten and taken Ibid. E. F. The form of Peace between him and Henry 3d. f. 527. B C D. He borrowed Money of the Londoners and left England Ibid. E. His Answer
to King Henry's demands of Normandy f. 532. F. He gained Rochell by his Money f. 534. l. 1. His death and Corâ—nation of his Sâ—n Lewis f. 539. C. His designs to Invade Britany defeated f. 546. E. F. His preparation against Henry the 3d. f. 584. l. 1. His concern for his Fathers Oath to King Henry f. 584 C. His repeated Successes against the Earl of March's and King Henry's Forces f. 585.586 The Pestilence in his Army forced him to a â—ruce with King Henry f. 586. â— His offer to his Subjects that had Estates in England and France f. 589. D. His design upon Gascolgny f. 597. â— He was taken Prisoner by the Saracens f. 604. D. He Nulled the Oxford Provisions f. 659. A. What he thought of the Barons proceedings f. 648. B. His kind Invitation and bountiful Offer to Prince Edward f. 665. A. His Death at Tunis Ibid. F. Robert Earl of Leycester came into England with an Army of Flemmings f. 315. F. He was defeated and taken Prisoner by Humfry de Bohun f. 316 A. B. He is restored to his Liberty and Estate f. 420. C. He died in his journey to the Holy-â—and f. 428. E. John de Lexinton prohibited the Clergy from paying any Contributions to the Pope f. 596. F. Limeric in Ireland taken by Reymund f. 363. D. Relieved by Meiler f. 364. B. D. Fired by the Inhabitants f. 370. F. The Honor granted to William de Braiosa by King John fol. f. 518. A. B. His destruction contrived by the Kings Counsellors Ibid. D. E. He passed over into Ireland and was there betrayed and slain f. 560. A. B. The King much lamented his death Ibid. C. Gilbert his Brother restored to his Estate and Honors Ibid. E. He was refused entrance into the Kings Pallace and received a severe Reprimand from the King f. 571. F. He was reconciled to the King f. 576. F. He was unfortunately killed by a fall from his Horse f. 577. E. Walter his Brother was at first denied but soon after restored to the Mareschalcy f. 581. A. Market where antiently kept f. 209. E. Geofry Marsh his Treachery to Richard Earl Mareschal f. 560. A. B. Geofry Martell Earl of Anjou opposed Duke William but without success f. 187. A. Martin sent Legat into England f. 589. A. His Exorbitant Power and practice Ibid. B. C. His Demands of the Clergy f. 591. D. He was roughly treated by Fulk Fitz-Warine f. 593. B. He left England Ibid. D. Maud the Conquerors Wife Crowned by Arch-Bishop Aldred f. 193. C. Maud the Empress Daughter to Henry the First returned into England f. 253. F. The Great Men Sware to make her Queen after her Fathers decease f. 254. A. D. She was married to Geofry the Earl of Anjou's Son Ibid. B. She was Named by her Father to the Succession f. 255. C. She landed in England f. 278. F. Several Towns and Castles do Homage to her f. 279. C. The War between her and King Stephen carried on with continual Rapine and Barbarities f. 280. A. c. King Stephen was averse to Peace with her f. 282. B. C. He was presented Prisoner to her f. 283. B. Her Oath to the Bishop of Winchester the Legat Ibid. C. She is owned Queen by him and the Great Men Ibid. D. E. She gave Orders and Directions for the Government f. 285. C. She refused the Londoners Petition for King Stephen Ibid. D. They Conspired against her and the Legat deserted her Ibid. E. F. Milo of Glocester his faithfulness and kindness to her fol. 286. A. B. Her ruine contrived by the Legat f. 287. B. All her Friends were Excommunicated by him Ibid. D. She sent for her Husband the Duke of Anjou f. 288. A. She was besieged in Oxford but made her Escape f. 289. C.D.E. She passed into Normandy to her Husband f. 290. D. Her death and Charity to the Religious and Poor fol. 303. lin 3.306 B. Maximus excited the Soldiers to Sedition and is saluted Emperor fol. 37. C. His success against Gratian Ibid. D. He was Conquered and slain by Theodosius f. 38. l. 1. Abbat of Medeshamstede not Legat in England in King Ecgfrids Reign f. 89 90. Meiler Eminent for his Courage and Conduct in Irish Engagements f. 359. A. 363. C. Melitus Ordained a Bishop by Augustin f. 103. E. Vicount Melun discovered to the English Barons how Prince Lewis designed to treat them f. 514. E. F. Great Men vid. Barons Mercians Converted by Finian f. 106. lin 1. Merleberge vid. Statutes Merton vid. Statutes Messina taken by the English f. 428. B. Military Service required by the Saxon Laws f. 68. A. By Edward the Confessors Laws f. 69. C. Proved by several Instances in Domesday f. 70. B. The Service called Free service f. 71. A. How much the Member of one Fee was f. 166. A. Milites called Liberi homines f. 70. F. They only served upon Juries Ibid. Milo of Glocester a constant Frind to Maud the Empress f. 286. A. Monks their quarrel with the Seoulars f. 122. C. D. Almerio de Montesorti took Arms against Henry the First f. 247. C. He perswaded Lewis King of France to make War with him f. 249. B. He is reconciled to King Henry f. 251. A. Simon Montfort a great Favorite of King Henry 3. f 568. B. He maried Alienor the Kings Sister f 569. A. He first corrupted her f. 573 A. His Marriage stomâ—shed by the Nobility f. 569. B. He went to Rome and got his Marriage confirmed fol. 570. A. B. He was kindly received by the King and Court Ibid. He was made Earl of Leycester f. 572. A. He and his Wife retire from Court f. 573. A. He is again kindly received f. 574. F. His Courage in a Battle with the French f. 585. C. He subdued the Rebellious Gascoigns f. 602. F. A supply granted him for Gascoigny f. 604. F. His success against the Gascoigns and return f. 606. A. The Gascoigns Complaint against him Ibid. E. He pleaded his Innocency and Merits and is sent thither again Ibid. F. He treated them very rigorously f. 607. lin 1. The Gascoigns repeat their Complaints against him and desire a Tryal Ibid. A. B. C. Earl Richard stood his Friend Ibid. D. He Impudently gave the King the Lye Ibid. E. He was supported by the Great Men Ibid. F. He returned into Gascoigny f. 608. A. The Great Men take his part and accuse the Gascoigns f. 609. D. He resigned his Patent of the Custody of Gascoigny f. 610. A. He sawcily upbraided the King f. 624. B. He and the Barons Arm themselves to make good the Oxford Provisions f. 639. D. He made Prince Edward Prisoner but released him on Conditions f. 640. B. C. He Took the King and his Brother Richard Prisoners fol. 641. D. He referred himself to the King of France to make Peace Ibid. F. His Son made Constable of Dover Castle f. 642. C. He inflamâ—d the People against the King by false reports fol. 645. F.