to stir you up to an hearty acknowledgment of God's present Mercies to us and I promise my self some success in this undertaking and that the consideration of the following Particulars will make the same impression on every body concerned as it hath done on me First therefore Let us consider our Deliverance And Secondly The Returns we are obliged to make for it In our Deverance we ought to reflect I. On the depth of the Contrivance and Design against us from which God has graciously been pleased at this time to deliver us II. On the great extent of it All Princes in Europe especially such as profess the Reformed Religion being struck at by it III. On the miraculous Concurrence of Providences for our deliverance in breaking this Design so deeply laid and vigorously prosecuted You all have suffered so much by this Design and the memory of your Dangers and Deliverance from it is so fresh before you that I need not trouble you with the particulars of it 'T was in short to destroy you and your Religion and enslave all Europe under the Tyranny of the French King I. The depth of this Design appears 1st From the length of time wherein it has been formed and carrying on Some and not without reason date it from the very beginning of the Reformation some from the Restauration of the Royal Family and some from the Pyrenean Peace but as it immediately concerns these Kingdoms we can trace it by many Foot-steps from the Year 1670. since which time not only we but all Europe have groaned under the fatal effects of it As to this Kingdom of Ireland we find a Scheme of it laid down at large in a Paper formerly found in the Earl of Tyrconnell's House then Collonel Talbot dated July 1671. supposed to be drawn up by his Brother Peter Talbot then Titular Archbishop of Dublin and accidently dropt about that time several Copies of which have for many years been in Protestants hands In this Paper are proposed The modelling the Army The admitting Papists into Corporations The bringing them to serve in Civil and Military Imployments and the raising a vast Army of them to be transported into England on occasion One Particular in this Paper is remarkable 'T is in these words The Toleration of the Roman Catholick Religion in England being granted and the Insolency of the Hollanders taken down a Confederacy with France which can influence Enggland as Scotland can also will together by God's blessing make his Majesty's Monarchy Absolute and Real Where we see that the Design was to make the King Absolute and the means proposed Toleration of Popery a War with Holland and a League with France all which were at that time put in practice and have been prosecuted vigorously to this Day But 2dly We shall better understand the depth of this Design against us if we reflect on the Power Policy and Number of the Persons engaged The Power and Money of France the Cunning and Craft of the Jesuits the numerous and bigotted Roman Clergy the Wealth and Arms of England were all to be employed to our Ruine the Indigent and desperate Papists of Ireland were to be armed and let loose upon us The Common Enemy of Christians the Turks and Ravaging Tartars were called into Christendom to promote this Design and their destructive methods of managing Wars by universal Slaughters havock and burnings brought into practice by the more Unchristian French and to Crown their Design for the general Slavery and Desolation of Europe Protestants were cajoled bribed or compelled to fight against persecute and devour one another All which might be proved by undeniable Instances if this Sermon were designed for a History But 3dly We may have a further Idea of the depth of this Contrivance from which God has hitherto delivered us if we consider the Methods used for effecting it Had it been hatched in Hell it could not have been more a mystery of Iniquity than it was more Black and Villanous means could not have been applied to bring it to perfection For 1st We find Wicked and Treacherous Leagues and Conspiracies entred into in order to carry it on One of which is more especially notorious and remarkable for its folly and falshood A League so contrary to all sense as well as faith that the great Princes concerned in it are yet ashamed to own it a League so mischievous to Europe in general and so destructive to England in particular that it has brought them to the very brink of destruction and it is only God's miraculous Providence that could or yet can preserve them A League that broke the Ballance of Europe so carefully preserved by our wise Forefathers and by that means has advanced one by depressing and sinking all the rest This is that fatal Confederacy with France proposed in the forementioned Paper These are the Engagements of Friendship and Alliance which Monsieur D' Avaux the French Ambassador tells the States of Holland in his Memorial of September 9. 1688 the King his Master had with the King of Great Britain This is the Secret Treaty Abbot Primi tells us his Britannick Majesty signed in the Year 1670. whereby he should have secured to him an absolute Authority over his Parliament and the re-establishment of the Roman Catholik Religion in his three Kingdoms This is the Alliance with France which Maloony the Popish Bishop of Killaloo in a Letter of his to Bishop Tyrest of March 8th 1689. the Original whereof was found amongst the Bishop's Papers and is ready to be produced is so very angry that some Trimmers as he calleth them obliged King James to disown and this is the very source and fountain of all the present Calamities of Europe but more particularly of ours A second method of carrying on of this Conspiracy to Ruin us was by corrupting Ministers by granting large Pensions and multiplying Bribes I wish this means of promoting this wicked design had stopped at Ministers and that the honour of Princes had set them above the suspicion of taking Bribes for we are willing to think that it should be below the Majesty of a Crowned head to turn Pensioner or to sell his Crown or People for Louis d' Ors. A third means for carrying on this Contrivance against us was Murthering and Poysoning an Art too much practised of late in some Courts and 't is observable that wherever the Life of a Protestant stands between a Papist and an Inheritance it is of no long continuance nor doth any Prince begin to appear vigorous or terrible to France but he is in danger to be taken off in the prime of his age and that not without suspicion of foul play witness Prince Lewis of Brandenburgh and the Duke of Lorrain There is much Gold in France and there are every where wicked men ready to be bribed to do any thing and 't is not supposed of some that they scruple much to make the experiment what it is able to do
pretended Parliament our Houses were filled with Soldiers and Dragoons our Churches possessed by Romish Priests our Persons shut up in Prisons and our Religious Assemblies interdicted Our Friends and Relations our Nobility Gentry and Clergy driven for the most part out of the Kingdom attainted for Life and Estates and an Army ready to be transported into England if God had not put a stop to their Designs and confounded their Devices 'T is by his Mercy we are Redeemed from the Lands from the North and from the South and therefore let us give Thanks unto him and Praise him You see then the Extent of this Design that it took in all the Princes and States of Europe that it struck at our Estates our Liberty our Lives and above all at our Religion that it was carried on by many and powerful hands and by the most secret and efficacious methods And who else cou'd defeat such a contrivance or put a stop to it but the same God that bounds the Sea with a heap of dust and says to the Waves thereof hither shall you come and no further III. Which is a proper Introduction to my third Head the miraculous Concurrence of Providences for our Deliverance in breaking this Design so deeply laid and vigorously prosecuted These were so many and so remarkable that I doubt whether ever any Revolution was accompanied with a chain of such strange and unaccountable Accidents I shall mention only a few that every body must have observed and leave you to judge whether the Finger of God must not be acknowledged in them First therefore It was strangely unaccountable that the Pope who seemed to have a great stake and interest in this Design and as one wou'd imagine was most deeply concerned in the success of it should upon a trifle break with the French King and not only desert his Party but most cordially espouse the opposite side and that the King of France who never before stuck at any thing when interest was in the case upon the World 's counting it base or wicked shou'd refuse his Ghostly Father common Justice in Matters of so little moment as the Regale and Franchises It is plain that the Pope has right on his side in both these and that the French King was not much concerned either in profit or honour to defend them The Regale being a new Usurpation and the Franchises an ancient Nusance yet so obstinate have both sides proved in the contest that we hope 't is become irreconcilable Now if this had not happened the Counter-League of the Princes of Europe to the French Conspiracy cou'd hardly have been entred into or continued 't is this takes off the odium from the Emperour and King of Spain of assisting his present Majesty to redeem England and deprives the French King of the advantages he proposed to himself by declaring this a War of Religion It being rediculous to pretend a Holy War against the Father and Head of his Church This aversion of the Pope to the French designs is an obstacle in the way that neither Lewis nor James can yet get over tho the one begs hard and the other offers fair to remove it Having profered the Pope all that he desired at first and to oblige the French Clergy to own his Infallibility into the bargain Thus God shews that the hearts of Kings are in his hands that he can make them stoop and do mean things when it will do them no good and obstinate when yielding would be serviceable to them It cannot but be esteemed a further Providence that two Popes should succeed one another of the same humour which is not common and should persevere in the same enmity to France But 2dly It must be owned as a signal piece of Providence in God to have raised up a Man endued with the Courage Closeness and Activity of his present Majesty Who durst attempt so strange and inhumane probability such an impracticable thing as our Deliverance 'T is a rare thing in the World that one Man should have the dexterity to engage and the wisdom to manage so many different Interests into a Confederacy and argues a particular Providence 3dly It was another piece of Divine ordering that his Majesty should be so particularly interessed and engaged to undertake this Work before it was too late and our destruction unavoidable If we had gone on a few years in the course in which we were in all probability our condition would have become altogether desperate But the eagerness of the Conspirators to cut off their present Majesties from all hopes of Succession to the Crown made them introduce a Prince of Wales two or three years sooner than they were ready for him they knew very well when he appeared the persons concerned would be provoked to the height and that then if ever their present Majesties must appear for their Right and the Kingdoms for their Deliverance against which they were not as yet prepared for they had not yet sufficiently trained the Irish nor filled the Army in England with Papists for want of which they were not able to make any resistance against the Prince of Orange Having awakened him before they were prepared for him and necessiated him to make his descent into England whil'st the Arms were still for the most part in the Protestants hands and the Papists in no capacity to awe them 4thly The very pretended Birth of the Prince of Wales was so ill managed that it was not so much as a well contrived Cheat. The very Papists complained of it and that publickly in Print There was published here amongst many others under the late Government a Virulent Paper against his present Majesty Entituled England's Crisis or the World well amended To give it the greater credit the Author pretends to be a Protestant and the evidence of truth forced from him this following passage One reason of his the Prince of Orange's Expedition had at least a shew of Justice in the Quarrel I mean the business of the Prince of Wales which I cannot but confess some People managed as if they designed either that we should not believe at all or if we did our belief should be as implicit as to Successions and Inheritances here as that of the Romanist is in his expectation of Inheriting the Kingdom of Heaven hereafter This it is true they imputed to the Treachery of Councellors and Managers But when their Zealots writ and King James permitted such Accounts of that Matter to be published 't is a sign the business needed an Apology and that by God's just Judgment on them their usual dexterity failed them in it 5thly It was a peculiar Providence in this Affair that King James did not adhere determinately to any Councels or Councellors but did things irresolutely and by halves I find Papists in their Letters to him complaining of this and cautioning him against it one intreats him for God's sake not to listen to trimming Councellors whose aversion
of Protestant or Papist Enemy or Ally All were equally devoted to destruction in it The Duke of Lorrain was actually turned out of his Dukedom The Prince of Orange his present Majesty was deprived of his Principality of Orange The Empire was partly to be given up to the Turk and the remaining Princes were to apply themselves to France for Protection and to chuse his Son King of the Romans The Dukedom of Savoy was to be brought in under the notion of Pupillage The Princes of Italy were frightned bought or wheedled out of their strong Holds and the Keys of their Country such were Caâ—al and Guastalla put into French hands Sicily was perswaded to Rebel and sollicited to serve the Spaniard as they had done the French before in the famous Vespers Genoa was to be Bombed England bought and Holland drowned Spain had a Barren Queen designedly made so as many believe put upon him that his Crown might fall to France by Succession The Northern Kingdoms whose cold and distance secured them from immediate attempts were yet taken off from assisting their Neighbours and bought into something worse than a neutrality The great Contrivers and Managers of these were the French King the great Turk and I need not name the third in the Triumvirate 'T is too much that we groan yet under the mischievous effects of their Conspiracy which has been no less pernicious to all Europe than that of Antony Lepidus and Augustus was to the Roman Common-Wealth There is no doubt but all these have been designed attempted and almost brought to perfection within these 20 years by strength of this Confederacy and there is not one Prince or State in all Europe that has not been concerned in the fatal effects thereof But 3dly This design was levelled more immediately at the destruction of the Protestants of Europe The Extirpation of the Pestilent Northern Heresie has been long known to be the Principal Article in it and was probably the pretence and bait that induced his late Majesty to espouse it He was not fonder of being obeyed without reserve than of propagating his Religion and perhaps he chiefly desired an absolute Authority over his Subjects that he might compel them to come into the Bosom of his Church What business had he with a standing Army or numerous Troops of Dragoons but to employ them as Missionaries to convert his Heretical Subjects The example of France had taught him their use and that Dragooning was a much more effectual way to Reconcile men than Sermons or Arguments In short by this Conspiracy the Protestants of France are already destroyed those of Savoy turned out of their Country those of Holland have been invaded and forced to cover themselves with their Waters And as for us in Ireland I need not tell you how we have been used The least hint is sufficient to refresh your memories and the danger we have escaped is yet so near that it supersedes all necessity of a description It has been said of some that when they have been shewed the next morning the danger they escaped in the night they have died with apprehension I am sure no Precipice can have a more dreadful prospect to those that have escaped it than our danger ought to have and will have to all that duly consider and look back on it But God has Redeemed and Saved us out of our Enemies hands He has brought us back into our own Land and we are now before him this Day to Magnifie him for our Deliverance Let us therefore joyn in that which is the burthen of this Psalm O that men would Praise the Lord for his goodness and Declare the wonders he doth for the Children of men But 4thly This Conspiracy had a peculiar respect to the Free States of Europe 'T was about the time of the entring into this League that famous saying was applied to Holland Delenda est Carthago It was pretended to be of ill consequence to Princes and Crowned Heads to let a Common-Wealth be their Neighbour lest the fight and example of Liberty might influence their People they combined therefore to destroy them that the slaves of France might not understand that there was a milder Government in the World than the Tyranny of their Master If his present Majesty cou'd have been prevailed on to come into the Confederacy he needed not have ventured his Life to rescue England and merited a Crown by such hazardous undertakings He might have been a King out of hand in his own Country and secured of his Succession to the English Throne but he scorned Crowns of Lewis's giving much more one that he cou'd not take without injuring his Country the Liberty of which is due to his Ancestors and the Preservation of it to Himself But when they cou'd not corrupt they resolved to destroy him and that more particularly because they look'd on him as the Patron and Defender of the Liberty of Europe to which they on all occasions declared their enmity 'T is not imaginable with what Passion and Zeal their whole Party here used to enlarge on the Praises of an Absolute Government how impatient they were to hear any one name to them the Laws the Liberty of the Subjects or a Common-Wealth No the King's Will was the only Law they cou'd endure to hear of and they mightily admired and praised the submissive temper of the Mahometans that counted themselves happy to be under a Power which when it pleased might present them with a Bow-string They did not mince the matter but openly professed that they designed to free the King from the chains of the Laws and the Pupilage of Parliaments or as the Irish Proposals I mentioned before word it make his Monarchy absolute and real The very terms of the League according to Abbot Primi were to secure to the King an Absolute Authority over his Parliament and the Re-establishment of the Roman Catholick Religion in the three Kingdoms of England Scotland and Ireland But 5thly This Confederacy or rather Conspiracy had a peculiar relation to Ireland The great Body and Magazine of Men whose hands were to perform this Work in these Kingdoms were to be raised out of Ireland The Irish Proposals I have so often mentioned promise 150000 part of them were to be the King 's immediate Guards part of them the standing Army of England and all of them the Instruments of our slavery In order to make them considerable and to hire them to do their work cheerfully Ireland was to be seperated from the Crown of England and made independant on it The English interest in it was to be destroyed and the Protestants under the notion of Whigs Fanaticks Cromwelians rooted out of it How near these things were to taking effect you all can witness they were not only designed and attempted but actually for the most part executed upon us our Estates were taken away and this Kingdom cut off from England by Acts past in their late
to his Religion and cunning design of spinning out his Life with their Pian Piano put them upon urging to him that great alterations are dangerous when carried otherwise than by slow and inperceptible degrees The same tells him that nothing causes irresolution more than a medley of Councellors of a different Religion from their Prince yet King James could never free himself from this Medley And that is the reason that his Actions were never of a piece and that he commonly spoiled his business by doing too much and yet too little thus he ought either not to have brought any Irish or French into his Army or made the whole intirely Papists He ought either to have accepted the French King's Assistance and Fleet without reserve or else broken with him altogether and declared against him But by hanging between both he lost the affections of his own Subjects which might have supported him and the benefit of Foreign Assistance his doing and undoing things had the same effect in which and many other particulars his not sticking intirely to one sort of Councellors was to us a great Providence I must reckon it as a sixth That the States of Holland should without scruple trust their All into His Majesty's Hand and be content to run his fortune which they plainly did in his Expedition We all know that the Vnited Netherlands are a free People most Jealous of their Liberty and who have done and suffered more to maintain it than perhaps any Nation in the World And as they are jealous of their Liberty so they are close and wary and not apt to venture too much at one slake Now that such a People should commit the absolute disposal of their Navy their Armies and their Money the very Sinews of their State to one Man and venture all in the same Bottom with him was an unbounded Trust and Kindness as his Majesty himself is said to have expressed it to them They trusted not only him but the Winds and Seas for his sake And tho' they had such intire confidence in his Conduct and Faith as not to ask him what he designed yet the hazard of a Winter-Voyage where the whole of their State was at once exposed to the Mercy of a Tempest was sufficient to have stumbled them had not the same God that inclined the hearts of Israel as of one man towards David knit their hearts to him and made them tender of his Life and Person where they without hesitation ventured their State 7thly It must be owned as an effect of the same Providence that King James's Court and Ministers were so blinded that they could not see into his present Majesty's designs And so secure that they would not give credit to the many Advices given them of these Preparations of which we can give no other account than that of Job Chap. 5. 13. He taketh the wise in their own craftiness and the councel of the froward is carried headlong they meet with darkness in the day and grope in the noonday as in the night 8thly I shall only mention King James's deserting his Army in England on which if he had absolutely cast himself and depended on their Fidelity it is certain by what has happened since that a great part of them would have stood by him There were enough to make a vigorous Opposition who were willing to run his Fortune if God had not enfeebled their Courage and put fear in their Hearts It was this opened the way to one of the greatest Revolutions that ever happened in that Kingdom almost without a drop of blood which must be owned as a singular Providence 9thly It was an over-reaching act of Providence to make that the Key to open a way for our settlement which was projected by our Enemies as the certain means to embroil us for ever I suppose no body doubts but those who advised King James to desert the Kingdom believed that we could never come to a settlement without him and yet the event proved directly contrary to their expectation for his presence in all probability had been such a rub to our settlement that it had not been easie to get over it It was indeed strange we should come to a Resolution so soon especially where the weight of the matter was so great and the opinions of men so divided that in the near equality of voices the wisest could not foresee how it would end till Heaven it self determined it For what else could have brought such different Interests and Judgments to acquiesce in the conclusion Neither in the 10th place must we imagine that the strange and absurd division of Protestants in England into Jacobites and Williamites happened without a Providence Whatever sence some may have of it in other respects we of this Kingdom must own it as a great and signal Mercy King James and his adherents here reckoned upon a strong and numerous Party in England and were affraid if they had utterly destroyed us that they should have lost them and therefore in many cases were obliged to bear an easier hand towards us than otherwise they would have done And whatever Favour or Forbearance we received from them was intirely due to this consideration This was the use God made of this Faction and now it has served his purpose I hope he will extinguish it 11thly God in his Providence so ordered it that King James found an unexpected diversion in Ireland that employed all his Forces till things were setled in England and till his present Majesty had leisure to break the Enemies power in Scotland and prepare for the Conquest of Ireland Had King James on his Landing in Ireland found no opposition in it but been intirely at Liberty to joyn his Forces with that Party that appeared for him in our neighbouring Kingdom every one is sensible how fatal the event might have proved not only to England but also to the Liberty of all Europe But it pleased God to find him work here by an unexpected Opposition which not only imployed but ruined his best men and lost him such an Opportunity as never could again be expected If we consider the Places and Persons that made this Opposition it is a Miracle that they should undertake much more that they should succeed in it and it looks as if God Almighty in his Providence had raised them up for that juncture and inspired them with Resolution in an extraordinary manner to shew his power in their weakness and his care of us in the seasonableness of their undertaking Our Enemies were very sensible of the unluckiness of this accident as they called it and curst Derry and Eniskillin as the occasion of the ruin of their affairs 12thly It was certainly a great Providence to us that his Majesty in person should undertake the Reduction of Ireland At a time and in such circumstances that King James and his Party judged it impossible and promised themselves that they had made him such work at
home that he should rather fear an Invasion from Ireland than think of an Expedition into it But the Providence of God by his single Courage and Resolution broke all their measures and put them out of those methods which they imagined so well concerted that it must be impossible to defeat them 13thly Can it be ascribed to any thing else than a singular Providence that they should mistake themselves and disregard the advices or rather as they themselves used to call them their Orders from France so as to put themselves to the hazard of a Battel when delay was so much their interest whatever it cost them and so easie to them had they not been infatuated 14thly It was no less an over-ruling Providence that an Army so well Trained Disciplined and Armed and so advantagiously posted should make so little opposition The advantage of their Post by all intelligent men was reckoned above three to one and it had been impossible to beat them from it had not the God of Battels enfeebled their hearts and animated his Majesty to an Attempt that seems next in strangeness to that of Jonathan's on the Philistines and which perhaps only his Majesty of all men living would have attempted 15thly Add to this the strange panick fear that seized the vanquished Tho' their Troops were for the most part untouched and a very few fallen yet such a dread and terror possessed them as did formerly the Syrians at Samaria and they fled where no man pursued them King James did not stop till he get out of the Kingdom and his Army fled as far as the Sea would let them had they had Ships they would have gone all togother 16thly I must remark it further as a peculiar Providence that his Majesty's victory happened at such a critical time that the Peace of England nay perhaps the fate of Europe depended on it Had it but been delayed one week no body knows what would have been the consequence 17thly The saving of this City of Dublin from so often threatned and as both we and the generality of our Enemies believed resolved destruction is another piece of Divine goodness and withal so strange that we can give yet no account of it or so much as guess at what altered their resolution I need only mention this to most of my Hearers to fill their Hearts with Admiration and open their Mouths with Thanksgiving to God for the Miracles of his Mercies 18thly And yet there is still behind a greater Miracle and Mercy than this and which we can hardly think on without Terror and that was the miraculous preservation of His Majesty's Person in the Battel To whom we may apply what David affirms of himself there is but a step between me and death our danger came nearer even within a hair's breadth If there were no dangers and difficulties in life we should not be sensible of particular Providences But one such escape as this awakens the sence of Religion and of God's Power more in our hearts than many years of even and uninterrupted happiness We must acknowledge that all our Lives in him were at the Mercy of that one Bullet and 't was surely the God of Battels in his unspeakable Mercy and Providence preserved us If Thousands of us had died the Enemy would not have cared for us And notwithstanding they lost the Battel yet they would have counted it a Victory and their loss sufficiently ballenced by the single life of his present Majesty 'T is certain they would willingly have given their Army for it And this alone is sufficient to teach us how to value it and what thanks we owe to God for preserving it In short we had not neither have we yet in our utmost view another Chance to save us our Liberties Estates or Religion but this one of His Majesty's coming to the rescue of these Kingdoms and his undertaking it has been carried on by such a miraculous chain of Providences that we must acknowledge that it is by the Grace of God that William and Mary are now our King and Queen Perhaps they have more visible Reasons to put that in their Titles than any Princes in Christendom Let us therefore own the whole of our Deliverance to be a Work of God and ascribe it intirely to him without assuming any part of it to ourselves God in his Providence has so ordered the matter that we in this place have had no hand in it or pretence to it And as for others it plainly appears not to be so much a work of man or carried on by humane means as by the over-ruling Providence of God 'T was manifestly God rather than the People set our King and Queen on the Throne The People obstructed it as much as they could by their Divisions the Nobles opposed it the Mighty stood up to hinder it the Nations combined against it but God had them in derision and not only delivered Their Majesties from the striving of the People but also made them their Head 'T is He the most High that ruleth in the kingdom of men and giveth it to whomsoever he will 'T is He raised up King William to be a Deliverer to us And to summ up all 'T is he that delivered us from so great a death and doth deliver in whom we trust that he will yet deliver us And therefore to him be the sole glory of it And now that God has so signally appeared for us let us which was the Second general Head I proposed consider what returns we are obliged to make him First Let us remember that it was not for nothing that he delivered us He had certainly a peculiar design in saving us from the hands of our Enemies by so many and so remarkable Providences even that we might serve him without fear Let us therefore employ those Lives Liberties Estates and Churches to his Service that he has preserved for us and restored to us Let us avoid those Provocations that induced him to bring such heavy Judgments upon us and let us remember how easie it is for him to bring us to a condition much worse than that from whence he delivered us and assure our selves that if instead of serving him we serve his Enemies the Devil and our Lusts he will make his Providence as signal in our future punishment as it has been in our present deliverance It were easie to point out the Sins that provoked God and occasioned our late Sufferings and the same Causes will always have the same Effects 2dly Let us own God's goodness to us in our late Sufferings how in the midst of his Anger he remembred Mercy how he made our Sufferings easier to us than we expected and Relieved us sooner than we cou'd have reasonably imagined He continued us among the Living when we expected Death He gave us Hearts to bear up under our Pressures and made us Unanimous and Kind to one another He preserved us from Famine and Pestilence which