Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	army_n	edward_n	king_n	4,993	5	4.4213	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A33342	A new description of the world, or, A compendious treatise of the empires, kingdoms, states, provinces, countries, islands, cities, and towns of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America in their scituation, product, manufactures, and commodities, geographical and historical : with an account of the natures of the people in their habits, customes, warrs, religions, and policies &c. : as also of the rarities, wonders, and curiosities of fishes, beasts, birds, rivers, mountains, plants, &c., with several remarkable revolutions and delightful histories / faithfully collected from the best authors by S. Clark.	Clarke, Samuel, 1599-1682.	1689 (1689)	Wing C4554; ESTC R26606	137,166	242

Actions formerly much inclined to War and search of Adventures insomuch that they assisted with a great Fleet in the Holy War and taking of Jerusalem by the Christian Army and aided Phillip the French King with 10000 Men against Edward the Third of England where in one Battle they were most of them slain They Aided likewise the Spaniards in 1588 to Invade England with several great Carracts and Galleys which were either lost upon the Coast or cast away in their Flight homeward which loss they have never since fully recovered yet they lately made a stout Defence against the Naval Power of France which could effect no more than beating down some part of their City by Bombing it at a distance as being well assured they had no Fleet capable of Engaging The Country abounds in all the Plenties of Italy and here only the Women have the greatest Freedom without the Jelosie or Suspition of their Husbands of any Italians and as a further Honour to this place it gave Birth to Christopher Columbus the first Discoverer of the New World or Country of America The State of Lucca Described THe State of Lucca is held to be scituate within the Dukedom of Tuscany or Florence comprehending the Town and Terretory of Lucca As for Lucca it is seated in a fruitful Plain strongly fortified with a good Wall and incompassed with pleasant Trees so that at a distance it seems to stand in a Wood and the Plain wherein it is seated is invironed with Mountains or large Hills except towards Pistola where it opens to the Sea and is three miles in compass as for the Streets they are narrow and paved with broad Freestone and in it are many Palaces and Merchants Houses curious built of Free-stone according to other Building in Italy and was formerly a place of great Trade for Silks Stuffs Carpets Cloth of Gold and the like there being a great concourse of Merchants call'd Luccois Merchants that were wont to meet there at several Fairs or Marts held for that purpose but of late the Trade is declined however the Inhabitants inrich themselves by their Manufacture which they send to other places of greater Trade And here there is a strict Law that no Person shall wear any Weapon no not a Knife unless it be blunted the People being generally very courteous to Strangers And thus much for what may be properly call'd Italy which taken in general is one of the most fruitful and pleasant Countrys of the World of which Europe being call'd the Head this is accounted the Face But for brevity sake I must desist any further Comment and proceed to other parts adjoyning The Dukedom of Lorrain Described THIS Country is Invironed with a part of Belgium Alsatia the Country of Burgundy and Campaign and is about 180 Miles in compass exceeding Fruitful in Corn Wine store of Cattle but especially Horses of an Excellent Breed the Rivers and Lakes abounding with Fish and the Soil with rich Mines The chief Town is Nancy seated upon the River Meuse and in it the Ducal Pallace much resorted to for Wines Brandies and other Commodities the Buildings are very stately and commodious most of them of Stone and well fortified with a Wall of great Strength The next to this are St. Nicholas and Vancoleus very strong and well Garisoned by the French into whose hands the Country fell in the Reign of King Lewis the 13. though the present Duke of Lorain now warring in Hungary is on all hands concluded to be the rightful Prince As for the manners and Customs of the people they are a mixture of Germany and France as being seated between those Countries c. The Dukedom of Savoy and Country of Peimont Described c. AS for Savoy it is a very Mountainous Country bounded by the Dauphenet Bress Switzerland Peimont and the Alps the Antient Inhabitants were the Allobroges who submitted to Hanibal when he entered Italy with his Carthagenians to War against the Romans at what time Bruncius and his Brother being at variance about the Succession to the Kingdom he reconciled them afterward it was made a Roman Province and was called from one of the Kings that then Reigned being a Favorite to Augustus Caesar Alpes Coctiae but in the declining of the Roman Empire it became a part of the Kingdom of Burgundy and passed with other rights of the Empire to Germany but now is independent under a Duke who is soveraign Lord of the Country The Chief Towns of Savoy are Chambiers Scituate in a pleasant Valley amongst Mountains and is graced with a Ducal Pallace and many stately buildings of the Nobles who are for the most part very Gentile Active and Airy though the Country people on the contrary are very Imbicil and Slugish Tarantaise an Arch-Episcopal See Scituate amongst Mountains as the former full of pleasant buildings Aquabelle Mauridune another Arch-Episcopal See. Under the power and Jursdiction of the Savonian D●ke it is Peimont unless a small part of it claimed by the Duke of Mantoua seated at the Foot of the Mountains and bounded on the East with Milain on the West with Savoy on the North with Switzer-land and on the South with the Mediterranean being more fertile than the other containing 52 Earldoms and 15 Marquesats besides Barronies and Lordships and here dwell the progeny of the Albigenses who about the year 1100 stood for the Liberty and Doctrine of the Church of their Predecessors and about the year 1250 were near all destroyed and ruined by the Popes and French Kings when the remainder prefering their Concience before their Country retired up into the Mountains and by their Industry and Indefatigable Husbandry made the very Rocks bring forth Grass and Herbage for themselves and their Cattle c. and here they worshiped God according to the Worship of rhe reformed Churches greatly increasing in number as being followed with blessings untill the latter end of the Reign of Francis the first at what time happened the Massacre of Merinianum or Mariguan Gallis and Chabriers and in the year 1662 and 1663 they were again persecuted by the Savoiard and since that in the year 1684 we had a Mellancholy account of their treatment and although there are many good Towns under the Government of Savoy yet the Duke chiefly resides at the City Turin Scituate on the River Po and is the seat of an Arch-Bishop and a University where Erasmus took his degree and for Scituation is accounted one of the plesantest in Europe The Seignory of Geneva and the Alps Described GENEVA is within the Limits of the Dukedom of Savoy the whole Seignory not exceeding Eight Leagues in compass Scituate on the Lake Lemanus and devided into two parts by the River Rosne The City strongly walled and fortified as being the head of a Free state containing a flourishing University Governed by a Common Council or 200 of the chief Burghers four of which are called Sindiques As for the Church Government it is

alter his inclination for he altogether appeared Dogged and Melancholy and when he had a smattering of English he would often throw himself upon the Ground in a melancholy posture and passionately cry'd out Home go Saldania go Coore home go So that all hopes being lost of bringing him to any better manners than what he had naturally im●ibed they sent him back again by the next Ships and set him to his no small joy on Shore where they found him So that at any time when he saw Ships with English Colours he would come running to the Bay with Gut and Garbidg about his Neck to them doing them all the good Offices he could being more pleased with that Beastly manner of Living than any other MANICONGO is a very temperate Region free from extream Colds as being scituate under the Equator rendring by that means the Soil exceeding fruitful affording Fruits Plants Herbs store of Pasturage abundance of Bulls Cows Goats Hares Deer Elephants and Serpents so large that they will swallow a Man Fowl of sundry kinds they have in great plenty both wild and tame as being watered with the Rivers Coanza Bengo Barbela Ambrizi Dande Loza and Zare and has in it the Mountains of Siera Complida the Chrystalline Mountain where great store of Chrystal is found the Mountains of the Sun the Mountains of Sal Nitri affording great quantities of that kind of Minerals and the Mountains of Cabambe rich in Mines of Silver And this Province of Manicongo contains sundry lesser the King stiles himself King of Bomba Congo Sango Sundi Bangu Batti Pemba Abundi Matana Quisoma Angolu and Cacanga Lord of Congemes Amolaze Langelum Anzuichi Chucchi and Zoanghi though several of them are undiscovered to the Europeans the whole Coast being first discovered by the Portugals who o●ened a way on this side of Afric to the Wealth of India in Asia and although the King of Congo has no other Current Money but Cockle Shells yet his Revenues are great by Presents for none may come to him empty handed as also by his share of Gold and Silver digged out of the Mines and in this Tract are sundry Nations of Cannibals who greedily devour Mans Flesh rather than that of Beasts and of these there are the Igges or Giachi inhabiting the Mountains of the Sun the which though they have Wives 10 or 20 a piece yet have they no Children to be their Heirs for they unnaturally strangle them as soon as Born and Eat them as Dainties supplying the Decrease in number by such as they take Prisoners of either Sex stealing none under 16 or 20 years of Age which by force and custom they bring to be as bad as themselves against whom the Batti a neighbouring Province keeps 70000 Men in Arms to prevent the Stealing or Eating the rest Another sort there are of these Monsters in Zazichana who Eat not only their Enemies but their Friends and Kinsfolks and if at any time they can make to the value of a penny more of a Slave Dead than Alive they kill him and cut out his Body in Joynts selling it publickly in their Shambles as Beef and Mutton with us and when they have any that are Lean they fat them for the Slaughter And great pitty it is that so good and fruitful a Country as these Regions of Africk should be possessed with such impious Wretches wherefore lest a further Relation of such a barbarous People should prove ingrateful to the Reader we will put a period to the Discourse of this Country and of Africa till we come to the Islands and so proceed to the Description of America the fourth and last part of the World yet discovered Continent c. A GEOGRAPHICAL AND Historical Description OF AMERICA In its Kingdoms and Provinces c. AMERICA the fourth Division of the World so named by Americus Vespucius an adventurous Florentine who discovered a part of the Continent is bounded on the East with the Atlantick Ocean and the Virginian Seas called Mare del Noort on the West with the Pacifick Ocean called Mare Del Zur dividing it from Asia on the South with part of Terra Australis Incognita from which separated by a long narrow Streight called the Streight of Magellan but on the North reaches as some suppose to the Artick Pole the bounds are not known and although this Country has been but lately discovered by us yet it is conjectured to be as anciently Peopled as Europe it self and though some have guessed it was knownto the Antient Greeks Romans and Carthaginians yet they are but Conjectures only the Arguments or Probabilities they bring to confirm or strengthen them being much too weak to hold with a considering or Judicious Reader and therefore coming to more certainty we must be impartial and ascribe the Honour of the Discovery of this great Country called by many A New World to the Honour and Memory of Christopher Colon or Columbus a Genoese born at Neray in the Signiory of Genoa who being a man of considerable Abilities of mind could not upon considering the motion of the Sun perswade himself but that there must in reason be large Countries not found out to which it communicated its influence and being strongly possessed with these thoughts he imparted them to the State of Genoa in the year 1486 whereupon he sent his Brother Bartholomew to propose the Discovery to Henry the Seventh of England who unluckily by the way was taken Prisoner though some time after being set at liberty he performed his Trust and was received with much chearfulness insomuch that Columbus was sent for by the King happy for the Natives had they fell into such merciful hands but Providence otherways ordered it for Columbus ignorant of his Brothers being taken by the Pyrats not hearing any return or answer concluded his Proposals rejected and thereupon he made his Overtures to the Court of Castile where after many delays and six Years Attendance he was furnished with three Ships not for Conquest but Discovery when having Sailed sixty days on the Main Ocean he could descry no Land so that the disheartned Spaniards growing out of love with so tedious and as they concluded fruitless a Voyage began to Mutiny refusing to pass any further at what time as fortune would have it Columbus espied a bright Cloud arise growing still more light from which he gathered that they must ascend from the Fumes of the Earth and not the Ocean whereat taking Courage he prevailed with them to stand three days course and if in that time no Land was discovered he would engage to return when towards the end of the third day they espied Fire which they afterward found to be on the Coast of Florida where Landing his Men he caused a Tree to be cut down and making a Cross he erected it on the ●irm Land on the Eleventh of October 1492 taking thereby possession of this New World in the name of the Spanish King finding it

exceeding pleasant and promising and so by degrees proceeded further and after him divers others till they brought to light the Kingdoms and Countreys Intended here to be described The Countrey of America on the Continent is properly divided into two great Peninsula's whereof that toward the North is called Mexicana from Mexico the Chief City computed to be 3000 Miles in Circumference the South is called P●ruana the Sailing about which is reckoned 17000 Italian Miles and the Isthmus that joyns them together is very long but narrow in some places no● above 12 Miles from Sea to Sea and in many not above 17 called by the Spaniards the Streights of Darien from a River of that name near the Isthmus which Isthmus has been often proposed to be cut that by the joyning the two Seas the passage might be very much shortened to China and the Molucca's but never yet enterprized The Mexican Province is properly divided into the Continent and Islands The Continent containeth the Provinces of Estotiland Nova Francia Virginia Florida Califormia Nova Gallicia Nova Hispania and Guatimalia and these sub-divided into lesser Countries The Peruan Province or the Southern Peninsula taking in some part of the Isthmus hath on the Continent the Province of Castela Aurea Nova Granada Peru Chiele Parognay Brasil Guiana and Paria with their several Members and particular Regions of which in their order and then of the Islands of the Universe Estotiland and its Regions described UNder the name of Estotiland we comprehend the Northern Regions of the Mexican Province as also those on the East and 't is bounded Eastward with the Main Ocean on the South with Canida or Nova Francia on the West with undiscovered Tracts of Land and on the North with an Inlet or Bay of the Sea called Hudsons Bay taking its name from Henry Hudson an Englishman who first discovered it ESTOTILAND properly so called is the most Northern Region on the East side of America the Soil sufficiently inriched by Nature the Natives Rude and void of Civility Arts or Tractableness going many of them Named notwithstanding the extream Cold living by the Flesh of Wild Beasts they kill in the Woods and is but little Inhabited but by the Natives by reason of the lasting Winters the greatest Advantage drawn from this extream Region being the Fishing Trade where in the Rivers at the Season are such a Number of Cod called New-land-fish that with a red Rag and a Hook a Man may catch forty or fifty in an hour which dried and salted are brought into England and other parts of Europe besides they Trade sometimes with the Natives for Feathers Furs and Skins of Beasts and the most noted places for Cities you must expect none are such as have been named by the English viz. Prince Henry's Fore-land Charles Cape King's Fore-land and Cape Wolstenham at the end thereof where the Streights open in a large and spacious Bay called Hudsons Bay but to come more Southward the next Region is Terra Corterialis In Terra Corterialis the people are found to be of a little better Understanding Cloathing themselves more decently in Skins of Beasts and such other Garments as they can conveniently obtain being generally good Archers getting their Provision thereby yet Strangers to Towns and Cities as living in Caves and Swamps or fortified Woods to which they gave the Names of Towns or Villages not Marrying but living Common most of them Idolaters and those that are their Guides pretenders to Southsaying and Witchcraft much delighting in Fish which they eat more gladly than any thing though a French Colony setling here have built some inconsiderable Towns indifferently Inhabited as Brest Cabo-Marzo Sancta Maria and some others and this part was first discovered by Sebastian Cabot in the Year 1499 at the Charge of King Henry the Seventh though not Improved but took soon after its name from Gaspar Corterialis a Portugal who some years after Sailing upon Discovery fell in with it and here are found Staggs White Bears and Scut-fish a Yard long and such shoals of Cod-fish upon the Coast that they retard the Sailing of the Ships NEW-FOVND-LAND another part of this Tract lies on the South of Corterialis parted from it by the Frith or Streight called Golfes des Chasteaux pretty well Inhabited though not free from the Extremities of Cold and has on the Coast such abundance of Cod-fish Herrings Salmon Mussles with Pearls in their Shells c. that it is to be wondered at as also Thornbacks Smelts and Oysters the up-land Country well Manured producing naturally Roses and bears Pease in extraordinary Crops Flourishing with Trees of sundry kinds as well for Fruits as Shades and in these Parts the Natives scaping the Bloody Cruelty of the Spaniards are pretty Numerous being of a reasonable Stature broad Eye'd full Faced and Beardless their Complexion the Colour of Oaker and their Houses for the most part made of Pol●s their Tops meeting together and covered over with Skins their Hearth or Fire-place in the middle after the manner of the Laplanders their Boats with which they Sail in the Rivers and on the Sea near the Shoar are made of the Bark of a Tree that Country affords 20 Feet in Length and 4 in Bredth yet one of them weighs not 1 Hundred Weight and on this Coast are many curious Bays safe for Ships and before this Part which some term an Island as being divided by the Frith from the Continent lyeth a long Bank or ridg of Ground of many Hundred Leagues extent but not above 24 at the Broadest and all about Islands called by some Cabo Baccalaos from the Swarms of Cod fish found about it which by the Natives are called Baccalaos so that the Bears frequently pull them out of the Water with their Paws and eat them As for the Natives upon the coming of the Christians they Inhabited the Sea-Coast but now for the most part have betaken themselves to the Woods and Fastnesses and used to express their Duty and Reverence towards their King by stroaking their Foreheads and rubbing their Noses which if the King accepted or was well pleased with the Party he turned his Head to his left Shoulder as a mark of Favour And at this day the Fishery for Ling and Cod chiefly draws the English thither though some Furrs and Civit are likewise to be found which the Colonies there setled have much improved Canada or Nova Francia Described c. ANother part of this Tract is called Canada from the River of that Name that Waters it and New France from a Colony of French that settled there who at their first arrival were gladly received by the Natives with Singing and Dancing and this part as well as Nova Scotia and Norembegue is considerably Woody in the up-land parts full of Stags Bears Hares Martins Foxes whose Flesh till more Civiliz'd the Natives did Eat raw as they did their Fish only being dryed in the Sun or Smoak'd in their Hovels they have

of Note insomuch that of considerable Rivers there are found 352 and on them 847 Bridges of Note Cities 25 Market Towns 588 Parishes 8760 Arch-Bishopricks 2 Bishopricks 23. Forrests 61 Parks 752 Chaces 12 and had before the grand unnatural Rebellion 134 Castles but during that tedious VVar many of them were demolished the whole Countrey consisting of pleasant Valleys moderately rising Hills flourishing Fields and Medows that it may suffice to live upon its own plenty without the help or assistance of any other Nation and for stately Buildings and many other Curiosities too many to be contained in a much larger Volume if no other Countreys were spoken of We must wave them seeing we are at home and suffer the Experience of the knowing Reader to supply the omission WALES is properly a part of England but seeing it is generally divided or accounted a Principality c. we think it not amiss to speak of it by it self viz. This Countrey is from East to West about a 100 Miles and from North to South 120 and in it are found 965 Parishes 55 Market Towns 4 Bishopricks 67 Castles 230 Rivers 99 Bridges of note 28 Parks 6 Forrests and 1 Chase and is divided into the Shires of Brecknock Anglesey Cardigan Carmaerthen Carnarvan Denbigh Flint Radnor Glamorgan Merioneth Montgomery Pembrook and Monmouth containing both North and South Wales stretching into the Sea like a large Promontory Fruitful in many places where the Mountains raise not their Heads especially the Isle of Anglesey which of it self is held sufficient to feed the whole Countrey for its store of Cattle and abundance of Corn this Countrey yielding sundry Commodious Harbours and Landing Places commercing at once with England and Ireland and has for its Chief Towns Radnor Carnarvan Brecon St. Davids Cardriff Carmaerthen and Monmouth most of them very pleasantly seated and of considerable Trade the Natives very Industrious and much given to Labour Frugal and for the most part Thrifty nor may we spare to sum up these two Countreys so mostly distinguished in the Epitome of the Poet viz. For Mountains Bridges Rivers Churches fair Women and Wooll they both are past compare SCOTLAND is the next considerable part that compacts the British Empire or Kingdom of Great Britain separated from it only by the Tweed and Solway and the Hills extending from one to the other and is held to be 406 Miles in Length tho in Breadth not proportionable being in some parts but 60 from Sea to Sea divided properly into two parts by the River Tay viz. South and North the former Division being both Fruitful and Populous and again sub-divided into the Counties of Merch Tevi tdale Lothian Liddesdale Eskedale Annandale Niddesdale Galloway Carrick Kyle Cunningham Arran Cliddesdale Lennox Sterling Fife Stratherne Menteith Argile Cantire Lorn all comprehended in South Scotland Loquabrea Braidalbin Perth Athole Angus Merns Mar Buquhan Murrey Rosse Southerland Cathaness and Strathavern North Scotland and in this Kingdom are found Two Arch-bishopricks viz. St. Andrews and Glascow under whom are Eleven Suffragan Bishops and here the Chief City is Edenburg a City principally composed of one large Street about a Mile in length of very good Building the rest less considerable tho throughout the whole Kingdom are many fair Cities Towns and Villages The Principal Islands lying upon the coast of Great Britain and Subject to it are the Islands of Wight Man Anglesey Jersey Guernsey the Orcades or Isles of Orkney 30 in Number the Chief of which are Pomania Hethy and Sheathland all very Fruitful abounding with Cattle and Corn The Hebrides 40 in number but many of them rather Rocks than Islands the Chief being Illa and Jona the ancient Burying place of the Scottish Kings Mulla where the Redshanks Inhabited once so frightful to the English The Sorlings containing 145 Islands but none of note except Armath Sansod and Scilly after the name of which the rest are called for the most part some others there are on this Coast but scarcely worth noting as yielding little Trade or Commodity IRELAND a Kingdom in Subjection to Britain by right of Conquest separate from England only by a tempestuous Sea of about a days Sail and is as all other Islands of note scituate in the Ocean or invironed with Sea c. containing in Length 400 and in Breadth 200 miles and especially divided into four Provinces viz. 1. Munster divided again into the Counties of Limrick Kery Cork Waterford Desmond and Holy Cross in Tipperary 2 Lemster again divided into the Counties of the East and West Meaths Kilkenny Caterlough Kings County Queens County Kildare Weixford Dublin and Wicklock 3. Connaught divided into the Counties of Clare Thumond Galloway Majo Slego Letrim and Roscommon 4. Vlster divided into the Counties of Tyrconnel or Dunhal Tyrone the upper and nether Fermanagh Cavan or Cravan Monaghan Colrane Antrim Down Armagh and Lough And of this Kingdom the chief City is Dublin mostly inhabited by the English pleasantly seated and very commodious for Trade which renders it the chief Seat of Justice and a Bishops See besides which are Waterford Tredagh Limrick Armagh and others of lesser note The Country is in many parts very fruitful but being incumbred with Hills and Boggs a great deal of it lies waste and the more for the sluggishness of the Natives who agree not with Labour though otherwise Sharp and Crafty hardy of Temper and Living upon slender Fare however the Rivers abound with Fish especially Salmon and the Hills and Valleys with Cattle insomuch that a Cow or a Horse may be purchased at about half a piece of our Money and one thing remarkable here is that no poisonous Creature can sive upon this Coast and of such force is even the Wood brought from Ireland into England and other Countries that no Spider will fasten a Cob-web on it The Isle of Oleron is scituate against the French Province of Xaintoigne South of the Isle of Rhee famous for the Maritime Laws established here by Richard King of England tho for nothing more than the quantities of Salt sent hence into France and other parts RHEE or REE is a pleasant Island about 10 English Miles in length and 5 in bredth and has in it the Towns of La Butte de Mont St. John de Mont St. Hillary and St. Martins famous for the defence the Protestants made here against the power of France but fatal to the English in their attempt to rescue them ALDERNY is an Island distant about 6 miles from Cape Hagge in Normandy very Rockey and hard of access and not exceeding 8 miles in compass consists but of one considerable Town called from the name of the Haven Lacrab it not containing above 100 Families nor is the Island of any considerable Trade The SARK is an Island about 6 Miles in compass not much distant from the former and is subject to it being of little Trade or Moment and these being all of note in the Neighbouring Seas we