that_o quantity_n first_o because_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v double_v 2._o because_o the_o use_n of_o coal_n be_v also_o at_o least_o double_v because_o they_o be_v heretofore_o seldom_o use_v in_o chamber_n as_o now_o they_o be_v nor_o be_v there_o so_o many_o brick_n burn_v with_o they_o as_o of_o late_a nor_o do_v the_o country_n on_o both_o side_n the_o thames_n make_v use_n of_o they_o as_o now_o beside_o there_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o guinny_n and_o american_n trade_n above_o forty_o thousand_o tun_n of_o ship_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la which_o trade_n in_o those_o day_n be_v inconsiderable_a the_o quantity_n of_o wine_n import_v be_v not_o near_o so_o much_o as_o now_o and_o to_o be_v short_a the_o custom_n upon_o import_v and_o export_v commodity_n do_v not_o then_o yield_v a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o present_a value_n which_o show_v that_o not_o only_a ship_n but_o trade_n itself_o have_v increase_v somewhat_o near_o that_o proportion_n as_o to_o money_n the_o interest_n thereof_o be_v half_a within_o this_o fifty_o year_n at_o 10_o l._n per_fw-la cent._n forty_o year_n ago_o at_o 8_o l._n and_o now_o at_o 6_o l._n no_o thanks_o to_o any_o law_n which_o have_v be_v make_v to_o that_o purpose_n forasmuch_o as_o those_o who_o can_v give_v good_a security_n may_v now_o have_v it_o at_o less_o but_o the_o natural_a fall_n of_o interest_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o mony_n the_o fear_n of_o many_o concern_v the_o welfare_n of_o england_n the_o real_a prejudices_fw-la of_o england_n the_o improvement_n of_o england_n the_o author_n method_n and_o manner_n of_o argue_v the_o nature_n of_o his_o position_n and_o supposition_n how_o one_o man_n by_o art_n and_o one_o acre_n of_o land_n by_o improvement_n may_v be_v equivalent_a to_o many_o a_o comparison_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n with_o france_n that_o the_o land_n of_o france_n be_v to_o the_o land_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n as_o 8_o to_o 1_o in_o value_n the_o building_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v about_o half_a in_o value_n to_o those_o at_o paris_n the_o house_n in_o france_n above_o five_o time_n the_o value_n of_o those_o in_o holland_n and_o zealand_n the_o ship_n of_o holland_n 9_o time_n that_o of_o france_n the_o comparison_n of_o holl._n and_o france_n in_o the_o india_n the_o exportation_n of_o france_n and_o holl._n and_o be_v as_o 21_o to_o 5._o the_o revenue_n of_o france_n the_o tax_n pay_v by_o holl._n and_o zealand_n the_o difference_n of_o interest_n between_o hol._n &_o france_n the_o superlucration_n between_o france_n and_o holl._n the_o cause_n of_o the_o difference_n between_o france_n and_o holl._n the_o reason_n why_o rich_a land_n be_v better_a than_o course_n land_n though_o of_o the_o same_o rent_n and_o consequent_o why_o holl._n be_v better_a than_o fran._n the_o advantage_n from_o the_o level_n and_o windmill_n of_o holl._n the_o advantage_n from_o holl._n of_o manufacture_n &_o commerce_n the_o situation_n of_o holl._n &_o zeal_n upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o three_o great_a river_n nearness_n to_o navigable_a water_n the_o defensibleness_n of_o holland_n harbour_v of_o ship_n at_o small_a expense_n advantage_n from_o fish_v advantage_n by_o naval_a provision_n fitness_n for_o universal_a trade_n artificial_a advantage_n of_o trade_n husbandman_n seaman_n soldier_n artisan_n and_o merchant_n be_v the_o very_a pillar_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n and_o a_o seaman_n be_v three_o of_o they_o a_o seaman_n equivalent_a to_o three_o husbandman_n silver_n gold_n and_o jewel_n be_v universal_a wealth_n reason_n why_o the_o hollander_n sail_v for_o less_o freight_n the_o policy_n of_o holland_n underma_v of_o ship_n liberty_n of_o conscience_n and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o in_o holland_n the_o trade_n of_o any_o country_n be_v chief_o manage_v by_o the_o heterodox_n party_n all_o the_o papist_n seaman_n of_o europe_n be_v scarce_o sufficient_a to_o man_n the_o king_n of_o england_n fleet._n firm_a title_n to_o land_n and_o house_n of_o the_o introduce_v registry_n into_o england_n the_o bank_n of_o holland_n the_o hollander_n be_v seldom_o husbandman_n or_o foot_n soldier_n the_o method_n of_o compute_v the_o value_n of_o man_n and_o people_n reason_n why_o rent_n do_v fall_v what_o shift_n ing_z of_o money_n from_o hand_n be_v profitable_a or_o not_o tax_v of_o new_a work_n a_o benefit_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o tax_n of_o idler_n a_o judgement_n of_o what_o tax_n be_v advangeous_a it_o be_v probable_a that_o holland_n and_o england_n be_v grow_v rich_a under_o tax_n the_o difference_n of_o prince_n revenue_n that_o ireland_n may_v be_v more_o advantageous_o tax_v by_o a_o pole_n in_o flax._n duty_n put_v upon_o redundant_fw-la commodity_n may_v be_v a_o harmless_a tax_n of_o a_o tax_n by_o a_o grand_a militia_n and_o by_o two_o other_o sort_n of_o army_n for_o supply_v the_o navy_n and_o merchant_n with_o seaman_n a_o herring_n tax_n upon_o scotland_n the_o quality_n of_o ship_n fit_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o england_n the_o qualification_n of_o seaman_n for_o defence_n the_o number_n of_o seaman_n in_o france_n the_o way_n whereby_o the_o french_a must_v increase_v seaman_n why_o seaman_n dislike_v land-man_n the_o danger_n of_o english_a seaman_n their_o serve_v the_o french_a how_o man_n learn_v to_o be_v good_a seaman_n whether_o the_o ship_n trade_n of_o france_n be_v like_a to_o increase_v reason_n why_o it_o can_v of_o comparison_n between_o the_o territory_n of_o england_n and_o france_n a_o proposition_n for_o quit_v ireland_n &_o the_o highland_n of_o scotland_n that_o england_n and_o the_o lowland_n of_o scotland_n will_v feed_v all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n scotland_n &_o ireland_n that_o the_o value_n of_o all_o the_o quit_v land_n and_o immovable_a good_n and_o charge_n of_o transplantation_n be_v not_o worth_a above_o 17_o million_o that_o those_o who_o purchase_n ireland_n shall_v weaken_v themselves_o that_o the_o difference_n between_o england_n &_o france_n territory_n be_v not_o material_a 〈…〉_z the_o multitude_n of_o clergy_n do_v lessen_v the_o k._n of_o france_n people_n the_o multitude_n of_o sea_n &_o naval_a man_n doincrease_v the_o k._n of_o england_n subject_n the_o k._n of_o england_n territory_n be_v in_o effect_n but_o 12_o mile_n from_o navigable_a water_n the_o king_n of_o france_n 65._o the_o decay_n of_o timber_n in_o england_n be_v no_o very_o formidable_a matter_n the_o k._n of_o england_n subject_n spend_v near_o as_o much_o as_o the_o k._n of_o france_n the_o great_a spendor_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n no_o certain_a argument_n of_o the_o great_a wealth_n of_o his_o people_n comparison_n of_o the_o foreign_a trade_n of_o england_n and_o france_n the_o disunion_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o england_n be_v a_o impediment_n of_o its_o greatness_n the_o different_a legislature_n another_o impediment_n the_o colony_n belong_v to_o england_n a_o diminution_n to_o the_o empire_n the_o different_a understanding_n of_o prerogative_n and_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n law_n and_o equity_n civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a the_o supreme_a legislature_n of_o ireland_n etc._n etc._n want_v of_o natural_a union_n for_o want_n of_o mixture_n and_o transplantation_n the_o unequal_a inconvenient_a method_n of_o tax_v inequality_n of_o shire_n diocese_n parish_n member_n of_o parliament_n etc._n etc._n many_o territory_n have_v be_v add_v to_o england_n within_o about_o forty_o year_n and_o many_o improvement_n make_v the_o house_n of_o london_n double_v in_o value_n the_o ship_n very_o much_o increase_v with_o the_o reason_n thereof_o interest_n of_o money_n abate_v near_o half_a
let_v this_o book_n call_v political_a arithmetic_n which_o be_v long_o since_o write_v by_o sir_n william_n petty_a decease_v be_v print_v give_v at_o the_o court_n at_o whitehall_n the_o seven_o day_n of_o novemb_n 1690._o nottingham_n political_a arithmetic_n or_o a_o discourse_n concern_v the_o extent_n and_o value_n of_o land_n people_n building_n husbandry_n manufacture_n commerce_n fishery_n artisan_n seaman_n soldier_n public_a revenue_n interest_n tax_n superlucration_n registries_n bank_n valuation_n of_o man_n increase_v of_o seaman_n of_o militia_n harbour_n situation_n ship_n power_n at_o sea_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o same_o relate_v to_o every_o country_n in_o general_n but_o more_o particular_o to_o the_o territory_n of_o his_o majesty_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o his_o neighbour_n of_o holland_n zealand_n and_o france_n by_o sir_n william_n petty_n late_a fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n london_n print_v for_o robert_n clavel_n at_o the_o peacock_n and_o hen._n mortlock_n at_o the_o phoenix_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n 1690._o to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n sir_n while_o every_o one_o meditate_v some_o fit_a offer_v for_o your_o majesty_n such_o as_o may_v best_o agree_v with_o your_o happy_a exaltation_n to_o this_o throne_n i_o presume_v to_o offer_v what_o my_o father_n long_o since_o write_v to_o show_v the_o weight_n and_o importance_n of_o the_o english_a crown_n it_o be_v by_o he_o style_v political_a arithmetic_n in_o as_o much_o as_o thing_n of_o government_n and_o of_o no_o less_o concern_v and_o extent_n than_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o happiness_n and_o greatness_n of_o the_o people_n be_v by_o the_o ordinary_a rule_n of_o arithmetic_n bring_v into_o a_o sort_n of_o demonstration_n he_o be_v allow_v by_o all_o to_o be_v the_o inventor_n of_o this_o method_n of_o instruction_n where_o the_o perplex_a and_o intricate_a way_n of_o the_o world_n be_v explain_v by_o a_o very_a mean_a piece_n of_o science_n and_o have_v not_o the_o doctrine_n of_o this_o essay_n offend_v france_n they_o have_v long_o since_o see_v the_o light_n and_o have_v sound_a follower_n as_o well_o as_o improvement_n before_o this_o time_n to_o the_o advantage_n perhaps_o of_o mankind_n but_o this_o have_v be_v reserve_v to_o the_o felicity_n of_o your_o majesty_n reign_n and_o to_o the_o expectation_n which_o the_o learned_a have_v therein_o and_o if_o while_o in_o this_o i_o do_v some_o honour_n to_o the_o memory_n of_o a_o good_a father_n i_o can_v also_o pay_v service_n and_o some_o testimony_n of_o my_o zeal_n and_o reverence_n to_o so_o great_a a_o king_n it_o will_v be_v the_o utmost_a ambition_n of_o sir_n your_o majesty_n most_o dutiful_a and_o most_o obedient_a subject_n shelborne_n preface_n forasmuch_o as_o man_n who_o be_v in_o a_o decay_a condition_n or_o who_o have_v but_o a_o ill_a opinion_n of_o their_o own_o concernment_n instead_o of_o be_v as_o some_o think_v the_o more_o industrious_a to_o resist_v the_o evil_n they_o apprehend_v do_v contrariwise_o become_v the_o more_o languid_a and_o ineffectual_a in_o all_o their_o endeavour_n neither_o care_v to_o attempt_v or_o prosecute_v even_o the_o probable_a mean_n of_o their_o relief_n upon_o this_o consideration_n as_o a_o member_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n next_o to_o know_v the_o precise_a truth_n in_o what_o condition_n the_o common_a interest_n stand_v i_o will_v in_o all_o doubtful_a case_n think_v the_o best_a and_o consequent_o not_o despair_n without_o strong_a and_o manifest_a reason_n careful_o examine_v whatever_o tend_v to_o lessen_v my_o hope_n of_o the_o public_a welfare_n i_o have_v therefore_o think_v fit_a to_o examine_v the_o follow_a persuasion_n which_o i_o find_v too_o currant_n in_o the_o world_n and_o too_o much_o to_o have_v affect_v the_o mind_n of_o some_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o all_o viz._n that_o the_o rent_n of_o land_n be_v england_n general_o fall_v that_o therefore_o and_o for_o many_o other_o reason_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n grow_v every_o day_n poor_a and_o poor_a that_o former_o it_o abound_v with_o gold_n but_o now_o there_o be_v a_o great_a scarcity_n both_o of_o gold_n and_o silver_n that_o there_o be_v no_o trade_n nor_o employment_n for_o the_o people_n and_o yet_o that_o the_o land_n be_v under-peopled_n that_o tax_n have_v be_v many_o and_o great_a that_o ireland_n and_o the_o plantation_n in_o america_n and_o other_o addition_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v a_o burden_n to_o england_n that_o scotland_n be_v of_o no_o advantage_n that_o trade_n in_o general_n do_v lamentable_o decay_v that_o the_o hollander_n be_v at_o our_o heel_n in_o the_o race_n of_o naval_a power_n the_o french_a grow_v too_o fast_o upon_o both_o and_o appear_v so_o rich_a and_o potent_a that_o it_o be_v but_o their_o clemency_n that_o they_o do_v not_o devour_v their_o neighbour_n and_o final_o that_o the_o church_n and_o state_n of_o england_n be_v in_o the_o same_o danger_n with_o the_o trade_n of_o england_n with_o many_o other_o dismal_a suggestion_n which_o i_o have_v rather_o stifle_v than_o repeat_v it_o be_v true_a the_o expense_n of_o foreign_a england_n commodity_n have_v of_o late_o be_v too_o great_a much_o of_o our_o plate_n have_v it_o remain_v money_n will_v have_v better_o serve_v trade_n too_o many_o matter_n have_v be_v regulate_v by_o law_n which_o nature_n long_a custom_n and_o general_a consent_n ought_v only_o to_o have_v govern_v the_o slaughter_n and_o destruction_n of_o man_n by_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n and_o plague_n have_v be_v great_a the_o fire_n at_o london_n and_o disaster_n at_o chatham_n have_v beget_v opinion_n in_o the_o vulgus_fw-la of_o the_o world_n to_o our_o prejudice_n the_o nonconformist_n increase_n the_o people_n of_o ireland_n think_v long_o of_o their_o settlement_n the_o english_a there_o apprehend_v themselves_o to_o be_v alien_n and_o be_v force_v to_o seek_v a_o trade_n with_o foreigner_n which_o they_o may_v as_o well_o maintain_v with_o their_o own_o relation_n in_o england_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o the_o like_a whereof_o be_v always_o in_o all_o place_n the_o england_n building_n of_o london_n grow_v great_a and_o glorious_a the_o american_n plantation_n employ_v four_o hundred_o sail_n of_o ship_n action_n in_o the_o east-india_n company_n be_v near_o double_a the_o principal_a money_n those_o who_o can_v give_v good_a security_n may_v have_v money_n under_o the_o statute-interest_n material_n for_o building_n even_a oaken-timber_n be_v little_a the_o dear_a some_o cheap_a for_o the_o rebuild_n of_o london_n the_o exchange_n seem_v as_o full_a of_o merchant_n as_o former_o no_o more_o beggar_n in_o the_o street_n nor_o execute_v for_o thief_n than_o heretofore_o the_o number_n of_o coach_n and_o splendour_n of_o equipage_n exceed_v former_a time_n the_o public_a theatre_n very_o magnificent_a the_o king_n have_v a_o great_a navy_n and_o strong_a guard_n than_o before_o our_o calamity_n the_o clergy_n rich_a and_o the_o cathedral_n in_o repair_n much_o land_n have_v be_v improve_v and_o the_o price_n of_o food_n so_o reasonable_a as_o that_o man_n refuse_v to_o have_v it_o cheap_a by_o admit_v of_o irish_a cattle_n and_o in_o brief_a no_o man_n needs_o to_o want_v that_o will_v take_v moderate_a pain_n that_o some_o be_v poor_a than_o other_o ever_o be_v and_o ever_o will_v be_v and_o that_o many_o be_v natural_o querulous_a and_o envious_a be_v a_o evil_a as_o old_a as_o the_o world_n these_o general_a observation_n and_o that_o man_n eat_v and_o drink_v and_o laugh_v as_o they_o use_v to_o do_v have_v encourage_v i_o to_o try_v if_o i_o can_v also_o comfort_v other_o be_v satisfy_v myself_o that_o the_o interest_n and_o affair_n of_o england_n be_v in_o no_o deplorable_a condition_n the_o method_n i_o take_v to_o do_v this_o argue_v be_v not_o yet_o very_o usual_a for_o instead_o of_o use_v only_o comparative_a and_o superlative_a word_n and_o intellectual_a argument_n i_o have_v take_v the_o course_n as_o a_o specimen_fw-la of_o the_o political_a arithmetic_n i_o have_v long_o aim_v at_o to_o express_v myself_o in_o term_n of_o number_n weight_n or_o measure_n to_o use_v only_a argument_n of_o sense_n and_o to_o consider_v only_o such_o cause_n as_o have_v visible_a foundation_n in_o nature_n leave_v those_o that_o depend_v upon_o the_o mutable_a mind_n opinion_n appetite_n and_o passion_n of_o particular_a man_n to_o the_o consideration_n of_o other_o really_n profess_v myself_o as_o unable_a to_o speak_v satisfactory_o upon_o those_o ground_n if_o they_o may_v be_v call_v ground_n as_o to_o foretell_v the_o cast_n of_o a_o dye_n to_o play_v well_o at_o tennis_n billiard_n or_o bowl_n without_o long_a practice_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o most_o elaborate_a conception_n that_o ever_o have_v be_v write_v de_fw-fr projectilibus_fw-la &_o missilibus_fw-la or_o of_o the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n and_o reflection_n now_o the_o observation_n
the_o twenty_o reserve_v a_o hundred_o i_o may_v here_o add_v many_o more_o particular_n soldier_n but_o be_v the_o same_o as_o have_v already_o be_v note_v by_o other_o i_o shall_v conclude_v only_o with_o add_v one_o observation_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v of_o consequence_n viz._n that_o the_o hollander_n do_v rid_v their_o hand_n of_o two_o trade_n which_o be_v of_o great_a turmoil_n and_o danger_n and_o yet_o of_o least_o profit_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v that_o of_o a_o common_a and_o private_a soldier_n for_o such_o they_o can_v hire_v from_o england_n scotland_n and_o germany_n to_o venture_v their_o life_n for_o six_o penny_n a_o day_n whilst_o themselves_o safe_o and_o quiet_o follow_v such_o trade_n whereby_o the_o mean_a of_o they_o gain_v six_o time_n as_o much_o and_o withal_o by_o this_o entertain_n of_o stranger_n for_o soldier_n their_o country_n become_v more_o and_o more_o people_v forasmuch_o as_o the_o child_n of_o such_o stranger_n be_v hollander_n and_o take_v to_o trade_n whilst_o new_a stranger_n be_v admit_v ad_fw-la infinitum_fw-la beside_o these_o soldier_n at_o convenient_a interval_n do_v at_o least_o as_o much_o work_n as_o be_v equivalent_a to_o what_o they_o spend_v and_o consequent_o by_o this_o way_n of_o employ_v of_o stranger_n for_o soldier_n they_o people_z the_o country_n and_o save_v their_o own_o person_n from_o danger_n and_o misery_n without_o any_o real_a expense_n effect_v by_o this_o method_n what_o other_o have_v in_o vain_a attempt_v by_o law_n for_o naturalise_v of_o stranger_n as_o if_o man_n can_v be_v charm_v to_o transplant_v themselves_o from_o their_o own_o native_a into_o a_o foreign_a country_n mere_o by_o word_n and_o for_o the_o bare_a leave_n of_o be_v call_v by_o a_o new_a name_n in_o ireland_n law_n of_o naturalisation_n have_v have_v little_a effect_n to_o bring_v in_o alien_n and_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n since_o english_a man_n will_v not_o go_v thither_o without_o they_o may_v have_v the_o pay_n of_o soldier_n or_o some_o other_o advantage_n amount_v to_o maintenance_n people_n have_v intimate_v the_o way_n by_o which_o the_o hollander_n do_v increase_v their_o people_n i_o shall_v here_o digress_v to_o set_v down_o the_o way_n of_o compute_v the_o value_n of_o every_o head_n one_o with_o another_o and_o that_o by_o the_o instance_n of_o people_n in_o england_n viz._n suppose_v the_o people_n of_o england_n be_v six_o million_o in_o number_n that_o their_o expense_n at_o 7_o l._n per_fw-la head_n be_v forty_o two_o million_o suppose_v also_o that_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n be_v eight_o million_o and_o the_o profit_n of_o all_o the_o personal_a estate_n be_v eight_o million_o more_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o labour_n of_o the_o people_n must_v have_v supply_v the_o remain_v twenty_o six_o million_o the_o which_o multiply_v by_o twenty_o the_o mass_n of_o mankind_n be_v worth_a twenty_o year_n purchase_v as_o well_o as_o land_n make_v five_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o million_o as_o the_o value_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n which_o number_n divide_v by_o six_o million_o make_v above_o 80_o l._n sterling_n to_o be_v value_v of_o each_o head_n of_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n and_o of_o adult_n person_n twice_o as_o much_o from_o whence_o we_o may_v learn_v to_o compute_v the_o loss_n we_o have_v sustain_v by_o the_o plague_n by_o the_o slaughter_n of_o man_n in_o war_n and_o by_o the_o send_v they_o abroad_o into_o the_o service_n of_o foreign_a prince_n the_o other_o trade_n of_o which_o the_o hollander_n have_v rid_v their_o hand_n be_v the_o old_a patriarchal_a trade_n of_o be_v cowkeeper_n and_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n of_o that_o which_o concern_v plough_v and_o sow_v of_o corn_n have_v put_v that_o employment_n upon_o the_o dane_n and_o polander_n from_o who_o they_o have_v their_o young_a cattle_n and_o corn._n now_o here_o we_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o as_o trade_n and_o curious_a art_n increase_v so_o the_o trade_n of_o husbandry_n will_v decrease_v or_o else_o the_o wage_n of_o husbandman_n must_v rise_v and_o consequent_o the_o rent_n of_o land_n must_v fall_v for_o proof_n whereof_o i_o dare_v affirm_v that_o if_o all_o the_o husbandman_n of_o england_n who_o now_o earn_v but_o 8_o d._n a_o day_n or_o thereabouts_o can_v become_v tradesman_n and_o earn_v 16_o d._n a_o day_n which_o be_v no_o great_a wage_n 2_o s._n and_o 2_o s._n 6_o d._n be_v usual_o give_v that_o then_o it_o will_v be_v the_o advantage_n of_o england_n to_o throw_v up_o their_o husbandry_n and_o to_o make_v no_o use_n of_o their_o land_n but_o for_o grass_n horse_n milch_n cow_n garden_n and_o orchard_n etc._n etc._n which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o and_o if_o trade_n and_o manufacture_n have_v increase_v in_o england_n that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n apply_v themselves_o to_o those_o faculty_n than_o there_o do_v heretofore_o and_o if_o the_o price_n of_o corn_n be_v no_o great_a now_o than_o when_o husbandman_n be_v more_o numerous_a and_o tradesman_n few_o it_o follow_v from_o that_o single_a reason_n though_o other_o may_v be_v add_v that_o the_o rent_n of_o land_n must_v fall_v as_o for_o fall_v example_n suppose_v the_o price_n of_o wheat_n be_v 5_o s._n or_o 60_o penny_n the_o bushel_n now_o if_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n whereon_o it_o grow_v be_v the_o three_o sheaf_n then_o of_o the_o 60d_o 20d_n be_v for_o the_o land_n and_o 40_o d._n for_o the_o husbandman_n but_o if_o the_o husbandman_n wage_n shall_v rise_v one_o eight_o part_n or_o from_o 8_o d._n to_o 9_o d._n per_fw-la diem_fw-la than_o the_o husbandman_n share_n in_o the_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n rise_v from_o 40_o d._n to_o 45_o d._n and_o consequent_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n must_v fall_v from_o 20_o d._n to_o 15_o d._n for_o we_o suppose_v the_o price_n of_o the_o wheat_n still_o remain_v the_o same_o especial_o since_o we_o can_v raise_v it_o for_o if_o we_o do_v attempt_v it_o cornwould_v be_v bring_v in_o to_o we_o as_o into_o holland_n from_o foreign_a part_n where_o the_o state_n of_o husbandry_n be_v not_o change_v and_o thus_o i_o have_v do_v with_o the_o first_o principal_a conclusion_n that_o a_o small_a territory_n and_o even_o a_o few_o people_n may_v by_o situation_n trade_n and_o policy_n be_v make_v equivalent_a to_o a_o great_a and_o that_o convenience_n for_o ship_n and_o water-carriage_n do_v most_o eminent_o and_o fundamental_o conduce_v thereunto_o chap._n ii_o that_o some_o kind_n of_o tax_n and_o public_a levy_n may_v rather_o increase_v than_o diminish_v the_o wealth_n of_o the_o kingdom_n if_o the_o money_n or_o other_o effect_n levy_v not_o from_o the_o people_n by_o way_n of_o tax_n be_v destroy_v and_o annihilate_v then_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o such_o levy_n will_v diminish_v the_o commonwealth_n or_o if_o the_o same_o be_v export_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o any_o return_n at_o all_o than_o the_o case_n will_v be_v also_o the_o same_o or_o worse_o but_o if_o what_o be_v levy_v as_o aforesaid_a be_v only_o transfer_v from_o one_o hand_n to_o another_o than_o we_o be_v only_o to_o consider_v whether_o the_o say_a money_n or_o commodity_n be_v take_v from_o a_o improve_n hand_n and_o give_v to_o a_o ill_a husband_n or_o vice_fw-la versa_fw-la as_o for_o example_n suppose_v that_o money_n by_o way_n of_o tax_n be_v take_v from_o one_o who_o spend_v the_o same_o in_o superfluous_a eat_n and_o drink_v and_o deliver_v to_o another_o who_o employ_v the_o same_o in_o improve_n of_o land_n in_o fish_v in_o work_v of_o mine_n in_o manufacture_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o such_o tax_n be_v a_o advantage_n to_o the_o state_n whereof_o the_o say_v different_a person_n be_v member_n nay_o if_o money_n be_v take_v from_o he_o who_o spend_v the_o same_o as_o aforesaid_a upon_o eat_v and_o drink_v or_o any_o other_o perish_v commodity_n and_o the_o same_o transfer_v to_o one_o that_o bestow_v it_o on_o clothes_n i_o say_v that_o even_o in_o this_o case_n the_o commonwealth_n have_v some_o little_a advantage_n because_o clothes_n do_v not_o altogether_o perish_v so_o soon_o as_o meat_n and_o drink_n but_o if_o the_o same_o be_v spend_v in_o furniture_n of_o house_n the_o advantage_n be_v yet_o a_o little_a more_o if_o in_o building_n of_o house_n yet_o more_o if_o in_o improve_n of_o land_n work_v of_o mine_n fish_v etc._n etc._n yet_o more_o but_o most_o of_o all_o in_o bring_v gold_n and_o silver_n into_o the_o country_n because_o those_o thing_n be_v not_o only_o not_o perishable_a but_o be_v esteem_v for_o wealth_n at_o all_o time_n and_o every_o where_o whereas_o other_o commodity_n which_o be_v perishable_a or_o who_o value_n depend_v upon_o the_o fashion_n or_o which_o be_v contingent_o scarce_o
and_o plentiful_a be_v wealth_n but_o pro_fw-la hic_fw-la &_o nunc_fw-la as_o shall_v be_v elsewhere_o say_v in_o the_o next_o place_n if_o the_o people_n of_o any_o commonwealth_n country_n who_o have_v not_o already_o a_o full_a employment_n shall_v be_v enjoin_v or_o tax_v to_o work_v upon_o such_o commodity_n as_o be_v import_v from_o abroad_o i_o say_v that_o such_o a_o tax_n also_o do_v improve_v the_o commonwealth_n moreover_o if_o person_n who_o live_v by_o idler_n beg_v cheat_a steal_v game_a borrow_v without_o intention_n of_o restore_v who_o by_o those_o way_n do_v get_v from_o the_o credulous_a and_o careless_a more_o than_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o subsistence_n of_o such_o person_n i_o say_v that_o although_o the_o state_n shall_v have_v no_o present_a employment_n for_o such_o person_n and_o consequent_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o bear_v the_o whole_a charge_n of_o their_o livelihood_n yet_o it_o be_v more_o for_o the_o public_a profit_n to_o give_v all_o such_o person_n a_o regular_a and_o competent_a allowance_n by_o public_a tax_n than_o to_o suffer_v they_o to_o spend_v extravagant_o at_o the_o only_a charge_n of_o careless_a credulous_a and_o good_a nature_a people_n and_o to_o expose_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o many_o able_a man_n who_o life_n be_v take_v away_o for_o the_o crime_n which_o ill_a discipline_n do_v occasion_n on_o the_o contrary_a if_o the_o stock_n of_o laborious_a and_o ingenious_a man_n who_o be_v not_o only_o beautify_v the_o country_n where_o they_o live_v by_o elegant_a diet_n apparel_n furniture_n house_n pleasant_a garden_n orchard_n and_o public_a edifice_n etc._n etc._n but_o be_v also_o increase_v the_o gold_n silver_n and_o jewel_n of_o the_o country_n by_o trade_n and_o arm_n i_o say_v if_o the_o stock_n of_o these_o man_n shall_v be_v diminish_v by_o a_o tax_n and_o transfer_v to_o such_o as_o do_v nothing_o at_o all_o but_o eat_v and_o drink_v sing_v play_v and_o dance_v nay_o to_o such_o as_o study_v the_o metaphysic_n or_o other_o needless_a speculation_n or_o else_o employ_v themselves_o in_o any_o other_o way_n which_o produce_v no_o material_a thing_n or_o thing_n of_o real_a use_n and_o value_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o this_o case_n the_o wealth_n of_o the_o public_a will_v be_v diminish_v otherwise_o than_o as_o such_o exercise_n be_v recreation_n and_o refreshment_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o which_o be_v moderate_o use_v do_v qualify_v and_o dispose_v man_n to_o what_o in_o itself_o be_v more_o considerable_a wherefore_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n to_o know_v whether_o a_o tax_n will_v do_v good_a or_o harm_n the_o state_n of_o the_o people_n and_o their_o employment_n must_v be_v well_o know_v that_o be_v to_o say_v what_o part_n of_o the_o people_n be_v unfit_a for_o labour_n by_o their_o infancy_n or_o impotency_n and_o also_o what_o part_n be_v exempt_a from_o the_o same_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o wealth_n function_n or_o dignity_n or_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o charge_n and_o employment_n otherwise_o than_o in_o govern_v direct_v and_o preserve_v those_o who_o be_v appoint_v to_o labour_n and_o arts._n 2._o in_o the_o next_o place_n computation_n must_v be_v make_v what_o part_n of_o those_o who_o be_v fit_a for_o labour_n and_o art_n as_o aforesaid_a be_v able_a to_o perform_v the_o work_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o its_o present_a state_n and_o measure_n 3._o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v whether_o advangeous_a the_o remainder_n can_v make_v all_o or_o any_o part_n of_o those_o commodity_n which_o be_v import_v from_o abroad_o which_o of_o they_o and_o how_o much_o in_o particular_a the_o remainder_n of_o which_o sort_n of_o people_n if_o any_o be_v may_v safe_o and_o without_o possible_a prejudice_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v employ_v in_o art_n and_o exercise_n of_o pleasure_n and_o ornament_n the_o great_a whereof_o be_v the_o improvement_n of_o natural_a knowledge_n have_v thus_o in_o general_n illustrate_v this_o point_n which_o i_o think_v needs_o no_o other_o proof_n but_o illustration_n i_o come_v next_o to_o intimate_v that_o no_o part_n of_o europe_n have_v pay_v so_o much_o by_o way_n of_o tax_n and_o public_a contribution_n as_o holland_n and_o zealand_n for_o this_o last_o 100_o year_n and_o yet_o no_o country_n have_v in_o the_o same_o time_n increase_v their_o wealth_n comparable_o to_o they_o and_o it_o be_v manifest_a they_o have_v follow_v the_o general_a consideration_n abovementioned_a for_o they_o tax_v meat_n and_o drink_n most_o heavy_o of_o all_o to_o restrain_v the_o excessive_a expense_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o 24_o hour_n do_v as_o to_o the_o use_n of_o man_n whole_o annihilate_v and_o they_o be_v more_o favourable_a to_o commodity_n of_o great_a duration_n nor_o do_v they_o tax_v according_a to_o what_o man_n gain_v but_o in_o extraordinary_a case_n but_o always_o according_a to_o what_o man_n spend_v and_o most_o of_o all_o according_a to_o what_o they_o spend_v needless_o and_o without_o prospect_n of_o return_n upon_o which_o ground_n their_o custom_n upon_o good_n import_v and_o export_v be_v general_o low_a as_o if_o they_o intend_v by_o they_o only_o to_o keep_v a_o account_n of_o their_o foreign_a trade_n and_o to_o tax_n retaliate_v upon_o their_o neighbour_n state_n the_o prejudices_fw-la do_v they_o by_o their_o prohibition_n and_o imposition_n it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o since_o the_o year_n 1636_o the_o tax_n and_o public_a levy_n make_v in_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n have_v be_v prodigious_o great_a than_o at_o any_o time_n heretofore_o and_o yet_o the_o say_a kingdom_n have_v increase_v in_o their_o wealth_n and_o strength_n for_o these_o last_o forty_o year_n as_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v show_v it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n at_o revenue_n present_a do_v levy_v the_o five_o part_n of_o his_o people_n wealth_n and_o yet_o great_a ostentation_n be_v make_v of_o the_o present_a riches_n and_o strength_n of_o that_o kingdom_n now_o great_a care_n must_v be_v have_v in_o distinguish_v between_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o people_n and_o that_o of_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n who_o take_v from_o the_o people_n where_o when_o and_o in_o what_o proportion_n he_o please_v moreover_o the_o subject_n of_o two_o monarch_n may_v be_v equal_o rich_a and_o yet_o one_o monarch_n may_v be_v double_a as_o rich_a as_o the_o other_o viz._n if_o one_o take_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o people_n substance_n to_o his_o own_o dispose_n and_o the_o other_o but_o the_o 20_o nay_o the_o monarch_n of_o a_o poor_a people_n may_v appear_v more_o splendid_a and_o glorious_a than_o that_o of_o a_o rich_a which_o perhaps_o may_v be_v somewhat_o the_o case_n of_o france_n as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v examine_v as_o a_o instance_n and_o application_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v i_o conceive_v that_o in_o ireland_n wherein_o be_v about_o 1200_o thousand_o people_n and_o near_o 300_o thousand_o smoke_n or_o flax._n hearth_n it_o be_v more_o tolerable_a for_o the_o people_n and_o more_o profitable_a for_o the_o king_n that_o each_o head_n pay_v 2_o s._n worth_n of_o flax_n than_o that_o each_o smoke_n shall_v pay_v 2_o s._n in_o silver_n and_o that_o for_o the_o follow_a reason_n 1._o ireland_n be_v under_o people_a and_o land_n and_o cattle_n be_v very_o cheap_a there_o be_v every_o where_o store_n of_o fish_n and_o fowl_n the_o ground_n yield_v excellent_a root_n and_o particular_o that_o bread-like_a root_n potato_n and_o withal_o they_o be_v able_a to_o perform_v their_o husbandry_n with_o such_o harness_n and_o tackle_n as_o each_o man_n can_v make_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o live_v in_o such_o house_n as_o almost_o every_o man_n can_v build_v and_o every_o housewife_n be_v a_o spinner_n and_o dyer_n of_o wool_n and_o yarn_n they_o can_v live_v and_o subsist_v after_o their_o present_a fashion_n without_o the_o use_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n money_n and_o can_v supply_v themselves_o with_o the_o necessary_n above_o name_n without_o labour_v 2_o hour_n per_fw-la diem_fw-la now_o it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o insolvency_n arise_v rather_o from_o the_o uselessness_n than_o want_n of_o money_n among_o these_o poor_a people_n that_o from_o 300_o thousand_o hearth_n which_o shall_v have_v yield_v 30_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la not_o 15_o thousand_o pound_n of_o money_n can_v be_v levy_v whereas_o it_o be_v easy_o imagine_v that_o four_o or_o five_o people_n dwell_v in_o that_o cottage_n which_o have_v but_o one_o smoke_n can_v easy_o have_v plant_v a_o ground-plot_n of_o about_o 40_o foot_n square_a with_o flax_n or_o the_o 50_o part_n of_o a_o acre_n for_o so_o much_o ground_n will_v bear_v eight_o or_o ten_o shilling_n worth_a of_o that_o commodity_n and_o the_o rent_n of_o so_o much_o ground_n in_o few_o place_n amount_n to_o a_o
penny_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la nor_o be_v there_o any_o skill_n requisite_a to_o this_o practice_n wherewith_o the_o country_n be_v not_o already_o familiar_a now_o as_o for_o a_o market_n for_o the_o flax_n there_o be_v import_v into_o holland_n itself_o over_o and_o above_o what_o that_o country_n produce_v as_o much_o flax_n as_o be_v there_o sell_v for_o between_o eightscore_o and_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n and_o into_o england_n and_o ireland_n be_v import_v as_o much_o linen_n cloth_n make_v of_o flax_n and_o there_o spend_v as_o be_v worth_a above_o ½_o a_o million_o of_o money_n as_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v show_v wherefore_o have_v show_v that_o silver_n money_n be_v useless_a to_o the_o poor_a people_n of_o ireland_n that_o half_a the_o hearth_n money_n can_v not_o be_v raise_v by_o reason_n thereof_o that_o the_o people_n be_v not_o a_o five_o part_n employ_v that_o the_o people_n and_o land_n of_o ireland_n be_v competent_o qualify_v for_o flax_n that_o one_o pennyworth_n of_o land_n will_v produce_v ten_o shilling_n worth_a of_o the_o same_o and_o that_o there_o be_v market_n enough_o and_o enough_o for_o above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n worth_a i_o conceive_v my_o proposition_n sufficient_o prove_v at_o least_o to_o set_v forward_o and_o promote_v a_o practice_n which_o both_o the_o present_a law_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o country_n do_v require_v especial_o since_o if_o all_o the_o flax_n so_o produce_v shall_v yield_v nothing_o yet_o there_o be_v nothing_o lose_v the_o same_o time_n have_v be_v worse_a spend_v before_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n the_o like_a tax_n of_o 2_o s._n per_fw-la head_n may_v be_v raise_v with_o the_o like_a advantage_n upon_o the_o people_n of_o england_n which_o will_v amount_v to_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o be_v pay_v in_o flax_n manufacture_v into_o all_o the_o sort_n of_o linen_n thread_n tape_n and_o lace_n which_o we_o now_o receive_v from_o france_n flanders_n holland_n and_o germany_n the_o value_n whereof_o do_v far_o exceed_v the_o sum_n last_o mention_v as_o have_v appear_v by_o the_o examination_n of_o particular_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o clothier_n and_o other_o tax_n who_o employ_v great_a number_n of_o poor_a people_n that_o when_o corn_n be_v extreme_o plentiful_a that_o the_o labour_n of_o the_o poor_a be_v proportionable_o dear_a and_o scarce_o to_o be_v have_v at_o all_o so_o licentious_a be_v they_o who_o labour_v only_o to_o eat_v or_o rather_o to_o drink_v wherefore_o when_o so_o many_o acre_n sow_v with_o corn_n as_o do_v usual_o produce_v a_o sufficient_a store_n for_o the_o nation_n shall_v produce_v perhaps_o double_a to_o what_o be_v expect_v or_o necessary_a it_o seem_v not_o unreasonable_a that_o this_o common_a blessing_n of_o god_n shall_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o people_n represent_v by_o their_o sovereign_n much_o rather_o than_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v abuse_v by_o the_o vile_a and_o brutish_a part_n of_o mankind_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o consequent_o that_o such_o surplusage_n of_o corn_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o public_a storehouse_n from_o thence_o to_o be_v dispose_v of_o to_o the_o best_a advantage_n of_o the_o public_a now_o if_o the_o corn_n spend_v in_o england_n at_o five_o shilling_n per_fw-la bushel_n wheat_n and_o two_o shilling_n six_o penny_n barley_n be_v worth_a ten_o million_o communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la it_o follow_v that_o in_o year_n of_o great_a plenty_n when_o the_o say_v grain_n be_v one_o three_o part_n cheap_a that_o a_o vast_a advantage_n may_v accrue_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o now_o be_v spend_v in_o over-feeding_a of_o the_o people_n in_o quantity_n or_o quality_n and_o so_o indispose_v they_o to_o their_o usual_a labour_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o sugar_n tobacco_n and_o pepper_n which_o custom_n have_v now_o make_v necessary_a to_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n and_o which_o the_o over-planting_a of_o they_o have_v make_v unreasonable_o cheap_a i_o say_v it_o be_v not_o absurd_a that_o the_o public_a shall_v be_v advantage_v by_o this_o extraordinary_a plenty_n that_o a_o excise_n shall_v be_v lay_v upon_o corrant_n also_o be_v not_o unreasonable_a not_o only_o for_o this_o but_o for_o other_o reason_n also_o the_o way_n of_o the_o present_a militia_n or_o army_n trained-band_n be_v a_o gentle_a tax_n upon_o the_o country_n because_o it_o be_v only_o a_o few_o day_n labour_v in_o the_o year_n of_o a_o few_o man_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a use_v their_o own_o good_n that_o be_v their_o own_o arms._n now_o if_o there_o be_v three_o million_o of_o male_n in_o england_n there_o be_v above_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o of_o they_o who_o be_v between_o the_o age_n of_o sixteen_o and_o thirty_o unmarried_a person_n and_o who_o live_v by_o their_o labour_n and_o service_n for_o of_o so_o many_o or_o thereabouts_o the_o present_a militia_n consist_v now_o if_o a_o hundred_o and_o five_o thousand_o of_o these_o be_v arm_v and_o train_v as_o foot_n and_o fifty_o thousand_o as_o horse_n horse_n be_v of_o special_a advantage_n in_o island_n the_o say_a force_n at_o land_n with_o thirty_o thousand_o man_n at_o sea_n will_v by_o god_n ordinary_a blessing_n defend_v this_o nation_n be_v a_o island_n against_o any_o force_n in_o view_n but_o the_o charge_n of_o arm_v discipline_a and_o rendezvouse_v all_o these_o man_n twice_o or_o thrice_o a_o year_n will_v be_v a_o very_a gentle_a tax_n levy_v by_o the_o people_n themselves_o and_o pay_v to_o themselves_o moreover_o if_o out_o of_o the_o say_a number_n â…“_n part_n be_v select_v of_o such_o as_o be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o fit_a and_o dispose_v for_o war_n and_o to_o be_v exercise_v and_o rendezvouse_v fourteen_o or_o fifteen_o time_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la the_o charge_n thereof_o be_v but_o a_o fortnight_n pay_n in_o the_o year_n will_v be_v also_o a_o very_a gentle_a tax_n last_o if_o out_o of_o this_o last_o mention_v number_n â…“_n again_o shall_v be_v select_v make_v about_o twelve_o thousand_o foot_n and_o near_o six_o thousand_o horse_n to_o be_v exercise_v and_o rendezvouse_v forty_o day_n in_o the_o year_n i_o say_v that_o the_o charge_n of_o all_o these_o three_o militias_n allow_v the_o latter_a six_o week_n pay_v per_fw-la annum_fw-la will_v not_o cost_v above_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o easy_a burden_n for_o so_o great_a a_o benefit_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o present_a navy_n of_o seaman_n england_n require_v thirty_o six_o thousand_o man_n to_o man_n it_o and_o for_o that_o the_o english_a trade_n of_o ship_n require_v about_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o man_n to_o manage_v it_o also_o it_o follow_v that_o to_o perform_v both_o well_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v about_o seventy_o two_o thousand_o man_n and_o not_o eighty_o four_o thousand_o competent_o qualify_v for_o these_o service_n for_o want_v whereof_o we_o see_v that_o it_o be_v a_o long_a while_n before_o a_o royal_a navy_n can_v be_v man_v which_o till_o it_o be_v be_v of_o no_o effectual_a use_n but_o lie_v at_o charge_n and_o we_o see_v likewise_o upon_o these_o occasion_n that_o merchant_n be_v put_v to_o great_a straits_n and_o inconvenience_n and_o do_v pay_v excessive_a rate_n for_o the_o carry_v on_o their_o trade_n now_o if_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o able_a body_a tradesman_n be_v by_o six_o thousand_o of_o they_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la bring_v up_o and_o fit_v for_o sea-service_n and_o for_o their_o encouragement_n allow_v 20_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la for_o every_o year_n they_o have_v be_v at_o sea_n even_o when_o they_o stay_v at_o home_n not_o exceed_v 6_o l._n for_o those_o who_o have_v serve_v six_o year_n or_o upward_a it_o follow_v that_o about_o 72000_o l._n at_o the_o medium_n of_o 3_o l._n per_fw-la man_n will_v salariate_v the_o whole_a number_n of_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o and_o so_o forasmuch_o as_o half_o the_o seaman_n which_o manage_n the_o merchant_n trade_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v always_o in_o harbour_n and_o be_v about_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o man_n together_o with_o the_o say_v half_a of_o the_o auxilliaries_n last_v mention_v will_v upon_o all_o emergency_n man_n out_o the_o whole_a royal_a navy_n with_o thirty_o six_o thousand_o and_o leave_v to_o the_o merchant_n twelve_o thousand_o of_o the_o able_a auxilliaries_n to_o perform_v their_o business_n in_o harbour_n till_o other_o come_v home_o from_o sea_n and_o thus_o thirty_o six_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o and_o twelve_o thousand_o make_v the_o seventy_o two_o thousand_o above_o mention_v i_o say_v that_o more_o than_o this_o sum_n of_o 7â—000_n l._n be_v fruitless_o spend_v and_o over_o pay_v by_o the_o merchant_n whensoever_o a_o great_a fleet_n be_v to_o be_v fit_v out_o now_o these_o who_o i_o call_v auxilliary_a
seaman_n be_v such_o as_o have_v another_o trade_n beside_o wherewith_o to_o maintain_v themselves_o when_o they_o be_v not_o employ_v at_o sea_n and_o the_o charge_n of_o maintain_v they_o though_o 72000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la i_o take_v to_o be_v little_a or_o nothing_o for_o the_o reason_n abovementioned_a and_o consequent_o a_o easy_a tax_n to_o the_o people_n because_o leavy_v by_o and_o pay_v to_o themselves_o as_o we_o propound_v that_o ireland_n scotland_n shall_v be_v tax_v with_o flax_n and_o england_n by_o linen_n and_o other_o manufacture_n of_o the_o same_o i_o conceive_v that_o scotland_n also_o may_v be_v tax_v as_o much_o to_o be_v pay_v in_o herring_n as_o ireland_n in_o flax_n now_o the_o three_o tax_n viz._n of_o flax_n linen_n and_o herring_n and_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o triple_a militia_n and_o of_o the_o auxilliary_a seaman_n abovementioned_a do_v all_o five_o of_o they_o together_o amount_v to_o one_o million_o of_o money_n the_o raise_n whereof_o be_v not_o a_o million_o spend_v but_o gain_n unto_o the_o commonwealth_n unless_o it_o can_v be_v make_v appear_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o all_o or_o any_o of_o they_o the_o exportation_n of_o woollen_a manufacture_n lead_v and_o tin_n be_v lessen_v or_o of_o such_o commodity_n as_o our_o own_o east_n and_o west_n india_n trade_n do_v produce_v forasmuch_o as_o i_o conceive_v that_o the_o exportation_n of_o these_o last_o mention_v commodity_n be_v the_o touchstone_n whereby_o the_o wealth_n of_o england_n be_v try_v and_o the_o pulse_n whereby_o the_o health_n of_o the_o kingdom_n may_v be_v discern_v chap._n iii_o that_o france_n can_v by_o reason_n of_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a impediment_n be_v more_o powerful_a at_o sea_n than_o the_o english_a or_o hollander_n now_o be_v or_o may_v be_v pour_v at_o sea_n consist_v chief_o of_o england_n man_n able_a to_o fight_v at_o sea_n and_o that_o in_o such_o ship_n as_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o the_o sea_n wherein_o they_o serve_v and_o those_o be_v in_o these_o northern_a sea_n ship_n from_o between_o three_o hundred_o to_o one_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o tun_n and_o of_o those_o such_o as_o draw_v much_o water_n and_o have_v a_o deep_a latch_n in_o the_o sea_n in_o order_n to_o keep_v a_o good_a wind_n and_o not_o to_o fall_v to_o leeward_n a_o matter_n of_o vast_a advantage_n in_o sea_n service_n wherefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v examine_v 1._o whether_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v port_n in_o the_o northern_a sea_n where_o he_o have_v most_o occasion_n for_o his_o fleet_n of_o war_n in_o any_o contest_v with_o england_n able_a to_o receive_v the_o vessel_n abovementioned_a in_o all_o wether_n both_o in_o winter_n and_o summer_n season_n for_o if_o the_o king_n of_o france_n will_v bring_v to_o sea_n a_o equal_a number_n of_o fight_a man_n with_o the_o english_a and_o hollander_n in_o small_a floaty_n leeward_n vessel_n he_o will_v certain_o be_v of_o the_o weak_a side_n for_o a_o vessel_n of_o one_o thousand_o tun_n man_v with_o five_o hundred_o man_n fight_v with_o five_o vessel_n of_o two_o hundred_o tun_n each_o man_v with_o one_o hundred_o man_n apiece_o shall_v in_o common_a reason_n have_v the_o better_a offensive_o and_o defensive_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o great_a ship_n can_v carry_v such_o ordnance_n as_o can_v reach_v the_o small_a one_o at_o a_o far_o great_a distance_n than_o those_o can_v reach_v or_o at_o least_o hurt_v the_o other_o and_o can_v batter_v and_o sink_v at_o a_o distance_n when_o small_a one_o can_v scarce_o pierce_v moreover_o it_o be_v more_o difficult_a for_o man_n out_o of_o a_o small_a vessel_n to_o enter_v a_o tall_a ship_n then_o for_o man_n from_o a_o high_a place_n to_o leap_v down_o into_o a_o low_a nor_o be_v small_a shot_n so_o effectual_a upon_o a_o tall_a ship_n as_o vice_n versa_fw-la and_o as_o for_o vessel_n draw_v much_o water_n and_o consequent_o keep_v a_o good_a wind_n they_o can_v take_v or_o leave_v leeward_n vessel_n at_o pleasure_n and_o secure_v themselves_o from_o be_v board_v by_o they_o moreover_o the_o windward_n ship_n have_v a_o fair_a mark_n at_o a_o leeward_n ship_n than_o vice_n versa_fw-la and_o can_v place_v her_o shot_n upon_o such_o part_n of_o the_o leeward_n vessel_n as_o upon_o the_o next_o tack_v will_v be_v under_o water_n now_o than_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v no_o port_n able_a to_o receive_v large_a windward_n vessel_n between_o dunkirk_n and_o ushant_n what_o other_o ship_n he_o can_v bring_v into_o those_o sea_n will_v not_o be_v considerable_a as_o for_o the_o wide_a ocean_n which_o his_o harbour_n of_o breast_n and_o charente_n do_v look_v into_o it_o afford_v he_o no_o advantage_n upon_o a_o enemy_n there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o latitude_n of_o engage_v or_o not_o even_o when_o the_o party_n be_v in_o sight_n of_o each_o other_o wherefore_o although_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v immense_o rich_a and_o can_v build_v what_o ship_n he_o please_v both_o for_o number_n and_o quality_n yet_o if_o he_o have_v not_o port_n to_o receive_v and_o shelter_n that_o sort_n and_o size_n of_o ship_n which_o be_v fit_a for_o his_o purpose_n the_o say_v riches_n will_v in_o this_o case_n be_v fruitless_a and_o a_o mere_a expense_n without_o any_o return_n or_o profit_n some_o will_v say_v that_o other_o nation_n can_v build_v so_o good_a ship_n as_o the_o english_a i_o do_v indeed_o hope_v they_o can_v but_o because_o it_o seem_v too_o possible_a that_o they_o may_v soon_o or_o late_a by_o practice_n and_o experience_n i_o shall_v not_o make_v use_n of_o that_o argument_n have_v bind_v myself_o to_o show_v that_o the_o impediment_n of_o france_n as_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v natural_a and_o perpetual_a ship_n and_o gun_n do_v not_o fight_v of_o themselves_o but_o man_n who_o act_n and_o manage_v they_o wherefore_o it_o be_v more_o material_a to_o show_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n neither_o have_v nor_o can_v have_v man_n sufficient_a to_o man_n a_o fleet_n of_o equal_a strength_n to_o that_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n viz._n the_o king_n of_o england_n navy_n consist_v defence_n of_o about_o seventy_o thousand_o tun_n of_o ship_n which_o require_v thirty_o six_o thousand_o man_n to_o man_n it_o these_o man_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o eight_o part_n i_o conceive_v that_o one_o eight_o part_n must_v be_v person_n of_o great_a experience_n and_o reputation_n in_o sea_n service_n another_o eight_o part_n must_v be_v such_o as_o have_v use_v the_o sea_n seven_o year_n and_o upward_o half_o of_o they_o or_o 4_o 8_o part_n more_o must_v be_v such_o as_o have_v use_v the_o sea_n above_o a_o twelvemonth_n viz._n two_o three_o four_o five_o or_o six_o year_n allow_v but_o one_o quarter_n of_o the_o whole_a compliment_n to_o be_v such_o as_o never_o be_v at_o sea_n at_o all_o or_o at_o most_o but_o one_o voyage_n or_o upon_o one_o expedition_n so_o that_o at_o a_o medium_n i_o reckon_v that_o the_o whole_a fleet_n must_v be_v man_n of_o three_o or_o four_o year_n growth_n one_o with_o another_o fournier_n a_o late_a judicious_a writer_n make_v france_n it_o his_o business_n to_o persuade_v the_o world_n how_o considerable_a the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v or_o may_v be_v at_o sea_n in_o the_o ninety_o second_o and_o ninety_o three_o page_n of_o his_o hydrography_n say_v that_o there_o be_v one_o place_n in_o brittany_n which_o have_v furnish_v the_o king_n with_o one_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o seaman_n and_o that_o perhaps_o the_o whole_a sea-coast_n of_o france_n may_v have_v furnish_v he_o with_o fifteen_o time_n as_o many_o now_o suppose_v his_o whole_a allegation_n be_v true_a yet_o the_o say_a number_n amount_v but_o to_o twenty_o one_o thousand_o all_o which_o if_o the_o whole_a trade_n of_o ship_n in_o france_n be_v quite_o and_o clean_o abandon_v will_v not_o by_o above_o a_o three_o man_n out_o a_o fleet_n equivalent_a to_o that_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o if_o the_o trade_n be_v but_o bare_o keep_v alive_a there_o will_v not_o be_v one_o three_o parâ—_n man_n enough_o to_o man_n the_o say_v fleet._n but_o if_o the_o ship_n trade_n of_o france_n be_v not_o above_o a_o quarter_n as_o great_a as_o that_o of_o england_n and_o that_o one_o three_o part_n of_o the_o same_o namely_o the_o fish_n trade_n to_o the_o bank_n of_o newfoundland_n be_v not_o peculiar_a nor_o fix_v to_o the_o french_a then_o i_o say_v that_o if_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v power_n to_o press_n man_n can_v under_o two_o or_o three_o month_n time_n man_n his_o fleet_n then_o the_o king_n of_o france_n with_o less_o than_o a_o quarter_n of_o the_o same_o help_n can_v never_o do_v it_o at_o all_o for_o in_o france_n as_o shall_v elsewhere_o be_v show_v there_o be_v not_o above_o
other_o be_v as_o effectual_a as_o the_o thirteen_o in_o point_n of_o strength_n also_o wherefore_o that_o there_o be_v more_o superlucrator_n in_o the_o english_a than_o the_o french_a dominion_n we_o say_v as_o follow_v there_o be_v in_o england_n scotland_n ireland_n subject_n and_o the_o king_n other_o territory_n above_o forty_o thousand_o seaman_n in_o france_n not_o above_o a_o quarter_n so_o many_o but_o one_o seaman_n earn_v as_o much_o as_o three_o common_a husbandman_n wherefore_o this_o difference_n in_o seaman_n add_v to_o the_o account_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n subject_n be_v a_o advantage_n equivalent_a to_o sixty_o thousand_o husbandman_n there_o be_v in_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n and_o all_o other_o the_o king_n of_o england_n territory_n six_o hundred_o thousand_o tun_n of_o ship_n worth_a about_o four_o million_o and_o a_o ½_o of_o money_n and_o the_o annual_a charge_n of_o maintain_v the_o ship_n of_o england_n by_o new_a building_n and_o reparation_n be_v about_o ½_o part_n of_o the_o same_o sum_n which_o be_v the_o wage_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o husbandman_n but_o be_v not_o the_o wage_n of_o above_o ⅓_n part_n of_o so_o many_o artisan_n as_o be_v employ_v upon_o ship_n of_o all_o sort_n viz._n shipright_n calker_n joiner_n carver_n painter_n blockmaker_n rope-maker_n mast-maker_n smith_n of_o several_a sort_n flag-maker_n compass-maker_n brewer_n baker_n and_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o victualler_n all_o sort_n of_o tradesman_n relate_v to_o gun_n and_o gunner_n store_n wherefore_o there_o be_v four_o time_n more_o of_o these_o artisan_n in_o england_n etc._n etc._n than_o in_o france_n they_o further_o add_v to_o the_o account_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n subject_n the_o equivalent_a of_o eighty_o thousand_o husbandman_n more_o 65._o the_o sea-line_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n and_o the_o adjacent_a island_n be_v about_o three_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o mile_n according_a to_o which_o length_n and_o the_o whole_a content_n of_o acre_n the_o say_a land_n will_v be_v a_o oblong_a or_o parallelogram_n figure_n of_o three_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o mile_n long_o and_o about_o twenty_o four_o mile_n broad_a and_o consequent_o every_o part_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n be_v one_o with_o another_o but_o twelve_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n whereas_o france_n contain_v but_o about_o one_o thousand_o mile_n of_o sea_n line_n be_v by_o the_o like_a method_n or_o computation_n about_o sixty_o five_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n side_n and_o consider_v the_o paucity_n of_o port_n in_o comparison_n of_o what_o be_v in_o the_o king_n of_o england_n dominion_n as_o good_a as_o seventy_o mile_n distant_a from_o a_o port_n upon_o which_o ground_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o england_n can_v be_v supply_v with_o all_o gross_a and_o bulkey_a commodity_n of_o foreign_a growth_n and_o manufacture_n at_o far_o cheap_a rate_n than_o france_n can_v be_v viz._n at_o about_o 4_o s._n per_fw-la cent_n cheap_a the_o land_n carriage_n for_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o distance_n between_o england_n and_o france_n from_o a_o port_n be_v so_o much_o or_o near_o thereabouts_o now_o to_o what_o advantage_n this_o conveniency_n amount_v upon_o the_o importation_n and_o exportation_n of_o bulkey_n commodity_n can_v be_v less_o than_o the_o labour_n of_o one_o million_o of_o people_n etc._n etc._n meaning_n by_o bulkey_n commodity_n all_o sort_n of_o timber_n plank_n and_o staff_n for_o cask_n all_o iron_n lead_v stones_n brick_n and_o tile_n for_o building_n all_o corn_n salt_n and_o drink_n all_o flesh_n and_o fish_n and_o indeed_o all_o other_o commodity_n wherein_o the_o gain_n and_o loss_n of_o 4_o s._n per_fw-la cent._n be_v considerable_a where_o note_v that_o the_o like_a wine_n be_v sell_v in_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o france_n for_o four_o or_o five_o pound_n a_o tun_n which_o near_o the_o port_n yield_v 7_o l._n moreover_o matter_n upon_o this_o principal_a the_o decay_n of_o timber_n in_o england_n be_v no_o very_o formidable_a thing_n as_o the_o rebuilding_n of_o london_n and_o of_o the_o ship_n waste_v by_o the_o dutch_a war_n do_v clear_o manifest_v nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o want_n of_o corn_n or_o other_o necessary_a provision_n in_o england_n unless_o the_o wether_n have_v be_v universal_o unseasonable_a for_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o same_o which_o seldom_o or_o never_o happen_v for_o the_o same_o cause_n which_o make_v dearth_n in_o one_o place_n do_v often_o cause_v plenty_n in_o another_o wet_a wether_n be_v propitious_a to_o highland_n which_o drown_v the_o low._n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o poor_a of_o france_n have_v general_o less_o wage_n than_o in_o england_n and_o yet_o their_o victual_n be_v general_o dear_a there_o which_o be_v so_o there_o may_v be_v more_o superlucration_n in_o england_n than_o in_o france_n last_o i_o offer_v it_o to_o the_o consideration_n france_n of_o all_o those_o who_o have_v travel_v through_o england_n and_o france_n whether_o the_o plebeian_n of_o england_n for_o they_o constitute_v the_o bulk_n of_o any_o nation_n do_v not_o spend_v a_o six_o part_v more_o than_o the_o plebeian_n of_o france_n and_o if_o so_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o they_o must_v first_o get_v it_o and_o consequent_o that_o ten_o million_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n subject_n be_v equivalent_a to_o twelve_o of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n to_o the_o thirteen_o million_o at_o which_o the_o french_a nation_n be_v estimate_v people_n it_o will_v here_o be_v object_v that_o the_o splendour_n and_o magnificency_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n appear_v great_a than_o those_o of_o england_n that_o the_o wealth_n of_o france_n must_v be_v proportionable_o great_a than_o that_o of_o england_n but_o that_o do_v not_o follow_v forasmuch_o as_o the_o apparent_a greatness_n of_o the_o king_n do_v depend_v upon_o the_o quota_fw-la pars_fw-la of_o the_o people_n wealth_n which_o he_o levy_v from_o they_o for_o suppose_v of_o the_o people_n to_o be_v equal_o rich_a if_o one_o of_o the_o sovereign_n levy_v a_o five_o part_n and_o another_o a_o fifteen_o the_o one_o seem_v actual_o thrice_o as_o rich_a as_o the_o other_o whereas_o potential_o they_o be_v but_o equal_a have_v thus_o discourse_v of_o the_o territory_n france_n people_n superlucration_n and_o defencibleness_n of_o both_o dominion_n and_o in_o some_o measure_n of_o their_o trade_n so_o far_o as_o we_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v ship_n ship_n and_o nearness_n to_o port_n we_o come_v next_o to_o enlarge_v a_o little_a further_o upon_o the_o trade_n of_o each_o some_o have_v estimate_v that_o there_o be_v not_o above_o three_o hundred_o million_o of_o people_n in_o the_o whole_a world_n whether_o that_o be_v so_o or_o no_o be_v not_o very_o material_a to_o be_v know_v but_o i_o have_v fair_a ground_n to_o conjecture_v and_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o know_v it_o more_o certain_o that_o there_o be_v not_o above_o eighty_o million_o with_o who_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a have_v commerce_n no_o european_n that_o i_o know_v of_o trade_n direct_o nor_o indirect_o where_o they_o do_v not_o so_o as_o the_o whole_a commercial_n world_n or_o world_n of_o trade_n consist_v of_o about_o eighty_o million_o of_o soul_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o i_o further_a estimate_n that_o the_o value_n of_o all_o commodity_n yearly_o exchange_v among_o they_o do_v not_o exceed_v the_o value_n of_o forty_o five_o million_o now_o the_o wealth_n of_o every_o nation_n consist_v chief_o in_o the_o share_n which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o foreign_a trade_n with_o the_o whole_a commercial_n world_n rather_o than_o in_o the_o domestic_a trade_n of_o ordinary_a meat_n drink_v and_o clothes_n etc._n etc._n which_o bring_v in_o little_a gold_n silver_n jewel_n and_o other_o universal_a wealth_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v whether_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n head_n for_o head_n have_v not_o a_o great_a share_n than_o those_o of_o france_n to_o which_o purpose_n it_o have_v be_v consider_v that_o the_o manufacture_n of_o wool_n yearly_o export_v out_o of_o england_n into_o several_a part_n of_o the_o world_n viz._n all_o sort_n of_o cloth_n serges_n stuff_n cotton_n bay_n say_v freeze_v perpetuana_n as_o also_o stocking_n cap_n rug_n etc._n etc._n export_v out_o of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n do_v amount_v unto_o five_o million_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la the_o value_n of_o lead_n tynn_n and_o coal_n to_o be_v five_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n the_o value_n of_o all_o clothes_n householdstuff_n etc._n etc._n carry_v into_o america_n two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n the_o value_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n take_v from_o the_o spaniard_n sixty_o thousand_o pound_n the_o value_n of_o sugar_n indigo_n tobacco_n cotton_n and_o caccao_n bring_v from_o the_o southward_o part_n of_o america_n six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n the_o
value_n of_o the_o fish_n pipe-stave_n mast_n bever_n etc._n etc._n bring_v from_o new-england_n and_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o america_n two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n the_o value_n of_o the_o wool_n butter_n hides_n tallow_n beef_n herring_n pilcher_n and_o salmon_n export_v out_o of_o ireland_n eight_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n the_o value_n of_o the_o coal_n salt_n linen_n yarn_n herring_n pilcher_n salmon_n linnen-cloth_n and_o yarn_n bring_v out_o of_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n 500000_o l._n the_o value_n of_o salt_n peter_n pepper_n calico_n diamond_n drug_n and_o silk_n bring_v out_o of_o the_o east-indies_n above_o what_o be_v spend_v in_o england_n eight_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n the_o value_n of_o the_o slave_n bring_v out_o of_o africa_n to_o serve_v in_o our_o american_n plantation_n twenty_o thousand_o pound_n which_o with_o the_o freight_n of_o english_a ship_n trade_n into_o foreign_a part_n be_v above_o a_o million_o and_o a_o ½_o make_v in_o all_o ten_o million_o one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o thousand_o pound_n which_o computation_n be_v sufficient_o justify_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o three_o kingdom_n who_o intrinsic_a value_n be_v think_v to_o be_v near_o a_o million_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la viz._n six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n payable_a to_o the_o king_n 100_o thousand_o pound_n for_o the_o charge_n of_o collect_v etc._n etc._n two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n smuckle_v by_o the_o merchant_n and_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n gain_v by_o the_o farmer_n according_a to_o common_a opinion_n and_o man_n saying_n and_o this_o agree_v also_o with_o that_o proportion_n or_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a trade_n of_o the_o world_n which_o i_o have_v estimate_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o be_v possess_v of_o viz._n of_o about_o ten_o of_o forty_o five_o million_o but_o the_o value_n of_o the_o french_a commodity_n bring_v into_o england_n notwithstanding_o some_o currant_n estimate_n be_v not_o above_o one_o million_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o the_o value_n of_o all_o they_o export_v into_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o not_o above_o three_o or_o four_o time_n as_o much_o which_o computation_n also_o agree_v well_o enough_o with_o the_o account_n we_o have_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o france_n so_o as_o france_n not_o export_v above_o ½_o the_o value_n of_o what_o england_n do_v and_o for_o that_o all_o the_o commodity_n of_o france_n except_o wine_n brandy_n paper_n and_o the_o first_o pattern_n and_o fashion_n for_o clothes_n and_o furniture_n of_o which_o france_n be_v the_o mint_n be_v imitable_a by_o the_o english_a and_o have_v withal_o more_o people_n than_o england_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o people_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n have_v head_n for_o head_n thrice_o as_o much_o foreign_a trade_n as_o the_o people_n of_o france_n and_o about_o two_o part_n of_o nine_o of_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o whole_a commercial_n world_n and_o about_o two_o part_n in_o seven_o of_o all_o the_o ship_n notwithstanding_o all_o which_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o the_o king_n and_o some_o great_a man_n of_o france_n appear_v more_o rich_a and_o splendid_a than_o those_o of_o the_o like_a quality_n in_o england_n all_o which_o arise_v rather_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o government_n than_o from_o the_o intrinsic_a and_o natural_a cause_n of_o wealth_n and_o power_n chap._n v._o that_o the_o impediment_n of_o england_n greatness_n be_v but_o contingent_a and_o removable_a the_o first_o impediment_n of_o england_n impediment_n greatness_n be_v that_o the_o territo_n rise_z thereunto_o belong_v be_v too_o far_o asunder_o and_o divide_v by_o the_o sea_n into_o many_o several_a island_n and_o country_n and_o i_o may_v say_v into_o so_o many_o kingdom_n and_o several_a government_n viz._n there_o be_v three_o distinct_a legislative_a power_n in_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n the_o which_o instead_o of_o unite_n together_o do_v often_o cross_v one_o another_o interest_n put_v bar_n and_o impediment_n upon_o one_o another_o trade_n not_o only_o as_o if_o they_o empire_n be_v foreigner_n to_o each_o other_o but_o sometime_o as_o enemy_n 2._o the_o island_n of_o jersey_n and_o gernsey_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n be_v under_o jurisdiction_n different_a from_o those_o either_o of_o england_n scotland_n or_o ireland_n 3._o the_o government_n of_o new-england_n both_o civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a do_v so_o differ_v from_o that_o of_o his_o majesty_n other_o dominion_n that_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o say_v what_o may_v be_v the_o consequence_n of_o it_o and_o the_o government_n of_o the_o other_o plantation_n do_v also_o differ_v very_o much_o from_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n although_o there_o be_v not_o natural_o substantial_a reason_n from_o the_o situation_n trade_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o people_n why_o there_o shall_v be_v such_o difference_n from_o all_o which_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o small_a divide_a remote_a government_n be_v seldom_o able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o the_o burden_n of_o protect_v of_o they_o all_o must_v lie_v upon_o the_o chief_a kingdom_n england_n and_o so_o all_o the_o small_a kingdom_n and_o dominion_n instead_o of_o be_v addition_n be_v real_o dimunition_n but_o the_o same_o be_v remedy_v by_o make_v two_o such_o grand_a council_n as_o may_v equal_o represent_v the_o whole_a empire_n one_o to_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o king_n the_o other_o by_o the_o people_n the_o wealth_n of_o a_o king_n be_v threefold_a one_o be_v the_o wealth_n of_o his_o subject_n the_o second_o be_v the_o quota_fw-la pars_fw-la of_o his_o subject_n wealth_n give_v he_o for_o the_o public_a defence_n honour_n and_o ornament_n of_o the_o people_n and_o to_o manage_v such_o undertake_n for_o the_o common_a good_a as_o no_o one_o or_o a_o few_o private_a man_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o three_o sort_n be_v the_o quota_fw-la of_o the_o last_o mention_n quota_fw-la pars_fw-la which_o the_o king_n may_v dispose_v of_o as_o his_o own_o personal_a inclination_n and_o discretion_n shall_v direct_v he_o without_o account_n now_o it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o the_o aforementioned_a distance_n and_o difference_n of_o kingdom_n and_o jurisdiction_n be_v great_a impediment_n to_o all_o the_o say_v several_a sort_n of_o wealth_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o follow_a particular_n first_o in_o case_n of_o war_n with_o foreign_a nation_n england_n common_o bear_v the_o whole_a burden_n and_o charge_n whereby_o many_o in_o england_n be_v utter_o undo_v second_o england_n sometime_o prohibit_v the_o commodity_n of_o ireland_n and_o scotland_n as_o of_o late_o it_o do_v the_o cattle_n flesh_n and_o fish_n of_o ireland_n do_v not_o only_o make_v food_n and_o consequent_o labour_n dear_a in_o england_n but_o also_o have_v force_v the_o people_n of_o ireland_n to_o fetch_v those_o commodity_n from_o france_n holland_n and_o other_o place_n which_o before_o be_v sell_v they_o from_o england_n to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n of_o both_o nation_n three_o it_o occasion_n a_o unnecessary_a trouble_n and_o charge_n in_o collect_v of_o custom_n upon_o commodity_n pass_v between_o the_o several_a nation_n four_o it_o be_v a_o damage_n to_o our_o barbadoes_n and_o other_o american_n trade_n that_o the_o good_n which_o may_v pass_v thence_o immediate_o to_o several_a part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o to_o be_v sell_v at_o moderate_a rate_n must_v first_o come_v into_o england_n and_o there_o pay_v duty_n and_o afterward_o if_o at_o all_o pass_v into_o those_o country_n whither_o they_o may_v have_v go_v immediate_o five_o the_o island_n of_o jersey_n and_o gernsey_n be_v protect_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o england_n nevertheless_o the_o labour_n and_o industry_n of_o that_o people_n which_o be_v very_o great_a redound_v most_o to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o french_a six_o in_o new-england_n there_o be_v vast_a number_n of_o able_a body_a englishman_n employ_v chief_o in_o husbandry_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v breed_v of_o cattle_n whereas_o ireland_n will_v have_v contain_v all_o those_o person_n and_o at_o worst_a will_v have_v afford_v they_o land_n on_o better_a term_n than_o they_o have_v they_o in_o america_n if_o not_o some_o other_o better_a trade_n withal_o than_o now_o they_o can_v have_v seven_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o other_o plantation_n although_o they_o do_v indeed_o plant_v commodity_n which_o will_v not_o grow_v so_o well_o in_o england_n yet_o grasp_a at_o more_o land_n than_o will_v suffice_v to_o produce_v the_o say_a exotiic_n in_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n to_o serve_v the_o whole_a world_n they_o do_v therein_o but_o distract_v and_o confound_v the_o effect_n of_o their_o own_o endeavour_n eight_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n that_o the_o same_o people_n far_o and_o wide_o disperse_v must_v spend_v more_o upon_o their_o government_n and_o protection_n than_o the_o same_o live_v compact_o