which had been for some time buried under ground and was dug up a perfect stone More to the East Tuddington shews it's beautiful house lately built by H. Lord Cheney 12 Made by Queen Elizabeth Baron Cheyney of Tuddington built and shortly after dy'd sans-issue where also formerly Paulinus Pever a Courtier and Sewer to King Henry 3. did as Matth. Paris tells us build a seat with such palace-like grandeur such a Chapel such Lodgings with other houses of stone cover'd with lead and surrounded it with such ‖ Pomoeâ—â— avenues and parks that it rais'd an astonishment in the beholders We have not gone far from this place along by Hockley in the hole a dirty road extreme troublesome to travellers in winter time 13 For the old Englishmen our Progenitors call'd deep mire hock and hocks and through fields wherein are the best beans yielding a pleasant smell but by their fragrancy spoiling the scent of dogs not without the great indignation of the Hunters till we ascend a white hill into Chiltern and presently come to Dunstable Duâ—stabâ—e seated in a chalky ground pretty well inhabited and full of Inns. It has 4 streets answering the 4 quarters of the world and because of the dryness of the soil every one has 4 publick * Lacunâ— ponds which tho' supply'd only with rain-water are yet never dry For springs they can come at none without digging 24 fathom deep In the middle of the town there is a Cross or rather a Pillar having engraven upon it the Arms of England Castile and Pontieu and adorn'd with Statues it was built by K. Edw. 1. in memory of his Queen Eleanor among some others in places through which she was carry'd 14 Out of Lincolnshire in Funeral pomp to Westminster There 's no manner of doubt to be made but that this was the Station which Antoninus the Emperour in his Itinerary mentions under the name of Magioninium Magiovinium Magiovinium and Magintum c Mr. Camden in his second edition 8o. settl'd it at Ashwell in Hertfordshire nor need it be sought in any other place For setting aside that it stands upon the Roman Military way the Swineherds now and then in the neighbouring fields find Coins of the Emperors which they call to this day Madning-money and at a little distance upon the very descent of Chiltern-hills there is a round military fortification such as Strabo has told us the British towns were It contains 9. acres and is call'd Madning-bowre and Madin-bowre a name wherein with a little variation one may easily discover Magintum But after Magintum either by the storms of war or time was destroy'd Henry 1. built another Town here with a Royal seat at Kingsbury and planted a Colony that should be a curb to the insolence of Robbers as the private History of the little Monastery which he founded for an ornament to his Colony does plainly testifie But take the very words of that private History tho' they savour something of the barbarity of that age It is to be observ'd that that * Aâ—ea structure at the meeting of the way of Watling and Ikening d Primitus sartabatur in the folio edition but in the second which was in 8o. we find in the margin primitus succidebantur was first contriv'd by Henry the Elder of that name King of England to prevent the mischiefs of one Dun a famous Robber and his Gang and that from this Dun the place was call'd Dunstable i Our Lord the King built a burrough there and a Royal seat for himself near it The Burgesses were free in every thing as the other Burgesses of the King's Realm The King had in the same village a Fair and Market and afterwards built a Church wherein by the authority of Pope Eugenius 3. he plac'd Canons Regular feoffing the said Religious in the whole Burrough by Charter and granting them several immunities k 15 As for Leighton Buzard on the one side of Dunstable and Luton on the other neither have I read nor seen any thing memorable in them unless I should say that at Luton I saw a fair Church but the Quire then roofless and overgrown with weeds and adjoyning to it an elegant Chapel founded by J. Lord Wenlock and well maintained by the family of Rotheram planted here by Thomas Rotheram Archbishop of York and Chancellour of England in the time of King Edw. 4. Now of the Lords Dukes and Earls of Bedford Dâ—kes Earls and Barons of Bâ—â—â—ord First there were Barons of Bedford of the family of Beauchamp who by right of inheritance were Almoners to the Kings of England on their Coronation-day But the estate being divided by daughters to the Mowbrays Wakes and Fitz-Otes King Edward 3. made Engelram de Coucy Earl of Soissons in France 16 Son to Engelrame Lord of Coucy and his wife daughter to the Duke of Austria to whom he had marry'd a daughter first Earl of Bedford Afterwards Henry 5. erected Bedford into a Dukedom and it had three Dukes the first was John third son of Henry 4. who beat the French in a sea-engagement at the mouth of the Seine and again being made Regent of France 17 Slain in a land-fight at Vernolium He was bury'd at Roan and the Fortune of England as to the French wars was bury'd with him Whose monument while Charles 8. King of France was a viewing and a Nobleman stood by that advis'd him to pull it down Nay says he let him rest in peace now he 's dead whom France dreaded in the field while alive The second Duke of Bedford was George Nevil a young boy son of John Marquess of Montacute both of whom K. Edw 4. degraded by Act of Parliament almost assoon as he had set them up the father for treachery in deserting his party and the son out of revenge to the father Tho' it was indeed urg'd as a pretence that he had not estate enough to bear out the grandeur of a Duke and that great men when they want answerable Fortunes are always a plague and burthen to their neighbours The third was Jasper de Hatfeld Earl of Pembroke honour'd with this title by his * Nepote grandchild Hen. 7. whom he had sav'd out of very great dangers but 18 Some ten years after his creation he tho' he liv'd to a great age dy'd unmarry'd But within the memory of our Fathers it return'd to the title of an Earldom when King Edward 6. created John Russel Earl of Bedford who was succeeded by his son 19 Sir Francis Francis a person of that piety and gentile easiness of temper that whatever I can possibly say in his commendation will fall infinitely short of his Virtues He left Edward his successor and grandchild by his son Francis who is growing up by degrees to the honour of his Ancestors This little County has 116 Parishes ADDITIONS to BEDFORDSHIRE a ON the west-side of
before the See was remov'd to Lincoln It was rebuilt by Remigius the first Bishop of Lincoln and in Stow-park a little mile from the Church there was an Abby re-edified by the same Bishop but the Monks were soon remov'd from it by Robert Bloett the second Bishop of Lincoln to the Abbey of Eynsham near Oxford It was afterwards made a Bishop's seat but there is little of the ancient ruins now to be seen In the parish of Stow is a village call'd Stretton from the old causey running that way as if one should say the Street-town and in a field belonging to that place are a great many Ophites or stones roll'd up like serpents ee From hence we come to Gainesburrow Gainesborrow wherein as * Itin. p. 24. Leland says upon the south part of the town is an old chapel of stone in which 't is reported by the inhabitants that many Danes were bury'd that there is also the remains of another chapel of wood on the side of Trent now quite demolish'd At present the right honourable Baptist Noel has his title of Earl from this place A little above Gainesburrow through the end of a Country town call'd Marton Marton Mr. Foxcroft has observ'd that a Roman way goes into this County It comes from Danum i.e. Doncaster to Agelocum now Littleburrow from whence it goes to Lindum Lincoln 'T is a great road for pack-horses which travel from the west of Yorkshire to Lincoln Lyn and Norwich The ferry upon the river Trent is one side in Nottinghamshire and the other in Lincolnshire A quarter of a mile from Marton abovemention'd there are yet remaining two or three considerable pieces of Roman pavement or Causeway which may be easily observ'd by travellers of ordinary curiosity ff In this part of the County it is that Mr. Camden has in general settl'd the ancient Sidnacester but without determining it to any particular place If one should take the liberty of a conjecture and settle it at Stow there would not want several probabilities to warrant it That the See now at Lincoln was once at Dorchester near Oxford is agreed upon by all that likewise Eadhed was made Bishop of Sidnacester in the year 678. and that he was succeeded by several other Bishops under the same title is as plain But after Eadulf's death when it had been vacant about 80 years it was by Leofwin united to Dorchester as that of Leicester had been before it The sixth from Leofwin was Eadnoth who as the intermediate Bishops had done enjoy'd the title of Dorchester and under that of Sidnacester and Leicester This was that Eadnoth who built the Church of our Lady in Stow and died An. 1050. Now where can we imagine a Bishop of Sidnacester should so probably build a Church as at Sidnacester And whence would he sooner take his pattern or platform than from his own Cathedral of Dorchester But it appears by the enquiries of an ingenious Gentleman in those parts that there is a very near resemblance between the two Churches of Dorchester and Stow. And if they have been since rebuilt we may probably conclude that the same form notwithstanding was still kept The See of Legecester or Leicester is concluded to have been where St. Margaret's now stands and as that is a Peculiar a Prebend and I think an Archdeaconry so is Stow too Besides the present Privileges of this place are greater than any hereabouts except Lincoln and they have formerly exceeded even that For that it was famous before Lincoln was a Bishop's See is beyond dispute and 't is a common notion in those parts both of learned and unlearned that Stow was anciently the mother-Church to Lincoln The steeple of the Church tho' large has been much greater than it is and Alfrick Puttock Archbishop of York An. 1023. when he gave two great Bells to Beverley-steeple which he had built and two others of the same mold to Southwell bestow'd two upon this Stow. Here is likewise a place call'd yet by the name of Gallow-dale suppos'd to have been the place of execution for malefactors which among other marks of antiquity tho' it have no relation to the affairs of the Church is yet a testimony to the eminence of the place But there is one thing still lies in our way for in the * Anglâ—â— Sacra Pâ— 2. p. 411 Lives of the Bishops of Lincoln written by Giraldus we meet with these words Remigius sedem suam Cathedralem à loco nimis incongruo obscuro ad urbem praeclaram locum competentem sc Lincolniam transferre curavit nec non hoc quoque quod Lyndeseiam totam ab Humbro marino ad Withemam fluvium qui Lincolniam permeat penetrat per tanta terrarum spatia contra adversarium tantum tamque potentem Metropolitanum sc Eboracensem innata quadam prudentiâ praeditus gratia quoque desuper divinitus adjutus tam provinciae Cantuariensi quam Dioecesi Lincolniensi stabiliter aeque potenter adjecit Now if all Lindsey belong'd to the Archbishop of York till Remigius's time who liv'd since the Conquest the old Sidnacester united afterwards to Dorchester perhaps can hardly be plac'd reasonably within the compass of that Division NOTTINGHAM SHIRE by Robt. Morden Continuation of the EARLS After Henry Fiennes son of Edward Lord High Admiral of England the title of Earl of Lincoln was successively enjoy'd by Thomas and Theophilus of the same name The latter of these was succeeded by Edward Lord Clinton his grandchild by his eldest son Edward At present the right honourable Henry Clinton is in possession of this title More rare Plants growing wild in Lincolnshire Atriplex maritima Halimus dicta humilis erecta semine folliculis membranaceis bivalvibus in latitudinem expansis utrinque recurvis longo pediculo insidentibus clauso Near Sairbeck a village about a mile distant from Boston plentifully Dr. Plukenet Alsine Polygonoides tenuifolia flosculis ad longitudinem caulis velut in spicam dispositis Polygonum angustissimo gramineo folio erectum Bot. Monsp Chickweed-Knottgrass with very narrow leaves and flowers set along the stalks as it were in spikes Carum vulgare Park Caraways In the marshes and fenny grounds plentifully Cannabis spuria flore amplo labio purpureo Fair-flower'd Nettle-Hemp About Spalding plentifully Cochlearia major rotundifolia Garden Scurvy-grass In the marshes in Holland and in many other places near the sea-side Oenanthe Staphylini folio aliquatenus accedens J. B. In the marsh ditches and slow streams of water in the parish of Quaplod near Spalding Lapathum folio acuto flore aureo C. B. Golden Dock About Crowland and in other places of the Fens Pneumonanthe Ger. Gentianella Autumnalis Pneumonanthe dicta Park Gentiana palustris angustifolia C. B. Gentianae species Calathina quibusdam radice perpetua seu palustris J. B. Marsh Gentian or Calathian Violet In a Park at Tattershall and on the heathy grounds thereabout also on a
duties and therefore 't is not strange that a Colony should be converted into a Municipium But to what purpose is this nicety For the difference between those two words is not always precisely observ'd in the History of the Caesars but sometimes both Colonia and Municipium promiscuously apply'd to one and the same place Yet from the Coins before-mention'd I dare hardly affirm this Colony to have been planted here by Severus seeing Ptolemy 13 And Antonine himself tells us that in the time of the Antonines this was the station of the sixth Legion However we read that Severus Severus had his Palace here and that he died in this city with these words in his mouth The Common-wealth was disorder'd in all parts when I receiv'd it yet I leave it all in peace and good temper even to the Britains His Corps were also brought out after the Roman manner by the Souldiers and committed to the flames and the day solemniz'd with races by his sons and souldiers at a certain place under the town not far to the west near Ackham where stands yet a huge mount which Radulphus Niger tells us was in his time call'd Sivers from Severus His ashes were preserv'd in a golden Urn or a vessel of Porphyrite-stone and transferr'd to Rome where it was laid in the monument of the Antonines I must not forget to take notice that there stood a Temple dedicated to Bellona in this City for Spartian speaking of the City says That Severus coming into it Bellona's Temple and intending to offer sacrifice was first conducted to the Temple of Bellona by a mistake of an ignorant Augur And that it was then so happy as to have justice administred to it by that great Oracle of the Law Aemilius Paulus Papinianus Forcatulus has told us From this City the Emperours Severus and Antoninus upon a question arising about the sense of the Law dated their Rescript de Rei Vindicatione About a hundred years after the death of Severus Constantius Chlorus Fla. Val. Constantius sirnam'd Chlorus an excellent Emperour endow'd with all moral and christian virtues came to this City as the Panegyrist has it the Gods calling him hither as to the remotest part of the world Here he died likewise and was afterwards deified as appears by the old Coins And tho' Florilegus tells us that his Tomb was found in Wales as I have already observ'd yet I have been inform'd by credible persons that at the suppression of Monasteries in the last age there was found a Lamp burning in the vault of a little Chapel here and Constantius was thought to be buried there Lazius tells us that the ancients had an art of dissolving gold into a fat liquor and of preparing it so that it would continue burning in the Sepulchres for many ages Constantine the Great Constantius by his first wife Helena had issue Constantinus Maximus in Inscriptions stiled Romanae Urbis Liberator Quietis fundator and Reipublicae instaurator who here received the last gasp of his dying father and was immediately made Emperour The Souldiers as the Panegyrist says regarding rather the benefit of the State than their own private interests cast the robes upon him whilst he wept and clapt spurs to his horse to avoid the importunity of the army attempting at that instant to make him Emperour but at last his modesty gave way to the happiness of the State And therefore he exclaims at last O fortunate Britain now blessed above all Nations for having seen Constantine first Emperour Again Liberavit ille Britannias servitute tu etiam nobiles illic oriendo fecisti i.e. He rescued the Britains from slavery but thou hast enobled them by being born there For in the judgment of the learned Baronius and others this passage refers to the native Country of Constantine But I will not here repeat what I have already said From all this it may be inferr'd what figure Eboracum then made in the world seeing it was the Seat of the Roman Emperours Our own Historians tell us pp This account is not too well grounded See Fuller's Churâ—h Hist A. D. 305. that it was made an Episcopal See by Constantius But that Taurinus the Martyr Bishop of the Eburovices or Eureux presided here I am not inclin'd with others Vincentii Speculum Historiale to believe for Vincentius by whom they were tainted with this errour would confute me with his own words When the Romans withdrew themselves and left Britain a prey to barbarous Nations such a weighty share of miseries fell to this City that towards the end of the Scotch and Saxon wars it was nothing but the mere fame and Echo of what it had been For when Paulinus preached Christianity to the Saxons of this Province it was reduced so low that the whole City could not afford so much as a small Church wherein to baptize King Edwin who in the year 627. rais'd a fabrick of wood for Divine Service and after that intending to build another of stone he had hardly laid the foundation but he died leaving the work to be finisht by his successor King Oswald From this time the City began to be great in Ecclesiastical affairs Pope Honorius sent it a Pall Scotland formerly subjeâ—â— to the Arch-bishop of York See in Scotland and it was made a Metropolitan City endowed with soveraignty not only over twelve Sees here in England but over all the Bishopricks of Scotland But Scotland hath disown'd her Prerogative many years since and she her self hath swallowed up several small inconsiderable Bishopricks hereabouts so that the whole Province is now reduc'd to the four Sees of Durham Chester Carlisle and Man or Sodor in the Isle of Man Egbert an Arch-bishop of this See who lived about the year 740. founded a noble Library The Library here these are the words of Malmsbury a Treasury and Cabinet if I may so express my self enrich'd with all Arts and Sciences Of which also Alcuinus of York who was Tutor to Charles the great the first Author of an Academy at Paris as also the great glory of this City makes mention of it in his Epistle to the said Charles the great Flâ—ccus Alcuinus or Albinus flourish'd about 780. Give me such excellent and learned Books for Scholastick Divinity as I have seen in my own Country collected by the useful and pious industry of Egbert Arch-bishop And if it seem proper to your Wisdom I will send some of your own servants who may copy out of them such things as be necessary and so transport the flowers of Britain into France that this garden may no longer be confined to York but somethirg of that Paradise may be transplanted to q Here Alcuinus dy'd A. D. 780. and was buried in a s all Convent appendant to his Monastery of St. Martin's where he was Abbot Fuller's Worth p. 227. from Bale who ranks him the third English man for learning Tours
The Church of York was by the Princes of that time endow'd with many large possessions especially by Ulphus the son â—f Toraldus which I the rather note from an old bâ—ok that a strange way of endowing heretofore may be took notice of This Ulphus govern'd in the west parts of Deira and by reason of a difference like to happen between his eldest son and his youngest about the Lordships after his death he presently took this course to make them equal Without delay he went to York and taking the horn wherein he was wont to drink with him he fill'd it with wine and kneeling upon his knees before the Altar bestow'd upon God and the blessed S. Peter Prince of the Apostles all his Lands and Tenements This horn was kept there to the last age as I have been informed It would seem to reflect upon the Clergy if I should relate the emulations and scuffles which ambition has raised between the two Sees of York and Canterbury whilst with great expence of money but more of reputation they warmly contended for pre-eminence T. 〈◊〉 r This Controversie was determin'd in Arch-bishop Thoresby's time A. D. 1353. at the special solicitation of King Edward â— qui corpoâ—um animarum pericula considerans ac pacem quietem populi sui affectans dictos Archiepiscopos ad pacis concordiam invitavit Yet so as that the Arch-bishops of York might legally write themselves Primate of England Anglia Sacra par 1. p. 74. For as one relates it the See of York was equal in dignity tho' it was the younger and the poorer sister and this being raised to the same power that the See of Canterbury was and endowed with the same Apostolical privileges took it very heinously to be made subject by the decree of P. Alexander declaring that the Arch-bishoprick of York ought to yield to that of Canterbury and pay an obedience to her as Primate of all Britain in all her Constitutions relating to the Christian Religion It falls not within the compass of my design to treat of the Arch-bishops of this See many of whom have been men of great virtue and holiness 'T is enough for me to observe that from the year 625. when Paulinus the first Arch-bishop was consecrated there have succeeded in it threescore and five Arch-bishops The 〈◊〉 sixth Aâ—â—bishâ—p to the year 1606. in which D. Tobias Matthews Venerable for his virtue and piety for his learned eloquence and for his indefatigable industry in teaching was translated hither from the Bishoprick of Durham mm This City very much flourish'd for some time under the Saxon Government till the Danish storms from the North began to rush on and spoil'd its beauty again by great ruins and dismal slaughter Which Alcuin in his Epistle to Egelred King of the Northumbrians seems to have foretold For he says What can be the meaning of that shower of blood which in Lent we saw at York the Metropolis of the Kingdom near St. Peter's Church descending with great horrour from the roof of the North part of the House in a clear day May not one imagine that this forebodes destruction and blood among us from that quarter For in the following age when the Danes laid every thing they came at waste and desolate this City was destroy'd with continual sufferings In the year 867. the walls of it were so shaken by the many assaults made upon them that Osbright and Ella Kings of Northumberland as they pursued the Danes in these parts easily broke into the City and after a bloody conflict in the midst of it were both slain leaving the victory to the Danes who had retired hither Hence that of William of Malmesbury York ever most obnoxious to the fury of the northern nations hath sustained the barbarous assaults of the Danes and groaned under the miseries it hath suffered But as the same author informs us King Athelstan took it from the Danes and demolish'd that castle wherewith they had fortified it Nor in after-ages was it quite rid of those wars in that especially which was so fatal for the subversion of Cities But the Normans as they put an end to these miseries so they almost brought destruction to York For when the sons of Sueno the Dane arrived here with a fleet of two hundred and forty sail Aâ—fâ—â—◠〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 Burleâ—â— Treasâ—â— of Eâ—gâ— and landed hard by the Normans who kept garrison in two castles in the city fearing lest the houses in the suburbs might be serviceable to the enemy in filling up the trenches set them on fire which was so encreased and dispersed by the wind that it presently spread about the whole city and set it all on fire In this disorder and hurry the Danes took the town putting the Townsmen and the Normans to the sword with great slaughter yet sparing William Mallet and Gilbert Gant the principal men among them for a Decimation Deciâ—â—â—â—on among the soldiers afterwards For every tenth prisoner of the Normans on whom the lot fell was executed Which so exasperated William the Conquerour that as if the citizeâ—s had sided with the Danes he cut them all off and set the City again on fire and as Malmesbury says so spoiled all the adjacent territory that a fruitful Province was quite disabled and useless that the country for sixty miles together lay so much neglected that a stranger would have lamented at the sight of it considering that formerly here had been fine cities high towers and rich pastures and that no former inhabitant would so much as know it The ancient greatness of the place may appear from Domesday In the time of Edward the Confessor the City of York contained six Shires or Divisions besides the Shire of the Archbishop One was wasted for the castles in the five remaining Shires there were 1428 houses inhabited and in the Shire of the Archbishop two hundred houses inhabited After all these overthrows Necham sings thus of it Visito quam foelix Ebraucus condidit urbem Petro se debet Pontificalis apex Civibus haec toties viduata novisque repleta Diruta prospexit moenia saepe sua Quid manus hostilis queat est experta frequenter Sed quid nunc pacis otia longa fovent There happy Ebrauk's lofty towers appear Which owe their mitre to St. Peter's care How oft in dust the hapless town hath lain How oft it's walls hath chang'd how oft it's men How oft the rage of sword and flames hath mourn'd But now long peace and lasting joy 's return'd For in his days these troublesome times being followed with a long and happy peace this city began to revive and continued flourishing notwithstanding it was often marked out for destruction by our own Rebels and the Scotch Yet in King Stephen's time it was most sadly ruined again by a casual fire which burnt down the Cathedral St. Mary's Monastery and other Religious houses and also as 't is supposed that
famous in the last age for the death of Justinian a holy man who in that fruitful age of saints retired hither out of Bretagne in France and devoted himself wholly to God in a Hermit's course of life was at last slain by a servant and canoniz'd for a martyr In the history of his life this Island is often call'd Insula Lemenia which word together with the name of Limen as the Britains call it shews the greatness of their absurdity who would have the Island next above it to be Ptolemy's Limnos called at present by the Welsh Enhly and by the English Berdsey Berdsey that is an Island of Birds One would think from the signification of the word that this is that which Ptolemy calls Edri Edri and Pliny Andros or Adros as some Copies have it For Ader among the Britains signifies a bird and so the English in the same sense have afterwards call'd it Berdsey The name Enhly is more modern deriv'd from a certain Religious person that lived a Hermit here For this very Isle which on the east shoots out in a high promontory but on the west is champaign and fertile has been formerly inhabited by so many saints that without reckoning Dubritius and Merlin the Calidonian no fewer than 20000 faints are said by ancient histories to lie buried here Next to this is Mona Mona or the Isle of Anglesey Anglesey call'd by the Britains Mon Tir-Mon and Inis Dowyli that is the Dark Island and by the Saxons Monege whereof I have already spoken Near Anglesey lies these three lesser Islands Moyl Rhoniad that is the Isle of Seals to the north west This was unjustly with-held by certain usurpers from the Bishops of Bangor to whom it belong'd till Henry Deney Bishop of Bangor as we read in the history of Canterbury recover'd it by the assistance of a fleet and army in Henry the seventh's time To the east lies Ynis Ligod that is the Isle of mice and under that Prestholmé i.e. the Isle of Priests where I saw nothing but the tower steeple of S. Cyriac's Chapel visible at a great distance The neighbours report incredible things of the infinite breed and number of sea-fowls here and what 's no less strange that a causey went from hence through the very sea to the foot of that huge mountain Pen-Maen-Maur for the convenience of such as came in pilgrimage hither I take no notice of Lambey Lambey a small Island over-against this upon the Irish shore though Alum has been sought for in it at great charge by the metal-men The Isle of Man More northward lies the Mona which Caesar mentions situated as he says in the middle between Britain and Ireland Mona or Menavia Ptolemy calls it Monoeda or Moneitha that is to say if I may be allowed to conjecture the more remote Mona to distinguish it from the other Mona or Anglesey Pliny terms it Monabia Orosius Menavia Lib. 2. c. 9. In a certain copy of Ninniu◠it is call'd Manau Guotodin and Bede Menavia secunda in whom Mona or Anglesey is called Menavia prior and both British Islands yet I must note that this is falsly read Mevania in these Writers Ninius who goes also by the name of Gildas calls it Eubonia and Manaw the Britains call it Menaw the Inhabitants Maning and the English the Isle of Man lying stretch'd in the middle between the north parts of Ireland and Britain says Giraldus Cambrensis which raised no small stir among the ancients in deciding to which of the territories it most properly belong'd At last this difference was thus adjusted Forasmuch as the venemous worms would live here that were brought over for experiment's sake it was generally thought to belong to Britain Yet the Inhabitants are very like the Irish both in their speech and manners and not without something of the Norwegians in them It lies out from north to south for about thirty Italian miles in length but in the widest part of it is hardly above fifteen miles broad nor above eight in the narrowest In Bede's time it contained three hundred families and Mona nine hundred and sixty But at present it can reckon 17 parish churches Here flax and hemp grow in great plenty and here are good pastures and corn-fields which produce barley and wheat but especially oats in great abundance for this reason the people generally feed upon oat-bread Here are likewise great herds of cattle and many flocks of sheep but both the sheep and cattle are like those in their neighbour Country Ireland much less than in England and not so well headed The want of wood for fuel here is supplied by a bituminous kind of turf in digging for which they often light upon trees lying buried under-ground Towards the middle this Isle is mountainous the highest hill is Sceafell from which they can see Scotland England and Ireland in a clear day The chief town is Russin situated towards the north side of the Island which from a castle and garison in it is commonly called Castle-town where within a little Isle Pope Gregory the 4th erected an Episcopal See Episcopus Sodorensis the Bishop whereof named Sodorensis from the Island as it is believed had formerly jurisdiction over all the Hebrides But it is now limited to this Island and his Metropolitan is the Archbishop of York This Bishop has neither seat nor vote among the Lords of Parliament in England The most populous town is Duglas Duglas for it has the best harbour and the most easie entrance and is frequented by the French and other foreigners who come hither with their bay-salt and buy up leather course wooll and salt beef to export with them On the south-side of the Island stands Bala Curi where the Bishop generally resides and the Pile a fort erected in a small Island defended by a pretty good garison Before the south point there lies a little Island which they call the Calf of Man where there are great store of those sea-fowl term'd Puffins and of those Ducks and Drakes said to breed in rotten wood which the English call Bernacles Bernacles the Scots Clakes and Soland Geese What remains of the account of this Island is here added out of a letter which I received from the most learned and reverend Father in God John Meryk Bishop thereof This Island not only supplies its own wants with its own cattle fish and corn but exports great quantities into foreign countreys every year Yet this plenty is rather to be ascribed to the pains and industry of the natives than to the goodness of the soil However the happiness of this Isle is owing to nothing more than the government of the Earl of Derby who at his own proper charges hath defended it with a body of regular and standing troops against its neighbouring enemies and laid out the greatest part of his revenues upon it All causes are decided betwixt man and man without
that the Ministers read the Scriptures to the people in the Manks language out of the English There have been three Monasteries Thâ— Monasteries in this Isle the chief of which was the Monastery of Russin in Castle-town the common burying-place of the King 's of Man which by the Ruines thereof appears to have been a goodly Fabrick There was also the Priory of Douglas and a house of the Friers Minors at Brinnaken Besides these Monasteries there were several others without the Kingdom upon which the Kings of this Isle conferred titles or lands within the Island as the Priory of St. Bees or de Sancta Bega in Cumberland upon the Abbey of Whittern or Candida Casa in Galloway of Scotland and upon the Abbey of Banchor in Ireland For this cause the Prior and Abbots of these houses were Barons of Man and were obliged to give their attendance as such upon the Kings and Lords thereof when required Mr. Camden's error touching the Bishoprick of Man As to the Bishoprick of Man Mr. Camden saith That it was founded by Pope Gregory the fourth about the year 140. and that the Bishop thereof was named Sodorensis from a little Island near Castletown in the Isle of Man where the Episcopal See was instituted This error of Mr. Camden's is confuted by the authority not only of the Irish and Manks Tradition concerning their first conversion to Christianity but likewise of all the Historians that have wrote the life of St. Patrick who is generally believed to have converted that Island to Christianity They affirm * â—osâ—â—lin vita Pat. c. 92. that St. Patrick having converted the Island about the year 447. left one Germanus Bishop thereof and after his death consecrated two other Bishops to succeed him whose names were Conindrius and Romulus fellow-Bishops and to them succeeded one St. Maughald This is confirmed by the testimony of the learned Antiquary Bishop Usher a Usser antiâ— Br. c. 6. p. 644. Besides these four there is another Bishop of Man mentioned by Boethius b Boeth Hist â—cot p 114. and Hollinshead c Hollâ—sh p. 144. whose name was Conanus and who had been Tutor to Eugenius the fifth King of Scotland who began to reign An. Dom. 684. which was above 130 years before Gregory the fourth sate in St. Peter's Chair So that this Bishoprick appears to be near 4â—0 years of greater antiquity than Mr. Camden makes it These Bishops above named were called Bishops of Man only and not Bishops of Sodor for that Bishoprick was not founded till near 400 years after and the Bishops of Man were never called Bishops of Sodor till after the union of the two Bishopricks Sodor and Man Mr. Camden's mistake may proceed from confounding the Bishopricks of Sodor and Man making them one and the same whereas they were quite distinct The Bishoprick of Sodor was indeed first instituted by Pope Gregory the fourth about the time that Mr. Camden places the foundation of the Bishoprick of Man But it is placed in the Isle Jona or St. Columb's Isle corruptly called Colm-kill a little Island among the Hebrides belonging to Scotland This new erected title of Sodor the Bishops of the Western Isles possessed solely until the year 1098. that King Magnus of Norway conquering the Western Isles and the Island of Man united the two Bishopricks of Sodor and Man which continued so united for the space of 235 years till the English were fully possessed of the Isle of Man in 1333. During this union the Bishops always stiled themselves Bishops of Sodor and Man but before the uniting of the Bishopricks the Bishops of Man were never stiled Bishops of Sodor The Bishops The Bishop of Man were heretofore looked upon as Barons and were always to assist at the Inauguration of a new King or Lord of Man and there to pay their homage to him for the temporalities they enjoyed The Bishop hath his own particular Court where the Deemsters of the Island sit Judges The Bishop himself hath no hand in the assessment of the fines in his own Court yet has he all the fines and perquisites after they are assessed by the Deemsters and other Officers of the Lord's that are present This particular Privilege the Bishop of Man has at this day That if any of his tenants do commit Felony and be brought to the Bar of the Court of the Gaol-delivery with the rest of the Felons before rhe Governor and Deemster the Bishop's Steward may demand the Prisoner from the Bar and he shall have him delivered to be tried at the Bishop's Court. The forfeitures of Lands of any Delinquent holding of the Bishop do belong to him but the Delinquent's goods and person are at the Lord's disposal The Abbots of this Island were allowed the like privileges The Bishop of Man keeps his residence in the village called Bal-Curi The Bishoprick is under the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of York During the Norwegian Conquest they were under the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan of Norway which is Drontheim When the Bishoprick falls void the Lord of the Island names a Bishop and presents him to the King of England for his Royal Assent and then to the Archbishop of York for his Consecration This Bishop has no voice in the upper house of Parliament but is allowed to sit uppermost in the lower house of Convocation in England The Clergy The Clergy here are generally natives and have had their whole education in the Island They are not any ways taxed with ignorance or debauchery they have all a competent maintenance at least 50 or 60 pounds a year The Ministers who are Natives have always the addition of Sir unless they be Parsons of the Parishes which are but few most of the Parsonages being impropriated to the Lord of the Isle or the Bishop As thus Sir Thomas Parr Minister of Kirk-Malew But if they have the title of Parson then they are only called Mr. as Mr. Robert Parr Parson of St. Mary of Ballaugh * The end of the Additiâ—ns to the Isle of Man FRom Man as far as the Mull of Galloway or the Promontory of the Novantes we meet with none but small and inconsiderable Islands but after we are past that in the Frith of Glotta or Dunbritton-Frith we come to the Isle Glotta The Isle Gâ—oâ—ta mentioned in Antoninus called by the Scots at this day Arran whence the Earls of Arran A ran in that Country take their title And then to a neighbouring Island formerly called Rothesia now Buthe so denominated from a Cell which Brendan built in it for so the word signifies in Scotch After these we arrive at Hellan heretofore Hellan-Leneow that is as Fordon explains the word an Isle of Saints and Hellan Tinoc an Isle of Swine all visible in the same Frith Pag. 913. But of these we have said enough already Beyond this aestuary lye a cluster of Isles which the Scotch inhabitants call Inch-Gall
Normandy and their jealousies were heighten'd by the dreadful appearance of a Comet Comet at Easter for about seven days together This as it commonly does in troublesome times set the distracted brains of the people a working to presage what miseries would follow upon it But Harold after he had curiously viewed every part of the Kingdom fortified the South-coasts with garisons He was not apprehensive of much danger from Scotland and Tosto because Malcolâ—â—s Mil-Columbus King of Scots was diverted with civil wars In the mean time William was continually thinking of a descent into England He now and then advis'd with his Officers and found them cheerful and full of hopes but all the difficulty was how to procure money to carry on so important a war For upon a proposal made at a publick meeting of the States of Normandy about raising a subsidy it was urg'd That the Nation was so exhausted by their former wars with France that if they should engage in a new war they should have much ado even to act defensively that their business was rather to secure their own than to invade another's dominions that how just soever the war might be there was no great necessity for it and that in all probability it would prove of dangerous consequence And lastly that the Normans were not bound by their allegiance to serve in foreign wars No considerations could bring them to raise a supply of money though William * * Filius â—berti Fitzosbert a man generally beloved both by Duke and people promoted it with the utmost zeal and to encourage others engaged to build 40 ships at his own charge for the service of the war The Duke finding himself disappointed in a publick meeting tries other methods and sending for the wealthiest of them one by one speaks them fair and desires that each would contribute something towards the war This drove them to a sort of emulation who should be most assisting to his Prince and made them promise largely and an account being taken of all the contributions a sum beyond what could reasonably be expected was rais'd almost in an instant After matters were thus far dispatched he sollicites his neighbouring Princes for aids the Earl of Anjou Poictou Mayne and Bulloigne with this encouragement that they should have their share of lands in England Next he applies himself to Philip King of France and promises that in case he contributes his assistance he will take an oath of fealty and hold England under him But considering that it was not by any means the interest of France that the neighbouring Norman who already did not seem much to value them should be strengthned by the addition of England as Princes are always jealous of the growing power of their neighbours Philip was so far from encouraging the design that he us'd all means to divert him from invading of England But nothing could draw him off his resolution wherein he was now confirmed and justified by the authority of Pope Alexander This Pope about that time begun to usurp a jurisdiction over Princes and he approved the cause sent him a consecrated banner as a token of his victory and empire and excommunicated all that should oppose him Vpon this he raised what forces he could and got together a vast fleet to S. Valeric's a town at the mouth of the river Some where he lay windbound for some time and in order to have a fair wind he spar'd neither prayers nor offerings to S. Valeric the Saint of that place Harold after he had a long time watched his coming had resolved to disband his army lay up his ships and leave the sea-coasts partly because provisions began to fail him and partly because the Earl of Flanders had assured him that William had no design upon England that year Which he the rather believ'd because at that time of year putting to sea would be very dangerous when the Aequinox was just at hand While he was settling these matters all on a sudden an unexpected invasion puts him under a necessity of getting his army together For Harold sirnam'd Durus and Harfager King of Norwey who had for a long time prey'd upon the northern parts of Britain and possess'd himself of the Isles of Orkney was drawn over by Tosto out of a prospect of the Kingdom of England and entered the river Tine with about 500 rovers where he was joined by Tosto After they had for some time been making havock of those parts they weighed anchor and sailing along the coasts of Yorkshire came into Humber where they plundered all round them with the utmost cruelty of an enemy But to stop their progress Edwin and Morcar two Earls attacked them with a confused undisciplined army which being overpowered by the Norwegians ran away A good many amongst whom were the two Earls made a shift to get off but the greatest number was drowned in their passage over the river Ouse The Norwegians without more ado resolve to lay siege to York but upon hostages given on both sides the place was surrendered Not long after Harold having got his whole army in a body marches towards York and from thence towards the Norwegians who had encamped in a very advantageous place Behind they were secured by the sea on the left by the river Humber where their fleet rid at anchor on the right and front by the river Derwent Notwithstanding all this Harold attacked them very vigorously and the first skirmish was at a * * Stanford bridge near York bridge over the river Derwent where 't is said one single Norwegian bore up for some time against the whole English army till at last he was shot dead Next the battle was removed to the camp where the advantages on both sides were equal for a while At last on the Norwegians side the ranks were broken and Harold King of Norwey with Tosto and the greatest part of their army was slain The booty which Harold got by this victory was very considerable gold and silver in great plenty and every ship of that large fleet except twenty small vessels which he gave Paul Earl of the Orcades and Olavus son of Harold who was slain to carry off their wounded first taking an oath of them that they should never again disturb England Harold was exceedingly heartened with the victory and begun to hope that he should be a terrour to the Normans though his own subjects began to hate him for not distributing the spoil amongst the souldiers All his thoughts were spent in the settlement of the nation which especially in those parts was in a miserable condition In the mean time William the Norman got a favourable wind he set sail about the end of September and having a gentle gale landed with his whole fleet at Pemsey in Sussex He found the coast clear and to cut off all encouragement for running away fir'd the Ships After he had built a castle there for retreat he went forwards
to Hastings where he built another and put in it a garison Next he publish'd the reasons of invasion To revenge the death of his kinsman Alfred whom among a great many other Normans Godwin Harold's father had slain To take satisfaction for the injuries Harold had done in banishing Robert Archbishop of Canterbury and accepting the crown of England contrary to his own express Oath He gave out a strict order among his men that none should plunder the English in a hostile manner News of his whole proceeding were quickly brought to Harold who judging it most advisable to engage the Norman as soon as possible dispatches messengers to all parts desires his subjects to stand true to him gets his whole army together and marches with all speed to London William sent an Embassador to him there who with a great deal of importunity demanding the Crown did so incense him that he very hardly restrained himself from violence His late victory had wrought him into so much insolence and assurance that it was a difficult thing to bring him down Forthwith he sends Embassadors to William with very severe threatnings of what he was to expect unless he returned immediately to Normandy William dismiss'd them with a gentile answer and a great deal of civility Harold in the mean time makes a general muster at London and finds his forces considerably lessened by the late battle with the Norwegians but however makes up a strong body out of the Nobility and others whose concern for the publick good had invited them to take up arms Presently he marches into Sussex though altogether contrary to the advice of his mother and with a firm resolution encamps scarce seven miles from the Norman William with his army advanced towards him Spies were sent out by both sides Those of the English either out of ignorance or design gave a prodigious account of the number preparations and discipline of the Normans Upon this Gythus Harold's younger brother a very noted souldier did not think it advisable to run the hazard of a decisive battle He told the King the issue of all engagements was dubious that the victory depended more upon fortune than courage that mature deliberation was the greatest part of military discipline He advised him in case he had made any such promise to William of the reversion of the Kingdom at least not to fight in person because no forces could guard him against his own conscience and God would certainly punish every breach of promise that nothing could cast a greater damp upon the Normans than to see a new army raised to engage them afresh He farther promised that if he would but trust him with the management of the fight he would discharge the duty of a faithful brother and a stout General that as he had the support of a good conscience he might the more easily defeat the enemy or at least die more happily in the service of his countrey The King did not like such language as thinking that it plainly tended to the dishonour of his person For as he could be very well content to run the hazard of a battle so the imputation of cowardise was a thing he could not bear As for the character of the Normans he made light of it and could not think it consisted with his dignity or former behaviour now he was come to the last hazard like a coward to run for 〈◊〉 and so to bring upon himself an eternal scandal Thus whom God has mark'd out for destruction he always infatuates While these things were going forward William out of a pious care for the interest of Christendom and to prevent the effusion of Christian blood sent out a Monk as a Mediator between both He propos'd these terms to Harold either wholly to resign up the government or own it a tenure in fee from the Norman or decide the matter in a single combat with William or at least stand to the Pope's determination But he like a man that had no government over himself rejected all propositions and referr'd his cause entirely to the tribunal of God Next day which was the 14th of October he promised to give them battle foolishly flattering himself with success because 't was his birth-day That night the English spent in revels feasting and shouting but the Normans in prayers for the safety of their army and for a victory Next morning by break of day they drew up both armies In Harold's the Kentish men with their halberts were in the van for by an old custom they claimed the front of the battle in the rear was Harold and his brother the Mediterranean English and the Londoners The van of the Norman army was led up by Roger of Montgomery and William Fitzosberne and consisted of the horse of Anjou Perch Maine and Little Britain most whereof had served under Fergentas the Briton The main battle made up of Poictovins and Germans was commanded by Geffrey Martel and a German Stipendiary In the rear was the Duke himself with a strong body of Normans and the flower of the Nobility The Archers were mixt through the whole army The Normans * * Câ—â— Reâ—â— after a regular shout sounded an alarm and advanced forwards They first charged them with a volley of arrows from all parts and that being a sort of attack to which the English were altogether strangers did very much affright them for they fell so thick that they thought the enemy was got into the midst of their army Next they vigorously charged the front of the English who resolving rather to die upon the spot than retreat kept their ranks and repulsed them with great loss The Normans attack'd them a second time so they bore up stoutly one against the other Thus foot to foot and man to man they were for some time very warmly engaged but the English keeping close in one body maintained their ground with so much bravery that the Normans after they had been miserably harrassed were for retreating had not William acted the part as well of a common soldier as a General and by his authority prevented them By this means was the battle continued and the Norman horse sent with all speed to reinforce them whilst the English were in a manner over-whelmed with the arrows yet for all this they kept their ranks For Harold behaving himself in every respect like a brave General was always ready with succours and William on the other side was nothing inferior He had two horses killed under him and after he saw that nothing could be done by bare force he begun to act by stratagem He ordered his men to sound a retreat and to give ground but still to keep their ranks The English taking this for flight thought the day was certainly their own whereupon they broke their ranks and never so much as doubting of the victory pursued the enemy in great disorder But the Normans rallying their troops on a sudden renewed the battle and falling
matters his principal care was to avoid the storm of the Danish war which he saw hanging over him and even to purchase a Peace On this occasion he made Adalbert Archbishop of Hamburg his instrument For Adam Bremensis says There was a perpetual quarrel between Sueno and the Bastard but our Arch-bishop being brib'd to it by William made it his business to strike up a peace between the two Kings And indeed 't is very probable there was one concluded for from that time England was never apprehensive of the Danes William however made it his whole business to maintain the dignity of his government and to settle the Kingdom by wholsome laws For Gervasius Tilburiensis tells us That after the famous Conqueror of England King William had subdued the furthest parts of the Island and brought down the Rebels hearts by dreadful examples lest they might be in a condition of making outrages for the future he resolved to bring his Subjects under the obedience of written laws Whereupon laying before him the Laws of England according to their threefold division that is Merchanlage Denelage and West-Sexenlage some of them he laid aside but approved others and added to them such of the foreign Norman Laws as he found most conducive to the peace of the Kingdom Next as we are assured by Ingulphus who lived at that time he made all the inhabitants of England do him homage and swear fealty to him against all â—â—hers He took a survey of the whole nation so that there was not a single Hide of land through all England but he knew both the value of it and its owner Not a lake or any other place whatsoever but it was registred in the King's Rolls with its revenue rent tenure and owner according to the relation of certain taxers who were picked out of each County to describe the places belonging to it This Roll was called the Roll of Winchester and by the English Domesday Domesday-book called by Gervasius Tilburiensis Laher Judiciarius as being an universal and exact account of every tenement in the whole nation I the rather make mention of this Book because I shall have occasion to quote it hereafter under the name of William's Tax-book The Notice of England the Cessing-book of England The publick Acts and The Survey of England But as to Polydore Virgil's assertion that William the Conqueror first brought in the Jury of Twelve Jury of 12. there is nothing can be more false For 't is plain from Ethelred's Laws that it was used many years before that Nor can I see any reason why he should call it a terrible Jury Twelve men Twelve men who are Freeholders and qualified according to Law are picked out of the Neighbourhood these are bound by oath to give in their real opinion as to matter of fact they hear the Council on both sides plead at the Bar and the evidence produced then they take along with them the depositions of both parties are close confined deny'd meat drink and fire till they can agree upon their verdict unless want of these may endanger some of their lives As soon as they have delivered it in he gives sentence according to law And this method was looked upon by our wise Forefathers to be the best for discovering truth hindering bribes and cutting off all partiality How great the Norman courage was I refer you to other writers I shall only observe The Warlike courage of the Normans that being seated in the midst of warlike Nations they never made submission their refuge but always arms By force of these they possessed themselves of the noble Kingdoms of England and Sicilie For Tancred * Nepeâ— Nephew to Richard the Second Duke of Normandy and his Successors did many glorious exploits in Italy drove out the Saracens and set up there a Kingdom of their own So that a Sicilian Historian ingenuously confesses that the Sicilians enjoying their native Soil Th. Fazâ—llus lib. 6. Decadis Posterioris their Freedom and Christianity is entirely owing to the Normans Their behaviour also in the wars of the Holy land got them great honour Which gave Roger Hoveden occasion to say That bold France after she had experienced the Norman valour drew back fierce England submitted rich Apulia was restored to her flourishing condition famous Jerusalem and renowned Antioch were both subdued Since that time England has been equal for warlike exploits and genteel Education to the most flourishing nations of the Christian world The English Guards to the Emperors of Constantinople So that the English have been peculiarly made choice of for the Emperor of Constantinople's guards For as our country man Malmsbury has told us he very much admired their fidelity and recommended them to his son as men deserving of respect and they were formerly for many years together the Emperor's guards Nicetas Choniata calls them Inglini Bipenniferi and Curopalata Barangi Barangi These attended the Emperor where-ever he went with halberts upon their shoulders as often as he stir'd abroad out of his closet and pray'd for his long life clashing their halberts one against another to make a noise As to the blot which Chalcondilas Chaâ—condilas has cast upon our nation of having wives in common truth it self wipes it off and confronts the extravagant vanity of the Grecian For as my most learned and excellent Friend Ortelius has observed upon this very subject Things related by any persons concerning others are not always true These are the People which have inhabited Britain whereof there remain unto this day the Britains the Saxons or Angles with a mixture of Normans and towards the North the Scots Whereupon the two Kingdoms of this Island England and Scotland which were long divided are now in the most potent Prince King JAMES happily united under one Imperial Diadem It is not material here to take notice of the Flemings who about four hundred years ago came over hither In the County 〈◊〉 Pembâ—â—â—â— and got leave of the King to settle in Wales since we shall mention them in another place Let us then conclude this part with that of Seneca From hence it is manifest De Conâ—latioâ—â— Albiâ—â— that nothing has continued in its primitive state There 's a continual floating in the affairs of mankind In this vast orb there are daily revolutions new foundations of cities laid new names given to nations either by the utter ruine of the former or by its change into that of a more powerful party And considering that all these nations which invaded Britain were Northern as were also others who about that time overran Europe and after it Asia Nicephorus's Nicephorus observation founded upon the authority of Scripture is very true As God very often sends terrors upon men from heaven such are thunder fire and storms and from earth as opening of the ground and earthquakes as also out of the air such as whirlwinds and immoderate
century and tithing or if he could not should expect the severity of the laws But if any one standing thus accused should make his escape either before or after the bail was given that whole Hundred and Tithing was liable to be fined by the King By this project he settled peace in the Kingdom so that even upon the high-roads where four ways met he commanded golden bracelets to be hung up which might expose the avarice of travellers whil'st there was none durst venture to take them away Wappentacks Tithings and Laths These Centuries are in some parts of the Kingdom called Wappentaches if you desire to know the reason I will give it you out of Edward the Confessor's Laws When any one received the government of a Wappentach on a set day and in the place where the meeting used to be held all the elder sort met him and when he was got off his horse rose up to him Then he held up his spear and took security of all there according to custom for whoever came touched his spear with theirs and this touching of armour confirmed them in one common interest and was a publick league In English arms are called wepun and taccare is to confirm as if this were a confirmation of weapons or to speak more agreeably to the English tongue b See Sir Henry Spelman's Glossary under the word Wapentachium Wepentac is a touching of armour for wepun signifies armour and tac is touching There were also other Jurisdictions above those of Wapentaches which they called Ãrihingas including the third part of the Province and those who were Lords over them were termed Ãrihingerefas To these were appeals made in such causes as could not be determined in the Wapentaches So that what the English named a Hundred these called a Wapentach and what was in English three or four hundreds they called c Of which the Ridings in Yorkshire are a corruption Ãrihinge But in some Provinces what they called Trihing was in English term'd Lew and what could not be determined in the Ãrihinge was carried into the Shire These Counties which if you would express in proper Latin Shirâ— may be term'd either Conventus or Pagi we call by the peculiar name of Shyres from the Saxon word Scyre signifying to branch and divide By the first division there were only 32. for in the year 1016. in the Reign of Aethelred Malmsbury assures us there were no more In the life of Aethelred he writes thus At this time the Danes invaded 16 Counties whereas there are but 32 in all England And in those days these Counties were divided according to the variety of the laws Div'faâ— Englaâ—â— acc râ—â—â— to Laâ— For the Laws of England were threefold those of the West-Saxons called West-saxenlage those of the Danes called Denelage and those of the Mercians called Merchenlage Under the West-Saxon-Law were comprehended nine Counties Kent Sussex Surrey Berkshire Hamshire Wiltshire Somersetshire Dorsetshire and Devâ—â—shire To the Dane-Laws belonged fifteen Counties Yorkshire Derbyshire Nottinghamshire Leicestershire Lincolnshire Northamptonshire Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire Hertfordshire Essex Middlesex Norfolk Suffolk Cambridgeshire Huntingdonshire The other eight were judged after the Mercian-Law Lib. â— S. Eâ—â— di those were Glocestershire Worcestershire Herefordshire Warwickshire Oxfordshire Cheshire Shropshire and Staffordshire But when William the first made his Survey of this Kingdom Domâ— book there were reckoned 36 Counties as the Polychronicon tells us But the publick records wherein he registred that Survey reckon up no more than 34. For Durham Lancashire Northumberland Westmorland and Cumberland did not come into the number the three last as some wouâ—d have it being then under the Scots and the other two either exempt from taxes or included under Yorkshire But all these being afterwards added to the number made it as it is to this day 39. Besides which there are 13 moâ—e in Wales d But thâ— Statute of 34 and 35 of Hen. 8. Cap. 26. tells us That eight Shires were of ancient and long time to wit those of Glemorgaâ— Caeâ—mâ— then Pembroke Cardigan Flint Caernarvon Anglesey and Merioneth and other foâ—r were made by the Statute of 27 Hen 8. Cap. 26. beâ—des Monmouthshire namely Radnor Brecknock Montgomery and Denbigh So that in Edward's time there seem to have been eight whereof six were in Edward the first 's time Wal◠〈…〉 Câ—â—â— the rest Henry the eighth settled by Act of Parliament In each of these Counties in troublesome times especially there is appointed a Deputy under the King by the name of Lieutenant who is to take care that the State suffer no damage The first institution hereof seems to be fetch'd from King Alfred who settled in every County the Custodes regni or keepers of the kingdom These afterward were restored by Henry the third under the title of Capitanei For in the fiftieth year of his Reign he as John of London has it held a Parliament wherein this wholsome Law was enacted That in every County there should be one Capâ—nâ—â—â— Captain maintained by the King who by the assistance of the Sheriff should restrain the insolence of robbers Upon which many were so affrighted that they left that trade and the Royal power began to revive This was wisely enough ordered but whether Canutus the Dane when he made a Tetrarchy in a Monarchy 89 〈◊〉 Wâ—â— did not act more prudently let our Politicians determine For he as Hermand the Archdeacon says being an exceeding sagacious man so contriv'd the government of the Kingdom He 〈…〉 that it should fall under Tetrarchs such as he had found faithful to him The government of the West-Saxons which was the greatest he took to himself â—rcha Mercia the second part he committed to one Edrick the third called Northumbre to Yrtus and Earl Turkille had the fourth i.e. East Anglia a very plentiful country This account I owe to the diligence of Fr. Thinne who hath prosecuted this study of Antiquities with great honour and particularly communicated this to me 〈◊〉 of Shire But every year some one inhabitant of the Lesser Nobility is set over the County and stil'd Vice-Comes i.e. a deputy of the Comes or Earl and in our language he is called Shiriff i.e. one set over the County and may very well be term'd the Quaestor of the County or Province For 't is his business to get up the publick revenues of the County to gather into the Exchequer all Fines even by destraining to attend the Judges and to execute their orders to empannel twelve men â—â—elve 〈◊〉 who are to judge of matters of fact and bring in their Verdict to the Judges who are with us only Judges of law and not of fact to take care that such as are condemned be duly executed and to give judgment in petty causes There are also in every County certain Eirenarchae or Justices of the Peace settled by King Edward III. and those
take cognizance of murders felonies trespasses for so they term them and many other misdemeanors Besides the King sends every year into each County two of the Justices of England to give sentence upon Prisoners â—es of â—e and to use the law-term in that cause to make a Gaol-delivery But of these more hereafter when we come to the Courts As to the Ecclesiastical Government after the Bishops of Rome had assigned to each Presbyter his Church and divided the parishes among them Honorius Archbishop of Canterbury â—â—â—â—and â—ed inâ—â—â—â—rishes about the year of our Lord 636. first began to divide England into Parishes as we read in the History of Canterbury Now England has two Provinces and two Archbishops Canterbury Primate of all England and Metropolitan and York Under these are 25 Bishops 22 under Canterbury and the rest under York What these Bishopricks are with their Counties or Dioceses which they now contain â—ops are shown us in those words of that excellent person the most reverend Father in God Matthew Parker Archbishop of Canterbury a Patron of Learning and a great Judge of Antiquities In the Province of Canterbury THE Bishoprick of Canterbury along with Rochester contains the County of Kent London has under it Essex Middlesex and part of Hertfordshire Chichester has Sussex Winchester has Hamshire Surrey Isle of Wight with Gernsey and Jersey Islands lying upon the Coast of Normandy Salisbury contains Wiltshire and Berkshire Exeter includes Devonshire and Cornwal Bathe and Wells joyntly have Somersetshire and Glocester Glocestershire Worcester Worcestershire and part of Warwickshire Hereford Herefordshire and part of Shropshire Coventry and Lichfield joyned together Staffordshire Derbyshire and the other part of Warwickshire as also that part of Shropshire which borders upon the River Repil Next Lincoln the largest contains six Counties Lincolnshire Liecestershire Huntingdonshire Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire and the other part of Hertfordshire Ely Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely Norwich Norfolk and Suffolk Oxford Oxfordshire Peterburrow Northamptonshire and Rutlandshire Bristol Dorsetshire To which 18 Dioceses in England must be added those of Wales or Cambria which are both deprived of an Archbishop of their own and also made fewer seven hardly coming entire into four These are â—eâ—e â—sis St. Davids whose seat is at St. Davids Landaff Banchor and Asaph or Elwensis In the Province of York YOrk it self comprehends Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire Chester Cheshire Richmondshire Lancashire with part of Cumberland Flintshire and Denbighshire Durham the Bishoprick of Durham and Northumberland Carlisle part of Cumberland and Westmerland To these may be added the Bishoprick of Sodor in Mona commonly called the Isle of Man Amongst those the Archbishop of Canterbury takes the first place the Archbishop of York the second the Bishop of London the third the Bishop of Durham the fourth and the Bishop of Winchester the fifth The rest take place according to the time of their Consecration But if any of the other Bishops happen to be Secretary to the King he claims the fifth place There are besides in England 26 Deaneries 13 whereof were made in the larger Churches by King Henry VIII upon expulsion of the Monks The Archdeaconries are sixty and the Dignities and Prebends make 544. There are also 9284 Parish-churches under the Bishops of which 3845 are appropriate as is plain from the Catalogue exhibited to King James which I have here subjoyned Now appropriate Churches are such as by the authority of the Pope and the consent of the King and Bishop of the Diocess are upon certain conditions settled upon those Monasteries Bishopricks Colleges and Hospitals whose revenues are but small either because they were built upon their ground or granted by the Lords of the Mannour Such a Settlement is expressed in form of law by being united annext and incorporated for ever But these upon the subversion of the Monasteries were to the great damage of the Church made Feuda Laicalia Lay-fees In the Province of Canterbury Dioceses Parish-Churches Churches appropriate Canterbury 257 140 London 623 189 Winchester 362 131 Coventry and Lichfield 557 250 Salisbury 248 109 Bath and Wells 388 160 Lincoln 1255 577 Peterburrow 293 91 Exeter 604 239 Glocester 267 125 Hereford 313 166 Norwich 1121 385 Ely 141 75 Rochester 98 36 Chichester 250 112 Oxford 195 88 Worcester 241 76 Bristol 236 64 S. Davids 308 120 Bangor 107 36 Llandaff 177 98 S. Asaph 121 19 Peculiars in the Province of Canterbury 57 14 The whole number in the Province of Canterbury 8219 3303 In the Province of York York 581 336 Durham 135 87 Chester 256 101 Carlisle 93 18 The whole number in York 1065 592 The whole number in both Provinces 9284 3845 But in the Book of Thomas Wolsey Cardinal written in the year 1520. there are reckoned in all the Counties 9407 Churches I know not how this difference should happen unless it be that some were demolished in the last age and Chapels which are Parochial be omitted others which are barely Chapels being reckoned up amongst the Parish-churches However I have set down the number of Churches at the end of each County out of this Book of Wolsey's There were also in the Reign of King Henry VIII if it be not a crime to mention them monuments of the piety of our fore-fathers Monasteries built to the honour of God the propagation of the Christian faith and good learning and for the support of the poor Of Religious houses i.e. Monasteries or Abbies and Priories to the number of 645. whereof when 40 had been suppressed by a Grant from Pope Clement the seventh Hen. 5. had before that dissolved 100 Pâ—iories of Monks Aliens obtained by Cardinal Wolsey who had then laid the foundation of two Colleges one at Oxford and another at Ipswich presently about the 36th of Henry VIII a torrent as it were that has thrown down the banks broke in upon the ecclesiastical state of England and to the great surprize of the whole world and oppression of this nation at once threw down the greatest part of the Religious with their curious structures For what the Pope granted to the Cardinal the King took himself by consent of Parliament Whereupon in the year 1536. all religious houses with their revenues which had 200 l. yearly or under that were granted to the King in number 376. And the next year under a specious pretence of rooting out superstition the rest along with the Colleges Chauntries and Hospitals were given up to the King's disposal At which time there were valued or taxed 605 religious houses remaining Colleges besides those in the Universities 96. Hospitals 110. Chauntries and Free-chapels 2374. Most of which in a short time were every where pulled down their revenues squander'd away and the riches which had been consecrated to God by the pious munificence of the English from the time they received Christianity were as it were in a moment dispersed and if I may use the
these the two Archbishops and all the Bishops of England â—â—hops â—rons are also Barons of the Kingdom or Parliamentary Barons as also were in the memory of our grandfathers several belonging to Monasteries whereof this is a List Abbots of â—bots â—rliaâ—ntary â—rons Glassenbury St. Austin's Canterbury St. Peter's Westminster St. Albans St. Edmundsbury Peterburgh St. John's of Colchester Evesham Winchelcomb Crowland Battaile Reding Abingdon Waltham S. Cross Shrewsbury Cirencester St. Peter's at Glocester Bardney S. Benedict of Hulm Thorney Ramsey Hyde Malmesbury St. Marie's at York Selbey Prior of Coventry The Order of St. John of Jerusalem commonly stil'd Master of the Knights of St. John and would be counted the first Baron of England To these as to this day to the Bishops it belong'd by right and custom in every Parliament as the Publick Records word it to be present in person as Peers of the Realm along with the rest of the Peers to consult treat order decree and define by virtue of their Baronies held of the King For King William the first as the Ecclesiasticks of that age complain'd though those of the next look'd upon it as their greatest glory put the Bishopricks and Abbies holding Baronies in Frank almoigne Matth. Paris and so free from all secular services under military service enrolling every Bishoprick and Abbey according to the number of souldiers he and his successors might demand in times of war Since that the Ecclesiastical Barons enjoy all the immunities which the other Barons of the Realm do except that they are not judged by their Peers For as they by the Canons of the Church are not to be present at sanguinary causes so in the same causes they themselves are to be judged in matters of fact by twelve Jury-men But whether this be agreeable to the strict rules of the Law let the Lawyers determine Vavasors Vavasors or Valvasors formerly took place next the Barons derived by Lawyers from Valvae folding-doors a dignity that seems to have come to us from the French Sigonius For whilst their dominion in Italy lasted they call'd those Valvasors who govern'd the common people or part of them under the Duke Marquiss Earl or Chieftain and as Butler the Lawyer words it Had a full power of punishing but not the right of fairs and markets This is a piece of honour never much in vogue among us or how much soever it was it is now long since by degrees quite disused In Chaucer's age it was not very considerable as appears from what he says of his Frankelin or free-holder A Sheriff had he been and a contour Was no where soch a worthy Vavasour The Lesser Noblemen are the Knights Esquires Lesser Noblemen Knights and those which we commonly call Gentlemen Knights call'd by our English Lawyers in Latin Milites have almost in all Nations had their name from horses Thus they are called Cavelliers by the Italians Chevalier by the French Reuter by the Germans Marchog by the Welsh all with respect to riding They are called Knights only by the English a word in the ancient English as also German tongue signifying promiscuously servant or one that does service and a young man Upon which in the old Saxon Gospels the Disciples are call'd Leornung cnyhts and in another place we read Incnyht for a Client and our Common Lawyer Bracton mentions the Radcnihtes i.e. Serving horsemen who held lands upon this condition that they should furnish their Lord with horses from whence by shortning the name as we English love contractions I was perswaded long since that Knights remains now in use with us But for what reason the Laws of our own Country Knights why call'd Milites and all the Writers since the Norman Conquest should term them in Latin Milites I do not well apprehend Not but I know that in the decline of the Roman Empire the name of Milites was transferr'd to such as were always about the King's body and had the more considerable employments in the Prince's retinue But if I know any thing of this matter the first who were call'd so among us were they that held beneficiary lands or in fee for their service in the wars For those fees were called Militarie and they that in other places are term'd Feudataries were with us stil'd Milites souldiers as the Milites or souldiers of the King of the Archbishop of Canterbury of Earl Roger of Earl Hugh c. because they had by these persons lands bestowed upon them on this condition that they should fight for them and pay them fealty and homage whereas others who served in the wars †Pro solidis Solidarii for so much in money were call'd Solidarii and Servientes However these Milites or Equites which you please are fourfold with us The most honourable are those of the Order of S. George's Garter the second the Bannerets the third of the Bath and the fourth such as we call in English simply Knights and in Latin Equites aurati or Milites without any addition Of the Knights of the Order of S. George I will speak in their proper place when I come to Windsor Of the rest in this place briefly Banerett Banerets otherwise but falsly call'd Baronets have their name from a banner for they were allowed upon the account of their military bravery to use a square banner as well as the Barons and from thence they are by some truly call'd Equites Vexillarii and by the Germans Banner-heires I cannot trace their antiquity beyond the times of Edward the third when England was at it's height for martial discipline so that till time sets this matter in a clearer light I must believe that this honorary title was then first invented as a reward to warlike courage In the publick Records of that age among the military titles of Banerets there is mention also made of Homines ad vexillum Purs 2. Pat. 15. E. 3. M. 22 23. men at the banner and of homines ad arma men attending in arms which last seem to be the same with that other And I have read a Charter of King Edward the Third's whereby he advanced John Coupland for taking David second King of Scots in a battle at Durham to the honour of a Baneret in these words Desiring so to reward the said John who took David de Bruis and cheerfully delivered him up to us and to set such a mark upon his loyalty and valour as may give others example to serve us faithfully for the future we have advanced the said John to the Quality of a Baneret and to support that title have for us and our heirs granted to the same John the sum of 500 l. yearly to him and his heirs c. Nor may it be improper to mention out of Frossardus the form by which John Chandos a celebrated souldier in his time was made Baneret When Edward Prince of Wales was ready to engage
this name of Esquire which in ancient times was a name of charge and office only crept first in among the titles of honour as far as I can find in the reign of Richard the second Gentlemen Gentlemen are either the common sort of nobility who are descended of good families or those who by their virtue and fortune have made themselves eminent Citizens Citizens or Burgesses are such as are in publick offices in any City or elected to sit in Parliament The common people or Yeomen are such as some call ingenui the Law homines legales i.e. freeholders Yeomâ— Gemâ—◠〈◊〉 Saxo◠〈◊〉 common people those who can spend at least forty shillings of their own yearly Labourers are such as labour for wages sit to their work are Mechanicks Artizans Smiths Carpenters c. term'd capite censi and Proletarii by the Romans The Law-Courts of ENGLAND AS for the Tribunals or Courts of Justice in England there are three several sorts of them some Spiritual others Temporal and one mixt or complicate of both which is the greatest and by far the most honourable call'd the Parliament Parliament a French word of no great antiquity The Saxons our fore-fathers nam'd it a Witenâ— gemot â—s the true Saxon word Ç·ittenagemot that is an assembly of wise-men and Geraedniss or Council and Micil Synod from the greek word Synod signifying a great meeting The Latin writers of that and the next age call it Commune Concilium Curia altissima Generale Placitum Curia Magna Magnatum Conventus Praesentia Rogis Praelatorum Procerumque collectorum Commune totius regni concilium c. And as Livy calls the general Council of Aetolia Panetolium so this of ours may be term'd very properly Pananglium For it consists of the King the Clergy the Barons and those Knights and Burgesses elected or to express my self more plainly in Law-language the King the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and the Commons who there represent the body of the Nation This Court is not held at certain set times but is call'd at the King's pleasure when things of great difficulty and importance are to be consider'd in order to prevent any danger that may happen to the State and then again is dissolv'd when-ever he alone pleases Now this Court has the sovereign power and an inviolable authority in making confirming repealing and explaining laws reversing Attainders determining causes of more than ordinary difficulty between private persons and to be short in all things which concern the State in general or any particular Subject â—he Kings â—â—urt The next Court to this immediately after the coming in of the Normans and for some time before was the King's Court which was held in the King's Palace and follow'd the King where-ever he went For in the King's Palace there was a peculiar place for the Chancellor and Clerks who had the issuing out of Writs and the management of the great Seal and likewise for Judges who had not only power to hear pleas of the Crown but any cause whatsoever between private persons There was also an Exchequer for the Treasurer and his Receivers who had charge of the King's revenues These each of them were counted members of the King's family and had their meat and cloaths of the King Hence Gotzelin in the life of S. Edward calls them Palatii Causidici and Joannes Sarisburiensis Curiales But besides these and above them likewise â—â—e Chief â—â—â—tice was the Justitia Angliae and Justitiarius Angliae Capitalis i.e. the Lord Chief Justice who was constituted with a yearly stipend of 1000 marks by a Patent after this form The King to all the Archbishops Bishops Abbots Priors Counts Barons Viscounts Foresters and all other his faithful subjects of England greeting Whereas for our own preservation and the tranquillity of our Kingdom and for the administration of justice to all and singular of this our Realm we have ordain'd our beloved and trusty Philip Basset Chief Justice of England during our will and pleasure we do require you by the faith and allegiance due to us strictly enjoyning that in all things relating to the said office and the preservation of our peace and Kingdom you shall be fully obedient to him so long as he shall continue in the said Office Witness the King c. But in the reign of Henry the third it was enacted that the Common Pleas should not follow the King's Court but be held in some certain place and awhile after the Chancery the Pleas of the Crown and the Exchequer also were remov'd from the King's Court and establisht apart in certain set places as some how truly I know not have told us Having premis'd thus much I will now add somewhat concerning these Courts and others that sprung from them as they are at this day And seeing some of them have cognizance of â—uris Law namely the King's Bench Common Pleas Exchequer Assizes Star-Chamber Court of Wards and the Court of Admiralty others of Equity as the Chancery the Court of Requests the Councils in the Marches of Wales and in the North I will here insert what I have learnt from others of each of them in their proper places The King's Bench â—â—e Kings â—â—â—ch so call'd because the Kings themselves were wont to preside in that Court takes cognizance of all pleas of the Crown and many other matters relating to the King and the well-being of the publick it has power to examine and correct the errors of the Common-pleas The Judges there besides the King himself when he is pleas'd to be present are the Lord Chief Justice of England and four others or more as the King pleases â—â—mmon â—â—â—as The Common-Pleas has this name because the common pleas between subject and subject is by our law which is call'd the Common law there triable The Judges here are the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas and four others or more to assist him Officers belonging to this Court are the Custos Brevium three Prothonotaries and many others of inferior rank â—â—â—hequer The Exchequer deriv'd that name from a table at which they sat For so Gervasius Tilburiensis writes who liv'd in the year 1160. The Exchequer is a squarâ— table about ten foot long and five broad contriv'd likâ— a table to sit round On every side it has a ledge of four fingers breadth Upon it is spread a cloath of black colour with stripes distant about a foot or spanâ— it bought in Easter term A little after This Court 〈◊〉 report has been from the very Conquest of the Realm by King William the design and model of it being taken â—â—m the Exchequer beyond Sea Here all matters belongiâ—â—â— to the King's revenues are decided The Judges of it are the Lord Treasurer of England the Chancellor of the Exchequer the Chief Baron and three or four other Barons The Officers of this Court are the King's Remembrancer the Treasurer's Remembrancer the Clerk
plain there is a very pleasant prospect on all sides and a curious Index which they call a compass for the use of mariners The town is not very large but its name and reputation is very great among all nations and that not so much for the convenience of the harbour as for the excellence of the Natives 1 In sea-services of all sorts For to mention no others this town gave being to Sir Francis Drake Sir Francis Drake Knight in maritime atchievements without dispute the greatest Captain of our age Who first to repair the losses he had suffer'd from the Spaniards as I have heard himself say as it were block d up the Bay of Mexico for two years together with continual defeats and travell'd over the Straits of Dariena whence having descry'd the South-sea as the Spaniards call it it made such impression on his mind that like Themistocles inflam'd with the trophies of Miltiades he thought he should be wanting to himself his country and his own glory if he did not complete the discovery Therefore in the year 1577. going off from hence and entring that sea by the Straits of Magellan thro' the assistance of God and his own conduct tho' not without great change of fortune he next to Magellanus sail'd quite round the world in two years and ten months time Whereupon a certain Author has thus complemented him Drake pererrati novit quem terminus orbis Quemque semel mundi vidit uterque polus Si taceant homines facient te sydera notum Sol nescit comitis immemor esse sui Drake who in triumph round the world hast gone Whom both the Lines and both the Poles have known Should envious men their just applause deny Thy worth wou'd be the subject of the sky Phoebus himself wou'd sing thy deathless praise And grace his Fellow-trav'ller with his rays But the rest of his exploits and those of others born here that have flourish'd in marine atchievements being not within the compass of my design are left to Historians Nor have I any thing farther to add here but that in the reign of William Rufus Ealphege The Clergy first restrained from marrying in England a learned and a marry'd priest flourish'd in this place for before the year 1102. the Clergy were not prohibited to marry here in England Then Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury first introduced this violence to Scripture and humane nature as our Historians of that age complain and Henry of Huntingdon expresly of Anselm He prohibited the Clergy of England to have wives who before that were not prohibited Some thought it a matter of great purity others of great danger lest affecting cleanness above their power they should sink into horrible uncleanness to the great scandal of the Christian name More inward not far from the river Plim stands Plimpton Plimpton a pretty populous market-town where are still the reliques and deform'd ruins of a castle of which many held by tenure or as our Lawyers call it in Castle garde For this was the chief seat of the Red-versies or Riparii for both are read who were Barons of Plimpton and Earls of Devonshire e These were accounted Caput honoris Comitatus Devon having 89 Knights-fees appendant Afterwards by marriage the Castle mannour and honour of Plimpton together with the Earldom of Devonshire and other large Eâ—tates pass'd into the family of the Courtneys Next to this stood Plimpton S. Mary which lost it's glory not long since when the f Here was a College of a Dean and four Prebendaries that had been founded by some of the Saxon Kings but because they would not part with their wives they were displac'd by Bishop Warlewast and a Priory of Canons-Regular erected here Goodwin's Catal. of Bishops Dugdales's Monastic College of Prebends there was dissolv'd which William Warlewast Bishop of Exeter had formerly built More Eastward appears Modbery Modbery a small town which belongs to the famous and ancient family of the Campernulphs who are also call'd 2 In old Deeds De Campo Arnulphi and by the vulgar Champernouns Champernoun Knights who have had much honour by the heir of the Vautorts f From the Plim's mouth where the South shore of this region begins the Country goes on with a wide and large front as far as g It is in Saxon Steort Stert a promontory Stert 〈…〉 in Hâ—ghdutch as the word it self signifies in Saxon but assoon as the shore winds back again the river Dert rises which flowing from the inner part of the County by dirty and mountainous places thence called Dertmore Dertmâ—â—e where Load-stones have been lately found g falls then very steep and strong washing away with it the sands from the Stannaries which by degrees choak up its channel thro' the forest of Dertmore where David de Sciredun held lands in Sciredun and Siplegh Testa Nevilli for finding two arrows when our Lord the King came to hunt in that forest and then it runs by Dertinton the Barony heretofore of the Martins who were Lords of Keims in Wales as far as Totness Dirintâ—â— Totneâ—s This ancient little town situated from west to east upon the side of a hill was formerly of great note It did not geld according to Domesday but when Exeter gelded and then it yielded 40 pence and was to serve upon any expedition either by land or sea And Toteness Barnestaple and Lidford serv'd as much as Exeter paid King John granted them the power of chusing a Mayor for their chief Magistrate and Edw. 1. endow'd it with many Privileges and afterwards it was fortify'd with a Castle by the Zouches as the Inhabitants believe It was formerly the Estate of Judeal sirnam'd de Totenais afterwards of William Briwer a very noble Gentleman by one of whose daughters it came to the Breoses and from them by a daughter likewise to George de Cantelupo Lord of Abergeuenny whose sister Melicent being marry'd to Eudo de la Zouche brought it to the Barons Zouche and there it continued till John Baron Zouche being banish d for siding with Richard 3. Henry 7. gave it as I have heard to Peter Edgecomb a man both wise and noble h Just by this town stands Bery-Pomery denominated from the Pomeries Pomâ—y one of the noblest families in these parts who somewhat more to the eastward had a very neat Castle a little farther off from the bank They derive their pedigree from Radulph de Pomery who in William the Conqueror's time held Wich Dunwinesdon Brawerdine Pudeford Horewood Toriland Helecom and this Berie c. From Totnes the neighbouring shore was heretofore call'd Totonese and the British History tells us that Brutus the founder of the British nation arriv'd here and Havillanus as a Poet In â—â—â—treâ—â— following the same Authority writes thus Inde dato cursu Brutus comitatus Achate Gallorum spoliis cumulatis navibus aequor Exarat superis auraque faventibus
West by Devonshire 1 And some part of Somersetshire on the East by Hantshire and Southward which way it extends the farthest 't is all Sea-coast lying for about 50 miles together as I said before upon the British Ocean But the soil is fruitful and in the Northern parts of it there are woods and forests scatter'd here and there whence with several green hills that feed great flocks of sheep pleasant pastures and fruitful valleys it comes quite down to the sea-shore which I shall keep close to in my description having no better method to take a At the very entrance into this County from Devonshire the first place that appears upon the sea-shore is Lyme Lyme a little town standing upon a steep hill so call'd from a rivulet of that name gliding by it which can scarcely be reputed a sea-port town or haven tho' it be frequented by fishermen and hath a kind of an harbour below it which they call the Cobbe well secur'd from tempestuous winds by rocks and lofty trees We scarce meet with it's name in ancient books only I have read that King Kinwulf in the year of our Lord 774. gave in these words the land of one mansion to the Church of Scireburn near the western banks of the river Lim and not far from the place where it falls into the sea so long as for the said Church salt should be boil'd there for the supplying of various wants b Hard by the river Carr empties it self where stands a It is now call'd Charmouth Carmouth Carmouth a little village where the bold pirating Danes had the good fortune to beat the English in two engagements first conquering King Egbert in the year of our Lord 831 and then King Aethelwulf in the eighth year after Next is Burtport Burport famous for hemp or rather b Call'd also Bridport and Britport says Leland of some written Bruteport Birtport seated between two small rivers which meet there the soil whereof produceth the best hemp In this town an hundred and twenty houses were computed in Edward the Confessor's time but in William the Conqueror's reign as appears by Domesday-book there were no more than an hundred 'T was heretofore so famous for making ropes and cables for ships that 't was provided by a special statute for a set time that such sort of tackle for the use of the English Navy should be made no where else Nor can this maintain the name of a Port though at the mouth of the river that runs by it which is enclos'd with hills on both sides Nature seems purposely to have projected a commodious place for an harbour as an inducement for Art and Industry to finish it c DORSET SHIRE By Rob Morden From thence the shore lies strait along by the Island Purbeck â—â—â—beck as they call it which is full of heath woods and forests well stock'd with Fallow-deer and stags and containing under ground here and there some veins of marble d In the middle of it stood formerly an old Castle call'd Corffe 3 Seated upon a great stately hill 〈…〉 a very ancient ruin but at last fallen quite to shatters 4 Until of late it hath been repair'd which nevertheless is a notable memorial of the spite of Mothers-in-law 〈◊〉 will epâ—â—thers For Aelfrith that she might make way for her own son Etheldred to the Throne when her son-in-law Edward King of England made her a visit here as he came from hunting set some Ruffians upon him who slew him whilst his impious step-mother glutted her eyes with the Scene of his murder Which impiety she afterwards by a late repentance us'd her utmost endeavours to expiate assuming the habit of a Nun and building Religious houses e This Purbeck is call'd an Island though it be but a Peninsula being every way wash'd by the sea k To the west also the river Frome and another little river almost make it an Island but westward for towards the East the banks of the sea wind very much inward which having a strait and narrow inlet or passage opposite to which within is an Island with l It is now gone to decay a blockhouse call'd Brenksey widens and expands it self to a bay of a great breadth To the north of which in a peninsula hard by is Poole a small town so situated that the waters surround it every way but northward where 't is joyn'd to the continent and has only one gate It is not unlikely that it took its name from that bay below it which in a calm seems as it were a standing water and such as we in our Language call a Pool This in the last age was improv'd from a Sedgeplat with a few Fishermens huts to m Leland attributes the rise of this to the decay of Warham imagining that while the ships could go up so far and there unload it was in a prosperous condition but when for want of depth of water they lost that road 't is probable they took up at Poole and so by little and little enrich'd it a well frequented market-town and grew very wealthy being adorn'd with fair buildings f K. Hen. 6. by Act of Parliament transferr'd the franchises of the port of Melcombe which he had disfranchis'd to this place and gave leave to the Mayor to enclose it with walls which were afterwards begun at the haven by that Rich. 3. who deservedly bears the character of one of the worst of men and best of Kings But from that time by I know not what ill destiny or rather negligence of the towns-men it has been decaying so that now the houses for want of inhabitants are quite out of repair â—e râ—ver 〈◊〉 Into the west corner of this bay Frome a famous river of this county dischargeth it self for so 't is commonly call'd tho' the Saxons as we learn from Asserius nam'd it Frau from whence perhaps because this bay was formerly call'd Fraumouth latter ages imagin'd that the river was call'd Frome It has its rise at Evarshot near the western bounds of the shire from whence it runs Eastward by Frompton Frompton to which it has given it's name and is joyn'd by a rivulet from the north that flows by Cerne Abby Cerne Abby n Malmesb. de Gestis Pontificum fol. 142. b. which was built by Austin the English Apostle when he had dash'd to pieces the Idol of the Pagan Saxons there call'd Heil and had reform'd their superstitious ignorance 5 Here was first bred among the Religious men as I have read John Morton Cardinal and Archbishop of Canterbury born at S. Andrews Milborne worthily advanc'd to so high places for his good service in working England's happiness by the union of the two Houses of Lancaster and York and of this family there hath issued both Robert Bishop of Worcester and many Gentlemen of very good note in this Country and elsewhere More
Anderida sylva so nam'd from Anderida the next adjoyning city took up in this quarter 120 miles in length and 30 in breadth memorable for the death of Sigebert a King of the West-Saxons who being depos'd b In a place call'd Pryfetes flodan Aethelwerd l. 2. c. 17. was here stabb'd to death by a Swine-herd It has many little rivers but those that come from the north-side of the County presently bend their course to the sea and are therefore unable to carry vessels of burden It is full of Iron-mines everywhere Iron for the casting of which there are Furnaces up and down the Country and abundance of wood is yearly spent many streams are drawn into one chanel and a great deal of meadow-ground is turned into Ponds and Pools for the driving of Mills by the * Suo impetu flashes which beating with hammers upon the iron fill the neighbourhood round about night and day with their noise But the iron here wrought is not everywhere of the same goodness yet generally more brittle than the Spanish whether it be from it's nature or tincture and temper Nevertheless the Proprietors of the mines by casting of Cannon and other things get a great deal of money But whether the nation is any ways advantag'd by them is a doubt the next age will be better able to resolve Neither doth this County want Glass-houses Glass but the glass here made by reason of the matter or making I know not which is not so clear and transparent and therefore only us'd by the ordinary sort of people b This whole County as to it 's Civil partition is divided into 6 parts which by a peculiar term they call Rapes that is of Chichester Arundell Brembre Lewes Pevensey and Hastings every one of which besides their Hundreds has a Castle River and Forest of it 's own But c In the Map the Rapes are now duely distinguish'd and divided forasmuch as I have little knowledge of the limits within which they are bounded I design to take my way along the shore from west to east for the inner parts scatter'd here and there with villages have scarce any thing worth mentioning In the very confines of Hamshire and this County stands Bosenham Boseham commonly call'd Boseham environ'd round about with woods and the sea together where as Bede saith Dicul a Scotch Monk had a very small Cell and 5 or 6 Brothers living poorly and serving God which was a long time after converted into a private retreat for K. Harold From which place as he once in a little Pinnace made to sea for his recreation he was by a sudden turn of the wind driven upon the coast of France and there detain'd till he had by oath assur'd the Kingdom of England unto William of Normandy after the death of K. Edw. the Confessor by which means he presently drew upon himself his own ruin and the kingdom's overthrow But with what a subtle double meaning that cunning catcher of syllables Earl Godwin's double meaning Godwin Earl of Kent this Harold's Father got this place and deluded the Archbishop by captious wrestings of letters Walter Mapes who liv'd not many years after shall in his own very words inform you out of his book de Nugis Curialium This Boseham underneath Chichester says he Godwin saw and had a mind to and being accompanied with a great train of Lords comes smiling and jesting to the Archbishop of Canterbury whose town it then was My Lord says he give me * Alluding perhaps to Basium a Kiss in times past us'd in doing homage Boseam The Archbishop wondring what he demanded by that question I give you says he Boseam He presently with his company of Knights and Soldiers fell down as he had before design'd at his feet and kissing them with a world of thanks retires to Boseham and by force of arms kept possession as Lord of it and having his followers as Witnesses to back him gave the Archbishop a great many commendations as the Donor in the King's presence and so held it peaceably Afterwards as we read in Testa de Nevil which was an Inquisition of lands made in K. John's time King William who afterwards conquer'd England gave this to William Fitz-Aucher and his heirs in fee-farm paying out of it yearly into the Exchequer 40 pounds of silver d See in Wiltshire under the title Old Salisbury try'd and weigh'd and afterwards William Marshall held it as his inheritance Chichester Chichester in British Caercei in Saxon Cissanceaster in Latin Cicestria stands in a Plain farther inwards upon the same arm of the sea with Boseham a pretty large city and wall'd about built by Cissa the Saxon the second King of this Province taking also it 's name from him For Cissan-ceaster is nothing else but the City of Cissa whose father Aella was the first Saxon that here erected a kingdom Yet before the Norman conquest it was of little reputation noted only for St. Peter's Monastery and a little Nunnery But in the reign of William 1. as appears by Domesday book there were in it 100 Hagae and it was in the hands of Earl Roger †De 〈◊〉 Gomâ—rice i.e. of Montgomery and there are in the said place 60 houses more than there were before It paid 15 pound to the King and 10 to the Earl Afterwards when in the reign of the said William 1. it was ordain'd that the Bishops Sees should be translated out of little towns to places of greater note and resort this city being honour'd with the Bishop's residence which was before at Selsey began to flourish Not many years after Bishop Ralph built there a Cathedral Church which before it was fully finish'd was by a casual fire suddenly burnt down Notwithstanding by his endeavours and K. Hen. 1.'s liberality it was raised up again and now besides the Bishop has a Dean a Chaunter a Chancellor a Treasurer 2 Archdeacons and 30 Prebendaries At the same time the city began to flourish and had certainly been much frequented and very rich had not the haven been a little too far off and less commodious which nevertheless the citizens are about making more convenient by digging a new canal It is wall'd about in a circular form and is wash'd on every side except the north by the e The course of this river's stream is very unaccountable sometimes being quite dry but at other times and that very often too in the midst of Summer it is so full as to run very violently little river Lavant having 4 gates opening to the 4 quarters of the world from whence the streets lead directly and run cross in the middle where the market is kept and where Bishop Robert Read built a fine stone Piazza As for the castle which stood not far from the north gate it was anciently the seat of the Earls of Arundel who from hence wrote themselves Earls of Chichester Earls of
last Office he was able to pay him not to preserve his memory which his many Virtues had made immortal but his body committed to the ground in hopes of a joyful Resurrection As for the River which runs by and has its Spring in the Northern parts of this County it is enlarg'd by the influx of many Rivulets on both sides the most noted of which washes Cowdrey a noble seat of Viscount Montacute 7 Which for building oweth much to the late Viscount and formerly to Sir William Fâ—tz-Williams Earl of Southamton and has on it's other side Midherst 8 That is Middle-wood proud of its Lords the Bohuns who bear for their Arms A Cross Azure in a Field Or and from Ingelricus de Bohun under K. Hen. 1. flourish'd till Hen. 7's days who gave in marriage the Daughter and heir of John Bohun to Sir David Owen Knight the natural Son of Owen Theodore or Tudor with a large inheritance Bohuns of Mâ—dâ—â—â—â— Their Arms Spigurâ—el what a signifies These Bohuns were to note by the by the antiquity of a word now grown out of use for some time the Kings Spigurnels by inheritance that is the Sealers of his Writs which Office together with the Serjeanty of the King's Chapel was resigned to K. Edw. 1. by John de Bohun the Son of Franco as we read in an old Charter made concerning that very matter Next we have a sight of Pettworth Pettwâ—â—th which William D'Aubeney Earl of Arundel gave together with a ‖ large estate to Josceline of Lovain a Brabander Queen Adeliza's brother a younger son of Godfrey Duke of Brabant descended from the stock of Charlemain upon his marriage with Agnes the only daughter and heir of the Percies The Percies Since which time the posterity of that Josceline having assumed the name of Percy as we shall tell you elsewhere have held it See Northumberland in the end A family certainly very ancient and noble which derive their descent from Charlemain more directly and with a series of Ancestors much less interrupted than either the Dukes of Lorrain or Guise who so highly value themselves upon that account This Josceline as I have seen in a donation of his us'd this Title Josceline of Lovain Brother of Queen Adeliza Castellane of Arundel As the shore gives back from the mouth of Arun 9 Inwardly is Michelgrove that is Great Grove the heir general whereof so surnamed was married to John Shelley whereby with the profâ—ssion of the Law and a marriage with one of the Coheirs of Beknap the family of Shelley was greatly enrich'd near Tering lies Offingtons The faâ—â—â— of the Wâ—â—â— the seat of William West Baron De la-ware This of the Wests is a noble and ancient family whose estate being much enlarg'd by matching with the heirs of Cantelupe of Hempston and of Fitz-Reginald Fitz-Herbert was adorn'd also with the title of Baron by the heir general of the Lord De-la-ware Barons de 〈◊〉 Ware Hard by is a sort compass'd about with a bank rudely cast up where the inhabitants believe that Caesar intrench'd and sortify'd his Camp But Cissbury Cissbury the name of the place plainly shews it was the work of Cissa who was the second King of this Kingdom of the Saxon race succeeding Aella his father and with his brother Cimen and no small body of Saxons landed on this coast at Cimen shore Cimeâ—-shore so call'd of the said Cimen a place which now hath lost it's name but that it was near Wittering King Cedwalla's Charter of Donation made to the Church of Selsey is a very convincing proof There is another fort likewise to be seen two miles from Cissbury which they commonly call Chenkbury Thence near the sea lies Broodwater the Barony of the Lords de Camois Câ—mâ—â—s who flourish'd here from the time of King Edward 1. till * Heâ—â—â— time our Grandfathers remembrance when by female heirs the estate fell to the Lewkenors and Radmilds Of this family John Camois son of Lord Ralph Camois by a president not to be parallel'd in that nor our own age out of his own free will I speak from the Parliament Rolls themselves gave and demised his own wife Margaret daughter and heir of John de Gaidesden A Wâ—â—e given 〈◊〉 grantâ—◠〈◊〉 another Paâ—l â—â— Edw. â— to Sir William Painel Knight and to the same William voluntarily gave granted released and quit claimed all the goods and chattels which she hath or otherwise hereafter might have and also whatsoever was in his hands of the aforesaid Margaret 's goods and chattels with their appurtenances So that neither he himself nor any man else in his name might claim or challenge any interest nor ought for ever in the aforesaid Margaret from henceforth or in the goods or chattels of the said Margaret Which is as much as what the Ancients said in one word Ut omnia sua secum haberet that she should have away with her all that was hers By vertue of which grant when she demanded her dowry in the mannour of Torpull an estate of John Camois her first husband there commenc'd a memorable suit But she was cast in it and sentence pass'd That she ought to have no dowry from thence Upon a Statute made against Women absenting themselves from their Husbands c. This I mention with a sort of reluctancy but I perceive Pope Gregory had good reason to write to Archbishop Lanfrank that he heard there were some amongst the Scots that not only forsook their Wives but sold them too since even in England they so gave and demis'd them Upon the shore a little lower appears Shoreham Shoreham anciently Score-ham which by little and little has dwindled into a poor village now call'd Old Shoreham having given rise to another Town of the same name the greatest part whereof is ruin'd and under water and the commodiousness of it's Port by reason of the banks of sand cast up at the mouth of the river wholly taken away whereas in former ages it was wont to carry ships under sail as high as Brember Brember-Castâ—e at a pretty distance from the sea This was a castle formerly of the Breoses for K. William 1. gave it to William de Breose from whom the Breoses Lords of Gower and Brechnock are descended and from them also the Knightly Families of the Shirleys in this County and Leicestershire But now instead of a castle there is nothing but a heap of ruins beneath which lies Stening on set-days a well-frequented market which in Aelfred's Will if I mistake not is called Steyningham 10 In latter times it had a Cell of Black Monks wherein was enshrin'd St. Cudman an obscure Saint and visited by Pilgrims with Oblations e â—â—â—tus Ad â—ni 〈◊〉 Proâ—â—â—rum That ancient port also call'd Portus Adurni as it seems is scarce 3 miles off the mouth of the river where when the Saxons
misfortunes In the year of our Lord 676. it was destroy'd by Aethelred the Mercian and after that more than once plunder'd by the Danes Aethelbert King of Kent built a stately Church in it and adorn'd it with an Episcopal See making Justus first Bishop of it but when this Church was decay'd with age Gundulphus 46 A Norman repair'd it about the year 1080. and thrusting out the Priests put the Monks in their stead who too are now ejected and a Dean with 6 Prebendaries and Scholars fill their places Near the Church there hangs over the river a Castle fortify'd pretty well both by art and nature which the common opinion affirms to have been built by Odo Bishop of Bayeux and Earl of Kent But without all doubt William 1. was founder of it For we read thus in Domesday The Bishop of Rovecester holds in Elesforde for exchange of the ground upon which the castle stands 'T is certain however that Bishop Odo depending upon an uncertain turn of affairs held this against William Rufus 47 At which time there passed a Proclamation thro' England that whosoever would not be reputed a Niding should repair to recover Rochester-Castle whereupon the youth fearing that name most reproachful and opprobrious in that Age swarmed thither in such numbers that Odo was enforced to yield the place and that at last for want of provisions he did not only surrender it but was degraded too and quitted the Kingdom But as to the repairing of the castle take this out of the Textus Roffensis Textus Roffensis an ancient MS. book of that Church When William 2. would not confirm the gift of Lanfranck of the mannour of Hedenham in the County of Buckingham to the Church of Rochester unless Lanfranck and Gundulph Bp. of Rochester would give the King 100 l. of ‖ Centum libras Denariorum Deniers At last by the intercession of 48 Sir Robert Rob. Fitz-Hammon and Henry Earl of Warwick the King yielded that instead of the money which he demanded for a Grant of the mannour Bishop Gundulph because he was well vers'd in Architecture and Masonry should build for him the Castle of Rochester all of stone and at his own proper charges At length when the Bishops tho' with some difficulty were brought to a compliance Bishop Gundulph built the castle entirely at his own cost And a little while after K. Henry 1. as Florence of Worcester has it granted to the Church of Canterbury and the Archbishops the custody and Constableship of it for ever and liberty to build a tower for themselves within it Since which time it has suffer'd one or two sieges but then especially when the Barons wars alarm'd all England and Simon de Montefort 49 Earl of Leicester vigoâ—ously assaulted it tho' in vain and cut down the wooden bridge Instead of which a curious arch'd stone bridge was afterwards built with money rais'd out of the French spoils by John Cobham 50 Which was after repair'd But in the time of K. Rich. 2. Sir Robert c. and Robert * Call'd Canolius by the French Knowles the latter whereof rais'd himself by his warlike courage from nothing to the highest pitch of honour 51 At the end of the said bridge Sir John Cobham who much further'd the work erected a Chapel for our Elders built no notable bridge without a Chapel upon which besides the Arms of Saints are seen the Arms of the King and his three Uncles then living And long after Archbishop Warham coped a great part of the said bridge with iron-bars q The Medway posts thro' this bridge with a violent course like a torrent and as it were with a sort of struggling but presently growing more calm affords a Dock 52 At Gillingham and Chetham to the best appointed fleet that ever the Sun saw ready upon all emergent occasions The Royal Navy and built at great expence by the most serene Qu. Elizabeth for the safety of her Kingdoms See more of this at the end of the Additions to this County and the terror of her enemies who also for the security of it hath rais'd a fort upon the bank r 53 At Upnore Now Medway grown fuller and broader makes a pleasant show with it's curling waves and passes through fruitful fields till divided by Shepey-Island which I fancy to be the same that Ptolemy calls Toliatis it is carry'd into the aestuary of Thames by two mouths the one whereof westward is call d West-swale as the eastern one which seems to have cut Shepey Shepey from the Continent East-swale but by Bede Genlad and Yenlett This Island from the Sheep a multitude whereof it feeds was call'd by our Ancestors Shepey i.e. an island of sheep 't is exceeding fruitful in corn but wants wood being 21 miles in compass Upon the northern shore it had a small Monastery call'd now Minster Minster built by Sexburga wife to Ercombert King of Kent in the year 710. Below which a certain Brabander lately undertook to make brimstone and coperas out of stones found upon the shore by boyling them in a furnace Upon the west side it is fronted with a most neat and strong castle built by King Edward 3. and is as he himself writes of a pleasant situation to the terrour of the enemy and comfort of his own subjects To this he added a Burgh and in honour of Philippa of Hainault his Queen call'd it Queenborrough Queenborrough i.e. the burgh of the Queen The present Constable of it is 54 Sir Edward Edward Hoby a person whom I am always oblig'd to respect and who has very much improv'd his own excellent wit with the studies of Learning Upon the east is Shurland Shurland formerly belonging to the Cheineys now to 55 Sir Philip. Philip Herbert second son to Henry Earl of Pembroke whom K. James the same day created both Baron Herbert of Shurland and Earl of Montgomery This Island belongs to the Hundred of Midleton so call'd from the town of Midleton now Milton Milton It was formerly a Royal Village and of much more note than at present tho' Hasting the Danish pyrate fortify'd a Castle hard by it in the year 893. with a design to do it what mischief he could s Sittingburn Sittingborn a town well stor'd with Inns t and the remains of Tong-castle Tong. appear in the neighbourhood 56 With his new Mayor and Corporation which as some write was so call'd for that Hengist built it by a measure of thougs cut out of a beast's hide when Vortigern gave so much land to fortifie upon as he could encompas with a beast's hide cut into thongs Since the Conquest c. this last was the ancient Seat of Guncellin de Badilsmer The Family of Badilsmer a person of great Honours whose son Bartholomew begat that Guncellin who by the heiress of Ralph Fitz Bernard Lord
Dissolution the plate and jewels thereof fill'd two great chests each whereof requir'd eight men to carry them out of the Church Monast Angl. vol. 1. p. 18. So that the name of Christ to whom it was dedicated was almost quite laid aside for that of S. Thomas Nor was it so much fam'd for any other thing as the memory and burial of this man tho' it has some other tombs that may deservedly be boasted of particularly Edward Prince of Wales sirnam'd the Black a heroe for his valour in war a downright miracle and Henry 4. that potent King of England But King Henry 8. dispers'd all this wealth that had been so long in gathering and drove out the Monks in lieu whereof this Christ-Church has a Dean Archdeacon 12 Prebendaries and 6 Preachers whose business it is to sow the word of God in the neighbouring places It had another Church below the city to the East which disputed preeminence with this St. Augustine's commonly St. Austen's known by the name of S. Austin's because S. Austin himself and K. Ethelbert by his advice founded it to the honour of S. Peter and S. Paul for a burying place both to the Kings of Kent and the Archbishops for it was not then lawful to bury in Cities it was richly endow'd and the Abbot there had a Mint granted him and the Privilege of coyning money Now as the greatest part of it lyes in its own ruines and the rest is turn'd into a house for the King any one that beholds it may easily apprehend what it has been Austin himself was bury'd in the Porch of it and as Thomas Spot has told us with this Epitaph Inclytus Anglorum praesul pius decus altum Hic Augustinus requiescit corpore sanctus The Kingdom 's honour and the Church's grace Here Austin England's blest Apostle lays But Bede o Tho' Bede may be otherwise very good authority yet here he certainly fails for the title Archiepiscopus occurring in it is a plain evidence that 't is of later date since that title could not be then in the Western Church nor was it allow'd commonly to Metropolitans as Mabillon and others have observ'd till about the ninth age See Stillingfleet 's Origin Britan. p. 21 22. who is better authority assures us that he had over him this much more ancient Inscription HIC REQVIESCIT DOMINVS AVGVSTINVS DOROVERNENSIS ARCHIEPISCOPVS PRIMVS QVI OLIM HVC A BEATO GREGORIO ROMANAE VRBIS PONTIFICE DIRECTVS ET A DEO OPERATIONE MIRACVLORVM SVFFVLTVS ET ETHELBERTHVM REGEM AC GENTEM ILLIVS AB IDOLORVM CVLTV AD FIDEM CHRISTI PERDVXIT ET COMPLETIS IN PACE DIEBVS OFFICII SVI DEFVNCTVS EST SEPTIMO KALENDAS IVNIAS EODEM REGE REGNANTE That is Here resteth S. Augustine the first Archbishop of Canterbury who being formerly dispatch'd hither by the blessed Gregory Bishop of Rome and supported of God by the working of miracles both drew Ethelberht with his kingdom from the worship of Idols to the faith of Christ and also having fulfill'd the days of his Office dy'd on the 7th of the Kalends of June in the same King's reign With him there were bury'd in the same porch the six Archbishops that immediately succeeded and in honour of the whole seven namely Austin Laurentius Mellitus Justus Honorius Deus-dedit and Theodosius were those verses engraven in marble SEPTEM SUNT ANGLI PRIMATES ET PROTOPATRES SEPTEM RECTORES SEPTEM COELOQVE TRIONES SEPTEM CISTERNAE VITAE SEPTEMQVE LVCERNAE ET SEPTEM PALMAE REGNI SEPTEMQVE CORONAE SEPTEM SVNT STELLAE QUAS HAEC TENET AREA CELLAE Seven Patriarchs of England Primates seven Seven Rectors and seven Labourers in heaven Seven Cisterns pure of life seven Lamps of light Seven Palms and of this Realm seven Crowns full bright Seven Stars are here bestow'd in vault below It will not be very material to take notice of another Church near this which as Bede has it was built by the Romans and dedicated to S. Martin and in which before the coming of Austin Bertha of the blood Royal of the Franks and wife of Ethelbert was us'd to have divine Service celebrated according to the Christian Religion As to the Castle which appears on the south-side of the City with it's decay'd bulwarks since it does not seem to be of any great Antiquity I have nothing memorable to say of it but only that it was built by the Normans Of the dignity of the See of Canterbury which was formerly very great I shall only say thus much that as in former ages under the Hierarchy of the Church of Rome the Archbishops of Canterbury were Primates of all England Legates of the Pope and as Pope Urban 2. express'd it as it were Patriarchs of another world so when the Pope's Authority was thrown off it was decreed by a Synod held in the year 1534. that laying aside that title Primate and Metropolitan of all England they should be stil'd Primates and Metropolitans of all England This dignity was lately possess'd by the most reverend Father in God John Whitgift who having consecrated his whole life to God and his utmost endeavours to the service of the Church dy'd in the year 1604. extremely lamented by all good men He was succeeded by Richard Bancroft a man of singular courage and prudence in matters relating to the establishment of the Church Canterbury is 51 degrees 16 minutes in Latitude and 24 degrees 51 minutes in Longitude xx After Stour has gather'd it's waters into one chanel it runs by Hackington Hackington where Lora Countess of Leicester a very honorable Lady in her time quitting the pleasures of the world sequester'd her self from all commerce with it to have her time entire for the service of God At which time Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury began a Church in this place to the honour of S. Stephen and Thomas of Canterbury but the Authority of the Pope prohibiting it for fear it should tend to the prejudice of the Monks of Canterbury he let his design fall However from that time the place has kept the name of S. Stephens S. Stephens and Sir Roger Manwood Knight Lord chief Baron of the Exchequer a person of great knowledge in our Common Law to whose munificence the poor inhabitants are very much indebted was lately it's greatest ornament nor is his son Sir Peter Manwood Knight of the Bath a less honour to it at this day whom I could not but mention with this respect and deference since he is an encourager of virtue learning and learned men From hence the Stour by Fordich Fordich which in Domesday-book is call'd the little burrough of Forewich famous for it's excellent trouts passes on to Sturemouth 69 Which it hath now forsaken a mile and more yet left and bequeathed his name to it But now by Stoure-mouth runneth a brook which issuing out of S. Eadburgh's Well at Liming where the daughter to K. Ethelbert first of our
†Full. Wor. p. 17. That they who buy a house in Hertfordshire pay two years purchase for the air of it But as for the pastures Norden tells us there are but few to be met withall and that their meadows tho' here and there dispers'd are many of them cold and mossy And as to the soil in general he adds That in respect of some other Shires it is but a barren Country without the great toil and charge of the husbandman b In the north-west part of the Shire is Hitching Hitching which according to Mr. Norden had it's name from lying at the end of a wood call'd Hitch that formerly came up to it so that it 's true name must be Hitchend The main business of the inhabitants is Maulting and their market chiefly noted for Corn. c Going from hence to the south-east we find the Barrows â—arrows mention'd by our Author which I am not willing to imagine were either Roman burying-places or bounds but am apt to think they had some relation to the Danes For the Hundred at a little distance call'd Dacorum-Hundred and the place within it Dane-end seem to be an evidence of some remarkable thing or other the Danes either did or suffer'd in this place And Norden tells us but upon what grounds I know not that the incursions of the Danes were stop'd in this place where they receiv'd a signal overthrow which if true and built upon good authority makes the conjecture so much the more plausible d Near the river Lea lies Hatfield Hatâ—â—â—â—d now neither a Royal nor Bishop's seat but ‖ Bâ— p. 1â— belongs to the Right Honorable the Earl of Salisbury being a place of great pleasure upon the account of it's Parks and other conveniences For situation contrivance building prospect and other necessaries to make a compleat seat it gives way to few in England From this place most of our Historians affirm that William de Hatfeld son to King Edw. 3. took his name tho' 't was really from Hatfield in Yorkshire where to the neighbouring Abbot of Roch Qu. Philippa gave 5 marks and 5 nobles per An. to the Monks to pray for the soul of this her son and the sums being transferr'd to the Church of York are now paid by the Earl of Devonshire See the Additions to Yorkshire e Next the river runs to Hertford Heâ—â—â—â—rd call'd in Saxon Heortford a name no doubt took from a Hart with which one may easily imagine such a woody County to have formerly abounded What our Author says of the Rubrum vadum would indeed agree well enough to the south and west parts of the County where the soil is a red earth mix'd with gravel but the Hartingford adjoyning makes for the former opinion and the Arms of the Town which if rightly represented by ‖ 〈◊〉 Mâ—ps Spede are a Hart couchant in the water put it beyond dispute There is a very fair School founded by Richard Hale Esq a native of this County who endow'd it with 40 l. per An. f From hence the river runs to Ware Ware the denomination whereof from the Weares and not as some imagine from Wares or merchandise as it is confirm'd by the abundance of waters thereabouts which might put them under a necessity of such contrivances so particularly from the inundation in the year 1408. when it was almost all drown'd since which time says Norden and before there was great provision made by wayres and sluces for the better preservation of the town and the grounds belonging to the same The plenty of waters hereabouts gave occasion to that useful project of cutting the chanel from thence to London and conveying the New-river to the great advantage and convenience of that City g North from hence is Burnt-Pelham Burnt-Pâ—â—ham from some great fire or other that has happen'd there * Nâ—rd pâ— There were some fragments and foundations of old buildings which appear'd plainly to have been consum'd by fire and so to have given name to the place In the walls of the Church was a very ancient monument namely a man figur'd in a stone and about him an eagle a lion and a bull all winged and a fourth of the shape of an angel possibly contriv'd to represent the four Evangelists Under the feet of the man a cross-flowry and under the Cross a serpent but whether the monument be still there I cannot certainly tell h Next is Stortford â—â—ortfâ—rd since our Author's age grown into a considerable place well stock'd with inns and a good market-town The castle there seems to have been of great strength having within it a dark and deep Dungeon call'd the Convict's prison but whether that name denotes some great privileges formerly belonging to it I dare not with a late Author affirm i But to return to the Lea Tybaulds â—ybaulds in our Author's time seems to have been one of the most beautiful seats in the County As it was built by Sir William Cecil so was it very much improv'd by his son Sir Robert who exchang'd it with King James 1. for Hatfield house Fail Wor. 〈◊〉 1â— In the year 1651. it was quite defac'd and the plunder of it shar'd amongst the soldiers 〈◊〉 Albans k But to go from hence toward the west the ancient Verolamium first offers it self the Antiquities whereof are so accurately describ'd by our Author that little can be added 〈◊〉 Aâ—br MS. Some ruins of the walls are still to be seen and some of the Roman bricks still appear The great Church here was built out of the ruins of old Verulam and tho' time and weather have made the out-side of it look like stone yet if you break one of them or go up to the tower the redness of a brick presently appears About 1666. there was found a copper coin which had on one side Romulus and Remus sucking the Wolf on the other Rome but much defac'd l The brazen Font mention'd by Camden to have been brought out of Scotland 〈◊〉 Full. Wor. â— 32. is now taken away in the late civil wars as it seems by those hands which let nothing stand that could be converted into money m In the middle of this town K. Edw. 1. erected a very stately Cross about the year 1290. in memory of Qu. Eleanor who dâ—ing in Lincolnshire was carry'd to Westminster The same he did in several other places thro' which they pass'd some whereof are mention'd by our Author under their proper heads Viscounts â—arls and Marquesses The place hath given Title to several persons of quality that of Viscount to the famous Francis Bacon Lord Verulam and Lord Chancellour of England created Viscount of this place Jan. 18. 1620. Afterwards Richard de Burgh Earl of Clanrikard in the kingdom of Ireland was created Earl of St. Albans by K. Charles 1. and was succeeded in that honour by Ulick his son with whom that title dy'd for want of
as one expresses it will make you split your sides with laughing I know not whether I should here take notice into what vain groundless hopes of finding gold at Norton Norton hard by King Henry the eighth was drawn by an itching credulous Avarice But the diggings speak for me Between the Gipping and Wulpett upon a high hill are the remains of an old Castle call'd Hawghlee in compass about two acres Some will have this to have been call'd Hagoneth-Castle Hâ—gâ—â—eâ—h which belong'd to Ralph de Broc and was in the year 1173. taken and demolisht by Robert Earl of Leicester 13 During the intestine war between King Henry 2. and his disloyal son Upon the same river are seen Stow and Needham small Market-towns and not far from the bank Hemingston wherein Baldwin le Pettour observe the name held Lands by Serjeanty thus an ancient Book expresses it for which he was oblig'd every Christmas-day to perform before our Lord the King of England A merry Tenure one Saltus one Suffletus and one Bumbulus or as 't is read in another place he held it by a Saltus a Sufflus and Pettus that is if I apprehend it aright he was to dance make a noise with his cheeks puff'd out and to let a fart Such was the plain jolly mirth of those times 'T is also observ'd that the Manour of Langhall belong'd to this Fee Nearer the mouth I saw Ipswich Ipswâ—â— formerly Gippewich a little City lowly seated and as it were the eye of this County It has a pretty commodious harbour has been fortify'd with a ditch and rampire has a great trade and is very populous being adorn'd with fourteen Churches and large stately private buildings g I pass by the four Religious Houses now demolisht and the magnificent College begun by Cardinal Wolsey a butcher's son and born in this place whose vast thoughts were always took up with extravagant projects The Body Politick of it as I have been told consists of 12 Burgesses whom they call Portmen and out of them two Bailiffs are annually chosen for their chief Magistrates and as many Justices out of 24 more As to its Antiquity so far as my observation has carry'd me we hear nothing of its name before the Danish Invasion which it felt sufficiently In the year of our Lord 991. the Danes plunder'd this place and all along the sea-coast with so much cruelty and barbarity that Siricius Archbishop of Canterbury and the Nobility of England thought it most advisable to purchase a Peace of them for ten thousand pound But for all that before nine years were at an end they plunder'd this town a second time whereupon the English presently engaged them with a great deal of resolution but as Henry of Huntingdon has it by the cowardly fear of one single man Turkil our men were put to flight and the victory as it were dropt out of our hands Thus small accidents give a strange turn in the affairs of war In Edward the Confessor's reign as we find it in Domesday-book Queen Edeva had two parts of this town and Earl Guert a third and there were in it 800 Burgesses that paid Custom to the King But when the Normans had possess'd themselves of England they built here a Castle which Hugh Bigod held for some time against Stephen the usurping King of England but at last surrender'd it Now 't is so entirely gone to decay that there is not so much as the rubbish left Some are of opinion that it stood in the adjoyning parish of Westfeld where appear the remains â—f a Castle and tell you that was the site of old Gippwic I fancy it was demolisht when Henry the second levell'd Waleton Waletâ—â— a neighbouring Castle with the ground For this was a harbour for the Rebels and here the three thousand Flemings landed who were invited over by the Nobility to assist them against him when he had fell upon that unlucky design of making his son Henry an equal sharer with him in the Government and when the young man who knew not how to stay at the top without running headlong out of a mad restless desire of reigning declar'd a most unnatural war against his own father Though these Castles are now quite gone yet the shore is very well defended by a vast ridge they call it Langerston Langerston which for about two miles as one observes lays all along out of the Sea not without great danger and terrour to Mariners 'T is however of use to the Fishermen for drying of their fish and does in a manner fence the spacious harbour Orwell And thus much of the south part of this County From hence a crooked shore for all this Eastern part lyes upon the Sea running northward presently opens it self to the little river * Oâ—hers calâ— it â—â—â—aâ—â—â—g Deben It rises near Mendlesham to which the Lord of the place H. Fitz-Otho or the son of Otho †â—â—lpâ—oi◠〈◊〉 the Mint-master procur'd the privilege of a Market and Fair of Edward the first By his heirs a considerable estate came to the Boutetorts Bâ—utâ—tort Lords of Wily in Worcestershire and from them afterwards in the reign of Richard the scond to Frevil 14 Barkley of Stoke Burnel and others From hence the river Deben continues its course and gives name to Debenham a small Market-town which others will have call'd more rightly Depenham because the soil being moist and clayie the roads all round about it are deep and troublesome From thence it runs by Ufford formerly the seat of Robert de Ufford Earl of Suffolk and on the opposite bank is Rendilis-ham Rendilis-ham i.e. as Bede interprets it the home or mansion of Rendilus where Redwald King of the East-Angles commonly kept his Court. He was the first of all that People that was baptiz'd and receiv'd Christianity but afterwards seduc'd by his wife he had as Bede expresses it in the self same Church one Altar for the Religion of Christ and another for the Sacrifices to Devils Suidhelmus also King of the East-Angles was afterwards baptiz'd in this place by Cedda the Bishop From hence the river Deben runs on to Woodbridge a little town beautify'd with neat buildings where at certain set times is the Meeting for the Liberty of S. Etheldred and after the course of a few miles is receiv'd by the Sea at Bawdsey-haven Then the shore steals on by little and little towards the East By others câ—â—â—'d Wincâ—â—â—â— to the mouth of the river Ore which runs by Framlingham Fâ—amlingham formerly a Castle of the Bigods 15 Through the bounty of King Henry 1. and presently upon the west side of it spreads it self into a sort of Lake This is a very beautiful Castle fortify'd with a rampire a ditch and a wall of great thickness with thirteen towers within it has very convenient Lodgings From this place it was that in the year of our Lord
in the publick Records of the kingdom they must excuse me if I suspend my assent till they convince me upon better grounds Not but I own the family of the Glanvils to have made a very great figure in these parts But before Edward the third's time I could never yet find it vouch'd by good authority that any one was honour'd with the title of Earl of this County But that King made Robert de Ufford a person of great exploits both at home and abroad son of Robert Steward of the King's house under Edward the second by Cecilia de Valoniis Lady of Orford Earl of Suffolk To him succeeded his son William whose four sons were snatcht away by an untimely death in his life time and himself just as he was a going to report the opinion of the House of Commons in Parliament fell down dead Robert Willoughby Roger Lord of Scales Inq. 5. Rich. 2. and Henry de Ferrariis of Grooby as next heirs at Law divided the estate Lel. Com. in Cygnaam Cant. Wallingham p. 35â— Regist Mâ—n de Melsa And Richard the second advanc'd Michael de la Pole from a Merchant to this honour and to the dignity of Lord Chancellour of England Who as Tho. Walsingham tells us was better vers'd in merchandize as a Merchant himself and the Son of a Merchant than in martial matters For he was the son of William de la Pole the first Mayor of Kingston upon Hull See Hull in Yorkshire i See Brook's Catalogue p. 305. and Discovery of Errours p. 46. 57 58 59. who upon account of his great wealth had the dignity of a Banerett conferr'd upon him by Edward the third But wanting a spirit fit to receive those crowds of prosperity he was forc'd to quit his Country and dy'd in banishment However his being a Merchant does not by any means detract from his honour for who knows not that even our Noblemen's sons have been Merchants Nor will I deny that he was nobly descended though a Merchant 20 Michael his son being restor'd dy'd at the siege of Harslew and within the space of one month his son Michael was in like manner slain in the battel of Agincourt leaving daughters only Michael his son being restor'd had a son Michael slain in the battel of Agincourt and William whom Henry the sixth from Earl of Suffolk first created Marquiss of Suffolk 21 As also Earl of Pembroke to him and the heirs male of his body and that he and his heirs male on the Coronation-day of the Kings of England carry a golden Verge with a dove on the top of it and such another Verge of Ivory at the Coronation of the Queens of England Afterwards he advanc'd the same person for his great deserts to the honour and title of Duke of Suffolk And indeed he was a man truly great and eminent For when his father and three brothers had lost their life in the service of their Country in the French wars he as we read in the Parliament-Rolls of the 28th of Henry 6. spent thirty whole years in the same war For seventeen years together he never came home once he was taken while but a Knight and paid twenty thousand pound * Nostrae monetae sterling for his ransom Fifteen years he was Privy-Councellor and Knight of the Garter thirty By this means as he gain'd the entire favour of his Prince so did he raise the envy of the people 22 Insomuch that being vehemently accus'd of treason and misprisions and on that account summon'd to appear before the King and Lords in Parliament assembled after having answer'd the Articles objected he referr'd himself to the King's Order Whereupon the Chancellor by his Majesty's special command pronounc'd That whereas the Duke did not put himself on his Peers the King as for what related to the Articles of Treason would remain doubtful and with respect to those of Misprision not as a Judge by advice of the Lords but as a person to whose order the Duke had voluntarily submitted himself did banish him from the Realms and all other his Dominions for five years But he was surpriz'd c. and so for some slight misdemeanours and those too not plainly prov'd upon him he was banish'd and in his passage over into France was intercepted by the enemy and beheaded He left a son John who marry'd Edward the fourth's sister and had by her John Earl of Lincoln This Earl John being declar'd heir apparent to the Crown by Richard the third could not suppress his ambition but presently broke out against King Henry the seventh to his own destruction for he was quickly cut off 23 In the battel at Stoke in the Civil war to his father 's also who dy'd of grief and to the ruine of the whole family which expir'd with him For his brother Edmund styl'd Earl of Suffolk making his escape into Flanders began to raise a Rebellion against King Henry the seventh who better satisfy'd with repentance than punishment had pardon'd him for some heinous Crimes But a little after he was by Philip of Austria Duke of Burgundy against the Laws of Hospitality as they then worded it deliver'd up to Henry who solemnly promis'd him his life but clap'd him in prison Henry the eighth not thinking himself oblig'd to a promise of his father's when he had thoughts of going for France cut him off for fear there might be some insurrections in his absence But Richard his younger brother living under banishment in France made use of the title of Duke of Suffolk who was the last male of the family that I know of and dy'd bravely in the thick of the enemies troops An. 1524. in the battel of Pavie wherein Francis the first King of France was taken prisoner For his singular valour his very enemy the Duke of Bourbon bestow'd upon him a splendid Funeral †Atratúsque interâ—uit and was himself one of the Mourners Afterwards King Henry 8. conferr'd the title of Duke of Suffolk upon 24 Sir Charles Charles Brandon to whom he had given Mary his sister widow of Lewis the 12th King of France in marriage 25 And granted to him all the Hmours and Manours which Edmund Earl of Suffolk had forfeited He was succeeded by his young son Henry and Henry by his brother Charles but both dying of the ‖ Sudore Britannico Sweating-sickness 26 On one day in the year 1551. Edward the sixth dignify'd Henry Grey Marquiss of Dorchester who had marry'd Frances their sister with that title But he did not enjoy it long till he was beheaded by Queen Mary for endeavouring to advance his daughter to the Throne and was the last Duke of Suffolk From that time the title of Suffolk lay dead till of late King James in the first year of his reign created Thomas Lord Howard of Walden second son of Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk Earl of Suffolk
shillings 4 Prebendaries 6 Sextaries of honey and ‖ Ursum sex canes ad ursum a bear with 6 dogs to bait him Now it pays 70 pound by weight to the King a hundred shillings * De Gersuma as a fine to the Queen with an ambling Palfrey 20 pound †Blancas blank also to the Earl and 20 shillings fine by tale In the reign of William 1. this was the seat of a Civil war which Ralph Earl of the East-Angles rais'd against that King For after he had escap'd by flight his wife along with the Armorican Britains endur'd a close siege till for want of provisions she was forc'd to get off and quit her Country And at that time the City was so impair'd that as appears by the same Domesday there were scarce 560 Burgesses left in it Lanfrank Archbishop of Canterbury mentions this surrender in a Letter to King William in these words Your kingdom is purg'd from the infection of the Britains or Armoricans the Castle of Norwich is surrender'd and the Britains that were in it and had lands here in England upon granting them life and limb have took an oath to depart your Dominions within forty days and never to return more without your special licence From that time forward it began by little and little to recover it self out of this deluge of miseries and Bishop Herbert whose reputation had suffer'd much by Simoniacal practices translated the Episcopal See from Thetford hither He built a very beautiful Cathedral on the east and lower part of the City in a place till then call'd Cow-holme near the Castle the first stone whereof in the reign of William Rufus and year of our Lord 1096. he himself laid with this Inscription DOMINUS HERBERTUS POSUIT PRIMUM LAPIDEM IN NOMINE PATRIS FILII ET SPIRITUS SANCTI AMEN That is Lord Bishop Herbert laid the first stone in the name of the Father the Son and Holy Ghost Amen Afterwards he procur'd a Licence from Pope Paschal to confirm and establish it the mother-Church of Norfolk and Suffolk and endow'd it liberally with lands sufficient for the maintenance of 60 Monks who had their neat and curious Cloysters But these were remov'd and a Dean six Prebendaries with others put in their places After the Church thus built and an Episcopal See plac'd here it became a Town as Malmsbury has it famous for Merchandise and number of Inhabitants And in the 17th of King Stephen as we read in some ancient Records Norwich was built anew was a populous town and made a Corporation That King Stephen also granted it to his Son William for an Appennage as they call it or inheritance is very evident from the publick Records But Henry the second took it from him and held it himself notwithstanding Henry his Son the Junior-King as they call'd him when he endeavour'd after the Crown had promis'd it in large terms to Hugh Bigod Earl of Norfolk whom he had drawn over to his party Bigod however adhering to the young King who could not over-rule his eager hopes of the Crown with Justice and Equity miserably harrass'd this City and is thought to have rebuilt that Castle on the high hill near the Cathedral within the City encompast with a trench of such vast depth that in those times it was lookt upon as impregnable But Lewis of France under whom the rebellious Barons had joyn'd against King John easily took it by siege The reason why I fancy Bigod repair'd the Castle is because I observ'd Lions saliant cut in a stone in the same manner as the Bigods formerly us'd them in their seals of whom tho' there was one that made use of a Cross And this was the condition of Norwich in its infancy But in the next age it increas'd mightily and abounded with wealthy Citizens who by a humble petition in Parliament desir'd liberty of Edward the first to wall their City round and afterwards accordingly did it to the great strength and ornament of it †They obtain'd of King Richard the second that the Worsted made there might be transported In the year 1403. they obtain'd leave of Henry the fourth instead of Bailiffs which they had before to elect a Mayor yearly and in the very heart of the City near the market-place built a most beautiful Town-house which on the set days are furnisht with all manner of provisions 'T is partly indebted to the Netherlands who after they could no longer endure the tyranny of the Duke of ‖ Albani Alva nor the bloody Inquisition setting up flockt hither in great numbers and first brought in the manufacture of * Of Saies Baies and other Stuffs now much in use light worsted stuffs ‖ Levidenâ—ium quorundam pannorum But why am I so long upon these matters when they are all with the History of the Bishops the succession of their Magistrates and the fury of that villanous rebel Kett against this City very elegantly describ'd by Alexander Nevil a person eminent both for birth and learning I will only add that in the year 1583. the Citizens by the help of * Instrumento Hydragogico an artificial Instrument convey'd water through pipes into the highest part of the City And here I could summon both Polydore Virgil the Italian and Angelus Capellus the Frenchman to answer before the Tribunal of venerable Antiquity how they come to affirm that our old Ordovices who liv'd almost under another Hemisphere inhabited this Norwich I could bring the same Action against our Country-man Caius but that I am satisfy'd 't was nothing but a natural love of his native Country that blinded the learned old man And I have nothing more to add about Norwich unless you have a mind to run over these verses made upon it by John Johnston a Scotchman Urbs speciosa situ nitidis pulcherrima tectis Grata peregrinis delitiosa suis Bellorum sedes trepido turbante tumultu Tristia Neustriaco sub duce damna tulit Victis dissidiis postquam caput ardua coelo Extulit immensis crevit opima opibus Cultus vincit opes cultum gratia rerum Quam benè si luxus non comitetur opes Omnia sic adeò sola haec sibi sufficit ut si Fo rs regno desit haec caput esse queat A town whose stately piles and happy seat Her Citizens and Strangers both delight Whose tedious siege and plunder made her bear In Norman troubles an unhappy share And feel the sad effects of dreadful war These storms o'reblown now blest with constant peace She saw her riches and her trade increase State here by wealth by beauty wealth 's out-done How blest if vain excess be yet unknown So fully is she from her self supply'd That England while she stands can never want an head From Norwich the river Yare with the increase of other waters that take the same name rowls on in a winding chanel and abounds with the fish call'd a
house but Hugh Hare brother to Nicholas was he who so much improv'd the estate and dying without marriage left above 40000 pound between 2 nephews Not far from hence lies West-Dereham West-Dâ—â—eham famous for the birth of Hubert Walter who being bred up under the famous Lord Chief Justice Glanville became Archbishop of Canterbury Lord Chancellour under K. Rich. 1. Legate to Pope Celestine 4. and Lord Chief Justice of all England The respect he had for the place oblig'd him to build a Religious-house there wherein as a piece of gratitude for the many favours he had receiv'd he order'd that they should constantly pray for the soul of his great patron Ralph de Glanvilla CAMBRIDGE SHIRE At a little more distance from the sea is Congham Congham honour'd with the birth of Sir Henry Spelman that great Oracle of Law Patron of the Church and glory of England More inwards is Rougham Rougham the seat of the Yelvertons of whom William under Hen. 6. Christopher under Qu. Elizabeth and Henry under K. Charles 1. were Lord Chief Justices of England Next is Babbingley Babbingley whither Felix the Apostle of the East-Angles coming about the year 630. converted the inhabitants to Christianity and built the first Church in those parts whereof succeeding ages made S. Felix the patron Some remains of this passage are still found in the adjoyning mountains call'd Christian-hills and in Flitcham Fâ—itâ—ham a neighbouring place which imports as much as the village or dwelling-place of Felix bb Removing from the sea-coast towards the south-east Narburgh Narburgh lies in our way the termination whereof seems to suggest something of Antiquity and the place it self answers the name For there is an old Fortification and from hence to Oxburgh has been a military foss tho' it be now levell'd in some places But what puts it beyond dispute is that Sir Clement Spelman contriving an Orchard at the foot of the hill digg'd up the bones of men in great abundance and likewise old pieces of armour cc Upon the north-side of the Hier stands Elmham Eâ—â—ham which till within these two ages was never under the jurisdiction of any secular Lord. For under the Heathens 't is said to have been the habitation of a Flamin and after their conversion to Christianity by Felix it came into the possession of the Bishops The See was first at Dunwich but when it was thought too great for the management of one it was divided into two Dioceses the one to reside at Dunwich for Suffolk and the other at Elmham for Norfolk dd Directly south is East-Dereham East Dereham call'd also Market-Dereham which having been almost all burnt to the ground is now rebuilt into a fair town and Hingham another market town not far from it hath had both the same disease and cure ee About 4 miles from Ic-burrough lies Weeting Weeting near Brandon-ferry wherein is an old wasted castle moated about and at a mile's distance eastward is a hill with certain small trenches or ancient fortifications call'd Gimes-graves of which name the inhabitants can give no account On the west-side of this place from the edge of the Fen arises a bank and ditch which running on for some miles parts that bound of Weeting from Wilton and Feltwell and is call'd the Foss In the fields of Weeting is a fine green way call'd Walsingham-way being the road for the pilgrims to the Lady of Walsingham And about a mile from the town north is another like it from Hockwold and Wilton upon which are two stump crosses of stone supposed to be set there for direction to the pilgrims Continuation of the EARLS and DUKES By the Attainder of the last Thomas the title of Duke of Norfolk being taken away Philip his eldest son was call'd only Earl of Arundel by descent from his mother and he being attainted of High-Treason for favouring the Popish party had the sentence of death pass'd upon him but his execution being forborn he dy'd in the Tower An. 1595. His son and only child Thomas was created Earl of Norfolk Jun. 6. 20 Car. 1. and dy'd at Padua An. 1646. leaving two sons Henry and Thomas whereof Henry succeeded his father and he likewise was succeeded by Thomas his eldest son in his Titles of Earls of Arundel Surrey and Norfolk who at the humble petition of several of the Nobility was May 8. 13 Car. 2. restor'd to the title of Duke of Norfolk Which is now among others enjoy'd by Henry Howard Earl Marshal of England More rare Plants growing wild in Norfokl Atriplex maritima nostras Ocimi minoris folio Sea-Orrache with small Basil leaves Found by Dr. Plukenet near Kings-Lynne Acorus verus sive Calamus Officinarum Park The sweet-smelling Flag or Calamus Observed by Sir Thomas Brown in the river Y are near Norwich See the Synonymes in Surrey Lychnis viscosa flore muscoso C. B. Sesamoides Salamanticum magnum Ger. Muscipula Salamantica major Park Muscipula muscoso flore seu Ocymoides Belliforme J. B. Spanish Catchfly By the way-sides all along as you travel from Barton mills to Thetford plentifully Spongia ramosa fluviatilis Branched river-sponge In the river Y are near Norwich Turritis Ger. vulgatior J. B. Park Brassica sylvestris foliis integris hispidis C. B. Tower-mustard In the hedges about the mid-way between Norwich and Yarmouth Verbascum pulverulentum flore luteo parvo J. B. an mas foliis angustioribus floribus pallidis C. B. Hoary Mullein About the walls of Norwich Vermicularis frutex minor Ger. Shrub Stonecrop This was shew'd us by Sir Thomas Brown of Norwich who had it from the sea-coast of Norfolk See the Synonymes in Glocestershire Urtica Romana Ger. Park Roman Nettle At Yarmouth by the lanes sides not far from the Key N. Travelling from Lynne to Norwich I observed by the way side not far from Norwich the Medica sylvestris J. B. which is usually with a yellow flower and therefore called by Clusius Medica frutescens flavo flore to vary in the colour of the flower and to become purplish like the Burgundy Trefoil or Sainct-foin CAMBRIDGESHIRE MORE into the Country lies the County of Cambridge by the Saxons call'd a Grantâ—bryegscyr Grentbrigg-scyre and by the common people Cambridge-shire stretch'd lengthways to the north It borders upon Norfolk and Suffolk on the east Essex and Hertfordshire on the south Bedford and Huntingdon Shires on the west and Lincolnshire on the north the river Ouse running from west to east crosses and divides it into two parts The south and lower part is more improv'd better planted and consequently more rich and fertil sufficiently plain but not quite level chiefly or indeed wholly setting aside that part which plentifully produces Saffron consisting of Corn-fields abundantly stor'd with the best Barley of which they make great quantities of Byne or Malt Byne Malt. by steeping it till it sprout again then drying it over a Kiln
Râ—â—land of this family John departed this life Sept. 29. 1679. and left this title to his only son John the present Earl of Rutland LINCOLNSHIRE THIS County of Lincoln borders upon Rutland on the East call'd by the Saxons Lincollscyre by the Normans upon their first entrance into this Island by a transposal of Letters Nicolshire but commonly now Lincolnshire 'T is a very large County being almost sixty miles long and in some places above thirty broad fitted by the mildness of the air for the produce of corn and feeding of cattel adorn'd with many towns and water'd with many rivers On the East-side it shoots out a †Supercilium foreland of great compass which bounds upon the German Ocean on the North it reaches as far as the Abus or Humber an arm of the sea on the West it joyns to Nottinghamshire and on the South 't is parted from Northamptonshire by the river Welland The whole County is divided into three parts Holland Kesteven and Lindsey as we in our language call it a Holland Holland which Ingulphus calls Hoiland is next the sea and like Holland in Germany is so very moist in many places that the print of one's foot remains in it and the surface it self shakes if stampt on from whence it may seem to have took its name unless with Ingulphus one would have Hoiland to be the right name and that it deriv'd it from the Hay made here 1 With our Progenitors broadly call'd Hoy. b All this part lyes upon that Estuary which Ptolemy calls Metaris Metaris instead of Maltraith at this day The Washes The Washes This Estuary is very large and famous cover'd with water at every flowing of the tide and passable again at every ebb tho' not without danger as King John to his own loss experienc'd for whilst in the Barons war he attempted to pass here he lost all his carriages and furniture near Foss-dyke and Welstream by a sudden inundation as Matthew of Westminster tells us This part of the County call'd Silt which the Inhabitants from the great heaps of sand believe to have been forsaken by the sea is so assaulted on one side with the ocean and on the other with a mighty flood of waters which drain from the higher Country that all the winter they constantly watch it and can hardly with their cast-up banks defend themselves against those dangerous enemies The ground produceth very little corn but much grass and is well stor'd with fish and sea-fowl but the soil is so soft that they work their horses unshod and you shall not find so much as a little stone which has not been brought from some other place yet however the Churches here are beautiful and well built of square stone 'T is very evident from the banks cast up against the waters now distant two miles from the shore and from the hills near Sutterton which they call Salt-hills Salt-hillâ— that the sea came further up Here is great want of fresh water in all places having no other supply but the rain water in pits which if deep soon turn the water brackish if shallow grow presently dry Here are many quick-sands Qâ—ick-sands and the Shepherds and their flocks are often with great danger made sensible that they have a wonderful force in sucking in any thing that comes upon them and retaining it fast LINCOLNSHIRE by Roâ—â— Mâ—rden â—â—l's of â—â—wland If out of the same Author I should describe the Devils of Crowland with their blubber lips fiery mouths scaly faces beetle heads sharp teeth long chins hoarse throats black skins hump shoulders big bellys burning loins bandy legs tail'd buttocks c. that formerly haunted these places and very much troubled Guthlacus and the Monks you 'd laugh perhaps at the story and much more at my madness in telling it Since the situation and nature of the place is strange and different from all others in England and the Monastery particularly famous in former times I shall give you the description of it somewhat at large This Crowland lyes in the fenns so enclos'd and encompass'd with deep bogs and pools that there is no access to it but on the north and east-side and these by narrow Causeys This Monastery and Venice if we may compare things of such different size and proportion have the same situation It consists of three streets separated each from the other by water-courses planted with willows built on piles driven into the bottom of the pool having communication by a triangular bridge curiously built under which the inhabitants say there was a very deep pit dig'd to receive the concourse of waters there Beyond the bridge where as one words it †â—n â—ilum â—atur 〈◊〉 the bog is become firm ground stood formerly that famous Monastery of very small compass about which unless on that side where the town stands the ground is so rotten and boggy that a pole may be thrust down thirty foot deep there is nothing round about it but reeds and next the Church a grove of alders However the town is pretty well inhabited but the cattel are kept far from it so that when the owners milk them they go in boats that will carry but two call'd by them Skerrys Their greatest gain is from the fish and * Anatum 〈◊〉 wild Ducks that they catch which are so many that in August they can drive at once into a single net 3000 ducks they call these pools their corn fields for there is no corn grows within five miles For this liberty of taking of fish and fowl they formerly paid yearly to the Abbot as they do now to the King three hundred pounds sterling 'T is not necessary to write the private history of this Monastery for 't is extant in Ingulphus now printed yet I am willing to make a short report of that which Peter Blesensis * â—â—â—e-â—anâ—â—ius Vice-chancellour to King Henry the second among other things related concerning the first building of this Monastery in the year 1112. to the end that by one single precedent we may learn by what means and supplys so many rich and stately Religious-houses were built in all parts of this kingdom Joffrid the Abbot obtain'd of the Arch-bishops and Bishops of England an Indulgence to every one that helped forward so religious a work for the third part of the penance enjoyn'd for the sins he had committed With this he sent out Monks every where to pick up money and having enough he appointed St. Perpetua's and Felicity's day to be that in which he would lay the foundation to the end the work from some fortunate name might be auspiciously begun At which time the Nobles and Prelates with the common People met in great numbers Prayers being said and Anthems sung the Abbot himself laid the first corner stone on the East-side after him every noble man according to his degree laid his stone some laid money others Writings by
naufraga Petri Ductorem in mediis expectat cymba procellis Now thy vast honours with thy virtues grow Now a third mitre waits thy sacred brow Deserted Wigorn mourns that thou art gone And Kent's glad sons thy happy conduct own Now Rome desires thee Peter wants thy hand To guide his leaky vessel safe to land This city was in all probability built by the Romans when to curb the Britains who dwelt beyond Severn they planted cities at convenient distances all along upon its east-bank just as they did in Germany on the south-side of the Rhine It is seated upon an easie ascent from the river over which lieth a bridge with a tower upon it It was anciently fenced with lofty Roman walls as an old parchment-roll informs us and hath to this day a good firm wall But its glory consists in its inhabitants who are numerous courteous and wealthy by means of the Cloathing trade in the neatness of its buildings the number of Churches and most of all in the Episcopal See which Sexuulfus Bishop of the Mercians placed here A. D. 680. building a Cathedral Church in the south part of the city which hath often been repair'd and by the Bishops and Monks hath been lengthened westward a little at a time almost to Severn side It is really a fair and magnificent Structure ennobled with the monuments of King John Arthur Prince of Wales and some of the Beauchamps A College also of learned men called Prebendaries no less famous than were formerly the Priory of Monks or College of Secular Priests here For in this Church presently upon its first foundation as in the other Abbies of England were placed married Presbyters Married Priests who govern'd those Churches a long time with great reputation for sanctity till Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury in a Synod decreed Register of the Church of Worcester A. D. 964. That for the future all Religious men in England should lead a single life For then Oswald Bishop of this See who was a most zealous promoter of Monkery remov'd the Priests and plac'd Monks in their room which King Edgar attests in these words l The Convents both of Monks and Virgins were destroy'd and neglected all England over which I have determined to repair to the praise of God for the benefit of my own soul and to increase the number of the Servants of God of both sexes and accordingly I have already settled Monks and Nuns in seven and forty houses and resolve if Christ spare me life to do it that I will go on in the oblation of my devout munificence to God till I have made them up fifty the number of the years of Remission Wherefore at present that Monastery in the Episcopal See of Worcester which the reverend Bishop Oswald hath to the honour of Mary the holy mother of God enlarged and having expelled the Secular Clerks c. by my assent and favour bestowed on the religious servants of God the Monks I do by my royal Authority confirm to the said religious persons leading a Monastick life and with the advice and consent of my Princes and Nobles do corroborate and consign c. After some considerable time when through the incursions of the Danes and civil broils the state of this Church was so decay'd that in the place of that numerous company of Monks which Oswald founded here scarce 12 were left Wulfstan S. Wulstan who sate Bp. of this See about A. D. 1090. restor'd it and augmented the number of Monks to 50. and also built a new Church He was a mean scholar even in the account of that age but a person of such simplicity and unfeigned integrity and of a conversation so severe and strict that he was a terrour to ill men and beloved by all that were good insomuch that after his death the Church gave him a place in the Kalendar among the Saints Now after they had flourished in great wealth and power above 500 years King Hen. 8. expell'd these Monks and in their room placed a Dean and Prebendaries and founded a Grammar-school for the instruction of youth Close by this Church remain the bare name and ground-plot of the Castle Which as we read in William of Malmesbury's history of Bishops Ursus made Sheriff of Worcester by William 1. built in the very teeth of the Monks so that the grass took away part of their cemetery But this Castle through the injury of time and casualty of fire hath many years since been ruined The City also hath been more than once burnt down A. D. 1041. it was set on fire by Hardy-Canute who being enraged at the Citizens for killing his Huscarles so they call'd his Officers who collected the Danegelt did not only fire the City Marianus but also massacre all the inhabitants except such as escaped into Bevercy a small island in the river Nevertheless we find in the survey of William 1. that in the days of Edward the Confessor it had a great many Burgesses and was rated at xv hide-land and when the Mint went every Minter gave xx shillings at London for stamps to coin withall In the year 1113. a casual fire which consumed the Castle burnt the roof of the Church also During the Civil wars in K. Stephen's reign it was fired once and again but suffered most when that King took the City Anno 15 Steph. Reâ—â—â— which he had unadvisedly put into the hands of Walleran Earl of Mellent but at that time he could not carry the Castle m However it still rose out of the ashes with greater beauty and hath flourished under an excellent Government managed by two Bailiffs chosen out of 24 Citizens two Aldermen and two Chamberlains with a Common Council consisting of 48 Citizens more n As to the Geographical account of it it 's Longitude from the west Meridian is 21 degrees 52 minutes and hath the north pole elevated 52 degrees and 12 minutes o From Worcester taking its course westward the river passeth by Powick Barons of Powick anciently the seat of John Beauchamp whom K. Hen. 6. raised to the dignity of a Baron whose estate soon after heirs female carried to the Willoughbies of Broke the Reads and Ligons p Hence through rich and fragrant meadows it runs by Hanley Hanley formerly a Castle belonging to the Earls of Glocester and Upton Upton a noted market town where Roman Coins are frequently dug up Not far off on the right-hand Severn hath the prospect of Malvern Malvern hills hills hills indeed or rather great and lofty mountains for about seven miles together rising like stairs one higher than the other and dividing this County from that of Hereford On the top Gilbert de Clare Earl of Glocester did anciently cast up a ditch all along to part his lands from those of the Church of Worcester which ditch is still to be seen and is very much admired pp On the other side Severn and near the same distance
which is but shallow however they have communication with one another by two Causeys made over it which have each of them their respective sluces The South part or that hithermost is by much the greater divided into several streets and has in it a School and for the relief of poor people a pretty large Hospital dedicated to St. John The further is the less yet beautified with a very sightly Church which with the fine walls that castle like surround it those fair neat houses for the Prebendaries and the Bishop's Palace all about it makes an incomparable shew with those three lofty Pyramids of stone in it This was a Bishop's See many ages since For in the year of our Redemption 606. Oswy King of Northumberland having conquer'd the Pagan Mercians built a Church here for the propagation of the Christian Religion and ordain'd Duina the first Bishop whose Successors were so much in favour with their Princes that they not only had the preheminence among all the Mercian Bishops and were enrich'd with very large possessions Cankwood or Canoc a very great wood and other exceeding rich farms being given them but the See also has had an Arch-Bishop namely Eadulph to whom Pope Adrian gave the Pall and made all the Bishops of the Mercians and the East-Angles subject to him being induc'd to it by the golden arguments of Offa King of the Mercians out of envy to Jeambert or Lambert Arch-Bishop of Canterbury About 〈◊〉 year 〈◊〉 Hiâ—t Roâ—â—â—s who offer'd his assistance to Charles the Great if he would invade England But this Archiepiscopal dignity expir'd with Offa and Eadulph Among the Bishops the most eminent is * S. Câ—â—â— Chad who was canoniz'd for his sanctity and as Bede says when the Prelacy was not as yet tainted with excess and luxury made himself a house to live in not far distant from the Church wherein with a few others that is with seven or eight of his brethren he was wont privately to read and pray as often as he had leisure from his labour and administring of the word of God In that age Lichfield was but a small village and in populousness far short of a City The Country about it is woody and a little river runs near it The Church was but of small circuit according to the meanness of those ancient times When in a Synod 1075. 't was prohibited that Bishop's Sees should be in obscure villages Peter Bishop of Lichfield transferr'd his seat to Chester But Robert of Limsey his successor remov'd it to Coventry A little after Roger Clinton brought it back again to Lichfield and began a very fine Church in 1148. in honour to the Virgin Mary and St. Ceada and repair'd the castle which is quite decay'd and nothing of it to be seen at this day The town within the memory of our fathers was first incorporated under the name of Bailiffs and Burgesses by K. Edward the sixth being 52 degrees and 42 minutes in Latitude and in Longitude 21 degrees 20 minutes o * Bishop Usher had rather place this Terra Conallea at Clan-conal in the County of Down Antiquitat Brit. Eccl. p. 369. fol. This Lake at Lichfield is at first pent up into a narrow compass within its banks and then it grows wider afterwards but uniting it self at last into a chanel it presently falls into the Trent which continues its course Eastward till it meets the river Tame from the South in conjunction with which it runs through places abounding with Alabaster Alabaster to the Northward that it may sooner receive the river Dove and almost insulate Burton Burton upâ—â— Trent formerly a remarkable town for the Alabaster-works for a castle of the Ferrars 13 Built in the Conquerour's time for an ancient Monastery founded by Ulfric Spot Earl of the Mercians and for the retirement of Modwena 〈◊〉 is also 〈◊〉 Mowâ—â—â— an Irish woman Of the Abbey the Book of Abingdon speaks thus A certain servant of King Aethelred's call'd Ulfric Spot built the Abbey of Burton and endow'd it with all his paternal estate to the value of 700 l. and that this gift might stand good he gave King Aethelred 300 mancs of gold for his confirmation to it and to every Bishop five mancs besides the town of Dumbleton over and above to Alfrick Arch-Bishop of Canterbury So that we may see from hence that gold was predominant in those ages and that it sway'd and byass'd even in spiritual matters In this Monastery Modwena eminent for her sanctity in these parts lies buried and on the Tomb these Verses were inscribed for her Epitaph Ortum Modwennae dat Hibernia Scotia finem Anglia dat tumulum dat Deus astra poli Prima dedit vitam sed mortem terra secunda Et terram terrae tertia terra dedit Aufert Lanfortin quam * â— Conel terra Conallea profert Foelix Burtonium virginis ossa tenet By Ireland life by Scotland death was given A Tomb by England endless joys by Heaven One boasts her birth one mourns her hopeless fate And one does earth to earth again commit Lanfortin ravish'd what Tirconnel gave And pious Burton keeps her sacred grave Near Burton between the rivers Dove Trent and Blith which waters and gives name to Blithfield Blithfield the delicate house of an ancient and famous family of the Bagot 's p stands Needwood â—edwoodâ—â—â— a large Forest with many Parks in it wherein the Gentry hereabouts frequently exercise themselves with great labour and application in the pleasant toils of hunting So much for the inner parts The North-part of the County gently shoots into small hills which begin here and as the Appennine do in Italy run through the middle of England in one continu'd ridge rising higher and higher from one top to another as far as Scotland but under several names For here they are call'd Mooreland â—â—oreland after that Peake then again Blackston-edge anon Craven next Stanmore and last of all when they branch out apart into horns Cheviot This Mooreland which is so call'd because it rises into hills and mountains and is unfruitful which sort of places we call in our language Moors is a tract so very rugged foul and cold that snow continues long undissolv'd on it so that of a Country village here call'd Wotton seated at the bottom of Wever-hill the Neighbours have this verse among them intimating that God never was in that place Wotton under Wever Where God came never 14 Nevertheless in so hard a soil it brings forth and feeds beasts of a large size 'T is observ'd by the Inhabitants here that the West-wind always causes rain but that the East-wind and the South-wind which are wont to produce rain in other places make fair weather here unless the wind shift about from the West into the South and this they ascribe to their small distance from the Irish-sea From these mountains rise many rivers in this Shire
They are at this day distinguish'd from the Welsh by their speech and customs and they speak a language so agreeable with the English which indeed has much affinity with Dutch that this small Country of theirs is call'd by the Britains Little England beyond Wales Little England beyond Wales This saith Giraldus is a stout and resolute Nation and very offensive to the Welsh by their frequent skirmishes a people much inured to cloathing and merchandize and ready to increase their stock at any labour or hazard by sea and land A most puissant Nation and equally prepared as time and place shall require either for the sword or plow And that I may add also this one thing a Nation most devoted to the Kings of England and faithful to the English and which in the time of Giraldus understood Soothsaying or the inspection of the Entrails of beasts even to admiration Moreover the Flemings-way which was a work of theirs as they are a Nation exceeding industrious is seen here extended through a long tract of ground The Welsh endeavouring to regain their old country have often set upon these Flemings with all their power and have ravag'd and spoil d their borders but they always with a ready courage defended their lives their fortunes and reputation a Whence William of Malmesbury writes thus of them and of William Rufus William Rufus had generally but ill fortune against the Welsh which one may well wonder at seeing all his attempts elsewhere prov'd successful But I am of opinion that as the unevenness of their country and severity of the weather favour'd their rebellion so it hinder'd his progress But King Henry that now reigns a man of excellent wisdom found out an art to frustrate all their inventions by planting Flemings in their country to curb and continually harass them And again in the fifth book King Henry often endeavour'd to reduce the Welsh who were always prone to rebellion at last very advisedly in order to abate their pride he transplanted thither all the Flemings that liv'd in England For at that time there were many of them come over on account of their relation to his mother by her father's side insomuch that they were burdensome to the Kingdom wherefore he thrust them all into Ros a Province of Wales as into a common shore as well to rid the Kingdom of them as to curb the obstinacy of his enemies On the more westerly of these two rivers call'd Cledheu in a very uneven situation lies Haverford Haverford-west call'd by the Britains Hwlfordh a town of good account as well for it s neatness as number of inhabitants 3 Situate upon an hill side having sâ—arce one even street but is steep one way or other This is a County of it self and is govern'd by a Mayor a Sheriff and two Bayliffs It is reported th t the Earls of Clare fortify'd it on the noâ—th-side with walls and a rampire and we have it râ—corded that Richard Earl of Clare made Richard Fitz-Tankred Governour of this castle Beyond Ros we have a spacious Promontory extended far into the Irish sea call'd by Ptolemy Octopitarum Octopitarum by the Britains Pebidiog and Kantrev Dewi and in English St. David's Land St. David'-land A Land saith Giraldus both rocky and barren neither clad with trees nor distinguish'd with rivers nor adorn'd with meadows but expos'd continually to the winds and storms however the retiring place and nursery of several Saints For Calphurnius a British Priest as some have written I know not how truly begat here in the vale of Rhôs St. Patrick St. Patrick the Apostle of Ireland on his wife Concha sister of St. Martin of Tours And Dewi a most Religious Bishop translated the Archiepiscopal seat from Kaer-Leion to the utmost corner of this place viz. Menew b or Menevia which from him was afterwards call'd by the Britains Ty Dewi i.e. David's House by the Saxons Dauyd-Mynster and by our modern English St. David's St. David's For a long time it had its Archbishops but the plague raging very much in this Country the Pall was translated to Dôll in Little Britain which was the end of this Archiepiscopal dignity Notwithstanding which in the later ages the Britains commenc'd an Action on that account against the Archbishop of Canterbury Metropolitan of England and Wales but were cast What kind of place this St. David's was heretofore is hard to guess seeing it has been so often sack'd by Pirates at present it is a very mean city and shews only a fair Church consecrated to St. Andrew and St. David Which having been often demolish'd was built in that form we now see it in the reign of King John by Peter then Bishop thereof and his successors in the Vale as they call it of Rhôs under the town Not far from it is the Bishop's palace and very fair houses of the Chanter who is chief next the Bishop for here is no Dean the Chancellour the Treasurer and four Archdeacons who are of the Canons whereof there are 4 Twenty two twenty one all inclosed with a strong and stately wall 5 Whereupon they call it The Close This Promontory is so far extended westward that in a clear day we may see Ireland and from hence is the shortest passage into it which Pliny erroneously computed to be thirty miles distant from the Country of the Silures for he thought their country had extended thus far But we may gather from these words of Giraldus that this Cape was once extended farther into the sea and that the form of the Promontory has been alter'd At such time as Henry 2. saith he was in Ireland Truâ—iâ—â—â— Stâ—nâ—â— trees 〈◊〉 sea by reason of an extraordinary violence of storms the sandy shores of this coast were laid bare and that face of the land appear'd which had been cover'd for many ages Also the Trunks of trees which had been cut down standing in the midst of the sea with the strokes of the axe as fresh as if they had been yesterday with very black earth and several old blocks like Ebony So that now it did not appear like the sea-shore but rather resembl'd a grove by a miraculous Metamorphosis perhaps ever since the time of the Deluge or else long after at leastwise very anciently as well cut down as consumed and swallowed up by degrees by the violence of the sea continually encroaching upon and washing off the land c And that saying of William Rufus shews that the lands were not here disjoyn'd by any great sea who when he beheld Ireland from these rocks said He could easily make a bridge of ships whereby he might walk from England into that Kingdom There are excellent and noble Falcons Falcons that breed in these rocks which our King Henry 2. as the same Giraldus informs us was wont to prefer to all others For unless I am deceiv'd by some of that neighbourhood they are of that
Karneu with the addition of the English termination don signifying Mountain or Hill as in Snowdon Huntingdon c. which conjecture is much confirm'd when we consider there are many hills in Wales denominated from such heaps of stones as Karn Lhechart in Glamorganshire Karnedh Dhavidh Karnedh Higin and Karnedh Lhewelyn in Caernarvonshire with many more in other Counties d Tralhwn from Tre'r Lhyn is an Etymology â—â—ymology 〈◊〉 the word â—â—alhwn agreeable enough with the situation of this place otherwise I should be apt to suspect the word Tralhwn might be the name of a place near this pool before the town was built and that the town afterwards took its name from it For in some parts of Wales 't is a common appellative for such soft places on the Roads or elsewhere as travellers may be apt to sink into as I have observ'd particularly in the Mountains of Glamorganshire And that a great deal of the ground near this place is such is also very well known As for the Etymon of the appellative Tralhwn I suppose it only an abbreviation of Traeth lyn i.e. a Quagmire e Concerning the situation of the old Mediolanum â—edâ—olaâ—â—m our Author seems to discourse with that judgment and modesty as becomes the character he justly bears in the world and since his time I cannot learn that any Roman Monuments have been discover'd at either of the places he mentions that might remove his scruples and fully determine the position of that City His arguments for the agreeableness of the names of Mediolanum and Mylhin though he writes it Methlin are so valid that I know not what can be objected to them However it seems observable that we do not find it was customary among the Britains to prefix the word Lhan i.e. Church to the name of Roman Cities but if any word was prefixt 't was generally Kaer i.e. a Fort or Fence as Caer Lheion Kaer Went Kaer Vyrdhin c. And tho' we should allow the invalidity of this objection and suppose the word Lhan might be introduced in latter times yet considering that a learned and inquisitive Gentleman of this Town who amongst his other studies has always had a particular regard to the Antiquities of his Country has not in the space of forty years met with any Coyns here or other tokens of a place inhabited by the Romans nor yet discover'd the least signs that this town was anciently of any considerable note I think we cannot safely barely on account of its name and vicinity to the situation requir'd conclude it the old Mediolanum Therefore it seems convenient to have recourse to the situation assign'd this City by Dr. Powel before our Author writ his Britannia who in his learned Annotations on Giraldus's Itinerary * ‖ L 2. c. 4. assures us 't was not only the opinion of some Antiquaries that the ancient Mediolanum was seated where the village of Meivod stands at present but also that the same village and places adjoyning afforded in his time several such remarkable Monuments as made it evident there had been formerly a considerable town at that place This Meivod is seated about a mile below Mathraval on the North-side of the river Myrnwy and three miles Southward of Lhan Vylhin at the situation our Author requires At present there remains only a Church and a small village but several yet living have seen there the ruins of two other Churches I am inform'd that about a mile from the Church there 's a place call'd Erw'r Porth i.e. the Gate-acre which is supposed to have taken its name from one of the Gates of the old City and that in the grounds adjoyning to this village Cawsways Foundations of Buildings Floors and Harths are often discover'd by Labourers but whether any such Monuments as we may safely conclude Roman as Coyns Urns Inscriptions c. are found at this place I must leave to farther enquiry Meivod as Bishop Usher supposes is call'd by Nennius Cair Meguid and in other copies Cair Metguod but what the word Meguid or Metguod or yet Meivod or Mediolanum might signifie is hardly intelligible at present at leastwise I cannot discern that the modern British affords us any information concerning the origin of these names Mathraval mention'd here as formerly the seat of the Princes of Powys shews at present no remains of its ancient splendour there being only a small Farm-house where the Castle stood Lhan Vylhin is a market-town of considerable note first incorporated by Lhewelyn ap Grufydh Lord of Mechain and Mochnant in the time of Edward the second It 's govern'd by two Bailiffs chosen annually who besides other Privileges granted to the town by King Charles the second bearing date March 28. Anno Reg. 25. were made Justices of the Peace within the Corporation during the time of their being Bailiffs f The Lordship of Powys was afterwards purchased by Sir Edward Herbert second son of William Earl of Penbroke to whom succeeded his eldest son Sir William Herbert created Lord Powys by King James the first whom his son Percy succeeded in the same title But his son William was first made Earl of Powys by King Charles the second and afterwards Marquiss of Powys by King James Since Philip Herbert second son of Henry Earl of Penbroke was created Earl of Montgomery Earls of Montgomery 3 Jac. 1. May 4 the same persons have enjoy'd the titles of Penbroke and Montgomery and at present both are joyn'd in the right honourable Thomas Baron Herbert of Cardiff c. MEIRIONYDHSHIRE BEyond the County of Montgomery lies Meirionydhshire which the Britains call Sîr Veirionydh in Latin Mervinia and by Giraldus Terra filiorum Conani It reaches to the crooked bay I mention'd and is wash'd by the main Ocean on the west-side with such violence that it may be thought to have carried off some part of it On the south for some miles 't is divided from Cardiganshire by the river Dyvy and on the north borders on Caernarvon and Denbighshire Mountains exâ—eeding high This County hath such heaps of mountains that as Giraldus observes 't is the roughest and most unpleasant County of all Wales 1 And Wales For the hills are extraordinary high and yet very narrow and terminating in sharp peaks nor are they thin scatter'd but placed very close and so eaven in height that the shepherds frequently converse from the tops of them who yet in case they should wrangle and appoint a meeting can scarce come together from morning till night a Innumerable flocks of sheep graze on these mountains nor are they in any danger of Wolves Wolves in England destroy'd which are thought to have been then destroy'd throughout all England when King Edgar impos'd a yearly tribute of three hundred wolves skins on †No Prince of this name in Wales An leg Idwal See Derbyshire and Yorkshire Ludwal Prince of these Countries For as we find in William of Malmesbury When he had
Rhodes when the great Mahomet was worsted It is now in the hands of Mr. Ralph Thoresby of Leeds East from Knaresbrough stands Ribston-hall â—â—â—ston-â—all the pleasant Seat of the Right Honourable Sir Henry Goodrick Baronet Ambassadour from King Charles the second to the King of Spain now Privy-Councellor and Lieutenant of the Ordnance of the Tower of London hh Another river call'd Ure must be our next direction carrying us to Rippon â—â—ppon where in the Minster-yard is this modest Inscription for a two thousand pound Benefactor Hic jacet Zacharias Jepson cujus aetas fuit 49. perpaucos tantum annos vixit ii It brings us next to Burrowbridge â—â—rrwâ—dge where the Pyramids call'd by the common people the Devil's Arrows are most remarkable That they are artificial we have the opinion of Mr. Camden and the Devil's Coits in Oxofrdshire confirm it which Dr. 〈◊〉 of â—f â—â—th 〈◊〉 Plot affirms to be made of a small kind of stones cemented together whereof there are great numbers in the fields thereabout But whether our Author's conjecture of their being set up as Trophies by the Romans may be allow'd is not so certain A â—ct Sâ—aff 〈◊〉 later Antiquary seems inclin'd to conclude them to be a British work supposing that they might be erected in memory of some battel fought there but is rather of opinion that they were British Deities agreeing with the Learned Dr. Stillingfleet and grounding upon the custom of the Phoenicians and Greeks Nations undoubtedly acquainted with Britain before the arrival of the Romans who set up unpolish'd stones instead of images to the honour of their Gods kk Hard by this is Aldburrow confirm'd to be the Is-urium Is urium of the Ancients from several Roman Coyns and chequer'd Pavements digg'd up there some of which are now in the Musaeum of the ingenious Mr. Thoresby But to be a little more particular upon the remains of Antiquity they meet with take the following account which is the substance of a Letter from Mr. Morris Minister of the place Here are some fragments of Aquiducts cut in great stones and cover'd with Roman tyle In the late Civil wars as they were digging a Cellar they met with a sort of Vault leading as 't is said to the river if of Roman work for it has not yet met with any one curious enough to search it it might probably be a Repository for the Dead The Coyns generally of brass but some few of silver are mostly of Constantine and Carausius tho' there are two of Maximian Dioclesian Valerian Severus Pertinax Aurelius and of other Emperours as also of Faustina and Julia. They meet with little Roman heads of brass and have formerly also found coyn'd pieces of gold with chains of the same metal but none of late About two years ago were found four signet polisht stones three whereof were Cornelians The first had a horse upon it and a stamp of Laurel shooting out five branches the second a Roman sitting with a sacrificing dish in one hand and resting his other on a spear the third a Roman if not Pallas with a spear in one hand wearing a helmet with a shield on the back or on the other arm and under that something like a quiver hanging to the knee the fourth of a purple colour has a Roman head like Severus or Antonine Several Pavements have been found about a foot under-ground and compass'd about with stones of about an inch square but within are little stones of a quarter that bigness wrought into knots and flowers after the Mosaick-fashion No Altars are met with but pieces of Urns and old Glass are common In the Vestry-wall of the Church is plac'd a figure of Pan or Silvanus in one rough stone nyched ll From hence the Ure or Ouse runs to York York in the Antiquities whereof our Author has been so particular that we have little to add This ancient and noble City might have had an agreeable light if Sir Thomas Widdrington a person accomplisht in all Arts as well as his own profession of the Laws after he had wrote an entire History of it had not upon some disgust prohibited the publication The original Manuscript is now in the possession of Thomas Fairfax of Menston Esq Near the Castle stands the shell of Clifford's Tower which was blown up the 24th of April 1684. In the year 1638. in a house near Bishop-hill was found this Altar which is now at the Duke of Buckingham's house in York I. O. M. DIS DEABVSQVE HOSPITALIBVS PE NATIBVSQ OB. CON SERVATAM SALVTEM SVAM SVORVMQ P. AEL MARCIAN VS PRAEF COH ARAM. SAC f. NCD mm Dr. Tobias Matthews was Archbishop of this place * Inscript of the Church of York whose wife Frances a prudent Matron daughter of Bishop Barlow a Confessor in Queen Mary's time was a great Benefactress to the Church bestowing upon it the Library of her husband which consisted of above 3000 Books She is memorable likewise for having a Bishop to her father an Archbishop Matthew Parker of Canterbury to her father-in-law four Bishops to her brethren and an Archbishop to her husband nn The Cathedral Church after it had been burnt down in K. Stephen's time by little and little reviv'd The Thoresby mention'd by our Author was a great benefactor to it and the 29th of July 1631. laid the first stone of the new Quire to which at 16 payments he gave so many hundred pounds besides many other less sums for particular uses towards câ—â—â—ing on that work As he was Archbishop of 〈◊〉 so also was he Lord Chancellour of England and Cardinal Spelm. Gâ— in Cancellarius which I the rather take notice of here because he is omitted by Onuphrius as the Inscription of his seal testifies S. Johis Sci P. ad vincula presbyteri Cardinalis The dimensions of this Cathedral were exactly taken by an ingenious Architect and are as follows  Feet Length beside the buttresses 524 ½ breadth of the east-end 105 breadth of the west-end 109 breadth of the Cross from north to south 222 breadth of the Chapter-house 058 ½ heâ—â—ht of the Chapter-house to the Canopy 086 ½ height of the body of the Minster 099 height of the Lanthorn to the Vault 188 height to the top-leads 213 oo Southward from York is Nun-Apleton Nun-Apleton so call'd from a Nunnery founded there by the Ancestors of the Earls of Northumberland afterwards the seat of Thomas Lord Fairfax General of the Parliament-army who merits a memorial here upon account of the peculiar respect he had for Antiquities As an instance whereof he allow'd a considerable pension to that industrious Antiquary Mr. Dodsworth to collect those of this County which else had irrecoverably perish'd in the late wars For he had but just finish'd the transcript of the Charters and other Manuscripts then lying in St. Mary's tower in York before the same was blown up and all those sacred remains
Fâ—â—conberg Lucie married to Marmaduke de Thwenge from whom the Baron Lumley is descended Margaret married to Robert de Roos and Laderina married to John de Bella-aqua men of great honour and repute in that age The Posterity of Walter de Falconberg flourish'd a long time but at last the estate fell by a female to 2 Sir William William Nevil famous for his valour and honour'd with the title of Earl of Kent by King Edward the fourth His daughters were married to J. Coigniers N. Bedhowing and R. Strangwayes Near Hunt-cliff on the shore when the tide is out the rocks shoot out pretty high and upon these your Sea-calves which we contractedly name Seales as some think for Sea-veals or Sea-calves lodge in great droves and there sleep and sun themselves Upon one of the rocks nearest to the shore some one of these stands centry as it were and when any body comes near he either pushes down a stone or casts himself upon the water with great noise to alarm the rest that they may provide for themselves and get into the water Their greatest fear is of men if they are pursued by them and want water they commonly keep them off by casting up sand and gravel with their hinder feet They are not in such awe of women so that those men that would take them disguise themselves in their habit Here are found on this Coast yellowish and reddish stones some rusted over with a brinish substance which by their smell and taste resemble Coperas Nitre and Brimstone and also great store of Pyrites like brass in colour Near at Huntly Nabb the shore which for a long way together has lain open now riseth high with craggs and up and down at the bottoms of the rocks lye stones of several sizes so exactly form'd round by nature that one would think them bullets cast by some Artist for the great Guns If you break them you find within Stony-serpents wreath'd up in Circles but generally without heads Hence we come in view of Wilton-castle â—â—â—ton formerly belonging to the Bulmers Higher up at Dobham the river Tees flows into the Sea having first receiv'd many small rivulets the last of which is a nameless one entring it near Yarum â—â—â—um known for its market and washes Stokesley â—â—â—kesley a small market-town likewise which hath been long in the hands of the famous family de Eure. Below these â—â—â—â—lton stands Wharlton-castle which formerly belonged to the Barons Meinill and Harlsey to the family of Hothom but afterwards to the Strangwayes both of them old and ruinous The mouth of the Tees I spoke of was hardly trusted by Mariners heretofore but now it is found to be a safe Harbour and to direct the entrance there were Light-houses made upon both sides of it within the memory of this age Four miles from the mouth of this river Gisburgh stands upon a rising ground at present a small town while it was in its prime it was very much graced by a beautiful and rich Monastery built about the year 1119. by Robert de Brus Lord of the town It has been the common burial-place for all the Nobility of these parts and has produced Walter de Hemingford no unlearned Historian The place is really fine and may for pleasantness a curious variety and the natural advantages of it compare with Puteoli in Italy and then for a healthful and agreeable situation it certainly far surpasses it The coldness of the air which the sea occasions is qualified and broken by the hills between the soil is fruitful and produces grass and fine flowers a great part of the year it richly abounds with veins of metal and Alum-earth of several colours but especially with those of ocher and murray from which they now begin to extract the best sort of Alum and Coperas in great plenty This was first discover'd a few years since by the admirable sagacity of that learned Naturalist Sir Thomas Chaloner Kt. to whose tuition his present Majesty has committed the delight and glory of Britain his son Prince Henry by observing that the leaves of trees were ‖ 〈◊〉 is â—rere of a more wealky sort of Green here than in other places that the oaks shot forth their roots very broad but not deep and that these had much strength but little sap in them that the soil was a white clay speckled with several colours namely white yellowish and blue that it never fâ—oze and that in a pretty clear night it shin d and sparkl'd like glass upon the road-side h Next Ounesbery-Topping a steep mountain and all over green riseth so high that it appears at a great distance and it is the land-mark that directs sailers and a prognostick to the neighbours hereabouts For when it's top begins to be darken'd with clouds rain generally follows 3 Whereupon they have a pâ—overbial ‑ Rhime When Rosebery Topping wears a Cap Let Cliveland then beware of a Clap. Near the top of it a fountain issues from a great stone very good for sore eyes And from hence the valleys round it the grassy hills green meadows rich pastures fruitful corn-fields fishy rivers and the creeky mouth of the Tees low and open shores yet free from inundation and the sea with the ships in it render the prospect very delicate Beneath this stands Kildale a Castle belonging to the Percies Earls of Northumberland and more to the eastward Danby which from Brus by the Thwengs came to the Barons Latimer from whose heir are descended the Willoughbies Barons Broke But this Danby among other estates was sold to the Nevils of whom George Nevil was summon'd among the Barons to Parliament by Henry 6. under the title of Lord Latimer Barons Latimer in whose posterity that dignity remain'd to our age i I have nothing now to observe here The History of Câ—nterbury but that the Baron de Meinill held some lands in this County of the Archbishops of Canterbury and that the Coigniers and Strangwaies 4 And â—aâ—cks â—â—scended c. with some others descended from them are obliged to be attendant and to pay certain military services to the Archbishops for the same Praerogativ Reg. 1â— Edw. 2. Wardship And whereas the King of England by his prerogative these are the very words of it shall have the Wardship of all the lands of them that hold of him in chief by Knights service of which themselves as tenants have been seised in their demesne as of fee at the time of their decease of whomsoever they held by the like service so that themselves notwithstanding hold of the King any tenement of the ancient demesne of the crown till such time as the heir has come to years Yet these fees are excepted and others of the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of Durham 5 â—etween Tine and Tâ—es so that they shall have the wardship of such lands tho'
as his right in Parliament against Henry the sixth Rolls â— 6. as being son of Ann Mortimer sister and heir to Edmund Earl of March descended in a right line from Philippa the daughter and sole heir of Leonel Duke of Clarence third son of King Edward the third and therefore in all justice to be preferred in the succession to the Crown before the children of John of Gaunt the fourth son of the said Edward the third When it was answer'd him That the Barons of the Kingdom and the Duke himself had sworn Allegiance to the King that the Kingdom by Act of Parliament was conferr'd and entail'd upon Henry the fourth and his heirs that the Duke deriving his title from the Duke of Clarence never took the Arms of the said Duke and that Henry the fourth was possess'd of the Crown by the right he had from Henry the third All this he easily evaded by replying that the said Oath sworn to the King being barely a human Constitution was not binding because it was inconsistent with truth and justice which are of Divine appointment That there had been no need of an Act of Parliament to settle the Kingdom in the line of Lancaster neither would they have desired it if they could have rely'd upon any just title and as for the Arms of the Duke of Clarence which in right belonged to him he had in prudence declin'd the using them as he had done challenging the Kingdom till that moment and that the title derived from Henry the third was a ridiculous pretext to cloak the injustice and exploded by every body Tho' these things pleaded in favour of the Duke of York shew'd his title to be clear and evident yet by a wise foresight to prevent the dangers that might ensue upon it the matter was so adjusted That Henry the sixth should possess and enjoy the Kingdom for life and that Richard Duke of York should be appointed his heir and successor in the Kingdom 10 He and his heirs to succeed after him with this proviso that neither of them should contrive any thing to the prejudice of the other However this heady Duke was quickly so far transported with ambition that by endeavouring to anticipate his hopes he raised that pernicious war between the Houses of York and Lancaster Wars between the House of York and Lancaster or between the Red-rose and the white distinguish'd by the white and the red Roses Which in a short time prov'd fatal to himself at Wakefield King Henry the sixth was four times taken prisoner and at last deprived of his Kingdom and his Life Edward Earl of March son of Richard then obtain'd the Crown and tho' he was deposed yet he recover'd it thus Fortune inconstant and freakish made her sport with the rise and fall of Princes many of the Blood-royal and of the greatest of the Nobility being cut off those hereditary and rich Provinces of the Kings of England in France being lost Ireland neglected and relapsed to their old wildness the wealth of the Nation wasted and the harass'd people oppress'd with all sorts of misery Edward being now settled in his Throne the fourth King of that name bestow'd the title of Duke of York upon Richard his second son who with the King his brother was destroy'd very young by that Tyrant Richard their Uncle Next Henry the seventh conferr'd it upon his younger son who was afterwards by the name of Henry the eighth crown'd King of England And now very lately King James invested his second son Charles whom he had before in Scotland made Duke of Albany Marquis of Ormond Earl of Ross and Baron Ardmanoch 11 A little child not full four years of age tho' but a child Duke of York by girding him with a Sword to use the words of the form putting a Cap and Coronet of Gold upon his head and by delivering him a Verge of Gold after he had the day before according to the usual manner created both him and eleven others of noble families Knights of the Bath There are in this County 459 Parishes with very many Chapels under them which for number of Inhabitants are comparable to great Parishes RICHMONDSHIRE THE rest of this County which lyes towards the North-west and is of large extent is call'd Richmondshire or Richmountshire The name is taken from a Castle built by Alan Earl of Bretagne in Armorica to whom William the Norman Conquerour gave this shire which belong'd to Edwin an English-man by this short Charter I William sirnam'd Bastard King of England do give and grant to you my Nephew Alan Earl of Bretagne and to your heirs for ever all the villages and lands which of late belong'd to Earl Eadwin in Yorkshire with the Knights-fees and other Liberties and Customs as freely and honourably as the same Eadwin held them Dated from our Siege before York With craggy Rocks and vast Mountains this shire lyes almost all high the sides of them here and there yield pretty rank grass the bottoms and valleys are not altogether unfruitful The hills afford great store of Lead Pit-Coal and also Brass Brass Lead and Pit-coal In a Charter of Edward the fourth's there is mention'd a Mineral or Mine of Coper near the very City of Richmond But covetousness which carries men even to Hell has not induced them to sink into these Mountains diverted perhaps by the difficulties of carriage On the tops of these Mountains Stone-cockles as likewise in other places there have sometimes been found stones resembling Sea cokcles and other Water-animals which if they are not the Miracles of Nature I cannot but think with Orosius a Christian Historian tâ—at they are the certain signs of an universal deluge in the times of Noah The Sea as he says being in Noah's time spread over all the earth and a deluge pour'd forth upon it so that this whole world was overfloated and the Sea as heaven surrounded the earth all mankind was destroyed but only those few saved in the ark for their faith to propagate posterity as is evidently taught by the most faithful Writers That this was so they have also been witnesses who knowing neither past times nor the Author of them yet from the signs and import of those stones which we often find on mountains distant from the sea but overspread with cockles and oysters yea oftentimes hollow'd by the water have learn'd it by conjecture and inference k Where this Shire touches upon the County of Lancaster the prospect among the hills is so wild solitary so unsightly and all things so still that the borderers have call'd some brooks that run here Hell becks Hell beâ—ks that is to say Hell or Stygian rivulets especially that at the head of the river Ure which with a bridge over it of one entire stone falls so deep that it strikes a horror upon one to look down to it Here is safe living in this tract for goats deer and stags which
and all the North over M. Lilium convallium Ger. Lilly convally or May-lilly On Ingleborough and other hills Lunaria minor Ger. Park botrytis J. B. racemosa minor vel vulgaris C. B. Moonwort Though this grows somewhere or other in most Counties of England yet have I not found it any where in that plenty and so rank and large as on the tops of some mountains near Settle Lysimachia Chamaenerion dicta latifolia C. B. Chamaenerion Ger. Chamaenerion flore Delphinii Park minùs recté Rose-bay Willow-herb In the meadows near Sheffield and in divers other places Lysimachia lutea flore globoso Ger. Park bifolia flore globoso luteo C. B. altera lutea Lobelii flore quasi spicato J. B. Yellow loose strife with a globular spike or tuft of flowers Found by Mr. Dodsworth in the East-Riding of this County M. Muscus clavatus sive Lycopodium Ger. Park Club-moss or Wolfs-claw Muscus clavatus foliis Cupressi C. B. Ger. emac. clavatus cupressiformis Park terrestris ramosus pulcher J. B. Sabina sylvestris Trag. Selaginis Plinianae prima species Thal. Cypress moss or Heath-cypress Muscus terrestris repens clavis singularibus foliosis erectis Smaller creeping Club-moss with erect heads Muscus erectus Abietiformis nobis terrestris rectus J. B. Selago 3. Thalii Upright fir-moss Muscus terrestris rectus minor polyspermos Seeding mountain mosse All these sorts are found upon Ingleborough hill The last about springs and watery places The first and third are common to most of the moores and fells in the north of England Ornithogalum luteum C. B. Park luteum seu Cepe agraria Ger. Bulbus sylvestris Fuchsii flore luteo seu Ornithogalum luteum J. B. Yellow Star of Bethlehem In the woods in the northern part of Yorkshire by the Tees side near Greta bridge and Brignall Pentaphylloides fructicosa Shrub-Cinquefoil On the south bank of the river Tees below a village called Thorp as also below Eggleston Abbey At Mickle Force in Teesdale there are thousands of these plants Pentaphyllum parvum hirsutum J. B. Small rough Cinquefoil In the pastures about Kippax a village three miles distant from Pontefraict Pyrola Ger. J. B. nostras vulgaris Park Common Winter-green We found it near Halifax by the way leading to Kighley but most plentifully on the moors south of Heptenstall in the way to Burnley for near a mile's riding Pyrola folio mucronato serrato C. B. serrato J. B. tenerior Park Secunda tenerior Clusii Ger. Sharp-pointed Winter-green with serrate leaves In Haselwood-woods near Sir Walter Vavasor's park Polygonatum floribus ex singularibus pediculis J. B. latifolium flore majore odoro C. B. majus flore majore Park latifolium 2. Clusii Ger. Sweet smelling Solomon's seal with flowers on single foot-stalks On the ledges of the scars or cliffs near Settle and Wharf Primula veris flore rubro Ger. Clus Paralysis minor flore rubro Park-parad Verbasculum umbellatum Alpinum minus C. B Birds-eyn In the mountainous meadows about Ingleborough and elsewhere in moist and watery places Pyrola Alsines flore Europaea C. B. Park Herba trientalis J. B. Winter green with Chickweed flowers At the east end of Rumbles-mear near Helwick Pyrola Alsines flore Brasiliana C. B. prod Winter green Chickweed of Brasil Found near Gisburgh in Cleveland as was attested to me by Mr. Lawson Ranunculus globosus Ger. Park parad flore globoso quibusdam Trollius flos J. B. montanus Aconiti folio flore globoso C. B. Indeed it ought rather to be entitled an Aconite or Wolfsbane with a Crowfoot flower The Globe-flower or Locker gowlons In the mountainous meadows and by the sides of the mountains and near water-courses plentifully Ribes vulgaris fructu rubro Ger. vulgaris acidus ruber J. B. fructu rubro Park Grossularia sylvestris rubra C. B. Red Currans In the woods in the northern part of this County about Greta-bridge c. Ribes Alpinus dulcis J. B. Sweet Mountain-Currans Found in this County by Mr. Dodsworth Rhodia radix omnium Autorum Telephium roseum rectius Rosewort On the rocks on the north-side of Ingleborough hill plentifully Rosa sylvestris pomifera major nostras Rosa pomifera major Park parad The greater English Apple-Rose In the mountainous parts of this County it is very frequent Rosmarinum sylvestre minus nostras Park Ledum palustre potiùs dicendum Wild Rosemary or Marsh Holy Rose On Mosses and moorish grounds Rubus saxatilis Ger. Alpinus saxatilis Park Alpinus humilis J. B. Chamaerubus saxatilis C. B. The stone-Bramble or Raspis On the sides of Ingleborough hill and other hills in the West-Riding Salix folio laureo seu lato glabro odorato Bay-leav'd sweet Willow In the mountainous parts of the West-Riding by the rivers and rivulets Salix pumila montana folio rotundo J. B. Round-leaved mountainous dwarf Willow On the rocks upon the top of Ingleborough hill on the north-side and on an hill called Whernside over against Ingleborough on the other side of the subterraneous river Sedum Alpinum ericoides caeruleum C. B. J. B. Mountain Sengreen with Heath-like leaves and large purple flowers On the uppermost rocks on the north-side of Ingleborough Sedum minus Alpinum luteum nostras Small yellow mountain-Sengreen On the sides of Ingleborough-hill about the rivers and springing waters on the north-side of the hill plentifully Sedum Alpinum trifido folio C. B. Alpinum laciniatis Ajugae foliis Park Sedis affinis trisulca Alpina flore albo J. B. Small mountain-Sengreen with jagged leaves On Ingleborough and many other hills in the north part of this County Sedum purpureum pratense J. B. minus palustre Ger arvense seu palustre flore rubente Park palustre subhirsutum purpureum C. B. Small Marsh-Sengreen On the moist Rocks about Ingleborough-hill as you go from the hill to Horton in Ribbles-dale in a ground where Peat is got in great plenty Sideritis arvensis latifolia hirsuta flore luteo Broad-leav'd rough Field-Ironwort with a large flower In the West-riding of Yorkshire about Sheffield Darfield Wakefield c. among the Corn plentifully Trachelium majus Belgarum Giant Throatwort Every where among the Mountains Thalictrum minus Ger. Park C. B. The lesser Meadow-rue Nothing more common on the Rocks about Malham and Wharfe Thlaspi foliis Globulariae J. B. montanum Glasti folio minus Park C. B. opp In the mountainous pastures going from Settle to Malham plentifully Thlaspi vel potiùs Leucoium sive Lunaria vasculo sublongo intorto Lunar Violet with an oblong wreathen cod On the sides of the Mountains Ingleborough and Hinckel-haugh in moist places and where waters spring Vaccinia Nubis Ger. Chamaemorus Clus Anglica Park item Cambro-britannica ejusdem Rubo Idaeo minori affinis Chamaemorus J. B. Chamaemorus folio Ribes Anglica C. B. Cloud-berries Knot-berries or Knout-berries This I found plentifully growing and bearing fruit on Hinckel-haugh near Settle I have found it also in Ingleborough and Pendle hills but not in
whereof one was rebuilt at the publick charge of the Corporation A. D. 1682. and endow'd with sixty pounds per annum whereof thirty is for the maintenance of a Catechetical Lecturer who is to expound the Catechism of the Church of England every Sunday and to preach a Sermon every first Wednesday in the month Twenty pounds are assign'd to a Schoolmaster and ten to an Usher who are to prepare the Children of the Parish for the said Lecture Besides which the Town pays yearly 580 l. towards the maintenance of their Vicar and those Lecturers and Curates that are under him s Both it s Wealth and Commerce are wonderfully encreas'd since Camden's time The Coal-trade is incredible and for other Merchandice Newcastle is the great Emporium of the northern parts of England and of a good share of Scotland The publick Revenue is also wonderfully advanc'd of late years for which the Town is in a great measure indebted to the provident care and good management of its two great Patriots Sir William Blacket Baronet and Timothy Davison Esquire Aldermen t At Fenham a little village in the parish of Newcastle there are now some Coal-pits on fire which have burn'd for several years The flames of this subterraneous fire are visible by night and in the day-time the track of it may be easily follow'd by the Brimstone which lies on the surface of the Earth Newcastle has afforded the title of Earl to Lodowick Stewart Duke of Lennox and Earl of Richmond created in May 1604. But in the year 1627. this title was conferr'd upon William Cavendish Viscount Mansfield and Baron Ogle who was afterwards in 1643. created Marquiss of Newcastle and the year following Duke of Newcastle In 1676. he was succeeded by his son Henry Cavendish But of late the right honourable John Holles Earl of Clare was created Duke of this place by his present Majesty u The Rutarii Rutarii or Ruptarii are not only mention'd by our Historians in the reign of King John but before his time in the reign of Hen. 2. and after it under Hen. 3. By all the accounts we have of 'em it appears they were mercenary German Troops Now in the High-Dutch Rott whence our English Rout is a Company of Soldiers Rotten or Rottiren to muster Rottmeister a Corporal c. That from hence we are to fetch the true original of the word we are sufficiently taught by Will. Neubrigensis who liv'd and wrote his History in the times of these Rutars Rex says he stipendiarias Brabantionum copias quas Rutas vocant accersivit lib. 2. c. 27. Dr. Wats is therefore mistaken who in his Glossary derives the name from the German Reuter a Trooper or Horseman uu The Town of Morpeth together with Gilles-land c. came by Elizabeth sister and coheir of George the last Lord Dacre to her husband the Lord William Howard of Naworth third son to the Duke of Norfolk whose grandson Charles was soon after the Restauration of Charles the second created Earl of Carlisle and Viscount Morpeth Which Honours were inherited by his son Edward and are now enjoy'd by the most accomplish'd young Nobleman his grandson Charles the third Earl of Carlisle of this Family w At the famous Synod mention'd by our Author S. Cuthbert is said to have been chosen Bishop By the account that Bede and especially his Royal Paraphrast gives of the matter it looks more like a Parliament than a Synod for the Election is reported to have been mid anmodre geê§afunge ealra ê§aera Æ¿itena Now Æ¿itena in the Language of those times signifies Senators or Parliament-men who it seems unanimously chose him Bishop Bed Eccl. Hist. l. 4. c. 28. The meeting is indeed said to have been on the river Alne And yet I very much doubt whether this Twiford Twiford be in Northumberland and whether Archbishop Theodore ever came so far north There are a great many Twifords in the south of England The Legend of S. Cuthbert p. 17. says this Synod was held at Twiford upon Slu. x There never was any Covent or Monastery founded at Alnwick Alnwicâ— or near it by John Vescie There was indeed a Monastery of the Order of the Praemonstratenses founded by Eustachius Fitz-John Father of William de Vescie who had that sirname from his Mother an Heiress But this was done in the year 1147. long before the Carmelites were heard of in England John Bale who was sometime a Carmelite himself tells us the first Covent of that Order was founded at Holm Hull they now call it near Alnwick by Ralph Fresburn a Northumberland Gentleman who dy'd A. D. 1274. and was buried in this Covent See Bale de Script Brit. Cent. 4. c. 1. and J. Pitz. ad Ann. 1274. 'T is a wonder how our Author came to mistake thus since he uses some of Bale's very words and must doubtless have read his account Eustachius's Abbey is still to be seen at half a mile's distance from the Covent of Hull down the river â—â—â—staâ—â—â—ge y Within the Circuit of the old Castle of Dunstaburge grew lately 240. Winchester Bushels of Corn besides several Cart-loads of Hay 'T is now famous for Dunstaburgh-Diamonds a sort of fine Spar which seems to rival that of St. Vincent's Rock near Bristol z I do not think Bede himself ever gave out that Etymology about Bebba No mention of it in the Saxon But 't is there call'd cynelican byrig i.e. a Royal Mansion and 't is also said that it was miserably wasted by Penda the Pagan King of the Mercians who had certainly burnt it had not the Prayers of Bishop Aidan happily interpos'd Bede lib. 3. capp 12. 16. It was afterwards totally ruin'd and plunder'd by the Danes A. D. 933. Yet as ruinous as it now is the Lord of the Manour William Forster Esq still holds here in a corner of it his Courts of Leet and Baron Florence of Worcester seems to me to have been the first contriver of the story of Queen Bebba See Sir H. Spelman's Gloss in Beria After Mowbray's flight mention'd by our Author and his being taken at Tinmouth the Castle of Bamborough was stoutly maintain'd by Morael his Steward and Kinsman till the Earl himself was by the King's order brought within view of the Fort and threatned with the having his eyes put out in case the besieged held out any longer Whereupon it was immediately surrender'd and Morael for his bravery receiv'd into the King's Court and Favour See the Saxon. Chron. ad Ann. 1095. aa The Improvements in Tillage at Rock by John Salkeld Esq and in Gardening and Fruitery at Falladon by Samuel Salkeld Gent. both in the Parish of Emildon ought here to be mention'd as Fineries hardly to be equall'd on the North-side of Tyne The latter is the more observable because an eminent Author of this Age will hardly allow any good Peaches Plumbs Pears c. to be expected beyond Northamptonshire whereas Fruit is produc'd here in
See was placed here whose Bishops as all the rest of the Kingdom of Scotland were consecrated and confirm'd by the Archbishop of York till at the intercession of King James 3. by reason of often wars between the Scots and English Pope Sixtus the fourth constituted the Bishop of St. Andrews Primate and Metropolitan of all Scotland and Pope Innocent the eighth bound him and his successors to the imitation of the Metropolitan of Canterbury in these words Ex Cam. Apostolicá l. 24. f. 24. That in matters concerning the Archiepiscopal state they should observe and firmly hold the offices of Primacy and Legatine power their rights and the free exercise thereof the honours charges and profits and they should endeavour to observe inviolably the laudable customs of the famous Metropolitan Church of Canterbury whose Archbishop is born Legate of the Kingdom of England c. Nevertheless before this Lawrence Lundoris and Richard Corvil Doctors of the Civil Law reading publick lectures in this place laid the Foundation of an University now grown famous for the many learned men it hath produced for its three Colleges and in them for the Regius-Professors * See the Additions In commendation of it J. Johnston Regius-Professor of Divinity there hath these verses FANUM REGULI Sive ANDREAPOLIS Imminet Oceano paribus descripta viarum Limitibus pingui quà m benè septa solo Magnificis opibus staret dum gloria prisca Pontificum hîc fulsit Pontificalis apex Musarum ostentat surrecta palatia coelo Delicias hominum deliciasque Deûm Hîc nemus umbriferum Phoebi Nymphaeque sorores Candida quas inter praenitet Uranie Quae me longinquis redeuntem Teutonis oris Suscipit excelso collocat inque gradu Urbs nimiùm foelix Musarum si bona nôsset Munera aetherii regna beata Dei. Pelle malas pestes urbe quae noxia Musis Alme Deus coëant Pax Pietasque simul In equal streets the beauteous structures run And tow'ard the Ocean stretch the spacious town While Rome and Mitres aw'd the easie state Here the great Prelate kept his splendid seat In lofty Courts the gentle Muses reign And cheer with heavenly numbers gods and men While tuneful Phoebus charms the sounding groves And wondring Nymphs repeat his sacred loves Here me returning from the German Coast To those dear comforts I so long had lost Me Phoebus blest with his peculiar care Me in his honours gave the largest share Too happy town did she but rightly know The gifts that heaven and heaven's dear tribe bestow Far hence ye guardian powers all dangers chase But crown the Muses and the sacred place With constant joys of piety and peace Hard by the little river Eden or Ethan hath its entrance into the sea which rising near Falkland Falklaâ—â— formerly belonging to the Earls of Fife m It was built by King James 5. whereof the Marquis of Athol is hereditary Keeper The place gives the title of Viscount to the Family of Fâ—lkâ—and but now a Royal retirement excellently well seated for the pleasures of hunting runs forward under a continued ridge of hills which cuts this territory in the middle by Struthers so called from the abundance of Reeds that grow there a Castle of the Barons Lyndsey Studenâ— and by Cupre a noted Borough where the Sheriff keeps his Court. Upon which J. Johnston hath these verses CUPRUM FIFAE Arva inter nemorisque umbras pascua laeta Lenè fluens vitreis labitur Eden aquis Huc veniat siquis Gallorum à finibus hospes Gallica se hìc iterum fortè videre putet Anne etiam ingenium hinc fervida pectora traxit An potius patriis hauserat illa focis By fields by shady woods by flowry meads His chrystal stream the gentle Eden guides To these blest seats should Gallick strangers come They 'd find no change but think themselves at home Did that kind neighb'ring country lend the town The wit and courage she so oft hath shown Or was she better furnish'd from her own The shore now turns towards the North and upon the aestuary of Tay stood two famous Monasteries Bolmerinock â—â—â—meriâ—â—â—â— built by Queen Ermengerd wife to King William and daughter of Viscount Beaumont in France now proud of its Baron James Elphinston 6 Advanc'd to that honour by James King of Great Britain and Lundoris â—â—ndâ—ris founded amongst the Woods by David Earl of Huntingdon and now the Barony of Patrick Lesley Between these two lyes Banbrich â—â—â—â—rich a seat of the Earls of Rothes strongly built in form of a Castle But concerning the Towns of Fife lying along the shore take if you please these verses of J. Johnston Opida sic toto sunt sparsa in littore ut unum Dixeris inque uno plurima juncta eadem Littore quot curvo Forthae volvuntur arenae Quotque undis refluo tunditur ora salo Penè tot hic cernas instratum puppibus aequor Urbibus crebris penè tot ora hominum Cuncta operis intenta domus foeda otia nescit Sedula cura domi sedula cura forìs Quae maria quas non terras animosa juventus Ah! fragili fidens audet adire trabe Auxit opes virtus virtuti dura pericla Juncta etiam lucro damna fuere suo Quae fecere viris animos cultumque dedere Magnanimis prosunt damna pericla labor Ore all the shore so thick the towns are shown You 'd think them thousands and yet all but one As many sands as Forth 's great stream can hide As many waves as swell the rising tide So many vessels cut the noisie flood Such numerous tribes the scatter'd hamlets crowd On land some ply their work and some on seas And scorn the pleasures of inglorious ease Thro' what strange waves to what forsaken shores The labou'ring youth still urge their slender oars Thus riches come and happy plenty flows But riches still to accidents expose And he that gains must ever fear to lose Thus bred in hardships and inur'd to care They trust their courage and forget to fear Loss pains and all that angry fate can send Prove but incentives to a noble mind The Governour of this County as likewise of all the rest in the Kingdom was in antient times a Thane Thane that is in the old English tongue the King's Minister as it is also in the Danish at this day but Malcolm Canmore made Macduff who was Thane of Fife before the first hereditary Earl of Fife Earls of Fife and in consideration of his good services granted that his posterity should place the King when he is to be crowned in his chair lead the van-guard in the King's Army and if any of them should by chance kill either a gentleman or a commoner he should buy it off with a piece of money Not far from Lundoris there stands a stone-cross Cross Mac-duff which serves for a boundary
also Justices of Assize Nisi prius and Oyer and Terminer as in England Justices of Peace in every County to preserve the Peace and the King has his Serjeant at Law his Attorney and his Sollicitor General There are also other Governors besides these to administer justice in the remoter Provinces and that is in Conaugh stilled chief Commissioner is call'd b Since the Country has been well inhabited with English and much more civiliz'd than heretofore the Presidencies of Munster and Conaught were superseded by King Charles II. about the year 1671. President in Munster who have certain of the Gentry and Lawyers to assist them and are all directed by the Lord Deputy As for their Law the Common-law used there is the same with this of ours in England For thus it is in the Records of the Kingdom King Henry the third in the twelfth of his reign sent an order to his Justice in Ireland that he should assemble the Archbishops Bishops Barons and Knights of that Kingdom and make the Charter of King John be read unto them which he did accordingly giving them an oath to observe the laws and customs of England and that they should hold and keep the same 3 Nevertheless the meer Irish did not admit them but retain'd their own Brehon-Laws and lâ—ud Customs And the Kings of England used a connivance therein upon some deep consideration not vouchsafing to communicate the benefit of the English Laws but upon especial grace to especial families or sects namely the O Neales O Conors O Brien O Maloghlins and Mac Murough which were reputed of the blood royal among them So that even the Parliamentary Laws or Statutes of England were of force in Ireland till King Henry the seventh's time For in the tenth year of his reign they were established and confirmed by Act of Parliament in Ireland 4 In the time of Sir Edward Poinings government But since that time they have lived by Acts and Statutes of their own making Besides these civil Magistrates they have also one Military officer named the c There being no War in the Kingdom there is no such Officer Marshal Marshal of Ireland who is serviceable to the State not only in restraining the insolence of soldiers but also in checking the outrage of rebels who are now and then troublesome This office formerly belonged hereditarily to the Lords Morley of England 9 of King John For King John gave them this Office to hold in see of him in these words We have given and granted to John Marshall for his homage and service our Marshalship of Ireland with all appurtenances We have given him likewise for his homage and service the Cantred wherein standeth the town of Kilbunny to have and to hold to him and his heirs of us and our heirs From him it descended in a right line to the Barons of Morley This Marshal has under him * Submaresâ—allum a Provost-Marshal and sometimes more according to the difficulties and exigencies of affairs who exercise their authority by Commission and Instructions under the Great Seal of Ireland But these and all other curiosities of this nature I leave to the diligence of others As for the methods of Justice and Government among the wild Irish I shall take care to insert something in a more proper place when I come to treat of their Mannors and Customs The d See Ware 's Antiquitat Hibern Cap. 3. pag. 11. Division of IRELAND â—â—â—on â—â—â—land IReland from the manners and customs of the Inhabitants is divided into two parts e At present there is no such Div sion or distiâ—ction but the King 's Writ runs through the whole Kingdom and every part of it is now answerable to Law they who reject all Laws and live after a barbarous manner are called the Irishry or wild Irish but those civilized who submit themselves with respect and obedience to the laws are termed the English-Irish and their Country the English Pale for the first English men that came hither set their boundaries in the east and richest part of the Island as taken in for themselves within which compass even at this day some remain uncivilized and pay no deference to the laws whereas some without are as courteous and genteel as one would desire But if we consider it as it was more early this Country from its situation or rather number of its Governors heretofore must be divided into five parts for it was formerly a Pentarchy namely Munster southward Leinster eastward Connaught westward Ulster northward and Meath almost in the middle Which as to civil administration are thus divided into Counties In Munster are the Counties of Kerry f At this day there is no such County as Desmond part of that Territory lying in the County of Kerry and the rest in the County of Cork Desmond Cork Waterford Limerick Tiperary g The County of the Holy-Cross is swallowed up in that of Tiperary with the County of S. Cross in Tiperary In Leinster are the Counties of Kilkenny Caterlough Queen's County King's County Kildare Weishford Dublin In Meath are the Counties of East-Meath West-Meath Longford In Connaught are the Counties of h Instead of this Dr. Holland has put Clare which yet is in the Province of Muâ—ster Twomund Galloway Maio. Slego Letrim Rofcomon In Ulster are the Counties of Louth Cavon Farmanagh Monaghan Armagh Doun Antrim Colran Tir-Oën Tir-Conell or Donegall Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction The Ecclesiastical state of Ireland was antiently managed by the Bishops either consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury or by one another But in the year 1152 as we find it in Philip of Flattesbury Christianus Bishop of Lismore Legat of all Ireland held a very full and honourable Council at Meath where were present the Bishops Abbots Kings Dukes and Elders of Ireland and there by the Apostolical authority with the advice of the Cardinals and the consent of the Bishops Abbots and others met together four Archbishopricks were constituted in Ireland Armagh Dublin Cassil and Tuam The Bishopricks which were under these formerly for some of them have been abolished to feed the greedy humor of ill times others have been confounded or annexed to one another while others again have been translated I do desire to subjoyn here in their true and ancient order from an old Roman Provincial faithfully copied from the Original Under the Archbp. of Armagh Primate of all Ireland are the Bishops of Meath or i Cluanard The Bishop is stiled of Meath Elnamirand Down otherwise Dundalethglass k Clogher Cloghor otherwise Lugundun l Connor is united to Down Conner m Ardagh Ardachad n Rapho Rathbot Rathluc Daln-liguir o Derry or London-Derry Dearrih 4 Holland has added Cloemacniso which ought to be writ Clonmacnois and is now united to Meath as also Dromor and Brefem now Kilmore Under the Archbp. of Dublin are the Bishops of
of S. Patrick l. 2. rerum Anglicarum cap 26. and well supplied with fish from the river as it runs into the sea here famous for trade and for those sweet plains oaky woods and fine parks so entertaining about it Thus also William of Newborow Divelin a maritime City is the metropolis of Ireland it enjoys the benefit of a famous harbor and for trade and concourse of merchants rivals London It s situation is particularly pleasant and wholsome having hills on the south plains on the west and sea just the by it on the east and and the river Liffy on the north where ships ride safely Upon the river there are Kaies as we call them or certain works made to break the violence of the water For Caiare among the ancients signified to restrain Ad Auson lib. â— c. 22. check or hinder as the most learned Scaliger has observed Here the City wall well built of free stone begins fortified on the south with rampiers it has six gates which open into large suburbs on all sides The access on the south is by Dammes-gate near which stands the King's castle upon a rising well fortified with ditches and towers and provided with a good Arsenal built by Henry Loundres the Archbishop about the year 1220. In that suburb on the east side near St. Andrew's Church Henry the second King of England as Hoveden says caused a royal palace 22 Or rather banqueting-house to be built of smooth wattles very curious after the manner of this Country and here with the Kings and Princes of Ireland he kept a Chrstmas-day in great solemnity Over against it stands a fine College on the same spot where Alhallows Allhallows Monastery heretofore stood dedicated to the Indivisible and Holy Trinity endow'd with the privileges of an University by Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory Univâ—rsity b gun and foundâ—d in 1591 May 13. S ud n s â—dmiâ—ted in the year 1593. for the education of youth and lately furnished with a good Library which gives no small hopes that Religion and Learning will after a long exile return to Ireland formerly the seat of the Muses to which foreigners resorted as to the great Mart of liberal arts and sciences 1320. L. MS. of Baron Houth In the reign of Edward the second Alexander Bicknor Archbishop of Dublin having obtained from the Pope the privileges of an University for this place and instituted publick Lectures first began to recall them but this laudable design was broken by the turbulent times that followed The north gate opens towards the bridge which is arched and built of * F. vivo Saxo. free stone by King John who joyned Oustman-town to the City For here the Oustmanni which Giraldus says came from Norway and those Northern Islands setled according to our Histories about the year 1050. In this suburbs stood formerly the famous Church of S. Mary de Oustmanby for so 't is call'd in King John's Charter and also a House of Black Friers whither the King's Courts of Judicature were lately transferr'd On the west part of Dublin there are two gates Ormonds-gate and Newgate which is the common Gaol both leading to the longest suburb of this City named St. Thomas where stands also a noble Abbey of the same name called Thomas Court Thomas Court founded and endowed with large revenues by King Henry the second to expiate for the death of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury On the south we enter by S. Paul's gate and that call'd S. Nicholas opening into S. Patrick's suburb where stands the Palace of the Archbishop known by the name of S. Sepulcher with a stately Church dedicated to S. Patrick very fine within for its stone pavements and arch'd roof and without for its high steeple 'T is uncertain when this Church was first built but that Gregory King of Scots about the year 890 came in pilgrimage to it is plain from the Scotch history Afterwards it was much enlarged by King John and made a Church of Prebends by John Comy Archbishop of Dublin which was confirmed by Coelestine the third Bishop of Rome in the year 1191. After that again Henry Loundres his successor in this See of Dublin augmented the dignities of the Parsonages Pâ—rsonatuum as the words of the founder are and made it conformable to the immunities orders and customs of the Church of Salisbury At present it consists of a Dean a Chanter a Chancellor a Treasurer two Archdeacons and twenty two Prebendaries Stat. Parl. 18 Hen. 8. c. 15. the only light and lamp not to conceal a very noble Character which a Parliament of this Kingdom gave it of all pious and Ecclesiastical discipline and order in Ireland Here is also another Cathedral Church in the very heart of the City dedicated to the Holy Trinity but commonly call'd Christ's Temple Concerning it's foundation we have this passage in the Archives of that Church Sitric King of Dublin son of Ableb Count of Dublin gave a piece of ground to the Holy Trinity and to Donatus the first Bishop of Dublin to build a Church on in honour of the Holy Trinity and not only that but gold and silver also sufficient for that design and to finish the whole * Curâ—â— Church-yard This was done about the year 1012 at which time Lancarvanensis affirms that Sitric son of Abloie so he calls him flourished The work was begun by Donatus but carry'd on and finish'd by Laurence Archbishop of Dublin Richard Strongbow Earl of Pembroke commonly call'd Comes Striguliae whose tomb repair'd by 23 Sir Henry Henry Sidney Lord Deputy is to be seen here Robert Fitz-Stephens and Reimond Fitz-Girald On the south side of the Church stands the Town-hall built of square stone and call'd Tolestale Tolâ—stalâ— where Causes are try'd before the Mayor and where sessions and publick meeting of the Citizens are often held The City enjoys many privileges Formerly it was govern'd in chief by a Provost but in the year 1409 King Henry the fourth gave them the privilege of choosing every year a Mayor with two Bailiffs and of carrying a guilt sword before him Afterward King Edward the sixth changed these Bailiffs into Sheriffs There is nothing wanting to the grandeur and happiness of this City but the removal of those heaps of sand that by the flux and reflux of the sea are wash'd up into the mouth of the river Liffy and hinder great ships from coming up but at high water Thus much for Dublin the account whereof I confess to be mostly owing to the diligence and knowledge of James Usher Chancellor of S. Patricks whose variety of Learning and soundness of Judgment are infinitely beyond his years As for Robert Vere earl of Oxford whom Richard the second who was profuse in bestowing titles of honour made Marquiss of Dublin Maâ—qâ—â—â—â— of Dubâ—â—â— and afterwards Duke of Ireland I have took notice of him before and need not report it here
and many Christians cut off MCLXXXVII On the Kalends or first of July the Abby of Ynes in Ulster was founded MCLXXXIX Henry Fitz Empress departed this life was succeeded by his son Richard and buried in Font Evrard This same year was founded the Abby De Colle Victoriae i.e. Cnokmoy MCXC. King Richard and King Philip made a Voyage to the Holy Land MCXCI. In the Monastery of Clareval the translation of Malachy Bishop of Armagh was celebrated with great solemnity MCXCII The City of Dublin was burnt MCXCIII Richard King of England in his return from the Holy Land was taken Prisoner by the Duke of Austria and paid to the Emperor 100000 Marks for Ransom besides 30000 to the Empress and 20000 to the Duke upon an Obligation he had made to them for Henry Duke of Saxony He was detain'd in Prison by the Emperor a year six months and three days all the Chalices in a manner throughout England were sold to raise this Sum. This year was founded the Abby De Jugo Dei. MCXCIV The Reliques of S. Malachy Bishop of Clareval were brought into Ireland and receiv'd with great honour into the Monastery of Millifont and other Monasteries of the Cistercians MCXCV. Matthew Archbishop of Cassil Legat of Ireland and John Archbishop of Dublin got the Corps of Hugh Lacy that conquered Meth from the Irish and interr'd them with great solemnity in the Monastery of Blessedness or Becty but the Head of the said Hugh was laid in S. Thomas 's Monastery in Dublin MCXCVIII The Order of the Friers Predicants was begun about Tolouse founded by Dominick II. MCXCIX Died Richard King of England succeeded by his Brother John who was Lord of Ireland and Earl of Moriton Arthur the lawful Heir Son of Geffrey his whole Brother was slain by him The death of Richard was after this manner When King Richard besieg'd the Castle of Chaluz in Little Bretagn he receiv'd his mortal Wound by an Arrow shot at him by one of those in the Castle nam'd Bertram de Gourdon As soon as the King found there was no hopes of Life he committed his Kingdom of England and all his other Possessions to the Custody of his Brother All his Jewels and the fourth part of his Treasure he bequeath'd to his Nephew Otho Another fourth part of his Treasure he left to be distributed among his Servants and the poor People When Bertram was taken and brought before the King he ask'd him for what harm he had kill'd him Bertram without any fear told him That he had kill'd his Father and two of his Brethren with his own Hand and then intended to do the same with him That he might take what Revenge he pleas'd but he should not care since he was to die too that had done so much mischief in the World Notwithstanding the King pardon'd him and order'd him to be set at liberty and to have a 100 Shillings Sterling given him Yet after the King's death some of the King's Officers flea'd him and hung him up The King died on the eighteenth of the Ides of April which happen'd to be the fourth * Feria day before Palm-sunday and the eleventh day after he was wounded He was buried at Font Eberard at the feet of his Father A certain Versificator writ this Distich upon his death Istius in morte perimit Formica Leonem Proh dolor in tanto funere mundus obit An Ant a Lyon slew when Richard fell And his must be the World 's great Funeral His Corps were divided into three Parts Whence this of another Viscera Carceolum Corpus Fons servat Ebrardi Et cor Rothomagum magne Richarde tuum Great Richard's Body 's at Fontevrault shown His Bowels at Chalons his Head at Roan After the death of King Richard his Brother John was begirt by the Archbishop of Roan with the Sword of the Dukedom of Normandy upon the 7th of the Kalends of May next following The Archbishop also set a Crown adorn'd with golden Roses upon his Head Afterwards upon the 6th of the Kalends of June he was anointed and crown'd King of England in S. Peter's Church Westminster upon Ascension-day attended with all the Nobility of England Afterwards he was summon'd to Parliament in France to answer for the death of his Nephew Arthur and depriv'd of Normandy because he came not accordingly This same Year was founded the Abby of Commerer MCC Cathol Cronerg King of Conaught founder of the Abby De Colle Victoriae was expell'd Conaught This year the Monastery De Voto was founded that is to say Tyntern Monastery by William Marshall Earl Marshal and Pembroch who was Lord of Leinster viz. of Wrisford Ossory Caterlagh and Kildare in right of his Wife who married the daughter of Richard Earl of Stroghul and of Eve the daughter of Dermic Murcard This William Earl Marshal being in great danger of Shipwreck a night and a day made a Vow That if he escap'd and came to Land he would found a Monastery and dedicate it to Christ and his Mother Mary So as soon as he arriv'd at Weysford he founded this Monastery of Tynterne according to his Vow and it is nam'd De Voto This year also was founded the Monastery de Flumine Dei MCCII. Cathol Cronirg or Crorobdyr King of Conaught was restor'd to his Kingdom The same year was founded the house of Canons of S. Marie of Connal by Sir Meiler Fitz-Henry MCCIII The Abby of S. Saviour i.e. Dawisky which was before founded was this Year and the next following finish'd MCCIV. A Battle was fought between John Courcy first Earl of Ulster and Hugh Lacie at Doune with great slaughter on both sides Yet John Curcy had the Victory Afterwards upon the 6th day of the Week being Good Friday as the said John was unarm'd and going in Pilgrimage barefoot and in a linnen Vestment to the Churches after the common manner he was treacherously taken Prisoner by his own People for a sum of Mony part in hand and part promis'd to be paid afterwards and so he was deliver'd to Hugh Lacy who brought him to the King of England and receiv'd the Earldom of Ulster and the Seigniory of Connaught upon that account both belonging to John Curcy Hugh Lacy now being made Earl rewarded the said Traytors with Gold and Silver some more some less but hung them up as soon as he had done and took away all their Goods by these means Hugh Lacy ruleth in Ulster and John Curcie is condemn'd to perpetual Imprisonment for his former Rebellion against King John refusing to do him homage and accusing him for the death of Arthur the lawful and right Heir to the Crown While the Earl was in Prison and in great Poverty having but a small allowance of Provisions and the same mean and course he expostulated with God why he dealt thus with him who had built and repair'd so many Monasteries for him and his Saints After many Expostulations of this kind he fell asleep and the Holy
and his Sister Isabel de Albeny Countess of Arundel Isabel the second Sister was married to Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester she had Richard de Clare Earl of Glocester and the Lady Anise Countess of * Perhaps â—evonia Averna â—â—â—e uxoris who was Mother of Isabel the †Mother of the Lord Robert Brus Earl of Carrick in Scotland afterwards King of that Nation â—is place 〈◊〉 corrupâ—â—d From Eva Brus the third Sister descended Maud the Mother of the Lord Edmund Mortimer Mother of the Lady Eva de Cauntelow Mother of the Lady Milsoud de Mohun who was Moâ—â—er to Dame Eleanor Mother to the Earl of Hereford Joan â—arshall the fourth Sister was married to the Lord Guarin of Mount â—hinsey and had Issue Joan de Valens Sybil Countess of Ferâ—â—s the fifth Sister had Issue seven Daughters the eldest call'd â—â—gnes Vescie Mother of the Lord John and the Lord William Vesâ—â—e the second Isabel Basset the third Joan Bohun Wife to the â—ord John Mohun Son of the Lord Reginald the fourth Sibyl â—ohun Wife to the Lord Francis Bohun Lord of Midhurst the fifth Eleanor Vaus Wife to the Earl of Winchester the sixth * Agatha Agas Mortimer Wife to the Lord Hugh Mortimer â—â—e seventh Maud Kyme Lady of Karbry These are all both â—ales and Females the Posterity of the said William Earl Marshal MCCXX. The Translation of S. Thomas of Canterbury The â—â—me year died the Lord Meiler Fitz-Henry founder of Connal â—nd was buried in the Chapter-House of the said Foundation MCCXXIV The Castle of Bedford was besieg'd and the Castle â—f Trim in Ireland MCCXXV Died Roger Pippard and in the year MCCXXVIII â—â—ed William Pippard formerly Lord of the Salmon-leap This â—ear died likewise Henry Londres alias Scorch-Villeyn Archbishop â—f Dublin and was buried in Trinity-church there MCCXXX Henry King of England gave Hubert Burk â—â—e Justiceship and the Third Penny of Kent and â—ade him also Earl of Kent Afterward the same Hubert was â—â—prison'd and great Troubles arose between the King and his â—â—bjects because he adher'd to Strangers more than to his own naâ—â—ral Subjects MCCXXXI William Mareschall the younger Earl Marshal and â—arl of Pembrock departed this life and was buried in the Quire â—f the Friers Predicants in Kilkenny MCCXXXIV Richard Earl Mareschall Earl of Pembrock and â—rogull was wounded in a Battel in the Plain of Kildare on the â—â—st day before the Ides of April and some few days after died in Kilkeny and there was buried hard by his * Girmanum natural Brother viz. William in the Quire of the Friers Predicants Of whom this was written Cujus sub fossa Kilkennia continet ossa MCCXL Walter Lacy Lord of Meth died this year in Engâ—â—nd leaving two Daughters to inherit his Estate of whom the â—â—rst was married to Sir Theobald Verdon and the second to Gefâ—ery de Genevile MCCXLIII This year died Hugh Lacy Earl of Ulster and â—as buried in Cragsergus in the Convent of the Friers Minors â—eaving a Daughter who was married to Walter Burk Earl of Ulster The same year died Lord Gerald Fitz-Maurice and Lord â—ichard de Burgo MCCXLVI An Earthquake about nine of the Clock over all â—he West MCCXLVIII Sir John Fitz-Geffery came Lord Justiciary into â—reland MCCL. Lewis King of France and William Long-Espee were â—aken Prisoners with many others by the Saracens In Ireland Maccanewey a Son of Belial was slain in Leys as he deserv'd In the year MCCLI. The Lord Henry Lacy was born Upon Christmas-day likewise Alexander King of Scots in the 11th year of his Age was then contracted with Margaret the daughter of the King of England at York MCCLV Alan de la Zouch was made and came Justiciary into Ireland MCCLVII This year died the Lord Maurice Fitz-Gerald MCCLIX Stephen Long-Espee came Justiciary into Ireland The green Castle in Ulster was demolish'd William Dene was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXI The Lord John Fitz-Thomas and the Lord Maurice his Son were slain in Desmond by Mac Karthy Item William Dene Justiciary dy'd and Sir Richard Capel put in his room the same year MCCLXII Richard Clare Earl of Glocester died this year as also Martin de Maundevile on the morrow of S. Bennet's day MCCLXIV Maurice Fitz-Gerald and Maurice Fitz-Maurice took Prisoners Richard Capel the Lord Theobald Botiller and the Lord John Cogan at Tristel-Dermot MCCLXVII David de Barry was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXVIII Comin Maurice Fitz-Maurice was drown'd The Lord Robert Ufford was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXIX The Castle of Roscoman was begun this year Richard of Exeter was made Justiciary MCCLXX The Lord James de Audley came Justiciary into Ireland MCCLXXI Henry the son of the King of Almain was slain in the Court of Rome Plague Famine and Sword rag'd this year particularly in Meth. Nicholas de Verdon and his Brother John were slain Walter de Burgo Earl of Ulster died MCCLXXII The Lord James Audley Justiciary of England was kill'd by a fall from his Horse in Tothomon and was succeeded in this Office by the Lord Maurice Fitz-Maurice MCCLXXIII The Lord Geffery Genevile return'd from the Holy Land and was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXXIV Edward the son of King Henry was anointed and crown'd King of England by Robert Kilwarby a Frier-Predicant Archbishop of Canterbury upon S. Magnus the Martyr's day in the Church of Westminster in the presence of all the Nobility and Gentry His Protestation and Oath was in this form I Edward son and heir of King Henry do profess protest and promise before God and his holy Angels from this time forward to maintain without partiality the Law Justice and Peace of the Church of God and the People subject unto me so far as we can devise by the counsel of our liege and legal Ministers as also to exhibit due and canonical Honour to the Bishops of God's Church to preserve unto them inviolably whatsoever has been granted by former Emperors and Kings to the Church of God and to pay due Honour to the Abbots and the Lord's Ministers according to the advice of our Lieges c. so help me God and the holy Gospels of the Lord. This year died the Lord John Verdon and the Lord Thomas de Clare came into Ireland And William Fitz-Roger Prior of the Hospitallers was taken Prisoner at Glyndelory with many others and more slain MCCLXXV The Castle of Roscoman was built again The same year Modagh was taken Prisoner at Norragh by Sir Walter le Faunte MCCLXXVI Robert Ufford was made Justiciary of Ireland upon the surrender of Geffery de Genevill MCCLXXVII O Brene slain MCCLXXVIII The Lord David Barry died this year as also the Lord John Cogan MCCLXXIX The Lord Robert d'Ufford went into England and appointed Frier Robert de Fulborne Bishop of Waterford to supply his place In whose time the Mony was chang'd A Round Table was also held at Kenylworth by Roger Lord Mortimer MCCLXXX Robert d'Ufford return'd from England
into possession by the King of France upon certain conditions but was detain'd unjustly and treacherously John Archbishop of Dublin and some other great men were sent to the Kinâ— in Almain upon this account After they had receiv'd their answer in Tordran the Archbishop return'd into England and died oâ— S. Leodegarys day The bones of which John Sampford werâ— interr'd in S. Patrick's Church in Dublin on the 10th day beforâ— the Kalends of March. The same year there arose a debate between William Lord Vescy then Justiciary of Ireland and the Lord John Fitz Thomas and the said Lord William Vescy went into England and lefâ— Sir William de la Hay to officiate as Justiciary But when botâ— them were before the King for combat upon an appeel for treason William Vescy fled into France and would not fight Whereupon the King of England gave all the Seigniories that belong'd to him to Sir John Fitz Thomas viz. Kildare Rathemgan and manâ— others The same year Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester return'd ouâ— of Ireland into England Likewise Richard Earl of Ulster sooâ— after S. Nicholas's day was taken prisoner by Sir John Fitz Thomas and kept within the castle of Ley till the feast of S. Gregory Pope but was then set at liberty by the Council of our Lord thâ— King in a Parliament at Kilkenny John Fitz Thomas gave aâ— his lands for taking him viz. Slygo with other Possessions belonging to him in Conaght Item this year the castle of Kildare was taken but Kildarâ— and the Country round it was wasted by the English and the Irish Calvagh burnt all the Rolls and Tallies of the said Earl This yeaâ— and the two next following there was much dearth and Pestilencâ— throughout Ireland Item William Lord Dooddyngzele was made Justiciary of Irelanâ— MCCXCV Edward King of England built the Castle de Beâ— Marisco i.e. Beaumaris in Venedocia which is call'd the motheâ— of Cambria but commonly Anglesey and enter'd it immediatelâ— after Easter subduing the Venedotes i.e. the able men of Anglesey and making them subject to him Soon after this viz. about thâ— Feast of S. Margaret Madock at that time Prince elect of Waleâ— submitted himself to the King's mercy and was brought to Londoâ— by John de Haverings where he was clapt in the Tower to waâ— the King's grace and favour This year died William Dooddingzeâ— Justiciary of Ireland the day after S. Mary of Egypt Sir Thomas Fitz-Maurice succeeded him Also about the same time thâ— Irish in Leinster destroy'd that Province burning the new Castâ—â— with other Villages Item Thomas de Torbevile a seducer oâ— the King and betrayer of his Country was drawn through the middle of London lying out at length and guarded with four Toâ—mentors in Vizards who revil'd him as we went along At lasâ— he was gibbeted and deny'd the privilege of Burial having nonâ— to attend his Funeral but Kites and Crows This Thomas waâ— one of them who in the Siege of the Castle of Rions was takeâ— and carry'd to Paris Whereupon he promis'd the Nobility oâ— France that he would deliver to them the King of England anâ— leaving his two Sons as Pledges came over and told the King oâ— England and his Council how narrowly he escap'd out of Prisoâ— When he had inform'd himself of the designs of the King anâ— state of the Kingdom he sent the whole in writing to the Provoâ— of Paris Of which being convicted he was executed iâ— the manner aforesaid About the same time the Scoâ— having broken the Peace which they had covenanted with oâ—â— Lord King of England made a new league with the King oâ— France and conspiring together rose up in Arms against their owâ— sovereign Lord and King John Baillol and shut him up in the midland parts of Scotland in a Castle encompass'd with Mountain This was done in pure spight and contempt to the King of England because he had set the said John over them without theâ—â— will and consent The King of England brought another Army 〈◊〉 Scotland the Lent following to chastise the Scots for their presumption and arrogance against their own Father and King Sâ— John Wogan was made Justiciary of Ireland and the Lord Thomas Fitz-Maurice give place to him This Wogan made a Trucâ— for two years between the Earl of Ulster and John Fitz-Thomas and the Geraldines About Christmas-day this year Gilbert Clarâ— Earl of Glocester departed this life Item the King of Englanâ— sent his Brother Edmund with an Army into Gascoign MCCXCVI The Lord Edward King of England on the thirâ— day before the Kalends of April viz. upon Friday that fell oâ—â— then to be Easter-week took Berwick with the slaughter of seveâ— thousand Scots and not of above one of the English Knights viâ— Sir John of Cornwall and seven Footmen more Shortly after abouâ— the 4th of May he enter'd the Castle of Dunbar and took abouâ— forty of the Enemy Prisoners who submitted themselves to thâ— King's mercy having before defeated the whole Army of the Scots that is to say slain seven hundred Horse with the loss of Footmeâ— only on the English side Item upon S. John's-day before Port-latin about 15000 Welchmeâ— were sent to invade Scotland by the King's Order At the same timâ— the Nobility of Ireland viz. John Wogan Justiciary Richard Bourâ— Earl of Ulster Theobald Butler and John Fitz-Thomas witâ— others came to assist in this Expedition to Scotland The Kinâ— of England also entertain'd them with others of the English Nobility upon the third day before the Ides of May viz. Whitsuâ—day with a great Feast in the castle of Rokesburgh Item on thâ— next Wednesday before S. Barnabas he enter'd the Town of Edinburgh and won the castle before the Feast of S. John Baptist shortly after in the same Summer all the castles in Scotland were surrender'd up to him Item John Balliol King of Scotland came tho' much against his will to the King of England upon the Sunday next after the Translation of S. Thomas the Archbishop attended with many Earls Bishops and Knights and they surrender'd all to the King but their lives and limbs and their Lord John Balliol gave up all his Right and Title in Scotland to the King of England who sent him under a safe guard towards London Item Edmund Brother to the King of England died this year in Gascoign MCCXCVII Our Lord Edward King of England sail'd into Flanders with an Army against the King of France where after much expence and altercation a form of Peace was concluded between them upon condition they should stand to the award and judgment of the Pope From the one side and the other certain Messengers were sent to the Court of Rome but while the King was in Flanders William Walleis according to a general Resolution of the Scots came with a great Army to Strivelin-bridge to engage John Earl of Warren in which Battel many were slain on both sides and many drown'd but however the English were
Followers met together to concert what measures were to be taken against the Scots this Debate continued for a whole week and at last they came to no Resolution tho' their Army amounted to 30000 armed Men or thereabouts On Thursday in Easter-week Roger Mortimer arriv'd at Yoghall with the King's Commission for he was Chief Justice at that time and on the Monday following went in great haste to the Army having sent his Letters to Edmund Botiller who as it has been said was formerly Chief Justice to enterprise nothing before his Arrival against the Scots but before Mortimer got to the Camp he admonish'd Brus to retreat so in the Night Brus march'd towards Kildare and in the week after the English return'd home to their several Countries and the Ulster-Army came to Naas At the same time two Messengers were sent from Dublin to the King of England to give him an account of the state of Ireland and the delivery of Ulster and to take his Majesty's advice upon the whole At the same time likewise Roger Lord Mortimer Justiciary of Ireland and the Irish Nobility were met together at Kilkenny to consider how they might most conveniently proceed against Brus but came to no Resolution About a month after Easter Brus came with an Army within four Leagues or thereabouts of Trym under the covert of a certain Wood and there continu'd for about a week or more to refresh his Men who were almost undone with fatigue and hunger which occasion'd a great mortality among them Afterwards on S. Philip and James's-day the said Brus began his march towards Ulster and after the said feast Roger Lord Mortimer Chief Justice of Ireland came to Dublin with John Lord Wogan Sir Fulk Warin and thirty other Knights with their Retinue who held a Parliament with all the Nobility of the Kingdom at Kylmainan but came to no conclusion but about the delivery of the Earl of Ulster On the Sunday before the Ascension they held another Parliament at Dublin and there thc Earl of Ulster was deliver'd upon Mainprise Hostages and Oath which were That he should never by himself nor any of his Friends and Followers do or procure any mischief to the Citizens of Dublin for his apprehension save only what the Law allow'd him in those Cases against such Offenders whereupon he had till the Nativity of S. John allow'd him for that benefit but he came not Item This year Corn and other Victuals were exceeding dear Wheat was sold at three and twenty Shillings the Cranock and Wine for eight pence and the whole Country was in a manner laid waste by the Scots and those of Ulster Many House-keepers and such as were formerly able to relieve others were now reduc'd to Beggary themselves and great numbers famish'd The dearth and mortality was so severe that many of the Poor died At the same time Messengers arriv d at Dublin from England with Pardons to make use of as they should see fit but the Earl was deliver'd before they came And at the feast of Pentecost Mortimer Lord Chief Justice set forward for Drogheda from whence he went to Trym sending his Letters to the Lacies to repair to him but they refus'd the Summons with contempt Afterwards Sir Hugh Crofts Knight was sent to treat of a Peace with the Lacies but was unworthily slain by them After that the Lord Mortimer drew an Army together against the Lacies by which means their Goods Cattle and Treasures were all seiz'd many of their Followers cut off and they themselves drove into Conaught and ruin'd It was reported That Sir Walter Lacy went out as far as Ulster to seek Brus. Item About the feast of Pentecost the Lord Aumar Valence and his son were taken Prisoners in S. Cinere a Town in Flanders and convey'd from thence into Almain The same year on the Monday after the Nativity of S. John the Baptist a Parliament of the Nobility was held at Dublin by which the Earl of Ulster was acquitted who found Security and took his Oath to answer the King's writs and to fight against the King's Enemies both Scots and Irish Item On the feast of S. Process and Martinian Thomas Dover a resolute Pyrate was taken in a Sea-engagement by Sir John Athy and forty of his Men or thereabouts cut off his Head was brought by him to Dublin Item On the day of S. Thomas's Translation Sir Nicholas Balscot brought word from England That two Cardinals were come from the Court of Rome to conclude a Peace and that they had a Bull for excommunicating all such as should disturb or break the King's Peace Item On the Thursday next before the feast of S. Margaret Hugh and Walter Lacy were proclaim'd Felons and Traytors to their King for breaking out into war against his Majesty Item On the Sunday following Roger Lord Mortimer Chief Justice of Ireland march'd with his whole Army towards Drogheda At the same time the Ulster-men took a good Booty near Drogheda but the Inhabitants sallied out and retook it in this action Miles Cogan and his Brother were both slain and six other great Lords of Ulster were taken Prisoners and brought to the Castle of Dublin Afterwards Mortimer the Lord Chief Justice led his Army against O Fervill and commanded the Malpass to be cut down and all his Houses to be spoil d After this O Fervill submitted and gave Hostages Item Roger Lord Mortimer Chief Justice march'd towards Clony and empannell'd a Jury upon Sir John Blunt viz. White of Rathregan by this he was found guilty and was fin'd two hundred marks On Sunday after the feast of the Nativity of the blessed Marie Mortimer march'd with a great Army against the Irish of O Mayl and came to Glinsely where in a sharp Encounter many were slain on both sides but the Irish had the worst Soon after O Brynne came and submitted Whereupon Roger Mortimer return'd with his Men to Dublin-castle On S. Simon and Jude's-day the Archeboldes were permitted to enjoy the King's Peace upon the Mainprise of the Earl of Kildare At the feast of S. Hilary following a Parliament was held at Lincoln to conclude a Peace between the King the Earl of Lancaster and the Scots The Scots continued peaceable and quiet and the Archbishop of Dublin and the Earl of Ulster stay'd in England by the King's Order to attend that Parliament About the feast of Epiphany News came to Dublin That Hugh Canon Lord Chief Justice of the King's-bench was slain between Naas and Castle-Martin by Andrew Bermingham Item At the feast of the Purification of the blessed Virgin Mary came the Pope's Bulls whereupon Alexander Bicknor was confirm'd and consecrated Archbishop of Dublin and the Bulls were read and publish'd in Trinity-church Another Bull was read at the same time for establishing a Peace for two years between the King of England and Robert Brus King of Scotland But Brus refus'd to comply with it These things were thus transacted about the feast of
his abodâ— there Item In November Walter L. Bermingham Chief Justice of Ireland and Moris Lord Fitz-Thomas Earl of Kildare took up arms againsâ— O Morda and his Accomplices who had burnt the castle of Ley and Kilmehed and invaded them so fiercely with fire sword and rapin that altho' their number amounted to many thousands and they made a resolute defence yet at last after much blood and many wounds they were forc'd to yield and so they submitted to the King's mercy and the discretion of the Earl MCCCXLVII The Earl of Kildare with his Knights and Barons set out in May to join the King of England who was then at thâ— siege of Caleys which the Inhabitants surrendred to the King oâ— England the 4th of June Item Walter Bonevile William Calf William Welesly and many other brave English Welch aad Irish Gentlemen died of thâ— Distemper which then rag'd at Caleys Item Mac-Murgh viz. Donald Mac-Murgh son to Donald Artâ— Mac-Murgh King of Leinster was most perfidiously killed by hiâ— own men on the 5th of June Item The King knighted Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Kildare who married the daughter of Barth de Burgwashe Item On S. Stephen the Martyr's day the Irish burnt Monaghan and ruined the Country about it Item D. Joan Fitz-Leones formerly wife to Simon Lord Genevilâ— died and on the second of April was buried in the Convent-churcâ— of the Friers-Predicants at Trym MCCCXLVIII The 22d year of Edward III. a great Pestilence which had been before in other Countries got into Ireland and rag'd exceedingly Item This year Walter Lord Bermingham Chief Justice of Ireland went into England and left John Archer Prior of Kylmainan to officiate for him The same year he return'd again and had the Barony of Kenlys which lies in Ossory conferr'd upon him by the King to requite his great service in leading an Army againsâ— the Earl of Desmond with Raulf Ufford as before 't was said this Barony belong'd formerly to Eustace Lord Poer who was convicted and hang'd at the castle of the Isle MCCCXLIX Walter Lord Bermingham the best accomplish'd Justiciary that ever was in Ireland surrender'd his office and was succeeded in the same by Carew Knight and Baron MCCCL. In the 25th year of his Reign Sir Thomas Rokesby Knight was made Lord Chief Justice of Ireland Item This year on S. Margaret the Virgin 's Eve Sir Walteâ— Bermingham Knight for some time an excellent and worthy Justiciary of this Kingdom died in England MCCCLI Died Kenwrick Sherman sometimes Mayor of the City of Dublin and was buried under the Belfrey of the Friers-Predicants which he himself had built as he had likewise glaz'd the great window at the head of the Quire and roof'd the Church among many other pious Works He died in the same convenâ— on the 6th of March and leaving an Estate to the value of three thousand marks he bequeath'd great Legacies to all the Clergy both religious and secular for within twenty miles round MCCCLII Sir Robert Savage Knight began to build several Castles in many places of Ulster and particularly in his own Mannors telling his son and heir apparent Sir Henry Savage That they would thus fortifie themselves lest the Irish should hereafter break in upon them to the utter ruin of their estate and family and to the dishonour of their name among other Nations His son answer'd That where-ever there were valiant men there were forts and castles according to that saying Filii castrametati sunt the sons are encamp'd i.e. brave men are design'd for War and that for this reason he would take care to be among such which would prove the same in effect as if he liv'd in a castle adding That he took a castle of Bones to be much better than a castle of Stones Upon this Reply his Father gave over in great vexation and swore he would never more build with stone and mortar but keep a good house and great retinue about him foretelling however That his Posterity would repent it as indeed they did for the Irish destroy'd the whole Country for want of castles to defend it MCCCLV In the 30th of the same Reign Sir Thomas Rokesby Knight gave up his office of Chief Justice on the 26th of July the succession whereof was given to Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond in which he continued till his death Item On the conversion of S. Paul the said Moris Lord Fitz-Thomas departed this life in the castle of Dublin to the great grief of his Friends and Kindred and all others that were peaceably inclin'd First he was buried in the Quire of the Friers-Predicants of Dublin and afterward in the Covent of the Friers-Predicants of Traly As to his character he was certainly a just Judge and stuck not at condemning even those of his own blood or family more than perfect Strangers for Theft Rapin and other Misdemeanors the Irish stood in great awe of him MCCCLVI In the 31st year of this Reign Sir Thomas Rokesby was the second time made Chief Justice of Ireland who kept the Irish in good order and paid well for the Provisions of his House saying I will eat and drink out of Wood-Vessels and yet pay both gold and silver for my food and cloths nay and for my Pensioners about me This same year the said Sir Thomas Lord Chief Justice of Ireland died in the castle of Kylka MCCCLVII In the 32d of this King's reign Sir Almarick de Saint Armund was made Chief Justice of Ireland and enter'd upon his office About this time arose a great dispute between the Lord Archbishop of Armagh Richard Fitz-Ralfe and the four orders of Friers-mendicants in conclusion the Archbishop was worsted and quieted by the Pope's authority MCCCLVIII In the 33d year of the same reign Sir Almarick Saint Amuad Chief Justice of the Kingdom went over into England MCCCLIX In the 34th year of this King's reign James Botiller Earl of Ormond was made Chief Justice of Ireland Item On S. Gregory's day this year died Joan Burk Countess of Kildare and was buried in the church of the Friers-minors in Kildare by her Husband Thomas Lord Fitz-John Earl of Kildare MCCCLX In the 35th year of this same reign died Richard Fitz-Raulf Archbishop in Hanault on the 16th of December His bones were convey'd into Ireland by the reverend Father in God Stephen Bishop of Meth and buried in S. Nicholas's church at Dundalk where he was born yet it is a question whether these were his very bones or the reliques of some one else Item This year died Sir Robert Savage of Ulster a valiant Knight who near Antrim slew in one day 3000 Irish with a small Party of English but it ought to be observ'd that before the Engagement he took care to give his men a good dose of Ale or Wine whereof it seems he had good store and reserv'd some for his Friends likewise Besides this he order'd That Sheep Oxen Venison and Fowl both wild and tame should be kill'd
and after all kill'd both him and his brother Richard The same year on the feast of the exaltation of the Holy Cross Stephen Scroop deputy Lieutenant to the King's son Thomas accompanied with the Earls of Ormond and Desmond the Prior of Kilmainan and many others out of Meth march'd out of Dublin and invaded the territories of Mac Murgh upon engaging the Irish had at first the better but they were at last beat back by the bravery of these commanders O Nolam with his son and others were taken prisoners But upon the sudden news that the Bourkeins and O Kerol had continued for two days together doing mischief in the County of Kilkenny they went immediately in all haste to the village of Callan surpriz'd them and put them to flight O Kerol and 800 more were cut off in this action Stephen Scroop went into England this year and James Botiller Earl of Ormond was by the Country elected Chief Justice MCCCCVIII The said Chief Justice held a Parliament at Dublin which confirm'd the Statutes of Kilkenny and Dublin and a Charter was granted under the great seal of England against Purveyors The very day after the feast of S. Peter ad vincula this year Thomas Lord of Lancaster the King's son arriv'd as Lieutenant Deputy at Carlingford in Ireland from whence he came next week to Dublin As the Earl of Kildare went to welcom him he was arrested with three more of his retinue His Goods were all sharped away by the Lord Deputy's servants and he himself imprison'd till he paid a fine of 300 marks On S. Marcellus's day the same year died Stephen Lord Scroop at Tristeldermot Thomas of Lancaster was this year wounded at Kilmainan and that so very ill that he almost died After his recovery he made Proclamation That all that were inbebted to the King upon the account of Tenure should make their appearance at Rosse After S. Hilary he call'd a Parliament at Kilkenny for having Tallage granted him On the third before the Ides of March he went into England leaving the Prior of Kilmainon to officiate in his absence This year Hugh Mac-Gilmory was slain at Cragfergus in the church of the Friers-minors which he had formerly destroyd and broke the Windows thereof for the sake purely of the Iron-bars which happen'd to give his Enemies viz. the Savages admittance MCCCCIX In the 10th year of the reign of King Henry 80 of the Irish were in June cut off by the English under the conduct of Janico of Artoys in Ulster MCCCCX On the 13th of June a Parliament was held at Dublin which continued sitting for three Weeks the Prior of Kilmainan being Deputy for the Chief Justice The same year on the 10th of July the said Justice began to build Mibrackly-castle de O Feroll and built De la Mare also There was great scarcity of corn this year The same year the Chief Justice invaded the Territory of O-Brin at the head of fifteen hundred Kerns of whom eight hundred deserted and went over to the Irish so that if the People of Dublin had not been there there would have been much more woe and misery however John Derpatrick lost his life MCCCCXII About the feast of Tiburce and Valerian O-Conghir did much harm to the Irish in Meth and took above 160 Prisoners The same year O-Doles a Knight and Thomas son of Moris Sheriff of Limerick kill'd each other On the 9th of June this year died Robert Monteyn Bishop of Meth succeeded by Edward Dandisey formerly Arch-deacon of Cornwall MCCCCXIII On the 7th of October John Stanley the King's Lieutenant in Ireland arriv'd at Cloucarfe and on the 6th of January died at Aterith The same year after the death of John Stanley Lord Lieutenant Thomas Cranley Archbishop of Dublin was elected Chief Justice of Ireland on the 11th of February Another Parliament was held at Dublin on the morrow of S. Matthias the Apostle which continued sitting for 15 days during which time the Irish set many Towns on fire as they us'd to do in Parliament-times upon which a Tallage was demanded but not granted MCCCCXIV The O-Mordries and O-Dempsies Irish were cut off by the English near Kilda as the Chief Justice Archbishop of Dublin went in Procession at Tristildermot praying with his Clerks at which time 100 Irish were likewise routed by his Servants and others their Country-men Upon the feast of S. Gordian and Epimachus the English of Meth were defeated Thomas Maurevard Baron of Scrin and many others were slain and Christopher Fleming and John Dardis were taken Prisoners by O-Conghir and the Irish On S. Martin's-eve John Talbot Lord Furnival being made Lieutenant of Ireland arriv'd at Dalkay MCCCCXV Robert Talbot a Nobleman who wall'd the Suburbs of Kilkenny died in November this year Item After All Saints died Frier Patrick Baret Bishop of Ferne and Canon of Kenly where he was buried MCCCCXVI On the Feast-day of Gervasius and Prothasius the L. Furnival had a son born at Finglas About this time the reverend Stephen Fleming Archbishop of Armagh departed this life and was succeeded by John Suanig At the same time the Bishop of Ardachad died likewise viz. Frier Adam Lyns of the order of Friers-predicants Item On S. Laurence-day died Thomas Talbot son of the Lord Furnival lately born at Finglas and was buried in the Quire of the Friers-Predicants at Dublin within the Convent A Parliament was held at Dublin during which the Irish fell upon the English and slew many of them and among the rest Thomas Balimore of Baliquelan This Session continued here for six Weeks and then adjourned till the 11th of May at Trym where it sate for eleven days and granted a Subsidy of four hundred Marks to the Lieutenant MCCCCXVII On the eve of Philip and Jacob Thomas Cranley Archbishop of Dublin went over into England and died at Farindon and was buried in New-colledge in Oxford a Person very liberal and charitable a great Clerk Doctor of Divinity an excellent Preacher a great Builder Beautiful and of a fair Complexion but withal sanguine and tall so that it might be well said of him Fair art thou and good-like above the sons of Men Grace and Eloquence are seated in thy Lips He was eighty years old and govern'd the See of Dublin peaceably for almost 20 years together MCCCCXVIII The feast of the Annunciation happen'd this year on Good Friday immediately after Easter the Tenants of Henry Crus and Henry Bethat were plunder'd by the Lord Deputy Item On S. John and S. Paul's day the Earl of Kildare Sir Christopher Preston and Sir John Bedleu were taken at Slane and committed to Trym-castle who had a mind to talk with the Prior of Kilmainan On the 4th of August died Sir Matthew Husee Baron of Galtrim and was buried in the Convent of the Friers-predicants at Trym MCCCCXIX On the 11th of May died Edmund Brel formerly Mayor of Dublin and was buried in the Convent of the Friers-predicants in the same
Burthred 482 491. Burton 434 448 473 533 728 740. Burnwel 353. Burwell 408. Busby 487 707. Bushbury 538. Busseys 465. Bustlers 406. Busy-gap 848. Buth 914. Buthe 1069. Butterby 776. Butiphant 980. Butler 100 239 243 294 296 319 342 346 454 503 543 545 593 594 789 793 983 984 988. Buttermeer 803. Buttevillein 437. Buttington 651. Buxton 494. Bwlch 645. Bwrdh Arth. 628. By Bye and Byan their Signification 397 472 511. Bygon 217. By-Laws what they signifie 397. Byrth-over 498. Byrdhyn fl 593. Byrig its signification 91. Byrks 724. Byrons 481. Byrsa 472. C. CAdbury 59. North 59 78. Cadells 998. Cadir 919. Cadleys 996. St. Cadoc ap Gwyelliw 691. Cadvan a British King 691. Cadwalla 709 725 853 854. Cadwellon 691. De Cadurcis or Chaworth 62. Sibylla 93. Coeling 8. Caer 30 603 654 689. Caer-Caradock 54â— 551. Caer-diff â—09 610. Caer-guid 899. Caer-hendinas 549 554. Caer-Laverock 907. â—aerliph Will. 272. â—â—er-mardhin 622 630. â—aer-narvon 665 666 673. â—aer-Palladur 70. Caer-vorran 793 807 848 869. Caesar-Augusta 343. Caesarea or Cherburg 343. Caesar 's Hill 181. Altar 205. Caesar Julius 155 172 187 188 197 199 120 203 204 205 213 221. Vid. Julius â—AESAROMAGVS 342 343 155 357. Caesars who call'd clxxii Cahaignes 280. Cahans 1018. Caâ—are 995. Cainc what 185 186. Cainsham 67 72 76 82. Caishoe Hundred 296. Caishobery 302. Cains John 404 413. Caius a famous Roman 656. Caius Bericus 347. Calais 208 209 777. CALATERIVM NEMVS 755. Calc what 714. CALCARIA 714 715. Caldecoâ— 597 714 732. Calder riv 707. Cadley 1049. Caldstream 901. Caldwell 762. Calebeg 1021. Caledon 506. CALEDONIA 925 926 935. CALEDONII 986. Caligula xliv 308. Callan riv 988. Callan town ib. Callidromos 235. Callipolis 235. Callistratia 235. Caln 87 102. Calphurnius 631. Calshot-castle 116 131. Calthrops 371. Caltosts a Family 484. Calves-heath 537. Caly 384. Cam xxiv Cam 236 403. Cam what in Danish 11. what 〈◊〉 British 403. Camalet 58 76 77. Câ—naâ—â—c 575. CAMALODVNVM xlv xlvi lii c. 347 357 706. Cambeck 835 839. Cambell 914 943. CAMBODVNVM 709 711 727. CAMBORITVM 403 404. Cambria xi 573. Cambridge in Glocestershire 236. Cambridge 404 c. Camden a Town 238 239. Viscount of ib. Camels 155. Camel riv 11 403. Camelet West 59. East ib. Camelford 11. Camelot 921 957. Camera Dianae 315 330 331. Camois Barons 172. John ib. Campbell-town 952. Camvils 506. Camulus 348. Camus 's Cross 953. Cancfield 796. Candida casa 910. Candish or Cavendish Will. 491. Candorus 14. Canford 50. CANGANI 185 186. CANGI 67 75 76 77 377 564. Cank or Canock-wood 531 532 556. Canninges 77. Cannings Hundr 67 75 77. Cannington 67 75 77. Canole-coal 771. CANONIVM 346. Canons Resident 92. Cantaber 404. Cantabri 977. Cantire 931. Cantlows 61 172 437 592 598. Cantelupo Geo. de 28 526. Tho. 576. Nich. 469. Canterbury 296 c. Hubert Archb. of 98. 354. Archbishops Primatâ—s of all England 720. CANTIVM 185. CANTIVM Proâ— 203. Cantrev-bychan 589 622. Cantrev-mewr 622. Canvey Island 341. Canvils 439. Canute 40 121 159 203 234 246 316 328 368 468 772 774. Capel-King 630. Capellar-hill 581. Capel-Shnan 635. Capels 359. Caracalla 785 Caradauc Urichfâ—aâ— 541. Caradocks 60. Caratacus xlvii 307 347 541 641 643. Carausius lxxiii 284 312. CARBANTORIGVM 907. Carbray 979. Cardigan 642. Cardines 909. Careg-cowse 6 20. Caren what 20. Carentocus 58. Carenton ibid. Caresbrook-castle 128 134. Caresdike 475. Careswell 534. Carew-castle 630. Carew Rich. 10 16. George Lord 39. Sir George 903. Geo. Dean 39. Sir Francis 159. Nich. Bar 31 159. John 177. Thomas 978. George 980. Nich. 987. Peter 988. Carews 29 141 159 630 987. Careâ—s 513 610. Cargaâ—l 7. Caâ—house 724. Carick Mac-Griffin 984. Carigfergus 1016. Carion 186. CARINI 947 Carleton 384 396 443 449. George 369. Ralph de 384 396. Carlingford 1009. Carlisle 833. â—4 Carmelites first in England 860. Carminows 7. Carn what 18 77. Carnabies 855. Carn-brag ibid. Carn chy ibid. Carn innis ibid. Carn-margh ibid. Carn-ulac ibid. Carnon of Carna 17. Carpenter John 248. Car Sir Rob. 85. Carrs 862. Car Riv. 43. Carram 861. Carre T. 74. Carreck 992. Carrict 911. Carriden 899. Corrocium 756. De Carss 923. Carthage 30. Carthaginians never in Britain cix Carth-cart riv 908. Cartismandun xxx 347 541 703 704. Cartmel 795. Cartwright Jo. 512. Carvilius 186. Carvils a Fam. 392. Carus and Carinus lxxiii Carys 29 41 302. Cary Sir Henr. 296 319. Sir Edw. 302. George Baron 319. Cary-castle 61. Cary-Lites ibid. Cashalton 158. Caslys 528. Cassandra 367. CASSII 277 278 295. Cassibelin's Town 296. Cassil 983. Cassibelaunus 277 278 368. CASSITERIDES 1111. Cassivelannus Longimanus 678. De Castel a Frenchman 29 45. Caster 424 435. Casterley 111. Castilion Joh. Baptâ— 141. Castle-Ashby 434. Castle-cary 56 61 712. Castle-croft 530. Castle-dun 916. Castleford 711 749. Castelhpain 585. Castelham 591. Castelh Colwen 585. Castle conel 984. Castelh-corndochen 663. Castle-comb 87. Castle-danis 11. Castle-dinas 590. Castleden 498. Castlegarde 28 34 205. Castle-green 48. Castle-hill 54 510 538. Castle-how 811. Castle-knock 993. Castle in the Peak 495. Castle-martin 990. Castle-mill 290. Castle-park 580. Castelh-prysor 663. Castle-ruff 219. Castle-steeds 835 839 855. Castle-thorp 285. Castles in England 862. Ireland 1020. Castleford Tho. de 729. CASTRA CONSTANTIA 1107. Castor 385 388 396 471. CASTRA ALATA 897. CASTRA EXPLORATORVM 841. Catabathmos 231 232. Catapultae 672. CATARRATCONIVM 761. Caterlogh 988. Catesby 432 520. Catarick 761 767 768. Catharin Daughter of W. Herbert 214 Widow of Th. Lord Berkley 249. Wife of Henry V. 318. Wife of Henry VIII 437. Dutchess of Suffolk 479. Wife of John Talbot 549. S. Catharine's Well 905. Cathbregion 59. Catigern 193. Cathness Earl of 947. CATINI ibid Catlidge 408 415. Catmose vale 455. Catteshul 154. CATTI 277. CATTIEVCHLANI 277 278 307 566. Catti-hill 537. Cattimarus 277. Cattle the Riches of Ireland 985. Cattle-stealers 908. CATVELLANI 231. CATVRACTONIVM 761 767. Catus Decianus 365 Caude 833 Caudebeck ibid. Caves Family 439. Cavels 12. Cavenaughs 988 992. Cavendishes 36 872. Cavendish Will. 493 711. Caverns 342 622 623. Caversfield 284. Caversham 281. Caun 77. Caurse-castle 543. Cauzes 484. Cawood 722. Caxton 403. Cay-hill 89. Ceada 341 344. S. Ceada see Chad. Ceadwalla see Cadwalla Ceaster 193. Ceaulin 70 85 100 111 159 238 240 266. Cecil Rob. 51 456. de Fortibus 61. Sir Tho. 159. Tho. Earl 442. William Lord 126 296 305 438 442 463 476 574. Cecils 32 94 107 760. Cecil Daughter to W. Baron Bonevil 33 67. Daughter to Jordan Fitz-Stephens 29. Countess of Oxon 319. Wife to J. Bourchier 62. Daughter of Hugh d'Albeney 668. Cedda 373. Cedwalla 117 129 168. Celd 217. Celibacy first enjoyn'd Priests 27 519 547. CELNIVS fluv CELTAE xii xv xvii xxi xxiii Celtiberians 185 186. Celurca 938. CENIMAGNI 77 365 365 395. CENIO 7. CENIONIS ostium ibid. Ceol 111. Ceolfrid 784. Cerdick 100 114 129 280 389. Cerdickford 114. Cerdicksand 389. Ceremonies at the investiture of the Princes of Wales 695 696. at the