Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	archbishop_n	bishop_n	york_n	3,248	5	9.6221	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A01342	The historie of the holy vvarre; by Thomas Fuller, B.D. prebendarie of Sarum, late of Sidney Colledge in Cambridge	Fuller, Thomas, 1608-1661.; Marshall, William, fl. 1617-1650, engraver.	1639 (1639)	STC 11464; ESTC S121250	271,232	328

lavish physick on him in whom he seeth faciem cadaverosam so that death hath taken possession in the sick mans countenance finding this warre to be desperate and dedecus fortitudinis they even fairly left the Holy land and came into Europe meaning to lay out their valour on some thing that would quit cost But hereof hereafter Chap. 6. Richard of England and Philip of France set forward to the Holy land The danger of the interveiws of Princes THe miseries of the Christians in Syria being reported in Europe made Richard the first King of England and Philip the second surnamed Augustus King of France to make up all private dissensions betwixt them and to unite their forces against the Turks Richard was well stored with men the bones and quickly got money the sinews of warre by a thousand Princely skills gathering so much coin as if he meant not to return because looking back would unbowe his resolution To Hugh Bishop of Duresme for his life he sold the County of Northumberland jesting he had made a new Earl of an old Bishop He sold Barwick and Roxburgh to the Scottish king for ten thousand pounds Yea he protested he would sell his citie of London if any were able to buy it rather then he would be burdensome to his subjects for money But take this as he spake it for a flourish for pretending he had lost his old he made a new seal wherewith he squeezed his subjects and left a deep impression in their purses forcing them to have all their instruments new-sealed which any wayes concerned the Crown Having now provided for himself he forgot not his younger brother John Earl of Morton who was to stay behind him an active man who if he misliked the maintenance was cut for him would make bold to carve for himself Lest therefore straitned for means he should swell into discontent King Richard gave him many Earldomes and honours to the yearly value of foure thousand marks Thus he received the golden saddle but none of the bridle of the Common-wealth honour riches were heaped upon him but no place of trust and command For the King deputed William Bishop of Ely his Viceroy choosing him for that place rather then any lay-Earl because a Coronet perchance may swell into a Crown but never a Mitre For a Clergie-mans calling made him uncapable of usurpation in his own person Thus having settled matters at home he set forth with many of our nation which either ushered or followed him Of these the prime were Baldwine Archbishop of Canterbury Hubert Bishop of Salisburie Robert Earl of Leicester Ralph de Glanvile late chief Justice of England Richard de Clare Walter de Kime c. The Bishops of Duresme and Norwich though they had vowed this voyage were dispensed with by the court of Rome quae nulli deest pecuniam largienti to stay at home His navie he sent about by Spain and with a competent number took his own journey through France At Tours he took his Pilgrimes scrip and staff from the Archbishop His staff at the same time casually brake in pieces which some whose dexteritie lay in sinister interpreting all accidents construed a token of ill successe Likewise when he and the French king with their trains passed over the bridge of Lyons on the fall of the bridge this conceit was built That there would be a falling out betwixt these two Kings which accordingly came to passe their intercourse and familiaritie breeding hatred and discontent betwixt them Yea the interviews of equall Princes have ever been observed dangerous Now Princes measure their equalitie not by the extent of their dominions but by the absolutenesse of their power so that he that is supreme and independent in his own countrey counteth himself equall to any other Prince how great soever Perchance some youthfull Kings may disport and solace themselves one in anothers companie whilest as yet pleasure is all the elevation of their souls But when once they grow sensible of their own greatnesse a lesson they will quickly learn and shall never want teachers then emulation will be betwixt them because at their meeting they cannot so go in equipage but one will still be the foremost Either his person will be more proper or carriage more court-like or attendance more accomplished or attire more fashionable or some thing will either be or conceived to be more majesticall in one then the other And corrivalls in honour count themselves eclipsed by every beam of state which shineth from their competitour Wherefore the best way to keep great Princes together is to keep them asunder accommodating their businesse by Embassadours lest the meeting of their own persons part their affections Chap. 7. King Richard conquereth Sicilie and Cyprus in his passage to the Holy land AT Lyons these two Kings parted their trains and went severall wayes into Sicilie King Richard in his passage though within fifteen miles of Rome wanting forsooth either devotion or manners vouchsafed not to give his Holinesse a visit yea plainly told Octavian Bishop of Ostia the Popes Confessour that having better objects to bestow his eyes on he would not stirre a step to see the Pope Because lately without mercie he had simoniacally extorted a masse of money from the Prelates of England At Messana in Sicilie these two Kings meet again where to complete King Richards joy behold his Navie there safely arriving which with much difficultie and danger had fetched a compasse about Spain And now King Richard by his own experience grew sensible of the miseries which merchants and mariners at sea underwent being alwayes within few inches often within an hairs breadth of death Wherefore now touched with remorse of their pitifull case he resolved to revoke the law of Wracks as a law so just that it was even unjust For formerly both in England and Normandie the Crown was intituled to shipwrackt goods and the King jure gentium made heir unto them which otherwise jure naturali were conceived to be in bonis nullius pertaining to no owner But now our Richard refused to make advantage of such pitifull accidents and to strip poore mariners out of those rags of their estates which the mercie and modestie of the waves and winds had left them And therefore on the moneth of October at Messana in the presence of many Archbishops and Bishops he for ever quitted the claim to Wracks So that if any man out of the ship cometh alive to the shore the propertie of the shipwrackt goods is still preserved to the owner Yea this grant was so enlarged by our succeeding Kings that if a dogge or a cat escaped alive to land the goods still remained the owners if he claimed them within a yeare and a day Tankred at this time was King of Sicilie a bastard born and no wonder if climbing up to the throne the wrong way he shaked when he sat down Besides he was

handsomenesse preferred to be Patriarch William Archbishop of Tyre was violent against his election because of a prophesie That as Heraclius King of Persia wonne so an Heraclius should lose the Crosse. But others excepted that this exception was nothing worth For let God give the man and let the devil set the name As for those blind prophesies they misse the truth ofter then hit it so that no wise man will lean his belief on so slender a prop. But Heraclius had a worse name then his name the bad report of his vitious life keeping a Vintners wife whom he maintained in all state like an Empresse and owned the children he had by her Her name Pascha de Rivera and she was generally saluted The Patriarchesse His example infected the inferiour clergie whose corruption was a sad presage of the ruine of the realm For when Prelates the Seers when once those eye-strings begin to break the heart-strings hold not out long after In his time the Maronites were reconciled to the Romane Church Their main errour was the heresie of the Monothelites touching one onely will and action in Christ. For after that the heresie of Nestorius about two persons in our Saviour was detested in the Eastern Churches some thought not themselves safe enough from the heresie of two persons till they were fallen with the opposite extremity of one nature in Christ violence making men reel from one extreme to another The errour once broched found many embracers As no opinion so monstrous but if it hath had a mother it will get a nurse But now these Maronites renouncing their tenents received the Catholick faith though soon after when Saladine had conquered their countrey they relapsed to their old errours wherein they continued till the late times of Pope Gregory the thirteenth and Clement the eighth when they again renewed their communion with the Romane Church They live at this day on mount Libanus not exceeding twelve thousand households and pay to the great Turk for every one above twelve yeares old seventeen sultanines by the yeare and for every space of ground sixteen spanne square one sultanine yearly to keep themselves free from the mixture of Mahometanes A sultanine is about seven shillings six pence of our money To return to Heraclius Soon after he was sent Embassadour to Henry the second King of England to crave his personall assistance in the Holy warre delivering unto him the Royall standard with the keyes of our Saviours sepulchre the towre of David and the city of Jerusalem sent him by King Baldwine King Henry was singled out for this service before other Princes because the world justly reported him valiant wise rich powerfull and fortunate And which was the main hereby he might expiate his murder and gather up again the innocent bloud which he had shed of Thomas Becket Besides Heraclius entituled our Henry to the kingdome of Jerusalem because Geoffrey Plantagenet his father was sonne some say brother to Fulk the fourth King of Jerusalem But King Henry was too wise to bite at such a bait wherein was onely the husk of title without the kernel of profit Yet he pretended he would go into Palestine and got hereby a masse of money towards his voyage making every one as well Clerk as Lay saving such as went to pay that yeare the tenth of all their revenues moveables and chattells as well in gold as in silver Of every citie in England he chose the richest men as in London two hundred in York an hundred and so in proportion and took the tenth of all their moveables by the estimation of credible men who knew their estates imprisoning those which refused to pay sub eleemosynae titulo vitium rapacitatis includans saith Walsingham But now when he had filled his purse all expected he should fulfill his promise when all his voyage into Palestine turned into a journey into France Heraclius whilest he stayed in England consecrated the Temple-church in the suburbs of London and the house adjoyning belonging to the Templars since turned to a better use for the students of our municipall Law these new Templars defending one Christian from another as the old ones Christians from Pagans Chap. 40. Saladine fitteth himself with forrein forces The originall and great power of the Mammalukes with their first service IN the minority of King Baldwine who was but thirteen yeares old Milo de Plancia Noble-man was Protectour of the Realm Whose pride and insolence could not be brooked and therefore he was stabbed at Ptolemais and Reimund Count of Tripoli chosen to succeed him Now Saladine seriously intendeth to set on the Kingdome of Jerusalem and seeketh to furnish himself with souldiers for that service But he perceived that the ancient nation of the Egyptians had lasted so long that now it ranne dregs their spirits being as low as the countrey they lived in and they fitter to make merchants and mechanicks then military men For they were bred in such soft imployments that they were presently foundred with any hard labour Wherefore he sent to the Circassians by the lake of Meotis neare Taurica Chersonesus and thence bought many slaves of able and active bodies For it was a people born in a hard countrey no fewel for pleasure grew there nor was brought thither and bred harder so that warre was almost their nature with custome of continuall skirmishing with the neighbouring Tartars These slaves he trained up in military discipline most of them being Christians once baptized but afterwards untaught Christ they learned Mahomet and so became the worse foes to religion for once being her friends These proved excellent souldiers and speciall horsemen and are called Mammalukes And surely the greatnesse of Saladine and his successours stood not so much on the legs of their native Egyptians as it leaned on the staff of these strangers Saladine and especially the Turkish Kings after him gave great power and placed much trust in these Mammalukes Who lived a long time in ignorance of their own strength till at last they took notice of it and scorning any longer to be factours for another they would set up for themselves and got the sovereignty from the Turkish Kings Thus Princes who make their subjects over-great whet a knife for their own throats And posterity may chance to see the insolent Janizaries give the grand Seignor such a trip on the heel as may tumble him on his back But more largely of these Mammalukes usurping the kingdome of Egypt God willing in its proper place Thus Saladine having furnished himself with new souldiers went to handsel their valour upon the Christians invaded the Holy land burning all the countrey before him and raging in the bloud of poore Christians till he came and encamped about Askelon Mean time whilest Reimund Count of Tripoli Protectour of the Kingdome with Philip Earl of Flanders the chief strength of the Kingdome were absent in Celosyria wasting the countrey about

Dukes of Austria bear Gules a Fesse Argent in memory of the valour of Leopoldus at the siege of Ptolemais whereof before The Duke of Savoy beareth Gules a Crosse Argent being the crosse of S. John of Jerusalem because his predecessours were speciall benefactours to that Order and assisted them in defending of Rhodes Queens Colledge in Cambridge to which I ow my education for my first seven yeares in that Universitie giveth for parcel of her Arms amongst many other rich Coats the Crosse of Jerusalem as being founded by Queen Margaret wife to King Henry the sixth and daughter of Renate Earl of Angiers and titular King of Sicilie and Jerusalem The noble and numerous familie of the Douglasses in Scotland whereof at this day are one Marquesse two Earls and a Vice-count give in their Arms a mans Heart ever since Robert Bruse King of Scotland bequeathed his heart to James Douglasse to carry it to Jerusalem which he accordingly performed To instance in particulars were endlesse we will onely summe them up in generals Emblemes of honour born in Coats occasioned by the Holy warre are reducible to these heads 1. Scallop-shells which may fitly for the workmanship thereof be called artificium naturae It seemeth Pilgrimes carried them constantly with them as Diogenes did his dish to drink in I find an Order of Knights called Equites Cochleares wearing belike Cockle or Scallop-shells belonging to them who had done good sea-service especially in the Holy warre and many Hollanders saith my Authour for their good service at the siege of Damiata were admitted into that Order 2. Saracens Heads It being a maxime in Heraldrie That it is more honourable to bear the head then any other part of the bodie They are commonly born either black or bloudie But if Saracens in their Arms should use Christians heads I doubt not but they would shew ten to one 3. Pilgrimes or Palmers Scrips or Bags the Arms of the worshipfull family of the Palmers in Kent 4. Pilgrimes Staves and such like other implements and accout●ements belonging unto them 5. But the chiefest of all is the Crosse which though born in Arms before yet was most commonly and generally used since the Holy warre The plain Crosse or S. Georges Crosse I take to be the mother of all the rest as plain-song is much senior to any running of division Now as by transposition of a few letters a world of words are made so by the varying of this Crosse in form colour and metall ringing as it were the changes are made infinite severall Coats The Crosse of Ierusalem or five Crosses most frequently used in this warre Crosse P●●ée because the ends thereof are broad Fichée whose bottom is sharp to be fixed in the ground Wavée which those may justly wear who sailed thither through the miseries of the sea or sea of miseries Molinée because like to the rind of a mill Saltyrée or S. Andrews Crosse Florid or garlanded with flowers the Crosse crossed Besides the divers tricking or dressing as piercing voiding fimbriating ingrailing couping And in fansie and devices there is still a plus ultra insomuch that Crosses alone as they are variously disguised are enough to distinguish all the severall families of Gentlemen in England Exemplary is the Coat of George Villiers Duke of Buckingham five Scallop-shells on a plain Crosse speaking his predecessours valour in the Holy warre For Sir Nicolas de Villiers Knight followed Edward the first in his warres in the Holy land and then and there assumed this his new Coat For formerly he bore Sable three Cinquefoils Argent This Nicolas was the ancestour of the Duke of Buckingham lineally descended from the ancient familie of Villiers in Normandie then which name none more redoubted in this service For we find John de Villiers the one and twentieth Master of the Hospitallers and another Philip de Villiers Master of Rhodes under whom it was surrendred to the Turks a yeelding equall to a conquest Yet should one labour to find a mysterie in all Arms relating to the qualitie or deserts of the owners of them like Chrysippus who troubled himself with great contention to find out a Stoicall assertion of Philosophie in every fiction of the Poets he would light on a labour in vain For I beleeve be it spoken with loyaltie to all Kings of Arms and Heralds their Lieutenants in that facultie that at the first the will of the bearer was the reason of the bearing or if at their originall of assuming them there were some speciall cause yet time since hath cancelled it And as in Mythologie the morall hath often been made since the fable so a sympathie betwixt the Arms and the bearer hath sometimes been of later invention I denie not but in some Coats some probable reason may be assigned of bearing them But it is in vain to digge for mines in every ground because there is lead in Mendip hills To conclude As great is the use of Arms so this especially To preserve the memories of the dead Many a dumbe monument which through time or sacriledge hath lost his tongue the epitaph yet hath made such signes by the scutcheons about it that Antiquaries have understood who lay there entombed Chap. 25. Some offers of Christian Princes for Palestine since the end of the Holy warre by Henry the fourth of England Charles the eighth of France and Iames the fourth of Scotland AS after that the bodie of the sunne is set some shining still surviveth in the west so after this Holy warre was expired we find some straggling rayes and beams of valour offering that way ever and anon the Christian Princes having a bout with that designe To collect the severall essayes of Princes glancing on that project were a task of great pains and small profit specially some of them being umbrages and State-representations rather then realities to ingratiate Princes with their subjects or with the oratorie of so pious a project to woo money out of peoples purses or thereby to cloke and cover armies levied to other intents Besides most of these designes were abortive or aborsive rather like those untimely miscarriages not honoured with a soul or the shape and lineaments of an infant Yet to save the Readers longing we will give him a tast or two and begin with that of our Henry the fourth of England The end of the reigne of this our Henry was peaceable and prosperous For though his title was builded on a bad foundation yet it had strong buttresses most of the Nobilitie favoured and fensed it And as for the house of York it appeared not its best bloud as yet ranne in feminine veins and therefore was the lesse active Now King Henry in the sunne-shine evening of his life after a stormie day was disposed to walk abroad and take in some forrein aire He pitched his thoughts on the Holy warre for to go to Jerusalem and began to provide for the