he_o teach_v they_o that_o can_v hear_v he_o how_o they_o shall_v live_v 7._o to_o which_o perhaps_o may_v be_v add_v the_o great_a council_n of_o kyrtlington_n hold_v there_o not_o long_o after_o in_o a_o 977_o at_o which_o be_v present_a king_n edward_n the_o martyr_n and_o st_n dunstan_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o at_o which_o die_v sidemannus_n bishop_n of_o crediton_n this_o council_n by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n 493._o spelman_n h._n spelman_n council_n tom._n 1._o an._n 977._o p._n 493._o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o mention_v by_o wigorniensis_n hold_v at_o kyrtlinege_v which_o he_o guess_v to_o be_v now_o katlage_n in_o cambridge-shire_n but_o i_o rather_o believe_v it_o be_v hold_v here_o not_o only_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o name_n which_o remain_v the_o same_o to_o this_o day_n but_o because_o of_o the_o one_o and_o only_a constitution_n make_v there_o viz._n that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o country_n people_n to_o go_v in_o pilgrimage_n to_o st._n mary_n of_o abington_n a_o thing_n in_o all_o likelihood_n not_o so_o desirable_a to_o the_o people_n of_o cambridge-shire_n as_o to_o we_o of_o oxford-shire_n so_o near_o the_o place_n beside_o the_o great_a reputation_n that_o this_o place_n be_v of_o in_o ancient_a time_n seem_v to_o justify_v my_o plea_n it_o enjoy_v as_o great_a privilege_n and_o perhaps_o be_v a_o fit_a place_n in_o those_o day_n for_o the_o reception_n of_o such_o a_o assembly_n than_o oxford_n itself_o for_o i_o find_v it_o part_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o who_o it_o come_v to_o henry_n son_n of_o edmund_n crouchback_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n and_o father_n to_o henry_n the_o first_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n by_o who_o daughter_n and_o sole_a heir_n blanch_n it_o come_v to_o john_n of_o gaunt_n duke_n of_o aquitane_n and_o lancaster_n and_o be_v free_a a_o thelonio_n passagio_fw-la lastagio_fw-it pacagio_fw-it stallagio_fw-it tallagio_fw-la tollagio_fw-it cariagio_fw-it &_o terragio_fw-it per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la as_o i_o find_v it_o in_o a_o old_a charter_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o right_n worshipful_a sir_n tho_o chamberleyne_v now_o lord_n of_o the_o town_n who_o singular_a civility_n in_o impart_v this_o and_o some_o other_o matter_n hereafter_o to_o be_v mention_v i_o can_v but_o in_o gratitude_n ever_o acknowledge_v 8._o from_o whence_o after_o so_o long_o but_o i_o hope_v not_o unpleasant_a digression_n i_o return_v to_o the_o beautiful_a oxford_n again_o a_o place_n of_o so_o sweet_a and_o wholesome_a a_o air_n that_o though_o it_o must_v not_o be_v compare_v with_o that_o of_o montpellier_n yet_o upon_o my_o own_o knowledge_n it_o have_v prove_v so_o advantageous_a to_o some_o that_o it_o have_v prefect_o recover_v they_o of_o deep_a consumption_n and_o particular_o a_o worthy_a friend_n of_o i_o who_o though_o he_o come_v hither_o sufficient_o spend_v yet_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o physic_n within_o few_o month_n feel_v a_o sensible_a amendment_n and_o in_o few_o year_n become_v of_o as_o sanguine_a a_o complexion_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o friend_n that_o have_v almost_o despair_v of_o he_o 9_o some_o have_v think_v the_o small_a pox_n here_o more_o then_o ordinary_o frequent_a and_o it_o must_v indeed_o be_v confess_v that_o we_o be_v perhaps_o as_o often_o though_o not_o so_o severe_o infest_a as_o some_o other_o place_n for_o general_o here_o they_o be_v so_o favourable_a and_o kind_a that_o be_v the_o nurse_n but_o tolerable_o good_a the_o patient_n seldom_o miscarry_v but_o admit_v the_o objection_n be_v true_o make_v that_o it_o be_v more_o subject_n to_o the_o small_a pox_n than_o other_o neighbour_a city_n about_o yet_o if_o by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o it_o feel_v the_o rage_n of_o the_o plague_n i_o think_v the_o edge_n of_o the_o charge_n be_v sufficient_o rebate_v it_o be_v report_v among_o the_o 49._o the_o philosoph_n transact_v num_fw-la 49._o observation_n of_o a_o ingenious_a person_n that_o reside_v long_o in_o the_o island_n japan_n that_o though_o the_o air_n be_v very_o salubrious_a there_o yet_o the_o small_a pox_n and_o flux_n be_v very_o frequent_a but_o the_o plague_n not_o so_o much_o as_o ever_o hear_v of_o which_o have_v often_o make_v i_o reflect_v on_o the_o year_n 1665_o when_o the_o pestilence_n be_v spread_v in_o a_o manner_n all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n that_o even_o then_o though_o the_o court_n both_o house_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o term_n be_v keep_v at_o oxford_n the_o plague_n notwithstanding_o be_v not_o there_o at_o all_o 10._o other_o again_o tell_v we_o of_o the_o black_a assize_n hold_v in_o the_o castle_n here_o an_z 1577._o when_o a_o poisonous_a steam_n break_v forth_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o mortal_o seize_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o judge_n sheriff_n justice_n gentry_z and_o juries_n beside_o great_a number_n of_o other_o that_o attend_v the_o business_n that_o they_o sicken_v upon_o it_o and_o almost_o all_o of_o they_o die_v but_o let_v it_o not_o be_v ascribe_v to_o ill_a fume_n and_o exhalation_n ascend_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o poison_v the_o air_n for_o such_o will_v have_v equal_o affect_v the_o prisoner_n as_o judge_n but_o we_o find_v not_o that_o they_o die_v otherwise_o then_o by_o the_o halter_n which_o easy_o persuade_v i_o to_o be_v of_o the_o mind_n of_o my_o 914._o my_o nat._n hist_o cent._n 10._o num_fw-la 914._o lord_n verulam_n who_o attribute_n it_o whole_o to_o the_o smell_n of_o the_o goal_n where_o the_o prisoner_n have_v be_v long_o close_o and_o nasty_o keep_v 11._o it_o be_v true_a that_o oxford_n be_v much_o more_o unhealthy_a heretofore_o then_o now_o it_o be_v by_o reason_n the_o city_n be_v then_o much_o less_o and_o the_o scholar_n many_o more_o who_o when_o crowd_v up_o in_o so_o narrow_a a_o space_n and_o the_o then_o slovenly_a townsman_n not_o keep_v the_o street_n clean_o but_o kill_v all_o manner_n of_o cattle_n within_o the_o wall_n do_v render_v the_o place_n much_o more_o unhealthy_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o find_v so_o many_o rescript_n of_o our_o king_n prohibit_v mactationem_fw-la grossarum_fw-la bestiarum_fw-la infra_fw-la muros_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la vici_fw-la mundentur_fw-la à _fw-la fimis_fw-la &_o fimariis_fw-la bear_v date_n 13_o hen._n 3._o 29_o edw._n 1._o 12_o edw._n 3._o 37_o hen._n 6._o 91._o 6._o mss._n in_o arch._n bib._n bod._n fol._n 90_o 91._o and_o all_o allege_v the_o reason_n quia_fw-la per_fw-la have_v mactationes_fw-la etc._n etc._n aer_fw-la ibidem_fw-la inficitur_fw-la because_o by_o the_o kill_a such_o manner_n of_o cattle_n and_o lay_v the_o dung_n in_o the_o street_n the_o air_n be_v infect_v moreover_o about_o these_o time_n the_o isis_n and_o cherwell_n through_o the_o carelessness_n of_o the_o townsman_n be_v fill_v with_o mud_n and_o the_o common-shoar_n by_o this_o mean_v stop_v do_v cause_v the_o ascent_n of_o malignant_a vapour_n wherever_o there_o happen_v to_o be_v a_o flood_n for_o beside_o its_o stir_v the_o infectious_a mass_n great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n can_v not_o timely_o pass_v away_o but_o stagnate_v in_o the_o low_a meadow_n can_v not_o but_o increase_v the_o noxious_a putrid_a steam_n but_o the_o former_a be_v long_a since_o remedy_v by_o the_o care_n of_o the_o university_n and_o the_o latter_a by_o the_o piety_n and_o charge_n of_o richard_n fox_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o founder_n of_o c.c.c._n oxon._n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1517._o cleanse_v the_o river_n and_o cut_v more_o trench_n for_o the_o water_n free_a passage_n 245._o passage_n hist_o &_o antiq._n univers_n oxon._n lib._n 1._o pag._n 245._o the_o town_n have_v ever_o since_o continue_v in_o a_o healthful_a condition_n though_o i_o can_v but_o believe_v but_o be_v there_o yet_o more_o trench_n cut_v in_o some_o of_o the_o meadow_n the_o air_n may_v be_v somewhat_o better_v still_o especial_o during_o the_o winter_n season_n when_o i_o fear_v sometime_o flood_n stay_v a_o little_a too_o long_o and_o that_o not_o only_o near_o oxford_n but_o in_o otmoor_n and_o all_o along_o the_o isis_n from_o ensham_n to_o north-moor_n shifford_n chim_o and_o rotcot_n which_o bring_v i_o again_o to_o the_o general_a consideration_n of_o the_o water_n as_o well_o of_o the_o whole_a county_n as_o city_n 12._o that_o the_o healthiness_n of_o water_n consist_v in_o their_o due_a impregnation_n with_o salt_n and_o sulphur_n and_o their_o continuance_n so_o in_o their_o continual_a motion_n be_v indisputable_o evince_v from_o the_o stink_a evaporation_n of_o they_o upon_o any_o stagnation_n now_o that_o the_o river_n here_o abound_v with_o these_o will_v be_v altogether_o as_o manifest_v as_o that_o they_o run_v if_o we_o consider_v but_o the_o spring_n they_o receive_v and_o earth_n they_o wash_v the_o isis_n it_o be_v true_a till_o it_o come_v to_o new-bridge_n receive_v not_o that_o i_o
est_fw-la tamen_fw-la armillae_fw-la suus_fw-la quandoque_fw-la circulus_fw-la 41._o circulus_fw-la tho._n bartholin_n schedion_n de_fw-fr arm._n vet._n §._o 4._o p._n 41._o and_o that_o when_o ring_n be_v thus_o hang_v to_o bracelet_n there_o be_v always_o some_o mystery_n in_o it_o quod_fw-la annuli_fw-la armillis_fw-la fere_n jungantur_fw-la non_fw-la caret_fw-la mysterio_fw-la princip_n mysterio_fw-la idem_fw-la §._o 4._o in_o princip_n where_o by_o armillae_n he_o mean_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ornament_n for_o the_o wrist_n and_o by_o annuli_fw-la and_o circuli_fw-la ornament_n for_o the_o finger_n armillae_fw-la id_fw-la brachio_n praestant_fw-la quod_fw-la digitis_fw-la annuli_fw-la ibidem_fw-la annuli_fw-la ibidem_fw-la i._n e._n that_o bracelet_n have_v the_o same_o use_n on_o the_o wrist_n that_o ring_n have_v on_o the_o finger_n 112._o now_o that_o we_o be_v a_o armilla_n be_v plain_a enough_o for_o that_o the_o great_a copper_n ring_n be_v of_o somewhat_o above_o three_o inch_n diameter_n and_o big_a enough_o to_o encompass_v any_o ordinary_a man_n wrist_n the_o lesser_a iron_n one_o and_o green_a ring_n of_o glass_n be_v additional_a ornament_n especial_o the_o latter_a which_o questionless_a be_v put_v on_o to_o represent_v a_o emerald_n that_o sort_n of_o stone_n as_o pignorius_n and_o bartholin_n both_o testify_v be_v much_o use_v in_o bracelet_n 37._o bracelet_n vid._n laurentium_fw-la pignorium_n de_fw-fr servis_n et_fw-la bartholin_n schedion_n de_fw-fr armill_n §._o 3._o p._n 37._o which_o make_v i_o think_v it_o the_o bracelet_n but_o of_o some_o ordinary_a person_n the_o armilla_n itself_o be_v copper_n with_o which_o say_v bartholin_n only_o the_o vulgar_a adorn_v themselves_o armillae_fw-la aereae_fw-la plebeae_fw-la censendae_fw-la sunt_fw-la 32._o sunt_fw-la idem_fw-la §._o 3._o de_fw-fr armillarum_fw-la materiâ_fw-la p._n 32._o and_o the_o appendent_a glass_n but_o a_o counterfeit_a jewel_n 113._o for_o eminent_a place_n in_o this_o county_n during_o the_o government_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o dane_n in_o britan_n we_o may_v reckon_v first_o banbury_n then_o call_v banesbyrig_n where_o kenric_n the_o second_o west-saxon_a king_n about_o the_o year_n 540_o put_v to_o flight_n the_o britan_n fight_v for_o their_o life_n estate_n and_o all_o they_o have_v oxf._n have_v camd._n britan._n in_o oxf._n after_o the_o conquest_n about_o the_o year_n 1125._o it_o be_v strengthen_v with_o a_o castle_n by_o alexander_n the_o then_o great_a bishop_n of_o lincoln_n and_o since_o that_o jan._n 26._o 1_o mariae_fw-la make_v a_o burg_n or_o burrough_n consist_v of_o a_o bailiff_n 12_o alderman_n and_o 12_o burgess_n in_o recompense_n of_o their_o faithful_a service_n do_v to_o the_o say_a queen_n mary_n as_o it_o be_v express_v in_o their_o charter_n in_o manful_o resist_v john_n duke_n of_o northumberland_n that_o rebel_v against_o she_o whence_o it_o be_v plain_a this_o town_n be_v ever_o zealous_a in_o matter_n of_o religion_n of_o what_o persuasion_n soever_o they_o be_v heretofore_o as_o well_o as_o now_o since_o again_o on_o the_o 8_o of_o june_n jac._n 6_o it_o be_v make_v a_o major_a town_n consist_v of_o a_o major_n 12_o alderman_n and_z 6_o capital_a burgess_n 114._o and_o second_o benson_n alias_o benesingtune_n 2._o benesingtune_n will._n malmesburiens_fw-la de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la reg._n ang._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 2._o which_o marian_n say_v camden_n call_v villam_fw-la regiam_fw-la the_o king_n town_n and_o report_v that_o ceaulin_n the_o three_o king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a about_o the_o year_n 572_o take_v it_o from_o the_o britan_n which_o his_o successor_n keep_v 200_o year_n after_o till_o they_o be_v dispossess_v again_o by_o offa_n the_o great_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n oxon._n mercian_n camdeni_n britan._n in_o com._n oxon._n and_o three_o though_o dorchester_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o british_a dour_a which_o signify_v water_n and_o therefore_o call_v by_o leland_n hydropolis_n and_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v know_v to_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o money_n find_v thereabouts_o and_o the_o latin_a termination_n cester_n which_o say_v leland_n the_o saxon_n apply_v to_o city_n as_o well_o as_o fortification_n hydropolis_n fortification_n lelandi_fw-la comment_n in_o cygneam_fw-la cant._n in_o v._o hydropolis_n yet_o it_o never_o come_v to_o its_o height_n till_o birinus_fw-la a_o 614._o be_v seat_v there_o as_o bishop_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a by_o cynigelse_a their_o king_n who_o he_o have_v new_o baptise_a and_o oswald_n king_n of_o northumberland_n godfather_n to_o cynigelse_n 7._o cynigelse_n ven._n bedae_n hist_o ecclesiae_fw-la gent._n ang._n lib._n 3._o cap._n 7._o 115._o about_o this_o time_n the_o town_n of_o berencester_n alias_o berncester_n in_o saxon_a burenceaster_n and_o bernacester_n which_o i_o take_v to_o have_v be_v its_o primitive_a name_n seem_v also_o to_o have_v be_v raise_v and_o to_o have_v take_v its_o name_n as_o some_o have_v think_v from_o the_o same_o bishop_n birinus_fw-la quasi_fw-la birini_fw-la castrum_fw-la but_o i_o much_o rather_o believe_v it_o so_o call_v from_o bernwood_n or_o forest_n mention_v by_o bede_n 921._o bede_n chronologia_fw-la saxonica_n in_o an._n 921._o florilegus_n and_o wigorniensis_n 918._o wigorniensis_n mat._n westmon_n &_o florent_fw-la wigorn._n in_o an._n 918._o upon_o the_o edge_n whereof_o it_o be_v then_o seat_v nor_o be_v now_o far_o off_o it_o after_o which_o perhaps_o from_o st._n eadburg_n to_o who_o the_o priory_n there_o be_v and_o parish_n church_n be_v now_o dedicate_v it_o change_v its_o name_n to_o burgcester_n and_o since_o that_o to_o burcester_n now_o bisseter_n 116._o the_o town_n of_o burford_n in_o saxon_a beorford_n seem_v also_o to_o have_v be_v a_o place_n of_o good_a antiquity_n but_o most_o remarkable_a for_o a_o battle_n fight_v near_o it_o about_o the_o year_n 750_o citat_fw-la 750_o rog._n hoveden_n annal._n part._n priori_fw-la in_o an._n citat_fw-la perhaps_o on_o the_o place_n still_o call_v battle-edge_n west_n of_o the_o town_n betwixt_o it_o and_o vpton_n between_o cuthred_n or_o cuthbert_n a_o tributary_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a and_o ethelbald_a the_o mercian_n who_o insupportable_a exaction_n the_o former_a king_n not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v he_o come_v into_o the_o field_n against_o he_o meet_v and_o overthrow_v he_o here_o about_o burford_n win_v his_o banner_n wherein_o there_o be_v depict_v a_o golden_a dragon_n oxon._n dragon_n cam_z britan_n in_o com._n oxon._n in_o memory_n of_o which_o victory_n perhaps_o the_o custom_n yet_o within_o memory_n of_o make_v a_o dragon_n yearly_a and_o carry_v it_o up_o and_o down_o the_o town_n in_o great_a jollity_n on_o midsummer_n eve_n to_o which_o i_o know_v not_o for_o what_o reason_n they_o add_v a_o giant_n may_v likely_a enough_o be_v first_o institute_v 117._o after_o the_o conquest_n i_o find_v it_o the_o town_n of_o robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n base_a son_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o to_o who_o son_n william_n i_o have_v see_v a_o original_a charter_n grant_v he_o by_o king_n henr._n 2._o give_v to_o this_o his_o town_n of_o bureford_n gildam_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la quas_fw-la habent_fw-la liberi_fw-la burgenses_n de_fw-fr oxeneford_n most_o of_o which_o it_o have_v since_o lose_v and_o chief_o by_o the_o overrule_a power_n of_o sir_n laurence_n tanfield_n lord_n chief_a baron_n in_o queen_n elizabeth_n time_n yet_o it_o still_o retain_v the_o face_n of_o a_o corporation_n have_v a_o common_a seal_n etc._n etc._n the_o very_a same_o with_o henly_n as_o describe_v in_o the_o map_n if_o they_o differ_v not_o in_o colour_n which_o i_o can_v not_o learn_v 118._o as_o for_o wudustoke_n or_o wudestoc_n sax._n ƿudestoc_fw-la i._n e._n locus_fw-la sylvestris_fw-la now_o woodstock_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o seat_n royal_a ever_o since_o the_o day_n of_o king_n aelfred_n it_o appear_v by_o a_o ms._n in_o sir_n john_n cotton_n library_n that_o he_o translate_v boetius_fw-la de_fw-la consolation_n philosophiae_fw-la there_o a._n there_o ms._n in_o biblioth_n cottonianâ_fw-la sub_fw-la othone_n a._n nay_o so_o considerable_a be_v it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n aetheldred_n that_o he_o call_v a_o parliament_n there_o and_o enact_v law_n to_o be_v see_v among_o that_o collection_n of_o ancient_a law_n set_v forth_o by_o mr._n lambard_n 82._o lambard_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d gul._n lambard_n fol._n 82._o whence_o it_o may_v almost_o be_v certain_o conclude_v that_o here_o must_v have_v be_v a_o house_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n long_o before_o the_o day_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o who_o yet_o it_o be_v like_a indeed_o be_v the_o first_o that_o enclose_v the_o park_n with_o a_o wall_n though_o not_o for_o deer_n but_o all_o foreign_a wild_a beast_n such_o as_o lion_n leopard_n camel_n linx_n which_o he_o procure_v abroad_o of_o other_o prince_n among_o which_o more_o particular_o say_v william_n of_o malmesbury_n he_o keep_v a_o porcupine_n hispidis_fw-la setis_fw-la coopertam_fw-la
as_o animal_n plant_n and_o the_o universal_a furniture_n of_o the_o world_n second_o her_o extravagancy_n and_o defect_n occasion_v either_o by_o the_o exuberancy_n of_o matter_n or_o obstinacy_n of_o impediment_n as_o in_o monster_n and_o then_o last_o as_o she_o be_v restrain_v force_a fashion_a or_o determine_v by_o artificial_a operation_n all_o which_o without_o absurdity_n may_v fall_v under_o the_o general_a notation_n of_o a_o natural_a history_n thing_n of_o art_n as_o the_o lord_n bacon_n 2._o bacon_n de_fw-fr augm_n scient_a lib._n 2._o cap._n 2._o well_o observe_v not_o differ_v from_o those_o of_o nature_n in_o form_n and_o essence_n but_o in_o the_o efficient_a only_o man_n have_v no_o power_n over_o nature_n but_o in_o her_o matter_n and_o motion_n i._n e._n to_o put_v together_o separate_z or_o fashion_n natural_a body_n and_o sometime_o to_o alter_v their_o ordinary_a course_n 3._o yet_o neither_o shall_v i_o so_o strict_o tie_v myself_o up_o to_o this_o method_n 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celestial_a body_n be_v so_o remote_a that_o little_o can_v be_v know_v of_o they_o without_o the_o help_n of_o art_n and_o that_o all_o such_o matter_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n must_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o end_n of_o this_o book_n i_o have_v nothing_o of_o that_o kind_a to_o present_v the_o reader_n with_o that_o be_v local_a and_o separate_v from_o art_n but_o the_o appearance_n of_o two_o parhelia_n or_o mock-sun_n one_o on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o true_a one_o at_o ensham_n on_o the_o 29_o of_o may_n early_o in_o the_o morning_n in_o the_o year_n 1673._o with_o they_o also_o appear_v a_o great_a circle_n of_o light_a concentrical_a to_o the_o true_a sun_n and_o pass_v through_o the_o disk_n of_o the_o spurious_a one_o as_o in_o tab._n 1._o fig._n 1._o which_o though_o i_o see_v not_o the_o phaenomenon_n be_v as_o true_o draw_v for_o so_o it_o be_v confess_v by_o some_o that_o do_v as_o i_o can_v possible_o have_v do_v it_o if_o personal_o present_a and_o yet_o 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those_o that_o appear_v at_o rome_n march_v 20._o 1629._o renerium_n 1629._o des_fw-mi cartes_n meteor_n cap._n 10._o &_o gassend_n in_o ep._n ad_fw-la renerium_n and_o in_o france_n april_n 9_o anno_fw-la 1666._o 13._o 1666._o philos_fw-la trans_fw-la num_fw-la 13._o 2._o that_o whereas_o general_o such_o mock-sun_n appear_v not_o so_o bright_a nor_o be_v so_o well_o define_v as_o the_o true_a one_o be_v these_o according_a to_o the_o agreement_n of_o all_o appear_v of_o so_o even_a and_o strong_a a_o light_n that_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o distinguish_v the_o true_a from_o the_o false_a and_o perhaps_o may_v not_o be_v inferior_a to_o the_o parhelia_n mention_v by_o cardan_n 70._o cardan_n de_fw-fr rerum_fw-la varietate_fw-la lib._n 14._o c._n 70._o or_o that_o late_o be_v see_v in_o hungary_n 47._o hungary_n philos_fw-la trans_fw-la numb_a 47._o 6._o when_o they_o appear_v thus_o bright_a and_o illustrious_a astrologer_n heretofore_o always_o presage_v a_o triumvirate_n thus_o the_o triumvirate_n of_o antonius_n augustus_n and_o lepidus_n with_o all_o the_o evil_n that_o attend_v it_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o parhelia_n see_v a_o little_a before_o and_o herein_o cardan_n be_v so_o positive_a that_o he_o fear_v not_o to_o assert_v that_o after_o such_o a_o appearance_n we_o seldom_o if_o ever_o fail_v of_o one_o and_o therefore_o refer_v the_o parhelia_n see_v by_o himself_o to_o the_o triumvirate_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o france_n charles_n the_o five_o and_o solyman_n the_o turkish_a emperor_n and_o true_o be_v not_o these_o to_o be_v more_o than_o suspect_v of_o vanity_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o adapt_v a_o triumvirate_n to_o we_o but_o my_o religion_n and_o that_o god_n that_o have_v exhort_v we_o not_o to_o be_v dismay_v at_o the_o sign_n of_o heaven_n and_o solemn_o profess_v that_o it_o be_v even_o he_o that_o frustrate_v the_o token_n of_o the_o liar_n and_o make_v the_o diviner_n mad_a 25._o mad_a isa_n 44._o v._n 24_o 25._o have_v teach_v i_o to_o forbear_v i_o shall_v therefore_o add_v no_o more_o concern_v these_o thing_n but_o that_o though_o most_o common_o the_o parhelia_n with_o the_o true_a sun_n appear_v but_o three_o in_o number_n yet_o that_o sometime_o more_o have_v be_v see_v as_o four_o 13._o four_o philos_fw-la trans_fw-la numb_a 13._o in_o france_n anno_fw-la 1666._o five_o 10._o five_o des_fw-mi cartes_n meteor_n cap._n 10._o at_o rome_n anno_fw-la 1629._o five_o iii_o five_o matthew_n paris_n 17_o henr._n iii_o in_o england_n anno_fw-la 1233._o and_o six_o 2._o six_o des_fw-mi cartes_n meteor_n cap._n 10._o &_o fromond_n meteor_n lib._n 6._o art_n 2._o anno_fw-la 1525._o by_o sigismond_n the_o first_o king_n of_o poland_n which_o be_v the_o most_o that_o we_o read_v be_v ever_o see_v at_o a_o time_n though_o des_n cartes_n endeavour_v to_o show_v it_o be_v possible_a there_o may_v be_v seven_o 7._o and_o indeed_o this_o have_v be_v all_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v have_v mention_v concern_v the_o heaven_n 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sweet_a and_o healthful_a air_n they_o live_v in_o whereas_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o fenny_a and_o boggy_a country_n who_o spirit_n be_v clog_v with_o perpetual_a exhalation_n be_v general_o of_o a_o more_o stupid_a and_o unpleasant_a conversation_n 3._o that_o the_o quality_n of_o water_n and_o soyl_n together_o with_o the_o situation_n of_o place_n so_o the_o respective_a quarter_n of_o the_o world_n make_v they_o more_o or_o less_o healthy_a according_a to_o the_o great_a ibid._n great_a id._n ibid._n hypocrates_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o to_o these_o i_o must_v beg_v the_o favour_n of_o add_v not_o only_o more_o swasive_a but_o more_o irrefragable_a proof_n i_o mean_v the_o great_a age_n and_o constant_a health_n of_o person_n that_o have_v be_v late_o and_o be_v now_o live_v here_o richard_n clifford_n not_o long_o since_o of_o bolscot_n in_o this_o county_n die_v at_o 114_o year_n of_o age_n brian_n stephens_n bear_v at_o cherlbury_n but_o inhabitant_n of_o woodstock_n 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tho._n becket_n archiep._n cant._n a_o 1166._o a_o general_a council_n at_o oxford_n at_o which_o king_n hen._n 2._o make_v his_o son_n john_n king_n of_o ireland_n a_o 1177._o a_o parliament_n at_o oxford_n call_v parliamentum_fw-la magnum_fw-la temp_n h._n 2._o a_o 1185._o a_o council_n at_o oxford_n temp_n rich._n 1._o a_o conference_n at_o oxford_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o oxford_n temp_n hen._n 3._o a_o 1218._o which_o first_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o baron_n war_n a_o council_n at_o oxford_n under_o steph._n langton_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n an_z 1222._o a_o council_n at_o oxford_n an_z 1227._o a_o council_n at_o oxford_n under_o stephen_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o his_o suffragans_fw-la a_o 1230._o 14._o hen._n 3._o a_o council_n at_o oxford_n temp_n hen._n 3._o a_o 1233._o a_o council_n at_o oxford_n under_z edmund_z archbishop_n of_o cant._n a_o council_n hold_v at_o oxford_n by_o the_o bishop_n temp_n hen._n 3._o 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parliament_n at_o oxford_n 1_o car._n 1._o 1625._o a_o parliament_n summon_v at_o oxford_n temp_n car._n 1._o a_o 1644._o the_o term_n keep_v at_o oxford_n eodem_fw-la temp_n it_o be_v the_o king_n headquarters_n in_o the_o late_a civil_a war._n a_o parliament_n at_o oxford_n 13_o car._n 2._o a_o 1665._o the_o term_n keep_v at_o oxford_n eodem_fw-la temp_n the_o plague_n be_v then_o at_o london_n 5._o of_o these_o there_o be_v a_o imperfect_a list_n in_o a_o mss._n 173._o mss._n mss._n fol._n c._n p._n 173._o in_o corpus_fw-la christi_fw-la college_n library_n oxon._n in_o which_o there_o be_v also_o mention_v three_o synod_n hold_v in_o st._n mary_n church_n a_o provincial_a chapter_n of_o the_o friar_n preacher_n and_o a_o council_n hold_v at_o oxon._n who_o vote_n be_v write_v by_o abraham_n woodhall_n there_o be_v also_o a_o provincial_a council_n at_o oxford_n mention_v in_o the_o catalogue_n set_v before_o the_o decree_n of_o gratian._n but_o these_o bear_v no_o date_n and_o in_o all_o likelihood_n the_o same_o with_o some_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a i_o pass_v on_o to_o another_o parliament_n which_o though_o not_o at_o oxford_n yet_o be_v hold_v in_o this_o county_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v not_o improper_a for_o this_o place_n however_o i_o shall_v rather_o venture_v the_o danger_n of_o impropriety_n and_o misplace_n then_o omit_v the_o take_a notice_n of_o so_o considerable_a a_o meeting_n it_o be_v the_o first_o parliament_n hold_v in_o the_o county_n and_o doubtless_o in_o england_n call_v it_o be_v at_o shifford_n now_o a_o small_a village_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o bampton_n and_o show_v now_o nothing_o adequate_a to_o so_o great_a a_o assembly_n 6._o there_o be_v a_o mss._n in_o sir_n robert_n cotton_v library_n that_o give_v a_o account_n of_o this_o parliament_n which_o it_o say_v consist_v of_o the_o chief_a of_o all_o order_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v call_v at_o sifford_n now_o shifford_n in_o oxford-shire_n by_o king_n alfred_n where_o the_o king_n as_o head_n consult_v with_o the_o clergy_n noble_n and_o other_o about_o the_o manner_n and_o government_n of_o the_o people_n where_o he_o deliver_v some_o grave_a admonition_n concern_v the_o same_o the_o word_n of_o the_o mss._n be_v these_o at_o sifford_n seten_v dancr_n many_o feel_v biscops_n et_fw-fr feel_v bocler_v earl_n prude_v et_fw-fr cnihte_n egloche_n ðer_o ƿa_v erle_n elfricof_o ðe_a lage_n smuth_n ƿise_v &_o aec_fw-la alfred_n englehird_n engle_n derling_n on_o england_n he_o ƿas_o ce_a hem_o he_o begin_v leren_n sƿo_o high_a heren_n mihten_v hu_o hi_o here_o lif_fw-mi leden_fw-mi scolden_a i_o e._n there_o sit_v at_o shifford_n many_o thanes_z many_z bishop_n and_o many_o learned_a man_n wise_a earl_n and_o awful_a knight_n there_o be_v earl_n elfrick_n very_o learn_v in_o the_o law_n and_o alfred_n england_n herdsman_n england_n darling_n he_o be_v king_n of_o england_n
find_v i_o in_o other_o author_n that_o it_o be_v ever_o after_o attempt_v one_o there_o be_v it_o be_v true_a send_v hither_o as_o a_o present_a by_o st._n lewis_n the_o 9_o king_n of_o france_n to_z king_n henry_n the_o three_o anno_fw-la 1255._o which_v say_v matthew_n paris_n 1255._o paris_n matth._n paris_n in_o reg._n hen._n 3._o in_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1255._o be_v the_o first_o see_v on_o this_o side_n the_o alps_o and_o perhaps_o there_o may_v have_v be_v two_o or_o three_o bring_v for_o show_v hither_o since_o but_o whether_o it_o be_v likely_a any_o of_o these_o shall_v be_v bury_v at_o cornwell_n let_v the_o reader_n judge_n 163._o beside_o have_v this_o thighbone_n and_o tooth_n and_o the_o several_a other_o that_o have_v be_v find_v in_o england_n such_o as_o the_o two_o tooth_n take_v up_o at_o edulfsness_n in_o the_o county_n of_o essex_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o that_o may_v have_v be_v cut_v into_o two_o hundred_o of_o a_o ordinary_a cize_n essex_n cize_n cambden_n in_o essex_n and_o divers_a other_o bone_n and_o tooth_n find_v at_o chatham_n near_o canterbury_n somner_n canterbury_n chartham_z news_n set_v forth_o by_o mr._n joh._n somner_n and_o farley_n near_o maidstone_n in_o kent_n whereof_o i_o have_v one_o now_o by_o i_o dig_v up_o and_o give_v i_o by_o the_o true_o noble_a and_o ingenious_a jacob_n lord_n astley_n near_o seven_o inch_n round_o and_o five_o ounce_n and_o â…›_n in_o weight_n of_o which_o more_o when_o i_o come_v into_o kent_n have_v i_o say_v these_o bone_n and_o tooth_n be_v ever_o the_o spoil_n of_o elephant_n we_o shall_v certain_o at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o have_v meet_v also_o with_o those_o great_a tusk_n with_o which_o they_o be_v arm_v of_o which_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v there_o have_v be_v any_o yet_o find_v in_o england_n nor_o any_o thing_n like_o they_o 164._o add_v hereunto_o what_o prevail_v with_o i_o much_o that_o since_o the_o great_a conflagration_n of_o london_n anno_fw-la 1666._o upon_o the_o pull_n down_o of_o st._n marry_o wool-church_n and_o make_v the_o site_n of_o it_o into_o a_o mercat-place_n there_o be_v find_v a_o thighbone_n suppose_v to_o be_v of_o a_o woman_n now_o to_o be_v see_v at_o the_o kings-head_n tavern_n at_o greenwich_n in_o kent_n much_o big_a and_o long_o than_o we_o of_o stone_n can_v in_o proportion_n be_v have_v it_o be_v entire_a we_o have_v also_o here_o at_o oxford_n school_n oxford_n in_o the_o medicine_n school_n a_o thighbone_n that_o come_v from_o london_n three_o foot_n and_o two_o inch_n long_o which_o i_o guess_v may_v be_v of_o a_o agreeable_a proportion_n with_o we_o and_o the_o same_o day_n i_o bring_v the_o tooth_n from_o cornwell_n there_o be_v two_o other_o happy_o procure_v for_o i_o by_o my_o worthy_a friend_n samuel_n fowler_n a._n m._n dig_v up_o in_o the_o parish_n church_n of_o morton_n valence_n about_o seven_o mile_n from_o gloucester_n in_o the_o way_n thence_o to_o bristol_n in_o all_o point_n so_o exact_o like_o the_o other_o from_o cornwell_n in_o ridge_n cavity_n etc._n etc._n that_o have_v they_o not_o differ_v somewhat_o in_o colour_n they_o can_v scarce_o have_v any_o way_n be_v distinguish_v now_o how_o elephant_n shall_v come_v to_o be_v bury_v in_o church_n be_v a_o question_n not_o easy_o answer_v except_o we_o will_v run_v to_o so_o groundless_a a_o shift_n as_o to_o say_v that_o possible_o the_o elephant_n may_v be_v there_o bury_v before_o christianity_n flourish_v in_o britan_n and_o that_o these_o church_n be_v afterward_o casual_o build_v over_o they_o 165._o if_o it_o be_v urge_v out_o of_o ponticus_n virunnius_n and_o some_o other_o that_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n be_v at_o gloucester_n and_o that_o he_o build_v that_o city_n after_o his_o own_o name_n in_o memory_n of_o the_o marriage_n of_o his_o fair_a daughter_n gennissa_n with_o arviragus_n then_o king_n of_o britan_n 4._o britan_n pont._n virunnii_fw-la hist._n britan._n lib._n 4._o where_o possible_o he_o may_v have_v some_o of_o his_o elephant_n with_o he_o which_o may_v die_v and_o be_v bury_v thereabouts_o it_o must_v be_v answer_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o name_n of_o claudii_n castrum_n now_o gloucester_n seem_v so_o much_o to_o favour_v the_o story_n in_o hand_n that_o yet_o in_o all_o likelihood_n there_o be_v never_o any_o such_o matter_n for_o neither_o suetonius_n claudii_n suetonius_n sueton._n in_o vita_fw-la claudii_n who_o number_n up_o all_o the_o daughter_n that_o he_o have_v and_o show_v how_o give_v in_o marriage_n nor_o dion_n 60._o dion_n dion_n cass_n rom._n hist_o lib._n 60._o who_o do_v the_o same_o who_o live_v in_o his_o time_n and_o have_v bear_v the_o office_n of_o consul_n remember_v any_o such_o daughter_n or_o so_o dispose_v of_o to_o arviragus_n 166._o beside_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o claudius_n who_o come_v hither_o and_o be_v return_v again_o to_o rome_n within_o six_o month_n shall_v find_v so_o much_o time_n as_o to_o come_v up_o so_o far_o in_o the_o country_n as_o gloucester_n much_o less_o to_o celebrate_v such_o a_o marriage_n and_o build_v that_o city_n since_o the_o same_o dion_n express_o say_v that_o of_o those_o six_o month_n time_n he_o be_v here_o in_o britan_n but_o sixteen_o day_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v his_o own_o word_n citato_fw-la word_n idem_fw-la loco_fw-la citato_fw-la and_o those_o sixteen_o day_n in_o all_o probability_n be_v spend_v in_o order_v his_o army_n and_o join_v they_o with_o the_o force_n of_o plautius_n that_o lie_v then_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o thames_n ready_a to_o receive_v he_o and_o in_o take_v of_o camulodonum_fw-la which_o the_o same_o author_n assert_n he_o do_v that_o expedition_n and_o so_o immediate_o return_v 167._o but_o what_o be_v instar_fw-la omnium_fw-la in_o this_o difficult_a point_n there_o happy_o come_v to_o oxford_n while_o i_o be_v write_v of_o this_o a_o live_a elephant_n to_o be_v show_v public_o at_o the_o act_n an._n 1676._o with_o who_o bone_n and_o tooth_n i_o compare_v we_o and_o find_v those_o of_o the_o elephant_n not_o only_o of_o a_o different_a shape_n but_o also_o incomparable_o big_a than_o we_o though_o the_o beast_n be_v very_o young_a and_o not_o half_o grow_v if_o then_o they_o be_v neither_o the_o bone_n of_o horse_n ox_n nor_o elephant_n as_o i_o be_o strong_o persuade_v they_o be_v not_o upon_o comparison_n and_o from_o their_o like_a find_v in_o church_n it_o remain_v that_o notwithstanding_o their_o extravagant_a magnitude_n they_o must_v have_v be_v the_o bone_n of_o man_n or_o woman_n nor_o do_v any_o thing_n hinder_v but_o they_o may_v have_v be_v so_o provide_v it_o be_v clear_o make_v out_o that_o there_o have_v be_v man_n and_o woman_n of_o proportionable_a stature_n in_o all_o age_n of_o the_o world_n down_o even_o to_o our_o own_o day_n p68_n the_o son_n of_o anak_n no_o question_n be_v very_o great_a man_n and_o goliath_n for_o certain_a be_v nine_o foot_n nine_o inch_n high_a 4._o high_a 1_o sam._n c._n 17._o v._n 4._o we_o read_v also_o of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o titan_n and_o of_o high_a giant_n 7._o giant_n judith_n 16._o v._o 7._o and_o of_o giant_n famous_a from_o the_o begin_n that_o be_v of_o great_a stature_n and_o expert_a in_o war_n 26._o war_n baruch_n 3._o v._o 26._o and_o to_o omit_v the_o fable_n of_o the_o giant_n of_o mount_n erice_n near_o drepanum_n in_o sicily_n 200_o cubit_n high_a of_o tanger_n in_o mauritania_n 60_o cubit_n 4._o cubit_n vid._n athan._n kircheri_fw-la mundum_fw-la subterr_v lib._n 8_o sect_n 2._o cap._n 4._o and_o of_o the_o giant_n find_v stand_v in_o a_o rock_n cleave_v by_o a_o earthquake_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o candy_n 46_o cubit_n suppose_v to_o be_v orion_n or_o otus_n 16._o otus_n plin._n nat._n hist._n lib._n 7._o cap._n 16._o and_o several_a other_o mention_v by_o phlegon_n 19_o phlegon_n phlegon_n trallianus_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la mirabilibus_fw-la cap._n 11_o 12_o 17_o 18_o 19_o among_o the_o roman_n theutobochus_n king_n of_o the_o teutones_n or_o german_n vanquish_v by_o marius_n be_v report_v by_o florus_n to_o be_v insigne_fw-la 〈…〉_o phispectaculum_fw-la so_o very_o tall_a that_o he_o be_v see_v above_o all_o the_o trophy_n 3._o trophy_n flâ—ri_n hist._n rom._n lib_n 3_o cap._n 3._o which_o be_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o enemy_n usual_o carry_v aloft_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o spear_n naevius_n pollio_n say_v pliny_n 16._o pliny_n nat_n hist_o lib._n 7._o cap._n 16._o be_v so_o great_a a_o giant_n have_v no_o account_n of_o his_o dimension_n that_o it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o wonderful_a strange_a thing_n that_o when_o a_o great_a press_n of_o people_n come_v run_v upon_o he_o he_o have_v like_a to_o have_v be_v kill_v 169._o but_o to_o come_v close_o to_o the_o business_n and_o more_o determinate_a stature_n
discontinue_v by_o plough_v and_o other_o accident_n yet_o by_o their_o point_n and_o after_o a_o diligent_a scrutiny_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v render_v at_o least_o a_o probable_a account_n of_o they_o 19_o but_o before_o i_o descend_v to_o particular_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a i_o think_v to_o acquaint_v the_o reader_n that_o of_o these_o among_o the_o roman_n some_o be_v call_v public_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o other_o vicinal_a viarum_fw-la vicinal_a ff_n ne_fw-fr quid_fw-la in_o loco_fw-la publ_n vel_fw-la itinere_fw-la fiat_fw-la l._n praetor_n ait_fw-fr §._o viarum_fw-la and_o that_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o these_o be_v otherwise_o call_v as_o reckon_v up_o by_o taboetius_n histor_n taboetius_n julius_n taboet_n in_o ephemerid_n histor_n by_o these_o other_o different_a name_n regiae_n by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d praetoriae_fw-la consulares_fw-la militares_fw-la privilegiatae_fw-la illustres_fw-la frequentatae_fw-la celebres_fw-la eximiae_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o after_o by_o the_o conqueror_n william_n in_o the_o law_n he_o confirm_v of_o st._n edward_n chemini_fw-la majores_fw-la from_o the_o french_a chemin_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o same_o king_n edward_n 13._o edward_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d gul._n lambard_n inter_fw-la l.l._n boni_fw-la regis_fw-la edoard_v ll._n 12_o 13._o of_o which_o sort_n we_o have_v in_o all_o but_o four_o in_o england_n watling-street_n the_o foss_n ikenild-street_n and_o ermingstreet_n whereof_o two_o stretch_v themselves_o from_o sea_n to_o sea_n the_o length_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o two_o other_o the_o breadth_n all_o misdemeanour_n commit_v in_o these_o fall_v under_o the_o cognizance_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o pax_fw-la autem_fw-la quatuor_fw-la cheminorum_fw-la intellige_fw-la majorum_fw-la sub_fw-la majori_fw-la judicio_fw-la continetur_fw-la ibidem_fw-la continetur_fw-la ibidem_fw-la 20._o beside_o these_o there_o be_v many_o other_o of_o like_a erection_n though_o of_o less_o extent_n by_o the_o ancient_a roman_n call_v vicinales_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o vicos_fw-la ducebant_fw-la i._n e._n from_o colony_n to_o colony_n from_o station_n to_o station_n which_o be_v also_o public_a if_o compare_v with_o the_o more_o private_a agrarian_a way_n supra_fw-la way_n ff_n ne_fw-fr quid_fw-la in_o loco_fw-la etc._n etc._n l._n &_o §._o quibus_fw-la supra_fw-la and_o these_o be_v after_o by_o king_n william_n call_v chemini_fw-la minores_fw-la and_o be_v the_o way_n as_o express_o describe_v in_o the_o law_n of_o st._n edward_n the_o confessor_n de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la ad_fw-la civitatem_fw-la de_fw-la burgis_fw-la ad_fw-la burgos_n ducentes_fw-la per_fw-la quos_fw-la mercata_fw-la vebuntur_fw-la &_o ceterus_fw-la negotia_fw-la fiunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n all_o misdemeanour_n commit_v in_o these_o fall_v under_o the_o cognizance_n of_o the_o earl_n or_o chief_a military_a governor_n of_o the_o county_n or_o of_o his_o vicecomes_a or_o sheriff_n 21._o it_o will_v also_o be_v expedient_a to_o inform_v the_o reader_n that_o both_o the_o majores_fw-la and_o minores_fw-la be_v sometime_o raise_v and_o sometime_o level_a with_o the_o ground_n 17._o ground_n nich._n bergier_n histoire_n des_fw-fr grands_fw-fr chemins_n de_fw-fr l'empire_n liv._o 2._o chapitre_fw-fr 17._o and_o sometime_o trench_v and_o the_o raise_v once_o sometime_o only_o of_o earth_n and_o sometime_o pave_v 7._o pave_v ibid._n chapitre_fw-fr 7._o especial_o in_o moist_a and_o boggy_a ground_n though_o it_o must_v also_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o we_o sometime_o find_v they_o pave_v where_o there_o be_v little_a need_n which_o i_o guess_v may_v be_v do_v to_o exercise_v the_o soldier_n and_o common_a people_n of_o the_o country_n least_o by_o lie_v idle_a they_o shall_v have_v grow_v mutinous_a and_o affect_v alteration_n in_o the_o state_n but_o where_o they_o be_v indeed_o lay_v through_o meers_o and_o low_a place_n and_o necessity_n compel_v they_o to_o raise_v and_o pave_v they_o we_o have_v the_o exact_a method_n of_o make_v they_o lay_v we_o down_o by_o statius_n domitian_n statius_n papin_n surc_n statii_n silvar_n lib._n 4._o in_o via_fw-la domitian_n hic_fw-la primus_fw-la labour_n inchoare_fw-la sulcos_fw-la et_fw-la rescindere_fw-la limit_n &_o alto_fw-mi egestu_fw-ge penitus_fw-la cavare_fw-la terras_fw-la mox_fw-la haustas_fw-la aliter_fw-la replere_fw-la fossas_fw-la et_fw-la summo_fw-la gremium_fw-la parare_fw-la dorso_fw-la ne_fw-la nutent_fw-la sola_fw-la ne_fw-la maligna_fw-la sedes_fw-la et_fw-la pressis_fw-la dubium_fw-la cubile_fw-la saxis_fw-la i_o e._n that_o they_o first_o lay_v out_o the_o bound_n than_o dig_v trench_n removing_z the_o false_a earth_n then_o fill_v they_o with_o sound_a earth_n and_o pave_v they_o with_o stone_n that_o they_o may_v not_o sink_v or_o otherwise_o fail_v 22._o of_o the_o four_o basilical_a consular_a or_o praetorian_a way_n or_o chemini_fw-la majores_fw-la i_o have_v meet_v with_o but_o one_o that_o pass_v through_o this_o county_n the_o discovery_n whereof_o yet_o i_o hope_v may_v prove_v acceptable_a because_o not_o describe_v before_o or_o its_o footstep_n any_o where_o note_v by_o sir_n h._n spelman_n mr._n camden_n or_o any_o other_o author_n that_o i_o have_v read_v or_o can_v hear_v of_o whereat_o indeed_o i_o can_v but_o very_o much_o wonder_n since_o it_o be_v call_v by_o its_o old_a name_n at_o very_a many_o place_n ikenild_v way_n to_o this_o very_a day_n some_o indeed_o call_v it_o icknil_n some_o acknil_n other_o hackney_n and_o some_o again_o hackington_n but_o all_o intend_v the_o very_a same_o way_n that_o stretch_v itself_o in_o this_o county_n from_o north-east_n to_o south-west_n come_v into_o it_o out_o of_o buck_n at_o the_o parish_n of_o chinner_n and_o go_v out_o again_o over_o the_o thames_n into_o berks_n at_o the_o parish_n of_o goreing_n lie_v within_o the_o county_n in_o manner_n and_o form_n and_o bear_v to_o 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tine_n at_o the_o main_a sea_n yet_o the_o learned_a mr._n dugdale_n 568._o dugdale_n antiquity_n of_o warwickeshire_n in_o barlickway_n hundred_o pag._n 568._o seem_v to_o favour_v this_o opinion_n in_o his_o description_n of_o ickle-street_n that_o pass_v through_o warwickeshire_n i_o suspend_v my_o judgement_n till_o i_o have_v see_v more_o of_o both_o 24._o among_o the_o many_o vicinal_a way_n or_o chemini_fw-la minores_fw-la we_o have_v but_o one_o neither_o here_o of_o all_o those_o mention_v by_o antoninus_n in_o his_o itinerary_n and_o that_o be_v part_n of_o the_o gual-hen_n which_o signify_v in_o british_a antiquum_fw-la vallum_n that_o go_v between_o pontes_n now_o colebrook_n and_o the_o old_a city_n caleva_n or_o rather_o as_o it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o ancient_a book_n gallena_n londinium_n gallena_n see_v burton_n be_v commentary_n on_o antoninus_n his_o itinerary_n itinere_fw-la 7._o à _fw-la regno_fw-la londinium_n to_o which_o our_o forefather_n add_v the_o word_n 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caesaris_fw-la commentarior_fw-la de_fw-fr bello_fw-la gallieo_fw-la lib._n 5._o it_o be_v much_o large_a than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n and_o have_v deep_a hole_n within_o i_o suppose_v to_o preserve_v water_n the_o small_a fortification_n under_o cornbury_n park-wall_n and_o the_o large_a one_o call_v beaumond_n near_o mixbury-church_n encompass_v with_o a_o ditch_n 170_o pace_n one_o way_n and_o 128_o the_o other_o i_o can_v give_v no_o account_n of_o they_o but_o that_o in_o general_a it_o be_v like_a they_o be_v work_n of_o the_o saxon_n these_o be_v all_o square_a though_o the_o last_o by_o its_o name_n shall_v indeed_o be_v norman_n 80._o and_o so_o again_o for_o the_o fortification_n common_o call_v roundcastle_n west_n of_o begbrook_n church_n but_o in_o the_o parish_n of_o bladen_n and_o lineham_n barrow_n between_o which_o and_o pudlycot_n a_o seat_n of_o the_o ancient_a family_n of_o the_o lacy_n there_o be_v a_o passage_n under_o ground_n down_o to_o the_o river_n i_o 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the_o five_o stone_n by_o themselves_o for_o his_o principal_a captain_n and_o the_o round_a for_o the_o mix_a multitude_n slay_v in_o the_o battle_n which_o be_v somewhat_o agreeable_a to_o the_o tradition_n concern_v they_o 86._o but_o if_o i_o may_v give_v my_o opinion_n what_o i_o real_o think_v of_o they_o though_o i_o do_v not_o doubt_n much_o but_o they_o must_v be_v a_o danish_a or_o norwegian_a monument_n i_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n allow_v the_o round_a or_o other_o stone_n to_o be_v sepulchral_v monument_n for_o have_v the_o cirque_fw-la of_o stone_n be_v any_o such_o memorial_n it_o will_v certain_o have_v have_v either_o a_o tumulus_fw-la in_o the_o middle_n like_o the_o monument_n near_o the_o way_n to_o birck_n in_o seland_n and_o of_o langbeen_n kiser_n not_o far_o from_o it_o 3._o it_o olai_n wormii_n mon._n danic_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o and_o another_o near_a roeschild_n 6._o roeschild_n idem_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 6._o or_o a_o stone_n altar_n as_o in_o the_o notable_a monument_n of_o harald_n hyldetand_v near_o leire_n in_o seland_n 5._o seland_n idem_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 5._o place_v there_o say_v wormius_n in_o another_o part_n of_o his_o book_n eo_fw-la sine_fw-la ut_fw-la ibidem_fw-la in_o memoriam_fw-la defuncti_fw-la quotannis_fw-la sacra_fw-la paragantur_fw-la that_o they_o may_v yearly_o offer_v sacrifice_n in_o memory_n of_o the_o defunct_a at_o the_o place_n of_o his_o inhumation_n but_o neither_o of_o these_o be_v within_o rollright_n cirque_fw-la nor_o can_v that_o curious_a and_o learned_a antiquary_n the_o worshipful_a ralph_n sheldon_n of_o beoly_n esq_n one_o of_o the_o noble_a promoter_n of_o this_o design_n who_o industrious_o dig_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o to_o see_v whether_o he_o can_v meet_v any_o symbol_n or_o mark_n either_o who_o may_v erect_v it_o or_o for_o what_o end_n or_o purpose_n find_v any_o such_o matter_n 87._o for_o the_o very_a same_o reason_n it_o be_v also_o as_o certain_a that_o it_o can_v 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customary_a for_o they_o to_o have_v so_o many_o cirques_n of_o stone_n as_o kingdom_n though_o in_o the_o same_o country_n thus_o as_o wormius_n testify_v there_o be_v three_o at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n one_o in_o seland_n another_o in_o schoneland_n and_o a_o three_o in_o the_o cimbrick_n territory_n because_o these_o be_v ancient_o three_o distinct_a principality_n and_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o as_o many_o king_n 12._o king_n ol._n wormii_n mon._n dan._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 12._o as_o it_o be_v certain_a england_n be_v also_o about_o this_o time_n 97._o and_o if_o this_o conjecture_n may_v be_v allow_v to_o take_v place_n we_o be_v supply_v also_o with_o a_o reason_n why_o we_o have_v no_o tumulus_fw-la in_fw-la or_o near_o this_o monument_n there_o be_v no_o king_n or_o eminent_a commander_n slay_v but_o only_o a_o conquest_n of_o the_o enemy_n in_o or_o near_o this_o place_n intimate_v by_o the_o five_o stone_n meet_v in_o a_o point_n at_o the_o 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title_n as_o pretend_v above_o §_o 93._o certain_o all_o the_o king_n of_o the_o danish_a race_n that_o reign_v after_o here_o in_o england_n will_v have_v be_v either_o crown_v here_o or_o at_o some_o other_o such_o forum_n whereas_o we_o have_v no_o such_o kongstolen_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cirque_fw-la and_o beside_o find_v canutus_n with_o great_a solemnity_n crown_v at_o london_n harold_n harefoot_n here_o at_o oxford_n not_o far_o from_o this_o cirque_fw-la and_o hardi-canute_n likewise_o at_o london_n 99_o to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v reply_v that_o though_o not_o place_v in_o the_o cirque_fw-la yet_o here_o be_v a_o kongstolen_a not_o far_o off_o which_o it_o be_v like_a be_v not_o necessary_a shall_v be_v set_v within_o it_o for_o i_o find_v the_o place_n where_o the_o new_a elect_a king_n stand_v and_o show_v himself_o to_o the_o people_n at_o the_o forum_n for_o this_o purpose_n at_o leire_n in_o seland_n to_o have_v be_v without_o the_o area_n as_o our_o kongstolen_a be_v area_n saxis_fw-la undique_fw-la cincta_fw-la coronationi_fw-la regum_fw-la deputata_fw-la vicinum_fw-la habet_fw-la collem_fw-la cvi_fw-la coronatus_n jam_fw-la insistebat_fw-la jura_fw-la populo_fw-la daturus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la conspiciendum_fw-la se_fw-la praebiturus_fw-la 5._o praebiturus_fw-la idem_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 5._o i._n e._n that_o the_o area_n encompass_v with_o stone_n design_v for_o the_o coronation_n of_o their_o king_n have_v a_o hill_n near_o it_o whence_o the_o new_a crown_a king_n give_v law_n and_o show_v himself_o to_o the_o people_n it_o seem_v indifferent_a from_o hence_o and_o another_o such_o like_a hillock_n call_v trollebarolhoy_n whereon_o the_o king_n also_o stand_v at_o the_o place_n of_o such_o election_n near_o lundie_n in_o scania_n 12._o scania_n idem_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 12._o whether_o he_o ascend_v a_o stone_n or_o mount_v of_o earth_n within_o or_o without_o the_o area_n so_o he_o thence_o may_v be_v see_v and_o hear_v by_o the_o people_n 100_o and_o to_o the_o second_o objection_n it_o may_v be_v reasonable_o answer_v that_o the_o dane_n by_o this_o time_n have_v get_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o such_o capital_a city_n as_o london_n and_o oxford_n be_v may_v well_o change_v the_o place_n of_o their_o coronation_n beside_o canutus_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v much_o great_a person_n and_o more_o civilise_a than_o rollo_n and_o his_o crew_n can_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v for_o beside_o that_o he_o live_v above_o a_o hundred_o year_n before_o they_o we_o find_v he_o though_o the_o son_n of_o a_o norwegian_a jorli_n or_o earl_n a_o great_a pirate_n at_o sea_n norwegicum_n sea_n vid._n chronicon_fw-la norwegicum_n and_o little_o better_a than_o a_o robber_n by_o land_n well_o may_v he_o therefore_o be_v content_v with_o this_o inauguration_n after_o the_o old_a barbarous_a fashion_n have_v gain_v no_o city_n wherein_o it_o may_v be_v do_v with_o great_a solemnity_n 101._o but_o as_o for_o the_o stone_n near_o the_o barrow_n at_o stanton-harcourt_a call_v the_o devil_n coit_n i_o shall_v take_v they_o to_o be_v appendix_n to_o that_o sepulchral_v monument_n but_o that_o they_o seem_v a_o little_a too_o far_o remove_v from_o it_o perhaps_o therefore_o the_o barrow_n may_v be_v cast_v up_o for_o some_o saxon_a and_o the_o stone_n for_o some_o britan_n slay_v hereabout_o aut_fw-la vice_fw-la versa_fw-la at_o what_o time_n the_o town_n of_o eignetham_n about_o a_o mile_n off_o as_o camden_n inform_v we_o be_v take_v from_o the_o britan_n by_o cuthwolf_n the_o saxon_a oxfordsh_fw-mi saxon_a vid._n camd._n britan._n in_o oxfordsh_fw-mi which_o be_v all_o i_o can_v find_v worthy_a notice_n concern_v they_o but_o that_o they_o be_v about_o eight_o foot_n high_a and_o near_o the_o base_a seven_o broad_a and_o that_o they_o seem_v not_o natural_a but_o make_v by_o art_n of_o a_o small_a kind_n of_o stone_n cement_v together_o whereof_o there_o be_v great_a number_n in_o the_o field_n hereabout_o which_o make_v thus_o much_o for_o the_o conjecture_n concern_v those_o at_o stone-heng_a that_o they_o may_v be_v artificial_a it_o be_v plain_a from_o these_o that_o they_o can_v and_o do_v do_v such_o thing_n in_o the_o ancient_a time_n 102._o there_o stand_v also_o a_o stone_n about_o half_a a_o mile_n south-west_n of_o enston_n church_n on_o a_o bank_n by_o the_o way-side_n between_o neat-enston_a and_o fulwell_n somewhat_o flat_a and_o taper_v upward_o from_o a_o broad_a bottom_n with_o other_o small_a one_o lie_v by_o it_o and_o another_o near_o the_o road_n betwixt_o burford_n and_o chippingnorton_a which_o i_o guess_v may_v be_v erect_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n with_o the_o two_o former_a as_o abovementioned_a unless_o we_o shall_v rather_o think_v both_o these_o and_o they_o to_o have_v be_v some_o of_o the_o god_n of_o the_o ancient_a britan_n as_o the_o reverend_n and_o learned_a dr._n stillingfleet_n think_v it_o not_o improbable_a those_o pyramidal_a stone_n mention_v by_o camden_n in_o yorkshire_n call_v the_o devil_n bolt_n ebor._n bolt_n idem_fw-la in_o com._n ebor._n sometime_o be_v and_o so_o likewise_o stone-heng_a in_o wiltshire_n which_o he_o judge_n neither_o to_o be_v a_o roman_a temple_n nor_o danish_a monument_n but_o rather_o somewhat_o belong_v to_o the_o idol_n markolis_n which_o buxtorf_n say_v the_o rabbin_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d domum_fw-la kolis_n markolis_fw-la kolis_n joh._n buxtorfii_fw-la lex_fw-la talmud_n in_o v._o markolis_fw-la of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o when_o i_o come_v into_o that_o county_n and_o into_o kent_n where_o of_o kits-coty-house_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o antiquity_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n 103._o that_o the_o britan_n long_a before_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o greek_n have_v sufficient_o i_o guess_v be_v make_v appear_v already_o §_o 66._o of_o this_o chapter_n and_o that_o long_a before_o that_o they_o be_v know_v to_o the_o phaenician_o and_o all_o the_o eastern_a country_n be_v plain_a out_o of_o strabo_n 1620._o strabo_n strabonis_n geographiae_fw-la lib._n 3._o pag._n 175._o edit_fw-la be_v casaub_n paris_n an._n 1620._o and_o bochartus_fw-la 39_o bochartus_fw-la sam._n bocharti_fw-la geog._n sacr._n part_n 2._o lib._n 1._o cap._n 39_o and_o by_o comparison_n of_o the_o learning_n and_o religion_n of_o the_o druid_n with_o those_o of_o the_o indian_a brahmin_n now_o that_o it_o be_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o all_o the_o greek_n to_o set_v up_o unpolished_a stone_n instead_o of_o image_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o god_n we_o have_v the_o testimony_n of_o pausanias_n in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sylburg_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pag._n 228._o edit_fw-la sylburg_n i_o e._n that_o unhewn_a stone_n among_o all_o the_o grecian_n have_v the_o honour_n of_o god_n instead_o of_o image_n more_o particular_o the_o same_o author_n assert_n that_o near_o the_o statue_n of_o mercury_n there_o be_v 30_o
a_o royal_a seat_n there_o as_o in_o all_o probability_n likewise_o at_o heddington_n near_o oxford_n for_o though_o tradition_n now_o go_v that_o it_o be_v but_o the_o nursery_n of_o the_o king_n child_n whereof_o there_o remain_v yet_o upon_o the_o place_n some_o sign_n of_o foundation_n in_o a_o field_n near_o the_o town_n call_v court-close_a yet_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o king_n aethelred_n do_v sometime_o at_o least_o reside_v there_o himself_o for_o he_o conclude_v a_o charter_n or_o some_o such_o like_a instrument_n wherein_o he_o grant_v privilege_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n frideswide_a here_o in_o oxon._n of_o his_o own_o restoration_n in_o english_a thus_o this_o privilege_n be_v idith_v at_o hedinton_n and_o after_o in_o latin_a scripta_fw-la fuit_fw-la haec_fw-la cedula_fw-la jussu_fw-la praefati_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o villa_n regius_fw-la quae_fw-la ......_o appellatur_fw-la die_fw-la octavarum_fw-la beati_fw-la andreae_n apostoli_fw-la his_fw-la consencientibus_fw-la p_o ......_o qui_fw-fr subtus_fw-la notati_fw-la videntur_fw-la ego_fw-la aethelredus_fw-la rex_fw-la hoc_fw-la privilegium_fw-la &c_n &c_n 〈…〉_o &c_n monasticon_fw-la anglican_n vol._n 1._o inter_v add_v 〈…〉_o 129._o beside_o these_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v several_a other_o seat_n within_o this_o county_n not_o to_o mention_v again_o that_o woodstock_n be_v one_o or_o that_o old_a alcester_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o alectus_fw-la such_o as_o beaumond_n just_a without_o the_o suburb_n of_o oxford_n the_o birth-place_n of_o the_o valiant_a king_n richard_n the_o first_o langley_n upon_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o forest_n of_o whichwood_n a_o seat_n as_o tradition_n have_v deliver_v it_o down_o to_o we_o of_o the_o unhappy_a king_n john_n who_o perhaps_o during_o the_o time_n of_o his_o residence_n here_o may_v indeed_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o bampton_n which_o also_o tradition_n inform_v we_o be_v of_o his_o foundation_n and_o ewelm_v build_v indeed_o by_o william_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pool_n duke_n of_o suffolk_n who_o marry_v alice_n the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o thomas_n chaucer_n have_v a_o fair_a estate_n hereabout_o but_o after_o upon_o the_o attaindure_n of_o john_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n and_z edmund_z his_o brother_n grandchild_n to_o the_o duke_n it_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n henr._n 7._o and_o be_v afterward_o make_v a_o honour_n by_o lay_v unto_o it_o the_o manor_n of_o wallengford_n and_o several_a other_o by_z king_n hen._n 8._o all_o which_o house_n be_v mark_v out_o in_o the_o map_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o small_a imperial_a crown_n place_v somewhere_o near_o they_o 130._o as_o all_o place_n that_o give_v title_n to_o ancient_a baron_n most_o of_o who_o family_n long_o since_o have_v be_v extinguish_v be_v mark_v with_o a_o coronet_n such_o be_v 1._o the_o barony_n by_o ancient_a tenure_n which_o be_v certain_a territory_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n who_o still_o reserve_v the_o tenure_n in_o chief_a to_o himself_o whereof_o the_o ancient_a in_o this_o county_n be_v those_o of_o oxford_n and_o st._n valeric_a the_o head_n of_o the_o latter_a be_v the_o town_n of_o hoke-norton_n oxon._n hoke-norton_n camd._n britan._n in_o com._n oxon._n both_o give_v by_o the_o conqueror_n to_o robert_n d'oyly_a who_o accompany_v he_o out_o of_o normandy_n p._n normandy_n monasticon_fw-la angl._n vol._n 2._o p._n 2._o the_o barony_n of_o arsic_a belong_v to_o manasser_n arsic_a who_o flourish_v an._n 1103._o 3_o hen._n 1._o the_o head_n of_o which_o barony_n be_v clog_n near_o witney_n summerton_n and_o hardwick_n in_o this_o county_n be_v other_o member_n of_o it_o 3._o the_o barony_n of_o hedindon_n now_o heddington_n give_v the_o 25_o of_o henr._n 2._o to_o thomas_n basset_n in_o fee-farm_n who_o son_n gilbert_n the_o founder_n of_o bisseter_n priory_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o richard_n the_o first_o be_v one_o of_o the_o baron_n that_o attend_v at_o the_o coronation_n and_o these_o be_v all_o the_o barony_n of_o ancient_a tenure_n that_o be_v heretofore_o in_o oxford-shire_n 131._o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o there_o be_v several_a other_o able_a man_n summon_v as_o baron_n to_o parliament_n that_o have_v not_o such_o land_n of_o ancient_a tenure_n as_o those_o above_o have_v which_o be_v therefore_o style_v baron_n by_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n the_o first_o of_o these_o in_o oxford-shire_n be_v william_n de_fw-fr huntercomb_n who_o seat_n still_o remain_v by_o the_o same_o name_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o tuffield_n who_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n by_o the_o king_n writ_n bear_v date_n the_o 23_o of_o edw._n 1._o the_o second_o i_o find_v be_v joh._n grace_n of_o rotherfield_n who_o ancestor_n be_v of_o a_o young_a house_n of_o walter_n grey_n archbishop_n of_o york_n have_v rotherfield_n give_v they_o beside_o many_o other_o possession_n by_o the_o say_a archbishop_n he_o be_v summon_v first_o to_o parliament_n the_o 25_o of_o edw._n 1._o 132._o and_o so_o be_v three_o his_o next_o neighbour_n ralph_n pipard_v of_o the_o other_o rotherfield_n in_o the_o same_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n their_o seat_n have_v now_o almost_o quite_o change_v their_o name_n for_o those_o of_o their_o owner_n one_o of_o they_o seldom_o be_v call_v otherwise_o than_o pipard_n or_o pepper_n and_o the_o other_o grays_n also_o fourthly_a john_n baron_fw-fr lovel_n of_o minster-lovel_n who_o ancestor_n though_o baron_n by_o tenure_n many_o year_n before_o as_o seize_v of_o the_o barony_n of_o castle-cary_n in_o somersetshire_n yet_o dispossess_v of_o that_o i_o know_v not_o by_o what_o mean_n receive_v summons_n to_o parliament_n while_o seat_v here_o at_o minster_n 25_o of_o edw._n 1._o 133._o the_o five_o of_o these_o baron_n be_v hen._n le_v tie_v who_o have_v a_o grant_n of_o sherbourn_n here_o in_o oxford-shire_n from_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n temp_n henr._n 3._o which_o sherbourn_n have_v former_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o barony_n of_o robert_n de_fw-fr druis_n be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n the_o 28_o of_o edw._n 1._o and_o so_o be_v sixthly_a john_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mare_n of_o garsington_n the_o very_a same_o year_n to_o which_o shall_v be_v add_v the_o baron_n by_o letter_n patent_n of_o creation_n so_o first_o make_v about_o the_o 11_o of_o rich._n 2._o but_o of_o these_o who_o barony_n be_v now_o vacant_a there_o be_v only_o seventhly_a the_o lord_n williams_n solemn_o create_v lord_n williams_n of_o thame_n the_o first_o of_o april_n 1_o mariae_fw-la who_o have_v also_o summon_v the_o same_o time_n to_o the_o parliament_n then_o sit_v but_o his_o patent_n it_o seem_v be_v never_o enroll_v 134._o for_o this_o account_n of_o these_o barony_n i_o acknowledge_v myself_o behold_v to_o that_o learned_a antiquary_n william_n dugdale_n esq_n norroy_n king_n at_o arm_n in_o who_o elaborate_a volume_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n the_o reader_n may_v receive_v more_o satisfaction_n concern_v they_o yet_o beside_o these_o as_o the_o people_n will_v have_v it_o the_o manor_n of_o wilcot_n be_v the_o head_n of_o a_o barony_n one_o of_o the_o baron_n whereof_o as_o tradition_n tell_v they_o lie_v bury_v under_o a_o fair_a monument_n in_o north-leigh_n church_n but_o the_o write_n of_o the_o present_a proprietor_n my_o worthy_a friend_n mr._n cary_n of_o woodstock_n who_o yet_o i_o find_v incline_v to_o believe_v some_o such_o thing_n be_v at_o london_n whereby_o otherwise_o it_o possible_o may_v have_v be_v prove_v and_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o people_n be_v too_o weak_a a_o evidence_n to_o build_v upon_o i_o have_v rather_o choose_v to_o forbear_v then_o add_v a_o coronet_n to_o the_o place_n 135._o beside_o the_o saxon_a and_o danish_a fortification_n abovementioned_a there_o be_v other_o here_o in_o oxford-shire_n of_o a_o late_a date_n either_o quite_o raze_v or_o in_o a_o manner_n useless_a and_o some_o of_o they_o too_o know_v but_o to_o few_o wherefore_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o give_v this_o short_a account_n of_o they_o to_o pass_v by_o therefore_o the_o castle_n of_o oxford_n so_o well_o know_v to_o be_v build_v by_o robert_n d'oyly_a who_o come_v in_o with_o the_o conqueror_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o bampton_n and_o banbury_n speak_v of_o before_o the_o first_o that_o present_v itself_o to_o my_o consideration_n be_v the_o old_a castle_n of_o deddington_n former_o dathington_n principio_fw-la dathington_n thomas_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr moor_n in_o hist_o aquavitae_fw-la &_o mortis_fw-la edu._n 2._o in_o principio_fw-la which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v ancient_a and_o the_o very_a place_n no_o question_n to_o which_o aymer_n the_o valence_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n bring_v piers_n de_fw-fr gaveston_n the_o great_a favourite_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o and_o there_o leave_v he_o to_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o lancaster_n warwick_z and_o hereford_n who_o carry_v he_o to_o warwick_n after_o some_o time_n
cause_v he_o to_o be_v behead_v in_o a_o place_n call_v blaklaw_n in_o their_o own_o presence_n ibidem_fw-la presence_n ibidem_fw-la 136._o second_o the_o castle_n of_o ardley_n the_o foundation_n whereof_o be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o little_a wood_n west_n of_o the_o town_n which_o if_o any_o heed_n may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o place_n flourish_v about_o the_o time_n of_o king_n stephen_n and_o so_o perhaps_o three_o may_v chippingnorton_a castle_n free_a leave_n be_v give_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n to_o all_o his_o subject_n to_o build_v they_o castle_n to_o defend_v he_o and_o they_o against_o maud_n the_o empress_n which_o at_o last_o find_v use_v sometime_o against_o himself_o he_o cause_v no_o less_o than_o eleven_o hundred_o of_o these_o new_a build_v castle_n to_o be_v raze_v again_o which_o no_o doubt_n be_v the_o cause_n we_o find_v no_o more_o of_o they_o but_o their_o bare_a foundation_n and_o trench_n 137._o but_o fourthly_a the_o castle_n of_o middleton_n now_o middleton-stony_a be_v none_o of_o these_o for_o i_o find_v richard_n de_fw-fr camvil_n have_v livery_n give_v he_o of_o middleton_n castle_n in_o oxford-shire_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v this_o the_o ten_o of_o king_n john_n as_o part_v of_o his_o own_o inheritance_n by_o descent_n from_o his_o father_n camvil_n father_n see_v mr._n dugdale_n baronage_n of_o england_n vol._n 1._o bar._n camvil_n and_o five_o as_o for_o the_o ruin_n of_o old_a fortification_n at_o craumersh_n or_o croamish_a giffard_n near_o wallengford_n i_o take_v they_o either_o for_o the_o foundation_n of_o that_o wooden_a tower_n erect_v by_o king_n stephen_n in_o the_o year_n 1139._o when_o he_o besiege_v maud_n the_o empress_n and_o her_o brother_n robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n in_o wallengford_n castle_n citato_fw-la castle_n chronica_fw-la gervasii_fw-la dorobornensis_n &_o floren._n wigorn._n in_o an._n citato_fw-la or_o else_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o craumerse_n 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