into the hands of such as Ferdinand had deputed The Garrisons also in Pontestura and Nizza were withdrawn all with great applause to the Court of Spain if further actings and the period of the calamity of Italy might have stopped here Concerning this restitution there had been drawn an hasty Writing betwixt the Prince and the Marquess Crivelli assisted therein for Savoy and Annibal Chieppio for Mantua in which mention was only made of the Consignation and not a word spoken of their reciprocal pretensions nor of the reparation of damages which Mantua required or an Act of pardon for those of Monferrat which Carlo desired Moreover besides having spoiled the Magazins of Arms Cannon and Victuals at his going out of Trin the Count de Verua protested that Carlo would sharply revenge whatsoever molestation should be offered to St. Giorge because he knew well that Ferdinand had an implacable hatred to him who afterwards proscribing him with others as Rebels caused his house to be razed to the ground Such roots not plucked up in time quickly begot jealousies and soon after hostility with new disasters nor indeed were all men in Italy pleased with such a Peace because it appeared that the Governour hastening the performance of the resolutions to put himself out of ingagement and to preserve the appearance had not sincerely separated himself from confidence with Carlo but as if they two had colluded together for some secret and unknown designs the Duke at the time the places were rendred re-inforced his Troops and the Governour armed Ferdinand standing exposed betwixt the artifices of the one and the power of the other was in great fear and thereupon the Venetians continued to him the payment of the 3000 Foot and strengthning themselves with 2000 others they sollicited passage and Levies in Switzerland Gregory Barberigo who was going Ambassador to the King of England staying some time at Zurich for that purpose The first disturbance to the quiet was the reparation of damages and the oblivion to Rebels For Ferdinand would not give way to the one and chose to keep the other on foot to oppose it to some of Carlo's pretensions Carlo on the other side publishes in discourse and in print that the Governour had promised him to restore the banished into the possession of favour and their Estates abolishing all mention of damages provided he consented to have the Infant Princess brought to Milan In effect the Governour pours forth threatnings and protests against Ferdinand if he should not acquiesce in his will and that with such vehemency that thence forward all the Princes being aware that under the pretext of a long Peace servitude was slipt in were offended at the terms of obedience and command in which he declared himself Monferrat was the chief sufferer both from the frequent Incursions of Carlo and the Quarters which the Spaniards under the title of protection kept there whence it was universally believed that the Governour of Milan had brought things to that pass that without Peace and without War he thought it the most probable way to get it for that Crown Other Princes made it their business to allay the disgusts and Castiglione particularly in the name of the Emperour admonishes the Marquess to use more complacency towards the Princes whereupon from threatnings turning himself to intreaties and friendly offices the effect was that Ferdinand induced thereto by the Councils of the Republick offers to refer all his rights to the Pope the Emperour and the King But Inoiosa not approving to admit Companions to his King neither in the preheminence nor in the business in place of an answer which was expected sends to Mantua Anthony Piementelli Governour of the light Horse to demand afresh the Princess The Order came from Spain and the Governour who had suggested it executed it with such urgency that it looked as if he had a mind to take her away by force Piementelli represents seriously to Ferdinand That the King himself took due care for the education of the Niece That she belonged to him not only by blood but by authority and interest and being advantaged by his alliance and affection she might be brought up in Milan as in her own house That the King was so far from trusting her unto Savoy that he had imposed upon him the respect due to the interests of Mantua The pledge of the quiet of Italy being placed in the Child it was in every respect fit she should be deposited into the hands of the King who even to jealousie professed himself her security and Guardian Of what was Ferdinand afraid if his Countries were so happily recovered under the Royal protection Can he possibly distrust that she who is near to them both may not be in safety and with a decorum under it Can he possibly fear that by such means the Child should be ravished from him by him who restores him to his State repairs his damages and protects the Family That he was to remember that the resentments and power of great Princes are not to be sweetned and appeased but by obedience The Duke was vexed at such discourses knowing Piementellis perswasions accompanied with authority and power and his own replies assisted only with reason and intreaties yet he defended his negatives with alledging the respect which he professed to the Emperour and Queen Regent of France who had seriously pressed upon him not to alienate the Niece and to justifie himself required time to send some Minister of his to Madrid But Piementelli being not at all satisfied therewith refuses to depart without the Princess when she falling sick and he being brought to see that she was not in a condition to be hazarded in a journey it served for a just excuse for his departure The Duke with all speed sends into Spain Scipione Pasquali Reserendarie and another Minister into France to represent his excuses to the one and sollicite the assistance and good offices of the other Court The Governor at the same time he sent Piementelli to Mantua not to shew partiality had dispatched Sanchio Luna Castellan of Milan to Turin to signifie to the Duke he must disarm Carlo foreseeing that his disagreeing with Ferdinand tended to make them both fall under the Dominion of Spain not being willing flatly to deny it carries himself with several pretexts and in particular that hearing there was a Rendez-vous of some French upon his Borders An. Dom. 1614 it belonged to him to be upon his guard and therefore desired that he might be permitted to levy some foreign Forces and for a greater pledge of his fidelity to the King and disposition to peace he desires some Spanish Regiments to quarter in Piedmont to the end he might be in readiness to march whithersoever need should require The Spanish Ministers observed well that his aims were either to draw in and at the same time set on the French or betwixt ill Quarters and bad accommodation to consume the flower of
of the same name is commodiously situate upon the Roer a little River but in the middle betwixt the Rhine and Mase doth not less cover Guelders on that side than opens the way which leads into the very heart of the United Provinces Maurice laboured exceedingly to put relief into it but at first waited upon by Spinola afterwards hindred by a strong Circumvallation at last drawn away by another body of men which from Brabant-side threatned Holland he was forced to see it rendred after some months resistance Upon the motion of these Armies the States sent to several Courts for succours and demanded of the Venetians those disbursements to which the League obliged and which being comprehended in the Article stipulated of Invasion were by the Republick accordingly paid unto them ANNO M.DC.XXII The Prince of Echemberg Favourite and chief Minister of the Emperour having in the end of the year past in the name of his Master espoused in Mantua Eleonora Gonzaga Sister of the Duke a Princess which over and above her Portion brought rare Beauty and singular Vertue the most convenient passage for the Bride lying through the Territory of the Venetians about Trent she was received and defrayed by Andrea Paruta General di Terra firma by order of the Senate with suitable Magnificence But at the same time the Count d'Ognate disputed in Vienna the Rank and Dignity with Pietro Gritti Ambassadour of the Republick denying him the same Treatment and Title which always formerly had been practised and although Ferdinand to whom Ognate in other respects had made himself sufficiently odious shewed his great dislike of it yet the Spaniard persisting in his conceit the Senate was necessitated to recal their Minister leaving at the Court Marco Anthonio Padavino Secretary till such time that by the alteration of affairs minds coming to change and be pacified they might as after a year or two happened send again an Ambassadour to reside there Amidst a heap of so many cross things it served for some kind of satisfaction that in Naples the Vice-King Cardinal Zappata restored at last the Gallies formerly taken with the Merchandize remaining undevoured by Ossuna nothing was spoken of the remainder nor more of the Ships because there having been much hurt done on either side the liquidation would have been difficult The Admiral Ship of Naples was alone as hath been said rendred by the Venetians Another molestation at Sea ceased about this time for Freletich famous for many rapines and villanies discharged out of the Spaniards service was entertained by the Grand Duke in Ligorn but being weary of quiet and hungring after pillage enters into the Adriatick to attempt in the Quarnaro wonted surprisals upon the Islands or Ships of Venetians but being taken by the Men of War paid at last with many of his Companions for his folly with his life Amidst foreign relations domestick examples and testimonies of the well regulated Discipline of the Common-wealth must not be omitted It is forbidden the Sons of the Dukes for important reasons which regard that temperance which is most necessary among Citizens during the life of the Father to accept Benefices of the Church It happened that the Pope conferred upon Mattheo Cardinal Priuli the Bishoprick of Bergamo and he mindful of enjoying the freedom of his Country and to uphold in his Father the chief Dignity of the Common-wealth refused it with great applause of his Fellow-Citizens and probably to the admiration of those who know no other Law but that of Ambition and Interest But amidst the moderation of such an example another above measure abominable pollutes the City For Anthonio Foscarini Cavalier and Senator was seen hanged upon the Gallows upon a calumny to have held a secret Correspondence with Strangers The fraud of some of the wickedest of men proposing to themselves rewards had conspired against the life of the most innocent and eminent Patricians for as much as the Government in turbulent times calling to mind past Treacheries and considering the present hatreds suspicions alone were easily disguised into crimes They addressed themselves to the Magistrate of the greatest Inquisitors of State and dividing the parts some of Accusers others of Witnesses they betrayed Justice and the Just But this infamous Conspiracy could not last long for the hainousness of the offence being discovered Girolamo Vano da Salo and Domenico da Venetia as the principal suffered just punishment Foscarini by a publick declaration of his innocency was restored if not to life at least to his good name and his family to their former lustre and from common compassion promoted to greater degrees of Honour And now returning to the successes of the French Armies whose motion was depending also upon those of Italy they proceeded against the Hugenots with some sort of prosperity for that Soubize being driven out of the Islands of Rochel the King in the mouth of the Chanel planted the Fort Louis which though it did not shut up the Town and Port did nevertheless incommodate and was afterward the foundation of that memorable Siege The small places of Guyenne and Languedock were all rendred being so much the more weak as they were more numerous whilst the Hugenot Party composed of many equal in authority no less than in interest instead of strengthening the vital and more noble parts applied themselves to the defence of obscure places which at the appearance of an Army or the first Volley of shot were obliged to yield But gaining the Chiefs of that Faction turned to a far greater damage La Force upon a secret promise to be created Mareshal of France abandons it and Chastillon pretending to be ill satisfied with Rohan retires himself Dediguieres declaring himself Catholick obtained by it the Charge of Constable which is the highest in the Armies whereupon by example and other benefits magnifying his own advantages he drew many that considered such notable rewards were not to be had from other than the King A Peace therefore with the Hugenots being procured by the Ambassadours of England and Venice to the end the King might apply himself to foreign occurrences was diverted the endeavours besides the allurements of present advantages of the Apostolick Nuntio who wholly opposed himself against it the artifice of the Ministers of Spain who craftily nourished the division and the judgment of the Prince of Conde who with great aversion to the belief in which he was born implacably sollicited the War prevailing But to the affairs of the Valteline the greatest stop was put by the inclination of Monsieur de Pisieux Secretary of State who succeeded to Luines in the favour shewing himself irresolute in business inconstant in his word and in all things a Minister of greater cunning than ability He professed great respect to the Spaniards and in the affairs of the Grisons published himself above measure solicitous to terminate them by Negotiation but particularly with ambitious designs and hopes imbarking in the pretensions of the
also perswaded Bethlem Gabor to be quiet for he proposing to himself either to make a short War or Peace having obtained the Turks consent by the means of the Count de la Tour who went to the Port for that purpose had invaded Hungary and Moravia But it being divulged that Tilly having the fame of so many Victories his fore-runners was coming to their relief he retired into his own Country and applies himself to new agreements He had also in this year sent Stephano Attuani his Minister of most trust to Venice to demand a League and assistance but without effect because the Senate purposed to be attentive observers of but not be intangled in foreign occurrences so far distant from them An. Dom. 1624 ANNO M.DC.XXIV But was so much the more watchful upon the Valteline experiencing now from the usurpation of the passages there the mischiefs foreseen whilst for recruiting their Army and increasing their strength in order to the fulfilling of the League and guard themselves against the jealousies which molested them on all sides they had no means to bring any Souldiers but by Sea with much length of time and charge The Pope to gain time proposed divers expedients and above all expressed that without re-imbursement of the charges he would not part with the trust but the Confederates offering that with all readiness provided he would put the Valley into their hands to be rendred when the Forts were razed and Religion restored to the first Owner he remained fearful to offend Spain and proposed that of the Valley should be formed a soveraign body to be united either to the Catholick Cantons of Helvetia or as a fourth League to the three of the Grisons But the Confederates proposing to themselves the end of restoring things to their former state judged they should be wanting to the protection promised to the Grisons and nevertheless feared lest the Valteline not being able to subsist of it self as a body apart should uphold it self by the Spaniards by which means taking away the cover of the name they should still enjoy predominancy over their minds the convenience and liberty of the passage to the exclusion of all others Nor could this chief interest be longer concealed because it being at last proposed in the name of the Pope that passage through the Valley should remain free for the Souldiery of the King of Spain it gave the Confederates occasion to conclude thereupon that the subtle pretext of Religion being now removed the Interest seemed discovered to tend to the subjecting no less of Italy than of Germany by the uniting of Countries and opening a door to over-run the one and the other at their pleasure The Pope nevertheless persisted in what had been proposed moderating the particular of passage by confining it to the Valteline excluding the Country of the Grisons and Chiavena and that to take away jealousie from Italy it should be understood only of passage from the Milanese for Germany and Flanders and not from them back thither and insisted upon it with so much urgency that taking upon him the part of an Arbitrator he pretended to a power to decree it by vertue of the consent the Princes had given that he should prescribe needful securities for the Catholick Religion affirming withal that to bridle the Protestants and Hollanders a sudden march of Spanish Troops was made necessary for the defence of the Low Countries and relief of the Empire but the others considered that a door once opened to the Spaniards limits and ways could no more be prescribed and that under the pretext of passage the Milanese being made a perpetual place of Arms jealousies troubles and apprehensions would be eternized in Italy Nevertheless the Ambassadour Sillery with the assistance of Gheffier who was at that time at Rome although he could not but know France more prejudiced than any others both by the blow which its Confederates would feel within and without Italy and the breach which would be made into that most ancient League with the Grisons by vertue whereof the absolute disposition of the Passes was ascribed to them readily consents to it to the so much dissatisfaction of the other Princes united that attributing all to Pisieux from whose Judgment and Pen by reason of the favour and his charge the business depended they resolved to discover the Plot to the King himself giving him to understand the alterations with which they had proceeded at Rome from what had been concerted at Paris setting at naught the Princes who were their friends neglecting the Interests of the Crown it self and having by a most destructive consent conducted the business to that very end which the Spanish Ministers directed Concerning Pisieux besides the hatred and envy which are the wonted followers of favour a common opinion was currant that he was not more powerful in the Kings favour than venal in his Ministry making use of his Authority rather for profit than honour Being therefore not at all acceptable besides to the great men of the Kingdom it proved no hard matter for the Ministers of the Princes and in particular Giovanni Pesari Ambassadour of the Venetians by their Offices and wonted Arts to help forward the secret Intrigues of Court which discovering themselves of a sudden his Fortune split in a moment the King intimating to him that he and the Chancellor his Father should presently leave the Court The Marquess de la Vieuville Superintendant of the Finances took quickly possession of the favour and in the little time he subsisted by the Marriage with England and other means laid the foundations of those contrivances perfected afterwards by his Successor with great felicity But the affections of the King towards Favourites having hitherto proved but short and unhappy he continued but a few months Some ascribed his fall to covetousness by which he provoked the hatred of the great ones accustomed to satisfie their private interests out of the publick Treasury Others judged that one ingratitude being commonly the punishment of another as he had lent his hand to the expulsion of Pisieux the Raiser of his Fortune so the Cardinal Richelieu introduced by him into business quickly excluded him This Cardinal is the person called elsewhere the Bishop of Lusson and there is no doubt that as for the most part in the choice of great Ministers the judgment of the Princes agree with those of their Subjects though soon after they differ in the maintaining of them he was not ordained for that place from applause or common consent but was brought into it chiefly by the savour of the Queen-Mother with whom he had been long exercised in all sorts of observance The King surely had no inclinations to him either for having in former Negotiations discovered the sagacity of his nature or because there is a certain natural secret aversion to those who with an ascendant of wit exceed Sure it is that the Cardinal possessed rather the power of the favour
much the more applause as to have got the day after he was little less than overcome so that Chance which in Battels usurps so great a share could not in this by the Victory upbraid the one with its favours or by the loss blemish the praise of the other At the price of such a days work not only the remainder of the conquered who straitned in Luther rendred at discretion but Northeim and all the Countries of Luneburg and Brunswick with many other Cities and places yielded consequences prosperous to Ferdinand spreading themselves into every part of the Empire Nor could it fall out at a time more unseasonable for the King of Denmark for that England and France ready to break betwixt themselves denied him the assistance he hoped for The States of Holland only who apprehended Tilli his old design of getting into Frizland by the way of Embden sent him some succours of men being able to do it with so much the greater convenience as that in this year besides the taking of Oldensel which was of no great moment they had stood either attentive on the Affairs of the Empire or only imployed themselves to hinder the cutting off a Chanel which the Spaniards attempted in vain to unite the Maze with the Rhine The King himself within a while took new vigour from six thousand Foot and a thousand Horse sent him by the Administrator of Hall and from Recruits of his own Subjects whereupon marching out of the Country of Holstein whither he was retired for refuge he was able to take Hoye though himself hurt there with a Musket-shot and his Son by a double stroke much more dangerously Taking his Quarters afterwards in the Bishoprick of Bremen Tilli also divided his throughout the Lower Saxony for a bridle and punishment of those refractory Provinces But the defeat at Luther had given its counter-blow in every other part To reduce the Upper Austria whose stirring carried great danger with it Ferdinand had invited Bavaria to signalize himself by the recovery of that Province once more to God and the Austrians But he wont above all men in all Negotiations to joyn together two things so contrary as are Religion and Interest offers to do it at his own charge provided nevertheless for his re-imbursement that the Country as a fresh pledge might remain in his hand Ferdinand doubtful if another Country should be offered him of recovering this and recompensing him was contented that he should only lend him some Souldiers with which joyning some Horse under the Command of Papenhaim the Peasants were forced to remove from Lintz and having their Quarters afterwards beaten up at Entz were at last wholly subdued with much blood and a mighty slaughter In Silesia Mansfelt had lost the opportunity of going forward by a Truce interposed by Gabor that he might joyn with him so that the Imperialists had him shut in betwixt two Rivers but when they thought to keep him so inclosed he gets loose from them by stealth and advances into the Mountains of Hungary where at last Gabors Brother joyns him with three thousand Horse and a little after a great Body of Turks with which he might have had the better of the Enemy by reason of the number of his Forces and the inclination of the people if the fame of the Victory of Luther had not been to Wallestain in place of a great supply For Gabor applying himself to new projects of Peace separates from Mansfelt and by his example the Turks retire so that the Count environed in the Mountains by the Imperialists without victuals without money and with Troops almost disbanded and consumed leaving order to the small reliques of his Army that they should endeavour to joyn with the Transilvanian slips away almost alone and by a desperate counsel getting into the Turkish Dominions proposes new Unions and Treaties to the Ottoman Ministers and takes his way towards Dalmatia so to get to Venice and from thence pass to those Princes which had formerly assisted him But being come to Vracoviz an obscure place in Bosnia near to the Confines of the Venetians wearied with cares and wants he dies ordering his Corps to be buried in the Territories belonging to the Republick And so Ernest Count of Mansfelt having sought for a glorious death amongst so many famous occasions was ignobly surprized by it there where he least expected to the end it might be said that Fortune had defrauded him both in his birth and death A man otherwise that without envy may be called Famous and be celebrated without blame for great An. Dom. 1627 in an Age wherein some are chosen from Heaven for Ministers of Divine Justice and publick Calamities He had the courage to provoke alone and by his own private Authority and Conduct the formidable power of the Austrians He was alone overcome in Battel but by his felicity of getting up again no less renowned than the Conquerours Superiour in Negotiations to the greatest Wits Bold in encountring dangers and highly subtil in winding himself out of them a Lover of disorders and novelties enduring hunger watchings and excess eloquent wise and vigilant prodigal of his own covetous of anothers lived amidst great hopes and designs and dyed without Lordships and without Treasure The Marquess of Dourlach thought by his example to be able to attempt Alsatia having raised some Troops in Basil by encouragement of the Protestant Switzers and some little money with which France and England secretly furnished him but not with an equal success for the greatness of the Austrians so firmly rooted with so many Victories being no more to be moved with little shocks the Marquess no sooner began to put himself in order but an Army of Ferdinands arriving in those parts ruined the design intimidated the Switzers and obliged those of Basil to discharge him He therefore passes into Denmark but had first sent to Venice the Colonel Niccolas Boet to communicate his intentions to the Republick and desired assistance at a time that the King of Denmark also by Joachim Cratz and the effectual interposition of the Ambassadours of England and Holland demanded money for the maintaining of five or six Regiments The Senate having fully deduced the obligation which the Republick had to the common Cause by what had been done in the course of many years in Italy shewed their sense in the importunity without engaging themselves further ANNO M.DC.XXVII Ferdinand now feared by many and respected by all kept under the Empire with an armed hand keeping his Armies dispersed in the Countries of the Electors and Princes that where any held up his head they were ready to suppress and chastise them Nor seemed the design longer concealed to reduce Christian Religion and the Authority of the Austrians to an Union in Germany The discourse now was to make the Empire successive Walestain in particular not dissembling his thoughts so to moderate the power of the Electors that like Grandees of Spain according to
and Obedience take their turns that we are equally capable to govern and to be governed that to the ambitious dignity of Command is associated the vertuous moderation of a private life and the most easie yoke of the Laws So that our Republick is ordered like the Heaven in which the Citizens in resemblance to the Stars have by office in the universal felicity influence and light but with various Situations divers Aspects and different Motions enjoying sometimes a fulness of light lending it often to others and then themselves suffering an Eclipse Ought we then to accuse the Divine Providence because it hath not distributed to all the same offices and stations Shall we then also in our Country where Ten make a supreme Council which by annual change give place to the merits of others stir our selves up to envy and anger because we all cannot be capable of it at once I dread to think that there is any that detests the rigour of Justice the severity of the Laws and the Authority of the Council of Ten. Let us in this case then suppose our selves guilty from our selves and to offend without punishment will we quite abolish Justice and Government it self Let us I pray turn these invectives against the offences let us abhor the Delinquents let us make Decrees against faults and on the contrary let us venerate that Ray of Divinity which though it strike the wicked with Thunder is a guide to the innocent I account the antiquity of such a Council always venerable and the Ages by which its Authority hath been established a Council chosen by our selves composed of our selves is the Maintainer of the Laws the Protection of Liberty and the Bridle of Subjects But what shall become of us and our Posterity if wanting the sacred refuge of our defence we shall think to offend without punishment and be audaciously despised What protects the Dignity of Persons and of Families the security of quiet and civil living the liberty it self of the Government but the Council of Ten alone which sharply punishing offences restrains with their Name and Authority the thoughts also of attempting them We by weakening it and exposing it to contempt think by it to diminish punishment and by it provoke injuries Do any perhaps under the pretext of regulating abuses go about to abase the Power of the Government A sad design which betrays to himself and his posterity the hopes of those rewards which the Country with considerable dignity largely imparts Let such go out from amongst us let them not be esteemed worthy to be Sons of so great a Common-wealth and he that would withdraw himself from the Laws and from punishments contriving rather to make himself a Criminal than aspiring to be a Judge like a Monster of Vice An. Dom. 1629 let him be separated from us and cut off In our Republick this is the just equality not to do and not to suffer wrongs Away with such conceits that those in Power ought to have a greater liberty and that punishments on Delinquents can be either too heavy or judgments too severe This is the bond of our quiet and the quiet of our Subjects Some Law givers have omitted to mention punishments for certain outragious faults believing that they could never happen in a well ordered Government Our Ancestors on the other side have been willing even in small matters to assign a more severe judgment to the end that not so much as the least offences should give encouragement of coming near to discompose the good order and integrity of the Common-wealth Happy the Country most happy the People and the Government to be admired which hath for its Foundation Law and for its Crown Liberty where those of the better sort excel in example where he finds more restraint that enjoys greater authority Fathers in point of Renown we have no cause to envy any of the ancient States or modern Soveraignties In the largeness of ovr Dominion we have wherewithal to content the moderation of our minds In the duration of liberty we surpass any Common-wealth whatsoever But the deliberation of this day is to overcome our selves therein we give comfort to our Subjects example to Strangers and occasion for a good Report Let the Venetian Nobility all in a body in the most majestical and authoritative of their Assemblies unanimously determine that if Empire and liberty at one and the same birth be acknowledged from God they willingly consecrate themselves to Justice and will govern the people with such moderation and sweetness that for the prevention of offences they make choice for their Court of Justice of the gravest for Laws the severest and for punishments the heaviest Upon these or like words delivered with gravity and received with great attention opinions and minds were so changed that many blushing that they had thought otherwise the Decree with a great number of Votes was willingly embraced and two days after followed the Election of Persons proposed for the new Council of Ten amongst which with great applause Nani was received and what had passed was registred in the publick Records with an honourable memory of his Name ANNO M.DC.XXIX Italy expecting succours from the Alps and by succours safety Lewis arrives there with thirty thousand men having left his Mother Regent at Paris But before the King moved Luigi Contarini the Ambassadour of Venice had gotten a promise from the King of England that he would not interrupt the enterprise and a while after the Peace was concluded which by the death of Buckingham the private passions of Favourities being extinguished consisted in few Articles To renew the ancient Treaties restore Commerce silence reciprocally pretensions about Reprisals prevent them for the future and perform the Conditions of the Marriage if any difficulty should intervene amicably to agree it Each King reserved himself the liberty to assist his Allies without breach of the Peace The Copies of the Treaty till the Ratification were deposited in the hands of the Ministers of the Republick who by the Mediation had gotten great reputation especially Contarini who within a while passed to the Embassy in Ordinary of France The King then freed from that distraction marches towards Italy having first sent to Mantua Monsieur de Landel to carry the News of it to the Duke at a time very seasonable when the Governour of Milan assaulted him with secret promises and Nassau pinched hard upon him who being gone against Mantua and requiring a positive declaration of obedience or resistance while the Duke fenced with general conceptions denounced to him War and Force To the noise hereof the effects afterwards following the Emperour orders to please the Spaniards greatly troubled at the march of the French that his Army should descend into Italy The Duke hereupon in trouble betwixt the hopes of succours and the fear of dangers equally near sending Pomar again to Venice sollicites together with the French Ministers the Republick to declare it self and
6. which would make l. 7. to him l. 30. restrain incursions p. 82. l. 24. this Post l. 34. governed the Lionese p. 84. l. 1. Court of France l. 45. the more streigthning Vercelli p. 85. l. 6. the Duke justly excused p. 87. l. 6. desires and intentions p. 89. l. 20. 21. This errour sprung from the enemy themselves because p. 91. l. 2. and not relieved by such l. 34. Coast even to Trieste p. 92. l. 4. towards Fiume p. 93. l. 4. 5. but afterwards in the attempt to enter it Bosco l. 23. in these Factions p. 95. l. 2. thirteen Frigats l. 17. Slaves and Presents p. 96. l. 9. they knew laid way for them p. 102. l. 22. contented by this one occasion l. 40. when there should p. 103. l. 33. Battery upon the Bastion of Saint p. 107. l. 17. all three Captains l. 31. a Bridge at Mainizza p. 109. l. 45. which wholly employ ibid. exempting those l. 46. of some slight p. 111. l. 13. being only called p. 115. l. 26. presages of p. 116. l. 39. the Emperour and Ferdinand p. 117. l. 40. him deposed p. 128. l. 23. sworn to God forbid l. 33. representation p. 129. l. 8. than force l. 21. waves p. 130. l. 15. the Bishop l. 25. of convenience p. 133. l. 40. the weal of p. 135. l. 19. conquer the City p. 138. l. 44. through the Milanese p. 140. l. 15. Donato then Ambassador Opinion p. 142. l. 23. 24. to the money of all without a League p. 143. l. 8. 9. the praise of liberality in imparting of their own Princes p. 144. l. 33. dangers insomuch that p. 147. l. 23. the elect p. 148. l. 7. being in disorder the Duke p. 153. l. 33. they would adhere p. 155. l. 40. He then turns p. 156. l. 18. amazement of the. p. 158. l. 21. and the Princes to their interest p. 162. l. 38. beginning by it and ibid. their friendship to it ready p. 163. l. 1. it might be delivered l. 10. in the time of the minority p. 164. l. 46. Fer a sollicites p. 168. l. 3. closely conjoined with l. 16. and continence l. 23. who making l. 24. by the sound of interest p. 172. l. 8. adding considerations and disaffections p. 175. l. 1. to be of so p. 180. l. 40. their parts p. 201. l. 30. calls to him l. 33. in the Wars p. 253. l. 29. to break up p. 256. l. 16. offered him for p. 257. l. 5. was evermore overcome p. 259. l. 8. least whilst p. 260. l. 46. Widow of Frederick p. 261. l. 13. would have been p. 266. l. 21. of the Publick p. 272. l. 15. no less perplexed p. 278. l. 4. we anticipate destruction l. 34. honour panting p. 287. l. 5. thirty four l. 16. together with her p. 289. l. 29. like dying men p. 290. l. 13. venerated by the French l. 43. to expect the issue p. 291. l. 16. a Prince born p. 292. l. 15. readiness it had p. 293. l. 1. to cause a restit to be made l. 9. Fridland was p. 296. l. 15. like Heaven in which all the. l. 34. which is the. p. 298. l. 9. gone again to Mantua p. 300. l. 10. for six years p. 303. l. 24. at least that p. 304. l. 7. consider and make use of them l. 25. the more jealousie ib. He shewed moreover l. 45. impatient p. 305. l. 21. but for a reserve p. 330. l. 33. which is a Nursery p. 339. l. 1 yield ye glory p. 344. l. 41. with Gallas p. 406 l. 9. metamorphose p. 411. l. 43. and Naumburg THE TABLE A. ADam of Trautmestorf General for the Archduke in Friuli 57. passes the Lizonso and is attacqued by the Venetians in his Quarter 73. retires 75. makes an Inroad into Istria 78. fortifies Rubia 92. is killed ibid. Augustino Nani Ambassadour to the Emperour 20. 139 Alba taken by the Savoyards 11. 99 Albert of Wallestain faithful to Ferdinand 134. defeats Mansfelt 254. made Duke of Fridtland takes Mechelburg 259. invades the Kingdom of Denmark 259. with great success 293. invested into the Dukedom of Mechelburg straightens Strassond 293. disswades the Emperour from disarming 347. lays down the Generalat 348. takes it up again 367. stops the King of Swede near Nuremberg 374. his designs 375. beaten at Lutzen 376. suspected by his actings 379. neglects the most important dangers of the Empire 388. required again to lay down the Generalat be endeavours to gain the Souldiery 389. in Counsel at Vienna resolved to ruine him 390. ibid. abandoned retires to Egra ibid. is killed 391. the Authors judgment of him 391 Albert the Archduke dyes 169 Alexander Cardinal Bichi sent by the Crown of France for the Peace of Italy 576. which is treated and concluded at Venice 571. Alexander Lodovisio Popes Nuntio for the Peace of Piedmont 66. created Pope 164. Look Gregory Alphonso de la Queva Ambassadour of Spain assures the Republick of his Kings intention for Peace 14. provokes the Senate by his instances concerning the interests of the Archduke 64. hated in Venice by the people 97. proposes a suspension of Arms 112. his artifice 221. parts without taking leave 123. Ali Grand Visier troublesom to the Republick 150. dyes 150 Almori Nani Bailo in Constantinople pacifies the complaints of the Turks for the loss of the Merchant Gallies 98 Ambrosio Spinola with the Spanish Army relieves the Emperour and disbands the Princes of the Vnion 152. 177. enters into the Palatinat 178. takes Juliers 179. besieges Berghen Opzoom 192. retires 193. besieges Breda 217. takes it 222. is appointed for the Government of Milan 311. his designs against Casal 315. besieges it 325. ill used by the Spaniards dyes 341 Amurath the Fourth succeeds into the Turkish Empire 195. how qualified 445. resolves the siege of Babylon 446. summons the Barbary Pirates to help defend the Sea 446. his cruelty 450. provoked against the Republick for taking the Barbery Gallies out of the Port of Vallona 451. besieges Babylon 453. takes it 454. answers disdainfully to the Republicks Letters 455. his several designs against Christendom ibid. his providing against the Republick ibid. demands insolent conditions of Peace from the Persians 456. retires from Babylon by reason of the plague ibid. returns towards Constantinople 466. falls sick 469. inclines to Peace with the Republick 467. and with the Persians 468. designing War towards Walachiza 469. dyes ibid. Andrea Freletich Head of the Uscocchi disturbs the execution of the Peace protected by Ossuna 116. infests the Gulph 146. is killed 180 Andrea Paruta fortifies in Lombardy the Confines of the Republick 148 Andrea Rosso Resident at Mantua 477. Angelo Contarini Ambassadour to the King of England 255. to the Pope 320. 477. to the Emperour 432 Angelo Corraro Ambassadour in France 440 Proveditor in the Modonese was sent into Tuscany 526. his opinions and actions in the Army of Tuscany 558. Proveditor in Campagnia 561 Anna the Empress dyes 130 Anna Maria Queen
resolve to defend themselves 230. lose many places and beaten in several encounters ibid. perplexed in their counsels 232. recover what lost 234. suspension of Arms with Savoy 252. troubled at a conspiracy discovered and at threatnings of the Spaniards and of Savoy 282. withdraw themselves from the predominancy of Spain 386 Girolomo Cavazza assists at the Treaty of Chierasco 350 Girolomo Marcello taken by the Uscocchi and released 19 Girolomo Soranzo Ambassadour to the Emperour concludes a peace with the Uscocchi 19 treats at Rome restitution of Goods taken by Ossuna 118. adjusts the manner of putting a Garrison into Casal 344 Girolomo Trivisano designed Ambassadour into Holland to swear the League 145. perswades the approving the Treaty of Monzon 245. Bailo at Constantinople 470 Giesuits not admitted by the Republick at the instance of the Pope and King of France 165 Giacomo King of England offers assistance to the Republick against the Turks 30. being a Lover of peace promotes it for Savoy 46 66 his failings and ends for the interests of Bohemia 136. promises assistance to the Republick 167. treats a Marriage for his Son with the Infanta ibid. assists his Son-in-law weakly 178 188. provoked against the Spaniards calls a Parliament and dissolves it without effect 207. dyes 220 Giaques Piere enters with an ill intent into the Service of the Republick 122. lays treacherous designs is put to death ibid. Giorgio Coranaro banished 292 Giorgio Giorgio Ambassadour in France 266 and to the King of Poland 378 Giorgio Justiniano Ambassadour insists for the execution of the Treaty about the Uscocchi 52 admitted to Audience by Ferdinand after the Peace 115. Bailo at Constantinople 150 Giovanni Baptista Grimani General in Dalmatia Giovanni Baptista Padavino treats for the Republick with the Switzers and Grisons 71 Giovanni Bembo Duke of Venice 59 Giovanni Casimir Prince of Poland Prisoner to the French not set at liberty at the instance of the Venetians but only by a Treaty made with that Crown 443 Giovanni Count of Nassau carries three thousand Hollanders to the service of the Republick 90. his differences with Medici 91. takes the Enemies Forts upon the Carlo 93. dyes 107 Giovanni Count of Nassau Commissary for the Emperour at Mantua 284. presses the Duke earnestly 284 298 Giovanni Count of Tilli defeats the Marquess of Baden 186. and Halverstadt 287 203. the Protestants 226. the King of Denmark 255. proceeds against that King 260. takes Magdenburg and destroys it 358. is beaten at Lipswich 359. dyes ibid. Giovanni Cornaro Duke 228. admonished by Renieri Zeno 296. dyes 319 Giorgio de Medici commands the Army of the Republick in Friuli 76. attempts to divert the Enemy 88 89. his differences with Nassau his maxims and retardings of progress 91 92 Giorgio Elector of Saxony assists the Emperour against the Palatine 153. joyns with the Swedes 358. possesses Bohemia 359. reconciles with the Emperour 411 Giacomo Pancirolo the Popes Nuntio for the peace betwixt the Emperour and Duke of Mantua 318 Giacomo Piscina Ambassadour of Savoy in Venice his offices done there 34 Giacomo Zane General of Dalmatia repulses those of Trieste 61. takes Scrisa 77. Captain General 96 Giorgio Justiniano Ambassadour in Spain 395 Giorgio Grimani Ambassadour to the Emperor 425 Giorgio Mendozza Governour of Milan confounded by the variety of the Duke of Savoy's projects 13. insinuates to him the rendition of what he had taken in Monferrat 14. the Dukes Confident 15. arms himself 16. marches against the said Duke 24. treats with rigour both the Dukes of Savoy and Mantua 27. demands the Princess Mary of Mantua 28. presses Savoy to disarm and makes War upon him 37. raises the Fort Sandoval 39. passes the Tanaro and then retires 43. demands assistance of the Princes of Italy 44. finds difficulty in the siege of Asti 47. accused in Spain but absolved by the King 59 Giorgio Nani disswades the League of the Republick with Holland 141. and the attacquing the Germans in their Posts about Mantua 329. Ambassadour to the Pope 457. exhorts him to endeavour peace betwixt the Christian Princes and procure assistance against the Turk 457. Plenipotentiary for the Treaty of peace with the Pope 568. signs it 592 Giorgio Paulo Gradenigo commands the Gallies of the Republick 296. Proveditor at Cattaro 452 Giorgio Pesari Ambassadour in Savoy 161. France 185. at Rome 364. endeavours to perswade the Senate to protect the Duke of Mantua 506. General in Terra firma possesses the Banks of the Po 542 545. defends the Polefene 560. appointed for the Treaty of Peace 425 Giovanni IV. proclaimed King of Portugal 490. treats with the French and the Hollanders 493. discovers treachery and punishes it ib. sollicites the Duke of Medina Sidonia to rebel 494 Giulio Mazarine negotiates with the Duke of Mantua 313. concludes a Truce in Piedmont 340. perswades the Duke of Savoy to leave Pignenol to France 351. preserves Casal with the adjustment concluded betwixt the Armies of France and Spain 344. most confident with France is chosen its Plenipotentiary for Treaties of Peace 459. made Cardinal 513. Heir of the Kings favour to Richelieu 539. after whose death laid low he raises again and exercises the chief Ministry about the Queen Regent 557 Giosep a Capucin insinuates to the Duke of Mantua an exchange of that Country with France 303. sent by Richelieu to the Treaty at Ratisbone 341 Goito possessed by the Germans 317. the Venetians practise to regain it 332 Gonsales di Cordua Governour of Milan sends Souldiers to the Confines of Mantua and of the Venetians 270. complains of the Duke of Rhetel 273. perswades the Council of Spain to the enterprise of Casal 275. his Forces increased by the Militia of the Genouese ibid. moves towards Casal and sends Paulo Rho to Venice 276 280. the Duke of Savoy exclaims and threatens the Genouese 283. fears the relief of Casal by the French 286. perplexed at the descent of the French into Italy 292. weakned before Casal ibid. retires 301 Goritia described 56 Gradisca its situation 56. besieged by the Venetians 62. assaulted without effect 63. straightens it more closely 88. several times relieved 107. suspension of Arms in order to the Peace concluded 112 Gregory XV. Pope sollicited by the Spaniards for the interest of the Valteline 164. receives the Ambassadours of Venice and seeks by them the restitution of the Jesuits in the Territories of the Republick 165. accepts the deposition of the Valteline 200. dyes 201 Grisons sought to for a League and passage for the Republick deny all 71. at discord among themselves 114. some rising in a tumult from new Tribunals 132. seek a League with the Republick 157. march against the Valteline with ill success 172. oppressed by the Arms of Leopold 173. deluded and divided by Treaties with Feria 182. take Arms again tumultuarily ibid. cozened by the Proposition of a Truce 183. surprised by the Archduke are assisted by the Confederates 216. surprised by the Imperial Army 309. France demands the
restitution of those Passes 311. drive the French out of the Valteline and agree with the Spaniards 428 Gustavus King of Swede succours Strassond 229 sends an Ambassadour to several Princes concerning the affairs of the Empire 306. enters Germany with an Army 348. makes progress 358. beats the Imperialists at Leipzich 359. sends an Ambassadour to Venice 360. his progress in the Empire and against Bavaria 367 373. incamps near Nuremberg 374. killed in the battel of Lutzen 377. his Character ibid. H. HEnry Count of Harcourt recovers the Isles of Ere 's 430. retires from Chieri 474. raises the siege of Casal 478. besieges Turin 479. takes it 483. his other conquests in Piedmont 501 Henry Count de la Tour head of the Bohemian Rebellion 128. besieges Vienna 135. retires ibid. ingaged in the Service of the Republick 215. passes into that of Denmark 258. defeated by Wallestain 379 Henry Count of Berg commands the Spanish Army in Flanders 307. revolts and attempts to form another party 372 I. ISle of Rhé attacqued by the English 263. relieved by the French 264 Isles of Ere 's taken by the Spaniards 411. recovered by the French 430 Istria hostillity in that Province betwixt the Venetians and Archiducalians 53. a description of the Province 55 Italy the heart of Europe left in peace by the Spaniards 2. attempt to greaten themselves 4. imbrace the opportunity 5. the inclinations and interests of its Princes ib. is disturbed by the death of the Duke of Mantua ib. L. LEague of the Princes of Italy thought unseasonable 25. that of the Republick with the Grisons opposed by the French 35. with the Switzers contested by the Spaniards 36. concluded with two Cantons 45. sworn to 131. with the Grisons hindred by the Ministers of France and Spain 45. with the Princes of the North offered but not accepted 57 League Catholick in Germany declares for the Emperour 138 League betwixt the Republick and Duke of Savoy 119. betwixt the Republick and Holland 141 League betwixt France the Republick and Savoy projected in Lyons 185. the Spaniards vexed at it ib. concluded 197. the divers ends of the Confederates 209. betwixt France and Holland 206. 397. betwixt France and Savoy against the Genouese 214. betwixt Spain and Savoy to divide Monferrat 275. betwixt France the Republick and Mantua 300. betwixt France and the Republick to recover the passes of the Grisons but not executed 310. betwixt France and Swede 357. 380. 412. 424 League betwixt France Savoy Mantua and Parma 402. betwixt France and the Dutchess of Savoy 435 League proposed betwixt the Pope and the Republick treated and broken off 479. betwixt the Republick the great Duke and the Duke of Modena for defence 520. is treated also for offence 543. concluded 544 Leganes Governour of Milan takes Brem and Vercelli 437 438. besieges Casal and is beaten 478. Leucata besieged by the Spaniards and relieved with their defeat 431 Leopoldo Archduke dyes 378 Leopold Guglielmo Archduke provided with Church goods 260. commands the Imperial Armies 471 Lodowick XIII King of France jealous of the authority of the Mareshal d' Ancre 101. causes him to be killed ib. gives himself in prey to Luines ib. applies to the affairs of Italy 102. but quickly grows cold 103. presses the Spaniards to restore Vercelli 120. interposes in the affairs of Bohemia 151 152. restores Religion in Bern 122. applies to the affairs of the Valteline 163 184 206. makes War to the Huguenots and then Peace 176. cares not to succour Breda 220. disgusted with the King of England 221 255. procures his Confederates to approve the Treaty of Monzon 253. disorders in his Kingdom for the Marriage of his Brother 248. goes into Britany 250. for the succession of Nevers to the State of Mantua trys the way of Negotiation 268 272. having taken Rochel enters into it 289. opinions in Council concerning the relief of Mantua differ 290. resolves to go into Italy 291. comes to the foot of the Alps 298. forces the passage 301. returns into Languedoc against the Huguenots 304. and afterwards to Paris 309. quiets domestick divisions 310. sends the Cardinal into Italy 315. reconciles with his Brother enters into Savoy and comes back to Lions 306. sends Ambassadours to the Diet at Ratisbone 341. promises money to the King of Swede ibid. falls sick at Lions 343. pursues his Brother 361 362. his Arms in Germany 366. and in Lorrain 370. assists the Swedes 380. gets Philipsburg 394. invaded by the Austrians in his own Kingdom 422. speaks with his Sister at Grenoble 473. is sensible of the too great power of the Cardinal 496. forces the Princes male-contents to an accord 497. goes to the Siege of Perpignan 532. disgusted with Richelieu 536. who dying disposes of the Government in the power of the Favourites 439. dyes his Character 552 Lodowick XIV his Birth 444 Lorenzo Marcello Captain of the Galliasses hurt at Vallona 447. elected Censor 449 Lorenzo Veniero General in Dalmatia 55. takes Novi 53. animates the people of Istria and attempts Moschenizza ibid. Captain of the Ships defies those of Ossuna 95. Captain General 98 Lovain assieged by the French who there consume their Army 398 Lewis Contarini Ambassador in England 266. concludes Peace betwixt Crown and France 296. Ambassadour in France ibid. at Rome 366. Bailo at Constantinople justifies what happened at Vallona 450. arrested Prisoner 451. adjusts those differences 467. Ambassadour at the Meeting for Peace 558. obtains Levies for the Republick in Tirol 568 Luines stirs up Lewis XIII against the Mareshal d'Ancre 101. succeeds him in the favour 102. his designs against the Huguenots 175. made Constable dyes 176 M. MAgdenburg taken and ruined by the Imperialists 358 Mantua described 314. garrisoned and fortified by the Republick 315. besieged by the Germans ibid. relieved by the Republick 317 318. the Germans draw further off 318. is re-inforced by the Venetians 321 334. is betrayed 335. and sacked 336. restored to the Duke garrisoned by the Republick 354. reinforce it 440 Marco Anthonio Businello Resident for the Republick in Mantua Prisoner to the Germans and released 337 Marco Anthonio Corraro Ambassadour to the King of England 255 Marco Anthonio Manzano counsels the Siege of Goritia 56 Marco Anthonio Memo Doge dyes 59 Marco Anthonio Padavino Resident in Naples 338 Marco Giustiniano coasts upon the Army of the Germans and encamps at Sonato 334. attempts Caneto and the relief of Mantua 334. General in Terra Firma Marco Loredano General in Istria 55 Margaret Dutchess of Lorain pretends to the succession of Mantua 274 Margaret Infanta of Savoy wife of Francisco D. of Mantua 5. being a widow pretends to be with child 6. retires to her Father 9. returns to Mantua to her daughter 355. the French drive her thence 596. Vice Queen of Portugal is driven away by the rebellion of the people 491 Maria Princess of Mantua desired by the Duke of Savoy and Spaniards to be in their power 7. Ferdinand her Vncle refuses to
plausible pretext to hinder the Marriages with Spain as if the Maxims and Interests of that Crown would thereby be introduced into the Government of France The more secret motive nevertheless arose from the Interest of some who proposed to make their profit in that Crisis which the King being near going out of his Minority gave hopes to afford private advantages and the hatred and envy of all concurred against Concino Concini called the Mareshal d' Ancre who brought by the Regent out of Italy was from mean Parentage by her great favour advanced to the chiefest place of Government Carlo who from France expected jealousies rather than succours was not ill pleased to see that disturbance and the mind of the Regent distracted He entertains therefore a Confidence with the discontented and they sending the Seignor d'Vrfu to Turin insinuate with several Propositions that setting aside the Arbitrage of the Crowns the differences betwixt the two Houses of Savoy and Mantua might be referred to the Duke of Nevers their common Parent But that business however neglected by France was not so easily to be taken out of the hands of Spain which held it fast by so many bonds of Authority and Power The stirs now in France quickly vanished and a Conference held at Soissons quiets all with the promise in appearance of the Regent to defer the consummation of the Marriages till the States of the Kingdom were called And for this the united Princes conceived great merit to themselves participating by the means of the said Seignor d'Vrfu the agreement to the Venetians and inviting them to cooperate that the accomplishment which would be troublesom to the Nation and formidable to all might be wholly disappointed The more secret conditions notwithstanding consisted in private advantages for to Conde was given the Castle of Amboise to Nevers St. Menehoud and to all in general great recompences fruits accustomed in France to be reaped from that which elsewhere was punished by the Hangman In Milan the suspicion of the Mediation of France disappearing and the Treaty re-assumed the Savoyards and Mantuans joyned issue for a meeting in the presence of the Governour to mediate the Peace of Italy Castiglione wearied himself with many Expedients and because Carlo as the recompence of his rights proposed that some part of Monferrat and namely the Canavese might be yielded to him he insinuates the Marriage of Margaret with Ferdinand and of his Sister Eleonora with the Prince Vittorio giving to the Savoyards certain Lands near unto Turin of about the value of 5000 Crowns yearly Revenue But all was turned topsie-turvy by the Governours insisting that Carlo should disarm intimating that without more ado he should perform it within six days On the other side Carlo undauntedly denies it and knowing himself in the necessity to provide himself of Friends fixed his eye upon the Venetians whose Correspondence always heretofore having been improved by him with all sorts of offices had had effects considerable and honourable for Italy but at present had been interrupted by his transport of anger for the assistances of the Republick to Ferdinand for which the Ambassadour Gussoni was discharged and although by means of Hippolito Cardinal Aldobrandin he had endeavoured to renew it again nevertheless in the Senate which always maintains the point of its dignity he had found a deaf ear to whatever he had proposed But now pricked forward by the urgency of more resolute reflections he sends to Venice Giovani Jacomo Piscina a Senator of much wit and voluble eloquence who was received by Dudly Carleton Ambassadour of England That King shewed himself beyond measure partial for the Duke by improving with such a friendship that rest of authority which he had a mind to assume in the Affairs of Italy and therefore the Ambassadour laboured exceedingly that he might be introduced remonstrating to the Senate that to the testimonies of ancient respect the Duke added at present one more apparent than possibly could be desired by sending an Ambassador express who should soon be followed with a Leiger to cast himself into the arms of the Republick and to open his heart to them hear their judgment and imbrace their counsels He interposed the intreaties of the King and passing to more serious apprehensions of the present Conjuncture he considered that the affections of Princes except in things belonging to Religion and Justice did adjust themselves according to Interest and Time the Punctilioes and Formalities rather befitting private men ought not to divert Princes from the substance of more weighty affairs He moved them to reflect that if the Italians disunite all would sink under the burden but joyned together would with impunity despise Foreign powers He pressed upon the Conjuncture and necessity of the times whereupon at last after some difficulty Piscina was admitted into the Colledge to open to them all that had passed betwixt the Duke and the Spaniards He insisted much upon the violences which they presumed to offer him deplored the condition of the Italian Princes added the consequences of the example no less than the motives of the common Interest despaired through the pride of the Governour of Milan Castiglione being weary of proposing Expedients and Ferdinand having called back his Deputies to Mantua of a good end of any Treaty He therefore stirs up the Senate to reflections and remedies how to uphold the Dignity of Italy which if it reverenced that Assembly as the Tutelar Deity of its Liberty Carlo as eldest Son of the Republick desired to have it for his Director and Father The Venetians consoled the Duke and assured him of their affection and good offices and exhorting him to an agreement with Ferdinand and to Peace that neither of them should omit any thing to render that respect to Spain which in the disproportion of their Forces might be compatible with the Dignity of a Free Prince They at the same time earnestly pursue in all the Courts their sense and desire of Peace moving some to be Mediators intreating others to facilitate the rejoyning of the Treaties in Spain particularly and in Milan not missing to represent the dangers of the War and the calamities But Inoiosa shews himself rather provoked than satisfied with Piscina's journey to Venice whereupon the Republick grounding their own jealousies upon those of his the aspect of affairs continued to look more and more troubled And she in consequence to arm her self substituting Antonio Lando Procurator di St. Marco into the Generalat to Priuli committed the Levy of 2000 Foot to the Prince Lewis d'Este newly entred into their Service Of the Switzers she procured as hath been said passage and Levies but neither being to be obtained without a League the Ambassadour Barbarigo applies himself to the management of it remaining some time for that purpose among the Grisons a people no less gross by nature as they are rough by situation but with them he found no disposition to renew that which being
admitted either from his inability or kindred he having a Daughter of Carlo's for his Daughter-in-law Those of Luca gave liberty to the Spaniards to make Levies in their State and the Genouese were exempted from their assistance by the necessity of being vigilant for their own safety round about them and by their known aversion to the Savoyards Besides all this many private men of the richest having their private interests dis-joyned from the publick furnished the King upon several conditions with some millions So did Italy study to overcome it self by it self The Venetians who in the long Peace had for the honour and safety of the one and the others Fortune gathered together a great Treasure had now in pay 12000 Italian Foot divided into four Bodies the Commanders of which were Camillo Cauriolo Giovanni Baptista Martinengo Giacomo Giusti and Antonio Savorgniano Giovanni Baptista General of the Infantry being dead in a decrepit age they received into their service Pompeo Justiniani a Genouese who had made himself a name in the War of Flanders To visit the places and particularly Peschiera to the end the Fortifications might be reformed to the use of modern defence they sent three Senators Giovanni Garzoni Nicholo Contarini Benedetto Tagliapietra who joyning with Lando General and Girolamo Cornaro chief Commissary upon hearing the opinions of the Chief of the Army should resolve upon that which was judged fit Hereupon they resolved to levy 3000 Foot more desiring they might be strangers in regard Italy degenerating by idleness hath with liberty lost military vertue Order was given to the Ambassadour Barbarigo to conclude a League with the two Cantons Zurich and Bern which consisted in promises from the Republick to assist them with a sum of money if they should be invaded and for the Cantons to permit the Levy of 4000 Foot of their Nation whenever they should have occasion in consideration whereof it was agreed that the two Cities should each receive a yearly pension of 5000 Ducats conformable to the custom of the greater Potentates from whom the Helvetians extract gold with their Valour and their Swords The League notwithstanding was not yet published because to assure the passages in the Grisons Country it was agreed that Barbarigo should go thither with the Ambassadours of the two associated Cities That people who of their government make a mystery also of trade and gain unmindful of the benefits received from the Common-wealth of their own liberty and of their obligation to open the passage to the Cantons suffered themselves to be seduced by the Ministers of France and Spain to deny it Both the Crowns agreed therein to the admiration of many because if it served the Spaniards turn for the subjecting of Italy to shut up every passage whence it might have relief it did as much disserve France who by frustrating the union of the Republick with the Grisons helping to introduce the Spaniards there it was clearly evident that they prevailing in cunning power and money would quickly exclude the French themselves Barbarigo could not overcome the opposition therefore going on to his Ambassie for London leaves in Zurich Christofero Suriano Secretary resident in Helvetia In the beginning of this year the Governour of Milan appeared at the head of a flourishing Army of 30000 men The Savoyard had not above 17000 but if in the one the valour of the General was wanting in the other the courage of the Duke supplied it The Prince of Castiglione by order of Matthias who complained that he had been left out in the project of Peace and that the judgment of the Dukes pretensions were deferred to others sends to Carlo the intimation of the Imperial Ban. He imprisoning him that secretly put it into his hands amongst other papers appeals with many protestations of obedience to the Emperour himself who without much ado at the intercession of the Dukes of Saxony from whom the House of Savoy boasts its Original le ts all things fall into silence and oblivion The Duke himself by means of the Venetians renews the project heretofore set on foot by Castiglione of the reciprocal Marriages of Margaret and Eleonora with Ferdinand and Vittorio with equal Dowries and with a certain Parcel of Monferrat which might regulate the Borders but it behoving Ferdinand to depend too much upon the Spaniards it served for nothing but to give time to Carlo the better to justifie himself and inveigh in discourse by endeavours and in print against the Government of Spain For this purpose served wonderfully certain Dispatches directed from Madrid to Inoiosa which falling into the hands of Carlo gave him means to publish the Orders they contained to invade Piedmont without delay before the friends of Carlo and those that emulated the Crown could be ready to relieve it Upon this Intelligence Carlo sollicites those far off and stirs up those that were near But many believing that a bridle was more necessary than spurs to his fiery spirit in place of assistance counselled him to incline to Peace James King of England hiding the intern weakness of his Kingdom under a great Cloak of Authority and honouring his own quiet with the name of Studies and Learning contributes nothing but his good offices commending him to the Venetians as a Prince animated with the ancient Genius Valour and Lustre of Italy and for a better appearance orders his Ambassadour at Venice to go and reside in Piedmont The Hollanders forbid the Levies to the Count of Nassau which Carlo desired and in France some paid the penalty of having transgressed the Kings Orders by going to serve him Carlo to justifie himself in that which was imputed to him viz. that too immoderately he desired War calling one day the Ministers of Princes then with him desires their advice to what conditions they would counsel him to condescend protesting that bating Dignity which was the Pupil of Principality he was willing to any thing The Ambassadours of England and Venice applauding greatly his understanding of things carried it to the Governour but he finding himself not yet authorized nothing could be done but to expect the resolutions from Spain whither the Senate with serious Letters to the King himself ceased not to exhort earnestly to Peace At last the Spanish Ministers explain themselves That at the intercession of so many Princes the King did graciously oversee all that humiliation which he might pretend from the Duke but did require for the publick Peace his disarming no less than the adjustment of the differences with Ferdinand Upon which they declared themselves more fully to Monsieur de Sillery That it was to be understood that Carlo retaining convenient Garrisons should disband his Army and the Emperour should be Judge of their pretensions of Monferrat in the mean time Hostility and offences ceasing the places possessed with the Prisoners should be restored They promise moreover so to dispose of their Army that no Prince of Italy shall have cause to be jealous of it
keeping himself more close runs forth a line notwithstanding as if he would attacque the enemies Camp and at last lays a Fort under their nose notwithstanding many Skirmishes and other Feats of War The Spaniards as the more provoked and insulted breaking ground run a line with many Works towards the Fort but the Savoyards having taken and fortified another Post of certain houses in the middle turned another way With Fire-batteries but afar off they play upon the City and the Dukes Camp who with 1800 men assaults the Quarter of Gambaloina burning their Parapet of Gabions but were at last repulsed The Governour with his slackness made War to himself and found the greatest to arise from the Situation and the Elements Upon the Hills they suffered for want of water and the filth of the Army causing sickness men and beasts dyed Lodging in the open Air the heat the nourishment the unripe fruits corrupted health The Camp was not to be distinguished from an Hospital or a Church-yard so great was the number of the sick and dead From whence although the Army was re-inforced with the Troops left at Sandoval and others come to them by Sea it was nevertheless not half so strong as when it sate down before Asti Carlo as to his Quarters had greater commodity but in other things was in no less difficulty because his own Country being not able to supply the charges he had so frequent experience of Mutinies among the stranger Militia for want of pay that oftentimes he could not distinguish whether they were a greater burden or assistance to him In this state of affairs Rambogliet arrives at Asti and the Spanish Cannon in honour of the Mediation suspended their Battery But the Duke even in this precipice of Fortune practising the arts of wit interposed always the difficulties of requiring honour and safety Zeno and the Ambassadour of England failed not to beset the Duke with many reasons and he acknowledged his happiness lay in peace but added that as Fortune obliged him to yield to the more powerful so to expose himself to dangers to obedience and humiliation were not the counsel of prudence nor permitted by his Fortune He insisted upon the Governours disarming or that the Republick might be the Warranty of the Peace knowing in it to be stability of Government and a faith not subject as in the Pope and in France to the vicissitude of time the mutation of Princes and the corruption of Ministers The Senate seriously weighed of what importance that was because great Princes not being to be constrained to performance but by the same faith with which they promise if the Spaniards should profane theirs by reason of interest the Republick put it self into great trouble Nevertheless the desire of Peace prevailing they command Zeno to sign and over and above to promise assistance to the Duke when others failing France alone should concur in it Such orders arrive very opportunely in Piedmont because Rambogliet having a little before pressed the Duke in vain with threatnings and protests to consent to the Peace without any such caution was ready to take his leave commanding those of the Nation to follow him and with much ado had yielded to a short suspension of his journey at the instance of the Ambassadours of England and Venice But Zeno giving his word the Duke who had dextrously directed his counsels to such an end threatned by one party secured by another and intreated by all under-writes the Treaty which took its name from Asti Carleton and Zeno deliver it to Rambogliet he and the Bishop of Savona the Nuntio succeeded to Savelli carried it to the Governour of Milan and being greedily received by him he confirms it with a Writing which he put into the hands of the French The Capitulation for disarming contained that the Duke except some Companies of Switzers should within a month disband the Strangers and of his Subjects should only keep on foot so many as sufficed for Garrisons He gave his word not to offend the States of Mantua and to refer his pretensions to the judgment of the Emperour On the other side Rambogliet promises for France that the Subjects of Ferdinand which had served Carlo should with the security of their persons be restored to the enjoyment of their estates Prisoners and places to be reciprocally rendred And for the Dukes security France declares him to be in their protection to assist him with all their power whensoever he should be molested by the Spaniards and Orders were consigned to him to oblige Dighieres to march to his assistance without expecting other Commission from the Court. And because it was known that some Levies were making by private persons out of Italy in favour of Carlo he was obliged to communicate the peace to his friends and stop all proceedings and on the other side it was agreed that for six months the Spaniards should not require of him passage for Flanders But concerning the manner of retiring it was also agreed that the Duke at the intreaty of Rambogliet withdrawing 1000 Foot out of Asti the Governour should retire from the Hills to Croce bianca and to Quarto places belonging to the Jurisdiction of Asti after which Carlo leaving a convenient Garrison in the Town should remove his Army further off and then the Governour should return into the Milanese where as to number and time he should so dispose of the Army that neither to Savoy or any other there should remain any occasion of suspicion In this manner the Duke seemed to have preserved his dignity and indemnity and Italy applauded him and most especially the Venetians who with their Council had maintained the Common Interest By the Expedition with which these first steps were accomplished great hope was conceived that all the rest would have been duely executed whereupon the Venetians reform a great part of their Militia and reduced the payment of Casal to 1000 Souldiers giving passage to the Duke of Mantua for 500 Germans which as an independent Militia he thought fit to bring in there THE HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICK OF VENICE An. Dom. 1615 THE SECOND BOOK THE stormy blasts of Piedmont quieted by the pacification of Asti a continued dissembled connivence of the Princes of Austria at the uncontroulable boldness of the Vscocchi amassed in the minds of the Venetians a great heap of resentments and revenge Some believed that the suffering and permission of the villanies of that most wicked people proceeded from the want of power in the Austrians because it being necessary for keeping them in order to maintain a Garrison in Segna the Archduke had not the means to defray the Charge Others judged that it was interest and profit to keep that Frontier of the Turks armed without charge and besides to exercise a certain pretended Jurisdiction though a thieving one by Sea Neither did there want that thought that the Archduke was incouraged by the Spaniards because having discovered by what had passed
can the Duke abandon Vs if he be abandoned of all Amongst Princes there is no stronger tye than that which adjusts a conformity of Interests They are the heart-veins which meet in the liberty of the one and the safety of the other Both in a word are threatned and despised and may at last be insnared and oppressed The assistance of the Republick is necessary for Carlo and a diversion by him is necessary for the Republick if by Arms or Treaty we pretend to bring the Archduke to reason and quiet we must give that fatal Remora of the Forces of Spain imployment elsewhere I imagine the charge will be objected but for what imployment have our Ancestors left us a rich Treasure but to be serviceable at need to maintain honour and make good the greatest and most unlooked for emergencies Do you think our servitude will be less grievous when we shall be bound with our unimployed Treasure and bound with the chains of our own gold It is much better to fear than make tryal of the Spanish Forces and if we fear them let us dispose of a defence far from us The rule of just is of equal extent amongst Princes If Philip give his most vigorous assistance to the Archduke why should we offend in giving ours to Carlo To Carlo with whom interest combines us and faith given requires it After the promise given deliberation and counsel are no more in our own power Let us look out Examples of old and revolve the Memorials of fresher date we shall not find that the worm of a promise falsified hath ever corroded the integrity of publick faith And that for this reason because this bond of things divine and humane cannot be loosned but the order of the world will be confounded and civil societies left as a prey to opinions interests and affections If we will make our selves idle spectators of others oppressions we our selves shall deserve to be abandoned by all in our dangers and with what heart can we invoke God much less our friends to our succour if obliged and also required we should leave the Duke in prey to Toledo Assistance is to be implored from Heaven it self with the right hand held up to joyn endeavour to the vow in imitation of the Marriners that have the Helm in their hand and their eye on the Stars God himself will assist our cause because this War whether it be with Arms or Money takes not counsel from ambition but is the resolution both of necessity and justice in whose bosom the Common-wealth hath always found Peace or Victory Let us couragiously adventure to take the resolution this day because though the entrance should prove difficult certainly in the progress we shall meet with accidents of hopes friendships interests and succours that me think not of I know that in great affairs it is dangerous to discover ones opinion because the Authors of resolute Councils are like to those that fling heavy stones into the air not without danger of having them return upon their own heads rather than hit the mark to which the hand directed it I know also that of good success every body will be a sharer and that if it prove unprosperous the blame shall be imputed to me alone but if such respects perswade me to silence the zeal for my Country hath forced from me this discourse The Senate was really inclined to comply with the Dukes instances moved also from their own concerns whereupon they resolve to assist him and though upon no particular Treaty yet it was done under the bond of common Interest so inviolable in the minds of Princes that till the very end of the War the one wanted not money nor was the other failing in his faith They immediately consent the levy of 4000 French under the Command of Monsieur de Chastiglion at the charge of the Republick that 2000 might serve the Duke of Savoy and the other pass by Sea into Friuli but in the conclusion they remained all in Piedmont They disburse 50000 Ducats for another Levy that the Marshal Dediguieres offered of the same Nation and to the end the Army in Piedmont might be kept vigorous and contented they contribute besides other extraordinary assistances 72000 Ducats a month The Duke had a close and particular confidence with Dediguieres and he little regarding the counsels of the Court either corrupted by Strangers or confounded in the private interests of the Favourite did not only leave the passage of the Mountains open to the Souldiers which in great numbers flocked to the readiness of the pay but was moved to go himself in person to Turin 'T is not to be doubted but Carlo thinking to gain great reputation to his Forces and Counsels drew him thither with the powerful attractive of gold for the Mareshal grown old in glory and the Wars yielding easily to it had gained from slender beginnings equal reputation and wealth The Duke versed in the management of things suddenly orders a meeting with the Mareshal that should make a noise in the presence not only of his own Sons and Ministers but of the Ambassadours of France England and Venice Bethune come into Italy with Court-impressions approves the disarming of the Duke but upon better discussion of the business the prospect of affairs and the state of the present Juncture being otherwise represented Dediguieres shewing no less wisdom in his discourses than affection to Italy it was unanimously concluded that first with Negotiation and afterwards if need should be with Arms Carlo his dignity and the common interest should be maintained Dediguieres offers to the service of the Republick 2000 men under his Nephew the Count Sol but the difficulty of the passage through Rhetia made it without effect Noble was the offer of the Duke of Maine to come with an Army levied at his own charge into Piedmont and forcing the passage into the Milanese to penetrate into the State of the Republick But vast obstacles lying in the way though the Duke couragiously boasted to overcome them the Senate accepted only the good affection judging it also their advantage that he should reside at Court to make opposition to those who in the disadvantages of Italy understood not the loss of that Crown also Willing therefore to procure elsewhere a Levy of Strangers they send to the united Switzers to have 4000 men and to the Grisons to obtain passage Giovanni Baptista Padavino their Secretary who formerly having concluded the League expired a few years since was very acceptable among that people with particular applause of wisdom and dexterity He imploys himself together with Augustin Dolce Resident in Zurich by those means which suit with Rhetia where poverty the defect of the Country goes hand in hand with avarice the vice of that Nation From France the Court taking it as if the Republick did not procure those passages but for their own safety and the indemnity of Italy came order to Gheffier not to oppose
but some few of the Vscocchi and for the affairs of Piedmont they insisted upon the Dukes disarming after which things they offered a restitution of all yet without any prescription of time or obligation on their side to lay down Arms. But Gritti foreseeing that they joyntly aimed at the predominancy in Italy and to weary out the Princes in jealousies sustained that for common quiet and security the disarming of the Milanese ought also to be concerted and as to the interests of the Vscocchi insists that those three sorts should be banished which the Republick had already declared and for the rest that the agreement in Vienna should be precisely executed For some kind of temperament it was proposed by Lerma that the Venetians should first render the places in Istria Ferdinand then to perform the promises on his side and after that the Republick should withdraw their Arms out of Friuli the word of his King remaining security for the due execution of the Treaty But in this present state of affairs the news arriving that the Hollanders were safely landed in Italy Lerma in anger protests to Gritti that if the Treaty were not concluded within one day he would hold it for broken The Ambassadour complaining that the means of necessary defence should be converted into the pretexts of a most unjust War shewed himself very indifferent whether the Negotiation were continued or broken Chefniller gave out that the Negotiation coming to dissolve in Spain the Emperour should re-assume it elsewhere and the Ambassadours of France and England seeming to wonder that Lerma should proceed with such passion the Secretary Arostighi comes to Gritti to excuse the Dukes heat and to signifie to him in the Name of the King that he held not the Treaty otherwise broken than that he reserved wholly to himself the power to approve the Articles treated on when he should know they were accepted by the Senate The Ambassadour thereupon equally disapproves the things proposed and the form Lerma then at last calls together the Nuntio the Ambassadour of France and him of Venice offering to the two first that as to Savoy the Capitulation of Asti should not be altered and as to the Venetians they restoring the half of the places possessed and afterwards the rest at twice Ferdinand should also go on alternatively in the execution of that which some years past had already been agreed upon at Vienna Gritti not at all satisfied with this requires that Ferdinand should first settle in Segna the Garrison agreed upon that then the Republick should quit one place in Istria and that all the rest afterwards being executed Arms should be every where withdrawn Hereupon Lerma not dissenting certain Articles were drawn but in the affair of Carlo the Ambassadour sustaining that by reason of new accidents it was necessary there should be some explication and addition to the Treaty of Asti the whole business thereupon was at a stand Things standing in this posture at Madrid Gritti receives the revocation of his powers for the Venetians and the Duke being exasperated to extremity against the Spanish Ministers thought it better to have the Treaty transported to the Court of France where the change of Government opened a way to hopes of a better minding of the affairs of Italy Gritti then had no other Commission but to ratifie and see that worded which should be concluded at Paris by the Ambassadours Bon and Gussoni and King Lewis was assured that Carlo being satisfied in the point of disarming the Senate dissented not from the substance of that which had been in Proposition at Madrid about the Vscocchi adding only in consideration of late emergencies the restitution of Ships and the Merchandize stayed and made prize of by Ossuna and the rather because the reprisals could not be called just whilst Spain declared not to be in enmity or rupture with the Republick Gradisca in the mean time being brought to the last gasp the Austrian Commanders imployed all their power to make it subsist Several reliefs having not succeeded to get in by stealth they resolved passing on this side the Lisonzo with 600 Horse and 400 experienced Foot to attempt the Line to make way for the succours but being repulsed by the Guards of Horse upon them the action proved very bloody Of the Venetians were killed Marc Anthonio Manzano Pietro Avogadro and Leonoro Gualdo persons of Noble birth and all their Captains of Horse The loss in other respects appeared not unequal The night following the Austrians having a mind to make another attempt the breaking of some of the floats upon which they were to pass over suspended the effect But on the other side a while after they assaulted those Batteries which incommoded Rubia and driving out of the Redoubt which was most advanced four Companies of Switzers surprised in their negligence and killing some Cannoniers who would have made resistance they entred into the Quarter even to the lodging of del Lando where they were opposed by some Corsi till Don Giovanni coming with some succours forced them to retire The Battery was presently recovered and some Cannon being unnailed and turned upon the Enemy made a great slaughter amongst them Marradas and D'Ampierre still applying their minds to new attempts laying a Bridge over the Plain of Mainizza passed the River and convoying some provisions with a great body of men finding the Line ill guarded and having had the encounter only of a few Horse brings them happily into Gradisca Nassau was commanded by the Bridge of Fara with 600 Musquetiers to charge them in the flank but doing it out of time and the Germans under the favour of the Town fording the Lisonzo by the Hills of the Carso got safe into their Quarter Marradas encouraged by this with 800 Horse and 500 Musquetiers assaults some Quarters upon the same Hills forcing certain Trenches and although at that time repulsed yet upon a second attempt he was able to bring powder and meat by the way of Dobredo into the Fort Stella from whence it was afterwards carried into Gradisca The Camp of the Venetians was found weakened by its suffering and the Hollanders in particular not accustomed to the Climate were afflicted with several diseases of which Nassau himself dies in Monfalcone and Lando falls desperately sick It was therefore resolved to reduce the Quarters into a lesser compass and to abandon St. Michaele whence Marradas arguing a greater weakness took heart to assault them but was vigorously repulsed with the death of 300 of his own Discovering afterwards preparations to hazard anew succours the Venetians resolved to encounter it near to St. Martino with 300 Foot under Oratio Baglione The Enemy being discovered to be more than had been supposed which through by-ways conveyed a certain quantity of meal the Prince of Este returned to the Camp in the place of Medici who was indisposed gave Baglione advertisement that without ingagement he should preserve himself till He might arrive with
being met be obliged to separate them with the disgust of the people or with satisfaction of prejudice to the Supreme Power These Novelties of Germany coming to his knowledge he first disapproves the resolution of his Son-in-law to accept the Crown afterwards publishes at last that he would assist him and dispatching an Ambassadour to Vienna demands impossible Conditions of Peace proposing that Bohemia should remain to the Palatine whereupon from measures so fickle and ambiguous the opinion was universally confirmed that he inclined more to foment the flames of the Empire than to extinguish them Neither did the Kings of France and Denmark aim at other ends both offering to interpose but neither caring to bring things to a conclusion Three Diets were held at the same time in the Empire and there were digested the common miseries under the form of several interests In Erbipolis or Wurtzburg the Electors Ecclesiastical the Bishop of that City he of Bamberg and others together with Bavaria and all those Princes which formed the Catholick League unto which the Duke of Lorrain also was now joyned entring into an association resolved to raise an Army making General of it Maximilian Duke of Bavaria a Prince of most excellent understanding and who above all others hath had the wisdom out of the common interests to draw private advantages by merchanding time and managing of Fortune The Pope also entred himself into this Union with a monthly contribution rather for decency than strength All this without doubt was to serve for succours and advantage to Ferdinand as also in another Diet which the Elector of Saxony with the Ambassadours of Denmark and the Princes of the Lower Circle held where he prepossessed with promises of great advantages declares himself for the Austrians magnifying the Rights of Ferdinand which would render the zeal to Religion unjust if in a cause so unrighteous assistance should be given to the Bohemians The Imperial Forces being in this manner remarkably increased Ferdinand what with his own and those of Spain found himself sufficiently strengthened for the Archduke Albert from the Low Countries had sent him between seven and eight thousand Souldiers and as many being dispatched by Ossuna for the Milanese arrived about the end of the year by that way in Austria On the other side the Fortune of Frederick declined in the very beginning for in the third Diet of the fore-mentioned of the Princes of the Union assembled in his presence at Nuremberg the City complaining that the Contributions were distributed to the benefit of a few who assuming specious titles and the Primacy of the Union enjoyed vast entertainments decreed to arm themselves for their alone defence and not to furnish any money to the Army of Bohemia Frederick was then obliged to levy in his own Country about 10000 Foot and 2000 Horse with which entring the Kingdom he was in November solemnly Crowned at Prague But he no sooner put his foot into the Throne but having conferred on the Prince of Anhalt the Charge of Generalissimo of his own and also of the Bohemian Army la Tour and Mansfield who first commanded them were greatly disgusted And so the year as to the affairs of Bohemia ended Frederick signifies to the Venetians his taking of the Crown and they with Letters congratulated at the same time making choice to send to Ferdinand according to custom two extraordinary Embassadours which were Augustin Nani and Simeon Contarini both Knights though by reason of the turbulency of Germany their Mission was retarded for some time and in place of Nani who fell indisposed was substituted Francesco Erizzo Knight and Procurator The Republick though strongly pressed would not interest it self in the affairs of the Empire but for those of Italy continued in a greater vigilance because the designs of the Spanish Ministers not only appeared discovered but by the Treason disclosed in Venice although dissembled mens minds there remained greatly moved Besides these that which had happened in the Grisons came also to be considered by which the Republick did believe to understand that that Monarchy did aim to shut up on all sides the avenues and passes so to besiege her and when an opportunity should require it to give her some notable blow Neither did the Spaniards themselves dissemble the distast conceived in the past occurrences ascribing to her the resistance made to their designs and imputing to her that what with succours to Mantua and assistance to Savoy she had equally aimed to blemish and overthrow their reputation and predominancy in Italy The Venetians therefore seek every where for assistance and friendships far and near It appeared not safe to relye upon France now involved in domestick broils whereupon it was resolved to sign and publish the League of defence with the Duke of Savoy sending Girolamo Cavazza to the Dukes of Mantua Parma Modena and Vrbino to communicate it and to invite them to enter into it to recover once by a firm Union unto Italy its beauty and esteem and also if occasion should be offered the Priviledges of Nature which having separated her by the Alps and Sea as it were with strong Walls and an impassable Ditch from Strangers and their Manners hath intended that she should not only enjoy the wealth pleasures and benefits which with a large hand the benignity of the Air and the pleasantness of the Country impart to her but should also breathe the two most pretious Elements of sociable living Liberty and Command Not one of them had the courage to owne his consent though they all applauding it esteemed it the only defence of the common safety Of the greater Princes to whom communication was given by the ordinary Ambassadours the Pope shewed himself firm in indifferency in regard of his Office of common Father and France promised to have an eye upon the affairs of Italy though judged that to render its services more effectual in case of a new Rupture it was best not to declare it self further The Spaniards shewed themselves greatly moved judging this Alliance as a Seminary of Jealousies and bitterness In those Negotiations with Carlo there was intermixed an example of the domestick Discipline of the Common-wealth in which Rebellion and Peculat are held to be offences equally to be execrated for in the adjusting of the account of Subsidies furnished to the Duke it was found that one month was wanting and the money being issued out of the Treasury it was easily discovered that it had been converted to the proper use of Anthonio Donato the Ambassadour in England Opinion did not concur with the fact because in a person adorned with excellent parts particularly of wisdom and eloquence the fault was rendred so much the less credible by how much the more he had domestick representations of the highest integrity of his Ancestors amongst which his Uncle Leonardo Prince of the Republick and his Father Niccolo an honourable Senator had given proof in home and foreign imployments of inflexible
minds to whatsoever fault or interest Anthonio was at that time Ambassadour in the Court of England and to clear this account he had leave to come to Venice where haranguing in the Senate with great power and no less hope to pacifie mens minds by the merits of his Ancestors and his own Services he found that in cases the most important Justice did not hold the ballance to equalize merits with faults Being summoned to Prison to render account as a Delinquent and yielding to it he was banished with a Sentence of Death and Confiscation of Goods his Name and Posterity cancelled out of the Order of the Patricians He retired himself into England where Girolamo Lando succeeding him in the Ambassage moves the King to discharge him thence But the Senate by the League with the Duke Carlo believing by his strong diversion the State at Land only secured from the attempts of the Milanese and by that of the Switzers judging to have provided themselves with little more than with the appearance and some numbers of Souldiers applied themselves to an equal strength of shipping and men also on the Sea-coast lest the Viceroy of Naples should continue his thoughts to disturb the Islands and the Gulph For this cause they listened to a Proposition of Alliance insinuated from the United Provinces of Holland in which besides the common interest of Liberty and Commerce they had a great desire to strengthen themselves with some strong support before-hand if within a while the Truce coming to expire they should be exposed to a new ingagement with the powerful Forces of Spain Christofero Suriano was at this time Resident for the Venetians at the Haghe who with much ripeness of judgment and dexterity in the managing of persons had introduced himself into a confidence with the Prince of Oâ—â—…nge and the Chief of the States and from thence collecting easily their sense he proceeded from discourses to a Treaty for which some Deputies of the States of the Provinces being appointed to treat with him they set down in writing the Conditions of a League of common defence But being propounded in Venice for the approbation of the Senate opinions differed for amongst those of the Colledge Giovanni Nani judged that the Conclusion should be deferred believing that the Republick though involved in great and grievous suspicions ought not at this time to intangle it self in that interest which presupposing a perpetual War put her into such and so great expences and dangers that the remedy would be found worse than the present evils And so he spake to this purpose If it be true that the faith of Princes is a bond not to be untyed and that Treaties of Leagues as Marriages make a Community of Fortune and Interests it is never too late to resolve upon a Decree which cannot be retracted nor amended A Decree which concerns an Alliance not of those States which govern their Councils by the alteration of things by the vicissitude of affections by the corruptions of Ministers and the change of Governours but of two Republicks in their Constitution immortal in their Maxims immoveable and in their Word constant An Vnion comprehending a short period and a limited number of years yet extends it self to the most weighty affairs and putting the Republick into a long and inextricable Labyrinth draws along with it consequences of great moment because it hath for its object a perpetual War in which with unwearied exercise of mind the Vnited Provinces defend their Religion and Liberty against a most powerful King implacable in the offence and indefatigable in the resentment That the Treasure of the Republick should be poured forth to the assistance of the weak that our aids should be the certain Capital of the oppressed that the Arsenals and Treasuries should be common to Italy there are so strong motives that it cannot be denied but they have not the same force for the affairs of Holland and if they have force by ballancing the reasons it is fit that we measure their strength Our succours perhaps will be large yet unsufficient to be able to maintain a War which subsists upon terms of Liberty and Rebellion irreconciliable with subjection and Kingly Authority A War extended to the four parts of the World which hath no limits nor can be bounded which hath emptied Spain of People exhausted the Indies of Gold and swallowed the Blood and Treasures of Europe The Republick hath always been most just in her undertakings in her own defence most circumspect and in the assistance of others constant What is now pretended is it to take Arms against Spain have we Peace with him is it to preserve our selves but what more safe remedy than the sparing the vital spirits for our own occasions Some desire to perswade those States at the end of the Truce to make an end of the War but if in their intestine Divisions having experienced greater mischiefs from Peace than hazards in the War they are thereto perswaded by their own interest that diversion will surely serve to our advantage and that War will be carried on without us under the shadow of which Italy will take breath and the Republick protected by Heaven against force and treasons will happily enjoy a calm and quiet peace Holland hath the assistance of their Neighbours and they most potent Princes some conformable to their own Religion others by a suitableness to their conveniencies and designs and these can and will uphold her with puissant Forces To what purpose then hasten our Carrier if by the steps of others without wearying our selves we may arrive at the end of our advantages The Republick hath to its praise assumed to her self the protection of Italy hath maintained it and doth maintain it with glory but it would be too vast a thought to espouse all the differences of Europe and have to do in every part of the World If out of prudence we have abstained from meddling in the affairs of Bohemia why should we pinch our selves with those of Holland is it to obtain assistance But that people will not be wanting to be serviceable to us without a League who agree with all the World where there is money and reward I deny not but that friends are a great defence and that in true Mesnagery that Treasure is not to be valued which keeps the Monster of War far off But do the bonds of friendship consist in Treaties only The affections of Princes are there joyned where the Interests are not separate Who doubts but that the Vnited Provinces will embrace our assistance as often as being in distress it may be seasonable to give it and render it to us again when the Conjunction of affairs shall shew it to be necessary We have hitherto at least drawn Commanders Souldiers Ships out of that Country open to the money of all That very money which for the purchase of a friendship not necessary we are here vainly so ready to disburse shall be that
his vast hopes could not be paid with any reason but moved against the resistance of the Republick began to give place in his heart to those disgusts which carried him afterwards to greater transgressions Nevertheless not willing for the present the Armies being in action in the Grisons to alienate themselves from the Republick by an open separation of their counsels from their aims taking pretext from the Winter-season they make a shew to refer the resolution and imployment of their Arms to another time But in effect the concert was secretly concluded betwixt the Crown and the Duke to invade the year following the Genouese of which the East side of the River remaining to Savoy that of the West accrued to France with the City it self of Genoua About this there passed some dispute each desiring for the importance and wealth to annex it to his Dominion but Carlo at last gave way such being the greediness he had of that enterprise which though the augmenting the power of France and letting himself be environed in a manner on all sides was not his interest nevertheless calculating always his designs above his hopes he fancied to himself to remain at last Arbiter of Italy out of a belief that the French would either quickly be weary of their Conquests or at least would soon neglect to preserve them To remove him from such thoughts the Spanish Ministers propounded large offers to bestow the Archbishoprick of Toledo of great Revenue upon the Cardinal his Son and other advantages with some satisfaction also in the business of Zuccarello But he hopes for all Feria attentive upon the motions in the Grisons and the designs of the Duke had raised a gallant Army in the Milanese and the Republick encompassed by so many Troops of that State and by no less jealousies towards Tirol and Friuli strengthened it self more and more Amongst many military Commanders which put themselves into their Service the chief was Henry de la Tour the famous stirrer up of the Rebellion of Bohemia They increased also their Forces by Sea arming in Dalmatia Gallies extraordinary and it fitly happened that thirteen Pinnaces of Barbary being advanced into the Chanel of Cattaro with the connivence of the Turkish Commanders in Castel novo assaulting Perasto by night and plundering it had given pretext to twenty three Gallies of Spain in the pursuit of them to advance to Ragusa whereupon to repulse the one and the other Anthonio Pisani Proveditor of the Fleet assembling it in all haste came into those waters But the Spaniards retiring and the Pirates flying with the same celerity these did some little hurt as they passed to the Islands of Teacchi and of Zant withdrawing themselves from the deserved chastisement which with a more signal revenge was suspended till another time During this interim four Frigats of the Pirates of St. Maura falling into the hands of the said Proveditor paid the penalty of their Rapine and Piracy An. Dom. 1624 THE HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICK OF VENICE THE SIXTH BOOK THE Negotiation of Piedmont suspended actions of Arms begin in the Grisons and against the Valteline towards the end of the year the Confederates making choice of that season which though in the sharpness of situation might render proceedings difficult was yet very advantagious to keep what should be gotten The banished with the incouragement of the Regiment of Salice one of their own Country came down at the same time from several parts and by the knowledge of the situations over-powering the Posts kept by the Souldiers of Leopold in a very little time and with no great contest possess themselves of the Steich the Bridge of the Rhine Majanfelt the Sluse of Partentz and Flex excluding succours out of Germany It is not to be believed how upon the sudden glaring forth of liberty the people were refreshed who had scarce known what it was till they saw it oppressed Applauding therefore the League as their Redeemer those of the ten Directorships took courage shaking off the yoke of Leopold The Regiment of Monsieur de Harcourt advances now into Rhetia and the Levy of Switzers and Grisons according to agreement was made The Ambassadour le Coevre commanded these Troops with the assistance for the Venetians of Luigi Valaresso Knight who returning from his Embassie of England had order to remain there with him They both went to Coira to incourage and animate that Government from thence to Poschiavo to prepare for the Invasion of the Valteline Feria that he might preserve it cared little for Leopolds losses in Rhetia but howsoever left the defence of the Valley to Bagni to ingage the Pope so much the more to maintain it and induce him to unite at last with Spain Bagni found himself exercised with other thoughts for on the one side he knew not how with a very small force to resist the flood he saw coming upon him and on the other calling Feria to assist derogated to the neutrality desired by the Pope and hastned a War betwixt the two Crowns He endeavoured to help himself by art threatning the Confederates to deliver the Forts to the Governour of Milan if they should attempt them by force But they having now their Troops in readiness could no longer nor were inclined to it remain amidst the Rocks of Rhetia without losing their Army by the rigour of the Winter and the want of Victuals With six thousand Foot and three hundred Horse they enter by the way of Poschiavo where the Valley being narrowest opens a short passage to receive from the State of the Republick Victuals Assistance and Cannon The Pontificians abandon presently the weaker places to be able to make better resistance in the stronger Whereupon the Confederates become Masters of that of Piantamala whence without stopping they pass on to Tirano Bagni was fitly there with the Cavalier Robustelli one of the chief Contrivers of the late Revolutions and two hundred and fifty Souldiers besides some of the Valteline not very fit to bear Arms. Nevertheless he made a shew to be willing to defend himself more with the name and veneration of the Ensigns of the Church than with the Garrison but the Towns-men not trusting to so weak Forces and fearing death and pillage from the fury of the Souldiers went out through a hole in the Wall while the Governour kept the Gates shut to capitulate the delivery which was accepted upon condition not to put a Garrison of Grisons but of French into it Bagni being retired with his Souldiers into the Castle imploring succours of Feria and demanding of Coevre a suspension of Arms for some days desired to protract time in hope that wanting Cannon for battery and other provisions the season and situation might defend him But all conditions that might hinder their progress being refused by the Confederates that which the one believed impossible succeeded easily to the others for six Cannons arrived in the Camp with a number of Pioneers and every thing
Treaty of Monzon 245. of Simeon Contarini to defer the resolution in favour of the Duke of Mantua 276. of Dominico Molino to the contrary 278. of Battista Nani upon the authority of the Council of Ten 295. of Pietro Foscarini to drive the Germans out of the Posts about Mantua 327. of John Nani in the contrary opinion 329. another of his to the Pope 457. of Julio Mazarine to perswade the Duke of Savoy to yield Pignarol to France 351. of Bellievre Ambassadour of France to perswade the Senate to a League with his King 402. of the Spanish Ambassadour de la Rocca to disswade it 425. of Monsieur de Hussé who demands assistance for the Duke of Savoy 465. of the Spanish Ambassadour la Rocca against it 465. of Giovanni Pesari that the Republick would take the Duke of Parma into their protection 506. of Vincenzo Gussoni on the contrary 508 Ornano Governour of the Kings Brother promotes disturbances in France 248. his imprisonment and death 249 Osmond succeeds in the Turkish Empire 117. deposed and killed 194 Ostia taken by the Venetians 331 Ottaviano Bono Ambassadour to the King of France 60. recalled by the Republick 110 P. PEace of Asti and its conditions 50 Peace betwixt the Republick and the Archduke treated at the Emperours Court 65. transferred into Spain 87. and thither also the Treaty of that betwixt Spain and Savoy 87. an Imperial Ambassadour arrives there 105. further Negotiation suspended 106. is transferred into France ibid. is concluded at Paris as extended in Madrid 109. the conditions of it ibid. approved by the Republick though not content with their Ministers 111. the execution for Piedmont concerted ibid. interrupted by Toledo ibid. the ratifications exchanged and Commissioners appointed 115. and executed betwixt Ferdinand and the Republick ibid. Peace for the Valteline treated at Paris without effect 238. is concluded at Monzon 243. its conditions ibid. various judgments 244. the aim of the Contractors ibid. the opinions the Confederates had of France ibid. the Republick approves it 246 Peace betwixt France and England 297 Peace of Susa not executed 301 Peace betwixt the Emperour and King of Denmark 305 Peace of Ratisbone for the affairs of Italy 342. complaints of many Princes ibid. executed in Piedmont 344. disapproved by France 345. is moderated by a new Treaty at Chierasco 351. the Governour of Milan complaining 353. is executed ibid. Peace betwixt England and Spain 345 Peace of Prague betwixt the Emperour and the Protestants 411 Peace general meets with great difficulties yet the Pope sends a Legate and the Republick Ambassadours to negotiate it 425 431. some Pass-ports are granted 432 460. a Treaty betwixt France and Swede concerning the management of the peace 444. greater difficulties still arise 474 484 499. a beginning given to the Meeting 558 Peace betwixt Spain and the Prince of Parma Peace betwixt the Princes of Savoy and their Sister-in-law and France 414 Peace of the Pope with the Princes of the League and with the Duke of Parma managed by the French Ministers 549. disturbed by the propositions of the Barberins to the Spaniards ibid. Cardinal Bichi imployed and Plenipotentiary are named 566. the opinions of the Confederates 569. Propositions of Cardinal Bichi at Venice 570. interruptions feared by the Popes sickness ibid. recovers 571. is concluded the Articles comprehended in two Capitulations ibid. are published and executed 572 Palatinate possessed by Bavarians and Spaniards 174. succoured by Mansfelt 178 Paulo V. Pope endeavours the peace of Italy 13. the peace betwixt the Republick and the Archduke 53. betwixt Spain and Savoy 66. sollicited by the Spanish Ministers against the Republick 72. fears lest the peace break for the cause of the Valteline 163. dyes 164 Perpignan its situation blocked by the French 532. besieged by the King in person 533. is rendred 538 Plague in Italy 319. destroys the Armies 326. Mantua unpeopled 329. lays waste the State of the Republick and the City of Venice 337. ceases 350. is manufactured in Milan 350 Piacenza straightned by the Spaniards 426 Pietro Contarini Ambassadour in England hires Ships for the Republick 117 Pietro Barbarigo after many imployments made Captain General 222 Pietro di Toledo inveighs against the peace of Asti 83. comes Governour to Milan and reinforces the Army 59. demands of the Republick to withdraw their Army from Gradisca and gives jealousie to their Borders 64. endeavours to break the Treaty of Asti 65. with various Propositions to Carlo against whom nevertheless he hatches treachery ibid. draws near with his Army to Piedmont corrupts the Duke of Nemours 79. endeavours to separate Carlo from the friendship of the Venetians 83. not caring what Monferrat suffered besieges Vercelli 99. takes it 103. invades the Confines of the Republick 111. afterwards publishes the peace 112. makes difficulty to execute it in Piedmont 120. hatches a conspiracy in Crema 122. renders Vercelli 123 Pietro Foscarini counsels to force the Germans from their Posts near to Mantua 327. Ambassadour at Constantinople 469 Pietro Girone Duke of Ossuna and Viceroy of Naples renders the Republick jealous by Sea 72. arrests their Ships 93. incourages the Uscocchi ibid. his various designs 94. sends Ships into the Adriatick ibid. publishes a design against the Turks and demands the Gallies of the Princes of Italy 95. but intends rather to stir up the Turks against the Republick 95 96. sends Gallies into the Adriatick 97. takes Merchant-ships belonging to the Republick ibid. invade the Adriatick anew 113. does not restore the Booty ibid. his disturbing thoughts 116. arms more and more and treats with the Turk 117. to make the Republick jealous 118. withdraws his Ships ibid. hinders the restitution of Goods taken ibid. advises of new attempts against the Republick 119. partaker of the conspiracy in Venice 123. continues to trouble the Republick by sending out Ships to rob 146. desirous to maintain himself in his Government 226. the King jealous of him appoints a Successor 147. goes into Spain and dyes in prison 148. his Ships taken by the Venetians ibid. Pietro Gritti Ambassadour in Spain insinuates the peace 86. concludes it 109 Pietro Hein Admiral of Holland takes the Spanish Fleet. Petillano besieged by the Pontificians raises the siege and are beaten 564 Polesene important to the Venetians 565 Pompeo Justiniano taken into the Venetian pay 44. commands the Army in Friuli 55. abandons Lucinis 56. offers to besiege Gradisca 61. dyes 76 Portugal rebels 488 Prague taken by the Catholicks 156 Prefectureship of Rome given by the Pope to his Nephew to the distaste of the Princes 364. whose Ambassadors abstain from the Churches ibid. encounter of the Venetian Ambassadour with the Prefect 364. the matter composed 366 Princes moved by several affections and interests especially those of Italy 267 Princes of the Vnion in Germany approve the Republick resentments against the Archduke 60. they disunite for fear of the Spaniards 177 Princes of Italy invited by the Republick to a League are
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of France passes into that Kingdom to her Marriage 58. is Partaker of the designs against Richelieu 249. obtains of the King to remain at Paris with her Sons 532. her Regency limited by her Husband 551. she gets it at large from the Parliament 555. is about introducing new Ministers ib. Antonio Antelmi Resident with the Switzers swears to the League 131. sent to Mirandola to adjust those Princesses 416 Antonio Barbaro General in Istria falls sick 78. returns to that Command 89. Proveditor General for the Sea 150. General of the Terra firma 217 Antonio Barberino Cardinal Legate for the Peace of Italy 300. returns to Rome successless 325. accepts the protection of France 382 commands the Army against the Prince of Parma 523 525. provokes the Venetians with jealousie 542. opposes the Duke of Parma and Confederates 544. invades the Modonese 547 558 559. by the surprise of Lago Scuro defeats the designs of the Confederates 560 counsels Peace ibid. Antonio Baron de Rabbata Ambassadour from the Emperour to Venice 425 Antonio Capello called Terzo Captain of the Galliasses defends the French Ships in the Part of Alesandrette 296. Proveditor of the Fleet pursues the Pirates of Barbery 447. besieges them in the Port of Vallona ibid. carries away their Gallies 448. chosen a Counsellor 449 Antonio Donato punished for Peculat 140 Antonio Foscarini put to death and afterwards found innocent 180 Antonio Giorgio betrayed and killed by the Uscocchi 52 Antonio Lando General in Friuli besieges Gradisca 88 89. thinks of going up to Carso 89 does it 91. is attacqued in his Quarter 107 being sick retires from the Camp 107 Antonio Pisani brings the Gallies of Candia safe to the Fleet 146. made Proveditor of the Sea chases some Pirates chastises others 215 convoys the Queen of Hungary from Ancona to Trieste 338. Captain of the Galliasses 452 Antonio Priuli General at Land 16. Generalissimo 72. deputed for the execution of the Peace with King Ferdinand 115. dyes 202 Antonio Trivisano killed in a Tumult of the Souldiers 73 Armando de Richelieu named by the King for a Cardinals Cap 151. enters into favour and the chief Ministry 205. his Jars with the Duke of Buckingham 221. blamed for the Peace of Monzon 253. his excuses 253 his parts and arts 249 250. discovers the designs against France 262. makes division amongst the Huguenots 263. undertakes the Siege of Rochel 264. loses the favour of Queen-Mother and the Kings Brother 280. strengthens the Princes of Italy in the interests of Mantua 281. exalted by the taking Rochel perswades the King to go into Italy 291. having concluded the Treaty of Susa returns into France to overcome the Huguenots 304. hated by the Queen-Mother and the Kings Brother 310. is appointed to relieve Mantua 315. suffers himself not to be deluded by the Savoyards 319 forces them to declare themselves 323. his disgusts with the Dukes increase 323. attempts to take him Prisoner 324. gets Pignarol ibid. vexed with the faction at Court 326 345. endeavours to repair the discredit by the peace at Ratisbone 345. is pleased with the possession of Pignerol 356. created Duke and Peer of France and Patrician of Venice 262. the death of the Mareshal of Maivilliac imputed to him 370. revenges himself of the Spaniards 373. pinhes the Lorrainers 381. speaks with Oxenstern 412. troubled at the invasion of the Austrians orders the defence of the Kingdom 422. endeavours to make advantage of the misfortunes of the House of Savoy 463 counsels the King to make War in Spain 472 hated universally in the Kingdom 494. whence arises a great storm of the discontented Princes he defends himself and weathers it 497 becomes troublesom to the King himself 534 perswades the King to the enterprise of Perpignan and aspires to the Regency 531. St. Mars with Orleans and the Spaniards conspire against him 534. discovers the Kings kindness towards him cooled 536. defeats the conspiracy 536. dyes his Elogium 538 539 The Army of France by Sea prey of money belonging to the Genouese 232. infests the Coast of Spain 472. the English Fleet attempts in vain to take Cadiz and the Fleet there 255 Army Naval of Spain attempts in vain Susa 146. avoids an encounter with Turks ibid. give jealousie to the Venetians 170 312. pretends to convoy the espoused Queen of Hungary through the Adriatick 338. prepares for an enterprise on France 395. surprises the Islands of Ere 's 411. is beaten by the Hollanders 472 Army Naval of the Turks scoures the Sea and pillages the Coast of Puglia 96 146 150 Army Naval of the Venetians opposes the invasions of the Spaniards in the Adriatick 95. defends it self in the Port of Lessina ibid. reinforced with a new supply of armed Ships 96. go forth but slowly out of the Port of Curzola against the Spaniards 97. with which he fights 113. ranges the Sea and takes many Vessels 118 145. is re-inforced with the Gallies of Candia 245. thence chases the Pirates 446. takes their Gallies out of the Port of Vallona 448 Armies Naval of France and Spain meet to the loss of Spain 440 Arras besieged by the French not being relieved renders 480 Asti described 47. attacqued by the Spaniards and defended by the Duke of Savoy 48. is rendred to the Princes of Savoy 462 Avo Ambassadour of France stirs up the Republick to assist the Duke of Mantua 285 Austria superiour rebels 134. is punished by Bavaria 153. rises in commotion again and is subdued 256 Axel Oxenstern governs the Swedes affairs in the Empire 378. hath a Conference with Richelieu 412. sends Count Gualdo to Venice ibid. B. BAbylon besieged by the Turks 453. taken by assault 454 Baltasar Maradas with Spanish Souldiers comes to assist the Archduke in Friuli 72. attempts to surprise the Venetian Quarters 89. reassures the people of Istria ibid. assumes the chief Command of the Army 92. succours Gradisca and attempts the Quarters of the Venetians 107 108 Barbery Pirates called by the Turks to help keep the Sea 446. enter into the Adriatick ibid. retire to Vallona ibid. their Gallies taken by the Venetians 448. the Turks incensed 449 Battel of Prague 154. at over Ersheim where Dourlach beaten 186. at Hochst Alverstat defeated 187. at Burgsteinfort defeated again 203. at Leipzich the Imperialists defeated 359. at Lutzen the King of Swedes death 376. at Nordlingen the Swedes beaten and consequences of advantage for the Empire 393. at Sedan with the death of Soissons and defeat of the Kings Army 496 at Leipzich the Imperial Army beaten 531 at Rocroy the French victorious 553 Battista Nani maintains the Authority of the Council of Ten 295. Commissioner for the Borders of Loreo 366. deputed to treat with the French Ministers 386 414. deputed to treat the League with the Princes of Italy 519 Battista Nani Ambassadour gives the King of France thanks for his Mediation of Peace 573 Bellievre Ambassadour of France to the Princes of Italy 401. exhorts the Republick to unite