States make and unmake Laws Prosâ—ribe Forfeit and take to themselves the absolute Power over the Lives and Fortunes of all The Articles or Engagements that they entered in were to this purpose That all should enjoy their Liberties and Properties That there be a fixed and determinate proceeding in Law That all Crimes relating to the change of Government be abolished That all Statutes and Ordinances remain in force until the contrary be Enacted That Publick Debts be punctually paid That no Man believing in the Father Son and Holy Ghost and acknowledging the Holy Bible for the Word of God be debarred from the profession of his Religion except Episcopal-Men and Papists That a Zealous and Powerful Ministry be by all means cherished That Colledges and Schools be reformed That at present Fleetwood have the chief Command of the Forces both by Sea and Land That for the future the Parliament have the Legislative Power and the Council of State the Executive That the Protectors Debts be paid and that he have a Liberal Pension of Ten thousand pounds yearly during Life and ten thousand more in Inheritance And that his Mother also during Life have eight thousand pounds yearly out of the Exchequer The Parricides being bound to these Articles take their Seats again in the Parliament-House but how much they valued them they make it quickly manifest In the mean time many of the old Members to the number of above three hundred who had been secluded heretofore by the Officers of the Army though they believed the Parliament to be dissolved by the Death of Charles the First and the Abrogation of the House of Lords yet that they might avoid other Inconveniencies desiring to be readmitted are carefully kept out Some few Days after they send Commissioners to Richard to ask him the Question How he liked the change of Government and what Debts he owed that wheadling him with the hopes of kind usage they might draw from him a voluntary renunciation of the Authority He makes answer That he thought it reasonable that he should submit to their Authority from whom he must expect protection that his Steward should give them an account of his Debts But nothing but a formal and express resignation would please them to which he seemed chearfully to give his assent And now at length he is commanded to deliver up all the Goods and Houshold Furniture not so much as reserving to himself any Gold or Silver Jewels or Hangings Linnen or any other Goods that might have been pack'd up in a small bulk all are adjudged to the Exchequer Thus stript of all he is commanded to depart out of Whitehall liable to the Actions of all his Creditors and perhaps to have been tried for his Life had they not had other Fish to fry Behold the perfidiousness of Mortal Men and a wonderful instance of Divine Providence which presides over and alters Humane Affairs and Governments as it seemeth Good to the Amighty He who just now swayed the Scepter of three Kingdoms forced by the Calamities of a tedious Civil War to truckle under his Vicegerents three old Commanders to wit his Brother Brother-in-law and a third whom Cromwell had obliged by many and great Favours he I say in the short space of one year is craftily turned out of all and now stript of his borrowed Plumes he becomes the object of the Raillery of Poets and Painters and being sufficiently lasht with the giibes and reproaches both of the Parricides and Rabble as of old the Dictator was called from the Plough so now the Protector is sent back to the Plough A Chronological Table FOR THE SECOND PART MDCXLIX DOrislaus by some Scots killed in Holland The Marquess of Ormond Lieutenant of Ireland makes a Truce with the Irish Having raised an Army he besieges Dublin Jones routs his Forces and raises the Siege Cromwell General of the Rebels in Ireland arrives at Dublin Cromwell takes Drogheda cruelly abusing his Victory MDCL Cromwell takes Kilkenny the Seat of the Irish Council by a Surrender Leaving Ireton his Son-in-Law in Ireland he returns to England Ascham Embassador from the Regicides is killed at Madrid The Marquess of Montross Commissioner of Scotland overcome in Battel is betrayed and taken And basely used by the Scots is put to death at Edinburgh King CHARLES having Articled with the Scots sails into Scotland Fairfax laying down his Comission Cromwell is declared General of all the Forces in England Scotland and Ireland Cromwell leads an Army into Scotland Eusebius Andrews is beheaded at London Cromwell defeats the Scots in a bloody Battel at Dunbar William Prince of Orange dies MDCL LI CHARLES the Second is Crowned in Scotland He enters England with an Army of Scots Easily possesses himself of Worcester James Earl of Derby is by Lilburn routed at Wiggan The Scots being beat by Cromwell at Worcester the King escapes Cromwell in triumph enters London The King after many dangers at length arives in Normandy The Isle of Jersey reduced by Haines James Earl of Derby Lord of Mann is put to death His Lady Carlotta generously but in vain defends the Isle of Mann Henry Ireton Son-in-law to Cromwell dies at Limerick in Ireland MDCLI LII Aiskew takes the Island of Barbadoes by surrender An Act of Oblivion is past in the Rump Parliament St. Johns and Strickland are sent to Holland The first fight at Sea between Blake and Trump Aiskew beats the Dutch at Sea near Plimouth Blake beats the Dutch again MDCLII LIII The English and Dutch fight in the Streights Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament after twelve years Tyrannical Vsurpation Yet he calls a new one to which he commits the Government The Dutch send four Embassadours into England to treat of Peace Monck in a great Sea-engagement beats the Dutch Trump being slain Some Portuguese commit a Riot in the New Exchange in the Strand The Mock Parliament resigns up the Government to Cromwell Oliver Cromwell with the Title of Protector takes upon him the Administration of the Government MDCLIV Cromwell makes Peace with the Dutch Don Pantaleon Sa brother to the Portugal Embassadour and John Gerard are beheaded Cromwell calls a Mock Parliament which meets at Westminster Cromwell makes the Members swear Fealty to him King CHARLES leaving France goes to Colen He sends for his Brother Henry Duke of Glocester MDCLIV LV. Cromwell dissolves his Mock-Parliament The Cavaliers stir but in vain in several places of England Wagstaff possesses himself of Salisbury Penruddock and Groves are beheaded at Exeter Henry Cromwells younger Son made Deputy of Ireland The Marquess of Leda the Spanish Embassadour comes to London Pen and Venables Commanders of the Fleet and Army take the Island
of Jamaica Ten Major Generals are set over the Provinces Cromwell makes Peace with the French The Jews sue for liberty to come and live in England MDCLVI Cromwell makes Peace with the Portuguese The Swedish Embassadour is feasted by Comwell at Hampton-Court Blake and Montague beat eight Spanish Ships and take two of them richly laden A Mock-Parliament of the three Nations England Scotland and Ireland is held at Westminster James Naylor a false Christ enters Bristol MDCLVI LVII Sundercome who conspired Cromwells death is condemned He is found dead in his Bed in the Tower of London Harrison Lawson and others are committed to Prison Blake burns the Spanish Fleet in the very Harbour of Santa-cruce Cromwell refuses the Title of King offered him by the Parliament He is solemnly inaugurated Protector And the Parliament is adjourned for six Months Richard Son to Cromwell is made Chancellour of Oxford Jepson is sent to Sweden and Medows into Denmark Mardike-Fort taken by the English and French The Vicecount Falconberge marries Mary Daugh-to Cromwell MDCLVII LVIII A Parliament is again held consisting of two Houses Suddenly dissolved by Cromwell Slingsby and Hewet are beheaded Dunkirk is yielded to the French Cleypole Cromwell's Daughter dies at Hampton-Court Oliver Cromwell Protector dies in Whitehall Richard Cromwell publickly declared Protector Oliver is buried in Westminster MDCLVIII LIX Richard calls a Mock-Parliament which is held at Westminster Overton is recalled from his Banishment The Lower-house vote Richard to be Recognised Protector of England Scotland and Ireland And Vote also a present Conference with those of the Other House about Publick Affairs The Officers of the Army present a Remonstrance to Richard and he to the Parliament The Parliament make an Ordinance That the Officers of the Army meet not to hold Consults The Officers beset Whitehall and Richard by Proclamation dissolves the Parliament Richard being turned out the Rump-Parliament is again revived FINIS A TABLE To the Second Part. A. ADdresses and gratulatory Petitions to Cromwel pag. 190 Ascham the Rebel Embassadour in Spain killed there 72 B. Blake his Death and Character 228 C. Cavaliers conspire to rise for the King but disappointed 182 225 Church of England her Ministers persecuted 5 Cromwel Oliver 6 98. He procures a kind of Amnesty to be past by the Rump 156. Turns out the Rump 161. Is made Protector 165 166. The Instrument 166. His Arts and Cunning 184. Calls a House of Commons under the name of a Parliament 186. But cannot work 'em to his will 189. The manner of his Government in some matters 190 191 192. His fears and mistrust 198. Enters into a League with France 210. Treats with the Jews about a Toleration 210 211. Calls a pickt Assembly of the three Nations 212. The point debated whether he should take the Title of King 214 215. The manner how he was inaugurated Protector and the Speech thereat 218. Falls sick 233. Dies 236. His Character 237. His Funeral 341. Cromwel Richard 217 223. He becomes Protector 240. Callâ— a Sham-Parliament 243. Dissolves it 246. He is advised to be for the King but refuses the advice 247. Turn'd out of his Protectorship by the Rump 250. D. Dorislaus sent by the Regicides into Holland 2. Is killed there 3. Dunbar defeat 106 Dunkirk taken by the English 231 Dutch War 171 G. Gloucester Duke sent for to Cologn by the King 197 H. Hereticks in Gromwel's time 219 Hewet Dr. 225 High Court of Justice another erected 79. And does a world of mischief 80. inf I. Jamaica taken by the English 209 Jersey subdued 155 Ireland Expedition thither under Cromwel 6. inf Subdued 55. Juries endeavoured to be abolished by Cromwel 203 K. King Charles I. the state of Affairs after his death 1 King Charles II. seeks help from foreign Princes 67. Proclaimed in Scotland 83. Crowned there 117. His march into England 120. His Escape from Worcester 128. inf Arrives in France 150. Removes to Cologn 180. His Restoration foretold by an Astrologer 198. L. Lambert John his Character 55 Lane Jane 136 Lords of Cromwel 's making 222 Love 's Conspiracy 115 M. Major-Generals and their Tyranny 200 Man-Island subdued 156 Marriages by Justices of Peace 164 Montross the noble Marquiss his Story 90 N. Nayler James his Pranks 220 P. The Pendrils 128 Petty Sir William 61 Portugal Embassadour's Brother beheaded 178 R. Rump-Parliament and Army disagree 156 Turned out by Cromwel 161 Brought again into play 249 S. Scotland Expedition thither under Cromwel 98 Subdued 152 Slingsby Sir Henry 183 225 Sundercome and the Republicans conspire against Cromwel 220 221 V. Van Trump kill'd 176 Vowel a condemn'd Royalist cites Cromwel and his Judges to appear before the Judgment-seat of God 179 W. War against the Spaniards in America 206 Between the Danes and Swedes 228 Worcester-Fight 125 Part the Third OR THE HISTORY OF THE Composing the Affairs of England By the Restauration of King CHARLES II. And the Punishment of the Regicides And the Settlement of the Church and State as they were before the Rebellion THE Civil War of England begun by a pernicious and fatal Parliament raged for the space of eight years with various successes of Battels till the Royalists being in all parts worsted and not able to keep the Field Charles the First the best of Kings a Prince of most exalted but persecuted Virtue to avoid the victorious Arms of the English Independants moved by ill fate or bad counsel cast himself into the arms of the Presbyterian Scots by whom he was for a round sum of money treacherously delivered up into the hands of English Traytors Nor was it long before he was a sad instance that the Prisons of Kings are but little distant from their Graves For what the flagitiousness of past Ages never attempted and future Will hardly believe the unfortunate Prince to make way for the Usurpation of the Traytor Cromwel was forced by a scenical and mock-form of Law and Justice to lay down his sacred head to be struck off upon a Block The boldest Villany that ever any Nation saw and a Parricide that all the World was astonished at But this Villany succeeding so prosperously and Britain at length and Ireland being subdued by victorious Rebels as the Forces of Charles the Second were entirely routed by the defeats at Dumbar and Worcester Cromwel the Traytor delayed no longer the execution of his long-projected Wickedness He knew full well that the name of the Parliament was grown odious to the people through the uneasiness of their flagitious and usurped Dominion Turning therefore his Arms against his hauty Masters he turned them out of the House as Objects first of his own contempt and then of the peoples scorn The onely grateful action he did to the Kingdom And now
Lord Bishop of Winchester the Worthy Nicholas Oudart Secretary and Counsellour to the Prince of Orange by Sir John Wederburn Knight by Dr. Richard Owen Professor of Divinity and Rector of St. Swithins in London by Dr. George Ent heretofore Physician to Charles the First and now to the present King and also by Fabian Philips an Attorney who was my Assistant in searching the Rolls Offices and Monuments of the Law that I may not mention Dugard who printed it men above all exceptions although there is an insolent Defamer who pretends I have fathered another mans Work whose Calumnies I neither value nor fear This Passage is inserted by him onely to prove he was the Author of it but is at the same time a strong proof of his integrity for it is very well known these Persons were not all of one side in our late Distractions The first Part of this Piece was first printed about the year 1651 without his name for the information of Strangers and therefore he premiseth a short account of the Prerogatives of the Crown and the Priviledges of Parliament and Liberties of the Subject here which had been so abominably misrepresented to Forreigners that they stood generally in great doubt on which side the right lay and considering the time when it came out first nothing could be of greater use and benefit to the then-oppressed interest of our late Soveraign Nor was it onely useful abroad but at home also for the People of England were then so distracted by the Contradictions betwixt the Royal and the Rebel Party that they at least many of them did as little know on which side to give their Verdict as the Neighbour Nations Hence the Learned and Ingenuous Mr. Henry Foulis in his Preface to his History of the wicked Plots of our pretended Saints gives us this Account of himself As for the Author saith he whilst a School-boy he was too much sway'd to Presbytery and delighting in the Stories of our Times had none to peruse but May Vicars Ricraft and such-like partial Relators by which means believing with the ignorant all things in print to be true he was perswaded to encline to the wrong side But a little before his going to theVniversity lighting by chance upon Dr. Bates 's judicious Book Elenchus Motuum he found the Laws and true Government to be opposite to his former Readings and therein the Knavery and Jugling of their Opposers strange things which he had never heard of before Which with some other assistance so far prevail'd with him that in a short time he threw off Father Schism and ever since like little Loyal John in the Epitaph For the King and Church and Bloud-Royal He went as true as any Sun-Dial There are some others who have acknowledged to the World in print the benefit they and the Government received from this first Part. The Second Part was added by Dr. Bates after his late Majesties Restitution to inform the World of the manner of his Majesties Escape from Worcester and how things were carried till the deposition of Richard Cromwel wherein is an excellent account of the bloudy War in Ireland and the just Judgment of God upon the Scotch Covenanters for joyning with our English Parliamentarians upon pretence of setting up Presbytery here but indeed to inrich themselves the second time with the Spoils of England the effect of which was that Presbytery was ruined even in Scotland by O. C. and his victorious Independant Army and they lost at the same time all their Civil Priviledges and were treated till the Kings return as a conquered People by their fellow-Rebels The Third Part was written by one Dr. Tho. Skynner another Learned Physician to continue and bring down the Story and shew the Joy of our Nation at the Restitution of his late Majesty It is in the Original written in a florid stile and full of curious and ingenuous Reflections The Translations of all these have been managed with great care to make them both true to the Originals and delightful to the Reader onely the Translator thought fit to supply some Papers which are but hinted at or wholly omitted in the Author as the Treaty of the Isle of Wight in the First Part the Coronation-Oath in the Third and others And also when there are any Papers or Expressions mentioned to publish the original Papers and words when he could find them but when not he hath humoured the Translation as near the Latin as the sence of the Author and idiome of the two Languages would permit There is great hope that this short account of our late horrible Confusions here in England which is so acceptable in the Original to all Forreigners and Learned English-men may now translated be no less acceptable to all those who either cannot read the Latin or care not to give themselves so much trouble and that it may contribute something to the interest of the Government by forewarning men how they betake themselves to those courses again which produced such dreadful Effects heretofore A TABLE To the First Part. A. ACcusations against the Lord Keeper and Judges pag. 24 Army fall off from the Parliament and seize the King out of their possession 82. Seem to comply with the King ibid. but relapse 87. The Assembly set up Presbytery 57 B. Beginning of the Troubles 17 Bishops accused 24. Their Lands sold 59 C. Covenant and Solemn League 60. Its fruits 62 Courts several abrogated 28 Cromwel Oliver 77 E. Episcopacy abrogated 56 F. Fairfax Sir Thomas 77 Fasts the noted fore-runners of some mischief 134 H. High Court of Justice falsely so called its beginning and proceedings 139. and inf Hotham Sir John 38 I. Independents 61 71. and inf work the Presbyterians out of power 76 79 Intercessions for the King 142 Ireton's Remonstrance 133 Irish Rebellion its beginning 45 The Junto or Rump of the House of Commons 138 K. King Charles the First goes into Scotland 31. Goes to the House of Commons 34. Withdraws to Windsor and thence towards York 35. Goes to the Scots Army 65. Designed to be murdered 88. Escapes to the Isle of Wight 91. He is murdered 158. His excellent Character 161. Keepers of the Liberties or Council of Forty 166 L. Laud Archbishop 23 Lords House in Parliament abolished 163 M. Militia 33 36 41 Monarchy of England and the Rights thereof 1. Abolished by the Rebels 163. O. Oxford-Parliament 63 P. Parliaments what their Power and Customs 5. and inf Parliament-Factions 22. To sit as long as they please 30. Their scandalous Declaration 32. Their unreasonable Demands 39. Modelled by the Army 137. Peters Hugh 133 143 Prerogative abated 29 The Presbyterian Model 57 Prynn William 137 Q. Queen goes into Holland 35 R. Religion the pretence of the Rebellion 43 S. Scots Rebellion 20. They come into England 62. The King puts himself into their hands 65. They sell him 67. Take up Arms for the Kings deliverance 100. Are defeated 101. Sects and Sectaries
onely for conveniency but even for Ostentation and Luxury Trade increasing dayly both in compass and profit had already enlarged it self to both the Indies onely unhappy in this that with the Wealth of Strangers foreign Vices were also imported Arts of all sorts never look'd gayer in Colledges Courts and Shops nor were the wealthy Inhabitants ever prouder Justice was administred according to Law nor was any man deprived of Life or Goods but by the lawful Verdict of a Jury of his Country-men to whom these things ought to be of highest value all the parts of Government were so administred that they seemed to conspire together for the publick good save onely in this that they could not repress the insolency and wantonness that sprung from so great prosperity and which is not to be dissembled being long unaccustomed to War we had been unfortunate in some foreign expeditions and the people were incensed at some impositions at home which though very moderate and countenanced by publick necessity and good reason in Law yet gave occasion to the people to pretend that the Right and Property of the Subject was opprest and to outcries of Injustice and also the imprisonment and lopping off the ears of four or five seditious persons sentenced by the Judges of the Star-Chamber seemed to be punishments too severe for those halcyon days of Peace and Tranquillity To this may be added that the Jurisdiction and Censures of Spiritual Courts wrought pity in some and indignation in others Besides the muster of Malecontents was made greater by some scrupulous Puritans who interpreted the enjoyning of Ceremonies and things indifferent in the Worship of God in the Canons of the Church to be the Fore-runners of Popery We may also take along with us the Zeal of the Archbishop in exempting the Clergie from the Suits and Injuries of Laicks and preferring them to civil employments which drew a great deal of envy and ill will not onely upon himself but upon all the Church-men also as also his endeavouring to bring into the Church of Scotland the use of the Service-book of England which though his designe was laudable that these three neighbouring Nations being under the government of one and the same King might also be joyned in an uniform manner of Worship was yet unseasonable and ill timed as we shall a little more fully relate Matters in Scotland were then ripe for a Rebellion for many took it ill that the King denied them the Honours and Titles to which they aspired others were vexed that they were forced to part with some portion of the Tythes though but moderate which they had upon the dissolution of the Monasteries in the minority of King James obtained from the Crown for making a competent Stipend for Ministers who then served the Cures at what easie rates the Patrons were pleased to allow them but most could not digest that the absolute Authority which they had for a long time usurped over their Vassals and Tenants should be taken from them and annexed to the Crown These chusing rather to shake the State than quit their hold those again rather to get Titles of Honour by the seditious Acclamations of the Mobile than to want them took occasion of the Liturgie and Ceremonies to buz the people in the ear that the reformed Religion was to be overturned to make way for Popery so that having taken up Arms and born down all that were of a contrary opinion they new model Church and State according to their own humour The King resolving to reduce those by Arms whom he could not reclaim by the milder causes of admonition being accompanied by the Flower of the Youth and Nobility of England who voluntarily and at their own charge set out upon the expedition marches to the borders but having by clemency and concessions brought them over to obedience which he preferred before Hostility and Arms he condescended to Articles of Peace and disbanded his Army The Scots afterward insisting upon Articles different from those that were agreed upon occasion new Broils and Dissensions which when neither Commissioners Messengers nor mutual Letters could compose both sides prepare afresh for a new War On the Kings side the Earl of Strafford then Deputy of Ireland raised an Army of eight thousand men with the assistance of the Parliament of Ireland being to be paid by them and being come over again into England bestirs himself in raising another Army here A Parliament is called wherein a certain Courtier making bad use of his instructions did purposely as most believed that he might confound affairs and increase Animosities betwixt the King and Parliament somewhat haughtily demand twelve Subsidies when the House of Commons had offered six in lieu of the Ship-money and this raised new discontents and grievances for putting a stop to which in those troublesome times the Parliament was sooner dissolved than many could have wished In the mean time the Scots whose Forces were not so dispersed but that they might be speedily drawn together into a body nicking the opportunity and by Agents entring into a Combination with the factious of England under pretext of petitioning the King came in a hostile manner into England and having beat some Troops that guarded the passage of the River Tine put all into fear and consternation took Newcastle and other Towns unprovided for defence and fortified them And though Strafford with the new-raised Army under his command had undertaken to drive them out of the Kingdom yet the most merciful King chose rather to refer the matter to a Parliament than without publick consent to pollute the Kingdom with bloud and slaughter A Truce was therefore made whereby the Scots were allowed a free Trade and Commerce with liberty to raise Contributions in the Counties where they lay and so a Parliament was called by whose prudence and Loyalty it was hoped all roots and Fibres of Animosities might be extirpated The Parliament being met the Factious who in great numbers had got into the House of Commons trusting now to the Patronage of the Scots and the Disorders of the times set about their business manfully they represent Grievances both publick and private accuse Courtiers and Magistrates and dart obliquely reproaches against the King himself exaggerating all with the highest strains of their Rhetorick Under pretext of reforming these Abuses they labour to overturn both Church and State and in imitation of the Scots to new-model the Government and that by these steps If in the first place they could deprive the King of the Counsels and Assistance of his most faithful Subjects and by loading him with Reproaches and false Crimes render him odious to the People and strip him of all Power and Authority they would next screw themselves into publick Offices and the power of the Militia and then with absolute dominion give Laws both to the King and People The Earl of Strafford and
publick whilst the Parliament were at a stand wondering whither he might have fled his Majesty wrote to them sending therewith Concessions that were too easie and great to be expected or indeed to be wished for by any adding thereto invincible Arguments why he could not consent to the Proposals lately sent him by the Parliament He proposes his own Concessions and the Demands of the Army as a fit subject for a personal Treaty and for the sake of the People and Kingdom earnestly desires it being willing on his own part to condescend to any thing that by any means he might procure Peace and Tranquillity to his languishing Kingdoms The Republicans of both sorts as well they that were for a few as for a many-headed Commonwealth endeavouring by all means to put a stop to the Peace proposed and offered by the King take hereby occasion to oppose to his Majesties most just desires four unreasonable Demands as preliminary cautions which if his Majesty would consent to they promise to treat about the rest I. That the Parliament should have power to raise settle and maintain the Forces by Sea and Land within the Kingdoms of England and Ireland c. without the Kings consent it being declared High-Treason for any others to the number of thirty to meet together without the authority of Parliament II. That it should be lawful to the two Houses to sit and adjourn themselves when and where they pleased III. That all Oaths Declarations Proclamations and other proceedings against either House of Parliament during the War should be declared void and null IV. That all Titles and Honour of Peerage conferred on any by the King since his Majesty left the Parliament and since the great Seal was carried away should he declared void All these things they demand that the King would consent might be past into Law if not that things must remain as they were In the mean time the Scottish Commissioners who were then at London give in their Reasons in writing against these Demands and when nevertheless they saw that they were sent to the King they protest against them in his Majesties presence as being flatly opposite to Religion the Crown and the Agreements made betwixt the Kingdoms of England and Scotland What can the King do to get out of these streights If he grant the Demands he voluntarily resignes up the Government and if he refuse he must be deposed with the ignominious brand of Obstinacy The King though wanted neither greatness of Soul nor Wisdom and therefore sends presently back an Answer That the necessity of complying with all engaged interests in these great distempers for a perfect settlement of Peace his Majesty finds to be none of the least difficulties he hath met with since the time of his afflictions which is too visible when at the same time that the two Houses of the English Parliament do present to his Majesty several Bills and Propositions for his consent the Commissioners for Scotland do openly protest against them so that were nothing in the case but the consideration of that difference his Majesty cannot imagine how to give such an answer to what is now proposed as thereby to promise himself his great end A Perfect Peace And when his Majesty farther considers how impossible it is in the condition he now stands to fulfil the desires of his two Houses since the onely ancient and known ways of passing Laws are either by his Majesties personal assent in the House of Peers or by Commission under his great Seal of England he cannot but wonder at such failings in the manner of address which is now made unto him unless his two Houses intend that his Majesty shall allow of a great Seal made without his authority before there be any consideration had thereupon in a Treaty which as it may hereafter hazard the security it self so for the present it seems very unreasonable to his Majesty And though his Majesty is willing to believe that the intention of very many of both Houses in sending those Bills before a Treaty was onely to obtain a Trust from him and not to take any advantage by passing them to force other things from him which are either against his conscience or honour yet his Majesty believes it's clear to all understandings that these Bills contain as they are now penned not onely the divesting himself of all Soveraignty and that without possibility of recovering it either to him or his Successors except by repeal of these Bills but also the making his Concessions guilty of the greatest pressures that can be made upon the Subject as in other particulars so by giving an arbitrary and unlimited power to the two Houses for ever to raise and levy for Land and Sea-service of what persons without distinction and quality and to what numbers they please and likewise for the payment of the Arrears to levy what moneys in such sort and by such ways and means and by consequence upon the Estates of whatsoever persons as they shall think fit and appoint which is utterly inconsistent with the Liberty and Property of the Subject and his Majesties trust in protecting them so that if the major part of both Houses shall think it necessary to put the rest of the Propositions into Bills his Majesty leaves the world to judge how unsafe it would be for him to consent thereunto and if not what a strange condition after passing those four Bills his Majesty and all his Subjects would be cast into And here his Majesty thinks it not unfit to wish his two Houses to consider well of the manner of their proceeding that when his Majesty desires a personal Treaty with them for the setling of a Peace they in answer propose the very subject matter of the most essential part thereof to be first granted a thing which will be hardly credible to Posterity Wherefore his Majesty declares that neither the desire of being freed from this tedious and irksome condition of life his Majesty hath so long suffered nor the apprehension of what shall befal him in case his two Houses shall not afford him a personal Treaty shall make him change his resolution of not consenting to any Act till the whole be concluded Yet then he intends not onely to give full and reasonable satisfaction in the particulars presented to him but also to make good all other Concessions mentioned in his Message of the 16th of Novemb. last which he thought would have produced better effects than what he finds in the Bills and Propositions now presented unto him And yet his Majesty cannot give over but now again earnestly presseth for a personal Treaty so passionately is he affected with the advantages which Peace will bring to his Majesty and all his Subjects of which he will not at all despair there being no other visible way to obtain a well-grounded Peace However his Majesty is very much at ease within himself for having fulfilled the offices
be a sufficient Conviction of Popish Recuâ—ancy An Act or Acts of Parliament for Education of the Children of Papists by Protestants in the Protestant Religion VIII An Act or Acts for the true Levie of the Penalties against them which Penalties to be levied and disposed in such manner as both Houses shall agree on wherein to be provided that his Majesty shall have no loss IX That an Act or Acts be passed in Parliament whereby the practices of Papists against the State may be prevented and the Laws against them duly executed and a stricter course taken to prevent the Saying or Hearing of Mass in the Court or any other part of this Kingdom or the Kingdom of Ireland The like for the Kingdom of Scotland concerning the four last preceding Propositions in such manner as the Estates of the Parliament there shall think fit X. That the King do give his Royal assent to an Act for the due observation of the Lords Day XI And to the Bill for the suppression of Innovasions in Churches and Chappels in and about the Worship of God XII And for the better advancement of the preaching of Gods holy Word in all parts of this Kingdom XIII And to the Bill against the enjoying the pluralities of Benefices by Spiritual Persons and Non-Residency XIV And to an Act to be framed and agreed upon by both Houses of Parliament for the reforming and regulating of both Universities of the Colledges of Westminster Winchester and Eaton XV. And to such Act or Acts for raising of Moneys for the payment and satisfying of the publick Debts and Damages of the Kingdom and other publick uses as shall hereafter be agreed on by both Houses of Parliament and that if the King do not give his Assent thereunto then it being done by both Houses of Parliament the same shall be as valid to all intents and purposes as if the Royal Assent had been given thereunto The like for the Kingdom of Scotland And that his Majesty give assurance of his consenting in the Parliament of Scotland to an Act acknowledging and ratifying the Acts of the Convention of Estates of Scotland called by the Council and Conservers of the Peace and the Commissioners for the common Burthens and assembled the two and twentieth day of June 1643. and several times continued since and of the Parliament of that Kingdom since convened XVI That the Lords and Commons in the Parliament of England assembled shall during the space of twenty years from the first of July 1646. arm train and discipline or cause to be armed trained and disciplined all the Forces of the Kingdoms of England and Ireland and Dominion of Wales the Isles of Guernsey and Jersey and the Town of Barwick upon Tweed already raised both for Sea and Land-service and shall from time to time during the said space of twenty years raise levy arm train and discipline or cause to be raised levied armed trained and disciplined any other Forces for Land and Sea-service in the Kingdoms Dominions and places aforesaid as in their Judgments they shall from time to time during the said space of twenty years think fit and appoint and that neither the the King his Heirs or Successors nor any other but such as shall act by the authority or approbation of the said Lords and Commons shall during the said space of twenty years exercise any of the Powers aforesaid And the like for the Kingdom of Scotland if the Estates of the Parliament there shall think fit That Moneys be raised and levied for the maintenance and use of the said Forces for Land-service and of the Navy and Forces for Sea-service in such sort and by such ways and means as the said Lords Commons shall from time to time during the said space of twenty years think fit and appoint and not otherwise That all the said Forces both for Land and Sea-service so raised or levied or to be raised or levied and also the Admiralty and Navy shall from time to time during the said space of twenty years be employed managed ordered and disposed by the said Lords and Commons in such sort and by such ways and means as they shall think fit and appoint and not otherwise And the said Lords and Commons during the said space of twenty years shall have power 1. To suppress all Forces raised or to be raised without authority and consent of the said Lords and Commons to the disturbance of the publick Peace of the Kingdoms of England and Ireland and Dominion of Wales the Isles of Guernsey and Jersey and the Town of Barwick upon Tweed or any of them 2. To suppress any foreign Forces who shall invade or endeavour to invade the Kingdoms of England and Ireland Dominion of Wales the Isles of Guernsey and Jersey and the Town of Barwick upon Tweed or any of them 3. To conjoyn such Forces of the Kingdom of England with the Forces of the Kingdom of Scotland as the said Lords and Commons shall from time to time during the said space of twenty years judge fit and necessary To resist all foreign Invasions and to suppress any Forces raised or to be raised against or within either of the said Kingdoms to the disturbance of the publick Peace of the said Kingdoms or any of them by any authority under the Great Seal or other Warrant whatsoever without consent of the said Lords and Commons of the Parliament of England and the Parliament or the Estates of the Parliament of Scotland respectively And that no Forces of either Kingdom shall go into or continue in the other Kingdom without the advice and desire of the said Lords and Commons of the Parliament of England and the Parliament of the Kingdom of Scotland or such as shall be by them appointed for that purpose And that after the expiration of the said twenty years neither the King his Heirs or Successors or any person or persons by colour or pretence of any Commission Power Deputation or Authority to be derived from the King his Heirs or Successors or any of them shall raise arm train discipline employ order mannage disband or dispose any of the Forces by Sea or Land of the Kingdoms of England and Ireland the Dominion of Wales Isles of Guernsey and Jersey and the Town of Barwick upon Tweed Nor exercise any of the said Powers or Authorities in the precedent Articles mentioned and expressed to be during the said space of twenty years in the said Lords and Commons Nor do any act or thing concerning the execution of the said Powers or Authorities or any of them without the consent of the said Lords and Commons first had and obtained That after the expiration of the said twenty years in all cases wherein the Lords and Commons shall declare the safety of the Kingdom to be concerned and shall thereupon pass any Bill or Bills for the raising arming training disciplining employing mannaging ordering or disposing of the Forces by Sea or Land of the Kingdoms
and France as being divided at home and many of them had the confidence openly to glory that they would break that Yoke wherewith the Kings of the Earth oppress the People Nor truly could any man have told where the fierceness of this Scourge would have ended and where that Floud would have spent it self unless the divine Majesty which hath hollowed a channel for the Sea set bounds and limits to it and said Hither shalt thou come and no further had not opposed the over-swelling pride of these Waters and commanded his Angel to sound the Retreat A Chronological INDEX FOR This First Part. Old Stile MDCXXV KIng James being dead CHARLES the First succeeds King of Great Britain He marries Henrietta Maria Sister to Louis XIII King of France MDCXXV VI VII VIII The King calls three Parliaments and little or nothing done as often dissolves them MDCXXX Prince CHARLES is born MDCXXXIII James Duke of York is born MDCXXXVII Prin Burton Bastwick having lost their ears are put in prison The Scots grow rebellious MDCXXXIX The King meets the Scots intending to invade England but having made a Pacification disbands his Army MDCXL The Stirs of the Scots occasioned the Kings calling of a Parliament at Westminster which was dissolved without any success So the Scots invade England and take Newcastle The King marches against them but having made a Truce calls a Parliament at Westminster The Parliament meets and under pretext of Reformation put all into Confusion Thomas Wentworth Earl of Strafford Deputy of Ireland and William Laud Archbishop of Canterbury are accused MDCXI The Deputy of Ireland condemned by a Law made for the purpose is beheaded The King also by Act of Parliament grants That the Parliament shall not be dissolved without the consent of both Houses William of Nassaw Son to Frederick Prince of Orange is married to Mary Daughter to K. Charles The Scots full of money return into their own Country The King follows them into Scotland The Irish conspire against the English and cruelly fall upon them The King returns to London from Scotland A Remonstrance of the Lower House offered to the King MDCXLI MDCXLII The King accuses five Commoners and one Lord of High-Treason The King goes into the House of Commons The King withdraws from London Sends a Pacificatory Letter to the Parliament Sends the Queen into Holland with her Daughter He himself goes towards York Sir John Hotham shuts the Gates of Hull against the King Vnjust Propositions of Peace are made by the Parliament to the King The Parliament raising an Army the King at length sets up his Standard at Nottingham Both Armies engage at Edge-hill and both challenge the Victory MDCXLIII A Treaty of Peace appointed at Oxford comes to nothing The Earl of Newcastle gets the better of Fairsax Commander of the Rebels in the North. In the West Waller a Commander of the Rebels is routed by the Kings Party Prince Rupert taketh Bristol Maurice his Brother takes Exeter In the mean time the King himself besieges Gloucester Essex General of the Rebels relieves Gloucester The King meets Essex upon his return and fights him at Nubury The English Rebels put to a streight call in the Scots and take the Covenant The King therefore makes a Truce with the Irish for a year MDCXLIII IV. James Marquess of Hamilton is committed to prison The Scots again enter England The King holds a Parliament at Oxford The Earl of Montross is sent Commissioner into Scotland Essex and Waller Generals of the Rebels march towards Oxford The King defeats Waller at Cropredian-bridge Then pursues Essex into the West The Scots in the mean time joyned with the English defeat the Cavaliers at Marston-moore And then take York by surrender In the West the King breaks all Essex his Forces Vpon his return he is met by Manchester at Newbury where they fight a second time Alexander Carey is beheaded MDCXLIV V. Hotham the Father and Son are beheaded William Laud Archbishop of Canterbury is beheaded Macquire an Irish Lord is hanged The Treaty of Peace at Uxbridge comes to nothing Fairfax General of the Parliament Forces defeats the King at Naseby Henceforward all by degrees fell into the hands of the Parliament MDCXLVI The King having in vain tried the English departing privately from Oxford commits himself into the hands of the Scots Fairfax takes Oxford by composition Robert Earl of Essex dies MDCXLVI VII The Scots sell the King to the English and return fraighted with Money The King is made close Prisoner in Holdenby-Castle The Marquess of Ormond Lord Lieutenant of Ireland delivers up Dublin to the English The Army take the King out of Prison And march against the Parliament The Speakers of both Houses with fifty other Members flie to the Camp The Souldiers attend the Members that fled to West-minster Vnjust Conditions of Peace are proposed to the King at Hampton-court The King makes his escape to the Isle of Wight From thence writing Pacificatory Letters they propose to him four Demands as preliminary to a Conference The King is made close Prisoner MDCXLVII VIII The Parliament votes no more Addresses to the King The Counties everywhere stir the Kentish Essex-men and some others take up Arms. The Duke of Buckingham Francis his Brother and Earl of Holland in vain take up Arms. The Fleet comes over to the Prince of Wales The Scots commanded by Duke Hamilton advance into England They are defeated by Cromwel and Hamilton taken Fairfax takes Colchester upon surrender Rainsborough a Commander of the Parliament Army killed at Duncaster A Conference appointed with the King in the Isle of Wight The Marquess of Ormond returns Lord Lieutenant into Ireland The Remonstrance of Ireton is approved in a Council of War And is presented to the Parliament in name of the Army and People of England The King is carried from the Isle of Wight to Hurst-Castle Nevertheless the Parliament votes That the Kings Concessions are a sufficient ground for a Peace Many Parliament-men are made Prisoners by the Souldiers MDCXLVIII IX The rest amongst other and unheard things vote That all Power is originally in the People Then That the King himself is to be brought to a tryal The King therefore is brought to the Bar. The King is brought a fourth time and condemned CHARLES the best of Kings by unparallel'd Villany is beheaded James Duke of Hamilton Henry Earl of Holland and the generous Arthur Lord Capel are beheaded Lastly Monarchy it felf is abolished by the Regicides The Act is proclaimed by the mock-Mayor of London
The Democratical Republicans stirring in Arms are routed Solemn Thanksgivings appointed for the Victory and the Conquerours feasted by the Londoners MDCL The Lady Elizabeth Daughter of Charles the Martyr dies in her Fathers Prison FINIS A short HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE Rise and Progress OF THE Late Troubles IN ENGLAND AND ALSO Of the KING's Miraculous Escape after the Battel at Worcester The Second Part. NOW are the Cruel Regicides Masters of England but of England alone The Scots were in suspence not being as yet fully resolved whether they should settle Charles the Second in his Fathers Throne or usurping the Soveraignty should Govern Scotland as a Common-wealth themselves Ireland almost entirely for the King was ready utterly to shake off the Yoke of the Mock Parliament The Islands belonging to England not only the adjacent as Jersey Man and Silly but the more remote also in America to wit Bermudos the Caribbe Islands Virginia and New-England upon the Continent which had been heretofore planted with English Colonies refuse to obey the Usurpers Ireland was to be the first Seat of War shortly to be subdued whilst the Scots were for some time left to themselves They think it enough at present to discharge all Trading with the Islands and Plantations that no Sugar Indico Tobacco and Cotton should be from thence imported into England nor any Cloaths and other necessary Provisions for Life be transported from England thither hoping by this Fetch that either being glutted with their own Commodities or at least pinched through the want of ours they would be forced to comply Nor was it doubted but some time or other as occasion offered they would bring them under the Yoke Now there was one thing mainly necessary for their future Designs which as they were pleased to flatter themselves was easie to be obtained The Friendship and Alliance of no Nation nor People seemed more commodious and necessary to them than that of the Dutch both in respect of Neighbourhood and Situation of the Country and of the Humour and Inclination of the People nor did they want a pretext of making application to them For Strikland who from the beginning of the Troubles had been Ambassadour or Envoy with the States of the Vnited Provinces being kindly treated by them They thought fit to send over Dorislaus who had had a chief hand in framing the Kings Indictment as their Ambassadour to Complement and Thank them in their Name assure them of mutual good Offices justifie to them by Reasons their Proceedings against the King and to colour the Villany by the specious Authority of what Laws he could scrape together Besides he had it in Instructions if he found it convenient to let fall some mention of a Coalition or Conjunction and to offer and press it seeing if it could be effected by the Consent of both Nations they might laugh at all Designs and Attempts of Foreigners and share betwixt themselves the Trade of the whole World But that Negotiation proved unsuccessful the Prince of Orange being Stat-holder and the People detested the Murder of the King Some Scots also who though at a distance had speedy notice of his Arrival entering his Lodgings before he had had Audience with many Wounds killed Dorislaus and made their escape before they could be apprehended Thus the shedding of Royal Blood is punished by Bloody hands and by the just Judgment of God whatever may be the Injustice of Men the Crime is brought home to the Author The Regicides often demanded of the States Reparation for the Fact but without any success But the Democratical Party in England managing things now somewhat more cautiously laid not aside their discontents Walwin Prince Lilburn Overton and others of that Gang prefer a Petition to the Rump Parliament wherein they propose many good things which might be useful to the Publick mingling with them Reproaches that were not altogether false For which they were committed to Prison there to lye by it till the fierceness of their tempers were allayed Nevertheless the private Souldiers of Ingoldsby's Regiment grow Seditious at Oxford under pretence of Petitioning That the Rump-Parliament might be dissolved a lawful Representative chosen in place of it that the Laws might be rendered into the vulgar Language and those that were superfluous abolished that there might be a Register kept of all Mens Lands and Estates that every one might know what Title they had to what they possessed that the Excise and all unlawful Exactions might be abolished To which they added over and above to increase their Party not that they repented for the Kings Murder that Charles the Second might be chief Magistrate of the Kingdom But the Collonel hastening thither and having caused some few to be shot to death by a timely remedy stifled the Tumult in the Birth Yet from these Embers a new Flame broke out for some Officers in Fairfax his Army present a smarter Petition to the same purpose though in different words To the former they add That the Tithes being abolished or converted to another use the Ministers might have more certain Stipends that the publick Money might be more sparingly distributed amongst the Parliament Men and that the Souldiers should have their pay The Rump-Parliament durst not slight this but gives them good words and being conscious to themselves how often they by Declarations had promised and how many times they had been reproached with unfaithfulness and breach of Promise they set apart a day weekly for deliberating about these Proposals First Concerning the Government and Representative where having examined and considered the Nature of all States and Republicks from that of Rome even to Ragusa they pretend to search out a kind of Government which might be best and most suitable for England But they could find none that was exquisit enough nor that seemed adapted to the Genius of this People And so like Penelope weaving and unweaving their Web they put off the time until the matter might be forgotten or something of greater moment intervene I know not whether it be worth the while here to mention the Prohibition made by the French at that time of any Trade with us in Wollen and Linen Manufacture which drew from the Regicides a reciprocal Prohibition that no Wine nor Silk Stuffs should from thence be Imported into England It was likewise to our advantage Ordered in Flanders that no Ships nor Goods taken by Privateers should be Condemned or Sold in their Harbours But it is worth taking notice of that a severer Inquisition was appointed against the Ministers all England over under pretext of Reforming the Church and introducing the Orthodox Religion and all were cruelly persecuted not only they who stuck close to the Doctrine and Discipline of the Church of England but even they who wished well to it or had any Conversation with Men of
and the suspicion of a sudden Insurrection again amongst the Irish because they parted so easily with their Inheritances is laid at their door as a ruine We purposely pass by matters of less importance least what we are about by the by should swell up to too vast a bulk The Officers of the Army what by craft and what by force turning Richard out of the Supream Power and the Rump-Parliament after five years interment being raised again from the dead the eyes of all are fixed upon Henry It was thought by some that he would defend his own Authority and vindicate that of his Brother Others hoped that he would favour the Royal Cause and so make his interest with the King the Navy especially giving no obscure marks of their inclination and the Army and Kingdom of Ireland being ready enough to promote such an Enterprize Nor dare I swear that he entertain'd no such Projects But the Lord Broghill and Coot deserting him in dubious Affairs and Steel and Tomlinson old Commissioners managing and Waller and Corbet new ones continually solliciting him he at length resigns himself to the Will and Pleasure of the Rump-Parliament and returns into England there to give an account of his administration Hitherto we have dwelt in Ireland that without interruption we might give the Reader an account of the Affairs of that Kingdom Now bringing our discourse back to former years we must return to the Democratical Republicans who after the murder of the King swayed Affairs in England under the Olygarchicks These being upstarts promoted for the most part men of their own Edition to places of honour and profit Which the Londoners took so ill that the Mayor and Aldermen came and petitioned the Rump-Parliament that the cheif Citizens or that some of them at least might be again admitted into the common Council of the City These were about three hundred whom either age or wealth at least recommended But the year before the Rump-Parliament had turned a great many of them out and judged them unworthy of carrying any office in the City for no other reason but because they had signed the Petition making Peace with the King which the greater and sounder part of the Parliament were also for But that desire of the Mayor and Aldermen though they seriously alledged the want of ingenious and honest men of moderate Estates for discharging the offices of the City is rejected with contempt nor would they have any but the Riff Raff and inconsiderable rable to manage Publick Affairs as being such who measured good and evil according to the will and pleasure of their Masters Whil'st these things are carried on at London CHARLES the Second was not asleep nor did he neglect his Affairs though the Regicides carried all before them in England but moves every stone and leaves nothing unessayd that the wit and power of man could devise or execrate for resetling the undone Nations asserting the publick Liberty and the Regicide being revenged recovering his ancient Inheritance He implores the assistance of Foreign Kings and Princes who are all equally concerned according to the Supream Power they have received from God and their common duty to give Sanctuary to the oppressed but especially to Kings whom above all men living they ought to protect not only upon the account of Kindred and Cognation but also for fear of Contagion least the horrid example of Rebellion might have an influence upon their own Subjects that if perchance they should be reduced to the like streights they might likewise obtain the like help and assistance He sends Ambassadours to the Emperour and German Princes to the Grand Signior the great Duke of Moscovie the Kings of Poland Denmark and Sweden to the republick of Venice and the States General of the united Provinces He sends into Spain from whence he had the greatest expectation the Lord Edward Hide who had formerly been Lord cheif Baron of the Exchequer and was afterwards Lord Chancellor and Earl of Clarendon whose Iuvenile and vegete wit might put life into the aged head of Cottington In France besides a particular Ambassadour the Queen Mother and Duke of York were there and the King himself to sollicite his own affairs But alass almost every where unsuccessfully the distance of place hindering the aid of some and either the want of money domestick seditions or dangers from neigbours obstructing the assistances of others None are touched with the sence or pity of the Calamities of another The Ottoman Court dealt barbarously in that for a little money they delivered up the Ambassadour Henry Hide a most accomplished Gentleman into the hands of the Rump-Parliament who being brought over into England for his unshaken Loyalty without any pretext of ancient Law he was beheaded before the Royal Exchange in London France with promises gives hope of large assistance so long as they could procure any help from the Subjects of the King of England especially from James Duke of YORK who commanding the English and Irish that served the French in Flanders had given many Noble and Illustrious proofs of his Heroick Valour and Courage Until that Blake had beaten the French Fleet under the Command of the Duke of Vendosme which came to the relief of Dunkirk at that time besieged by the Spaniards Then they sent Burdex to treat of peace at London whil'st the Regicides expected no less than a declaration of War And having afterwards entred into a strict allyance they inwardly rejoyced that the Kings Majesty was deluded and no small stop put to the fury of the Rebels The Spaniard seemed to be grieved at the Kings Murder but excused himself that it did not belong to him to determine about the controversies of England nor did he take pleasure to meddle in other Peoples Affairs out of his own Terrritories but that in the mean time he should be ready to do the King all the kindness he could within his Countries Nevertheless not long after Ascham being killed which I shall shortly relate he was the first King who Commanded his Hedge Ambassadour Don Alonso de Cardenas to Worship the rising sun of the Common-wealth wish the Parrcides all happiness intreat the continuance of Friendship and good Correspondence betwixt his Kingdomes and the New Common-wealth and promised severely to punish the Wicked Murderers of Ascham Now there are some not obscure Reasons why the great Mind of so Wise a King was by so unexpected a change that rather discovered than altered his Inclinations brought over to the contrary side For besides Ancient and Paternal enmities with Queen Elizabeth Philip himself had particular Quarrels against Charles It wounded him deep that his Sister being courted in Marriage even so far as to have had an interview and conference with her she should afterwards be slighted for a Daughter of France though a Princess of extraordinary Worth Besides the old offence
only are bound by the Religion of Treaties and Agreements but the Scots not at all Let them pretend their League and Covenant but withal let them consider that therein Religion and the Liberty of the Subject is in the first place to be secured and that the honour and defence of the King is designed but in the second place and in order to the former since therefore these two thwart one another it is but just that that which is last and morâ— ignoble be dispenced with As to what concerns the establishment of Presbytery it was not certainly the intention of the Covenant by force of Arms to impose it upon people whether they would or not unless it could be made out by Holy Scripture and Arguments of sound reason to which they themselves were ready to subscribe Afterwards they profess in the Name of God and with bowels full of love and compassion That it would be their greatest joy if without Arms they might obtain satisfaction and security This they cause to be dispersed among the Scots that came to Market to Berwick thereby to wheedle them and create a good Opinion of themselves and stir up Factions among the People Cromwell also gives the Scots sweet words having published a Declaration and caused it by his Agents to be dispersed through Scotland Wherein he bids the honest Inhabitants through whose Countries the Army was to march to be of good courage he having no quarrel with them and not to depart from their Houses it being his intention to do injury to no man but rather to protect all He moreover puts them in mind of the modesty and good discipline of the Souldiers whereof they themselves were eye witnesses when he pursued Duke Hamilton 's men into the heart of the Kingdom telling them that from that was past they should make a Judgment of what was to come That he took to heart all the concerns of good men and that now he drew his Sword against the Authors of wrongs who had lately polluted both England and Scotland with Blood and Slaughter and who would involve them into new Miseries having admitted into their bosom the King an open favourer of wickedness But he sings to the deaf they being now sufficiently acquainted with his tricks and fallacies For the Inhabitants flying with what Goods they could carry with them betook themselves to places of more security nor was there a bit of Victuals to be found in that Country but what was brought in the Ships that waited upon the Coast About the end of June one thousand six hundred and fifty after four days march in the Enemies Country he came to Musselbrough within a few miles of Edenborrough with five thousand five hundred Horse eleven thousand Foot sixteen field pieces and all sorts of warlike Provisions In the mean time the Scots were not idle but having levied an Army under the Command of Old Leslie with much expedition part of the Forces were encamped and strongly entrenched betwixt Leeth and Edenburrough To whose assistance flocked daily Souldiers raised in all parts who had taken the Covenant and neither served under Montross nor Hamilton No respect in the mean time was had to the King who was left at St. Johnston upon pretext that he had not spent time enough in Prayers and the Works of Mortification for receiving the mold and impression of Presbytery Cromwell afterward draws up his Army in Battalia within a mile of the Scottish Camp and took the Field that he might provoke them to come to Battel But the Scots not inclining to come to an Engagement he went up to Arthurs seat near Edenburrough that he might view the Enemy and consider whether he had not best to fall into their Camp whil'st his Forces were as yet in good plight and the Scots not altogether well prepared But the Officers disswaded him from that enterprise as being full of danger if not also rash Wherefore perceiving that no good was to be done that way he marches towards Musselbrough to refresh his Souldiers leaving a Guard behind that might keep the Enemy in play if perchance they might charge him in the Reer And indeed they did so and beat and put that party to flight pursuing them until Lambert with another Body of men put a stop to their Victory though he received two wounds Many were killed in that Engagement which nevertheless was but as a prelude to the Slaughter of the night following For Straughan had undertaken with fifteen hundred Horse raised by the Clergy to have Cromwell either alive or dead For that end Prayers were poured forth in the Churches and the Ministers roaring from the Pulpits implored nay I had almost said commanded the Victory As if God Almighty had been obliged in duty by all means to assist his own Saints purged from the leaven of Malignancy and joyned to himself by Covenant against King-killing Hereticks and Sectarians In the mean time Straughan falls in suddenly and briskly upon the Cromwellians and puts their Out-Guards into Disorder but with no happy success for the Enemy coming up in Bodies one after another beat off the Black-Coat men and pursued them even to the Camp Straughan himself having been dismounted and with much ado escaping into the Town The flying and consternation was so great that the Pursuers had almost entered the Enemies Camp had not the Kings Majesty who came that morning been happily there For he causing the Cannon to be turned against the Fugitives threatned to Fire upon them if they rallied not and drew up again in order under the protection of the Guns of the Camp that so the Troops one after another might be received into the Camp His Majesty lay in his Cloaths all that night upon the ground without a wink of sleep but the Souldiers next morning being sensible from what danger he had delivered the Army and how much he had deserved at their hands had C. R. marked with a Coal or Match some upon their Hats and Caps and others on their Coats as a badge of their gratitude The Council of War was very angry at these things and the Ministers coming earnestly beg of him that he would withdraw and not expose himself to the dangers of War They pretend to be in Covenant with God as no King was and that That Life which was to be preferred before the Lives of ten thousand private Souldiers was not to be exposed to the Enemy with many things of that nature But the King obstinately refusing and judging it unworthy that he who swayed the Royal Scepter and wore the Crown should fear Wounds or shun the shedding of his Blood for his Subjects The Commanders also come and intercede with him They beseech urge and at length not obscurely threaten that if he would not he might shift for himself and if he desired not to meet with worse usage he would remove to some other place
place standing in the middle of the Forth leaving behind them sixteen piece of Cannon and Blackness Brantiland also on the other side of the Frith over against Leeth surrenders no less disgracefully delivering up the Guns Ammunition and Ships Cromwell being informed of these successes would not lose time by waiting the motions of the King's Army Wherefore he passed over to Brantiland whence sending Whaley to take in the smaller Garrisons which lay upon the Coast of Fiffe he himself marches towards St. Johnston which the King had entrusted to the defence of the Lord Duffus with twelve hundred men though to no purpose For Cromwell having drained the water out of the Mote and Ditches and battering the Walls with his Cannon forces a surrender of the place Cromwell being now at a great distance from Sterling and wholely taken up about these matters the King having given the best Orders he could about the Affairs of Scotland sets out upon his march into England that in that Kingdom of his he might try his fate which had been very cross to him in the other Therefore on the last of July one thousand six hundred fifty one at Carlisle he enters England with about fourteen thousand men Horse and Foot But the Soldiers march with so much hardship and so severe discipline that hardly any Age hath seen the like so that from Carlisle to Worcester about two hundred Miles distant from one another no man much less any house received the least injury if you 'l except the breaking of one Orchard and the taking of four or five Apples for which notwithstanding the Soldier that committed it was presently shot to Death In all places on their march the Garrisons are summoned in the Kings name to surrender but without any success And in the more eminent places by Heralds CHARLES the Second is proclaimed King of England Scotland France and Ireland the people in the mean while being in great Consternation So soon as the news of this expedition was by Post brought to the Rump-Parliament and the report flying that the King having mounted his Soldiers on Horses which he found upon the Rode hastened his March towards London as it is common to fear to make dangers far greater than they are such Horror and Consternation invaded the minds of the Parricides and Rebels that in despair they began to cast about for lurking holes and places of escape and accused Cromwell of rashness and precipitancy Until they had notice that the King had diverted to Worcester and received fresh comforts from Cromwell's Letters who bad them be of good cheer and use their utmost force to obviat that last danger and wholely destroy the Enemy Harrison on the left hand with three thousand Horse waited the motion of the King's Army being for that end left behind on the Borders of England after followed Lambert with two thousand both as occasion offered harassing and hindering them in their March At Warrington Bridge they made the chiefest attempt to hinder the King's Forces to pass it But before the Bridge could be cut Lambert's men being engaged and forced to retreat the Scots get over And now leaving London Rode they resolve to rest at Worcester a City scituated upon the Savern from whence they hoped to receive succours from Wales and make great levies in Glocester and Oxford shires by the means of Muffey who heretofore had with reputation been Governour of Glocester for the Parliament Thither therefore they march and having met with one repulse from some of the Paliament Souldiers that were there by chance they possess the City but were much weakened and impaired in strength by the tediousness and length of the march From hence the Kings Majesty by Letters invites the Lord Mayor and Common-Council of London to Arm for his Defence and for their own just Liberties promising Pardon to all for what was past except the Murderers of his Father But these Letters are burnt at the Royal Exchange by the Hand of the Common Hangman a Copie of them is also burnt by the Hand of the Speaker Lental at a general Muster of the Trained-bands of London in Moor-fields The King presently after his arrival in Pitchford-field near Worcester by Proclamation Commands all from sixteen to sixty years of Age according to the Ancient Laws of the Kingdom to come to his Assistance In obedience to that Proclamation shortly after Francis Lord Talbot eldest Son of the Earl of Shreusbury with sixty Horse Thomas Hornihold with fourty John Mashburn with fourty John Parkinton Walter Blunt Ralph Clair and many more both Knights and Esquires besides two thousand common People come in this desperate State of Affairs to hazard their Lives in the Kings Service The conjunction of these makes in all fourteen thousand two thousand Scots either for fear or because of the tediousness of the March having dropt off by the way Why more did not come into the Kings Camp any Man may guess at the reason of it to wit That the late suppression of the Insurrection of the Welsh Londoners and Norfolk and Suffolk Men and the cruelty of the Rump-Parliament in punishing the fruitless attempts of rising run in all Peoples Minds Besides the sudden and unexpected coming of the King gave no truce to the well affected of animating one another and of associating for his Service Nor lastly could the injuries done by the Scots not long before in England be got out of the Minds of the English it seeming much the same to them whether they suffered Bondage under the Tyranny of their Countrey-men or the Insolence of the Scots And above all we are to consider the great diligence of the Republicans of both sorts in stirring up the Countries encreasing their Forces and in observing and suppressing those who were Loyal to the King Cromwell who left Monck in Scotland with Eight thousand Men to carry on his Victories there being now come back into England animates with new Vigour the Forces of the Rebel-Parricides and presently joyning his Men with Lambert Harrison Gray and Fleetwood and those who from all parts came flocking in partly voluntarily and partly by compulsion he made up an Army if some be not mistaken in their reckoning of fourscore thousand Men and more whom he posts round the City of Worcester But the brave though unfortunate attempts of the Earl of Derby which happened about that time are not to be past over in silence He with a small handful of two hundred and fifty Men from his own Isle of Man arrived at a little Town in Lancashire and in that Countrey raised almost fifâ—n hundred Men with whom he marches to â—chester there to joyn five hundred more bâ— to his misfortune he met with Lilburn a Colonel of the Rump-Parliament Forces with sixteen hundred Men. For coming presently to blow up the Town of Wigan after a smart conflict the
this Honourable Assembly to remedy all these Disorders shewed That the Wars with Portugal France and the Dutch do and did eat up the Assessments That swarms of Jesuits are crept in to make Divisions which were grown so wide that nothing but his Government could remedy them And let Men say what they will he could speak it with comfort before a Greater than any of them Then he shewed what he had done during his Government First his Endeavours of reforming the Laws having joyned all Parties to assist in that great Work Next his filling the Benches with the Ablest Lawyers Then his Regulation of the Court of Chancery and his Darling Ordinance for the Approbation of Ministers which hindred all that list from invading the Ministry by Men of both Persuasions Presbyterians and Independents c. And lastly his being Instrumental to call a Free Parliament which he valued and would keep it so above his Life Then he shewed the Advantage of the Peace with the Dutch Dane and Suede and the Protestant Interest which he would have them improve and intend chiefly That they were now upon the Edge of Canaan That he spoke not as their Lord but their Fellow-servant And then bad them go and chuse their Speaker Cromwell having spoken to this effect the Members without returning him Thanks as is usual went to the House Lenthall being again chosen Speaker they fall first upon the New Instrument of Government all the Clauses and Articles whereof they thorowly sift and examine The Officers of the Army who were Privy-Counsellors and all who depended on Cromwell vigorusly oppose that saying That that Instrument was to be taken for the Basis and Foundation of the Government no ways to be called in question since by the Authority thereof the Parliament met and that it would be contrary to the Dictates of Natural Reason to bring it to a Trial. Nay many and particularly Lambert threaten That if the Parliament did not approve and confirm it they themselves would call another nay a third and a fourth till it should be at length established by Publick Consent But the Republicans stood stiff to the contrary making answer That the Government was usurped by Craft and Force not procured by Right nor confirmed by the Free Votes of the People that it laid Snares for the Liberty of the Commonwealth and made way for a most grievous Tyranny One amongst the rest in the heat of the Debate was so bold as to say That since they were approaching so near to Monarchy it were better to call one of the Royal Family to the Government than that Cromwell should usurp the Scepter and Crown Cromwell being informed of these Debates comes in great rage to the Parliament and tells them to this effect That they were not called together that they might confound and turn all things again into the former Chaos but that they should build upon the Foundation and Ground-work already laid down and not to be altered That his Authority could not be called in question unless at the same time they invalidated their own Power since the present Parliament was called by him and by him had liberty to consult That he alone had the Right of setling Fundamentals upon which they had power to raise and beautifie Superstructures That he was resolved to maintain the Government and Supreme Power in a Single Person to call a Parliament once in Three years not to sit above Five months without his Consent c. That to violate or innovate these things should neither be in the Power of the Protector nor Parliament That in other things they might consult and enact as they pleased for the Publick Good But because Admonition might not be sufficient he thinks fit to apply Force Next day a Guard of Soldiers being set before the Door of the House no Man was suffered to enter unless he signed the following Recognition I shall be faithful to the Lord Protector and shall not endeavour to change the Government of a Single Person Many who could not swallow that Bit are debarred from the Privilege of Sitting Nevertheless so many Republicans took the Recognition as made the Cromwellian Faction and Republican almost equal some who underhand favoured the King joyning themselves to each Side enflaming Animosities and as much as might be setting the Parties who seriously treated these Affairs at greater variance Insomuch that after five Months continual jangling and debate Cromwell was not able to bring his Affairs to any good issue in this Parliament Nor do the Republican Spirits onely prevail in the Parliament but also in the Army For these consult and plot together how they might apprehend Cromwell and bring him before the Parliament to be accused and condemned of Treason thinking with themselves that if they could lay Hands upon him and make him Prisoner there would be a sudden change of Affairs and that his Favourers and Adherents being thereby baulked would sculk and shift for themselves The truth is the Officers of Three thousand Horse and of no inconsiderable number of Foot frequently met in Somerset-house and elsewhere about the contriving and carrying on of that Design But before the Matter came to maturity by the Treachery of Pride it came to Cromwell's Ears who by a hasty Dissolution of the Parliament prevented all those Machinations and disbanded those Officers In the mean time Cromwell having received a splendid Embassie from Sueden with equal Magnificence he concluded a Peace with that Crown and dismissed the Embassadors with hopes of a nearer Alliance He makes Peace also with France and promises to send over Assistance thither if the Affairs of England would permit him But all this while the specious Pretext of Supreme Authority was wanting to these Attempts The Parliament had denied their Collective Votes to make that up therefore it remains that the Distributive Votes of all the People be had and that the Officers break the Ice Wherefore Gratulatory Petitions or Addresses are sent by the Commanders of the several Regiments of the Army in Scotland whereby they thank the Lord Protector for having changed the Form of Publick Government to the better They pray him to go on in the discharge of that Province which by Providence he hath undertaken promising with their Lives and Fortunes to maintain and defend him in all difficulties But amongst the English Officers there was a necessity of a wheadling Pretext to wit That the Malignants and Enemies of the Country now triumphed as if the Army breaking into Discords and Divisions would presently renounce their General Cromwell That therefore a Petition of that nature must needs be framed wherein by applauding the Protector they would convince those that were of a contrary Opinion With much ado he obtained that amongst the Republicans but at length some refusing to sign it as venturing rather Cromwell's Displeasure and Revenge than by a sneaking Compliance to betray the
that they seemed rather to decline than promote the Determination of the Controversie by opposing this rapid Motion However he resolved to connive and allow them liberty to trade in England with an Indulgence of their Religion according to the Rites of Moses without any publick Examination going before or as it is usual amongst Catholicks coming yearly after and without teaching or catechising them But this Year was famous for the Actions of Mountague since Earl of Sandwich and of Blake For they with a Joynt-Commission commanding the Fleet whilst they were cruising upon the Coast of Spain without the Straits Mouth met with Eight great Spanish Ships whom Stainer presently engages with Three Frigats onely for the rest could not come up because of the Wind but with so much Bravery and Resolution he plied them with his Broadsides that within three or four Hours space he mastered them all one being sunk another burnt two escaping into Cadiz and two more forced ashore and broke to pieces wherein were lost Sixty thousand Wedges of Silver besides other rich Goods of vast Value However two of them fell into the hands of the Victorious with a great deal of Coyned Gold to the quantity of Six hundred thousand Pieces much Silver curiously-wrought Plate and other things of value together with two Sons of the Marquess de Baydexio Don Joseph de Savega and Don Francisco de Lopes the Marquess himself with his Lady and Daughter who was to be married to the Son of the Duke of Medina Sidonia being burnt The two Brothers that remained alive were by Cromwell discharged without any Ransom England now being sufficiently plagued by those petty Tyrants whom they called Major-Generals who as we said before began to be uneasie to all another Parliament is called but not after the ancient manner but onely made up of the Commoners or People Thirty being called out of Scotland and as many from Ireland Cromwell tampering with many and the Major Generals hindring the Elections and Votes of several that the House might not be filled with Republicans In the mean while no Man is suffered to enter the House till first he subscribed to the Authority of the Protector so that by that means most of the Republicans of either sort are excluded from sitting Sir Thomas Widdrington is chosen Speaker Many things passed here in favour of Cromwell as That it should be Treason to conspire his Death and That the Royal Family should be renounced Nor is it in this place to be omitted that about this time many things were publickly talked of to the prejudice of the King as That he was Consumptive and could not live long That he was also Melancholy and inclinable to a Monastick Life laying aside all desire of Government and that the Duke of York was a Professed Papist that by that means they might wheadle over the credulous and unwary to their Party by removing every thing that might curb and keep them in awe The Customs are renewed a vast Triennial Tax also imposed upon all Houses built upon new Foundations in London and witbin Ten miles round that every one of them should pay a years Rent At length at the Motion of a certain Citizen of London the Parliament resolves to give Cromwell the Title of King with most of the Ensigns of Royalty which he had already long ago usurped and many Members apply themselves to him beseeching him that he would vouchsafe to accept of it which he sometimes made a shew as if he would embrace but by and by again appeared doubtful and at length shifted it off I think it will not displease the Reader if I give in this place a short hint at the main Reasons whereby the Members of Parliament endeavoured to incline Cromwell to accept of the Title of King which inwardly he was most ambitious of though outwardly he affected a reluctancy This Affair was by the Parliament committed to the diligent management of six or seven of their number These Men urg'd That the name of King had always been in vogue from the very beginning in this Nation for the space of above thirteen hundred years that the Person of the King had sometime displeased the People but that the Title was never before abrogated that moreover the same was fitted to our Laws and the Humour of the People and approved not onely by the Votes of the preceding but of this present Prarliament also Cromwell answers That these were persuasive but no cogent Arguments that the Title of Protector might be adapted to the Laws that Providence was against them which hath now altered the Name and that he could not without a Crime displease so many Godly and Religious Men. But the Commissioners reply That the Title ought to be fitted to the Laws not the Laws to Titles nay that the Innovation of Titles is suspected as a Cloak for Vnderhand Tyranny and that the disadvantages of such a kind of change are never felt in in the same Age for which very Reason when King James came to the Crown of this Kingdom the Parliament would not give way that in his Title instead of England and Scotland he should insert Great Britain That by refusing the Title of King he does not derogate so much from himself as from the Nation whose Honour it is to be governed by a King That the supreme Magistrate was never designed by the Name of Protector unless for a time during the Nonage of the King for the Administration of the Government and a Title for the most part unfortunate That that Name at present having its Original from the Souldiers sounded Victory and might be lawfully rescinded by another Parliament That the Title of King being once abolished the Government would become mutable and unsafe not durable if the Foundation tottered that in the space of five years it had been three or four times altered and was yet as wavering as heretofore the alteration of Title was ominous to the Roman People who neither could endure the Name of Prince nor of Perpetual Dictator nor of the Prince of the Senate till at length the Pleasure of Caesar went for Law But the strongest Argument of all was The Statutes of the Ninth of Edward the Fourth and of the Third of Henry the Seventh wherein it was enacted That no Man carrying Arms though unjustly for the King in being shall be punished for it and that in the late Wars more trusting to that Law were in Arms for the King than of those who loved his Cause That as to Providence it was no less conspicuous in changing the Government again into Monarchy for avoiding confusion and quelling a tumultuous People than in changing the Name of a Monarch into that of Protector That lastly Good and Godly Men would submit to a Decree of Parliament though perhaps they might seem to differ in private A great deal of time is spent betwixt Cromwell and the Committee in
humbled the Pride of France reduced Portugal into order broke the Strength of the Dutch and drove them off of the Sea suppressed the Pyrats and lastly triumphed twice over Spain In this alone to be blamed that he stuck to the Side of the Parricides About that time a dreadful War broke out betwixt two Northern Nations Frederick the Third King of Denmark egg'd on by his Confederates the King of Poland and Elector of Brandenburg invades the Territories of Carolus Gustavus King of Sweden then Victorious in Poland and breaking the Truce besieges Bremersford and other strong Places in Bremen Which so soon as Carolus Gustavus had Intelligence of leaving Poland the best way he could he marched his Forces through Gassue Pomerania and the Dutchy of Mecklenbourg into Holstein recovers what he had lost and drives Frederick who was unable to give him Battel into the Islands then he over-runs all Jutland and Holstein and having the opportunity of a hard Winter not without danger to himself and Army he boldly marched over the Sea upon the Ice into Fuinen and having subdued it and the Islands about one after another in the same manner he enters Zeeland divided from them by a narrow Frith where by the same Storm of a sudden War he had overwhelmed Copenhagen had not a Peace been made at Roschild by the Mediation of Medows who with Jepson was by Oliver sent from England as Mediators of Peace he to the Swede and the other to the Dane and the Intervention of the Embassadors of other Princes for which timely Service King Frederick made Medows Knight of the Elephant and a Nobleman of Denmark And King Charles the Second of England as a Testimony of His Favour for the good Offices done to his Kinsman honoured him likewise with Knighthood The War breaking out again afterward betwixt the Kings the Swede having possessed himself of Croneberg and the greatest part of Denmark and blocked up Copenhagen by a long and obstinate Siege both Parties implore the Assistance of Neighbouring Nations Carolus Gustavus of the English and Frederick of the Dutch The Swede wanted Ships and Seamen the Dane all kind of Relief to wit Soldiers Ships and Ammunition The Swede offered the English for their Security and a Reward of their Pains Gluckstadt with a small Territory on the other side of the Elbe which nevertheless was not in his power and Leth-Fort upon the River Wese But the English demanding either Gottenberg on the Baltick Sea near the Sound or Elsenburg that lies in the Mouth of the Baltick Cromwell and the Swede disagree about the Terms Nevertheless Oliver fits out a pretty considerable Fleet in England and that he might watch all Opportunities of advantage for the English sends it into Denmark under the Command of Goodson but the Ice and Winter-Colds hindred it from advancing beyond Scagen and at length Richard sent a greater under the Command of Admiral Montague who was afterwards made Earl of Sandwich and Knight of the Garter But the Dutch being secure that the English would not interfere and molest them that they might maintain a Free Trade through the Sound and at the same time assist the King of Denmark reduced to the utmost extremity fitted out a Fleet under the Command of General Opdam provided with all Necessaries which having engaged in a Sea-fight with the Swedes with equal Loss on both Sides they supplied Copenhagen with Ammunition and plenty of all Provisions To Flanders now the series of this short History calls me where the Affairs of the Spaniards began to decline and grow daily worse and worse A well appointed Army of six thousand English under the Command of Reynolds is landed at Calis of which some assist the French in taking Montmidy and being afterwards all joyned with the French they take Mardyke Fort two Miles distant from Dunkirk which was given to the Englâ—sh to be kept during the Winter who fortifie it round with Palisadoes besides a Wall and Ditch and render it impregnable Nevertheless the most illustrious Duke of York resolved to attaque it bringing therefore about four thousand Men before it partly English Scots and Irish and partly Spaniards he attacks it in the Night-time by an Assault But he found Morgan Governour of the place in a readiness who in watchfulness was not inferiour to him but in this much superiour that under the cover of a strong Fort he fought against an Enemy in the open Fields wherefore after he had by all ways attempted but in vain to storm the place at length he sounded the Retreat But the Marshall d' Aumont came not so well off at Ostend for being tempted thither by hopes given him that the Town would be betray'd into his Hands he pay'd for his rash hopes himself being made Prisoner and many brave Men killed Next Spring Marshall Turen having taken in Graveling he came with a vast Army of French and English to Besiege Dunkirk and quickly invested the Town by Land the English Ships blocking it up by Sea For it was necessary either to reduce that Key of Flanders under the Power of the French or to try the uncertain Fortune of War Affairs being as yet doubtful On the other hand if the Spaniards suffered it to be taken besides the loss of the profit which they made by Pyracy and Traffick the English would also deprive them of the rest of their Ports for they easily conjectured that Dunkirk would fall into the Hands of the English and open to themselves a way of bringing an Army into the Heart of the Countrey Therefore Don John of Austria Governour of Flanders resolved to hazard a Battel For that end having drawn out of the Garrisons about some fifteen thousand Men to which were added four Regiments but half compleat in Men under the Duke of York he possesses himself of the Sandy Hills half a Mile distant from Turen's Camp there as occasion served to hinder or raise the Siege But next Morning Turen having left Men enough in the Trenches to prevent the sallying out of the Garrison with the rest of the Army in this manner attacks the Spaniards About three hundred English under the Command of Devaux are ordered to march up the Hill and beat the Spaniards from thence two thousand following after and four thousand to second them the Horse being placed on the Wings and behind in the Rear The Spaniards being drawn up bravely received the charge with confused shouts of mixt Nations But at length though the loose Sand afforded no sure footing to those that marched up and that the Spaniards showred down continual Volleys of Shot yet the English obtain the Victory the Spaniards being on all hands put to flight and killed Then at length the French Horse fall on and were for a long time bravely resisted by the Duke of York and his Brother the Duke of Glocester but they both the English Red-coats advancing and
number overpow'ring them are fain to give ground and at length are beat out of the Field Above a thousand were killed in that Battel fifteen hundred private Soldiers taken fourscore Officers and all the Cannon and Ammunition The Garrison of Dunkirk nevertheless persist in their defence till the Marquess of Leda being shot with a Musket Bullet the Town lost its Life with the Governour and fell into the Hands of the French King who that he might perform the Articles agreed upon gives it to our Countrey-men as a Reward of their Services and delivered it up into the Hands of Lockart a Scottish Man who had married Cromwell's Neece and was his Embassadour in France for Reynolds the Winter before crossing over into England in a weak Vessel that he might justifie himself before Cromwell from a Crime of Treason that he was accused of as if he had entertained a Correspondence with the Duke of York was cast away at Sea The same Year the French with the assistance of the English possessed themselves of Winoxberg Fuern Ypress Oudenard and many other places their Horse ravaging all Flanders almost So way was made for a Treaty betwixt the French King and Spaniard whereupon a Marriage after ensued Let us now return home and view at nearer distance the Preludes of Cromwell's approaching Death Whilst he is delighted with Triumphs beyond Sea he is hampered at home with difficulties and gnawing Cares Besides the Death of his dearly beloved Daughter the Lady Cleypole who died of an inward Imposthume in her Loins with great agony and pain after she had in her Hysterical fits much disquieted him by upbraiding him sometimes with one of his Crimes and sometimes with another according to the furious distraction of that Disease The Republicans created him continual troubles and vexation especially seeing his Son-in-law Fleetwood and his Wife seemed to favour these Men excuse and intercede for them nay he refrained coming to his Father-in-laws House though he lived hard by and ought to have comforted his dying Sister amidst the mourning and bewailings of her Relations and though Cromwell as he told it to some had made him his Heir in his last Will and Testament Besides Desborough who had married his Sister Pickering also and Sidenham whom he had made Privy Counsellors had secret meetings with Lambert and other leading Men of the Republican Party whom they openly magnified and extolled But all his Distemper was not in his Mind alone for shortly after he was taken with a Slow Fever that at length degenerated into a Bastard Tertian Ague For a Weeks time the Disease so continued without any dangerous symptoms as appearing sometimes one and sometimes another kind of distemper that every other Day he walked abroad but after Dinner his five Physicians coming to wait upon him one of them having felt his pulse said that it intermitted at which suddenly startled he looked pale fell into a Cold Sweat almost fainted away and orders himself to be carried to Bed where being refreshed with Cordials he made his Will but onely about his Privat and Domestick Affairs Next Morning early when one of his Physicians came to visit him he asked him why he looked so sad And when he made Answer That so it becomes any one who had the weighty care of his Life and Health upon him Ye Physicians said he think I shall die Then the Company being removed holding his Wife by the Hand to this purpose he spoke to him I tell you I shall not die this bout I am sure on 't And because he observed him to look more attentively upon him at these words Don't think said he that I am mad I speak the Words of Truth upon surer grounds than Galen or your Hippocrates furnish you with God Almighty himself hath given that Answer not to my Prayers alone but also to the Prayers of those who entertain a stricter commerce and greater intimacy with him Go on chearfully banishing all sadness from your looks and deal with me as you would do with a Serving-man Ye may have skill in the Nature of things yet Nature can do more than all Physicians put together and God is far more above Nature But being ordered to take his rest because he had not slept the greatest part of the Night as the Physician was coming out of the Chamber he accidentally met another who had been a long time very familiar with him to whom I am afraid says he our Patient will be light-headed Then said he You are certainly a Stranger in this House Don't you know what was done last Night The Chaplains and all who are dear to God being dispersed into several parts of the Palace have prayed to God for his Health and all have brought this Answer He shall recover Nay to this degree of madness they came that a Publick Fast being for his sake kept at Hampton Court they did not so much pray to God for his Health as thank him for the undoubted pledges of his Recovery and repeated the same at Whitehall These Oracles of the Saints were the cause that the Physicians spake not a word of his danger In the mean time Cromwell leaving Hampton Court where hitherto he had lain sick is brought to London and the Physitians meet at a Consultation in the Chamber of the aforementioned Doctor who at that time was troubled with a grievous Head-ach and an Imposthume in his Ear. But next Morning early another Physician coming who had watched all Night with the Patient and telling the rest how ill he had been in the last fit they all conclude that he could hardly out-live another This Sentence of the Physicians awaking the Privy Council at an appointed time they come to advise him that he would name his Successour But when in a drowsy fit he answered out of purpose they again ask him if he did not name Richard his eldest Son for his Successour to which he answered Yes Then being asked where his Will was which heretofore he had made concerning the Heirs of the Kingdom he sent to look for it in his Closet and other places but in vain for he had either burnt it himself or some body else had stole it And so Richard being nominated his Heir the Day following being the third of September he yielded up the Ghost about three of the Clock in the Afternoon not as it was commonly reported carried away by the Devil at Mid-night but in clear Day-light and the same Day that he had twice defeated the Scots His Body being opened in the Animal parts the Vessels of the Brain seemed to be overcharged in the Vitals the Lungs a little inflamed but in the Natural the source of the distemper appeared the Spleen though sound to the Eye being within filled with matter like to the Lees of Oyl Nor was that Incongruous to the Disease that for a long time he had
and the Officers of the Army to the Mayor and Common-Council of London and to Montague Admiral of the Fleet. Which were received with so universal a Joy and Applause that the Parliament forthwith ordained him to be proclaimed KING in the City and all over England with the accustomed Solemnities having made a Proclamation to this purpose Although it can no way be doubted but that his Majesties Right and Title to these Crowns and Kingdoms is and was every way compleat by the death of his most Royal Father of glorious memory without the ceremony or solemnity of a Proclamation yet since Proclamations in such cases have been always used to the end that all good Subjects might upon this occasion testifie their duty and respect and since the armed violence and other the Calamities of many years last past have hitherto deprived us of any opportunity wherein we might express our Loyalty and Allegiance to his Majesty We therefore the Lords and Commons now assembled in Parliament together with the Lord Mayor Aldermen and Common-Council of the City of London and other Freemen of this Kingdom now present do according to our Duty and Allegiance heartily joyfully and unanimously acknowledge and proclaim That immediately upon the decease of our late Soveraign King CHARLES the First the Imperial Crown of the Realm of England and of all the Kingdoms Dominions and Rights belonging to the same did by inherent Birth-right and lawful undoubted Succession descend and come to his most Excellent Majesty King CHARLES the Second as being lineally justly and lawfully next Heir of the Bloud-Royal of this Realm and that by the goodness and providence of Almighty God he is of England Scotland and Ireland the most potent mighty and undoubted King And thereunto we most humbly and faithfully do submit and oblige our selves our Heirs and Posterities The King being proclaimed throughout the City with the joyful shouts and acclamations of all and all things being prepared for his reception both Houses of Parliament appointed an honourable body of Commissioners to be sent to the King with their Letters all men of great Quality and Birth Obery Earl of Oxford Charles Earl of Warwick Lionel Earl of Middlesex and Hereford Viscount of Leicester the Lords Berkley and Brooks for the Lords The House of Commons chose Fairfax Bruce Falkland Castletown Herbert Mandiville all Lords Ashley-Cooper Townsend Booth Holland Chumley and Hollis Knights Who besides Letters carried Instructions with them humbly to beg that his Majesty would be pleased to hasten his long wished-for return into England And because they knew that the Exchequer of their exiled King could not be very full they order them to carry him a Present of fifty thousand Pieces of Gold and also ten thousand to the Duke of York and five to the Duke of Gloucester Clerges a person in great favour with the King carried General Monk's and the Armies Submission and Letters The City of London also sent twenty Commissioners chosen out of the Flower of the Citizens and the wealthy Citizens present the King and his Illustrious Brothers with twelve thousand pounds All things now succeeding beyond expectation Monk was secure in his fortune having so dexterously managed things with such innocent and harmless Arts defeated the Snares and Arms of the Parricides and procured the publick safety without bloud that the same Virtue of the General was both hated and admired whilst the praying Sectaries in vain called upon God who was not certainly the Lord of their Hosts now The Eleventh of May the Commissioners set sail from England and with all dutifulness waited upon the Kings Majesty at the Hague where they were gladly and kindly received by him Clarges had been with him before whom the King having first knighted sent back into England as a Messenger of his coming and having sent Letters to Monk full of expressions of good will and gratitude towards the General and Army he designed Dover for his place of landing In the mean time by the Kings command Admiral Montague since Earl of Sandwich came with the Fleet upon the Coast of Holland and waited for the King before Scheveling And now all things being in a readiness for his departure the best of Kings with the Dukes of York and Gloucester came on board the Admiral Thither they were attended by the Queen of Bohemia their Aunt their Sister the Princess of Orange and the young Prince their Nephew where after they had taken a glad Farewel with a joyful Huzza of the Sea-men they set sail Charles the Second now in possession of his Fleet the first Pledge of his Government which was speedily to waft him over to that of his Kingdoms with a prosperous Gale directs his course to Dover Monk having received Letters by Clarges accompanied with a numerous train of Nobility and Gentry hastened thither to welcome him on the shore and to pay Honour to that Virtue at home which he had reverenced at so great distance abroad So soon as the Fleet with full sail came in sight innumerable crouds of over-spied Spectators flocked to the shore and Sea-coast and to every other place from whence they might have any prospect being desirous to see and congratulate their restored Prince The Troubles of England Composed by his Majesties happy Restauration On the 25th of May amidst the roaring of all the Canon in the Fleet ecchoed and answered from the Castle and shore and which was a more glorious sound amidst the joyful and louder Acclamations of his Subjects AVGVST CHARLES landed at Dover with so much Piety Gravity and Gracefulness in his Countenance that he seemed to be come to pay his Vows to God the Protector of the Government His department shew'd no Vanity nor Pride but a mind rather above the reach of them yet capable of any fortune and so great was his Majesty in all his actions that he seemed more to deserve than to desire a Crown Here Monk falling upon his knees to welcome the King was by his Majesty embraced kissed and raised from the ground the rest of the Nobility having also performed their duty the same night the best of Kings advanced to Canterbury and next morning created Monk Knight of the honourable Order of the Garter the most illustrious Princes the Dukes of York and Gloucester putting the George about his neck Here the King spent Sunday and restored the service of the Church in the Metropolitan Church of England Setting forward from hence he lodged all night at Rochester and next day upon Black heath he viewed the Forces drawn up with much military pomp and splendour Forces heretofore onely brave in shedding of Civil Bloud whose Trophies and Triumphs were then disgraced with horrid Crimes but now upon the return of Charles loyally and deservedly triumphant The Regiments drawn up in a most lovely order made an Army worthy of King Charles The King having by the
Church Those Bishops who had survived the fury of the Hereticks he restored to their Sees and chose others conspicuous for Primitive Piety Learning and a good Life in place of those that were dead who with the same Piety and Humility that they had suffered the Reproaches of Sectarians and born the Calamities of a Civil War now in their old age carried the Miter and governed the Church of God The King made Juxon Archbishop of Canterbury and primate of all England a Prelate of Primitive Piety venerable both in his books and words heretofore Confessor to Charles the Martyr and his Assistent to the last whilst amidst the fury and reproaches of bloudy Traytors he took his leave of this world Et nullo gemitu consensit ad ictum Despexitque nefas When without sighing he received that Blow And bravely scorn'd the Villanies below And now it was no small comfort to many that they to whom the Parricides had formerly been liberal were as poor as those whom they had robbed but it was fit that Clemency should usher in the new Administration of the Government and therefore Charles imitating God Almighty in mercifulness past in Parliament an Act of Indemnity and Oblivion for all his Subjects except those who had embrewed their hands in his Fathers Bloud the rest of the guilty Rebels being wonderfully pardoned but whether with greater Policy or Mercy let Posterity judge The King now secure in his own Majesty and the Loyalty of his Subjects resolved to disband the Army which for so many years had been the Burden and Grievance of the Nation for the paying of which a Tax by way of Poll was imposed on every head in England The Souldiers had also a Donative bestowed upon them and many of the Officers were rewarded according to their merit Amidst the Joys wherewith the first three months of his Majesties government was blessed Henry Duke of Gloucester fell sick and was fatally too soon snatched out of this world by the Small Pox so much the more lamented by the King his Brother and by the Kingdom that at twenty years of age he had given such sublime proofs of his Princely Accomplishments And this alone may seem an Eclipse of the Glory of Charles that almost in his own triumph he beheld the Funeral of his dear Brother Manibus date Lilia plenis Purpureos spargam flores Bring plenty of white Lillies to his Herse Whilst sad there the purple Rose disperse The affairs of England being setled Scotland and Ireland were to be taken care of The King therefore appointed Privy-Councils of the most Loyal Subjects of both Kingdoms to manage the Government till he might advise about calling a Parliament in Scotland and sending over a Lord Lieutenant into Ireland After the dutiful Addresses of his Subjects at home the neighbouring Kings of France Sweden Denmark and many Princes of Germany by honourable Embassies congratulate the Kings happy Restauration all which were outdone by the pompous and splendid train of the Prince Ligny Embassadour from the Catholick King And now it was time to bring the Murderers of Charles the Martyr to their Tryals many of whom were before clapt up in Prison others fled away secretly and wandered in foraign and distant Countries and some trusting to the hopes of a Pardon obeyed the Kings Proclamation and freely surrendred themselves Therefore on the tenth of October Harrison Carew Clements Jones Scot and Scroop who had been of the number of the Judges that condemned the King Cooke Attorney-General the famous infamous Peters Chaplain to the Traytors Axiell and Hacker Commanders of the Guards were brought to the Bar not before an accursed and new-made High Court of Justice but according to the ancient Laws of the Kingdom before the chief Justices and the rest of the Kings Justices to be tryed by a Jury of Twelve men after the usual manner of England They were chiefly charged by the Attorney-General and the Kings Council That they the aforesaid Traytors and others guilty of High-Treason conspiring with an accursed Army of Fanaticks had carried away to Prison King Charles securely treating a Peace with the two Houses of Parliament which was almost concluded in the Isle of Wight So that the House of Lords being abrogated and the founder Members of the Commons six and forty Villains that remained took to themselves the name of a Parliament invaded the Government and decreed to bring the King to a Tryal By whose authority these Parricides an High Court of Justice being impudently constituted had condemned and caused to be put to death the King of England who was above the Laws contrary to the will and to the great grief of the People To their Indictment rightly laid and fully proved having made many false and frivolous Answers concerning the supreme authority of the Parliament which indeed in this case had no authority at all they were by the Verdict of a Jury of Twelve men found guilty of and condemned for High-Treason The same Verdict past also upon nineteen other of the Kings Judges but with a different event as shall be mentioned in the proper place On the third of October a Gibbet was set up at Charing-cross near Whitehall whither in the morning Harrison being brought the first of the surviving Regicides both in guilt and punishment with the same madness and obstinacy as he had behaved himself at his tryal the cruel Traytor affecting an undauntedness at his death was hang'd and quarter'd as he well deserved CAROLE tuis jam Victima mittitur umbris Nec satis hoc fortuna putat procul absit ut ista Vindictae sit summa tui Great CHARLES a Victim to thy Ghost does fall And yet thy Fates are not appeas'd no all That just Revenge is not yet paid that shall Harrison rather of a base than low Birth was the Son of a Butcher bred at first a Pettifogging Country-Attorney but in the heat of the Civil Wars when the onely way to get into Power was Fanaticism and Treason he fled to the Rebellious Army and there turning a furious Anabaptist and advanced to be a Colonel he grew very intimate with Cromwel and his Competitor in Villany But being a proud and haughty fellow and a most desperate Republican he fell out and was highly displeased with Oliver when he was made Protector not that he hated the Tyrant Cromwel but disdained to be outstripped and to submit to one who from a fellow-Souldier was become his Prince Carew came next and suffered the like death but his Relations who had served the King in the Wars obtained as a mark of favour the liberty of burying his body which was the same night obscurely performed The day following Cook and Peters in the same place suffered the same punishment where Peters by a drunken and base death disgraced his infamous life Cook was an obscure ragged beggarly Lawyer and ambitious to get a
made use of By what arts they stir up the Colonies to joyn with them in Rebellion The zeal of the English for the revenge defence of their Colonies Is eluded by the intestine Broils betwixt the King and Parliament And mutual Accusations Which at length are quieted upon the K.'s yielding his Right They break out again The English thrice beat the Irish And laid the Country so waste that for want of necessaries they suffered a great deal of misery And desire to be recalled Wherefore the K. commands them to make a Truce with the Irish and the Scots marching into England He calls over the Souldiers for his own defence By whom the Truce is broken The K's Forces are attacked both by the Irish and the Parliamentarians And being overmatched whatever was on the K.'s side in Ireland is delivered up to the Parl. The K. afterward being imprisoned the Marquess of Ormond returns with new inâ—tructions authority whereby he joyns all Parties into one for delivering the King With whom many English Some Irish And Scots joyn But the Parliament Governour resisting Associates with the Irish Rebels The discourse returns to the Troubles of England The King and Parl. fight and the Victory inclining to the King the Rebels lose Courage And invite the Scots to their assistance By what Arts they confirm the people in their errours by calumnies to wit against the K. spread amongst the Rabble Some Sacrifices being offered to publick Justice Prayers Fasts and Thanksgivings appointed superstitious Pictures burnt Crosses and Images pull'd down Episcopacy Service-book being abrogated An Assembly is called Which makes a Confession of Faith And a new Presbyterian Government in the Church * These Expectants were young men who stood candidates for the Ministry and sought to obtain Orders Many Politicians Lawyers being highly displeased And others also Bishops Lands are sold at easie rates The Scots consent Having entered into Covenant Wherein the Independents are Ring-leaders Who take the Covenant with an honest designe are called Presbyterians They cruelly persecute Dissenters The fruit of the Covenant Learned men dispute against it The Scots again come into England The King looks to himself The Parliament at Oxford The K. writes to the Scots Sends the Marquess of Hamilton to draw them back into Scotland Being deluded by him he sends the Marquess of Montross The Scots nevertheless pursue the War against the K. and prevail The K.'s Party goes to wrack His Majesty having in vain essayed the English Casts himself into the hands of the Scots Former grudges are revived betwixt the English Scottish Rebels Provocations given to the Scots The Presbyterians holding their peace Debates betwixt the Scots Parliament of England The Scots having got money deliver the K. up to the Parl. upon pretext that he would not take the Covenant The K. being received by the Parliament-Commissioners is conducted to Holmely house The Rebels disagree amongst themselves An account by way of digression of the beginnings progress sects and opinions of the Factious The seeds of them sown in the very reformation Concerning Church-government the Liturgie and Ceremonies which were established by Kings and Parliaments Hence arose Disputes and Controversies scandalous Libels from the Anti-Episcoparians suspensions depravations c. from the Bishops VVhereby the Bishops got hatred and the Anti-Episcoparians pitie which ended in a Conspiracy against the Hierarchy VVherein all the Sects and Factions agree raising scruples betwixt the K. and Parl. that seeming to stand up for the Parl. they might be esteemed popular men and be chosen to serve in Parl. when occasion offered VVherein they censure the publick administration of the Government They take occasion from a VVar to make division betwixt the K. and Parl. The K. being engaged in a VVar and frustrated of assistance from the Parl. is necessitated without a Parl. to raise money This incensed the people occasioned fears combinations against the K. VVhen the Presbyterians first challenged publickly that name Aristocraticks Democraticks Oligarchicks· Christonaticks or Fifth-monarchy-men Who deserve most the name of Rebels and Traytors The original and artifices Whereby they put all into confusion Raise up VVar. Oppose all Vnion Peace By what Arts In the mean time they make their own advantage of the VVar. Their growth Indefatigable industry in the Parliament And in Cabals Having got into power they take the title of Independents They enlarge their Party by complying with the humours of all men They prosecute their opposers Protect all sorts of men Try to bring over the E. of Essex and other Nobles to their Party But in vain Vnder pretext of the Self-denying Ordinance they over-reach the Presbyterians deprive them of all Places Civil and Military Which they their Adherents invade New Commanders of the Army Fairfax Cromwel Colonels Captains c. Schismaticks Their industry To get men of their Party into the Parl. And celebrating their mighty deeds They more openly attack the Presbyterians By publishing defamatory VVritings against them And setting them upon duties that were ungrateful to the people Mingling themselves in their Cabals Turning them out of governments Disbanding the Forces that befriended them dismissing the Scots and drawing over the Ringleaders to their Party Philip Skippon and Stephen Marshal The series of the History is again continued The Presbyterians still prevailing in the Parl. they resolve to lessen and divide the Army The Souldiers mutiny the Officers secretly applauding them though vexed in shew who the seditious succeeding to their mind joyn with them Cromwel among the first They who were true to the Parl. being disbanded This they attempt by means of the Adjutators They designe a Common-wealth They carry away the King out of the Parliaments custody sooth him with fair promises and kind Offices They frame Propositions whereby they would provide for the interest of the King of themselves and of the Publick and soften them for the Kings sake By Declarations they envy against the Parliament Accuse several Members of Treason Command the Parl. to be dissolved They propose useful things to the people and pretend to mind the K.'s interest But in ambiguous words They march against the Parliament The Parl. prepares for defence But the Speakers of both Houses with many Members flying to the Camp the Citizens are appeased upon the fair promises of the Army And without any previous Articles open their Gates to the Souldiers The fugitive Members are restored the accused Presbyterians flie others temporize all lose courage Some Commoners the Mayor and Leading-men of the City with some Lords are clapt up in Prison A new Lieutenant Garrison are put into the Tower of London The Colonels and Officers of the Army changed The Posts and Chains of the City being pulled down A popular Republican is set over the Fleet. Fairfax made General of the Forces both in England and Ireland Thanks are given to the Army And Pay It 's long in suspence to what side the
the King was very near discovered by an Hostler From thence as good luck would have it to Broad-VVindsor Where he is disquieted by Soldiers quartering there And the Country People Wilmot is in danger at Chayremouth Vpon a suspition occasioned by his Horses Shoes The Hostler consults the Minister of the place Who having seriously weighed the matter He hunts after the King tho too late Especially in Sir Hugh Windham 's house The King returns to Trent having sent VVilmot to Coventry A ship freighted at Southampton but without Success The King gâ—es to Heal. Having taken leave in the morning he returns â—ack without the knowledge of the Servants and is hid From thence he hastens to Bright-Helmstead Gunter having hired a Vessel Where at Supper he is known by the Master of the Bark Who being afraid of the Parliaments Proclamation With diffiulty undertakes the thing His Wife who smelt it out â—ncouraging him to the busâ—ness Being got on board they coast along the Shore as bound for the Isle of VVight In the Evening they arrive in Normandy The King very skilful in Navigation The Master of the Vessel being kindly dismissed arrives the same night at Pool The King having changed his Cloathes at Rouen Where by chance he found Doctor Earle He goes to Paris Whos 's safely was an illustrious Testimony of Divine Providence Cromwell having sent the Prisoners before comes to London Sterling Castle surrendered to Monck Noblemen taken by Alured Dundee was a prey to the Conquerour All Scotland in the power of the English who strengthen themselves by new Citadels And subdue Orkney and the Isles The Scots rise but in vain The administration of civil Affairs in Scotland by Judges for the most part English And a Council of State Thirty Commissioners from thence allowed to sit and Vote in the Parliament of England The Scots had what they deserved Hains subdues Jersey The Isle of Mann also takâ—n An Act of Oblivion passes But not without the instance of Cromwell The Soldiers displeased with the Rump Which with these Crimes they load As minding onely their own advantages The Objections are boldly enough answered The Soldiers reply Of whom therefore the Rump under another pretence order a great part to be disbanded The Soldiers refusing and demanding a new Representative An equal numbâ—r of both consult in common But without any Fruit. The Rumpers are divided about the manner of the Representative And about the Time Not willing to give the Power rashly out of their own hands Cromwell flying to the House and objecting to them Misdemeanours and other horrid Crimes Commands all to be gone And they delaying by the assistance of the Soldiers he expelled them the House And makes them ridiculous The People rejoycing And much applauding him They consult in the mean time what is fittest to be done The Officers advance the Godly to the Government Chosen from among the Off-scowrings of the People and out of all Sects Who having chosen a Speaker Take the Name of The Parliament of England And presently shew their madness in falling soul of the Ministers Colleges and Nobility They abolish all Courts of Justice Appoint Justices of Peace to celebrate Marriage The sounder part deliver up the Government to Cromwell who with reluctancy accepts it Lambert chiefly and by his persuasion the rest of the Officers consenting But he would be called Protector not King Cromwell swears to his own Conditions and presently chuses Counsellors out of every Sect. What were the thoughts of men in this great Revolution A War with Holland The use of it Different Opinions of the States of the United Provinces about that Matter The middle Opinion prevailing Embassadors for Pacification are sent into England In the heat of the Treaty a sharp Engagement hapned The Dutch excuse the matter But confederate with the Danes And fight again and again At length they sue for Peace Cromwell being now at the Helm A fourth Engagement most fatal to the Dutch Trump being killed And 2000 besides Cromwell claps up a Peace with the Dutch and Danes And lays a snare for the Prince of Orange Sâ—ditious Seamen Three Hansiatick Ships are stopp'd And condemned Cromwell is reconciled to the King of Portugal The Embassadors Brother Don Pantaleon Sa For a Murder committed in London Is beheaded And Gerard at the same time also for standing up for the Kings Interestâ— Vowell hanged for the same Cause The King of England uses all Endeavours to oblige the French King But being basely used He removes to Cologne His Friends in England in the mean time use all endeavours Cromwell counter-endeavours Yet by mutual Exhortations they do somewhat The matter was at length undertaken by Commâ—ssioners Very cauâ—iously The Republicans also conspiring with them And some Governours of Places But Cromwell discovering the Design easily disappoints it Some rising too soon Others cowardly And all disappointed of their Hopes Many Persons of Great Quality committed to Prison Not a few put to death Cromwell's Arts of Discovery Spies mingled amongst the Cavaliers Especially one Manning that lived at Court Who at length was justly put to death Cromwell calls a Parliament of Commoners onely Wherein he brags of his own good Deeds Which he would have the Parliament to confirm But they on the contrary nibble at the Instrument of Government The Officers and Courtiers opposing it But the Republicans urging the same But Cromwell severely checks these Debates And obliges all that would enter the House to own the Government However he left all his Labour The Republican Soldiers conspire his ruine Which he smelling out presently dissolved the Parliament He makes Peace with Sueden And France For Support of his Authority he procures Gratulatory Addresses from the Officers of the Army in Scotland Then from the Officers in England And afterwards from some Corporations He affected to be a Promoter of Justice And a rigid Censurer of Manners And a Favourer of the Clergy Whose Divisions nevertheless he foments whilst he seemed earnest in composing of them Industriously suppressing the Insolence of the Presbyterians He was ill-affected towards the Church of England tho he was accustomed to caress some few He hugged the Independents Nor was he an enemy to Fanaticks And Roman-Catholicks He creates Censurers of the Preachers out of every Sâ—ct Who basely minded their own Profit He studies to ingratiate himself with all men according to their various Humours With the Nobility The Godly Country People And also the Soldiers Always glancing at his own Profit A most cunning Diver into the Manners of Men. And most prodigious Hypocrite King Charles finds for the Duke of Glocester his Brother from France Lest the Stripling might be in danger of hâ— Religion amongst Catholicks 〈…〉 by a certain Astrologer Oneal Cromwell continually dogg'd with anxious biting Cares Thinks himself safe no where Getting into the Coach-box to exercise his Body He was very near being torn to pieces alive by Horses Of new he oppresses the
Archbishop of Canterbury are accused of High-Treason both the English and Scots impeaching them Against Strafford also out of Ireland where the greatest matter of accusation was to be pickt up both Witnesses and Accusers are brought For whilst he was Deputy of Ireland he had by some severities which though perhaps they could not stand the test of the punctilio's and niceties of Law yet were necessary for the publick raised the indignation of the Inhabitants in that he endeavoured to reclaim the native Irish from their wonted Barbarity to Industry Civility and better Manners and to enure them to the Customs and Practices of the English Whence in a short time he had been so successful in this that having setled Trades Husbandry and Commerce amongst those lazy and stubborn people they began to flourish more than in all Ages before and to bring money into the Exchequer of England which by Rebellions they had so often exhausted before From amongst these though they were Roman Catholicks and sworn enemies to the English Government and even then plotting a Conspiracy against it Accusers in name of the Kingdom of Ireland and Witnesses were sent for who being prone enough of themselves to the work that they might the more securely attempt the Rebellion which then they hatched in their minds the wise Deputy being taken off were by all civilities and kind offices caressed by the Factious that by accumulated crimes they might overwhelm Strafford The Lord Keeper Finch was also accused and all the Judges who being sworn had after long deliberation declared in favour of the King as to the lawfulness of Ship-money Twelve Bishops also who by the riotous Rabble having been barred from coming into the House of Lords protested against all Laws that should be made as invalid until all that were concerned in the Council of the Kingdom might safely be present Others withdrew to avoid the impendent storm The Judges scared with this Parliamentary Thunderclap and taught to obey their Lords and Masters are at last all freely discharged and some of them continued in their places or promoted to higher The Bishops having lost their power of voting in the Lords House by a Law made in their absence being likewise set at liberty Canterbury is reserved for a future Sacrifice All the Storm at present fell upon the head of the Earl of Strafford whose Tragedy since it lay heavy upon the King during his whole life and at his death and that he by the Rebels was reckoned the most guilty I shall more fully relate that by the instance of one judgment may be made of the rest what kind of men they were who were so hated by the Parliament With great pomp he is accused by the Commons of twenty eight Articles of High Treason before the House of Lords all the Commons were present of whom six of the most violent were his Prosecutors or Managers of the Tryal the King also Queen and Prince being there privately behind the Curtain The weight of his Impeachment lay in this That in Ireland he had acted many things arbitrarily contrary to Law That in time of Peace he had raised Money of the Inhabitants against their wills by Military Exactions That he had advised the King to force the Subjects of England to obedience by foreign Arms and to make War against Scotland The Tryal lasted many days during which the Earl with great presence of mind and judgment defending himself so refuted the Arguments of his Prosecutors that amongst so many Articles there was not one even in the judgment of his enemies that could amount to Treason nor could all put together be constructed an acumulative Treason which inraged the House of Commons so far that having no colour of Law to take his life they make a new Law ex post facto whereby he is made guilty of High-Treason with a clause therein That it should not be made a Precedent in other Courts But this past not without great debate and opposition many speaking and arguing to the contrary and fifty nine of the chief Members of the House dissenting whose names were posted up in publick places that being exposed to the view and fury of the Mobile they might learn to vote with the Factious for the future if they had not rather be torn in pieces alive This Bill was in two days time past and engrossed in the House of Commons and carried up to the Lords for their consent but a matter of such moment was more seriously deliberated about there The Factious impatient of this delay stir up the Rabble and Dregs of the People who armed with Staves and Clubs and what Weapons Rage put into their hands came rushing to the Parliament-house roaring out Justice Justice and growing dayly more and more insolent morning and evening persisted in their riotous Clamours These Blades besetting the House of Lords lay hands upon what Lords and Bishops they please and tossing them to and fro hinder them from entering and threaten them worse if they obstinately refused to comply with the Commons Next they break in into Westminster-Abbey pull down the Organs rob the Vestments and sacred Furniture of the Church and then with furious clamours run to White-hall the Kings own house Nay they proceeded to that impudence as to dare to affront the King by sawcy and insolent Answers when his Majesty from a Balcony told them as they passed by White-hall that they should keep at home and mind their business Whilst some of the Justices of Peace according to their Oath and duty imprison those of that Rabble whom they could catch to be kept there for condign punishment they themselves are clapt up by the factious House of Commons pretending that it was free for all to come and petition the Parliament though they had caused the Gates of London to be shut against the men of Kent who came to petition the contrary and frightened others who intended to have done the like And when some discreet and good men had desired the Factious that they would at length lay the Devils whom they had raised they made answer That they ought rather to thank their Friends Nay so far was the Parliamentary Dignity debased that many times Members of the House of Commons came to the Clubs of Apprentices where they consulted about related and examined the affairs that past in Parliament what was designed to be done what parts they themselves were to act and when Hence their Tumults became by this kind of schooling in a manner to be regular being distributed into proper Classes and Fraternities as of Porters Watermen Taylors c. who under pretext of petitioning at the least hint from their Demagogues flocked together into bodies And that once for all we may lay open the nature of this Sore if any difficult knot occurred which by other arts they could not unty they presently betook themselves
Argile with the Forces he had raised being no less an Army at home than Cromwel was abroad reduced them in a short time to such streights that the Army which had been raised by order of Parliament was forced to lay down Arms and submit to the discretion of Argile's Faction Then was a new Parliament called all being excluded who had taken up Arms or voted for engaging in a War for the delivery of the King In this the Acts of the last Parliament were recinded the War declared to have been unlawful Cromwel had the publick thanks and Argile privately engaged as Cromwel himself boasted that he would concur with the Oligarchicks of England and root out Monarchy when occasion offered in Scotland as well as in England Besides many Ships the Tyde turning according to the innate levine of Seamen prepare to make defection from the Prince casting themselves into the protection of the Earl of Warwick who had won their hearts by frequent Largesses and who was set over a new Fleet for a time that he might draw over the Seamen again to the obedience of the Parliament but being beset with the Spies Of the Oligarchick Rebels and having done their job he justly received the usual Reward from these Masters that is he was turned out and laid aside Whilst the Army is busied in these Wars the Members of Parliament being a little rid of the yoak of the Army and Cromwel that were now at a distance and seriously considering how ill all the People of the Kingdom would resent the injuries done to the King and how ticklish their own affairs stood they begin to think of Peace and growing wise behind hand against the advice of the Oligarchick Republicans they rescind the Votes of None Addresses by the unanimous consent of both Houses They appoint a Conference with the King for composing Differences but by Commissioners and that in the Isle of Wight For this purpose they commissionate five Lords for the Vpper House and ten Commoners for the Lower The Propositions to be debated in that Conference are prescribed to the Commissioners ¶ That the Translator relates all which verbatim though it be contrary to the designe of this Work and of the Author who hath onely entred the short Articles marked with the numbers I. II.III I hope the Reader will not dislike since the Articles at large contain so excellent a description of the Changes that were then intended to be made in the Government of England that it is thought very fit to publish them according to the perfect Copy printed by order of both Houses the 29th of August 1648. May it please your Majesty WE the Lords and Commons assembled in the Parliament of England in the name and on the behalf of the Kingdoms of England and Ireland and the Commissioners of the Parliament of Scotland in the name and on the behalf of the Kingdom of Scotland Do humbly present unto your Majesty the humble desires and Propositions for a safe and well-grounded Peace agreed upon by the Parliaments of both Kingdoms respectively unto which we do pray your Majesties Assent And that they and all such Bills as shall be tendered to your Majesty in pursuance of them or any of them may be Established and Enacted for Statutes and Acts of Parliament by your Majesties Royal Assent in the Parliaments of both Kingdoms respectively I. WHereas both Houses of the Parliament of England have been necessitated to undertake a War in their just and lawful defence and afterwards both Kingdoms of England and Scotland joyned in Solemn League and Covenant were engaged to prosecute the same That by Act of Parliament in each Kingdom respectively all Oaths Declarations and Proclamations heretofore had or hereafter to be had against both or either of the Houses of the Parliament of England the Parliament of the Kingdom of Scotland and the late Convention of Estates in Scotland or Committees flowing from the Parliament or Convention in Scotland or their Ordinances and Proceedings or against any for adhering unto them or for doing or executing any Office Place or Charge by any Authority derived from them and all Judgments Indictments Outlawries Attainders and Inquisitions in any the said Causes and all Grants thereupon made or had or to be made or had be declared Null suppressed and forbidden And that this be publickly intimated in all Parish-Churches within his Majesties Dominions and all other places needful II. That his Majesty according to the laudable example of his Royal Father of happy memory may be pleased to swear and signe the late Solemn League and Covenant and that an Act of Parliament be passed in both Kingdoms respectively for enjoyning the taking thereof by all the Subjects of the three Kingdoms and the Ordinances concerning the manner of taking the same in both Kingdoms be confirmed by Acts of Parliament respectively with such Penalties as by mutual advice of both Kingdoms shall be agreed upon III. That a Bill be passed for the utter abolishing and taking away of all Archbishops Bishops their Chancellors and Commissaries Deans and Sub-Deans Deans and Chapters Arch-Deacons Canons and Prebendaries and all Chaunters Chancellors Treasurers Sub-Treasurers Succentors and Sacrists all Vicars Choril and Choresters old Vicars and new Vicars of any Cathedral or Collegiate-Church and all other their under-Officers out of the Church of England and Dominion of Wales and out of the Church of Ireland with such alterations concerning the Estates of Prelates as shall agree with the Articles of the late Treaty of the date at Edenburgh 29 November 1643. and joynt Declaration of both Kingdoms IV. That the Ordinances concerning the calling and sitting of the Assembly of Divines be confirmed by Act of Parliament V. That Reformation of Religion according to the Covenant be setled by Act of Parliament in such manner as both Houses have agreed or shall agree upon after consultation had with the Assembly of Divines For as much as both Kingdoms are mutually obliged by the same Covenant to endeavour the nearest Conjunction and Uniformity in matters of Religion That such Unity and Uniformity in Religion according to the Covenant as after consultation had with the Divines of both Kingdoms now assembled is or shall be joyntly agreed upon by both Houses of the Parliament of England and by the Church and Kingdom of Scotland be confirmed by Acts of Parliament of both Kingdoms respectively VI. That for the more effectual disabling Jesuits Priests Papists and Popish Recusants from disturbing the State and deluding the Laws and for the better discovering and speedy conviction of Popish Recusants an Oath be established by Act of Parliament to be administred to them wherein they shall abjure and renounce the Popes Supremacy the Doctrine of Transubstantiation Purgatory worshipping of the Consecrated Hoast Crucifixes and Images and all other Popish Superstitions and Errours and refusing the said Oath being tendred in such manner as shall be appointed by the said Act to
of England and Ireland and Dominion of Wales Isles of Guernsey and Jersey and the Town of Barwick upon Tweed or any part of the said Forces or concerning the Admiralty and Navy or concerning the levying of Moneys for the raising maintenance or use of the said Forces for Land-service or for the Navy and Forces for Sea-service or of any part of them and if that the Royal Assent to such Bill or Bills shall not be given in the House of Peers within such time after the passing thereof by both Houses of Parliament as the said Houses shall judge fit and convenient That then such Bill or Bills so passed by the said Lords and Commons as aforesaid and to which the Royal Assent shall not be given as is herein before expressed shall nevertheless after declaration of the said Lords and Commons made in that behalf have the force and strength of an Act or Acts of Parliament and shall be as valid to all intents and purposes as if the Royal Assent had been given thereunto Provided that nothing herein before contained shall extend to the taking away of the ordinary legal power of Sheriffs Justices of Peace Mayors Bayliffs Coroners Constables Headboroughs or other Officers of Justice not being Military Officers concerning the administration of Justice so as neither the said Sheriffs Justices of Peace Mayors Bayliffs Coroners Constables Headboroughs and other Officers nor any of them do levy conduct employ or command any Forces whatsoever by colour or pretence of any Commission of Array or extraordinary command from his Majesty his Heirs or Successors without the consent of the said Lords and Commons And if any persons shall be gathered and assembled together in warlike manner or otherwise to the number of thirty persons and shall not forthwith disband themselves being required thereto by the said Lords and Commons or command from them or any by them especially authorized for that purpose then such person or persons not so disbanding themselves shall be guilty and incur the pains of High-Treason being first declared guilty of such offence by the said Lords and Commons any Commission under the great Seal or other Warrant to the contrary notwithstanding And he or they that shall offend herein to be incapable of any pardon from his Majesty his Heirs or Successors and their Estates shall be disposed as the said Lords and Commons shall think fit and not otherwise Provided that the City of London shall have and enjoy all their Rights Liberties and Franchises Customs and Usages in the raising and employing the Forces of that City for the defence thereof in as full and ample manner to all intents and purposes as they have or might have used or enjoyed the same at any time before the making of the said Act or Proposition To the end that City may be fully assured it is not the intention of the Parliament to take from them any priviledges or immunities in raising or disposing of their Forces which they have or might have used or enjoyed heretofore The like for the Kingdom of Scotland if the Estates of the Parliament there shall think fit XVII That by Act of Parliament all Peers made since the day that Edward Lord Littleton then Lord Keeper of the Great Seal deserted the Parliament and that the said Great Seal was surreptitiously conveyed away from the Parliament being the one and twentieth day of May 1642. and who shall be hereafter made shall not sit or vote in the Parliament of England without consent of both Houses of Parliament And that all Honour and Title conferred on any without consent of both Houses of Parliament since the twentieth day of May 1642. being the day that both Houses declared That the King seduced by evil Council intended to raise War against the Parliament be declared Null and Void The like for the Kingdom of Scotland those being excepted whose Parents were passed the Great Seal before the fourth of June 1644. XVIII That an Act be passed in the Parliament of both Kingdoms respectively for confirmation of the Treaties passed betwixt the two Kingdoms viz. the large Treaty the late Treaty for the coming of the Scots Army into England and the setling of the Garrison of Barwick of the 29th of November 1643. and the Treaty concerning Ireland of the 6th of August 1642. for the bringing of ten thousand Scots into the Province of Vlster in Ireland with all other Ordinances and Proceedings passed betwixt the two Kingdoms and whereunto they are obliged by the aforesaid Treaties And that Algernon Earl of Northumberland John Earl of Rutland Philip Earl of Pembrooke and Mungomery Theophilus Earl of Lincoln James Earl of Suffolk William Earl of Salisbury Robert Earl of Warwick Edward Earl of Manchester Henry Earl of Stanford Francis Lord Dacres Philip Lord Wharton Francis Lord Willoughby Dudly Lord North John Lord Hunsdon William Lord Gray Edward Lord Howard of Estrick Thomas Lord Bruce Ferdinando Lord Fairfax Mr. Nathaniel Fines Sir William Armine Sir Philip Stapilton Sir Henry Vane senior Mr. William Perpoint Sir Edward Aiscough Sir William Strickland Sir Arthur Hesilrig Sir John Fenwick Sir William Brereton Sir Thomas Widdington Mr. John Toll Mr. Gilbert Millington Sir William Constable Sir John Wray Sir Henry Vaine junior Mr. Henry Darley Oliver Saint John Esq his Majesties Sollicitor-General Mr. Denzel Hollis Mr. Alexander Rigby Mr. Cornelius Holland Mr. Samuel Vassell Mr. Peregrin Pelham John Glyn Esq Recorder of London Mr. Henry Martin Mr. Alderman Hoyle Mr. John Blakiston Mr. Serjeant Wilde Mr. Richard Barwis Sir Anthony Irby Mr. Ashurst Mr. Bellingham and Mr. Tolson Members of both Houses of the Parliament of England shall be the Commissioners for the Kingdom of England for conservation of the Peace between the two Kingdoms to act according to the Powers in that behalf exprest in the Articles of the large Treaty and not otherwise That his Majesty give his Assent to what the two Kingdoms shall agree upon in prosecution of the Articles of the large Treaty which are not yet finished That an Act be passed in the Parliaments of both Kingdoms respectively for establishing the joynt Declaration of both Kingdoms bearing date the 30th day of January 1643. in England and 1644. in Scotland with the Qualifications ensuing 1 Qualification That the persons who shall expect no pardon be onely these following Rupert Maurice Count Palatines of Rhine James Earl of Darby John Earl of Bristol William Earl of New-castle Francis Lord Cottington George Lord Digby Matthew Wren Bishop of Ely Sir Robert Heath Kt. Dr. Bramhall Bishop of Derry Sir William Widdrington Col. George Goring Henry Jermin Esq Sir Ralph Hopton Sir John Biron Sir Francis Doddington Sir John Strangewayes Mr. Endymion Porter Sir George Radcliffe Sir Marmaduke Langdale Henry Vaughan Esq now called Sir Hen. Vaughan Sir Francis Windibanke Sir Richard Greenvill Mr. Edward Hide now called Sir Edw. Hide Sir John Marley Sir Nicholas Cole Sir Thomas Riddel Jun. Sir John Colepepper Mr. Richard
Lloyd now called Sir Rich. Lloyd Mr. David Jenkins Sir George Strode George Carteret Esq now called Sir Geo. Carteret Sir Charles Dallison Kt. Richard Lane Esq now called Sir Rich. Lane Sir Edward Nicholas John Ashburnham Esq Sir Edward Herbert Kt. his Majesties Attorney-General Lord Rae George Gourdon sometime Marquess of Huntly James Graham sometime Earl of Montross Robert Dalyell sometime Earl of Carnewath James Gordon sometime Viscount of Aboyne Lodowick Linsey sometime Earl of Crawford James Ogley sometime Earl of Airby Alester Madonald Gordon Younger of Gight Col. John Cockram Graham of Gorthie Mr. John Maxwell sometime pretended Bishop of Ross And all such others as being processed by the Estates for Treason shall be condemned before the Act of Oblivion be passed 2 Qualification All Papists and Popish Recusants who have been now are or shall be actually in Arms or voluntarily assisting against the Parliaments or Estates of either Kingdom and by name The Marquess of Winton Edward Earl of Worcester Lord Brudnell Carell Mollinex Esq Lord Arundel of Warder Sir Francis Howard Sir John Winter Sir Charles Smith Sir John Prestan Sir Bazil Brooke Lord Audley Earl of Castlehaven in the Kingdom of Ireland William Shelden of Beely Esquire Sir Henry Beddingfield 3 Qualification All persons who have had any hand in the plotting designing or assisting the Rebellion of Ireland except such persons who having onely assisted the said Rebellion have rendred themselves or come into the Parliament of England 4 Qualification That Humfrey Bennet Esq Sir Edward Ford. Sir John Penruddock Sir George Vaughan Sir John Weld Sir Robert Lee. Sir John Pate John Ackland Edmond Windham Esq Sir John Fitzharbert Sir Edw. Lawrence Sir Ralph Dutton Henry Lingen Esq Sir Hen. Fletcher Sir Rich. Minshall Laurence Halestead John Denham Esq Sir Edmund Fortescue Peter Sainthill Esq Sir Tho. Tildisley Sir Hen. Griffith Michael Wharton Esq Sir Hen. Spiller Mr. Geo. Benyon now called Sir Geo. Benyon Sir Edw. Walgrave Sir Edw. Bishop Sir William Russell of Worcestershire Thomas Lee of Adlington Esq Sir John Girlington Sir Paul Neale Sir William Thorold Sir Edward Hussey Sir Tho. Lyddell Sen. Sir Philip Musgrave Sir John Digby of Nottinghamshire Sir Robert Owseley Sir John Many Lord Cholmley Sir Tho. Aston Sir Lewis Dives Sir Peter Osbourne Samuel Thornton Esq Sir John Lucas John Claney Esq Sir Tho. Chedle Sir Nicholas Kemish Hugh Lloyd Esq Sir Nicholas Cripse Sir Peter Ricaut And all such of the Scottish Nation as have concurred in the Votes at Oxford against the Kingdom of Scotland and their proceedings or have sworn or subscribed the Declaration against the Convention and Covenant and all such as have assisted the Rebellion in the North or the Invasion in the South of the said Kingdom of Scotland or the late Invasion made there by the Irish and their Adherents be removed from his Majesties Councils and be restrained from coming within the Verge of the Court and that they may not without the advice and consent of both Houses of the Parliament of England or the Estates in the Parliament of Scotland respectively bear any Office or have any Employment concerning the State or Commonwealth And in case any of them shall offend therein to be guilty of High-Treason and incapable of any pardon from his Majesty and their Estates to be disposed as both Houses of the Parliament of England or the Estates of the Parliament in Scotland respectively shall think fit And that one full third part upon full value of the Estates of the persons aforesaid made incapable of Employment as aforesaid be employed for the payment of the publick Debts and Damages according to the Declaration Branch 1. That the late Members or any who pretended themselves late Members of either House of Parliament who have not onely deserted the Parliament but have also sate in the unlawful Assembly at Oxford called or pretended by some to be a Parliament and voted both Kingdoms Traytors and have not voluntarily rendred themselves before the last of October 1644. be removed from his Majesties Councils and be restrained from coming within the Verge of the Court. And that they may not without advice and consent of both Kingdoms bear any Office or have any Employment concerning the State or Commonwealth And in case any of them shall offend therein to be guilty of High-Treason and incapable of any pardon by his Majesty and their Estates to be disposed as both Houses of Parliament in England or the Estates of the Parliament of Scotland respectively shall think fit Branch 2. That the late Members or any who pretended themselves Members of either House of Parliament who have sate in the unlawful Assembly at Oxford called or pretended by some to be a Parliament and have not voluntarily rendred themselves before the last of October 1644. be removed from his Majesties Councils and restrained from coming within the Verge of the Court and that they may not without the advice and consent of both Houses of Parliament bear any Office or have any Employment concerning the State or Commonwealth And in case any of them shall offend therein to be guilty of High-Treason and incapable of any pardon from his Majesty and their Estates to be disposed as both Houses of the Parliament of England shall think fit Branch 3. That the late Members or any who pretended themselves Members of either House of Parliament who have deserted the Parliament and adhered to the Enemies thereof and have not rendred themselves before the last of October 1644. be removed from his Majesties Councils and be restrained from coming within the Verge of the Court and that they may not without the advice and consent of both Houses of Parliament bear any Office or have any Employment concerning the State or Commonwealth And in case any of them shall offend therein to be guilty of High-Treason and incapable of any pardon from his Majesty and their Estates to be disposed as both Houses of Parliament in England shall think fit 5 Qualification That all Judges and Officers towards the Law Common or Civil who have deserted the Parliament and adhered to the Enemies thereof be incapable of any place of Judicature or Office towards the Law Common or Civil And that all Serjeants Counsellors and Attorneys Doctors Advocates Proctors of the Law Common or Civil who have deserted the Parliament and adhered to the Enemies thereof be incapable of any practice in the Law Common or Civil either in publick or private and shall not be capable of any preferment or employment in the Commonwealth without the advice and consent of both Houses of Parliament And that no Bishop or Clergy-man no Master or Fellow of any Colledge or Hall in either of the Universities or elsewhere or any Master of School or Hospital or any Ecclesiastical person who hath deserted the Parliament and adhered to the Enemies thereof shall hold or enjoy or be capable of any preferment or employment in Church or Common-wealth
but all their said several preferments places and promotions shall be utterly void as if they were naturally dead nor shall they otherwise use their Function of the Ministry without advice and consent of both Houses of Parliament Provided that no Laps shall incurr by such vacancy until six months past after notice thereof 6 Qualification That all persons who have been actually in Arms against the Parliament or have counselled or voluntarily assisted the Enemies thereof are disabled to be Sheriffs Justices of the Peace Mayors or other head-Officers of any City or Corporation Commissioners of Oyer and Terminer or to sit or serve as Members or Assistants in either of the Houses of Parliament or to have any Military employment in this Kingdom without the consent of both Houses of Parliament 7 Qualification The persons of all others to be free of all personal censure notwithstanding any Act or thing done in or concerning this War they taking the Covenant 8 Qualification The Estates of those persons excepted in the first three precedent Qualifications and the Estates of Edward Lord Littleton and of William Laud late Archbishop of Canterbury to pay publick Debts and Damages 9 Qualification Branch 1. That two full parts in three to be divided of all the Estates of the Members of either House of Parliament who have not onely deserted the Parliament but have also voted both Kingdoms Traytors and have not rendred themselves before the first of December 1645. shall be taken and employed for the payment of the publick Debts and Damages of the Kingdom Branch 2. That two full parts in three to be divided of the Estates of such late Members of either House of Parliament as sate in the unlawful Assembly at Oxford and shall not have rendred themselves before the first of December 1645. shall be taken and employed for the payment of the publick Debts and Damages of the Kingdom Branch 3. That one full moity of the Estates of such persons late Members of either of the Houses of Parliament who have deserted the Parliament and adhered to the Enemies thereof and shall not have rendred themselves before the first of December 1645. shall be taken and employed for the payment of the publick Debts and Damages of the Kingdom 10 Qualification That a full third part of the value of the Estates of all Judges and Officers towards the Law Common or Civil and of all Serjeants Counsellors and Attorneys Doctors Advocates and Proctors of the Law Common or Civil And of all Bishops Clergy-men Masters and Fellows of any Colledge or Hall in either of the Universities or elsewhere And of all Masters of Schools or Hospitals and of all Ecclesiastical persons who have deserted the Parliament and adhered to the Enemies thereof and have not rendred themselves to the Parliament before the first of December 1645. shall be taken and employed for the payment of the publick Debts and Damages of the Kingdom That a full sixth part on the full value of the Estates of the persons excepted in the sixth Qualification concerning such as have been actually in Arms against the Parliament or have counselled or voluntarily assisted the Enemies thereof and are disabled according to the said Qualification be taken and employed for the payment of the publick Debts and Damages of the Kingdom 11 Qualification That the persons and Estates of all Common Souldiers and others of the Kingdom of England who in Lands or Goods be not worth two hundred pounds sterling and the persons and Estates of all Common Souldiers and others of the Kingdom of Scotland who in Lands or Goods be not worth one hundred pounds sterling be at liberty and discharged Branch 1. This Proposition to stand as to the English and as to the Scots likewise if the Parliament of Scotland or their Commissioners shall so think fit Branch 2. That the 1 of May last is now the day limited for the persons to come in that are comprised within the former Qualifications Provided that all and every the Delinquents which by or according to the several and respective Ordinances or Orders made by both or either of the Houses of Parliament on or before the 24th day of April 1647. are to be admitted to make their Fines and Compositions under the rates and proportions of the Qualifications aforesaid shall according to the said Ordinances and Orders respectively be thereto admitted and further also that no person or persons whatsoever except such Papists as having been in Arms or voluntarily assisted against the Parliament have by concealing their quality procured their admission to Composition which have already compounded or shall hereafter compound and be thereto admitted by both Houses of Parliament at any of the rates and proportions aforesaid or under respectively shall be put to pay any other Fine than that they have or shall respectively so compound for except for such Estates or such of their Estates and for such values thereof respectively as have been or shall be concealed or omitted in the particulars whereupon they compound and that all and every of them shall have thereupon their Pardons in such manner and form as is agreed by both Houses of Parliament That an Act be passed whereby the Debts of the Kingdom and the persons of Delinquents and the value of their Estates may be known and which Act shall appoint in what manner the Confiscations and Proportions before-mentioned may be leavied and applied to the discharge of the said Engagements The like for the Kingdom of Scotland if the Estates of Parliament or such as shall have power from them shall think fit XIX That an Act of Parliament be passed to declare and make void the Cessation of Ireland and all Treaties and Conclusions of Peace or any Articles thereupon with the Rebels without consent of both Houses of Parliament And to settle the prosecution of the War of Ireland in both Houses of the Parliament of England to be managed by them and the King to assist and to do no act to discountenance or molest them therein That Reformation of Religion according to the Covenant be setled in the Kingdom of Ireland by Act of Parliament in such manner as both Houses of the Parliament of England have agreed or shall agree upon after Consultation had with the Assembly of Divines here That the Deputy or chief Governour or other Governours of Ireland and the Presidents of the several Provinces of that Kingdom be nominated by both the Houses of the Parliament of England or in the intervals of Parliament by such Committees of both Houses of Parliament as both Houses of the Parliament of England shall nominate and appoint for that purpose And that the Chancellor or Lord Keeper Lord Treasurer Commissioners of the Great Seal or Treasury Lord Warden of the Cinque-Ports Chancellor of the Exchequer and Dutchy Secretaries of State Master of the Rolls Judges of both Benches and Barons of the Exchequer of the Kingdoms of England and Ireland and the Vice-Treasurer and the
Treasurers at Wars of the Kingdom of Ireland be nominated by both Houses of the Parliament of England to continue Quam diu se bene gesserint and in the intervals of Parliament by the afore-mentioned Committees to be approved or disallowed by both Houses at their next sitting The like for the Kingdom of Scotland concerning the nomination of the Lords of the Privy-Council Lords of Session and Exchequer Officers of State and Justice-General in such manner as the Estates of Parliament there shall think fit That the Militia of the City of London and Liberties thereof may be in the ordering and government of the Lord Mayor Aldermen and Commons in Common Council assembled or such as they shall from time to time appoint whereof the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs for the time being to be three to be employed and directed from time to time in such manner as shall be agreed on and appointed by both Houses of Parliament That no Citizen of the City of London nor any of the Forces of the said City shall be drawn forth or compelled to go out of the said City or Liberties thereof for Military service without their own free consent That an Act be passed for the granting and confirming of the Charters Customs Liberties and Franchises of the City of London notwithstanding any Nonuser Misuser or Abuser That the Tower of London may be in the government of the City of London and the chief Officer and Governour thereof from time to time be nominated and removeable by the Common Council And for prevention of inconveniencies which may happen by the long intermission of Common Councils it is desired that there may be an Act that all by-Laws and Ordinances already made or hereafter to be made by the Council assembled touching the calling continuing directing and regulating the same Common Councils shall be as effectual in the Law to all intents and purposes as if the same were particularly enacted by the Authority of Parliament And that the Lord Mayor Aldermen and Commons in Common Council may adde to or repeal the said Ordinances from time to time as they shall see cause That such other Propositions as shall be made for the City for their further safety welfare and government and shall be approved of by both Houses of Parliament may be granted and confirmed by Act of Parliament That all Grants Commissions Presentations Writs Process proceedings and other things passed under the Great Seal of England in the custody of the Lords and other Commissioners appointed by both Houses of Parliament for the custody thereof be and by Act of Parliament with the Royal assent shall be declared and enacted to be of like full force and effect to all intents and purposes as the same or like Grants Commissions Presentations Writs Process Proceedings and other things under any Great Seal of England in any time heretofore were or have been And that for time to come the said Great Seal now remaining in custody of the said Commissioners continue and be used for the Great Seal of England And that all Grants Commissions Presentations Writs Process Proceedings and other things whatsoever passed under or by any authority of any other Great Seal since the 22th day of May Anno Dom. 1642. or hereafter to be passed be Invalid and of no effect to all intents and purposes Except such Writs Process and Commissions as being passed under any other Great Seal than the said Great Seal in the custody of the Commissioners aforesaid on or after the said 22th day of May and before the 28th day of November Anno Dom. 1643. were afterward proceeded upon returned into or put in ure in any the Kings Courts at Westminster And except the Grant to Mr. Justice Bacon to be one of the Justices of the Kings-Bench And except all Acts and proceedings by virtue of any such Commissions of Goal-delivery Assize and Nisi prius or Oyer and Terminer passed under any other Great Seal than the Seal aforesaid in custody of the said Commissioners before the first of October 1642. And that all Grants of Offices Lands Tenements or Hereditaments made or passed under the Great Seal of Ireland unto any person or persons Bodies politick or corporate since the Cessation made in Ireland the fifteenth day of September 1643. shall be null and void And that all Honours and Titles conferred upon any person or persons in the said Kingdom of Ireland since the said Cessation shall be null and void That the several Ordinances the one intituled An Ordinance of Parliament for abolishing of Archbishops and Bishops within the Kingdom of England and Dominion of Wales and for seâ—ing of their Lands and Possessions upon Trustees for the use of the Common-wealth the other intituled An Ordinance of the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament for appointing the sale of Bishops Lands for the use of the Commonwealth be confirmed by Acts of Parliament These were the Conditions of Peace proposed by the Parliament as the subject matter of that Conference which all passionately wished and a great many fought for They were the very same that had been heretofore sent to the King when he was at Hampton-Court and not onely rejected by his Majesty but by the Army also as being too unreasonable they onely differed in this that in those last there was no mention made of the Scots In the mean time the Pacificators are invested with no other authority but that of answering the Royal Arguments and of returning Reasons to induce the King to assent they had no power of softening any Proposition or altering the least word nay nor so much as of omitting the Preface Their Instructions likewise bear that they are to acquaint the Parliament with the Kings Concessions and the whole progress of the Negotiation to treat altogether in writing nay and to debate the Propositions as they lay in order not descending to a new Proposition until the former was adjusted Nor was it thought enough that the Conditions and Commissioners were so strictly limited they confine the Conference also to the Town of Newport in the Isle of Wight and the continuance of it to the space of forty days The King also who was to be present at the Conference was so far well treated as to be permitted to come out of his Prison and have that Island allowed him for a larger confinement but upon promise given that he would not depart out the Island within forty days after the conclusion of the Conference and the sly Oligarchick and Democratick Republicans who had a hand in the Councils were the Authors of those scruples and restrictions With great caution the Parliament permitted some of his Majesties necessary Servants by name some Lawyers Divines and a Secretary to be present but not to be admitted into the Conference onely to be without behind the Curtain in the Lobby So that the King alone was singly to sustain the person of a Politician and Divine against the
Youth Unhappy English who with blind rage have consumed the Relicts of the Palatinat and accursed Broils of Britain that shipwrack't that Life which escaped the Sword of Austria I should give way to lamentations if our shame could add Glory to the Dead or give comfort to the surviving Family But a Valiant man is not to be by womanish houling lamented neither does true Grief require an ambitious pomp of Words nor great sorrow admit it Let us only then which is all we can do with our Tears wash out the stain of our unlucky Age to which Crime it is no small accession that the Ocean and other World are also polluted with the destruction of the Royal Family But Prince Rupert which was some comfort having sent his Goods into France with much adoe was saved I return to Portugal from whence the steam of Sugar attracted an Ambassadour to London Now would God the Supreme disposer of all things suffer that so remarkable constancy of so good a King should turn to the dammage of his Subjects For the Ships being restored the War that was threatened was upon supplication averted a new League made and the Peace afterward more religiously observed The Rebels indeed think it below them to make reparation for dammages yet they make them good by a War they were to engage in with the Dutch and Spaniards to the great advantage of the Portuguese I mention not the Glory of assisting distressed Princes a rare thing amongst Kings But after all he himself has no cause to fear but that his kindness shew'd to a King heretofore in distress will by the same Prince who never forgets those that have deserved well of him now raised to the Throne of his Ancestours and joyned to him in Affinity be repayed to him and his Subjects with plentiful interest But now we have affairs nearer home and with the Dutch again to consider Strickland having long resided in Holland as Ambassadour is now slighted and being allowed no more a place in the Assembly of the States he returns home But that the Parricides might repay one Affront with another they command Jacobin Vanodenskirk the Dutch Ambassadour to depart the Kingdom of England upon pretext that the King being dead the Negotiation with the States was now at an end But soon after as if they repented what they had done Schaepie is sent to treat of Peace who though he was but an Agent and empowred only by one City to wit Amsterdam to treat yet by the Rump-Parliament he is honoured with the Title of Ambassadour who take occasion on the other hand to send two Ambassadours with Royal and Magnificent Equipage to wit Oliver St. Jones one of the Members of the Rump-Parliament and Lord Chief Justice of the Common-Pleas and Walter Strickland These have Instructions To clap up a Peace and that by a Coalition of both Nations into one they might live under the same Government have the mutual Priviledges of Habitation Trading and Harbours of each Country indifferently But these were not to be divulged but piece and piece and by degrees if they found the People inclineable and fit to comply with such Propositions But the States had no inclination to settle a Peace until they found the success of the affairs in Scotland But after much adoe having at length given Audience to the Ambassadours they put them off from day to day till they proposed at long run some long winded Articles of Peace drawn up in the time of Henry VII to be considered which so soon as the Ambassadours had rejected they devise others to drive away time until the Ambassadours finding themselves fooled might hasten their departure But during their stay in Holland the States were necessitated to place a Guard at their Door nor was that sufficient to secure them from Affronts but that their Windows were every night broken or they themselves disturbed by I know not what Bug-bears and Apparitions There was also a strong report that a certain Relation of St. Jones came to his House that with a Bow-string he might strangle him after the manner of the Turks Mutes but that because he saw no way to escape if he had committed the Fact he abstained from attempting it The Ambassadours being startled at these things and daily fearing worse and not knowing how long they might stay nor what answer bring back they return without any effect of their Negotiation But great were the Disorders that this Affront occasioned and severe was the Revenge which the Parricides hatched in their Hearts being resolved that if the affairs in Scotland succeeded according to their wishes they would never rest nor sheath their Sword before they had forced by Arms the Conditions which by Ambassadours they could not obtain In the mean time they thought it enough at present to give out Letters of Reprisal and by other mens hands revenge the Injuries done to themselves and to make an Act that no Merchandise of what Country soever it were should be brought into England unless imported in English Bottoms by English Sea-men or fraighted by English Merchants Let us make a trip over to Sweden the Queen whereof had lately sent an Envoy to Compliment and Congratulate the Regicides To her therefore Whitlock is sent in a splendid Embassie to return the Honour and Compliment and also to make Peace with her to which she very willingly consented But the Queen being shorttly after removed or to use a softer expession having resigned the Crown the King of Sweden sends over a Reciprocal and no less Honourable Embassy by the Lord Christopher Bond a Senator of the Kingdom to Cromwell who then had the chief administration of the Government The Isles of Silly lay very convenient for molesting the Trade of the English There the Royalists cruising too and again with four or five small Vessels did no little hurt to the Regicides and would have done much more could they have been morgaged to the Dutch as it was commonly reported For plucking out of this Thorn great preparations are made at Plimouth not above fifteen Leagues distant from the Islands Where Blake and Popham having provided some small Vessels and Boats they take the opportunity and set Sail from thence in the night time with three hundred Souldiers besides Sea-men and having had a fair Wind next morning they come to the Land There are in all ten adjacent Islands divided only by narrow Passages of an Eddy Sea and on all sides secured by Shelves and Rocks In three hours time they take Threscoe and Briari with the loss of fifteen Men but of the Garrison a Boat being sunck about fourty were drowned one hundred and twenty made Prisoners and about fourty Guns taken which the Royalists out of two Friggats had planted upon the shoar The raging of the Sea appeasing the Fury of the Souldiers made for two days time a Cessation not unlike to a
evidence and he infamous too was sufficient to the partial and mercenary Judges for the fellow was afterwards for the same deposition convicted of perjury who having given under his hand contrary to what he had sworn to the Judges eyes bely'd his venal Tongue These are the counterfeiters of Commissions of the King's Signet forgers of writings and hands and the Cony-catchers of Novices They of their own accord give men Authority to raise Soldiers and then turn that Authority to their ruine Deliver Letters which they venture to do though as they say upon the Peril of High Treason and then inform the Soldiers that they might seize the Parties with the Letters bring them before the new Court and point blank condemn them to Death In the mean time there was no accusing of the clandestine authors of the Villany and far less bringing them to Justice So that it clearly appeared that these were not the crimes of private men but publickly deliberated forged in the shop of the Politicians and committed to the Myrmidons who as Jackcalls to the Lyons might make it their business to hunt out for Crimes which the High Court of Justice might run down The Scots being long uncertain what to do and divided into divers Factions at length resolve upon Monarchical Government and proclaming CHARLES the Second King A few who relished a Republick being of the same mind with the Regicides concealed their rancour not daring to discover themselves nor resist But upon what Conditions he should be admitted to the Throne is seriously debated nor never well agreed upon Most of the Highlanders firmly maintain that no other Articles are to be demanded of his Majesty but the ancicient promises which the Laws injoyned at the inauguration of Kings Others to wit the Covenanters would have him first to subscribe the Solemn League and Covenant give signs of sorrow and repentance for his Father and Mother's sins and all banished and turned out of Court who had carried Arms for his Father or had not as yet taken the Covenant I mention not the rest as being but a few whose minds were either corrupted by Bribes and Pensions from the Regicides or were infected with the contagion of their Friends the Democraticks and who urged severer terms that they might raise new scruples and cut off all way for the King's admission At length the middle party prevailing CHARLES the Second is by Heralds in all publick Place proclaimed King of Scotland England and Ireland In the mean while the debate growing long in the Convention of Estates and Committee of the Kirk who were to consider of the matter and to draw it up into Form they themselves at length resolve to send Windram Laird of Libberton to try the Kings mind who having delivered him Letters full of sorrow and regret for the horrid and unparallelled Murder of his Father assures him that the Scots were ready to obey him had proclaimed him King and Successour to the Crown and that upon the following Conditions they would admit him to the Supreme administration of the Government The Proposals were to this effect That the King should subscribe the Solemn League and Covenant and consent by act of Parliament that all his Subjects should take it confirming all that they had done for that purpose That he should confirm the acts of the two last Sessions of the Parliament which condemns Duke Hamilton's late engagement and irruption into England That he should recal his Commission to Montross whereby he had Power to raise Souldiers in Scotland or bring them into Scotland from abroad That he would renounce his right of Negative Vote That he would suffer no Papist about him and lastly that he would appoint a place in Holland where Commissioners might wait upon his Majesty for adjusting of these proposals and of other things that might be previous to his voyage These Proposals were made in the Isle of Jersey where the King with many of his Courtiers then was who having received the Letters made Windram very welcome and not long after sent Sir William Fleeming to the Scottish Nobility and Committee of the Kirk with Letters of reciprocal congratulation At length he writes to them by Windram That he was well pleased with their obedience and indignation against the Regicides exhorts them that they would seriously endeavour the restoring of Peace and Concord that for that end he should not be wanting in any thing and bids them for that purpose send Commissioners to Breda with whom he would treat about the re-establishing of Peace The King being willing to deliberate about these matters more seriously privately demands the Opinions of his Friends writing to those whose Affairs hindered them from waiting Personally upon him But so many Heads so many Minds yet the Opinions were divided chiefly into two Some perswade him not at all to listen to the Scots there being treachery hid under the specious Cloak of obedience They represent to him his Father as an Instance of it who had been long gull'd with fair promises until he was forced to be severe to his most faithful Subjects and then afterward was delivered up to the pleasure of the Faction That they would cloath him with the Name and Title of a King but keep all the Power and real Authority in their own hands And that if he offered for the future to resist and get his neck from under the Yoke they would deliver him up to the English Regicides or kill him with their own hands That he would do better to stick by Montross than by the united Forces of Scotland whom he had found to be faithful and brave in doubtful and difficult times and magnanimous and fortunate at a pinch that with his own and the Forces of his Friends succours from abroad and the aid of the English Irish and Scots he might mount his Throne in spight of all the attempts and endeavours of his Enemies Others again magnified the Authority of Parliament and the Power of the Covenanters giving it out that the English also who loved Presbytery secretly favoured the Scots though at present they discovered not themselves that it would procure him likewise reputation abroad to be owned King of Scotland That the Queen also exhorted him to make Peace with the Scots who though at first they proposed severe and grievous Conditions of Union yet his Majesty would in progress of time obtain more easie terms the Covenanters by long conversation and frequent Offices being won over to calmer and milder Dispositions that they consulted their own Interests under the Veil of Divine Worship and Cloak of Religion and that by complying with the Times he would at length find the Scots more tractable and submissive to his his Will and Pleasure Thus the King betwixt Scylla and Charybdis was for some time at a stand uncertain to what side to adhere but resolving to determine himself for
so many dangers under the protection of Almighty God they all safely arrived in the Spey The People were not a little gladded by the Kings Landing in Scotland testifying their Joys with Shouts and Acclamations and Bonefires But the Commissioners that with shew of greater Honour they might conduct him to Edinburrough put back those that in sense of Duty came to salute and honour him and beat off others with Fists and Sticks that more importunately approached He was splendidly entertained by the Magistrates of Aberdeen who for a pledge of their Love presented him with fifteen hundred Marks which he distributed amongst his indigent and almost famished Servants And that occasioned a Proclamation for securing their Money That such as thought fit to bestow any thing for the interest of the King it should only be brought into the publick Treasury The Magistrates of Dundee entertained him likewise magnificently saving that a Member of Montross was to be seen upon a Poll on the top of the Town Hall and that the Estates urged him to sign new Articles Afterwards he came to Edinburrough amidst the reiterated and joyful Acclamations of all the People and is again by the Heralds proclaimed King of Scotland England and Ireland The Kings Majesty is managed according to the pleasure of some Commissioners access is allowed to such as they thought fit all others being kept back His Guard is Commanded by the Lord Lorn Son to the Marquess of Argile by whom all the avenues are observed that no man might envy that splendid custody In the mean time the Presbyterian Ministers talk of nothing but Crimes now inveighing against the Sins of his Father and by and by again against the Idolatry and Heresie of his Mother and the obstinacy of both towards the Reformation the Government and Church of Christ They never rest telling him of Wars Slaughter Bloodshed of his Education and living amongst Bishops Men of no Religion and that in a saucy manner without the least sense of reverence or shame Labouring to make him a new Creature by lessons of Repentance and Humility severe rebukes and admonitions that he might carry his Cross before he put on his Crown and mount by the Valley of Bacha to the Throne of regal Authority And all these things they so absurdly and clownishly set about that their Doctrins and Instructions were more apt to make him nauseate and eternally hate their ways than to gain him to a liking or assent to their Opinions The King one evening walking in the Garden a couple of dapper Covenant Levites making up to him and very severely chid him for profaning the Lords Day by a Walk though he had heard two Sermons and been publickly at Morning and Evening Prayers that day besides other private Meditations that he was much given to The Laity also instead of a Crown of Gold shining with Jewels which they bragg'd they would Crown him with the precious Stones being secretly and by degrees pick'd out of it give him one of Feathers such as Demetrius truly said no man in his senses would stoop and take up from the ground by allowing him his Robes the Name of Majesty and Ensigns of a King with the troubles and difficulties of doing Justice though that also must be administred after their way whilst they invaded and reserved to themselves the substantial Prerogatives of making Laws and Peace and War But these things could not be so kept up from the Regicides though the Parliaments claw'd one another with mutual signs of good-will by Conferences and Messengers at least no Hostility as yet appears but that by their Friends and Emissaries in Holland and Scotland who were well paid for their pains they were informed of the whole series of the pacification And therefore they consult how they might provide before hand against a storm that haug over their heads There was an Army in readiness under the Command of Fairfax but that General was not very prone to enter into a War with the Scots who had not as yet provoked the English by any injuries they suspected him rather to have a kindness for that Nation and to be inwardly displeased at the Murder of the King and subversion of the Government They therefore recal Cromwell out of Ireland to give him the charge of the Scottish War He quickly returning home Crowned with Victories and Success in a triumphant manner entred London amidst a crowd of Attendants Friends Citizens and Members of the Rump-Parliament Guarded by a Troop of Horse and a Regiment of Foot and amongst them Fairfax himself went out two miles to meet him and congratulate his Arrival But when they were come to Tyburn the place of publick Execution where a great croud of spectators were gathered together a certain flatterer pointing with his finger to the Multitude Good God! Sir said he what a number of People come to welcome you home He smiling made answer But how many more do you think would flock together to see me hanged if that should happen There was nothing more unlikely at that time and yet there was a presage in these words which he often repeated and used in discourse The Regicides and he having consulted it is thought fit to ease the Lord Fairfax of the burden and Cromwell is declared Captain General of all the Forces in England Scotland and Ireland who undertakes the War against the Scots having ordered Souldiers and Provisions to be sent towards Berwick The Scots instantly send Letters to the Rump-Parliament Cromwell and Haselrigg Governour of New-Castle wherein they complain that the Rump-Parliament design an Invasion of their Country and that contrary to the Vnion agreed upon betwixt both Nations and the publick Faith mutually given no War being denounced the Cause not published nor their Answers expected without giving them time to repent if they had offended in any thing But that the Scene might be continued The English Officers give an Answer The summ of which that the Genius of these times may the better appear to Posterity I shall here shortly relate And after a Preface it was to this purpose We are blamed for the Murder of the King for which we are bound rather to give God thanks and applaud the Parliament since the King was guilty of more bloodshed than the cruelty of all his Predecessours an obstinate Enemy of Reformation and of all good men who besides taught his Son to follow his footsteps Him the sounder part of the People the timorous and bad Members being secluded justly put to death God Almighty show'd them the who way at first approving it by wonderful successes and continual benedictions What is on the other hand objected that the Treaty the Law of Arms and the League and Covenant are violated by a War made before it be denounced but that Treaty is already abrogated by Hamilton at the Command of his own Parliament unless it be thought that the English
be sifted A Ship bound for the Isle of Man to acquaint the Earl of Derby with the whole Scheme of the matter was by stress of weather accidentally forced into Air The Souldiers searching the Ship detect the secret afterwards the Conspiratours are brought to Examination at London and by the mutual accusations one of another the whole Intrigue was laid open That at the instigation of Massey and some Scots they had designed to raise Money and Arms and therewith levy an Army in Scotland which being joyned to Ker the Duke of Buckingham Lord Wilmot and Massie should invade England Of this are accused Jenkins Case Drake Love and many other Ministers besides Lay-Men Gibbons Cook Potter c. Adams Alured Bains and others are brought in who had taken the League and Covenant of the three Nations as they used to call it and had served under Essex and who professed that they had stood on the Covenanters side that they might pump out all things but were secretly of another mind that they might so be able to give a clearer Evidence before the High Court of Justice all of them being convicted are condemned to Death which two undauntedly suffered one of whom that I may take notice of it by the by by an unseasonable Sermon formerly disturbed the treaty of Vxbridge rashly inveighing against all Reconciliation as if it were not lawful for those that professed the Christian Religion to have any Peace or Commerce with the Followers of Antichrist giving that Name to the Royalists The rest being sufficiently warned by the punishment of those two and professing Sorrow and Repentance are one after another gradually dismissed and set at liberty Scarcely was that Conspiracy stifled but a new Sedition arose amongst the Norfolk Suffolk and Cambridge-shire men which was nevertheless smothered in the birth all the undertakers being dispersed of whom in Norfolk alone fifty Men by Sentence of the High Court of Justice were hanged for that attempt And that we may insist no longer upon these Tragedies a great many Welsh in Cardigan-shire gathered together which in a short time might have looked like an Army had not the Forces who were ready in all places round about drawn together and quenched that Fire with Blood But this is only a digression which may somewhat serve to excuse the Scottish Invasion that happened this year But let us return again to Scotland where now the solemn Coronation of the Kings Majesty is appointed to be at Scoon seaven and fourty Kings having heretofore put on the Crown of Scotland in that place where it was performed with as much Pomp considering the times and the diminution of their strength as it had been celebrated in more flourishing ages The Marquess of Argile put the Crown upon his Head with joyful acclamations of the People firing of Guns splendid Feasting and Bonefires in all places And now Scotland is wholly taken up in preparations for War levying of Souldiers raising Money and disciplining the Forces The King himself views the Garrisons that border on Fiffe and Forth and prepares for defence From thence he visits the Highlanders that he might compose the Feuds and Quarrels that were amongst them but as if they had been possessed with Furies and as if fresh flames had burst daily out of the dead Embers they bitterly quarrel and contend about Command and Governments until by order of Parliament the very Names of the Factious are abrogated and all are freely admitted into the Army though Argile opposed it Commissioners are likewise appointed to remove all impediments who have Power given them both of examining and punishing Friends and Favourers of the Rebel Parricides and whilst many received the condign punishments of these Crimes Wariston and Cheeseley timely made their escape to Cromwells Camp The King sets up his Standard at Aberdeen to which from all places about Volunteers and Honorary Souldiers flock in great numbers From thence the King marches to Sterling and having mustered the Army makes Duke Hamilton his Lieutenant General David Leslie Major General Middleton Major General of the Horse and Massey General of the English Troops Having assigned to all their several Offices he Encamps and Entrenches at Torwood four miles from Sterling that he may train up and put Life in his raw and unexperienced Souldiers by Skirmishings and fighting in Parties before he put them to the Tryal of a pitcht Battel and that he might in the mean time raise more Forces in the doing whereof whilst the Earl of Eglinton and some other persons of Quality are busie at Dumbarton they are of a sudden surprized by Lilburn Amidst the great Cares and Dangers that all lay under the Kings Birth-day was celebrated with all due Solemnity to the Honour whereof the Town of Dundee made splendid presents to wit A most excellent Pavilion six Field-pieces with Carriages and Ammunition and which procured them greatest thanks a compleat well armed Regiment of Horse a mark of true Affection Cromwell in the mean time loyters not but his Souldiers being furnished with new Cloaths Money and all other necessaries sent from London through New-bridge and Hamilton he marches to Torwood where furiously moving too and again he views in all places if an attempt might any where be made upon the Camp But when he found it so well fortified on all sides that without danger there was nothing to be attempted upon it having taken Calendar House he dares the Scots to come out Overton in the mean while being provided of Ships flat bottomed Boats and other Vessels for transporting of Horse and Foot with sixteen hundred Foot and four Troops of Horse puts out into the Forth with orders to Land at the Queens Ferry which he easily performed beating off the Scots that resisted him and presently casting up a hasty work he entrenched himself and sends to Lambert to come to his assistance who at the same place passing over two Regiments of Foot and as many of Horse he was met by Colonel Sr. John Brown and Major General Hobourn with four thousand men Horse and Foot It was stoutly fought on both sides but with unhappy success to the Scots of whom two thousand were killed and twelve hundred taken with two and fourty Colours and amongst those Brown who lived not long after the Battle Thus the English got so sure sootting on the other side of Forth that all the Forces of Scotland were not able to drive them thence Whilst these things are done at Forth Cromwell hovers about the King's Camp as if he were every minute about to attack them but onely to the end that he might keep them in play until Lambert had routed the Scots as we have just now related The King now leaving Torwood encamps in Sterling Park But the Scots seized with a panick fear upon the first summons surrender the Castle of Inchgarvey an impregnable
having sent before him five thousand Prisoners who being sufficiently exposed to the Scoffs and derision of the People are either clapt up in Prisons or sent to the New World there to drudge in the Sugar Mills In the mean time Monck who was deservedly afterwards Created Duke of Albermarle being made General of the English Forces to the number of six thousand which Cromwell had left behind him in Scotland attacques Sterling-Castle and takes it by surrender with all the Guns Ammunition much Provision five thousand Arms the Registers Coffers Jewels and several Monuments and Relicks of Kings together with that lofty Inscription Nobis haec invicta dedere centum sex proavi Colonel Alured surprised and took the Aged Earl of Levin the Earl of Crawford-Lindsey Lord Ogilby and many other Noblemen whilst they were met for raising of Soldiers at Ellet a Town in Pearthshire Sir Philip Musgrave also the Provost of St. Johnstone and others being about the same business are taken at Dumfrise But Dundee because it had the boldness to hold out was stormed and taken by assault and the whole Town left to the mercy of the Soldiers who kill'd and plunder'd all they found Aberdeen and other Towns and Forts being warned by this sad example of their own accord yielded to the Enemy A little after the Marquess of Argile made a shew of maintaining the Interest of the Kingdom as also the Highlanders but having obtained indifferent good Conditions they also yield and submit their necks to the English Yoke Afterward four Citadels are built strong both by Art and Situation to which by Sea men and Provisions might easily be transported from England to wit at Air Innerness St. Johnston and Leith besides Sterling Castle standing on the Brow of a Hill and Edingburrough Castle which we described before Nay in every County they keep a Garison in some Castle or other that if any new Rebellion should arise they might have opportunity to suppress it where-ever it happened in Scotland Nor could the main Land of Scotland put bounds to the Victory of the English who slighting the dangers of those raging and voracious Seas carry their Victories over to the Isles Orkney and Shetland But as when the Serpent is bruised in the Head he often threatens with his Tail so the Marquess of Huntley Earls of Glencairn and Athol Midleton and others stir the Embers and raise new flames of a War But Morgan easily reduced them having before they could joyn routed the chief of them Henceforward they who had been accustomed to be most unruly and disobedient when occasion of Kicking offered are fain to bite upon the Bit and upon capitulation promise to live quietly for the future Now are Judicatures and Courts of Justices opened in Scotland for which end amongst other Itinerary Judges are sent from England George Smith John Marss Edward Moseley to whom were added of the Scots the Lord Craighall Lockhart and Swinton not to be forgotten A Council of State is also made up of English not of the best Quality who were matched by some Scots mingled with them nay in every Shire a Meeting is called wherein renouncing the King they are obliged to subscribe to the English Government and to unite into one Common-wealth with the English And at length they are commanded to send thirty Commissioners to the Parliament of England Nor is it to be denyed but that they were English though from Scotland who were appointed to that Office except the Marquess of Argile and Laird of Swinton which two were the only Scots that hearded themselves into that Parliament The use of Arms is likewise denyed to that Nation nay and of Horses also except only for some necessary ends and uses Besides their Commerce and Negotiations with Foreigners are narrowly observed lest under that pretext they might hatch mischief against the Common-wealth of England So much they got by disturbing the quiet of England and by medling in the stirs and troubles of others nay and by being the Authors of the innumerable Calamities which we suffered So they fell into the Pit that they dug for us and were taken in the Snares which they had laid for the Innocent nor was there any hopes of a Deliverer or an Avenger till God should think fit to look down from his Mountain and having chastised the perverseness of the People have Mercy upon them But so much for Scotland let us therefore leave it and return to matters that properly concern our selves Jersey must now come upon the Stage for the subduing whereof Hains with great preparations of Soldiers and all things necessary is empowred who passing over thither with about seventy sail of Ships great and small for three days space was beat off from several places of the Island by Sir George Cartright Governour of the Island since deservedly Vnder Chamberlain of the King's Houshold though sooner than was expected he afterward obtained the Victory For making a descent in the night time and Bovil who commanded the Cavalier Party doing his utmost to hinder the Enemies Landing being killed in the first Encounter the rest seized with a sudden fear and Consternation are put to flight The Inhabitants after that submitted to the will and pleasure of their new Masters Elizabeth Castle also standing upon a Rock and at high water encompassed by the Sea being battered and torn with great Guns and Mortar-Peeces one of which was so fatal as at one blow to kill or mangle eight and forty Soldiers after two Months siege capitulates upon Condition that the Governour and Garison with Bag and Baggage should have liberty to pass over into France Next follows the Isle of Mann this place though defended by Feminine Valour to wit by the Countess of Derby yet vied so much in honour with men that it was doubtful whether in the Royal Cause Sir George Cartright or she fell the last Victim under the Hands of the Traytors All the Provinces thus subdued an Act of Oblivion passes whereby the memory of what was past being abolished all Crimes whatsoever are pardoned But this was hampered with so many Limitations Restrictions Exceptions and ensnaring Clauses that there was little hopes for true Penitents to expect any good from it But such however as it was Cromwell alone was to be thanked for it by him chiefly it was proposed and by his means and endeavours it past in the Rump-Parliament that by so doing he might by a shew of kindness claw the suffering and vanquished People and at the same time heap hatred and indignation upon the Heads of his fellow Traytors For now forsooth it was time to put an end to Rapine and Violence Did they take so much pleasure in undoing Estates and ruining Families There was enough allowed to anger and revenge That it was altogether fit to shew Clemency and Mercy to the Guilty who having sufficiently payed for their faults
Fellow-Subjects some of them who had more sense upon a day appointed went with their Speaker to attend him earnestly beseeching him to take upon himself the Supreme Authority now again fallen at his Feet Cromwell made a shew of wonder denying utterly and rejecting it but at length with much ado suffered himself to be prevailed upon but with this Condition That an Instrument or Form of the Thing under Hand and Seal should be given him This being done though the Inferiour Officers of the Army and the Republicans were against it who promised to themselves profitable Places under that Government and a Licencious Liberty of domineering or at least constant and standing Commands in the Army yet Lambert who at present promised himself the Second Place in the Government and afterterwards the First hiding a proud Ambition under a Cloke of Humility by Words and by his Example persuaded the other Officers not onely to comply with that Monarchy but also to stickle for and desire it So now the Name of a Commonwealth stinks and the Popular State which heretofore they gloried in is despised The Single Government of One Person onely pleases them and what heretofore they had cursed with so many private and publick Imprecations after a Consultation with the Officers is declared to be the Government of this Nation Yet Cromwell would not accept of it by the Title of KING though he was persuaded to it by many lest he might seem to make Shipwrack of all Modesty and too openly to prevaricate But joyning together a Common-wealth and Single Government which formerly were inconsistent under the Title of Protector he takes into his Hands the Reins of Government modelled according to the Conditions of an Instrument which here we shall insert THE Instrument of Government THat the Supreme Legislative Authority should be in a Single Person and the People in Parliament but the Administration thereof to be left to the Lord Protector and to his Council whereof the Number was not to be above Twenty and one That all Charters Patents Writs and Commissions should be passed by the Protector All Power of Magistracy Honours and Titles to be deriv'd from him Likewise the Pardon of all Offences excepting Treason and Murder He also to have the Administration of all things with the Advice of his Council and according to the Tenor of this Instrument That the Militia sitting the Parliament should be in the disposal of the Protector and the Parliament but in the Intervals in the Protector and his Council The Power also of making Peace and War with Foreign Princes to be in the Protector and his Council but he to have no Authority of Repealing or Making any Laws without the Consent of Parliament That the Parliament should be called before the end of Six Months then next ensuing and afterwards once in Three years or oftner if need require and that it should not be in the Protector 's Power to Dissolve the same for the first Five Months without the Consent of the House That the Number of Members for England should consist of full Four hundred Elected according to an equal Distribution for Scotland Thirty and for Ireland the like Number the Number for each County and City to be also assigned That the Calling of such Parliament should be under the Seal of the Commonwealth by Writs to the Sheriff in the Protector 's Name But if the Protector should not call the same within the times limited the Chancellor then to do it under the Penalty of High Treason and if he should fail therein then that the Sheriffs should peform it And after such Election should be made to be transmitted by the Chief Magistrate by Indenture to the Chancellor signed with his Hand Twenty days before the Sitting of the same Parliament Also if the Sheriff or Mayor should make a false Return that he be fined in Two thousand Marks That none should be capable to Elect who had ever born Arms against the Parliament or been Actors in the Irish Rebellion Nor that any Papist should ever be capable to give his Voice And that all Elections against these Rules should be void and the Transgressors fined at Two years Value of their Revenues and a third part of their Goods That no Person under the age of One and twenty years should be capable of being Elected nor any other than of known Credit fearing God and of good Behaviour No Man likewise to have Power of Electing whose Estate should not be worth 20 l. per An. Sterling That the Return of the Persons Elected should be transmitted by Prothonotary in Chancery unto the Council of State within two days after they should come to his Hands to the end that Judgment might be made of the Persons if any Question should arise touching the Lawfulness of the Choice That Sixty Members should be accounted a Parliament in case the rest be absent Nevertheless that it should be lawful to the Protector to call a Parliament when he shall see cause That the Bills agreed on in Parliament should be presented to the Protector for his Assent thereto and if he should not give his Assent to them within Twenty days that then they should have the force of Laws without it That if any Counsellor of State should die or be outed of his Place for Corruption in the Intervals of Parliament the Protector with the rest of the Council to substitute another in his stead That a certain Annual Tax should be made throughout the Three Commonwealths for the Maintenance of Ten thousand Horse and Fifteen thousand Foot which Tax should also supply the Charge of the Navy And that this Rate should not be lessened or altered by the Parliament without the Consent of the Protector and his Council But if it should not be thought necessary hereafter that any Army should be maintained then whatsoever Surplusage of this Tax should be to be kept in the Treasury for sudden Emergencies That if there might happen to be occasion of making extraordinary Choices and to raise new Forces it should not be done without Consent of Parliament but that in the Intervals of Parliament it should be lawful for the Protector and his said Council both to make new Laws and to raise Monies for the present Exigencies That all the Lands Forests and Jurisdictions not then sold by the Parliament whether they had belonged to the King Queen Prince Bishops or any Delinquents whatsoever should thenceforth remain to the Protector That the Office of Protector should thenceforth be Elective but that none of the King's Line should be ever capable thereof and that the Election should belong to the Council That for the present Oliver Cromwell should be Protector That the Great Offices of the Commonwealth viz. Chancellor Keeper of the Seal Governour of Ireland Admiral Treasurer in case they should become void in Parliament-time to be filled up by the approbation of Parliament and in the Intervals by the like approbation
of the Council That the Christian Religion as it is contained by Holy Scripture should be the Publick Profession of the Nation and that those who were to have the Care thereof should have their Support from the Publick so that it be with some other more convenient Maintenance and less subject to Envy than by Tythes That no Man shall be by any Fine or Penalty whatsoever forced to Comply with the said Publick Profession otherwise than by Persuasions and Arguments That no man Professing Faith in Christ should be prohibited the Exercise of his own Religion so that he disturb not any other but that neither Popery or Prelacy should be permitted the least Favour or Licence and that all Laws to the contrary should be void That all Agreements made by Parliament should be firm and stable All Articles of Peace made with Domestick Enemies made good That all Protectors in their Order should be obliged by Oath at their first taking upon them the Government by all means to procure the Peace Welfare and Quiet of the Commonwealth by no means to violate the present Agreements and lastly to his Power to administer all things according to the Laws Statutes and Customs of England To these Conditions Cromwell swears and then cunningly chuses his Privy-Counsellors which he so dexterously pack'd that though they differed in Quality and Inclinations amongst themselves yet all were equally at his devotion Of every Sect he chuses some Leading Men by whose means he might gain the rest of the same Stamp Officers also of the Army especially the Higher and those who were most in Favour and Authority with the People Amongst them were Anabaptists Independents and Presbyterians Irish and Scots all sorts of Republicans and until all Liberty of Ingenuous Minds was restrained some Royalists also The Reins of these so many and different Opinions Factions Nations and Sects the skilful Driver being himself of no Faith nor certain Profession took into his Hands and turned them at his pleasure now inclining to one side now to the other sometime approving the greater and sometime the smaller number of Votes being ready at every turn to dismiss those that were head-strong And thus assisted by his Counsellors he takes upon him the Administration of the Commonwealth Out of fear few withstand this so great a Change in Affairs and many applaud it Those who are of a contrary Opinion stand in amaze and conceal their Thoughts Presbyterians Independents Royalists Neutralists and all chuse rather to acquiesce under his Government than eternally to be enslaved to the Pleasure of mad Fanaticks The exulting Soldiers are cock-a-hoop Now Colleges are freed from the fear of Ruine the Common-Laws are secured from danger the Nobility though maimed yet still seemed to be in being the Presbyterians secure of their Tythes and Discipline though not coactive triumph nor are the Royalists much grieved being now sure of a Single Person and hoping that the Scepter and Crown after one or two Turns more would at length be setled upon the right Basis the Royal Family Every Commander of the Army talks of Golden days as if now their Places were to last for ever nor does the meanest Soldier despair but that by degrees he may mount to the top of the Government But Lambert and other Chief Officers besides the plentiful Estates wherewith they are enriched at present skip for joy that they are admitted into a share of the Government hoping within a little after the death of the aged Protector to be raised higher Amidst these Domestick Revolutions at home England wanted not a Foreign Enemy they had a heavy War with Holland upon their Shoulders which being begun two years before and till then continued seemed like to terminate in the Ruine of one of the two Nations had not God othewise decreed The Dutch were netled at the Letters of Reprisal which being promiscuously granted Pyrats from all Places who liked better to live by Rapine than by honest Courses infesting the Seas had taken above Fourscore Sail of Ships as also at the Order of Parliament That no Goods should be Imported from abroad unless in English Bottoms or Ships of the Country where the Commodities were originally to be had And that People were too late foolishly bent upon War For when it was in their Power to have assisted the King against His Rebellious Subjects then would they neither aid Him with Counsel Money Intercession Credit nor any other way nay I wish it might not be said that some of them assisted the Rebels But now when the Princes of Europe vailed their Crowns and Scepters before the Parricides they think themselves able to make Head against them and vie for Pre-eminence Nothing now is to be heard amongst them but forthwith resisting Force by Force The Publick Places resound with Ballads and Songs against the Villanous Regicides and Sectarians and Booksellers Shops are adorned with Pictures The Flushingers exceeded all the rest in Folly who boasted that their own Ships alone were able to beat the English But the High and Mighty States were not of that Judgment they were divided into Three Parts One Part was not onely for entertaining a Peace and good Correspondence with the Regicides but also for Leaguing into a stricter Amity Others favouring the Popular Opinion did all that lay in their power to thwart that and that Confederating with Neighbouring Princes they should endeavour to restore the King of Great Britain to the Throne of his Ancestors A third Party taking a middle way thought it best to mind their own Interests carry fair and civilly with the Rebels thereby to secure their Trade and the free use of the Seas but in the mean time if the Parricides carried it high and slighted their Friendship that with a well-appointed Fleet of an hundred and fifty Men of War they should forthwith quell them The last Opinion prevailing Four Embassadours for Pacification are appointed to go into England the Heer 's Catz Schaep Vandeperre and Neuport who had long been resident there They renew the Treaty which St. Johns had broken up beginning at the same Article where he had left off The Oligarchicks hereupon seem sorry for what was past and presaging a future Coalition with the English into one Commonwealth carry very civilly and kindly receive them Then the Dutch Ambassadors without denouncing of War make some mention of an hundred and fifty Men of War which they had in readiness to scowr the Seas from Pyrates and securing Navigation but without any Intention to molest us which was far from their thoughts But in the heat of the Treaty it unluckily fell out that a great Fight hapned betwixt Blake and Trump the Admirals of both Nations but I am uncertain who gave the first Provocation We alledged That the Dutch refused to strike Sail which is a Mark of Prerogative and Dominion that we demand of all Foreign Ships and that Trump being warned to do
mutual Answers and Replies but after much affectation of Words they still fell upon the same Heads again There was no less to do with the private Addresses of different Parties most of the Pettyfogging Lawyers the Commissioners for the Great Seal the Judges and some of the Officers of the Army relying upon the former Reasons entreat urge and earnestly importune him That he would consent to take upon him the Name of King On the other hand the Anabaptists Sectarians and Democratical Republicans by Letters Conferences and Monitory Petitions wearied him with their importunities to the contrary Many also of the Soldiers and inferiour Officers laying their Heads together frame a Petition to the same purpose But he during the whole transaction dismisses all with the same uncertainty and doubts however he severely chid the Soldiers biding them mind their own business for what had they to do with the Resolutions of Parliament that they should look to their Arms and keep themselves modestly within their own bounds not medling in Civil Affairs but that if they did forget their Duty and Obedience neither God Almighty nor he himself would be wanting to reduce them into order The Cavaliers are Tooth and Nail for his complying with the first Advice as being a Matter which they thought would not a little contribute to the reviving of their Cause whilst continual jangling and and dissentions would thereby arise betwixt the Republicans and Cromwell and the Office of King being again introduced the onely Quarrel would then be betwixt two Families which of the two had the better Title the one having it by undoubted right and the other by none at all And besides thereby it would be made manifest for what cause the War was in a great part begun to wit the sole Ambition of Cromwell But he having taken time to weigh with himself all their Opinions thought it more modest and suitable to his Interest to retain his more than Regal Authority circumscribed by no Laws under the submissive Title of Protector than by coveting an August Name render himself ridiculous to the World At length having called the Parliament unto him He tells them That at present he durst not take upon him the Administration of the Government with the Title of King though he was resolved in future Parliaments to introduce it by degrees how humbly soever at present he carried himself and utterly rejected the same I cannot tell whether or not it be worth the mentioning what many interpreted as a bad presage Whilst the Members of Parliament were going up to the Banqueting-House in Whitehall to have the last Debate with Cromwell about that Affair his eldest Son Richard being in company with them the old Stairs by which they mounted being overcharged with weight broke with them so that many fell to the ground of whom not a few had bruises in their Legs and Arms and amongst the rest Richard being grievously wounded lay by it a long time But since Cromwell refused the Title of King the Parliament by the superiority of two Voices onely confirmed to him that of Protector which he had taken before and that they might not seem to have done nothing at all they agreed about reforming the Instrument of Government and added a House of Peers or Lords to be chosen by him That these Men might as occasion offered be a check sometimes to the Commons when they proceeded too hastily They give him likewise Power of appointing his Successour or next Heir That no Man however lawfully elected according to the above-mentioned Conditions should under any pretext whatsoever be excluded from sitting in Parliament On a day appointed the Members march to Westminster-hall there solemnly to Inaugurate Cromwell and to receive his consent So soon as he had mounted a Stage erected for that purpose round which the Members of Parliament sat Widdrington the Speaker reaching to him the Ensigns of Majesty to wit a long Purple Robe lined wtth Ermin the Holy Bible a Sword and Scepter thus he speaks to him standing near him under a Canopy of State This Robe of Purple is an Emblem of Magistracy and imports Righteousness and Justice when you have put on this Vestment I may say you are a Gown-man This Robe is of a mixt Colour to shew the mixture of Justice and Mercy Indeed a Magistrate must have two Hands Plectentem Amplectentem to cherish and to punish The Bible is a Book that contains the Holy Scriptures in which you have the happiness to be well versed This Book of Life consists of two Testaments's the Old and New The first shews Christum Velatum the second Christum Revelatum Christ Vailed and Revealed It is a Book of Books and doth contain both Precepts and Examples for good Government Here is a Scepter not unlike a Staff for you are to be a Staff to the weak and poor It is of Ancient use in this kind It 's said in Scripture That the Scepter shall not depart from Judah It was of like use in other Kingdoms Homer the Greeek Poet calls Kings and Princes Scepter-bearers The last thing is a Sword not a Military but Civil Sword it is a Sword rather of Defence than Offence not to defend your self onely but your People also If I might presume to fix a Motto upon this Sword as the Valiant Lord Talbot had upon his it should be this Ego sum Domini Protectoris ad protegendum Populum I am the Protectors to protect his People Then having given him his Oath and read over the Articles of Government with sound of Trumpet he is Proclaimed Protector of the Commonwealth of England Scotland and Ireland c. but with faint Acclamations from the People Hence you may understand what and how great things the Power of a Tyrant counterfeit Virtue Lawyers fetches fawning hope anxious fear love of novelty and specious pretexts could against all right and reason bring to pass amongst Men in all things else for most part very Prudent and Wise That in the like case I may use the Words of another These things being thus performed the Parliament shortly after were dismissed for three or four Months and Cromwell has time to make choice of his Peers for the other House But we must not omit to take notice in this place of that unbridled licentiousness of Hereticks which grew greater and greater daily Besides Arrianism against the Divinity of our Saviour Jesus Christ and other abominable Errours which one Biddle profanely and yet safely maintained before the Parliament the Blasphemies also of Copps against the Holy Name of God and Fry who heretofore scattred his Poisons in the Parliament-House besides Erbury who as with impunity he sowed the monstrous Seeds of Heresies amongst the Souldiers and in the City whilst he was in health so dying he breathed out his last in Blasphemy Saltmarsh also and other Sectarians whose Fanatical Errours by the Enthusiasm of Cromwell and the other
Officers of the Army were again conjured from Hell a new and unheard-of Generation of Quakers sprung up of whom the Parliament brought before them a considerable Ring-leader that I shall now briefly discourse of James Naylor was the Man who had heretofore served under Lambert and now had the impudence to personate Jesus Christ imitating his Words Looks and Carriage And to so great madness he grew that his Boldness encreasing through the Applauses of some and the Admiration of others he would represent him in all things For mounting a Horses Colt he came riding towards the City of Bristol those of his Sect strewing the Way with Leaves and Boughs of Trees and crying Hosanna Hosanna Blessed is he that cometh in the Name of the Lord. But the Madness stops not here neither for the distracted Fellow affects Divine Honours as if he could raise the Dead heal the Sick and fast after the Example of Christ At length the Parliament tired out with the continued Clamours of Accusers having cited him to appear before them sentence him to be publickly Whipp'd Pilloried and committed to perpetual Imprisonment But the Parliament being dissolved this Monster of Mankind was set at liberty by an Order of the Rump-Parliament when it revived again About that time Cromwell's Life was in danger from one Sundercome a Republican It was said that he was suborned by Alonso de Cardenas formerly Embassadour in England from the King of Spain and then living in Flanders to kill him He had often taken a House fit for committing the Fact but his Hopes always failing him he got him a Blunderbuss that could discharge twelve Bullets at a time resolving with that out of an Arbor upon the side of the Rode where the Way grows narrow at Hammersmith near London to shoot Cromwell as he past in his Coach to Hampton-Court and forthwith mounting a fleet Horse make his Escape on the opposite side But because there was a necessity of having another privy to the Design when the time that he was to go drew near one Toop belonging to the Guards is engaged in the Plot. But one Assassine betrays another Toop Sundercome who that he might be the first that suffered for Treason under this Government by a new Statute is arraigned and condemned for conspiring the Death of the Protector However some few hours before the time of his designed Execution he was found dead in his Bed though his Body appeared found there being no Marks of Violence either inwardly or outwardly to be discovered Of which thing according to the diversity of Humours People might severally judge as they pleased In the mean while the fiercer Fifth-Monarchy-men and Republicans making all the Preparations they could for a sudden Insurrection against the new Monarchy in the Bud are discovered and presently seised amongst other things a Standard being taken bearing a Lion Couchant with this Inscription Quis suscitabit eum Who shall rouse him This Rising then being wholly defeated Lawson a Sea-Commander Colonel Harrison Rich and several Officers of the Army with Danvers and others who could not endure the Regal Authority of Cromwell are clapp'd up in Prison Lambert also when he perceived that all his Hopes of Succession were cut off by an Ordinance of Parliament began to tack about and strike in with the Republicans Which so soon as Cromwell had notice of he presently recalled his Commission and disbanded him appointing Fleetwood to be next to himself in Power for he thought it neither safe nor fit that he should have the Chief Command in the Army who professed himself an open Enemy to the Civil Government Cromwell in the mean time that he might by fair and gentle means draw over more of the Republicans and endear them to himself promoted many of them into the House of Lords that they might seem to share with himself in the Government but such mean Fellows of no Birth nor Merit raised out of the Dregs of the Rabble who were contemptible and ridiculous to the real Lords and Peers could neither give nor receive any Splendour or Nobility Would ye have a List of some of them Let Pride then lead the Dance a most abject Rascal who had served a Brewer and that he might now with greater security cheat the Publick he purchases a Grant for Brewing Beer for the Protector 's Family and for serving the Fleet at Sea Huson was another who not long before cobbled old Shoes in a Stall Berkstead who heretofore sold Needles Bodkins and Thimbles and would have run on an Errand any where for a little Money but who now by Cromwell was preferred to the Honourable Charge of Lieutenant of the Tower of London Cooper who had been a Haberdasher of Small-wares in Southwark Berry a Woodmonger and Whaley a broken Clothier who had removed into Scotland until the breaking out of the Wars I shall name no more of them that I may not turn the Readers Stomach In the mean time he joyns to them for Companions five or six of the Ancient Nobility and gives them place in the House of Lords who nevertheless refuse to herd with the rest and all refrain the House that they might not pollute their Blood by such a Contagion Others called out of the House of Commons to this Other House prefer their own Seats and will not be reckoned amongst those Peers The two Sons and one Son-in-Law of Cromwell are brought into this House For it is to be observed that he had lately married his two younger Daughters the eldest having formerly married to Cleypole the one to Mr. Rich Nephew to the then Earl of Warwick who lived not long after and the other to the Lord Falconberge of whom now we speak Henry Cromwell his younger Son whom he made Deputy of Ireland and Richard the elder of whom since I am to mention him in the Sequel it will be fit I speak a little at present before I leave this House of Lords That Cromwell might remove all suspicion of arrogating to himself and Family the Supreme Authority he sends his eldest Son Richard into the Country to take his Pleasure in Hunting and Hawking Where he a Man of a good Nature courteous and affable far from the Tricks of his Father receiving the Common People hospitably diverting himself with the Gentry and behaving himself civilly to all besides many good Offices that he did at Court and elsewhere not onely gained the Applause of the People but obliged a great many Persons of Note and Quality But at length his Father took him off of these Toys and by degrees inured him to Publick Business ordering him first to sit in the Committee of Trade then in the House of Commons and now at last having called him as we have just now said up to the House of Lords Besides he made him Chancellor of the University of Oxford one of his Privy-Council and a Colonel of the
been subject unto seeing for at least thirty years he had at times heavily complained of Hypochondriacal indispositions Though his Bowels were taken out and his Body filled with Spices wrapped in a fourfold Cerecloath but put first into a Coffin of Lead and then into a Wooden one yet it purged and wrought through all so that there was a neâ—ssity of interring it before the Solem◠〈…〉 â—rals But still his Character is wanting which without prejudice and waving what we before observed in the series of the History thus take He was born of honest Parents in Huntingtonshire and from a Child gave no obscure proofs of Enthusiasm For as I have had it from credible Persons when he was a Child he reported that one appeared to him in the likeness of a Man who told him that he should be a King which his School-master being acquainted with whipt him for it by his Fathers direction He laid an unsolid Foundation of Learning at Cambridge but he was soon cloy'd with Studies delighting more in Horses and in Pastimes abroad in the Fields However from one Indecent Action the Reader may conclude of the extravagance of his Youth Sir Oliver Cromwell his Uncle an honest good Gentleman far from the Humours of the Nephew after the old manner kept Christmas with Musick Dancing and the other Diversions of a chearful heart a Master of the Revels as the Custom was presiding in their Plays when my Gentleman observing a great many got together daubs over his own Boots and Gloves with Ordure and crouding in amongst the rest whilst they were a Dancing besmears the Clothes of the Master of the Revels and other Guests so that the whole House was perfumed but not with the scent of Frankincense Therefore the Master of the Revels caused him to be Horsed upon a Pole carried upon the Shoulders of some of the stronger Youths and so plunged over Head and Ears in the next Pond there to be throughly rinsed I would add a great many more of such his nasty pranks if I were not afraid to offend the Readers Modesty After the Death of his Father in his Youth he married a Gentlewoman but by his profuse and luxurious way of living in a short time he squandered away both his own and Wives Estate so that he was almost reduced to Beggary Afterward playing the Penitent he gave himself wholly over to the hearing of Sermons reading of Godly Books and Works of Mortification and having hired a Brewhouse as if he would now Brew better than he had Baked he plied the Brewing Trade and Husbandry After that by means of Sir Robert Steward some Royalists and Clergy-men he was reconciled to his Uncle who could not before endure him so that he made him his Heir But shortly after having again run out of all he resolved to go to New-England and prepares all things for that end In the mean time by the help of Sectarians he was chosen a Member of Parliament where finding fit Companions mad partly through Ambition and partly through Zeal and Religion he omitted no opportunity of fomenting Debates and raising Calumnies to the prejudice of the King inventing Tales stirring up the Embers and blowing about Sparks of Division till at length he put all into a fair Flame and Combustion The War afterwards breaking out he served as a Captain and really was so against his own King Charles the First a Prince of ever Blessed Memory But reflecting with himself on the continual Victories of the Cavaliers he told the Parliamentarians that the Rabble would never be able to fight against the King whose Army consisted of Gentlemen because of the disparity of the Cause and Motives Honour moving the one and Pay the other but if they desired to fight with equal Courage and overcome the Enemy they must look out for and raise good honest Soldiers that would fight meerly for Conscience sake or at least place such Officers of their Forces Many have often heard him glory of that Advice Having therefore obtained leave from the Parliament to raise a Regiment by Letters or Messengers he invited the Honest Men as he was pleased to call them from among all the Soldiers in the several Counties with whom he had had any acquaintance and persuaded them to take on with him Wherefore Independents Anabaptists Quakers and in a word all the Sink of Fanaticks come flocking to him so that he made up above a thousand Horse who in the beginning being unskilful either in handling their Arms or managing a Horse by Diligence and Industry became in process of time most excellent Soldiers for Cromwell used them daily to look after feed and dress their Horses and when it was needful to lie together on the ground and besides taught them to clean and keep their Arms clear and have them ready for Service to chuse the best Armour and to arm themselves to the best advantage Trained up in this kind of Military Exercise they excelled all their Fellow-Soldiers in Feats of War and obtained more Victories over their Enemy This was the beginning of the New Model as they called it These were preferred to be Commanders and Officers in most part of the Troops of the Army the places of Private Soldiers being filled up with lusty strong Fellows whom Oliver trained up and kept in very strict Discipline Afterward he was made Major-General of the Horse then Lieutenant-General and at last General till after all he raised himself to the Dignity of Protector and invaded the highest Place of Honour and Authority When he was thus mounted to the top of Preferment his first care was to break down the Steps by which he ascended lest Rivals might climb up by the same means Few have hitherto applied greater Industry than he in the Administration of the Commonwealth What is Philosophically said of others I may with probability affirm of him to wit That he had two Assistant Spirits a good and a bad and that when he knocked his Breast poured out his Prayers Sighs and Tears promising all things that were good he was acted by his good Genius but when by Lying and Fallacies he carried on his Cheats his wicked and Traiterous Designs then was he prompted by his bad Genius or Spirit He was not unworthy of Government had he not invaded it by Villany Fraud Treachery and the Blood not onely of others but of his own Prince also Next day Richard his eldest Son is by the Privy-Counsellors after mutual Consultation saluted Protector and is by a Herald proclaimed first in the conspicuous Places in London and then all over England Scotland and Ireland Nay the Officers of the Army though they hatched in their Breasts contrary Counsels which were not as yet come to maturity came to Congratulate him and under their Hand-writing promised to be true to and defend him But he was far from aspiring to it out of Ambition and
would produce a durable obedience The Colonels of Fleetwood's Army at London despising the Authority of the Rump more haughtily demanded the same thing But the cunninger Members smelt afar off these Camp-designes of the Officers well foreseeing what these Councils drove at at long run And this made them fret rage and threaten Haselrigg a hot-headed man and a great Stickler formerly in the War now no less concerned in the Faction of the Democraticks lays it out confidently That the Authority of the Parliament was a precacious thing that Lambert following Cromwel 's steps endeavoured alterations and that his modesty at long run would prove but a Decoy to easie Fleetwood or to this purpose In the mean time the Army was divided into two Factions The far greater part were for giving Laws to the Parliament though the rest submitted to their Authority And this so netled the Members that they could not endure the insolence of the Souldiers but come on 't what would they resolved to vindicate their supreme Authority and not to suffer any Power in the Army above their own Thus venturing upon a revenge whilst the Scales were as yet a turning if the Colonels intended to use force they resolved to leave the Traytors a poor Game to play and discharge the publick from paying any Taxations by passing a Vote That no money shall be raised without consent of the Parliament and that he who did to the contrary should be guilty of High-Treason against the Commonwealth And this seeing the Army wanted money was the neck-break of the Colonels Nor could any thing content the discontented Rump but the debarting of some of the boldest Colonels disbanded to wit Lambert Desborough Berry Kelsey Ashfield Cobbet Crede Packer and Barrow In the mean time the Rump appoints a Supreme Council of War over the Army without any name of a General consisting of Fleetwood Monk Haselrigg Ludlow Walton Morley and Overton the Souldiers in the mean time laughing in their sleeve at the vain and impotent anger of the Members For Lambert and the rest of the cashered Colonels upon mature deliberation resolved That seeing their interest and authority was still in force in the Army they would take the Field persist in their Resolutions and if it came to a push try the fidelity of the Souldiers And because they found by experience that Richard lost all by delaying they resolved to hasten their Undertaking The Rump in the mean time had intelligence of the violent designs of the Colonels and seeing hands were more necessary than heads Moss and Morley's Regiments are ordered next day to keep guard in Westminster The same morning Lambert with undaunted boldness and a strong body pickt out of the Forces that were best affected towards him hastens into the old Palace-yard and before the Members were come set Guards upon all the entries into the House Lambert stops the Speaker Lenthall coming out of his Coach and attended by a Troop of Guards and presently changing the Captain sends him back again into the City more like a Prisoner than a Speaker of the House and so with little ado he terrified and dispersed the rest of the Knaves And now Moss and Morley's Regiments guarding the silent and empty House are themselves beset by Lambert Both Parties looked big and seemed ready to come to blows but the night approaching they drew off without bloud whilst the Rump and Colonels full of anger and hatred mutually reproached each other and justly too with Treachery Villany and Tyranny But the Rump being now sent packing and the Parliament-doors shut the Officers of the Army became no less inconstant Masters and Ficklers in ruling than they had been in obeying Next morning a great confluence of Colonels met in Wallingford-house to consult about setling the Government and having first modelled the Army as being more considerable than the Commonwealth by unanimous consent they appoint Fleetwood to be General Lambert Lieutenant-General and Desborough heretofore a blunt Country-clown Major-General of the Horse The Supreme Power in Civil Affairs was committed to three and twenty Vane Fleetwood Ludlow and the rest of that odious Crew too long to be named whom they were pleased by a new and unheard-of Title to call the Committee of Safety Thus having erected a new Scheme of Government at London they disperse themselves into all places endeavouring to secure themselves by associated Villany Barrow they send to Ireland Cobbet to Scotland allure the Forces abroad into their Party but all in vain For the Army in Ireland whilst Ludlow was at London declared for the Rump Parliament Monk in the mean time writing to Fleetwood and Lambert sharply taxes the Army in England with Treachery and Ambition of governing and professes also that for the future he 'll stand by the Parliament refuses to admit of Cobbet as an Embassadour but commits him to custody as a Traytor Monk in the mean time being as yet uncertain what to do had many anxious thoughts He foresaw indeed greater security under the Rump but if the Army in England had the better on 't inevitable ruine having long ago had experience of the hatred of Lambert and Fleetwood though disguised in their looks And besides the usual competition in rule they were also looked upon as men of different humours and manners Monk was for a plain and modest Religion but they turbulent and violent in their pernicious Heresie Wherefore seriously weighing with himself the strength of the English Army on the one hand and on the other the weakness of his own Forces the perfidiousness of many of the Officers and the fickleness of the Souldiers he thought still that he might do better in War than in Peace and so having resolved against the worst he hastened his march into England When he had consulted about these things with his most intimate Friends at Delkeith he goes to Edinborough and there in a full Council of Colonels he represents the new Troubles of England How that the Parliament was turned out of doors by the Officers in England without any provocation but through levity and an ambition of governing That the London Colonels having attempted many bad things resolved not onely to bear rule over their own but the Forces abroad also That it would be disgraceful to them to submit to the Commands of another Army That he himself was a General neither inferiour to Fleetwood nor Lambert nor was the Army of Scotland that had outlived so many Battels less to be accounted than that of England That therefore he was firmly resolved to march into England to revenge the Right and Honour of the Parliament that the Authority might remain in their hands who gave them their Pay and Rewards When with much authority and greatness of mind which do better than eloquence in a Souldier he had spoken to this purpose the Souldiers were inflamed with Zeal and Resolution
and under the command of so great a General desire the signal to march Having now confirmed the Souldiers and the Garrison of Edinburough-Castle he put the command of Berwick Leeth Air St. Johnston and other Castles and Citadels into the hands of trusty Officers He turned out in the mean time all suspected Sectarians especially the Anabaptists the Plague of Mankind whilst many of his Horse addicted to the errour or humours of the English Army of their own accord desert him and leave the Foot and the rest who were truer to their Trust He remaintained in their places many of his own Officers who had been lately casheered by the London Council of War which gained him their affection and Fleetwood and Lambert their hatred The report of this Storm coming from the North was quickly brought to London and all things made greater as it is usual at such a distance than really they were This distracted the Councils of the Rulers and put them into no little anxiety However they arm against Monk and appoint Lambert elevated by the overthrow of Booth's Party General of the War and Head of their Faction who was now to engage in another kind of a War and with anothergets General But seeing they stood much in awe of the prouess and conduct of Monk and had him in great admiration they thought fit first to essay him by Treaty Wherefore Fleetwood sent unto him Clarges nearly allied to him and Colonel Talbot who served in the Scottish Army and in great favour with the General to mediate a Peace and Reconciliation With the same purpose of Pacification Colonel Goff and Colonel Whaley followed after with Carril and Barker the great Oracles of the Independents that the Artifices of Preachers might not be wanting in laying of Snares Monk received them all civilly He had many secret Conferences with Clarges To the rest he publickly professed that he had no Quarrel with the Colonels commanding in England about Religion That his whole designe was to revenge the Indignity done to the Parliament and to proceed no farther That if they had rather take up the matter at London without bloud he was willing to allow time for Conferences The Ministers with affected flattery preached up the advantages of Peace presaging from more than one instance that the divisions of fellow-Souldiers would be pernicious to themselves and very advantageous to the publick Enemy intimating the King and indeed their Presage proved afterward to be true But the mercenary and canting Tongues of those preaching Mediators wrought no effect upon an old Souldier who was so well acquainted with their juggling tricks He civilly sends back these Agents of Peace with the same security as they came Clarges in the mean time was before gone to London with more secret Instructions And though Monk now perceived that all Agreement with the Colonels of the English Army would prove fallacious and unsafe yet all things not being as yet sufficiently ordered for securing the more remote Garrisons of Scotland he made his advantage of what was cast in his way by chance and labours for the convenience of his own affairs to protract the time of Treaty He therefore dispatches to London Wilks Knight and Cloberry as Commissioners for the Treaty from the Army in Scotland with Instructions how to delay time where for some time we 'll leave them in Wallingford-house with more complement than freedom debating with Fleetwood's Officers though I am not apt to believe that the desire of Pacification was sincere on both sides Lambert marching against Monk was already got as far as York with twelve Regiments of men he was weak in Foot but strong in Horse Here he found Morgan Major-General of Monk's Army recovering out of a fit of the Gout a man that at that time was judged inferiour to none in Military skill Lambert who was his old friend and knew him to be dear to Monk sent him into Scotland to promote the business of Peace He having followed Monk to Edinburrough in a military manner declared his business and what he was come about but preferring Monk's cause and honesty he took command under him when because of the many Commanders lately turned out and others that had deserted he was made very welcome Monk in the mean time having pretty well composed the affairs of his Army invites the Scottish Nobility to Council first at Edinburrough and then at Berwick where he discovered his designes unto them beseeching them for the sake of their Country and of himself that they would keep Scotland in peace and raise moneys to pay the Army that now was upon the march into England The Scottish Nobility very readily promised him money nay and to assist him with men and Arms in the expedition which was an accession to Monk's good fortune that when he might have made use of so great assistance from Scotland he did not stand in need of it For being a man of a sharp wit he was not willing that Scotland should come under the power of another the Inhabitans being armed nor that they accompanying him into England might render his coming ungrateful at home Trusty Officers being left to command the Garrisons of Scotland the Souldiers rightly modelled and all things in a readiness for the expedition of a sudden news is brought to Edinburrough that the Peace was confirmed but upon so hard and uneasie terms that Monk with anger in his looks severely checked the Authors of the hateful Reconciliation upon their return telling them That if the honesty of some certainly the prudence of all of them was to be suspected and committed Wilks to prison for transgressing his Commission The truth was Monk's Commissioners being by Fleetwood's Officers with a shew of honour narrowly observed and in a manner confined ignorant of the Stirs abroad and imposed upon by false reports of the diminution of Monk's Forces with more haste than judgment had clapt up an unjust Peace In the mean time Monk having had certain intelligence from Clarges a faithful man that Fleetwood was daily more and more despised at London that at York Lambert 's Army was divided and full of Faction judging a delay more convenient for himself than for the Enemy industriously protracted the Treaty Having therefore sent Letters to Fleetwood he acquainted him That the news of a Pacification was very acceptable to him but that he found some things doubtful in the Conditions and other matters not rightly transacted by his Commissioners that therefore that the agreement might be more solid all Officers being removed he desires the number of Commissioners to be increased and Newcastle as a more proper place for their meeting Fleetwood condescended more out of fear than choice but Lambert whose whole ability consisted in charging an Enemy rashly and fatally deluded to his own ruine accepted also of the delays of Treaty Lambert in
Churches under their government The King answered With a willing and devout heart I promise and grant my Pardon and that I will preserve and maintain to you and the Churches committed to your charge all Canonical Priviledges and due Law and Justice and that I will be your Protector and Defender to my power by the assistance of God as every good King in his Kingdom in right ought to protect and defend the Bishops and Churches under their government Then the King arose and was led by the Bishops of Duresme and Bath and Wells to the Communion-Table where he made a solemn Oath in sight of all the People to observe the Premises and laying his hand upon the Bible said The OATH The things which I have here promised I shall perform and keep So help me God and the Contents of this Book On the eighth of May a new Parliament met which continued many years Since the year before the Regicides had been brought to condign punishment the three Estates of Parliament now condemned to the flames the Solemn League and Covenant the Bond of the English and Scottish Conspiracy and Sacrament of the Presbyterian Villany The same was done by the Parliament of Scotland and Ireland and that which had raised a Civil Combustion and propagated the same all over Britain and Ireland is now burnt by the hand of the Hangman and by its own ashes expiated at length the wickedness of three Nations This year was concluded or the new begun by the further punishment of Regicides For by Order of Parliament Mouson an upstart Lord Sir Henry Mildmay heretofore Keeper of the Jewels to the late King and therefore the more criminal and Robert Wallop on the seven and twentieth of January the day whereon the blessed King had been condemned were in Hurdles with Halters about their necks dragged to Tyburn and back again to Town being sentenced to perpetual imprisonment It was sufficiently made out that they had been Members of that execrable High Court of Justice but because they had not signed the Warrant for the Kings execution they were onely punished by Bonds and Imprisonment Hazelrigg in the mean time one of the bitterest of all the Traytors being sentenced to the same punishment pined away with anger and grief and unable to bare his disgrace prevented the dishonour and his captivity by a timely death in the Tower of London The same punishment was inflicted upon the Traytors who as we said before came in upon the Kings Proclamation For being brought to the Bar because waving all defence they humbly acknowledged their Crime and that they were a Crew most part of them of silly seduced Rascals drawn in either by the arts or threatnings of Cromwel they redeemed their necks from the Gallows which they had so often deserved by a perpetual imprisonment to which being closely confined they lived to see their Villany punished by Infamy But fortune was more favourable to the Traytors that came in at home than to those who fled abroad for about that time Sir George Downing being Embassadour in Holland had intelligence that three of the Fugitive Regicides Barkstead Okey and Corbet being come back out of Germany lurked in Delf He therefore having obtained a Warrant from the States General seized them and sent them over to England where being brought to a tryal they were condemned for High-Treason and April the nineteenth executed at Tyburn They went all to death with a fanatical ostentation of Piety But Barkstead and Corbet approaching to their end after many ugly delays and cups of Strong-waters unwillingly put their trembling necks into the Halter which quickly put an end to the Wretches half dead already for fear But Okey being a man of an undaunted mind and making use of his courage to the last went off with the bravoury of a Souldier and not undecently had he so died for his Country Corbet was heretofore an inspired prating Lawyer more skilful in the Principles of Fanaticks than in the Laws he got to be a Member of that long and black Parliament and no man was more professedly an implacable Enemy to the King The low extraction of Okey is buried in obscurity Being a Tallow-chandler in London and weary of his poor condition he followed the profitable Wars of the Parliament where his daringness advanced him to the place of a Colonel and at length to be one of the chief Judges in trying and sentencing the King Barkstead was heretofore a whifling Goldsmith in London and had raised himself upon the Ruines of his Country But those who knew the cunning of Oliver in chusing his Magistrates wondered that he preferred so silly and idle a fellow even to be a Colonel and Lieutenant of the Tower of London besides other Offices But that kind of stupid fierceness was more useful to Cromwel than the cunninger knavery of others for the Tyrant himself for the most part looked another way and commanded the Villanies which he would not behold so that this fellow no doubt was privy to the furious Councils of Cromwel and a trusty Minister of his Protectoral Cruelty And so long as he was chief Jaylor to Oliver the barbarous Villain was never startled at the sight of the Murders and Imprisonments of so many Nobles and worthy Subjects His head was set upon a Gate of the Tower whereof heretofore he had been Governour that upon the same Stage where he acted his greatest Crimes he might suffer his greatest Punishment The first Prodigy of the Regicides was their matchless impudence in putting to death the King and their next their obstinacy to the last For when they had murdered the best of Kings to the shame of Christianity the infamy of the Reformation and the universal reproach and malediction of Fanatick Zeal these godly Regicides were ashamed when Treason stuck in their breasts to confess their hypocritical pretending Religion even at the last gasp Nay their Godliness made them so impudent as rather to know themselves guilty and deny it to save their reputation amongst their Brethren than humbly and modestly to acknowledge their Crimes The Authority of Parliament was the onely thing that all of them alleadged to justifie their Parricide as if a Gang of fifty Robbers who had so often violated that Authority had been worthy of that name when there was neither the colour nor resemblance of a House of Commons left Nec color Imperii nec frons fuit illa Senatûs But since they could live no longer to do mischief their whole care was at their death to harden the minds of their Party by a fanatical assertation of dying good men when it was rather the highest Judgment of an offended God to let them fill up the Cup of their bold Indignities by a desperate end It was time now for the King who was a Batchelour to think of Marriage that he might leave a Posterity for the future
interrupts and takes him up The King is a fourth time brought to the bar refuses to plead Desires a Conference with the Lords and Commons One of the Judges prickt in Conscience The President in a set-speech makes way for the Sentence Orders the Sentence to be read All the Judges that were present stand up and confirm the Sentence The souldiers carry away the King scoff at him And barbarously use him His Majesty behaves himself courageously and prudently And prepares himself for his last sufferings The Judges before the publication of Sentence consult about the kind manner and time of the Murder Proposals are tendered unto him upon granting which he is offered his life He is permitted to take his leave of his Children What the King gave them in charge The K. is led to execution He speaks to Col. Tomlinson and the other Instruments of the Regicide His Maj. had not spoken but that otherwise he might have been thought to submit to the guilt He did not begin the War But the two Houses His Majesty lays not the the guilt upon the two Houses Ill Instruments the cause of it One unjust sentence punished with another His Majesty forgives all the world even the Causers of his death Prays that they may take the right way to Peace Conquest an ill way seldom just To give God his due the K. his due and the People their due is the right way Give God his due in setling his Church As to the K. it concerning himself his Majesty waves it Peoples liberty consists in having government not in sharing it His Majesty the Martyr of the People He professes he dies a Christian of the Church of England He is beheaded Barbarous Cruelty against him dead Against his body Against his soul Against his fame and memory to posterity * The Tyrant the last of Kings is gone They carry away all the Royal Writings that they might not be publish'd Nevertheless a golden book of the Kings Meditations saw the light The extraordinary grief of the people The Character of the late King ☜ The Rebels exercise Arbitrary Dominion over the Lives and Estates of others They forbid any man to call Charles the II. King or to pray for him his Brother or any of the Royal Family The Monarch being cut off thâ—y presently murder Monarchy they also abrogate the House of Lords Turns out the Lord Mayor of London They alter the Common Council of the City also And repeal all Laws against Heresies and Schisms They engage the Preachers to themselves by the Kings Rents Punish the Gain-sayers Sparing no body The Government committed to the Council of forty men A subscription is enjoyned S. inveighs bitterly against the Regicides By and by falls off to the same Party They labour to establish an Oligarchy The Democraticks oppose it Inveigh ☞ Resist with Arms. They are defeated by the Vsurpers Thâ—y publish a Proclamation that no man should accuse them of Tyranny Appoint a Thanksgiving Are feasted by the City Which they recompence They sell the Kings Houses Houshold-furniture c. They burden the people with most heavy Taxes Invade Ireland And threatned the whole world March 27. June 14. May 29. October 14. June July 23. April 13. May 5. Aug. November 3. November December May 12. May 10. May 2. August October 23. Novemb. 25. December 1. January 3. January 4. January 10. January 20. February 23. February 28. April 23. June 2. August 22. October 23. Feb. March April July 13. June 30. July 27. September 4. August 10. September Septemb. 20. Jun. Sept. 25. Septemb. 15. January 3. January 16. January 22. May. June 29. July Septemb. 1 2. October 27. Decemb. 23. January 1 2. January 10. February 20. February June 14. April 27. May 5. June 24. September January 30. February 16. March June 4. July 29. August 6. September 7. Novemb. 11. Decemb. 24. January 17. May. June July 5 July August 17. August 28. October 29. Sept. Octob. November Novemb. 16. Novemb. 20. Decemb. 1. Decemb. 5. Decemb. 6 7. January 4. January 6. January 20.22 23 27. January 30. March 9. March 17. May 30. May. June 7. September 8 The state of Affairs after the Regicide in England Scotland Ireland And the Islands belonging to England The Regicides resolving the worst against Ireland Forbid Trading with the Islands and Plantations and for what end They sooth the Dutch Dorislaus being sent Ambassadour And for what purpose But without success For the Ambassadour is killed by some Scots And that with safety A Petition preserved to the Regicides by the Democratical Party They are committed to Pâ—â—son for it Another from the private Souldiers Is supprest in the Birth A third and smarter Petition from the Officers of the Army Which the Regicides elude By doing much to no purpose Some Trade with us Prohibited by the French With the French by us The Ministers of the Church of England are Persecuted Especially the â—elch The rest are cherished An Expedition into Ireland under the Command of Cromwell The Irish are ranked into several classes The Native Irish The Pope's Nuncio head of the Rebels Some Catholick Nobles Loyal to the King Irish Planters Why they fell off Being before most Loyal The Irish Scots Now fight for the King Coot Monck and Jones stand for the Rump-Parliament Inchiqueen for the King How the Royalists joyned together The arrogance of the Pope's Nuncio was his ruine And the cause of Preston's defeat The Vnion of the Irish in favour of the King Who humbly dedesire the Queen and Prince of Wales to send over the Marquess of Ormond with supplies and Authority The Nuncio frets And being besieged Capitulates for a departure Ormond coming to Kilkenny where a general meeting of the Irish was held they come to Articles of agreement Ouen-Ro-Oneal Jones and some othâ—rs find fault with the Aâ—ticles of Pacification The Lord Deputy also General of the Forces sets about a dâ—fficult work And at length raiseth an Army And marches against Jones Governour of Dublin Which place after a Council of War he first views Jones preparing for a defence sends the superfluous Cavalry to Drogheda Who are forthwith pursued by Inchiqueen And being partly slain and taken and partly made to fly to Drogheda in a short time he took the Town it self And beats Farell upon his return from relieving of Derry Takes Dundalk And other Towns And victoriously returns to the Lord Lieutenant London-Derry straitned by Ards Is relieved by Ouen-Ro-Oneal Who made an Agreement with Coot and Monck to be Confirmed by the Rump-Parliament And yet is ignominiously rejected Dublin is besieged Reynolds and Venables bring relief from England The Lord Lieutenant being informed by Deserters that Cromwel was to Sail to Munster He resolves to send thither Inchiqueen with the greatest part of his Forces And with the rest to block up Dublin and intercept Provisions The Commanders allured with the hâ—pes of Booty obtain first leave to straiten the Besieged by
several Ambassadours especially of the Spaniard by Hide afterwards Chancelour of England and Earl of Clarendon And the French in person But with little success every where The Turk delivering up the Ambassadour Hide brother to the Chancelour into the hands of the Rump-Parliament who being brought to London is beheaded The French flattering with vain hopes And at length making a league with the Regicides The Spaniard declining to meddle in other peoples business And being the fiâ—st of all that owned and complemented the Common-wealth of England For what Reasons chiefly instigated thereunto The King of Portugal being able to do little And Sueden fickle The Duke of Holstein brought some succours The Dane indigent of money The Pole engaged in domestick troubles Others benevolent but not much to the purpose The King 's chief hope in his own Subjects Of whom a great many extreamly well affected but very weak in strength Ascham who he was An envoy from the Rump-Parliament to the King of Spain He is privately killed with his Interpreter One of the Murderers taken making his escape suffers for it The King of Portugal offends the Regicides because he would not force Prince Rupert and Prince Maurice cut of his Harbours when Blake desired to fight them Blake therefore takes some Porteguese Ships laden with Suger and sends them into England The Princes hardly escaping sail to America Where Maurice was unhappily cast away Rupert returning back to the Coast of France The Portuguese Ships are restored Strickland the Ambassadour being slighted in Holland returns home The Dutch Ambassadour is commanded to depart England To whom another presently succeeds from Amsterdam St. Jones and Strickland are sent into Holland with great Equipage Who nevertheless being fooled by the States And exposed to continual dangers They return without doing of any thing This enraged the Parricides And made them give out Letters of Reprisal Whitlock Sails to Sweden with a splendid Embassy for the Queâ—n Who resigning the Crown the King sends ovâ—r Bond Ambassadour to Cromwell An expedition for reducing the Isles of Silly Of which two after a conflict of three houres continuance are taken The rest at length surrender upon articles As also upon Barbadoes an Island in America A high Court of Justice is again erected and that a standing Court. A lively description of the sad faee of affairs Informers swarm in all places Nothing secure from Spies Who had a thousand tricks to do mischief A New set of Trapans come in play Who amongst others are fatal to Colonel Andrews By the craft of these the Lord Craven is forfeited And others brought into the danger of their lives Whilst the accursed authors are secure As being put upon these tricks by the Regicides The Scots consent to Monarchy and that in the person of Charles the Second those that were of a contrary opinion not daring to resist Yet they disagree about the conditions At length CHARLES the Second is proclaimed King of Scotland England and Ireland And Windram is sent to the King from the Convention of Estates That he might inform him upon what conditions he was to be admitted Which were to this purpose The King having read the Letters writes back to the Scots by Fleeming Afterwards by the same Windram And appoints Breda in Holland for a Treaty Then deliberates with his Friends Of whom some dread all concord with the Scots Others perswade him to listen to the Scots As the Queen-Mother also did ☞ The King acquaints Montross with the Treaty to be held with the Scots at Breda And presently leaves the Isle of Jersey The convention of the Estates of Scotland chuse Commissioners And agree upon Articles to be sent to the King Which proposed at Breda And presently after a few more by other Commissioners especially against Montross The deplorable fate of that Excellent Hero is related Who wâ—th a small handful of men arrives too soon in Scotland He is sadly disappointed of his hopes the Nation being now worn out with troubles and inclinable to peace He takes Dumbeath And hastens to pâ—ssess himself of a Pass But Straughan was at hand with three hundred Horse Who perceiving his opportunity falls upon him easily routs and puts his men to flight Montross betakes himself to flight and being spent with three days fasting confiding in a treacherous man is brought to Leslie And from thence into the Jaws of his Enemies and is basely used at Edinburrough Next day he is in Parliament accused of hainous Crimes Which he shortly answered and refuted Nevertheless he is Condemned by Chancellour Loudon to suffer in a most horrid manner Next day he suffered a barbarous and inhumane death The King was extreamly grieved at this misfortune and expostulates with Murrey Yet he conceals his Anger The Scots labour to soften and appease the King Who at length consents to their Articles And together with the Commissioners that in different Ships he puts out to Sea by whom he is on Board plied with new Proposals about the Solemn League and Covenant Which with reluctancy he subcribes in presence of Witnesses And at length after many dangers arrives in the Spey With the general applause of the People He is splendidly entertained at Aberdeen And at Dundee also And when he came to Edinburrough he was solemnly proclaimed King of Scotland England and Ireland There he is managed at the pleasure of Commissioners and continually vexed by the Ministers By the Laicks also almost divested of his Royal Power The Regicides informed of all that past look to themselves Therefore passing by Fairfax who favoured the Sâ—ots Cromwell is recalled from Ireland who with much solemnity and applause returns to London And is presently declared Captain General of the Forces in place of Fairfax for an immediate Invasion of Scotland The Scots send Dehortatory Letters To which the English Officers answer ☜ Cromwell also wheadles the common people of Scotland with sweet words But in vain seeing all fled leaving no victuals behind them Cromwell having entered Scotland The Scots encamp betwixt Leeth and Edenburrough Cromwell shews himsâ—lf and provokes them to Battel Then thinks of falling in upon their Camp but thinks it safer to march back to Musselbrough to refâ—esh his Souldiers Lambert beats back the enemy in pursuit of the English Straughan offers great matters relying not only on the Prayers but also the Horse of the Clergy He falls upon the English But is beat off and loses his Horse The King reduces the terrified Souldiers into order For which the Souldiers shew him very great Honouâ— The Commanders are angry The Ministers pray him to withdraw To whom with much ado he at length listens The Prisoners are sent home in Cromwells Coach Cromwell returns to Dunbar And from thence suddenly marching back again disturbs the joys of the Scots The Kirk and States renounce the defence of Malignants Cromwell takes two Forts in view of the Scots Who budg not for all that And to wash off the
3. Octob. 24. January 1. August 7. August 20. August 25. Septemb. 3. Septem 12. October 2. Oct. Dec. Octob. 15. October November Novem. 26. Januar. 12. Feb. 24. March 11. May 19. August 16. Septem 28. March 4. April 20. July 4. June August 2. Novem. 22. Decem. 12. Decem. 16. April 5. July 10. Septemb. 3. Septem 12. Octob. 18. November Januar. 22. March 11. May 16. June May 5. May 7. Octob. 25. November July 10. July 25. Septem 10. Septem 17. Octob. 24. Februar 9. Feb. 13. April 10. April 20. May 8. June 26. July 29. August Octob. 23. Novem. 19. Januar. 20. February 4. June 8. June 15. August 6. Septemb. 3. Septemb. 4. Novem. 24. Januar. 27. February 3. Febr. 14. March 28. April 8. April 18. April 22. May 7. A Recapitulation of things past January 30. 1648. September 3. 1650. and Sept. 3. 1651. April 20. 1653. Cromw takes upon him the Protectorship He dies Sep 3. 1658. Richard succeeds Vnfit for the dignity He is despised by the Democratical Colonels Richard's Relations combine with them Lambert c. returns to the Army The Rump-Parliament is restored by the Colonels To be turned out again iâ— time Which deposes Richard Then exposes him And excludes many of the Members May 8. The Rump prevents the power of the Colonels Henry Cromwel Deputy of Ireland submits to the Rump And Monk Governour of Scotland and the Fleet under Lauson Fleetwood's temper Lambert's ambition The deplorable state of the Commonwealth Through the perfidiousness of the Souldiers And madness of the People 1659. The dangers of the Nobility and of good men From the confusion of things the Royalists take hopes Their Enterprizes Booth's Insurrection in Cheshire By whom assisted The Rump is terrified Prepares to fight Lambert is sent against Booth Booth is defeated And flies He is taken Aug. 20. The confidence of the Rump upon Booth's overthrow And the arrogance of Lambert and his souldiers Jealousies arising betwixt the Parliament-men the Colonels Sept. 16. October 5. Lambert's ambition is taken noting of by Haselrigg The Army divided The Parl. mad Discharges the Country from Taxations October 10. And disbands some stubborn Colonels Octob. 11. No General now but a Council of War The Colonels conspire against the Rump The Rum orders their Friends to guard them Lambert besets the Rump And despises them Octob. 13 The Colonels having turned out the Rump consult about the Government They appoint a Committee of Safety Octob. 23. They invite the Forces of Scotland and Ireland into their Party Monk refuses Octob. 28. At Edinburrough Monk harangues the souldiers Octob. 18. He secures the Garrisons of Scotland Changes the Officers and prepares for War Fleetwood the Colonels desires a Pacification Octob. last They sent Commissioners into Scotland Monk admits of a Pacification Monk sends Commissioners to London The Pacificators meet in Wallingford-house Lambert enters York Sends â—organ to Monk as a Mediator of Peace Monk invites the Nobility of Scotland to a Council Decemb. 13. The Scots offer assistance Monk considers of it The Commissioners signe the Pacification Novemb. 15. Monk is angry Clarges informs Monk of the affairs of London Whereupon he prorogues the Pacification And demands a new place of Treaty Fleetwood Lambert condescend Lambert posses himself of Newcastle Monk goes to Caldstream Octob. 8. The number of Monk's Army Tumults in the mean while in London And Grievances The tumult of the London-Prentices Is suppressed by Hewson Decemb. 3. The Garrison of Portsmouth rises for the Rump The Navy endeavours the same Fleetwood yields to the Rump The Committee of Safety wavers Fleetwood's souldiers make defection to the Rump The Committee of Safety is dissolved Monk breaks off the Conference of Pacification The Rump restored to the Government Decemb. 6. Recals Lambert's Army The treachery of Lambert's men towards him 1659 60. Monk marches into England January 1. 1659 60. At Morpet he receives Letters from the Mayor of London He comes to Newcastle Jan. 4. Jan. 5. He enters York Monk meets with Fairfax at York He sends part of his Army under Morgan back into Scotland Monk meets Clarges at Nottingham Jan. 19. The Commissioners of the Rump meet Monk at Leicester Jan. 22. The people everywhere petition Monk for a new Parliament From St. Albans he sends to the Rump Jan. 28. Desiring Fleetwood's Forces to be sent out of Town The Rump consented Fleetwood's men march angrily out Feb. 2. Monk enters London The Rump by Oath abjures Monarchy The Council of State offers Monk the Oath He delays He goes to the Rump Feb. 6. Monk's Speech suspected by the Members The Londoners refuse to pay Taxes Monk is sent into the City in Arms. Feb. 9. To which he offers violence The action of Monk is variously interpreted And is presently displeased with himself for it He sends an angry Letter to the Rump Feb. 11. Monk returns into the City Feb. 12. Makes a Speech to the Citizens And promises a new Parliament The Citizens rejoyce And honour Monk Reproaching the Rump Which was offended at Monk's Letter The Rump weakens Monk's authority He takes it in indignation And sends the secluded Members to the house Feb. 21. The Abjurators depart The Votes of the fuller Parliament Monk acquaints the distant Forces with the restauration of the Parliam Feb. 21. They consent to him And take an Oath to be true to the Parliament Monk quarters at S James's Here he receives Letters from the King by the hands of Greenvile March 18. A new Conspiracy of the Traytors 1660. Lambert escapes out of Prison April 9. He gathers together an Army Lambert is proclaimed a Traytor Ingoldsby is sent against Lambert Both prepare to fight And do fight Lambert is overcome And taken Is carried a Prisoner to the Tower of London The dissolution of the Long Parliament March 17. A new one met April 25. The People desire a King Thâ— King comes to Breda From whence he sends Letters to the Parliament c. April 14. The Parliaments Proclamation Commissioners from the Lords to the King Commissioners from the Commons The K. Dukes of York and Gloucester have Presents sent them from the Parliament The Londoners send Commissioners and Presents The Traytors with astonishment beheld the Revolution The Commissioners sail from England May 11. and wait upon the K. at the Hague May 16. Sir Thomas Clerges the first Messenger of the Kings coming The K. went on board May 23. Monk hastens to Dover There the King lands May 25. Monk receives the King upon his knees at his landing The King hastens to Canterbury There he made Monk Knight of the Garter May 27. May 28. He came to Rochester The K. views the Army upon the Road and praises them The King is welcomed by the Lord Mayor and Citizens of London He enters London May 29. By Tyber Euphrates and Tygris are meant the Roman Persian and Assyrian Empires and their Triumphs The Pomp of his entry And Attendants
Fortifying an old Castle near the Walls The Counsel took But the work not as yet finished Jones unexpectedly fall in upon thâ—m And having defeated all the Forces of the besiegers obtains a great Victory Part of the Kings Souldiers fly to Drogheda The Lord Lieutenant to Kilkenny And thâ—n to Drogheda And delivers it from the fear of Jones And also Fortifies other places In the mean time Cromwell slighting Munster arrives aâ— Dublin With fifteen thousand old Souldiers Of whom he marches wâ—th ten thousand to Drogheda Which was defended by Sir Arthur Aston and the Flower of the Kings Army Cromwell forthwith batters the Walls He himself commanding the attack makes his way into the Town and kills all he meets The sad spectacle of the Town taken The number of the slain The Garrisons about either deserted or easily surrendred The Lord Lieutenant is deserted by many of the English Souldiers But yet not by all The Irish ill affected towards him Yet he raises an Army Huson put into the Government of Dublin Cromwell marches to Wexford Summons it to render Then making an attack he first takes the Castle And then the Town Thence he marches to Ross with an Army sick and much weakened Of which Taff was Governour having just received a supply of fifteen hundâ—ed men Yet upon the first attempt he surrenders the Town and marches to Kilkenny with fifteen hundred men Peace betwixt the Lord Lieutenant and Oaen Who shortly after dies The Princes Rupert and Maurice with six Ships hover upon the Irish Coast and Blake pursuing them they fly to Kingsale Being blockt up there they escape through the Enemies Fleet and set Sail for Portugal Estionege being taken Cromwell makes a Bridge of Boats over the Barrow He takes Carick and Passage He attempts Waterford but in vain Now at length he bethinks himself of Winter Quarters All Munster revolts The Treachery long ago â—ssâ—ied at Youghal Is now accomplished at Cork Where Inchiqueen's Lady and Children are imprisoned And Cromwell puts his Men into Winter Quarters Jones dies The Lord Lieutenant calls a general Council and persuades Dissenters to Vnion Which they all pretend He endeavouors to recover Passage by Farell Who by Zankie is intercepted and put to flight In vain imploring the assistance of the Waterfordians Inchiqueen being about to recover Wexford is hindered by Nelson Cromwell having received Recruits from England divides his Forces and marches against the Enemy He easily takes a great many Garrisons Calls Huson with his Pâ—ers to joyn him They jointly take Gora Then they march to Kilkenny the place where the Committee of the Estates met Which having made a brave Resistance at length yields upon Condition The Siege of Clonmel Reynolds is sâ—nt to hinder the Lord Lieutenants Levies With good success Broghill takes the Bishop of Ross coming to the relief of Clonmell and hangs him up The Garrison forsake Clonmel and make their escape by night Whom Cromwell in vain pursues He easily subdues several smal places The Exploits of the Elder Coot in Ulster Who takes the Bishop of Cloger the General of an Army and hangs him up Husons Victories Cromwell Ireland being almost subdued within the space of a year is recalled for the Scottish expedition He leaves his Son in Law Ireton General in Ireland to whom Waterford being Besieged yields upon Conditions And in the same manner Carlow and Duncannon The Papist Clergy basely affected towards the Lord Lieutenant From whom they endeavour to alienate the mind of Inchiqueen As also the Lord Lieutenant from Inchiqueen The Lord Lieutenant exhorts to Concord and Obedience Being ready to renounce the Government for the Publick good The Irish at present seem sorrowful But presently again fall to Calumniating Thuamensis Clonfertensis And declare his Government void He thâ—refore yields and appâ—ints Clanricard his Deputy Who having made new Levies Goes on prosperously Till Axtel who upon the first encounter had retreated that he might procure Recruits Beat him out of his Camp fortified by two Lakes and put him to flight Why the Irish so Cowardly They are compared with the English Souldiers A treaty with the Duke of Lorrain But fruitless Clanricard stops all the passages for the enemy into Connaght Yet Coot by stratagem having past the Collough mountains got into it Ireton passes the river Shannon at three places Athalone with other Garrisons are presently taken Farell being forced to retreat Coot attacks Galloway Ireton besieges Limmerick Which upon Artiâ—les agreed upon but not signed is surrendered to him He causes the Bishop of Ferne and some others to be hanged The death and character of Ireton Galloway prest Coot Is taken And also consumed by the Plague Ireland being now totally subdued is governed by four Commissioners Who first suppress the Tories Publick enemies It is consulted about a Successor to the late Ireton Lambert is chosen Deputy of Ireland Whose Commission whilst He is commanded to supply onely the place of a Commissioner Lambert refusing Fleetwood is sent His Character The broken remnant of the Irish forces yield to Broghill And Ludlow Having first obtained liberty to go beyond Sea The first Authors of the Rebellion are brought to Tryal Especially Phi-Oneal and Luke-O-Tool Who at their death acquitted the King from a false and scandal◠〈◊〉 report The Plague rages in Ireland Especially at Dublin And a grievous Famine also Both English and Irish are burdened with Taxes The Souldiers in the mean time live at their ease and the Commanders grow rich All Law in a manner Arbitrary Some Forts surprised by the Rebells are recovered by Reynolds The distribution of the Irish Lands as a punishment for their Rebellion Many of the Kings Party fall under the same censure The Popish Nobles are condemned of Treason The Neutrals are fined in a fifth part of their Estates Strife betwixt the new and old Souldiers about dividing the Spoil Is at length composed The way of measuring the Lands invented by Sir William Petty a Doctor of Physick The Sectarians flocking together in Troops Cromwell calls home Fleetwood from Ireland As being too favourable to them And sends his Son Henry at first as his Substitute Who in the first place takes upon him the care of Religion Of the Preachers And of the Colledge As also of Civil affairs of Justice And Trade The Royalists being received more mildly His Assistants and Counsellers Cromwell calls a Parliament at London The Irish are commanded to Abjure Popery Henry's clemency as to that particular The Irish are enjoyned to transplant themselves into Connaght And what was the cause of it Yet it is by many cunningly evaded Henry neglecting both his own and brothers interest Delivers up the Government to the revived Rump-Parliament A Petition of the Magistrates of London to the Rump-Parliament for their Citizens turned out of the common Council Is rejected with contempt The attempts of King Charles the Second for himself and his Subjects By asking help from Foreign Princes By