side of Piedmont it receives thirty Rivers into its Channel and a great many Lakes and Ponds its course is from the West to the East Popes by birth French-men and some passages of their Lives SYlvester the Second Vrban the Second Calixtus the Second Vrban the Fourth Clement the Fourth Innocent the Fifth Martin the Fourth Clement the Fifth John the Twenty second Benedict the Eleventh Clement the Sixth Innocent the Sixth Vrban the Fifth Gregory the Eleventh Sylvester the second of the name called before Gilbert or Gerbert born in Aquitain was a Religious man and Benedictine of St. Gerard of Aurillac in the Diocess of St. Flour and Tutor to Robert King of France and to the Emperour Otho the Third who raised him to the soveraign Pontificate He was first Archbishop of Rheims and then of Ravenna and lastly Pope which gave occasion for this Verse to be made on him Scandit ab R. Gerbertus in R. post Papa Regens est He was a great Mathematician which caused his Enemies to accuse him of Magick He was falsely charg'd for having in his Closet a Head of Brass by which the Devil answered what he askt He died the 12th day of May 1003. Pope Sergius his Successour writ his Epitaph which is yet to be seen and shews that he lived and died a holy man Vrban the second of the name was born at Chastillon on Marne Son of Milon He was called before his Exaltation Cardinal Otho Bishop of Ostia He excommunicated the Diocess of Compostella for having put their Bishop in prison and governed the Ship of St. Peter eleven years four months and eighteen days some say eleven years and a half He called into his Council St. Bruno Founder of the Order of the Charthusians He called the Council of Clairmont in Auvergne where he made the Enterprize of the holy War succeed which he called the Croizade because those that listed themselves were all crossed wearing a Cross sewn on their Habits He died An. 1110. Calixtus the Second was named Guy others say Guigue He was a Burgundian Uncle to Adelais Queen of France and near Cousin to the Emperour Henry He was Archbishop of Vienne in Daulphiné Suger Abbot of St. Dennis says that the night before his Election he saw as a Prognostick of his future Election a great Person that gave him the Moon to keep under his Archiepiscopal Cope fearing lest the Church might incur some danger by the death of Pope Gelasius He soon found the truth of this Vision seeing himself soveraign Pontife His Election was made whilst he was in the Abbey of Clugny An Anti-pope appeared at that time in Italy called Bourdin who was taken notwithstanding his intrenching and fortifying himself the Souldiers that took him mounted him on an old Camel and walkt him about the Streets publickly in derision with his face turn'd towards the Tail which they made him hold as a Bridle and afterwards he was confined to a perpetual imprisonment Calixtus assembled a Council at Rheims possest the Holy See about six years died the 19th of December 1124. In the time of his Pontificate St. Norbert founded his Order called Praemonstratensis from the place where he retired himself which is in the Diocess of Laon. Vrban the Second of the Town of Troy in Champagne was the Son of a Cobler and called James Pantaleon he recompensed the defaults of his birth by the eminency of his Learning and Vertue After having been Canon and Archdeacon of Laon and afterwards of Liege he was made Bishop of Verdun from Bishop he became Patriark of Hierusalem from Patriark Legate in divers places and then afterward Pope The Prophetick Motto was Hierusalem Campaniae When any one reproached him with the lowness and obscureness of his Birth he answered That the Nobility which is acquired by the gifts of the Understanding is more valuable than that which comes from Birth alone and that it consists in Vertue Those that are born Noble may say to their advantage and with truth that Jesus Christ was a Gentleman and the holy Virgin a Gentlewoman It is very true when Nobleness of Bloud is joyned with that of Vertue it is Perfection Superiours of an ignoble Birth may object that St. Peter who had the government of the Church was no Gentleman This Prelate after three years of the Pontificate left this mortal life the last day of September and according to Onuphrius the second day of October 1264. Clement the Fourth called before Guy Foucaut according to du Chesne was Native of the Town St. Gilles in Languedoc and according to Father Gautruche a Jesuit of a Village near Narbonne He was Bishop of Puy Archbishop of Narbonne and Cardinal by the Title of St. Sabine and Legate in England St. Loüis made him Counsellor of State because he was greatly skilled in the Laws Some think that he was elected Pope the 5th or 11th of February 1265. He crowned at Rome Charles of Anjou King of Naples and of Sicily with the ordinary Ceremonies in St. John Lateran's He had in his Arms an Eagle holding a Dragon in his Talons His Prophetick Motto was Draco depressus He died the 29th of November 1268. after three years and a half being Pope Martin the Fourth formerly Simon de Brie was Native of Mont-pincé or of the Village de Suci He founded the Chapter of Champeaux which is in the Diocess of Paris He was Treasurer and Canon of St. Martins of Tours and Cardinal by the Title of St. Cecil was elected Pope the 22th of February 1282. Under his Pontificate the year of his Election the French had their Throats cut throughout all Sicily This Massacre was called the Sicilian Vesperas because it was committed at the hour of Vesperas on an Easter-day O cruel Vesperas Peter of Arragon having an Army on foot under pretext of going into the Holy Land usurpt the Country at the sollicitation and detestable enterprize of a young Italian Gentleman a sworn Enemy to the French The Pope struck with a mortal grief excommunicated the Sicilians and those of Arragon for their Attempt and black Treason This Prelate created many Cardinals amongst others the Dean of the Church of Nostre Dame at Paris called Geofry de Barbo a Burgundian The Prophetick saying on this Pope was Ex Telonio Liliacei because he was Treasurer of St. Martins of Tours others say Liliacei Martini believing that this Church was adjudged the midst and the centre of France the Kingdom of Flower-de-luces God took him out of this World at Peruse the 28th or 29th day of March 1285. Two Miracles happened at his Burial Clement the Fifth born at Bourdeaux had for his Father Beraud Chevalier Lord of Villandrault Before his Exaltation he was called Bertrand Gout de Gutto He had in his Arms three Bars Gules in a Field Or the Prophecie was de Festis Aquitanicis The Cardinals continued ten months in the Conclave for the creation of this Prelate before Bishop of Cominges then Archbishop of
War whereof he carries many honourable marks on his body for the service of our Monarch has perform'd according to his wont Military actions worthy of his Courage and Valour and particularly in the Campagne of 1677. against the Imperialists The taking of the Town and Citadel of Fribourg in Brisgaw by this Marshal deserves to be particulariz'd This important place opens the Hereditary Countries takes from the Emperour a part of his Dominion Fribourg has belong'd to the Dukes of Zeüringuen and afterward to Comte Egon of Fustemberg for having married Agnes their Heiress his Descendants were Masters of it to the year 1386. The Inhabitants of the Town gave up themselves to the Duke of Austria Marshal Horn and the Duke of Weimar besieg'd and took this place three times for the Swedes An. 1632 1634 1638. Marshal d'Humieres reduc'd to the Kings Obedience the Town of Saint Guillain by his Valour and Forecast the tenth of December of the same year 1677. This place is about two leagues from Mons its Abbot is Lord Spiritual and Temporal and the Abbey is the chief of Hainalt The 12th the Count d'Estrées having taken the Forts which the Hollanders held in the Isle of Gorea at Cape-Vert made himself Master after a long Navigation of the Isle of Tobago and of many Duch Men of War An. 1678. the first day of March the Town of Gand Capital of the Country of Flanders was invested by the Marshal d'Humieres and taken by his most Christian Majesty on composition the ninth of the same month and the Citadel the twelfth Julius Caesar caus'd this great Town to be built whilst he was at Teroüanne and the Emperour Charles the Fifth was born and baptiz'd there An. 1500. his Cradle is yet shewn there His Statue is seen in a Market-place on a Pedestal The Episcopal Church is call'd S. Bavon the Bishoprick is worth 30000 Crowns and the Prebendries 2 or 3000 Livres Father Boussingout relates that the Organ of the Church of Saint Michael has three thousand Pipes in a Book entituled The Guide of the Low Countries The most Christian King gave the Government of this place to Comte de Montbron It was restor'd to his Catholick Majesty by the Treaty of Peace concluded at Nimegen betwixt France and Spain In this Town a Cathedral-Church was built and detacht from Tornai An. 1559. by Pope Paul the Fourth at the request of Philip the Second King of Spain The 16th of March 1678. the King judg'd it convenient for the good of his affairs to withdraw his Troops from Messina which he had a long time kept there for the service of those of Messina who had implor'd his assistance The Duke de la Fueillade who succeeded the Duke of Vivonne permitted above four thousand Inhabitants of the Town to embarque themselves they being desirous to come into France to avoid the rigorous consequences of the Spanish Policy The third of May the Town of Ypres surrendred it self to the King it has the title of a Vicounty His Majesty gave the Government to the Marquess de la Trousse Lieutenant-General of his Armies Captain-Lieutenant of the Company of M. le Dauphin The third of May the Town and Fort of Lewe in Brabant were taken from the Spaniards by the Valour and Dexterity of the Sieurs Calvo and de la Breteche this person executed the Enterprize This place is incompass'd with a Marsh a great Trench and a Fore-trench full of water twelve foot deep The fifty Swimmers under the conduct of the Sieur de Cremeau Captain in the Regiment of Piemont did a bold action in passing courageously the waters with their Swords betwixt their teeth being assisted by two hundred Musketeers who openly advancing themselves fired continually on the Enemies to favourize the passage The 31th of the same month the Marshal Duke de Navaille took Puicerda Capital of Cerdaigne The King lessen'd six millions of Livres of the Tailles of the year 1678. and reduc'd them from forty millions to thirty four to be distributed or divided in all the Generalities and Countries Taillables His most Christian Majesty lessen'd them yet more by two millions An. 1679. The Tailles began under St. Loüis to maintain the charge of War against the Infidels in the twelfth age and the Gabelle or Impost on the Salt under Philip called the Long in the thirteenth age of the Incarnation Ancus Martius introduc'd it a long time before at Rome he has been blam'd by some and approv'd by others particularly the Emperour Justinian who assur'd that without the Gabelle it was impossible to make the Republick subsist because the Quiet of the People is preserv'd by Arms Arms by Pay Pay by Imposts Tributes and Tolls The Emperour Nero would have abolish'd the Gabelle but the Senate opposs'd it alleaging that to diminish the publick Revenue was to ruine the Empire In the month of July of the same year 1678. an ill Accident happen'd in America to the French Squadron commanded by the Count d'Estrées six or seven Men of War and five Flyboats were lost near the Isle of Birds about ten leagues from Curassow being cast by the rapidness of the Currents on Rocks which are there high Many persons in them were drown'd Seven Vessels were sav'd viz. the Duke the Thunder the Star the Lyon the Vigilant the Merillon the Tempest three Fireships and two Flutes Of the Peace betwixt France Holland Spain the Emperour the Elector of Brandenburg and Denmark THe Treaty of Peace betwixt France and Holland was sign'd at Nimegen at the house of the Marshal d'Estrades An. 1678. the tenth of August about midnight The French and the Dutch embrac'd each other with tenderness and shew'd a great Joy to see their ancient Friendship perfectly reestablisht The Marshal d'Estrades Son of the Marshal of this name arriv'd the 15th of the same month from Nimegen at Saint Germains in Laye where he presented his most Christian Majesty the Treaty of Peace betwixt France and the States General of the Vnited Provinces The Ratifications were exchang'd the 20th of September and the 29th following the Peace was publisht at Paris with the accustomed Ceremonies The 5th of October the Marshal d Estrades Embassadour of the most Christian King and the Sieur Beverning Embassadour of the Estates General caus'd publick Rejoycings to be made at Nimegen for the Peace betwixt France and Holland In the same year the 17th of September the Treaty of Peace betwixt France and Spain was sign'd at Nimegen about eleven of the clock at night in the house of the Holland-Embassadours The Ratification followed some time after as also the publication An. 1679. the 5th of February the Treaty of Peace betwixt France and the Emperour was sign'd in the Chamber of Sir Leoline Jenkins Embassadour of England by the Marshal d'Estrades and the Sieur Colbert Marquess of Croissi Embassadours Plenipotentiaries for the most Christian King and by the Bishop and Prince de Gurk Count Kinski and the Sieur Stracman Embassadours
above three days together unless he has permission from the Burgomasters and the number of persons which he brings there with him is limited He keeps in the Town a Magistrate who judges criminal Processes assisted with two Sheriffs The People of the Country call this Town Collen The Empress Agrippina Julia Wife of the Emperour Claudius having been born there and peopled it with Romans gave it its name since that time it is call'd Colonia Agrippina Trajan was chosen Emperour there It is said amongst the Germans that he who has not seen Cologne has not seen Germany Qui non vidit Coloniam non vidit Germaniam This Proverb supposes it to be very famous Ammianus Marcellinus calls it Vrbem ampli nominis munitissimam amplam copiosam The Rhine gives it the figure of a Bow or of a Crescent because it bends it self there by reason of some Banks which are carefully kept The French took it under Childeric the First and it continued in their hands to the Emperour Otho the First who restor'd it again to the Empire amongst the Free and Hans-Towns It has for Devise Colonia fidelis Romanae Ecclesiae filia and for Arms three Crowns Or. It has a great number of Churches and other beautiful Edifices Good Walls and double Trenches environ it It s ordinary Guard is of three hundred Waloons or Germans In the Metropolitan Church which is consecrated under the name of S. Peter and the three Kings called vulgarly the Dome are shewn the three Heads or Sculls being very black of the three Kings or Magi who adored the Son of God in the Manger and it is believ'd that they are there entire The Church of St. Vrsula is famous by reason of the eleven thousand Virgins cast by a Tempest on the coasts of Germany There are seen an infinite number of bones all round the walls of the Quire in high Cupboards and many Tombs in the body of the Church and on an Altar many heads of silver where is that of St. Vrsula The Colledge of Sorbonne a Member of the faculty of Divinity of Paris has for Patronesses this holy Daughter of a King and her Companions Cardinal Baronius says in his Annotations on the Roman Martyrologie that the true History of these Virgins is lost thence it comes that we find many uncertain things of it Mr. Joli Canon of the Church of Paris has said remarkable things of it in his Book entituled A Voyage made to Munster in Westphalia and many other neighbouring places An. 1646 and 1647. Printed by Francis Clauzier Father Boussingault in his Guide of the Low Countries p. 101. and 219. says that the Church St. Mary of the Capitol has two Bodies and two Quires in the one of which the Canons say their Office and in the other the Canonesses where the one being on one side and the others on the other they sing the Praises of God There is a like thing practis'd at Nivelle in Brabant the Canons come on certain days of the year into the Church of the Canonesses to sing with them The Abbess as Lady spiritual and temporal of the Town of Nivelle it being of her Jurisdiction presides in the Chapter the Canons and Canonesses joyntly confer the Benefices which are vacant by the death or by the marryage of the Canonesses The Ladies wear in the Church a Rochet with a black Mantle over it which trains on the ground a starcht Linnen-cloath on their arm instead of the Aumusse or the furr'd Ornament worn by Canons and a Couvre-chef on their head St. Bruno Founder of the Charthusians was born at Cologne and Mary de Medicis dyed there the third of July 1643. In the same year dyed Loüis the Thirteenth and Cardinal Richelieu Cologne has had eighty Bishops and Archbishops from Matternus to Maximilian Henry of Bavaria seventeen Bishops preceded there the Metropolitans St. Agilulfe was its first Archbishop Pope Zachary declar'd this Church Metropolitan An. 744. The Suffragans are Munster Minden and Osnaburg An Observation on the three Ecclesiastical Electors YOu must observe that the three Ecclesiastical Electors have no Passive Voice in the Assemblies of Election that is to say they cannot nominate themselves Emperours they may nominate and give their Suffrages for others but not for themselves it having not been judg'd proper that one and the same head should wear the Miter and the Imperial Crown and one and the same hand carry the Cross and the Sword and to the end that since they cannot arrive at the Crown they may keep the other Electors within the bounds of their devoir Another Observation on the Lay Electors THe Secular Electors may nominate themselves Sigismond of Luxembourg King of Bohemia nominated himself after the death of Robert of Bavaria and the other Electors acknowledging his merit gave him unanimously their Voices and Suffrages The Ecclesiastical Electors are elected by their Chapters who may exercise the Archiepiscopal Functions during the vacancy of the See but not the Electoral The Electoral Habit. THe Electoral Habit comes near that of the Presidents of Soveraign Courts That of the Ecclesiastical Electors is of Scarlet Cloath and that of the Lay Electors is of Crimson Velvet They are all lin'd with Hermines as likewise their Cap. There are some of them to be seen drawn at large with their ceremonial Habits in one of the fairest and richest Galleries of Duke Mazarin formerly belonging to the Cardinal of this name The King of Bohemia instead of the Electoral Cap wears a Royal Crown on his head You must observe that An. 1673. the Town of Cologne was chosen to treat there of a Peace betwixt the Kings of France and of Great Britain and the Hollanders and the Assembly was held at the Convent of the Carmelites a place very convenient His most Christian Majesty sent thither for his Plenipotentiaries the Duke of Chaulne and the Sieurs Courtin and de Barillon who arriv'd there the first the King shewing that he would not retard the work of Peace where so many Princes concern'd themselves though loaded with Victories They were followed by three Embassadours of Sweden who had a deference of Honour from all the rest they being then in quality of Mediators Two Plenipotentiaries came afterward from England and they expected for third the Earl of Sunderland chief of the Embassie During his absence Sir Joseph Williamson perform'd for him Those of Holland came to the number of four and afterward the Plenipotentiaries of Spain who had no other quality but of Envoys The Elector of Cologne had one Embassadour Prince William of Fustemberg the Elector of Brandenburg sent thither the Baron of Zminzin who had a Colleague The Emperour deputed the Baron d'Isola and others and the Bishop of Munster sent two there He was one of the Parties concern'd This Illustrious Assembly had no success because the seizing and carrying away by force the person of Prince William of Furstemberg by the Imperialists though vested with the character
An. 1360. Bartholomew le Noir was at Venice to cast Cannon to the end that the Venetians should make use of them to recover from the Genoeses Fossa Claudia about the year 1378. according to Sabellicus Blondus and others The use was receiv'd in France Anno 1425. at the time that an English Earl call'd Thomas of Montigni besieg'd the Town of Mans. Petrarch falsely believ'd that the famous Archimedes of the Town of Syracuse was the Inventer of Cannon because he conveyed great Rocks by Mathematical Springs into the near Vessels of the Enemies and burnt them with Burning-glasses The Chineses boast that a Demon shew'd the Invention to their first King above a thousand years before the Nativity of the Son of God SPAIN CHarles the Second of the House of Austria King of Spain was born the sixth of November An. 1661. He is Catholick and even so call'd It 's a Title given by Pope Alexander the Sixth to Ferdinand the Fifth and in his person to his Successors for having destroy'd in Spain the Moors and Sarasins He bears quarterly the Arms of Castille which are Gules a Castle triple tower'd Or and those of Leon which are Argent a Lion Gules and within an Escotcheon the Arms of his principal Realms which we should call in France Provinces The Kings Livery is of a yellow colour The ordinary Devise of some Kings of Spain is this Omnes contra me ego contra omnes Since Philip the Second the Town of Madrid scituated in new Castille is the ordinary place of Residency of this Court. There is a great Bridge and a little River under it call'd Manzanarez on the occasion of which an Embassadour said to the Emperour Charles the Fifth Less Bridge or more Water The Kings Palace is call'd Pallasso del Rey otherwise Palasso Real The eldest Sons of the King of Spain are called Princes of Austria as in France Dolphins in England Princes of Wales in Portugal Princes of Algarves and in Savoy Princes of Piedmont A relation whereof I could quote the Author tells us that a man must be clad in black to speak to his Catholick Majesty I know the contrary by Spaniards who have had the honour to speak to him in grey Clothes I may believe that a man must appear before him in black Clothes when he is in Mourning and be in a decent habit The Coach-men sit on one of the horses which go at the Draught-tree since the time that the Coach-man of Count Alvarez who sate before the Coach reveal'd a Secret of his Master which he had overheard The same thing is practis'd in Germany The chief Houses of Pleasure belonging to the King and out of Madrid are IL Campo il Retiro Aranjues le Pardo the Escurial and Jarzuela The Spaniards make of this last save one the eighth Wonder of the World Philip the Second laid out twenty Millions in building it he caus'd the Escurial to be built both in memory of the Victory which he gain'd over the French An. 1557. at S. Quentin in Picardy on the Somme the tenth of August being S. Laurence's day and for having caus'd the Church of S. Laurence of S. Quentin to be beaten down whereupon he made a Promise to God to cause a finer to be built in Spain in the honour of the same Saint and a Monastery where the Monks of S. Hierome are magnificently seated The King has a Seat in the Refectuary and a great Palace without the Convent After the Library of the Vatican which is the first of the World that of these Monks has been greatly valued There is seen at il Campo a great Park for the divertisement of Hunting great Ponds and Gardens At il Retiro otherwise call'd Buen Retiro there is seen Philip the Fourth on a Horse of cast Copper The King passes there the greatest heats of the Summer by reason of its Waters and fine Grotto's of different kinds The fine Walks are there as green in the Summer as in the Spring-time There is a strange Figure there standing in the midst of a great Cistern casting forth water from all the parts of its body which is made use of for watering in a moment a Garden of the Palace full of all sorts of Flowers There is also seen there Gardens full of Fruit-trees At il Pardo are the Pictures of all the Kings of Spain The ancient Palace of one of the Kings of the Moors call'd Halambra is remarkable for being flankt with thirty Towers it is on one of the little Hills of the Town of Grenada The chief places of Devotion IN Madrid the Church of our Lady Almudena and that of Athoca are very famous Our Lady of Athoca call'd according to the Language of the Country Nostra Senora d' Athoca is at Madrid as the Church of our Lady at Paris for Piety and the concourse of People It 's there where the Te Deum is sung Saint James of Compostella in Galicia is a very famous place of Pilgrimage the French Pilgrims that go thither pass over the Trembling Bridge It is thought that this Bridge is so call'd by reason of the flowing of the Sea which coming to press against it makes it tremble It 's a roguish Bridge of wood a little River passes under it The Apostle S. James the Greater is the Patron of all Spain His Relicks are under the great Altar of the Metropolitan Church of Compostella his Figure representing half his body is over it his Pilgrims Staff is on the side of the Quire and his Head at Toulouse in the Church of S. Sernin It 's there where the Pilgrims begin their Pilgrimage S. James has been seen to fight for the Spaniards against the Sarasins holding in his hand a white Standart with a red Cross in it in the time of King Ramires who being assisted with his Apostle charg'd so briskly the Enemies that he cut in pieces 60000 on the place Charlemagne King of France was at Compostella to honour St. James and caus'd his Church to be built Since the Kings of Spain have been Catholicks they have always honour'd him I have read a Relation of divers Voyages in which the Author says that St. James suffered Martyrdom at Compostella It 's a roguish Memoire which has been given him I remit him to the Books of the Acts of the Apostles to the Ecclesiastical History and to the holy Martyrology and he will find that it was at Hierusalem that Herod caus'd him to be beheaded This Apostle having continued some time in Spain return'd to Judaea his Disciples after his death carried him from the Port of Joppe presently to Fa where they embarkt for Spain and after having sail'd all along the Mediterranean Sea and pass'd the Straight of Gibralter they took on the Ocean the course of Galicia where they landed and disembarkt the body of the Saint in the Town of Irisflavia where he continued hidden and unknown till it was miraculously discover'd by a Star which appear'd there
comfort the news sent him by the Nuncio of Turin that by the Cares of the Dutchess of Savoy above Four hundred persons in the Valley of Lucern within her Territories were brought back into the bosome of the Church and particularly the Minister Danas who made his Abjuration in the Cathedral Church in the presence of their Highnesses The Fourteenth of August his Holiness caused two Edicts to be publisht against the Luxury of Cloaths Queen Christian of Sweden began the first to put them in execution the Roman Ladies presently followed her example In the same year Commissaries were appointed by Innocent the Eleventh to examine some Bulls set forth by his Predecessors concerning some Office and Indulgence to consider whether these Bulls were observed according to their tenour An. 1679. at the beginning of the year a Decree was passed in the Vatican for retrenching from Cardinals a multiplicity of Places and for bestowing them on others who had not any it being not just that one should have all and the others nothing The Pope some days after appointed Commissaries for examining the Bull of Sixtus the Fifth who determined the number of Cardinals to Seventy and the report was he had a design to reduce them to Fifty in case this change might be found advantageous to the Church The Council of Constance limited them to Twenty four Pope Sixtus the Fourth to Thirty Alexander the Sixth to Fifty Leo the Tenth to Sixty five Pius the Fourth to Seventy six and Sixtus the Fifth to the number of Seventy answering to the Seventy Elders given to Moses for his assistants in the Government of the Synagogue time was there were but Twelve according to the example of the Apostles The Etymologie of the Name Cardinal his Institution and his Habit. THe word Cardinal comes from this that the first and principal Churches of Rome were call'd Ecclesiae Cardinales St. Austin calls the principal Donatists Cardinales Donatistas The first Cardinals were so call'd because they were the first and Chief Priests of their Churches They were appointed in so many streets of the City of Rome for taking care of the poor under Pope Sylvester After the death of this Prelate whilst things were calm in the Church they took upon them the care of the Baptism and Burial of the Faithful and always reserv'd to themselves the Jurisdiction they had on the Priests and Clerks of their Parish when the Popes sent them abroad as Legates They continued in this state till Gregory the Seventh at which time Henry the Fourth Emperor of Germany was excluded from the Election of the Popes who were chosen by the Clergy and by the People just as Bishops were Claudius Vaurus says on this subject in his Book Intituled The Court of Rome that when these Priests Cardinals Curats of Rome were Consecrated Bishops their dignity of Cardinal became void as inferiour to the Episcopacy Nevertheless in succession of time seeing themselves Bishops they desired of the Popes to leave them the Title of Cardinals the honorary Title of Cardinal has been given since to those that assist the Pope with their Councels in the Government of the Church St. Bernard in a Letter that he writ to Pope Eugenius calls them Collaterales Coadjutores Pontificis de toto orbe Judicaturos de toto orbe diligendes conformably to the words that the Pope pronounces at their Creation in these terms Maximâ dilectissimi filii Excellentissimâ dignitate donati estis ad Consilium Apostolorum vocati consiliarii nostri Conjudices orbis terrarum eritis Successores Apostolorum circa thronum sedebitis According to the same Claudius Vaurus they never wear Velvet nor Sattin and are ordinarily cloathed but of two colours Red and Violet they are in Violet during Advent and Lent from Septuagesima except the third Sunday of Advent and the first Sunday of Lent days mixt of joy and sadness in which they wear the colour of dry'd Roses participating of red and violet they are also in violet every Friday on Vigils at the four times and the day of the Commemoration of the Dead and wear no robe of silk There is an exception to this Rubrick because they were the red colour at the four times after Pentecoste on all the double Feasts that fall on Fridays out of Advent and Lent on the Vigil of the Nativity of the Son of God on the Creation and Coronation of the Pope in what ever time it happens on the Feast of St. Peters Chair at Rome and at other solemn Feasts and on days of publick joy for victories obtained and the like things The Cardinals that are Monks wear always the colour of their Order except the Hat and the Red Cap. We do not comprize the Cardinals Jesuits amongst the Monks because they are none Cardinal Bellarmine the ornament of the Purpurated Colledge was habited with Red as the others according to the time that then was with this difference that he wore the Habit of Jesuit underneath When a Cardinal is created Pope he has 24000 Duckets of Revenue every day The Continuation of the Actions of Pope Innocent the Eleventh IN the Month of March of the fore said year 1679. he caused all the Bishops of Italy to be writ to and enjoyn'd them to examine with great care all those that presented themselves to receive Holy Orders and not to give them but to fit persons and when the Church had need of them He presented Medals of Gold and Silver with his Picture on them to the Captains of the Dutch Vessels that brought Corn to Civita-Vechia According to the ordinary custom though tir'd on Holy Thursday in the Dukes Hall he performed the Ceremony of washing the feet of Thirteen poor Forreign Priests habited with white Cloath to each of which his Holiness gave afterwards a Medal of Gold and of Silver and waited on them some time at Table The Twenty first of June he sent to his Internuncio at Brussels the Sum of 60000 Livres for the subsistance of the Colledges which the English Catholicks have in Flanders and sometime after 60000 Crowns to be distributed to the Catholicks of England retired thither An. 1679. the fifteenth of October the Pope visited the Church dell Anima of the German Nation where he granted a Plenary Indulgence in form of a Jubile to pray to God to deliver from the Plague the Town of Vienna in Austria and the other Towns of Germany The Seventeenth the Pope called before him the Congregation establisht by Clement the Eighth for the Examination of Bishops for Italy and there caused to be examined the Father Gaetano Mirabello Theatin whom he nominated for the Archbishoprick of Amalfi Dom Carlo Berlinguier whom he nominated to the Archbishoprick of St. Severin and Dom Francisco Mogale for the Bishoprick of Isola during their Examination they answered always on their knees to all the questions that were made them by the Cardinals Prelates and Divines that were of the Congregation and
afterwards they were precognized in the first Consistory for their due capacity In France by the Concordat betwixt Leo the Tenth and Francis the First those that are nominated to Bishopricks are not examined because they are all Doctors or Licentiats in Divinity in one of the Laws Canon or Civil which is a mark of their Capacity they make only a Profession of their Faith betwixt the hands of the Popes Nuncio or of the Metropolitan Princes destinated to the Episcopacy are dispensed from taking the Degree in the University nevertheless they are the first to study At the beginning of the year 1680 his Holiness caused all the Preachers to come to the Palace and exhorted them to preach particularly by their Example Singularities and curious and remarkable Actions of some Popes ST Clement the First instituted the Colledge of Apostolical Protonotaries for writing the Lives of Martyrs and of all the other Saints Claudius surnamed Vaurus writes that in his time a participant Protonotaries place was sold for 7000 Crowns of Gold and that it yielded of yearly Revenue 3 or 4000 Crowns that the participant Protonotaries which are in number twelve are ordinarily Masters of Requests for both Seals that they have rank and place in the Popes Chappel are cloathed with Violet wear the Rochet and the Hat with the Violet Band and Border have precedency of Prelates which are not consecrated are present in the half publick Consistory at the Canonization of Saints and other great Actions of the Pope have power to give the Cap of Doctor and to create Apostolical Protonotaries without the Walls of Rome The same Claudius Vaurus says that if the Apostolical Protonotaries are not much esteemed in France it 's because they are somewhat idle in performing their Function though haply this idleness be not blamable in them because there is want of matter for them to exercise themselves there being but few Martyrs and Saints at present within our Kingdom that oblige the Protonotaries to write their Lives St. Cletus was the first that inserted in his Letters these words Salutem Benedictionem Apostolicum St. Anacletus ordained that Ecclesiasticks should wear their hair short and confirmed by a new Decree that Bishops should be consecrated by three other Bishops Telesphorus a Grecian by Nation enjoyned the use of singing at Mass the Canticle of the Angels Gloria in excelsis Deo and impower'd Priests to say three Masses on Christmass-day St. Zephyrinus made the Decree of receiving the Communion at least once a year and not to proceed in Law against a Bishop accus'd of any Crime whatsoever without the authority of the holy See St. Lucius ordained that a Bishop should be always accompanied with some Priest to the end that his presence should oblige him to lead a regular life St. Sylvester the First the thirty fourth Pope was the first that erected an Altar of Stone which he consecrated and anointed with holy Oyl Before him they were made of Wood and portable by reason of the persecution that the Christians underwent under the Pagan Emperours which was so great that the thirty three first Popes suffered Martyrdom He was raised to the Pontificate in the beginning of the Empire of Constantine the Great who embracing Christianity gave joy and tranquillity to the Church and a secure Settlement after so many troubles and afflictions This Emperour after he was baptized enlarged the Christian Religion built Churches made Foundations for entertaining its Ministers with splendour and freed the Clergie from Taxes He transported the Seat of his Empire into Thracia to the Town of Bysantium called since by him Constantinople St. Damasus suppressed the Corepiscopi they were Priests whom the Bishops were wont to send into divers Villages and Burroughs of their Diocesses with a particular power to preach the the Word of God and to establish Ecclesiastical Discipline They were called Corepiscopi They were suppressed because they went often beyond their Commission doing Functions that belonged but to the Bishops themselves Some of them had the Episcopal Character St. Gregory the Great was the first who qualified himself Servus servorum Dei the Servant of the servants of God He took this Title to check the boldness of John the Faster Patriarch of Constantinople who took the Title of Vniversal Bishop The Emperour Phocas condemned the Arrogancy of this Prelate declaring by an Edict the contrary according to the judgment of the ancient Fathers and Councils who own'd the Church of Rome to be the Head of all others Pope Boniface the Third according to the common opinion introduced the use of Bells in the Church Anno 606. The learned Genebrard ascribes the â—â—vention to Pope Sabinianus who ordained Anno 604. that they should be rung at Canonical hours and at Mass The Bell is called Campana from a Province of Italy called Campania where it 's thought they began They were introduced into Greece Anno 865. by those that the Venetians sent to the Emperour Michael Baron 865. the Bell is made speak thus 1. Laudo Deum verum 2. Plebem voco 3. Convoce Clerum 4. Defunctos ploro 5. Pestem fugo 6. Festa decoro Those that have a mind to know more may read Paluoti Sergius the First caused the Agnus Dei to be sung at Mass Adrian the First ordained that the Papal Bulls should be seal'd with Lead and not with Wax for the longer continuance of the Seals Leo the Tenth made the famous Concordat with Francis the First Anno 1515. according to which it is permitted to the Kings of France to have the Nomination to Bishopricks and Abbeys These Benefices are called Consistorial because their vacancy is propos'd in the Consistory to be provided for The Pope reserves to himself a years Revenue from each of these Benefices and it is that which is called the Law of first Fruits which is paid when the Bulls are taken up Gregory the ninth caused the Book of Decretals to be couch'd in writing containing the Constitutions of the Popes to serve for the Canon-Law which is read in Catholick Universities Paul the Third obliged the Jews to wear the Yellow Cap to distinguish them from the Christians Gregory the Thirteenth reform'd the Kalendar Anno 1582. by cutting off ten days in October from the fifth of the said month to the 14th inclusively so that after the fourth of October the ten days following were leapt over and they counted the 15th the day after England Sweden Denmark and other Northern Countries that disown the Pope do not make use of this Kalendar which is called otherwise the Gregorian year but retain the ancient way of counting Thence it is that when Catholick Countries are at fourteen in the month the others count four and say in their dates the ancient or new Stile Famous Astrologers and Mathematicians were employed in reforming this Kalendar to take care that the points of the Equinoxes and Solstices should not change place for the future which had caused a
Plenipotentiaries for the Emperour Signor Bevilaqua the Popes Nuncio has the reputation of having much contributed to this Peace The Treaty of Peace betwixt the Emperour and the King of Sweden was sign'd the same day by the Plenipotentiaries of the Emperour and by Count Oxenstern and Sieur Oliwenkans Embassadours Plenipotentiaries of Sweden The 19th of April the Ratification of the Emperour was exchang'd with that of the most Christian King The 26th this Peace was publisht at Paris with the ordinary Ceremonies The 29th of June the Sieur Pomponne Minister and Secretary of State and the Sieur Minders Envoy Extraordinary of the Elector of Brandenburg sign'd the Treaty of Peace betwixt his most Christian Majesty and the Elector of Brandenburg Some time after the Peace was likewise sign'd betwixt France Sweden Denmark and the Duke of Holstein Gottorp The Marriage of the Princess Mary-Loüise of Orleans with the King of Spain ANno 1679. the second of July after the suit which the Marquess de los Balbazez made of Mademoiselle in the name for the King of Spain the Chancellor of France the Marshal Duke de Villeroy the Sieurs Colbert and de Pomponne Ministers and Secretaries of State were nominated by the King for drawing the Articles of the Contract of Marriage which was sign'd the ninth by the Commissaries nominated and the Marquess de los Balbazez Embassadour Extraordinary of Spain The 26th of August the Contract of Marriage of the King of Spain was sign'd in the King of France's Closet by all the Royal House and by the Marquess de los Balbazez and afterward the Affiances were made by Cardinal Boüillon great Almoner of France The Ceremony of the Marriage was perform'd in the Chappel of the House of Fontainebleau The 20th of September the Queen of Spain parted from Fontainebleau for Spain she went into a Coach with the King the Queen M. le Dauphin Monsieur and Madame they went together two leagues on the way and parted from each other after having bid an Adieu very tenderly Her Catholick Majesty accompanied with Monsieur and Madam went on her way the Marquess and Marchioness de los Balbazez went the Journey with her The 30th of December of the year before-mentioned 1679. was sign'd at Munic the Contract of Marriage of M. le Dauphin with the Electoral Princess of Bavaria Mary An-Christian Victoir A Continuation of Affairs of this time THe King re-establisht by an Edict of 1679. the study of the Civil Law which had not been taught since the Ordinance of Blois of the year 1579. Messieurs Boucherat and de Bezons Counsellors of State who were nominated Commissioners for determining the difficulties which might hinder the execution of the Edict were present at the Harang which the Sieur Deloy Professor made the 17th of December in the Schools of Law to thank his Majesty for the favour granted Some time after the King to render more flourishing the study of the Civil Law of Paris made a Society of twelve Doctors who took the Oath tendred them by the same two Counsellors of State nominated Commissaries for this effect the Sieurs Boccager and le Gendre are of the number of the associated Doctors for their particular merit His most Christian Majesty appointed 200000 Livres to be distributed in the Diocesses of Narbonne Beziers Agde and S. Pons by reason of the Damages that they had suffered by the drought of the same year An. 1680. on the 15th of January the Contract of Marriage of Loüis Armand de Bourbon Prince of Conti with Mademoiselle de Blois Ann Mary de Bourbon was sign'd in the Kings Chamber the next day after Cardinal Boüillon perform'd the Ceremony of Marriage in the Chappel of the House of S. Germain in Laye The King nominated Abbot Hervaux to the Office of Auditor of the Rota possess'd before by Messire Charles de Bourlemont LORAIN LOrain Lotharingia took its name from Lotharius Grandchild of the Emperour Charlemagne The Ducal and Soveraign House of Lorain contains many Escotcheons over all a Bend Gules charg'd with three Alerions Argent in memory of Godefroy de Boüillon who at one sole shoot of an Arrow broacht three little Birds on it Its Princes bear also in their Arms the Cross of Hierusalem by reason of their pretences to the two Sicilies whereof the Kings were also Kings of Hierusalem Lorain has for capital City Nancy two Duchies that of Lorain and that of Bar. They count there three Bailiwicks or Seats of Judicature to wit that of Nancy that of Germany Lorain and that of Vauge These Bailiwicks comprize a great many Lands and Lordships as the County of Vaudemont the Marquisat Nomeni the Marquisat Hatonchatel the Lordships of Epinal on the Moselle Marsal Blamont Salverdin Boulai c. Charles the Fourth Duke of Lorain Uncle of Charles the Fifth Son of Francis Count of Vaudemont was depriv'd of his Estates for some years and restor'd to them upon the general Peace by special Articles the 3d of March 1661. The King of France and the King of Spain have been Masters the one of the Estates of this Prince and the other of his Person Henry the Second King of France conquer'd Metz Toul and Verdun these three Towns were straitly united to the Crown of France by the Treaty of Munster and by that of the Pyreneans Loüis the Thirteenth conquer'd the Town Bar le Duc and all the Country of Barrois and also the strong places Moyenvic Stenai Dun Jametz and the County of Clermont which ought to continue incorporated to France according to the Treaty of Peace made in the Isle of Faisans 1659. Loüis the Fourteenth on consideration of this Peace restor'd Prince Charles to the possession of the Dutchy of Lorain after having caus'd his Fortifications of Nancy to be demolish'd on condition that the Duke should leave off all Leagues Intelligences Associations and Practices with any Prince whatsoever which having not perform'd his Majesty dispossess'd him Since this Treaty of Peace Duke Charles has yielded up to the most Christian King the Property and Soveraignty of his Duchy of Lorain and Bar. The most learned Genealogists draw the Origine of the House of Lorain from above 2000 years It descends from Echinoal Maire of the Palace under Clovis the Second King of France 648. It 's the same Family with that of Austria at present Its Princes repair not to the Diets of the Empire fearing lest they should not have that place allow'd them which they pretend to conformable to their Birth The Dutchy of Bar is a Fief holding of the Crown of France The chief Towns of Lorain are NAncy Mireout Luneville Spinal Remiremont Diuze Valdegrange Rosieres Neufchatel c. Those of the Dutchy of Bar BAr le Duc S. Mihiel Pont-Amousson Stenay Estein Vizelise Moyenvic Commerci Pont-Amousson has the title of University its principal Founder was Prince Charles the Third The Country Messin contains a great many Towns Burroughs Villages Hamlets Castles c. At Luneville near Rosieres