of Castille yea in such sort according to the Spanish Histories Renenciation reiterated of the right which the Kings of France comming from Saint Lewis haue to castillle as to take away all occasions of quarrell betwixt them he did againe renounce in fauour of D. Sancho all the right hee had to the Realme of Castille The King of Arragon desirous to come to some accord with the French imployed Edward King of England who vsed great dilligence to reconcile them as we will shew After the conference of Bayone the King D. Sancho returning by Guipuscoa he granted priuiledges for the foundation of Tolouse Segure and Villefranche townes in that country 10 During these broiles the inhabitants of Badajos by meanes of a quarrel betwixt two factions reuolted against the King D. Sancho and imbraced the party of D. Alphonso de la Cerde who intituled himselfe King of Castille The Bejarans and Portugalois factions among the inhabitants of Badajos fel to great contention among themselues for that the Portugalois against all right had vsurped many possessions belonging to the Bejarans through the fauour of the King D. Sancho whereof many complaints beeing made by them that were dispossest the King commanded Iustice should bee done them and that they should bee restored to their goods Tumult at Badaâ—os the which beeing decreed they that were in possession would not obey wherefore the Bajarans hauing taken armes and slaine many of their aduersaries and chased the rest out of the towne they recouered their owne in this manner but the excesse and violence which they vsed was such as fearing to bee seuerely punished as they deserued they seized vpon the high towne and beeing fortefied there they proclaimed D. Alphonso King of Castille and Leon. In the beginning the King D. Sancho sent the Maisters of the Knights of Saint Iames Calatraua and Alcantara with the priors of Templers and Saint Iohn who wrought in such sort as they retired the Bejarans from their folly with assurance of their liues but afterwards the King neglecting his faith promised by his Lieutenants caused this people to be cruelly murthered to the number of foure thousand sparing neither women nor children for the which he was iustly blamed There was also an other massacre at Talauera Cruelty of the King D. Sancho for the like faction proclayming Don Alphonso de la Cerde for King of Castille whereas one of the ports of the townes is called at this day Quartos for that there were aboue foure hundred of the chiefe inhabitants slaine there The continuall griefe wherein hee was by reasons of these difficulties both at home and abroad made him to commit these outrages contrarie to all reason the which was no signe of magnanimitie besides that the furies if wee may so say by râ—â—son of his impietie and disobedience towardes his father did pursue him In the yeere of our Lord 1291. An. 1291. Queene Mary was brought in bed of her fourth sonne who was named D. Pedro and the warre being now begonne with Arragon the King D. Sancho came to Cuenca and sent good troupes against D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara who spoiled the countries of Cuenca and Alarcon who were defeated and many Ensignes and Guidons carried to Valencia whereas the king of Arragon and D. Diego Lopes de Haro were these with other discontents made the King of fall into a double Quartane which brought him in danger of his life In the meane time the King of Arragon D. Diego Lopes and D. Iohn Nugnes beeing returned to Albarrazin they did ouerrunne the territories of Molina Siguença Atienâ—a Berlanga and Almacan where they committed great spoiles and carried away a great booty finding no resistance D. Iohn Nugnes was fed with hope to recouer Albarrazin The Queene who was come to Cuenca to see the King her husband sicke wrought meanes to winne Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara whom they had often attempted to draw vnto the Kings seruice but hee trusted him not but now hee was perswaded vpon a promise to giue in marriage to his sonne called also D. Iohn Nugnes D. Isabella the heire of Molina and the Queenes Neece the which was performed but hauing his head euer fraught with iealousie and distrust hee was so easily induced to beleeue any aduertisment as hee was still ready to dislodge so as the King beeing at Palença and discontented with D. Nugnes carriage beganne also to distrust him And for that hee had need of captaines hee drew the Infant Don Iohn his brother out of prison in the yeere of our Lord 1291. to imploy him against his rebels hauing caused him to take a new oth to be faithfull vnto him and to his sonne D. Fernand whose hands hee caused them all to kisse as to the heire of the crowne From Palença hee went in pilgrimage to Saint Iames and by the way reduced vnder his obedience D. Iohn Alphonso d' Albuquerque a knight of great authority in Gallicia who had beene wonne by D. Iohn Nugnes At his returne to Vailledolit he found that his second sonne D. Alphonso was dead The same yeere a peace was concluded betwixt the Kings of France Arragon Naples and Arragon the Ambassadors of these Princes being assembled with the Popes Noncio at Tarascon at the instance of Edward King of England For the King of Arragon came D. Nugnes Mataplane Bishop of Sarragossa Raymond Anglesol Berenger Puchuert William Lunfort and Bernard william Pinelio all Lawiers who treated and agreed vpon these conditions Peace betwixt France and Arragon That the donation made by Pope Martin to Charles of Valois of the realme of Arragon and the appurtenances should bee voide and of no force paying a tribut of thirty ounces of gold yeerely to the Church of Rome That the Island of Majorca should bee restored to the lawfull Lord vpon condition that hee should acknowledge the King of Arragon for his soueraigne That the Arragonois should depart out of the Island of Sicile and leaue the free possession vnto Charles King of Naples That D. Alphonso King of Arragon should bee at Rome on Whitsonday that present yeere lead an army against the Infidels That he should perswade his brother D. Iames and his mother D. Constance to quit the realm of Sicile or else to make war against them These were the principall Articles of this peace the which the Arragonois held infamous accusing their King of impiety towards his mother and treason to his brother yet it was concluded and signed And for the confirmation thereof the bishop of Sarragossa and Berenger Puchuert went to Rome Some doubt whether the full conclusion thereof were made during the life of King D. Alphonso or at the entrance of the King D. Iames for D. Alphonso died about this treaty as hee made preparation to marry the daughter of Edward King of England called Leonara yet it is likely this peace was made in the life time of King D. Alphonso yea some Authors affirme that
beames did teare so as they looked hourely when the Oretoppe would fall and the ordnance sinke downe into the Keele Whereupon hee was forced to put backe to Plymouth where hee found a great part of the fleet There they repaired their shippes and the earle tooke another his owne being made vnseruiceable But they were kept in by continuall stormes and contrarie windes vntill their three monethes victuals was in a manner spent and the sicknesse growne great in the flie boats which carried the land armie Whereupon the Generall had order to discharge his land forces all but a thousand old souldiers which had beene drawne out of the Low Countries so as they were made vnable to land any forces at Farol After which there was a project made by the earle to send in certaine ships of fire and to bume the king of Spaines fleet as it should lye in the harbour without any daunger to the queenes ships Which counsell being allowed of at Court they put the second time to sea But some of good judgement in the fleet held this exploit vnfeasable they hauing not sufficient forces to performe it neither could they attempt it without apparent daunger as indeed it succeeded not for that the Saint Mathew one of the chiefe ships which should haue beene imployed in that action had lost her fore-mast and was put backe into England as they pretended So as hauing no meanes to doe any seruice vpon the fleet at Farol they concluded for the intercepting of the Indian fleet and defeating of the Adelantado if he did put to sea for there was no meanes to take in the island of Tercera their land forces being discharged Whereupon they shaped their course for the islands where they layed wait for the Indian fleet but they escaped them and got into Tercera road What the reasons of the missing of this Indian fleet were and what was else done at the islands by this armie I leaue to an ample relation of him who was an eye witnesse and did well obserue it And so hauing failed in all their designes this fleet returned home into England The Spaniards did in like manner arme Spaniards preparation at sea There was the regiment of Alexander de Monti consisting of 15 companies imbarked at Naples the which had like to haue beene cast away in a storme vpon the coast of Romania In the end they came to Genoua and there joyned with the troupes of Gambalaita all which were transported into Spaine in Dorias gallies passing from Barcelona to Cadiz where a part of the fleet lay there they imbarked their land forces in certaine galleons being six thousand Italians going towards the Groine with an intent being joyned with the Adelantado and the rest of the fleet to make some attempt vpon England But on the eight of September they had so cruell a storme as they were scattered from their Admirall and in exceeding great daunger whereof some were cast away A galleon wherein Alexander de Monti was and some of his companies hauing lost her maine mast was driuen to the Canaries and after that to the coast of Africke hauing lost his pilot with most of his mariners there he ran her on ground and recouered Mazagon where he furnished himselfe of all that hee wanted and then he past towards the strait meeting with an English ship which fought long with him but in the end he tooke her Then joyning with D. Pedro de Toledo with some other vessels they scoured the coast of Barbarie securing the coasts of Spaine and in the end they came to winter in Saint Marie port The rest of this Spanish fleet after this cruell storme for the most part recouered Farol Thus both fleets this yeare without any fruits put themselues to the hazard of the sea and receiued great losses The warres hauing continued long betwixt France and Spaine Mediation for a peace betwixt France and Spaine many princes desired to see the miseries of Christendome at an end Pope Clement the eight as much affecting this generall peace as any of his predecessors considering the great miseries which the diuisions of the French and Spaniards did cause and that the Turke made his profit thereof and had incroached farre into Christendome hee resolued to reconcile these two kings of Spaine and France Father Bonauâ—enture Calatagirone a Siâ—ilian borne Generall of the Franciscanes and who afterwards was made Patriarke of Constantinople was sent by him into Spaine vnder colour to visit the Conuents of his Order but in effect it was to sound king Philip whether he had any inclination to a peace with France where hee found all things well disposed and the Spaniards desirous to change the doubtfull euents of a troublesome warre with the assured and more profitable effects of peace his old age his son young whom he desired to marie and to leaue him his Estates quiet his eldest daughter to whom he would giue the Low Counties marying her to cardinall Albert of Austria who like new Lords should haue need of the loue and good neighbourhood of a French king 1698 the French being vnited and their ciuile warres ended they were likely to transport the warre into his countries hauing taken Amiens by force euen in view of his armie All these considerations made the king of Spaine incline to a peace not onely with the French but with the Queene of England and the vnited Prouinces of the Netherlands Calatagirone being returned to Rome assured the Pope that hee had found a disposition and desire of peace in king Philip and that he was wearie of the warres So the Pope continuing in this good desire sent this Franciscan into France to persuade the king to peace and friendship with the king of Spaine Alexander cardinall of Florence his Holinesse Legat in France vnderstanding the Popes pleasure together with Calatagirone persuaded the king to yeeld vnto a peace And on the other side by the exhortations of the Patriarke Caietan his Holinesse Nuntio at Madrid the king of Spaine referred the whole treatie of the said peace to his nephew cardinall Albert. Whilest that Calatagirone went to Brussels to solicite the cardinall to send the deputies to Veruins the French king aduertised all his allies to the end they might be comprehended in this accord with the Spaniard if they thought good The queene of England who had more annoyed the Spaniard than all the princes of Christendome refused to be comprehended in the accord and so did the Estates of the vnited Prouinces who sent their embassadours to the French king to dissuade him from a peace with the Spaniard The king of Spaine did greatly desire a peace with them and sought it by the meanes of his kinsmen and allies who at his request sent their embassadours to that end into England Queene of England Estates of the Low Countries refuse a peace with the Spaniard and the vnited Prouinces but without effect The king of Spaine hearing of all their aunswers and
country of Toledo he came to Burgos where hee called an other assembly and kept his court in the yeere 1170. An. 1170. touching that which lies on this side the mountaines belonging to Castille and Nagera D. Alphonso the noble King of Castille comes of years and for that the fifteenth yeere of his age was now ended all the townes forts were yeeled vp vnto him without any contradiction according to the will of his deceased father yea those which were held by D. Fernand of Castro who was neuer more seene in Castille by reason of the quarrels he had with the house of Lara but passing to the Moores hee shewed himselfe a perpetuall enemy to his country In the assembly at Burgos there was speech of the excesse and outrages done by Fernand King of Leon to reuenge the which hee resolued to proclaime warre against him but it was not put in execution long after by reason of D. Alphonsos youth who was not yet capable of so great an enterprise There they treated also of the Kings marriage with Elenor daughter to Henry the second King of England And marries Elenor of England who was as renouned as any Prince at that day in Christendome he was sonne to Geoffrey Duke of Aniou and Normandie It was this Henry which had married Queene Elenor heire of the Dutchie of Guienne and countie of Poictou put away by Lewis the seuenth the French King 5 After these things there was an enter-view of two yong Kings D. Alphonso of Castille and D. Alphonso of Arragon at Sahagun with shewes of great loue and from thence they went to Sarragosse from whence there was an Ambassage sent to effect the marriage of the King of Castille The Ambassadors were D. Celebrun Archbishop of Toledo the Bishops of Palenza Calaorra Burgos and Segobia the Earles D. Ponce and D. Nugno with other Noblemen who found the court with the Queene mother and her daughter at Burdeaux whose returne the King of Castille attended at Sarragosse where during his aboad the league was renewed betwixt Castille and Arragon and a new made for the mutuall defence of both Kings against all men except the King of England in the which were named all the great men belonging to either estate for assurance whereof there was consigned and laied in pawne the castles of Nagera Biguerra Clauijo Ocon and Arueda for the King of Castille and for the King of Arragon Hariza Daroca Aranda Epila Borja with a condition that hee which should breake the league should loose these places and the conuentions were signed and confirmed by the two Kings and their chiefest Nobles The Ambassadors of Castille were welcome to Burdeaux and their charge was very pleasing to the king of England wherevpon the Princesse Elenor was sent into Spaine beeing accompanied by Bernard Archbishop of Bourdeaux the Bishoppes of Poictiers Angoulesme Perigueux Xaintes Agen and Bazas by Raoul de la Faye Seneshall of Guienne Helie Earle of Perigort the Vicounts of Tartax Chasteleraud Chastillon Mortmar Vendome Augoulesme Labrit or Albret with very many other Noblemen and Knights By the treaty made with the Ambassadors it was sayd that the assurace and contract of marriage should bee made at Tarrassone and should be sollemnly ratefied in the presence of the King of Arragon wherefore the two Kings came to Tarrassone where these things were celebrated and sworne with great sollemnity Guifts to th◠new Queene of Castille in fouor of 〈◊〉 marriage in the yeere of our Lord 1170. and for accomplishment thereof at that instant D. Alphonso King of Castille caused all the Knights of Castille which were there present to sweare fealtie to his future spouse and moreouer hee gaue vnto her in faaour of the marriage the castles and city of Burgos Castro Xeris Auia Monçon Saldagne Tariego Dueregnas Carrion Aabeson Medina del Aampo Villa Escusa Aguillar Astudillo for her idle expences to furnish her cabinet he assigned particularly vnto her Burgos Nagera and Castro Xeris besides he gaue vnto her the rents of the port of Saint Emeterio Besgo Cabedo Briza de Centillana Calaorra Logrogno Arnedo Biguerra Granon Vilhorado Pancoruo Monasterio Poza Atiença Osma Penafiil Curiel Surita Hita Aegna Negra and others Moreouer hee promised to giue her the moytie of all hee should conquer from the Moores from the day of their marriage These promises and matrimoniall conuentions were sworne in the presence of the Archbishop of Bourdeaux and other English Ambassadors to whom in the Queenes name hee caused the forts to bee deliuered and the homages aboue mentioned to bee done all in the presence of the King of Arragon as an indifferent arbitrator for both parties These things thus finished the two Kings of Castille and Arragon parted good friends and the Ambassadors with the new spouse came with D. Alphonso the Noble to Burgos where the marriage was celebrated with great state and royal pompe after which the court parting from Burgos it came to Nagera in the countrie of Oja where the King gaue leaue to many which had come to attend the solemnitie of his marriage namely to them of Auila who had alwaies followed him to whom for their willingnesse to serue him hee graunted many priuiledges After which hee led the Queene to Toledo where hee grew so amorons of a Iew whom they called Hermosa as hee forgot his new spouse and intangled himselfe so farre in her loue Disordanat Iust of D. Alphonso king of Castille as hee almost lost his sences whereat some Knights of Castille beeing verie much greeued they thought to doe an act pleasing vnto God and profitable to the commen-weale to kill this Iew the which in the beginning the King did beare verie impatiently but in the end hee acknowledged his error and detested it Vpon the confines of Arragon and Castille there began at that time a petty estate in Albarrazin Fort of Albarrazin which place was vsurped by a Knight called D. Pedro Ruis d' Açagra who held it of God and his sword Hee was borne in Nauarre and wonne the loue of the Moores of Murcia and other neighbour places which did fauour and succor him in his enterprises and withall hee had newly made a league with D. Sancho King of Nauarre who supported him and vsed him to bridle Arragon and Castille with which estates hee had or feared some Iarres This fort which had beene in ancient time called Saint Marie of Albarrazin was a troublesome thorne in the feete of the Kings of Castille and Arragon An. 1172. into whose territories D. Pedro Ruis ◠Asagra made often roads at his pleasure who hauing about this yeere of our Lord 1172. taken some places in Castille the King D. Alphonso the noble resolued to make warre against him and to take them from him if hee could for this consideration hee made a priuate league with the King of Arragon who was interessed by the which it was concluded that the King of
Cattelogne To D. Iames his second sonne he left the Islands of Majorca and Minorca with the title of a Kingdome and the right of Soueraignty but it continued not long He gaue by testament to the children of D. Theresa Gil of Bedaure that is to D. Iames Xirica Toro Eslida Beho and Ahin and to D. Pedro Ayerbio Lusia Ahuero Liso Artasson Castillon Sustico Borota Azuere Gabatraios and Beninuena It is credible that he did marry this Lady secretly yet after the death of Queene Iolant which was about the yeere 1251. hauing accompanied with her before it may be betwixt these two marriages and not as some haue written before his first marriage with D. Leonor of Castille These two sonnes D. Iames and D. Pedro borne of D. Theresa were the Authors of the families of Xerica and Ayerbio He also gaue by testament to D. Pedro Fernandes whom hee had by D. Berenguela Fernandes Ixar and did substitute vnto his lawfull sonnes the children of his daughters D. Isabel Constance and Iolant hee was interred in the habit of a Monke of Cisteaux in the royal Monastery of Pobler D. Pedro the third of that name and the ninth King of Arragon 20 DOn Pedro his eldest sonne was King in the yeere 1276. being surnamed the great by reason of his great exploits some good some bad His Sonne D. Alphonso had the yeere before by the care of D. Iames his Grandfather beene sworne King of Arragon and Valencia after D. Pedro his father by the Estates assembled to that end at Lerida He had him by D. Constance daughter to Manfroy Geneâ—logy of Arragon bastard to the Emperor Frederic the second King of Sicile and Naples of whom hee also begat D. Iames who was King of Sicile whose elder brother dying without children he came to succeed in the Realme of Arragon Besides these he had D. Fadrique or Frederic to whom was giuen the realme of Sicile and D. Pedro who alone of all the brethren was no King and two daughters D. Isabel who was married to Don Denis King of Portugal and Constance or Violant wife to Robert King Naples In the right of his wife Constance daughter to Manfroy the vsurping King of Naples and Sicile hee challenged these realmes for him and his successours who in the end enioyed them and thus the Historie records it William the second of that name King of Naples and Sicile Sicile and Naples held by the Normans being dead being of the Normans race about the yeere 1189. Pope Clement the 3. then raigning pretended that these realmes were fallne to the church of Rome But the noblemen and barons of the realm for diuers considerations did make Tanered bastard son to Roger the 3. their King who first intitled himselfe King of Naples and Sicile whereat Pope Celestine the 3. successor to Clement being discontented he would haue dispossessed Tanered to inuest the Emperor Henry the sixth sonne to Frederic Barbarossa Duke of Suabe in the realmes of Naples and Sicile And the better to assure him the royall title he caused him to marry Constance Neece or lawfull daughter of Roger who was a professed Nunne in the Monastery of Saint Mary or as some write at Saint Peters of Palermo dispensing with her vow and profession by his papal authority by whom the Emperor Henry had Frederic who was afterwards Emperor the second of that name Henry sought long to dispossesse Tancred but it was in vaine He beeing dead his sonne Roger raigned little after whose decease Queene Sibille caused an other sonne called William to be presently crowned being very yong whom the Emperor Henry found meanes to circumuent vpon collour of making some good accord with him and hauing by policy drawne him to Palermo without entring into any conference he caused him to be gelt and sent him into Germany with his three sisters By this meanes the Normands command in Naples and Sicile fell into the hands of the house of Suabe Sicile and Naples in the house of Suabe After the death of Henry Frederic his sonne being Emperour and duke of Suabe succeeded in these realmes the which hee enioyed notwithstanding many crosses which the Popes gaue him against whom Gautier of Brene husband to Queene Sybille who had escaped out of prison led an army but hee was taken and slue himselfe in prison Frederic had by many wiues many children by Constance of Arragon Henry the elder duke of Suabe and King of Romains by Iolant of Brenne daughter to the King of Ierusalem Conrad also duke of Suabe and King of Romains after the decease of his brother and moreouer by testament King of Naples By Mahaut or Isabel according vnto some daughter to Iohn King of England he had Henry the yonger who was King of Sicile by Testament and by a concubine Manfroy Conrad and Henry succeeded after their father Frederic respectiuely in the realmes of Naples and Sicile And for that they were young and absent Manfroy was appointed to be Gouernor of these Estates by the Emperor in his brothers names Against whom Pope Innocent did chose the King of Englands brother to bee King of Naples and Sicile but he neuer past into Italy By the practises of Popes these realmes were in great combustion so as Manfroy was obeyed but by the lesser part Wherefore Conrad King of Romains was forced to passe into Italy with a great army by meanes whereof the reduced these realmes vnder his obedience Parricids committed by Conrad who was afterwards so transported with a desire of raigne as he caused his brother Henry the younger to bee slaine as Saint Felix in Basilicata and Frederic his Nephew sonne to the elder Henry to bee poysoned hauing inuited him to supper for which parricide God suffered that hee himselfe should die of poyson which Manfroy his bastard brother gaue him By these deathes the realmes of Naples and Sicile came by lawfull succession to Conradin brother to Frederic that was poysoned Manfroys parricide sonne to Henry the elder But Manfroy who had gouerned in an others name and tasted the sweet of command resolued then to keepe these realmes for himselfe sending men into Germany to dispatch Conradin if it were possible were it by poison or otherwise in the meane time he held his authority of Lieutenant or Viceroy against the Popes attempts and after a while faigning that Conradin was dead he clad himselfe in mourning and making a great speech in an assembly of the Noblemen and States of the Realme seeming to bee very sorrowfull for the death of his Nephew he perswaded them to choose him King of Naples and Sicile by a generall consent where he raigned thirteene yeeres and the better to maintaine himselfe he made a league with the Venetians and other Potentates of Italy Against whom Pope Vrbain the fourth called out of France Charles brother to Saint Lewis Duke of Anjou Charles of Aniou made king of Naples and Sicile and Earle of Prouence who
the 4. for the accomplishing of which accord King Charles stayed some time in France and also by Commission from the same Pope to mediate a peace betwixt France and England Frederick of Arragon seazeth vpon Sâ—cile but returning into Italy and thinking to haue free possession of Italy hee found that Don Fredericke brother to the king Don Iames of Arragon had seazed thereon by reason whereof there began a more violent warre then before The Pope hauing cited the two breethren of Arragon Don Iames came to Rome and purged himselfe by oath that he was ignorant of his brothers enterprise offering to king Charles who was present ayde to recouer the Iland whereupon they continued friends Thither also came queene Constance widow to Don Pedro and Roger de Loria the Admirall who were much honored by king Charles intertayning Roger into his seruice 14 The king D. Iames was made Standard-bearer of the Church by the Pope Robert sonne to K. Charles put to rout by the Sicilians who moreouer did inuest him in the Ilands of Corsica and Sardinia which were held by the Pisans and Geneuois vpon condition that he should conquer them by armes at his own charge and a certaine rent which some say was two thousand markes of siluer to the Church of Rome with other burthensome conditions According to the offer which the king of Arragon had made vnto king Charles he gaue him thirty gallies with the which hauing ioyned his fleet of forty gallies whereof Roger de Loria was Admirall they sayled all towards Sicile and hauing incountred D. Frederick with 60. gallies commanded by Frederick d' Oria a Geneuois D. Fred cricke put to route by the French they gaue them battell put them to route took 22. gallies and about 6000. prisoners and if the Cattelans who tooke part with Charles had not made way to giue D. Frederick meanes to escape he had beene also taken Roger de Loria was depriued of his goods in the Iland of Sicile and condemned as guilty of high treason Don Frederick saued himselfe in Cattelogne where he did somewhat repaire his forces and then returned to Messina There hee found that the Sicilians had had their reuenge vpon the French for they had fought with them and taken Iohn de Loria nephew to Roger with sixteene gallies and had cut off his head as a rebell which caused Roger to shew himselfe cruell vnto his prisoners Afterwards king Charles hauing sent Robert his third sonne with commission into the Iland and hauing taken Cattanea as he resolued to go and meet with a fleete of 60. Robert sonne to King Charles put to rout by the Sicilans Gallies which Philip Prince of Tarentum his brother did leade the Sicilians vnderstanding that Roberts gallies were in the port of Cattanea vnmanned went and assayled them tooke some and disperst the rest in the view of Philip against whom hauing directed their prowes they also gaue battel to his 60. gallies whom they put to route tooke him prisonser and carried him to Palermo wherfore Robert their king after these two routes thinking that he should not be safe in Sicile abandoned Cattanea and returned to Naples Whilest these contended for Sicile the King D. Iames did quietly enioy his Estates of Arragon hauing in the yeare 1295. made a new league with the Kings of France Portugal and Granado against the new King of Castile in fauour of D. Alphonso de la Cerde the titularie king of that Realme D. Fernand or Ferdinand the 4. of that name 12. king of Castile 33. of Leon. 15 IT is a scourge greatly to be feared Castile with the which God beeing displeased doth punish nations when he giues them children for Princes and women for Gouernors for the young age and weake sexe beeing alwaies little respected and these instruments easie to gouerne by flatterers and to be terrified by the violent wee haue alwaies seene in such raignes Maiestie in contempt Iustice troden vnder foot the people opprest the good recoyled Truth banished and the Country in prey to their neighbors D. Fernand of Castile being a child the yeare 1295. when his father D. Sancho dyed the gouernment of him and of his Realme by the will of the deceased King should remaine in the hands of the Queene D. Mary his mother A little before D. Henry his great vncle was come into Spaine who hauing beene chased out of the country for his turbulent spirit during the raigne of Don Fernand the third had runne through many countries both Christians and Infidels and tryed diuers conditions so as after many yeares he brought backe into Spaine the same qualities which had expelled him yea far worse by whose aduice the Queene was forced to gouerne her selfe so as in effect he was Regent himselfe which the Earle D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara and his brother D. Nugno Gonçales did enuie Besides the Noblemen who during the life of the deceased king were out of the Realme hoping in this new raigne to be restored through the fauour of their partisans and friends were now returned D. Alphonso de la 〈◊〉 and D Iohn of Castile contâ—nd for the realme which did not a little trouble the Queene mother who for these considerations was forced to giue D. Henry great authority against her will D. Diego Lope Diaz de Haro had vsurped the authoritie in the ancient patrimonie of his house of Biscay and there were newes that the Infant D. Iohn came out of Affricke to contend for the kingdome Besides that on the other side D. Alphonso de la Cerde fauoured by the forces of Arragon France and Nauarre carried himselfe openly or king of Castile Notwithstanding all these crosses and dangers this Princesse who was of a great courage caused Don Fernand her sonne to be proclaimed and crowned King of Castile Leon and other lands depending in the city of Toledo writing vnto the Nobleman and Prouinces to acknowledge and receiue him and to the end they should doe it the more willingly she did release them of a tribute called Sica which the deceased king beeing prest with great necessittie had imposed In the beginning no man refused it but the Noblemen mentioned bread such a confusion as she had almost sunke vnder the burthen D. Henry to settle his authoritie of Regent Troubles â—aised D. Henry which he sayd did belong vnto him stirred vp the townes of Casile to open rebellion so as the Queene mother and her sonne being come toVailledolit where she had called an assembly of the Estates they shut the gates against them and caused them to stay without vntill night neither would they then suffer such as had accompanied them to enter but onely she her sonne their Officers and houshold seuants Don Henry came thither who hauing scarce saluted the Queene he began to perswade her to end this dangerous warre and to disperse the conspiracie of so many Princes against her and her sonne by her marriage with
gaue to Don Bernardin of Cabrera son to Don Bernard After his returne into Spaine the treatie of peace betwixt him and the Common-weale of Genoua was againe debated before the Pope by the Ambassadours of both parties but all came to nothing wherefore the tumults increasing in Sardynia and Mathew D'Oria hauing forced the castell of Oria the king sent D. Gilbert Chintilla thither with what forces he could and entred into a cruell war against Castile in the yeare 1356. the cause whereof was as followeth 7 Don Pedro king of Castile beeing at some peace with his subiects and soiourning in the cittie of Seuile he went one day to Saint Lucar of Barameda Castile and Arragon to see the fishing of Thuns which is very plentifull in those parts where it happened that as the army of Arragon consisting of ten gallies and some other vessels commanded by Francis Perillos past along that Coast to go into France in fauour of King Iohn against the English they met with two ships of Genoa laden with oyles which the gallies had poursued and taken in the port of Saint Lucar whereuppon the king of Castile who was vppon the place gaue the Admirall of Arragon to vnderstand that that prize was an injurie done vnto him and therfore he shold restore the ships with their ladings and furniture wherof the Admirall Perillos made no accompt saying that they were shippes belonging to the enemies of his king and the Arragon Authors say that Perillos entred euen into the mouth of Guadalquibir and their made prey of all he found whereat the king of Castile beeing moued he caused all the Cattelan shippes and Merchants to bee arrested within his Realme and seazed vppon all their goods and merchandise And as he was cholericke and furious not respecting peace truce league nor allyance whatsoeuer hee sent to denounce warre against the Arragonois and began to put it in execution Notwithstanding that he offered to recompence vnto the Merchants whome his Admirall had spoyled and to make all other honest satisfactions accustomed betwixt Prince and Prince All this preuayled not for about the end of the yeare 1356. hee sent troups of horse and foote to spoyle the territories of Valence An. 1356. towards Murcia and also of Molina thrust on by some about him who were desirous of stirres thinking to assure and increase their Estates by the meanes of forraine warres so as the king of Arragon found himselfe suddenly engaged in a dangerous warre against a mighty enemy to preuent the which hee drew vnto him Lewis brother to the King of Nauarre Gouernour of that Countrie and had from thence such succours as the Estate of their affaires could well beare wherein Lewis shewed himselfe so discreet and wise as the King of Castile held him a neuer betwixt both parties Moreouer he called vnto him out of France Henry Earle of Transtamara base brother to the king of Castile and much hated by him who made himselfe Vassall to the Crown of Arragon and had from the King the lands of Villegrasse Montblanc and others in Cattelogne Arragon and Valence doing fealtie and homage yea in a manner all that had beene held by Donna Leonora the Queene Dowager and her children Don Fernand and Don Iohn of Arragon and was made Commander of the men of warre for the defence of the frontiers against Castile which made the king of Castile to come into Arragon in person with greater forces and to make warre with all violence and extremity where hee tooke Bordalua and Embite and so prest Tarassone with the force of armes as hee forced the Inhabitants to surrender and yeeld the place without opposition vppon condition that they might retire to Tudele a towne of Nauarre Besides this he tooke Alcala of Firuela Verrejon and the castell of los Fajos hauing in his arâ—â—ie nine thousand horse span and a great number of foote against the which forces the Arragonois durst not present themselues wherefore he marched as farre as hee pleased and then returned to Tarassone There by the meanes and industrie of Cardinall William the Popes Legate there was a truce concluded for a yeare whereuppon he took his way towards Seuile Beeing yet at Tarassone he had newes that Don Iohn de la Cerde and D. Aluar Perez of Guzman were reuolted from him and had taken the party of Arragon and that at that instant they had beene charged and defeated by his men in Andalusia and Don Iohn de la Cerde taken D. Iohn de la Cerde slaine by the 〈◊〉 Commandement whom he commanded to bee slaine before his arriuall then being come to Seuile he spent the rest of the yeare to prepare in armie at sea for the future warre for his intent was not to conclude a peace neither would he yeeld the cittie of Tarassone into the Legats hands according to the capitulations nor performe any part of that which had beene treated notwithstanding that the king of Arragon had performed all on his part whereuppon the Leagate beeing at Tudele in Saint Maries church he propounded a sentence of Excommunication against Don Pedro King of Castile and did interdict his Realme in the presence of the Bishops of Cominges and Tarrassone and the Ambassadors of Castile and Arragon the which put the king of Castile into a greater furie The Legate beeing at Huesca published the Decree and Censure against the King of Castile and his Realme by the which besides that which hath beene spoken he was condemned in hundred Markes of siluer to the Sea of Rome and defence made to Lewis brother to the king of Nauarre to the kings of England and Portugall to all Christian Princes yea and to those that did in any sort belong by consanguinitie to this excommunicated king not to conuerse with him nor to giue him ayde nor succours Then was the Infant Don Fernand of Arragon perswaded by some Noblemen of Arragon to meete with Don Pedro king of Arragon his brother in a valley couered with trees where they had a long and friendly discourse so as the Infant returned full of promises and hopes The Captaine of Tarassone for the king of Castile called Gonçales Lusio was also drawne by the perswasions of Suero Garcia of Toledo who was fled into Arragon sonne to Garcia Suero to yeeld vp that place to the King of Arragon vppon promise of fortie thousand Florins the which he did soone after execute And for that the effects of the King of Castiles bad inclination appeared daily there was a League made betwixt the King of Maroc and hee of Arragon to the preiudice of Castile and Don Tello of Castile and the Earle of Luna entred with an armie towards Soria where they spoiled the Countrie Thus these two Kings Don Pedro King of Castile and Don Pedro king of Arragon wilfull cholericke and madde sell againe into a cruell and pernitious warre to the inestimable prejudice of their subiects and shame and dishonor to the
the King D. Pedro else it would be dangerous that being in his power he would doe him some affront being rash cruel and without respect besides the country of Nauarre being then vnfurnished and the forces of Castile round about them it was to be feared that if he seemed vnwilling to doe that which he required with his detention he would cause his men to ouerrunne his country to the great preiudice both of himselfe and the Nauarrois his subiects He beleeued them and made answer to the King of Castile that both himselfe and his meanes were at his commandment prouided that he yeelded the like vnto him if he receiued any discommodity by making himselfe an enemy to the King of Arragon his brother in law The allyance of Castile which he so much sought to make vse thereof against the French brought him into this error that he made no difficulty to put himselfe into the hands of the most disloyall Prince liuing In the peace made betwixt Castile and Arragon Castille there had beene propounded that D. Pedro King of Castile should marry D. Ieanne second daughter to the King of Arragon for D. Constance the eldest had beene married to D. Frederic of Sicile but the Ambassador of Castile by his maisters commandment made a motion for the marriage betwixt D. Alphonso son to D. Maria of Padilla and D. Leonora the yongest daughter of Arragon the which was concluded vpoÌ„ condition that the king of Castile should cause his son D. Alphonso to be declared lawful heire of the Realmes of Castile Leon c. and that he should giue him presently the Siegneury of Molina with the towns of Almaçan and Medina Celi whereof D. Garci Aluares of Toledo maister of S. t Iames and his high Steward should be put in possession and that the pretended marriage betwixt the king and D. Maria of Padilla shold be proued by him to haue bin done after the decease of Queen Blanche the King of Arragon promising for himself and his successors that if after the decease of Don Pedro King of Castile there should be any question made vnto D. Alphonso his sonne in law touching the succession he should aide and assist him with all the forces of Arragon Don Pedro King of Castile to haue this declaration made and his sonne Alphonso acknowledged for lawful heire had called the Estates to Seuile and there the fact being propounded by him it was receiued allowed future obedience sworn vnto the Infant by the Estates as heire after his father consenting that Donna Maria of Padilla deceased should be called Queene and her daughters D. Beatrix D. Constance and Donna Izabella Infants of Castile but neither of the marriage nor of any thing thereon depending was there any accompt made after the interview of the kings of Nauarre and Castile at Soria but without all respect of accords promises or oathes assoon as these two kings were parted Peace broken by the Castâ—â—aâ— with Arragon he of Castile came with a great power into Arragon and tooke Ariça Ateça Terrer Mros Cerina and Alhama and layed seege to Calatajub the which he tooke and put to route many knights which came to succour it by reason whereof Aranda with other townes and castles yeelded Then hauing left Don Garci Aluares of Toledo Master of the knights of Saint Iames vppon the frontier he returned to Seuile On the other part the King of Nauarre because hee would not faile of his promise made at Soria sent to denounce warre against the king of Arragon his brother-in-law for that during his affaires and imprisonment in France he would not succor him VVar declare 〈◊〉 by the king 〈◊〉 Nauar against Arragon whereunto the king of Arragon offering to satisfie him with good reasons he would not heare any Hauing therefore assembled his forces he came to beseege the towne of Sos and tooke it then Saluaterra running by the vallies of the Pyrenees vnto the town of Iacca where as the king of Arragon had placed Peter of Pomar for Gouernor The king Don Charles being returned into his countrie he had soone after a supply of two thousand men at armes sent him out of Castile which he disposed with his Nauarrois vppon the frontiers of Arragon whereas they did spoyle burne and murther In the meane time the Infant D. Alphonso of Castile who should haue beene sonne-in-law to the king of Arragon dyed An. 1363. In the yeare 1363. the king of Castile doubting that the French would bee reuenged for the death of Queene Blanche of Bourbon whom he had caused to bee poysoned after that he had intreated her vnworthily many yeares seeing also a peace made betwixt them and the English he sent Ambassadors to Edward king of England and to the Prince of Wales his soone to demand their allyance and friendship the which they willingly granted The king of Arragon vnderstanding well that the warre which the king of Nauarre made against him was forced he sought by subtill meanes to diuide him from his allyance with Castile And knowing that king Charles had alwaies beene in quarrell with the French king for the Dutchie of Bourgogne and other lands he sent Don Iohn Fernandes of Heredia in ambassage to King Iohn who being come into Auignon and hauing had many conferences with the Lords of the French kings Councell he preuailed so much as they were content to referre all controuersies to the arbitrement of the king of Arragon his Master and to sixe Cardinals for which cause the kings of Nauarre and Arragon began from that time to haue secret intelligence one with another to the preiudice of Castile Notwithstanding the army of Castile returning into Arragon the king of Nauarre sent his brother Lewis with many Nauarrois and Gascons among others Don Martin Henriques of Lacarra Standard-bearer of the Realme and Captal of Buch vnto them Siege was layed to Tarraçone and the place taken in the which was Albert a Knight of S. Iohn Boria was also taken and Iohn Ximenes of S. Piren with other Knights which were within it the castle of Vaguena was burnt with the Captiane which defended it called Michel Barnabas whose sonne carrying the same name was for this cause made noble by the king of Arragon with all his posteritie by a decree made by the Body of the State Cariniena was also taken where as Don Pedro King of Castile vsed horrible cruelties vppon the inhabitants for those that he left aliue were afflicted with torments more grieuous then death of some he cut off the hands of othes the feete and of some the noses and eares Magallon and the Vicount of Isle which defended it Teruel castle Habib Ademus Villel and the towne of Segorue were also made subiect to the king of Castile Don Pedro Maca was taken in the castle of Segorue and Ximen Doriz at Xerica After which the K. of Castile tooke Mormedro Almenara Bugnol Macasta Benaguazil Alpuche with many other places and
to their partie The king of Arragon demanded the Realme of Murcia the townes of Requegna Otiel Moya Cagnete the citty of Cuenca and the Segneurie of Molina with other places vppon the frontier of Castile whereof he held some but hoping he should haue a better composition with the king D. Henry he kept himselfe betwixt both being doubtfull what to do so as nothing was concluded for that time with the ambassadors of England During these reuolutions in Spaine in temporall affaires religion was managed by diuers fects of Monkes especially by the begging Friars of Saint Dominick and Saint Francis who this yeare incensed the people against a new Order which had risen in Spaine in the time of the king Don Pedro through the deuout ignorance of certaine Italians of Sienna religious Hermits who had heard one of their companions called Friar Thomas say dying by a Propheticall spirit Order of Saint Ierom in Spain sayd they that within few dayes the holy Ghost should come into Spaine and that he had this by reuelation wherfore all these religious men thinking that the holy Ghost did not frequent much in Italy in those times and that it was something which they must seeke farre off in a strange countrie they left Italy and came into the countrie of Toledo hoping to get the grace of the holy Ghost and therby saue their soules The fame of these men being spred ouer Spaine a bishop of Iaen called D. Alphonso Pecha and Don Pero Fernand Pecha his brother Chamberlaine to the king Don Pedro Hernando Ianes Chanoine of Toledo and chiefe Chaplaine of the chappell of the auncient Kings with many other Christians commending the resolution of these Friars and their ignorance being desirous to liue in that contemplation ioyned with them leauing Bishoprickes Chanonries Benefices and Estates and chusing their aboads in caues and woods farre from the societie of men where they began to liue a wonderfull austere life saying that it was according to the rule of Saint Paul that they must suffer many discommodities to liue like Christians and that it was the meanes to gaine Paradice This sect beeing in great esteeme the begging Friars began to blame the people for following of these men who had no setled Order nor discipline among them and which did more import had no approbation from the Pope For these reasons the inconstant multitude began to retire themselues and to abate much of their deuotion which these good Hermits finding to their great griefe they tooke councell among themselues to send vnto the Pope to get authoritie from him for a name rule profession order and aboade The messengers were Friar Peter Fernandez of Guadajara and Friar Peter Romaine of their company who beeing come before the Pope exposed their deuotion vnto him their maner of life Approbation of the Order of S. Ierome by the Pope exercises in religion their means and merits beseeching him that he would bee pleased to approoue their Order and profession giuing them for Patron the great Doctor Saint Ierome to whome all were most addicted The Pope made no difficultie to allow of them hauing had some former information of that which they had sayd appointing them to liue vnder the rule of S. Augustine hee prescribed what manner of garment they should weare and sent backe these Deputies into Spaine with Buls in October 1373. By this approbation from the Pope these Monkes crept into credit and did build their first conuent in a place called Lupiana in the Archbishoppricke of Toledo two leagues from Guadalajara dedicating it to Saint Bartholomew the which was since the chiefe of the Order the Prior of which Monasterie is Generall of the Order for three yeares and is bound to reside in that Monasterie during his charge Since by the bountie of the Princes of Spaine these Hermits haue built many Conuents and haue greatly inlarged their possessions Their exercise is more in singing then studying the which they do neglect expresly to the end they might not be diuerted from their simple contemplation notwithstanding there haue beene some great Preachers found among them and men of vnderstanding in great affaires of State Returning to politicke worldly affaires the king D. Henry beeing aduertised of the practises betwixt the English and the king of Arragon he sought to entertain the hope of compromise propounded by the Cardinall Guy of Bologne who by the Popes commandement was a mediator to make this peace In the meane time hee had intelligence with Lewis Duke of Aniou Gouernor of Languedoc and concluded that hee should presse the English towards Bayone and the duke of Aniou vppon the limits of his gouernment and then hauing ioyned their forces together they shold annoy them all they could in Guienne for he had intelligence that Iohn Duke of Lancaster had imparted his enterprises and ioyned his forces with those of Iohn of Montfort Duke of Brittaine making preparation to enter into Castile 〈…〉 against D Henry of Castile the which he thought fit to preuent and to assaile him in Guienne whilest that Philip the Hardy Duke of Bourgongne and brother to the French king made warre against the English in Artois and Vermandois and to this effect the king D. Henry gaue order to rayse an armie in Rioja Whilest that the troupes were leuying the Court being at Burgos there fell a quarrell betwixt the seruants of D. Sancho Earle of Albuquerque the kings brother and them of D. Pedro Gonçales of Mendoça for their lodgings whether the Earle running to pacifie this broyle whereof neither hee nor D. Pedro were guilty he was thrust through with a lance and slaine by one that knew him not The king parting from Burgos came to Rioja where hauing mustred his army he found 6200. horse whereof 1200. were Genets with the which he past to Bayone being assured by the Duke of Aniou that he would come and ioyne with him And to keepe the king of Arragon in awe Don Iames Infant of Majorca husband to Ieanne Queene of Naples was come to Narbone with good troupes threatning to enter into Cattelogne The K. D. Henry passing by Alaua and Guipuscoa entred into the territorie of Bayone D. Henry of Castile 〈◊〉 Guiâ—nnâ— wiâ—h an army against the English where he found no great resistance for the armie of English which had beene hotly pursued by the Duke of Bourgongne beeing come to Bourdeaux was much dminished There he stayed some dayes for the Duke of Aniou hauing sent Pero Fernandes of Velasco his Lord Chamberlaine and Don Iohn Ramires of Areillan to hasten him but they found him busied in taking of townes and castels from the English some by force some by composition so as the king Don Henry returned with his army into Spaine hauing done no great exploite Passing through Guipuscoa Don Bertrand of Gueuara Lord of Ognate who had done him great seruice made sute vnto him to giue him the towne of Mondragon whereof the Inhabitants beeing aduertised they
and iurisdictions of Leon An. 1387. in the yeare 1387. and beseeged Benauent in vaine they passed by Villalobos Pialas and Valderas the which they took from whence returning by Ciudad Roderigo they retired into Portugal wanting victuals and beeing pressed with the plague and moreouer they had newes that the French supplies had passed Nauarre and were entring into Castile the which aduanced the conclusion of a peace betwixt the King of Castile and the Duke of Lancaster the which was made at Troncoso with these conditions That the Infant Don Henry the eldest sonne of Castile Accord betwixt the king of Castile and the Duke of Lancaster should marrie Catherine the daughter of the Duke of Lancaster and of his wife Donna Constance of Castile for whose dowrie the king D. Iohn shold assigne certaine places That the cittie of Guadalajara with the townes of Medina del campo and Olmedo should be giuen to the Dutchesse D. Constance to enioy the reuenues thereof during her life That the king should pay sixtie thousand pounds sterling to the Duke and to D. Constance his wife at certaine dayes and moreouer foure thousand pounds pension during their liues and the longer liuer of them In consideration whereof of the Duke of Lancaster and Donna Constance should renounce all rights actions and pretensions which they challenged to the Realmes of Castile Leon and their dependances and that the places taken in Gallicia should be restored This accord beeing thus concluded the Duke retired himselfe into the towne of Porto where he made his accord also with the King of Portugal to which treaties it seemes the Duke had bene forced by the plague which had consumed two third parts of his men The duke of Lancaster then hauing for the fruites of his voyage married his two daughters to two kings he returned into Guienne in the yeare 1387. not very well satisfied with the King of Portugal nor the king with him Of the marriage of Don Iohn king of Portugal and of D. Philippe there came this issue first they had a daughter called D. Blanche which dyed young in Lisbon Genealogie of Portugal then the Infant D. Alphonso borne in the yeare 1391. at S. Iren who liued not aboue two yeares their third child was Don Edward borne in the Towne of Viseo and succeeded in his fathers Realme Moreouer they had the Infant D. Pedro borne at Lisbon in the yeare 1392. he was Duke of Coimbra and Lord of Mont Major the old and of Amero then the Infant Don Henry of whome the Queene was deliuered at Porto he ws Duke of Viseo and Master of the Knights of Christus and it was he which first discouered the Ilands of Madera in the Ocean sea Of this marriage also came Donna Izabella borne at Ebora in the yeare 1397. who was Dutchesse of Bourgogne and Countesse of Flanders wife to Philip Duke of Bourgondie by her was built the Monasterie of Prolonga neere vnto Sintra of the Order of Saint Ierome They had besides these the Infant Don Iohn who was master of Saint Iames borne at Saint Iren in the yeare 1400. hee was Constable of Realme and beeing married with Donna Izabella daugther to Don Alphonso Duke of Bragance his bastard-brother he ws grandfafather by the mothers side to D. Izabella Queene proprietarie of Castile and Leon. And in the end the king Don Iohn and Donna Philippe his wife had the Infant Don Fernand borne in the yeare 1402. at Saint Iren who was Master of Auiz a zealous prince to the Christian Religion and full of charity Before that the king Don Iohn came vnto the Crowne being but Master of Auiz he had two bae children by a Geneltwoman called Donna Agnes that is Don Alphonso who married the daughter and heire of Don Nugno Aluares Periera Earle of Oren and Barcelles and Duke of Bragance called D. Beatrix and one daugther named also Donna Beatrix who was married to Thomas Earle of Arondel This is the issue of the King D. Iohn the first of Portugal who had yet a quarrell for the Realme with the King of Castile the poursuite whereof was deferred for a time for the king of Castile beeing to performe his promise to the Duke of Lancaster French succors fruitlesse for Castile and to pay him great summes of money he made choice at that time to send backe the French forces and not to suffer them to stay in his countrie giuing them part of their entertayment and good assurance for the rest Then hauing held an assembly of the Estates at Birbiesca by reason the plague was at Burgos he propounded the neede he had of money to pay the English Duke and therefore he attempted to impose a generall Tribute vppon the Clergie Nobility and third Estate without exception wherein he was croft beeing forced to seeke some other expedient From Birbiesca he came to Soria and then to Calaorra where he heard the French Ambassadors and sent others to Bayone to the Duke of Lancaster to confirme their accord and then it was concluded anew that from thence-foorth the Infant Don Henry should be called Prince of the Asturia's and his wife Princesse Title of Prince first giuen in Spaine to the Kings eldest sonne after the manner of England whereby the kings eldest son is called Prince of Wales and then began the custom to call the eldest of Castile Princes whom before they called Infants and it is an error to entitle them Princes of Castile or of Spaine for they are not called Princes for any other occasion but that they haue the Asturia's for their portion and intertaynment the which was made a principality first in this D. Henry and his wife D. Catherina to the patrimony of which principality Iaen Vbeda Bacça and Andujar haue beene since annexed It is an error also to thinke that this title of principalitie is giuen to the Asturia's of Ouiedo for that in that region ws the beginning of the recouerie of Spain for it proceeds not from any thing else but from this marriage betwixt Henry of Castile and Donna Catherina of Lancaster Before the king Don Iohn of Castile parted from Calaorra Charles the third king of Nauarre brother-in law to king Iohn came to visit him with the Queene Donna Leonora of Castile his wife This prince had succeeded king Charles the Bad his father D. Charles the 3. of that name and 31. of Nauarre in the yeare 1386. beeing dead at Pampelona of a Leprosie as the Spaniards say and the French Histories of a disease he got by his incontinencie whereof he languished long It is he of whom they write that the Phisitions hauing him in cure applying Aqua-vitae to restore him they set fire of it which tooke hold of the bed so as he was burnt and could not be releeued Others say that he was sowed vp in a sheet steeped in Aqua-vitae and that the Surgeon seeking to cut the threed holding a waxe light the sheet was suddenly
Nauarre by Scalado being two leagues from Logrogno the castle held out and cost many good mens liues on either side and beeing fortefied with new succors sent from the King of Nauarre they made furious and bloudy sallies vpon their enemies who held the towne but in the end they were so prest by the Bishop and the Earle of Ledesma as they did capitulate to yeeld if by a day prefixt they were not releeued by the King their Lord during the which there should be a cessation of armes and if there came any succors the beseeged should bee bound to aduertise the Bishop that hee might doe as hee pleased This accord being made the captaine of the place beseeged made a mine vnder ground by the which he drew into the castle a great number of souldiars which the King of Nauarre had sent him vpon the aduertisment of the capitulation The time beeing ready to expire the captaine aduertised the Bishop that the succors were arriued and at that instant he opened the mine in the midest of the place from whence issued great numbers of souldiars of Nauarre who beganne to charge the Castillans which caused a great confusion amongst them and did much trouble the Bishop yet beeing madde with this treachery they put themselues in defence and repulst the Nauarrois into the castle ditch hauing lost many good men of either side This hauing not succeeded so happely as the Nauarrois expected their victuals fayling them by little and little they abandoned the fort So La Garde both towne and castle remained in the King of Castiles power The Queene D. Leonora mother to the Princes of Arragon sorrowful for so many ruines being old and wholy giuen to deuotion lyuing at Medina del Campo Garde taken by the Castillans in her Monastery of St. Iohn de las Duegnas was not exempt from the discommodities of this war for the King of Castile suspecting that she fauored her children caused her to be shut vp in Santa Clara of Tordisillas Lâ—onora Queene of Arragon restrâ—ined by the King of Castile and put garrisons in her houses of Montalban Vruegna and Tyedra and would haue done as much at Castro Xeris and Saldagne but the Earle found meanes to exempt himselfe and yet the King was not very well pleased with him The court being in Astudillo there came an Ambassador from Iohn Earle of Foix father to Gaston who afterwards married Leonara the heire of Nauarre who bâ—sought the King of Castile that he would bee pleased that the Earle his master might imploy himselfe to make a peace betwixt him and the Kings of Nauar and Arragon to whom the King of Castile answered that he did thanke the Earle of Foix for his good will but there was no meanes of a peace On the other side the Earle of Armaignac an enemy to the King of Nauarre and the Earle of Foix hauing giuen all the hindrance hee could towards Gascony that no succors should passe out of France to the King of Nauarre for the which he had beene at great charge hee sent to intreat the King of Castile to reâ—bourse him to whom were paied ten thousand florins of gold This yeere D. Pedro of Velasco Generall vpon the frontier of Nauarre was created Earle of Haro The King being at Burgos had newes that the Infant D. Pedro ouerrunnning the country about Zamora had taken the castle of Alua de Lista and passing afterwards to Osma which was the Rendezvous for the army of Castile there came vnto him a Franciscan friar confessor to Donna Blanch Queene of Nauarre whom they called Archbishop of Tyre Peter of Perault chiefe Steward to the King of Nauarre and Ramir Deane of Tudelo councellor to the King Ambassadors for the King of Nauarre and for him of Arragon D. Dominike Bishop of Lerida D. Raymond of Perillos and William of Vigue Knights sent to treat and conclude a peace at what price soeuer The difficulties were ver great and they were forced to send backe some of the Ambassadors to the two brethren Kings and in the meane time the army marched but the reasons and propositions of the Ambassadors were in the end admitted and a truce was accorded at Majano for fiue yeeres both by sea and land betwixt the King of Castile and D. Henry his sonne Prince of Asturia's Truce betwixt the King of 〈◊〉 and the King of Arragon and Nauarre on the one part and D. Alphonso King of Arragon D. Iohn King of Nauarre D. Blanch his wife and D. Charles Prince of Viana their sonne on the other part into which truce there entred for the King of Castile the Earle of Armaignac and for the two Kings brethren the Earle of Foix. It was also agreed that D. Godfrey of Nauarre Earle of Cortes brother in law to King Iohn who had followed the party of Castile should not be troubled nor molested in the perception of his goods nor otherwise This Knight staied long in Castile and did the King good seruice in his warres against the Moores the like assurance was graunted in regard of the Infants D. Henry and D. Pedro and to iudge of the differences during the truce there were seuen persons named for Nauarre and Arragon and seuen for Castile whose seat should be at Tarassone and Agreda alernatiuely Thus ended the warre betwixt Castile Nauarre and Arragon to the great preiudice of the King of Nauarre for he was dispossest of all the lands he had in Castile and moreouer of the towne of Garde in Nauar. During these treaties D. Frederic Duke of Arjone died a prisoner at Pegnafiel whose Dutchy and Estates were giuen to D. Frederic of Arragon Death of the Duke of Arioâ—e Earle of Luna There were also restored vnto Queen Leonora her houses castles and she was set liberty and freed from the Monastery of Santa Clara of Tordesillas at the intreaty of the King of Portugal to whom the King of Castile sent the proceedings against her foure sonnes the King and Infants of Arragon and their offences to the end that she might see what reason he had to confiscate their lands The same yeere King Iohn of Castile was sollicited to make a league of friendship with the English but he excused himselfe touching the league beeing loath to doe any thing to the preiudice of the King and Realme of France an ancient friend and confederate to the crowne of Castile sending backe the Ambassadors with a discreet and friendly answere and soone after hauing sent D. Sancho of Rojas Bishop of Astorgo to the King of England hee concluded a truce betwixt Spaine and England for one yeere At the same time beeing sought vnto by the King of Granado to continue peace and friendship betwixt them the said Moorish King offring him all the force of Granado to serue him at his will he gaue him thankes for the offer and by an Ambassador which hee sent expresly to Granado to conclude some truce he descouered the Estate
himselfe finding the councell not plyable to his affections transferred it to Ferrara and from thence to Horence In this councell of Basill the Fathers beeing assembled they were spectaters of a combate betwixt a gentleman of a Portugal race but borne in Castile called Iohn de Merle and Henry of Rauestan a knight of Bourgondie who fought on foot and the Bourgondian was vanquished The same de Merle had a little before fought a combate on horsebacke with the like happinesse in the cittie of Arras against Peter of Brecemont Lord of Charny in the presence of D. Philip. King Edward hauing finished his fathers funerals and all solemnities oaths reception of fealtie and homage and other accustomed duties at the first comming of Kings hee assembled the Estates of his Realme at S. Iren An. 1434. in the yeare 1434. to consult concerning the gouernement thereof from thence there was an ambassador sent to the councell of Basill which was D. Diego Earle of Oren beeing accompanied with many learned men and Prelates of Portugal and then the warre against the Moores was propounded after the example of Kings his Predecessors It was also held conuenient to continue that which King Iohn had begun in Affricke for the execution whereof he obtained a Croisado from the apostolike Sea of Rome by the meanes of the Earle of Oren who brought the Bull into Portugall The King of Castile also sent many of his Prelates and Diuines to the Councell Castile during the which Don Alphonso Carillo Bishop of Siguença and Cardinall dyed whose Bishoppricke was giuen to his Nephew carrying the same name who in time came to be Archbishop of Toledo The ambassadors for the king of Castile at this councell were D. Aluaro of Osorno Bishop of Cuenca D. Iohn de Sylua Lord of Cyfuentes Standard-bearer to the king and Doctor Alphonso of Carthagena Deane of S. Iames and Segobia sonne to D. Pablo Bishop of Burgos which Bishoppricke Don Alphonso obtayned in his life time Controuersie betwixt England and Castile for precedencie he being preferred to be Patriarke of Aquilea There falling out a great question in the councell betwixt the ambassadors of England and Castile for the precedence this Doctor Don Alphonso of Carthagena did so well defend the preheminence of the crowne of Castile and gaue such pertinent reasons for the dignity and prerogatiue therof as the fathers gaue the precedence to the ambassador of Castile wherein the Doctor was held to haue done great seruice to his countrie of Spaine whereof he himselfe hath made a treatise notwithstanding Raphael Volaterran in his third booke and last chapter sayth That in the time of D. Fernand the 5. this cause was pleaded againe at Rome and ended in fauor of the king of England who had giuen sentence by prouision without any great examination of the cause Returning to the politicke affaires of Castile the King D. Iohn being aduertised that Don Fredrick of Arragon D. Frederick of Arragon Earle of Luna a prisoner in Castile Earle of Luna would haue seized vppon the citty of Seuile he caused him to be apprehended at Medina del campo and to be carried to the Castle of Braçuelos which is neere vnto Olmedo where he ended his dayes and many of his confederates were put to death who for that cause were brought to Medina del campo The warre begun in Granado continued with variable successe for after the taking of Benamaruel by Don Diego of Ribera Lord of Val de Corneja Gouernor of the fronter of Andalusia attempting the towne of Alora hee had beene slaine by the Inhabitants and them that defended it after whose death the King gaue the gouernement to D. Pedro Alfan his sonne a young man but fifteene yeares old Don Roderigo Manriques somwhat to ease this losse tooke the towne of Huescar by scalado and the castle afterwards by â—ight for the recouerie of which place there were enterprises and incounters betwixt the Christians and the Moores all that yeare 1434. in the which dyed D. Iohn of Contreras Arch-bishop of Toledo and Primat of Spaine and to him succeeded D. Iohn of Crezuela brother by the mothers side to the Constable D. Aluaro de Luna About that time the king of Castile gaue vnto the Earle of Armagnac who had alwaies shewed himself his great friend and partizan in the wars against Nauar the towns of Cangas and Tinco with the title of an Earle and there arriued at Madrid ambassadors from Charles the 7. the French king to renew the league betwixt France and Castile to whom the king gaue audience in great state and sitting on a high throne he gaue them a good and friendly answer who after much feasting were sent home well satisfied there they did see a tame lyon lying at the kings feet a thing which is not ordinarie The same yeare dyed D. Henry of Villena Death of Don Henry of Villena the kings vncle son to D. Pedro and nephew or grand-child to D. Alphonso of Arragon who had beene Marquis of Villena and first Constable of Castile a Prince abusing learning wherein he had beene bred giuing himselfe to infamous Magicke arts whereof he had written many treatises the which by the kings commandement and by the censure of Friar Lopes of Barientos then Schoole-master to D. Henry Prince of the Asturia's were for the most part burnt The king beeing in pilgrimage at Guadalupe Defeate of the Master of Alcantara by the Moores D. Guttiere of Soto maior the new Master of Alcantara being entred into the Moores countrie with 800. horse and 400. foot was surprized and compassed in by the Moors in a streight passage so as there hardly escaped an hundred of his whole troupe This crosse shold haue admonished him of the bad office he had done his vncle and the Infant D. Pedro the which although they would couer with a colour of the kings seruice yet was it a plotted treason D. Fernand Aluares of Toledo Lord of Val de Corneja had bin also in danger if he had not speedily retired from Huelma which hee sought to force hauing failed to take it by scalado for a great number of Moores marched to fight with him and hee had not sufficient forces to resist them Hauing retyred with his men to Taen he entred by Guadix scoured the country and was sharply incountred by the Moores who notwithstanding were vanquished D. Fernand Aluares spoiling two leagues round about Guadix The truce betwixt Castile Nauarre and Arragon beeing expired in the yeare 1435. there came ambassadors to the court of Castile Arragon from the Queenes of Arragon and Nauar to beseech the king for a propagation of the truce in the absence of their husbands which the king granted them for some moneths the which was the sooner obtained by their sending of D. Iohn de Luna the Constables cousin who gouerned the king his Master These two kings breethren were gone into Italy to poursue the realme of Naples where
pope Iulio the 2. against the French would seeke some reuenge against him he began to study by what means he might diuert him from Italy and if occasion were offred to expell him quite wherefore he drew the Suisses vnto him hee did sollicite the king of England to make war against the French and did what hee could to cause D. Ferdinand to declare himselfe their enemy but the Popes practises were then of small effect for England stirred not king Ferdinand seeing that the French king made no shew that hee meant to annoy the pope hee persisted in some sort in the league of Cambray saying that hee would according to the treatie made with the emperour assist him in the warre of Lombardie whither he sent foure hundred horse and two thousand Spanish foote vnder the command of the duke of Termini The pope fearing that the Venetians ruine would also cause that of the state of Rome and of the other potentates of Italy he sought to haue some pretext to quarrell with the French king hoping that if hee declared himselfe his enemie with any colour he should sway the league of Cambray much wherefore he tooke an occasion for that king Lewis fauored Alphonso of Este duke of Ferrara against whom hee had a quarrell punishing him with his spirituall and temporall armes and to gratifie king Ferdinand and to draw him to his deuotion hee confirmed vnto him the possession of the realme of Naples with the said conditions that the king of Arragon his predecessors had formerly held it the which hee had before refused and moreouer hee drew a promise from the king to aide him with three hundred men at armes if need were for the defence of the territories of the church King Ferdinand foreseeing and fearing the miseries that might ensue if the French king and the pope should grow to an open quarrell he did all good offices to reconcile them but hee could not for the pope was obstinately bent to oppresse the duke of Feâ—erra and the king held it dishonourable for him to abandon his allie whereupon king Lewis moued with a iust indignation began to treat a new league against pope Iulio with the emperour and other princes and potentates of Christendome persuading Maximilian as emperor to pursue the vniting of the lands held in Italie by the pope as belonging rightly vnto the empire and that the Germans and French ioyntly should demaund a generall Councell Councell propounded to reforme the pope for the reformation of the pope and clergie and to giue some forme thereunto for his part hee called an assembly of the prelates of France in manner of a Nationall Councell in the citie of Orleans to the end they should withdraw themselues from the popes obedience by a decree The prelates hauing transferred the assembly from Orleans to Towers they drew some articles to be presented vnto the pope in the name of the French church and in case hee did refuse them then to protest that they did not acknowledge him for their superiour appointing in that respect an other assembly within sixe moneths after Cardinall of S. Croix a Spaniard against the pope of the clergie of France To this enterprise the king had drawne some cardinalls namely D. Bernardin of Caruajal bishop of Siguensa cardinall of Saint Croix a Spaniard who had beene apostolike legat in the emperours court hoping to make king Ferdinand to yeeld vnto it for the respect hee bare vnto the emperour The pope besides the interest of the Venetians and of all Italy which did moue him being in heart an irreconcileable enemie to the French and to all them beyond the mountaines he desired nothing but troubles as appeared by his courses In the mean time king Ferdinand by reason of an army of Turkes which had beene discouered neere vnto Otranto was forced to call home his souldiers which he had sent into Lombardie in fauour of the league of Cambray which made the emperour and French king suspect that hee would ioyne with the pope whereupon they sent vnto him to know his intent whereunto king Ferdinand made a plaine answer without any ambiguitie that although by reason of the fee of Naples hee had furnished the pope with some horsemen yet hee meant not for all that to leaue the league of Cambray but would entertaine it more then before and therefore hee promised to send his souldiers backe into Lombardie but as for the other league which they treated of hee could not yeeld vnto it and much lesse that which concerned a generall councell Excuses made by king Ferdinand for not yeelding to a Councell for that sayd this catholike king it were a scandalous thing and would trouble all Christendome being most apparent that this councell was not propounded but to offend the pope whom both he and all Christian Princes did acknowledge to be Christs vicar in the church of God and that peace and vnion should bee the end of all holy councels wherefore hee excused himselfe from entring into any other league then that of Cambray exhorting them for the tranquilitie of the state of Christendome torne and dismembred with warre to hearken to some good agreement with the Pope Excuses made by king Ferdinand for not yeelding to a councell notwithstanding which answere the French king and the Emperour made a new League for the executing of the league of Cambray against the Venetians leauing libertie for the Pope to enter within fiue monethes and for the kings of Spaine and Hungarie within foure and if the Pope should refuse to enter into their league then they would call a generall Councell for the effecting whereof the Emperour should assemble the Prelates in Germany as the French king had done them in France Thus great miseries did threaten Italie through the obstinacy of Pope Iulio 20 Whilst that the Christian Princes of Europe treated of these things in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred and tenne 1510 the coast of Africke was much annoyed by the army of Spaine of the which the earle Pedro Nauarro was gouernour Bugia taken by Pedro Nauarro who tooke the citie of Bugia which had beene a great Vniuersity for the Moores the which strooke so great a terrour throughout all Africke as the towne of Algier and many places vpon that coast became tributaries to the crowne of Castille Algier tributary to Castille agreeing with Pedro Nauarro what annual rent they should paie and sending embassadors into Spaine who brought with them 50 Christian slaues and they landed at Valencia at such time as king Ferdinand hauing left the Infant D. Ferdinand his grand-childe with Cardinal Ximenes whom they called the Cardinall of Spain and the councel at Vailledolit he came into Arragon and called the estates of the realmes to Monson The earle Pedro Nauarro continuing his conquests hee woone Tripoli in Barbarie and soone after Tripoli in Barbari taken about the middest of August D. Garcia Aluares of Toledo
vtterly disalow propunding instead thereof an assembly of embassadors in the city of Mantoua to consult of a pacification By his care and diligence this assembly was made and there met at Mantoua for him the abouenamed embassadors for the empererour the bishop of Gurgensis and for the French king the bishop of Paris whose labour proued fruitlesse The time was come in regard of the league of Cambray to retyre king Ferdinands three hundred men at armes which had serued the Pope wherefore these horsemen being retained longer then was agreed they returned to Naples The Pope being obstinate and furious not caring for the Emperour and much lesse for the French king was forced to dislodge from Bolonia for feare of the French army which did approch which city either for that it was abandoned by them he left there or by intelligence with the Bentiuoly 15â—â— came into the power of king Lewis without any difficulty 〈…〉 and soone after there were bils set vp in the publike places at Mantoua and at Bolonia declaring that a generall councell was assigned in September that yeare 1511 to the which the Pope and his adherents being accused of many crimes were cited for the which the Pope being a cholerike and furious man thought to run mad calling those Cardinalls which were opposite vnto him wicked Sectaries vsurpers of the Soueraigne bishops authority to whom only said he it did belong to cal a councel inciting the Vniuersities and faculties of diuinitie who declared this act to be hereticall The Emperour had made offer as a fit place and fatall to disordred Popes of the citie of Constance Turin had also beene propounded but Pisa was held most conuenient The furye of this war was so great in Italie as king Ferdinand being iealous of his realm of Naples sent three thousand Spaniards to his viceroy D. Raymond of Cardonea vnder the command of Pedro Nauraro earle of Albeto stil doubting that king Lewis did gape after it notwithstanding the accords made in regard of the marriage of Queene Germaine and hee deferred his voyage of Africke Cardinals sauouring the councell of Pâ—sâ— attending the issue of these troubles and of the councell of Pisa the chiefe fauourers whereof were the Cardinalls of S. Croix a Spaniard Bayeux Saint Malo Albret brother to Iohn of Albret king of Nauarre Frenchmen they of Cosensa Saint Seuerin Italians but Pope Iulio for that he would not seeme to faile in his pastorall office pretending that the calling of a councell did belong to him and to disperse that of Pisa he did publish another at Saint Iohn de Latran in Rome the which wrought great effects in the hearts of princes and of religious people which did abhor schismes So as notwithstanding that the French king had sent 24 bishops to Pisa in the behalfe of the Clergie of France expecting that the emperour according to their accord should do the like for the Clergy of Germany yet whether retained by conscience or otherwise he neither sent bishops nor embassdors finding somtimes one euasion sometimes another 23 King Ferdinand being also sollicited by the Pope and as it is credible hauing good intelligence with him he made a publike declaration that seeing neither by intreaties nor persuasions he could not diuert the French king from his resolution to disquiet the Apostolike sea he tooke it into his protection and it is likely that the emperour Maximilian had beene also wonne by these two This declaration was made at Seuile whether soone after came letters from the councell of Pisa sommoning king Ferdinand to send his Prelates Warre betâ—iâ—â— France and Spaine and embassadors thither whereof hee made no accompt whereupon he parted from Seuile and came to Burgos from whence as the Spaniards say he sent to Iohn of Albret king of Nauarre to intâ—eat him him not to beleeue the councell of the Cardinal his brother not to adhere in any sort to that false Councell of Pisa. Yet the k. of Nauarre ioined with the French king was declared a schismatike which made king Ferdinand to inuade his realm as we wil shew And being now come to open war king Ferdinand sent the whole army which he had prepared for Africk to Naples whereof he made D. Alfonso of Caruajal son to D. Diego of Caruajal Lord of Xodar general and one called Camudio Colonell of the foot In this army were 3000 foot and some 1100 horse whereof 600 were light horse During his abode at Burgos he had news that Pope Iulio was fallen daÌ„gerously sicke so as there was neither hope of life nor recouery the which held many Potentates in suspence fearing some great alteration but he recouered From Burgos he sent embassadors to Henry king of EnglaÌ„d his son in law to moue him to make war against the French king vpon his old pretensions against whom his Councel of Pisa there was a league made which had bin breeding betwixt the king D. Ferdinand the Pope the Venetians since the beginning of these quarrels vnder colour to defend the rights of the Apostolike sea to disperse the schismatical heretical councel of Pisa for the recoueries of the cities of Bolonia Ferrara the restoring of them to the church King Ferdinand did offer for this war 12 hundred men at armes one thousand light horse 10000 Spanish foot League betwixt king Ferdinand the Pope and the Venetians the Seigniory of Venice eight hundred men at armes one thousand horse and 8000 foot the Pope 400 men at armes fiue hundred light horse 6000 foot Moreouer 12 galleys for the king D. Ferdinand 14 for the Venetians making D. Raymond of Cardone viceroie of Naples generall of this warre for the entertainment of which army the Pope should furnish twenty thousand ducats a month and the Venetians as much and fourty thousand presently 1511 and this league was published at Rome in the church of Sancta Maria del populo in Octob this yeare one thousand fiue hundred and 11 into the which the king of England should be admitted if he would After which they did admonish proceed against the Cardinalls which disobeyed the Pope with the accustomed ceremonies solemnities and delaies to bring theÌ„ into the bosom of the holy mother church that is to say to the Councell assigned by the Pope at Saint Iohn de Latran which if they disobeyed they should be depriued of their dignities and liuings and punished as schismatitkes and heretikes which act was celebrated by the Pope in his pontificall habit and in a consistorie of seuen partiall Cardinals Those of the contrarie faction notwithstanding all this began to hold the councell of Pisa whereas the Florentines would not suffer 3 hundred Frenchmen at armes to enter which the Fathers and Prelates demanded for their gard being led by Gaston of Foix the kings nephew and duke of Nemours fearing least they should sease vpon that city for the French king The fathers comming to
by his soldiers to keep the field with the Germanes hauing the Caualarie of Naples and the Popes with 4500 Spaniards hauing sent one thousand Spaniards to assist the duke of Milan The viceroy hauing with these forces sackt Bouoelta Cruell warre of the Spaniards against the Venetians past the Brent and marcht vnto the sea burning townes and villages and all the houses of the gentlemen of Venice which were in that countrie and the more to afflict braue them he caused ten peeces of his greatest ordnance to be mounted at a place called Marguera and shot against the city of Venice whereof the bullets fel at S. Seconds church with trouble and amazement to all the inhabitants and the more for that night comming it did represent vnto them more plainely the great fiers and ruines of their houses of pleasure in the countrey the which they held to be the greatest indignitie that euer the common wealth of Venice receiued which thinking to reuenge they encreased their disgrace for Aluiano hauing assured the Senat that the enemies armie laden with spoiles in those moorish places and trenches of riuers would find such difficulties in their retreat as it would bee easie to put them to rout and therefore had gotten leaue to draw their forces to field after that hee had coasted the enemies seeking to stoppe their passage at the riuer of Brenta being himselfe deceiued and surprised as hee thought to stop their passage going to Verona whether they marcht onely with an intent to retyre hee was fought with all and vanquished about Vincence Venetians defeated by the Spaniards hauing lost aboue fiue thousand Venetians and many Captaines slaine vpon the place with their Pouididor Andrew Lauredan who was slain by the contention of two souldiers whose prisoner hee should be besides many captaines and gentlemen of Venice that were prisoners which rout did much trouble the affaires of that state What succeeded afterwards in that warre I leaue to other Histories whome it concernes more particularly King Ferdinand being much impayred by his languishing infirmitie growen by reason of the potion which had beene giuen him attended as well as hee could the gouernment of his realmes but hee had a good Councell and faithfull ministers so as his affaires both of state and iustice were nothing impayred neither were they in any sort peruerted Forts built in Afrike This yeare there was a fort built at Oran and another at a place called Pegnon or the rocke of Alger in Afrike whereas the crowne of Castille held Melille Casaâ—a Oran Masalquiuer Tripoli and Bugie and the two rockes or Pegnons of Alger and of Velez besides the Princes and townes that were Tributarie vnto it And so ended that yeare 2513. 8 In the yeare one thousand fiue hundred and foureteene 1514 Vasco Nugnes of Balboa hauing staied a good space in the countrie of the Cachico Tumanama discouering the mines and treasures of that region Behauiour of Vasco Nugnes of Balboa at the Indies he parted from thence leading one of that princes sons with him to be instructed in the Romish religion and came into the country of D. Charles Panquiaco who receiued Balboa being sicke verie courteously with all his companions giuing theÌ„ al the ease commodities he could and when they would depart he presented them with 20 pounds of gold Being thus satisfied of him they retyred to their fort of the Antique of Darien the which they found much better peopled than they had left it for vpon the brute of the great riches that were on the firme land many were come from Hispaniola the citie of S. Domingo to inhabit there It is thought that Balboa brought beside the contentment he had to haue discouered the south sea the value of aboue 100000 Castillans in gold Booty taken at the Indies besides perles and other precious jewels in great aboundance hauing made a long and dangerous voyage gone through many barbarous natioÌ„s enemies by desart and vnknown places Trauels endured with great patience and happines by the Spaniards hauing not only to incounter men but Tygres and Lyons hunger and thirst thick woods craggy mountaines and yet neuer was put to rout neuer lost a man nor himselfe wounded in any sort Of al their spoiles they laied to the value of 20000 ducats for the kings right and then they diuided the rest among them euerie one receiuing according to his place yea their mastiues had pay aswel as the men for it is reported that a dog belonging vnto Vasco Nugnes Mastiues receiued pay and a part of the spoile among the Spaniards called Leoncillo had for his part 500 Castillans receiuing a greater pay than a harquebusier After that Vasco Nugnes had ordered some things in the fort of Darien he sent a friend of his called Arbolancha born at Bilbao into Spain to carry news vnto king Ferdinand of his voyages and discoueries and the fift penny of what they had gotten At that time the French king did sollicit both k. Ferdinand and the emperor Maximilian to conclude the marriage betwixt D. Ferdinand brother to prince Charles of Austria and the lady Renee the French kings second daughter for whose dowrie hee would quit his pretensions to the duchie of Milan but hauing made a peace with the king of England by a marriage contracted betwixt him Marie that kings sister he changed his opinion Designes of Pope Leo to put strangers out of Italy and gaue ouer that treatie for Renee and Ferdinand The Pope hauing diuers designes to free Italie of strangers hauing no desire to see the French king lord of Milan yet he entertained him with this hope to make vse of him and his meanes to get the realme of Naples from k. Ferdinand to settle his brother Iulian of Medicis king there therof he had already had some practise with the VenetiaÌ„s Pope seekes to get the realme of Naples To fauor the Popes designes being profitable for the common-weale of Venice Andrew Gritti was appointed by the Senat to be generall of an army to inuade the banks of Apulia 1514 thinking by that meanes to diuert the Spanish army out of Lombardie that they should haue none but the Germanes to incounter Hereupon Bartholmew of Aluiano hauing surprised certain Spaniards he caused them to be hanged at Padoua saying that they had been suborned by their coÌ„manders to kill him in treason the which put the viceroy of Naples into such a rage as he made a miserable spoile of the country about Padoua hauing chased Bernardin Antinola nephew to Aluiano he shut him into Citadelle which place being battered was taken partly by a breach and partly by scalado Bernardin of Antinola his men were carried away prisoners and the place sackt To recompence this losse Aluiano defeated some troups of light horse nere to Este the army which besieged Creme being hardly retained for want of pay was forced to retire
that yeare 1524 the computation of the yeare beginning at our Lady day was that memorable battaile of Pauia where the French were defeated and king Francis taken prisoner by the imperials whereof the chiefe were Cont Charles of Launoy viceroy of Naples Ferdinand d'Aualos Marquesse of Pescaire and Charles duke of Bourbon who forsome discontentment had left France and followed the emperours party What were the causes of this great ouerthrow and what succeeded after ye may read at large in the History of France whereunto I referre the Reader to auoid needlesse repetitions The emperor was aduertised of this defeat and prision the tenth of March the news were pleasing vnto him as wee may coniecture yet he shewed himself verie modest shewing no tokens of pride for this great successe Worthy Councel of the bishop of Osma There were two opinions debated in his councel the bishop of Osma was author of the one to suffer this great prisoner to depart freely to bind him vnto him by a frank and brotherly deliuerance the other was to keep him still and to draw from him all the profit and aduantages that might be This last aduice proceeded from D. Frederic of Toledo duke of Alua was followed by the emperor wherefore there were certaine articles drawn and sent with al speed vnto the king by the lord of Reux who reiected them as vnreasonable Hereupon the Viceroy of Naples persuaded the king not to take it in ill part if he were led into Spain 1525 to treat himself with the emperour touching his libertie assuring him that he desired it shewing him letters from his friends in court But his intention was in the meane time to led him to the castle of Naples and there to attend the opportunitie of a passage for they were not strong enough at sea for the French who had Andrew Dorias Galleys at their deuotion Neither did hee much trust his armie at land which wanting pay hee feared would mutine Besides he was iealous of the Pope Venetians and other Potentates of Italie who were discontented at the prosperitie of the emperour his maister wherefore being thus resolued he conducted the king to Genoa and from thence to Porto Fino whereas the marshall of Montmorency comming vnto him with sixe French galleys Passage of king Francis being Prisoner into Spaine without any souldiers by the commandement of the Queene Regent the kings mother he changed his aduice hauing furnished those galleys with Spanish souldiers and ioyning them to those which he had thinking that he might easily passe whilest that the French expected his going to Naples he suddenly bent his course for Spain laÌ„ded the prisoner at Barcelona before that it was known or that he had aduertised the emperor and from thence hee conducted him to Valencia But passing by Tortosa the king was in great danger among the mutyned Spaniards who pursued the Viceroy tumultuosly for their pay forcing him with their shot to escape ouer the top of his lodging the bullets flying nere vnto the kings person The emperor hearing of his arriual coÌ„manded he shold be put into the castle of Xatiua a place ordained in old time to be a prison for great men but the viceroy obtained that he might liue in certain houses of pleasure about Valencia vntil that he had commandement to conduct him to Madrid The emperor was resolued not to see him before thee had concluded for his liberty for the treating whereof besides the archbishop of Ambrun who was afterwards Cardinal of Tournon and Selua the first President of Paris he gaue a safe coÌ„duct to Marguerite of France duches of Alanson who arriued at Barcelona in September passing from thence by Saragosse shee came to Madrid whether she found the emperor was come to visit the king who had bin brought almost to deaths doore with a violent feuer This had a shew of charity to comfort him giuing hope that he should be soone set at liberty but it was rather a curiosity that he might visibly see in what estate he was fearing to lose the fruits of his prize if he should die It is said that being in consultation whether hee should see him or not hee was dissuaded by his Chauncellour who told him that if he saw him 1526 and did not set him freely at libertie the world would thinke that hee had been brought thither by couetousnesse Gouernours counsell thrust on with a mercinarie charitie and a seruile feare to loose by the prisoners death the price of his ransome a noble aduice and worthie to be obserued But the duchesse of Alansons presence was the best remedie to recouer the king where she remained almost three moneths what she effected and vpon what tearmes the king was deliuered you may read in its proper historie 23 These things past in the yeare 1526 Mariage of the Emperor Charls in the which the Emperour Charles maried D. Isabella of Portugal daughter to the king D. Manuel D. Alphonso Fonseca Archbishop of Toledo and primat of Spaine with D. Ferdinand of Arragon duke of Calabria were sent to receiue this princesse who conducted her with great state to Seuile where the mariage was celebrated Of this mariage was borne the one and twentieth day of May 1527 in the yeare 1527 D. Philip who succeeded in all the realmes lands and seigniories of the Emperour as well hereditarie as conquered A memorable yeare for that by the Emperours armie consisting for the most part of Spaniards whereof Charles duke of Bourbon was generall Rome taken sackt the citie of Rome was taken and sackt and Pope Clement with many cardinals ransomed and hardly intreated the greedie and insolent souldiers not sparing the cardinals of their owne nation prophaning by all acts of crueltie and excesse in their disordered appetites the places and persons dedicated and vowed to religion notwithstanding that the prince for whom they made warre heire of the realms of Spaine carried the title of Catholike purchased by his predecessors for the good offices they had done to Popes and to the sea of Rome The same yeare king Francis being râ—turned into his realme Mariage of king Henry of Albreâ— he caused the mariage to be accomplished betwixt D. Henrie of Albret and Marguerite of France widow to the duke of Alanson father and mother to queene Ioane heire to the realme of Nauarre King Francis being come from his imprisonment discontented he entred willingly into league with the Pope League against the Emperor the king of England the Venetians and Florentines for the libertie of Italie 〈◊〉 when as he vnderstood the cruelties vsed by the Imperiall armie at Rome he allied himselfe more strictly with the king of England vnder colour to free the Pope and the territories of the Church whereupon the lord of Lautrec was appointed to lead an armie into Italie at their common charge The Emperour being aduertised that king Francis not onely refused to
of Spain in the which there is painted a bishop on horseback holding in one hand a crosse in the other a sword vnder which the kings and catholike princes of Spain fighting against the Moores haue obtained many victories By the constancy of the kings of Spaine especially of them of Castille who haue neuer varied in religion since king Ricaredo aboue mentioned they haue had the honor to root the Moores out of Spaine to clense the countrie of those blaspheming Iewes In acknowledgement of which graces they haue alwaies freely giuen the first fruits of the conquests and glorious victories which they haue obtained against Infidels to Popes and churches building more goodly abbies Cathedrall churches Monasteries and Colledges than any countrie in the world and giuing them large indowments wherof that of Toledo is a strange prâ—sident Church of Toledo rich for the archbishop hath aboue 300000 ducats of yearely rent besides that which concerns the church chapter the rich dignities Prebends the reuenues of which archbishoprick exceed the ordinarie of many kings In Spain the Ieronimitans haue had their beginning with the order de la merced of the redemption of captiues many other orders of holy knights which haue been a terror to the Moores and Infidels But aboue al Iesuits first bred in Spainâ— the Iesuits are a worthie brood of Spaine couragious defenders aduaÌ„cers of the Catholik Apostolike and Romish religion cherished by the kings of Spaine in fauor of the holy Sea and continually entertained by them sent into all the parts of the world to make war with their spiritual armes whilest that they did valiantly with their materiall aâ—mes fight against infidels Name of Catholike root out heretiks for which good offices they do rightly carry the name of Catholike the which is much more excellent than that of most ChristiaÌ„ which the French kings vse for sectaries they that are straied from the church dare boldly cal themselues Christians but not Catholiks the which were absurd for that this appellation is not proper but to those that are of the true familie of Iesus Christ euer distinguished by this name of Catholik receiuing no other superlatiue note and therfore of greater dignity the which hath been confirmed in the house of Castille Leon since the king D. Alfonso the first who raigned in the yere of our Lord 737 for a marke of their piety merits By the which they are both by law and priuiledge from the Pope worthily aduanced to the first seats among Christian kings and therefore to be preferred before them of France in all assemblies both spirituall and temporall Against these reasons the French and their partisans mainteined that the French king shold haue the precedency not only for that they had been long in possession but also by right hauing wel deserued it and for many reasons answering those which the Spaniards had obiected Preiuâ—â—ice done to the kings of France by the Councell The embassadors of FraÌ„ce complained much that the fathers of the Councel had done wroÌ„g vnto their king in admitting of this action althogh they had surceased and would noe decide it the which they should haue reiected hauing also allowed them of Spaine to sit alone our of ranke by way of prouision vntill that the Pope and the Consistorie of Rome had determined calling thereby in question the precedence of the kings of France ouer all other Christian kings the which had beene so many yeares practised confirmed by the Iudgement of Popes and the testimony of the most famous Lawyers and ancient writers For Saint Gregory the Pope saith that the king of France doth as much exceed al other kings as a Royaltie doth a priuat man Pope Stephen the third saith that the French nation shines aboue all others Testimonies of the preheminences of the kings of France Baldâ—s doth mainteine that the kings of France carrie the crown of liberty glory aboue all other kings That they are as the day star in the middest of a cloud coÌ„ming from the South which cannot be darkned That the banners of France march first ouer the which no other king can pretend any aduaÌ„tage of honor Boniface of Vitalianis an Italian Auditor de Rota Suidas a Greek author many others haue left in writing that wheÌ„ they named a king simply it was ment by him of fraÌ„ce Besides the ranks of Christian kings is seen in the Registers of the court of Rome and in those which they cal prouincials in all the Cathedral churches in which the king of FraÌ„ce precedes they of England Spain are set after That it was vnworthy after these holie learned iudgements to bring it again in questioÌ„ they held it for an insupportable iniurie to the kings of France who in effect are not subiect to the Popes iudgement nor to any other iurisdiction in this matter not in any thing that coÌ„cerns the rights preheminences prerogatiues of their crown which they were to maintain by the means which God had giuen them whereupon they made a sharpe inuectiue in open Councel against the Pope by reason of some former opinions he had declared at Rome yea they did taxe him bitterly for that he did chalenge vnto himself all power aboue the Councel suffering nothing to be determined but what had bin allowed by him at Rome That he shewed himselfe too vnthankful vniust to France and to her kings who had alwaies bin benefactors to the holy Sea seeking to put them from their lawful rank and cruel to all Christian people in that he reiected the iust demands of all Catholike princes which was a necessarie reformation of the maners of the Clergie of that which was corrupted in the discipline of the Church especially of the abuses of the court of Rome That instead of bread of health he gaue Scorpions sowing discord betwixt the kings of France and Spaine vnder colour of these importune precedencies tending to cause a pernitious warre in Christendome wherefore they said that reseruing the reuerence that was due to the holy Sea of Rome wherein France and her king meant to continue they could not acknowledge Pius 4 for a common Father nor true Pope but for an vnlawfull vsurper of that dignitie they protested nullity of the acts and decrees of the Councell which were but repetitions of that which Pius had set down declaring that they had coÌ„mandement from the king their master to retire with all the Prelates of France least by their presence they should seeme to allow of his attempts against the dignities of the kings of France the priuiledges of their crowne and the liberties of the French Church The Partisans of the French nation both at Rome and at Trent discoursed at large both by word writing People an incorruptible Iudge seeking to satisfie the curious multitud which it may be is the most incorrupted iudge in such
were D. Michel de Moncado D. Bernardin de Cardines and Salazar Captaine of the Citadell of Palermo in the middest were D. Francis Zapate and Lewis Carrillo and in the poupe D. Iohn with the great Commaunder of Castille the Earle of Plego D. Lewis de Cordoua Roderigo de Benauides D. Iohn de Guzman D. Philip de Heredia Ruy Dias de Mendosa and others In Aly Bassas galley were foure hundred Ianisaries shot and some Archers tryed men who fought verie valiantly against D. Iohns Spaniards who entred twice into the Turkes Admirall and were valiantly repulst by them Aly being succoured by diuers others gallies which were about him but such was the resolution of the Christians as they became masters thereof Marc Antonio Colonna arriuing in whose galley was the Commander Romeias who wanted neither iudgement nor courage Aly Bassa was slaine and in a maner all that were in his galley his head was cut from his bodie and presented vnto D. Iohn who caused it to bee set vpon the end of a pike for a spectacle to encourage the Christians to pursue the victorie and to daunt the Turkes who began then to faint Iohn Andrew Doria was also Victor on his part but some said that hee might haue done better if hee had list for hee suffered Vluccialy to escape In these actions there is no man troubled but such as are in them the rest speake at pleasure The most furious combat was in the left wing of the armie whereas the Proueditor Barbarigo commaunded who left scarce any one of the enemies gallies but was broken sunk or taken This wise and valiant Captaine was shot into the eye with an arrow whereof hee dyed Portau Bassa fled away in a boat seeing Aly slaine and the battell lost Caracossa Gouernour of Valona a famous Pyrat was slaine by Honorat Gaietan Captaine of one of the Popes Gallies The valour of Martin de Padille was great who with his onely galley tooke three of the enemies It was an horrible spectacle to see the Sea dyed with bloud full of dead Carkasses and peeces of gallies Many sought to runne themselues on gronnd but they were preuented by the Venetian gallies many Turkes cast themselues into the Sea thinking to saue their liues by swimming but they fainted and perished before they got to land It was the greatest victorie that had beene at Sea in many ages Number of the dead The battell continued eighteene houres wherein they spent some part of the night there died about fiue and twentie thousand Turkes and almost all the Commaunders others write that there were fifteene thousand Turkes slaine and seuen thousand Christian and some write thirteene thousand There were taken and carried away one hundred and seuenteene gallies and thirteene Galleots and many were sunke the number whereof was vnknowne there were some thirtie and nine gallies galleots and foists which escaped and came to Lepanto which relikes Vluccialy had charge to conduct to Constantinople yet they were so ill handled as hee was faine to leaue sixe of them behind They tooke one hundred and seuenteene Canons and two hundred fiftie and eight small peeces of Ordnance some number three thousand eight hundred fortie and sixe prisoners and some 5000 among which were the two Sons of Aly Bassa Sirocco gouernor of Negropont was taken but he was so wounded as he died soone after his wife who was exceeding faire was also taken prisoner There were 15000 Christian slaues set at libertie The Christians besides priuat men lost 14 Captaines of gallies and sixty knights of Malta and aboue eight thousand that were hurt of men of name there were slaine Augustin Barbarigo the Prouiditor with fifteene other gentlemen of Venice D. Bernardin de Cardine a Spaniard Horatio and Virginio Vrsini with diuers others and of wounded D. Iohn himselfe the Generall Veniero Paul Iourdain Vrsini the earle of Sancta Fiora Troilo Saâ—elli and Thomas de Medicis They found in Alys galley two and twentie thousand peeces of gold called Soldamini and in that of Caracossa forty thousand The whole prey was diuided at Port Caligiero some write at Corfu to euerie one of the confederates according to the rate the king of Spaine had of six parts three the state of Venice two and the Pope one and all the captaines and souldiers were commended and rewarded for their good seruice After which D. Iohn Marc Antonio Colonna and D. Iohn Andrew Doria retyred to Messina whereas they found that the Marquesse of Pescara the Viceroy was newly dead hauing frequented women too much Marc Antonio Colonna went to Rome the great Commaunder of Castille with him to treat with the Pope touching the next yeres seruice for the league and to goe to his gouernment of the duchie of Milan which the king had giuen him after the death of the duke of Albuquerque This victorie was wonne the seuenth of October 1571 without any further poursuit for the opinions of the commanders depending of sundrie masters were diuers and also for that the season of the yeare was too farre spent The duke of Alba being incensed against the Queene of England Duke of Alba sends to treat with the queene of England for that she had staied his money and as hee thought fauoured the Rebels of the Netherlands vnder hand he studied how to crosse her and to cause some troubles in her Countrie and to giue the better forme to that which had been begun by his practises hee sent Chiapin Vitelli vnder colour to treat with her of the composition of reprisals and restitution of that which had beene taken from king Philips subiects but hee gaue him secret instructions against that state if hee might conueniently effect them There was no meanes to come to any accompt for the spoiles which were taken by the English from any of the king of Spaines subiects or adherents for that they were either wasted by priuat men or else the truth could not be verified Wherefore Vitelli was sent backe with good words and could doe nothing in that respect And as for the enterprises whereof hee had charge to conferre with certaine Noble men discontented with the present gouernment hee could not worke any thing for during his aboad in England hee was carefully obserued yet the Pope had his Spies and Negotiators in the countrie and did solicite king Philip to help to depriue the queen both of her crowne and life and that the Roman Catholikes and such as vnder that pretext desired innouations might be the Masters To effect this they had need both of men and money but especially of a stranger to bee their leader such a one as the duke of Alba whome they held to be fitter than any other The king whither through importunitie or willingly being full of other affaires yeelded and it happened that Chiapin Vitelli after his returne from England comming into Spaine to craue leaue of the king for that he was called into Italie by some princes vnto whome
act for the which there were great feasts of ioy made at Fez Marroc Tarudant and other townes Whilest that Mahomet begged succors of the King of Portugal by his Deputies Mahomet Xeriffe craues aide from Portugal hee liued at Ceuta a fort belonging vnto Portugal beeing in Afrike the Gouernor whereof beeing aduertised of his Masters disposition did him honour attending an answere the which he had soone and according to his desire But the King D. Sebastian beeing aduertised by some that were about him that hee might finde himselfe too weake for so great an enterprise hee tooke counsell to sollicit King Philip his vncle to bee of the partie and to the end they might negotiat such an action with more efficacy hee sent Peter d' Alcassoua a fauorite of his to craue an enterview at Guadalupe vpon the confines of the realmes of Castile and Portugal who returned with a good answere whereas these two Kings met to their great contents King Philip diswads D. Sebastian from the voiage of Afrike namely of Don Philip there was some treaty of a future marriage betwixt Don Sebastian and one of the daughters of Castile but comming to confer of the warre of Afrike which was the chiefe subiect of their meeting King Philip diswaded him from it as well for that he had a peceable treaty with Muley Moluc as also for that he saw such a war had need of a more experienced commander then D. Sebastian was better soldiers then the Portugals of those times for since the time of King Emanuel that nation had not done any thing memorable in warre at the least in Europe or the countries confyning vpon Europe yet hauing well defended their forts at the East Indies The conclusion was that King Phillip aduised him not to meddle in the quarrels of those Princes Moores but whatsoeuer hee did not to goe in person to those warres Being importuned by D. Sebastian to contribute men and shipping to this enterprise hee excused himselfe vpon the great affaires he had in the Low countries and the iealousie he had continually of the French but especially of the Turke who threatned Sicile and Italy and had already taken Goulette and Tunes being ignorant what this new Sultan might practise against him yet being intreated and coniured by D. Sebastian not to abandon him in his first enterprise he would not leaue him discontented but promised in case the Turke did not arme against him to furnish him with fifty Gallies and fiue thousand souldiars so as he for his part should entertaine tenne thousand and aduising him what warre soeuer he made in Afrike Aduice of king Philip to D. Sebastian not to abandon the sea shore and that he should attempt the recouery of Alarache and so proceed by degrees along the Ocean and then they parted King Philips aduise was very good and the Portugals haue not yet any cause to complaine After that he had heard his Nephew speake and discouered his heat and obstinacy he fell to discourse of the inconueniences that might fall vpon him and began to thinke of his affaires as if the royall line of Portugall failed and to seeke out what pretensions he might haue were they cleere or doubtfull and from that time he resolued that if Don Sebastian should chance to die in this warre not to suffer any other to seize vpon the Realme The young King of Portugal being returned to Lisbone full of hope and ioy he still pressed King Philip to grant him a free promise of his succors without that reseruation if the Turke should send an army against him the which he granted and therevpon he thought it was but a leape to passe into Afrike with great troupes which hee imagined to haue ready D. Sebastian vnfurnished of all things for the warre but when they came to examine euery thing in particular they neither found men money shipping nor horses of seruice nor any thing that might serue to good vse so as to prouide all these things which giue motion vnto armies they were forced to spend all the yeere 1577. And without doubt if D. Sebastian had had his men and prouisions ready as it was concluded King Philip would haue furnished the gallies and men which he had promised D. Sebastian beganne then to tast the difficulties which are found in making warre especially for Estates which haue enioyed a long peace and whereas both Nobility and people haue neglected armes the which is an inexcusable fault in them that gouerne common-weals who should know that it is one of the maine pillers of an Estate especially in this age full of iniustice Seeing then that Portugal at that time had neither captaines souldiers treasure victuals armes nor horses which are the essentiall parts to make a warre into the which D. Sebastian would enter he was forced to prouide all these things extraordinarily and in hast seeing that in time of peace they had not thought of it Hee was therefore forced to write into Italy and Flanders for some Regiments of old souldiars the Prince of Orange who was then in armes against the Prince of Parma Lieutenant to King Philip sent three thousand Lansquenets into Portugall vnder the command of Martin of Burgongne Lord of Tamberg And it happened that the King of Spaine being perswaded by Pope Gregory the thirteenth to succor the rebels of Ireland against the Queene of England there was a leauy of Italians made in the territories of the Church the action went in the Popes name but the King bare the charge sixe hundred of these vnder the command of a Licentious English man called Thomas Stukeley who not long before had gotten from the Pope the title of Marquis of Ireland being shipped at Ciuita-uecha came into the riuer of Lisbone when they were preparing for this warre of Afrike The King being desirous to see them staied them and intreated them to goe with him to this war He was forced to seeke money by meanes that were vnpleasing to the whole realme The king tooke the portions of Widowes Orfans he made forced borrowings of the Clergy Nobility townes and commonalties he laied an imposition vpon salt he made the new Christians as they call them to buy the exemption of the confiscation of their goods in case they should fall into the Inquisition and hee vsed other exactions which made all men complaine He staied marchants ships He enioyned some of the Nobility to mount themselues like men at armes and many gentlemen to march with the foote beeing so aduised to better his new leauied Portugal footmen of the which hee made foure regiments In these preparations he spent the time vntill Sommer being in the yeere 1578. And when as he thought to take shipping hoping that King Philip would haue sent him the gallies and men which he had promised he found himselfe deceiued for that the Castillan hauing changed his minde excused himselfe vpon new accidents which had happened that yeere which would
the whole house of Austria and therefore he cocluded the marriage but it was consumated the yeare following This yeare the king would haue his sonne sworne Prince of Spaine the which was done with great sollemnitie in S. Hieromes church in Madrid the twelfth day of Nouember there beeing present the King his sister Mary wife to the Emperour Maximilian the Prince and the two Infanta's where the Cardinall of Toledo began to sing a sollemne Masse there assisting the Cardinal Granuella with the Bishops of Placencia Salamanca Zamorra Auila Segoâ—ia Coria Siguença and Osma Granuello presented the Euangell and the Paxe vnto the king the like did the Bishop of Placencia to the Infants Masse beeing ended the Prince was conducted by Cardinall Granuello neere vnto the altar and there he receyued from Toledo the oth of confirmation and then was returned backe vnto his place Then did a King at armes rise from his seate and going to the left side of the altar where as Princes Ambassadours and the Noblemen of the Realme did sit crying out with a loud voyce That the Prince Don Philip was to be sworne but after him there followed one of the Kings Councell deliuering in particular the forme of that oth and how the Empresse Mary shold sweare with the two Infanta's the Princes sisters but presently the Emperours Ambassadour made it knowne that that Empresse was to take the oath as Infanta of Spaine and not as Queene of Romanes The first were the King and his sister who performed that ceremonie vppon the Masse booke and the Crosse which were presented vnto them but when as the Empresse wold haue kist her Nephewes hand according to the custome hee would not for modestie sake suffer her and so shee was constrained to kisse his fore-head After the Empresse followed the Infanta's and then the Bishops the Admirall of Castile the Marquis of Villena the Duke of Pastrana the Marquis of Denia the Prince of Ascoly and so all the Grande's and chiefe Noblemen of the Court the Marquis of Aguilar and the Cardinal of Toledo swearing last of all The ioy of this ceremonie was augmented by the arriuall of three Ambassadors Ambassadors come from Iapâ—n into Spaine which had beene sent two yeares before from three Kings of Iapon of Bugno Fiunga and Arima to the Pope by the perswasion of the Iesuits who desired that those Princes seeing the noble and politicke gouernement of these countries and the greatnes of the greatnesse of the Pope of Rome might be edified and freed of a certaine opinion which they had conceyued that Christians came into their countries to get meanes to liue They came into Spaine beeing accompanied by father Alexander Valignari Visitor in those parts at such time as the Court was full of feasts and ioy for the prosperous successe of Portugal for the conclusion of the Infanta's mariage and for the swearing of the prince so as they were not onely receiued by the Catholike king and the whole Court with greate pompe and state but with extraordinarie content The King at their reception would not suffer them to kisse his hand but embraced them as his equals and to do them the more fauour would haue both the Infanta's to do the like hee made them see all his delights and rarest things and at the Princes ceremonie he commanded they should be set at his right hand in the first place whereas two men appointed for that seruice instructed them in the order of the ceremonie naming euery Nobleman and what place hee held as they went to sweare obedience to the Prince The king hauing royally intreated them and honored them all that might be being to go for Italy gaue them a Caroch and a Coach commanding that throughout all his realmes they should be receiued with all magnificence causing a shippe to be prepared for them in Alicante where they imbarked but they were driuen by foule weather into Maiorca yet in the end they arriued in Tuscany Antwerpe one of the chiefe townes in the Low-countries was this Somer so streightly beseeged by the Duke of Parma with the forces of Spaine as hauing no releefe neither by sea nor land they were driuen to extreame want and almost to despaire whereupon they prest their Confederates to succour them but the Estates not able to rayse so great an armie sent a sollemne ambassage of twelue of their Deputies to the French king to intreat him to take the Netherlands into his protection as his owne subiects and vassals the which did much trouble the Councell of Spaine seeing that the French king might with small difficultie get the possession of those countries hauing the subiects hearts inclined vnto him whereupon they sought by letters and all other meanes to draw them of Antwerpe to a reconciliation with the King of Spaine Don Bernardin de Mendoça Ambassador at that time in France for the Catholike King hauing been sent with some disgrace out of England for that contrarie to the dutie of his charge he had beene a busie practiser against that State vppon the arriuall of these Deputies to Paris came with a great clamor vnto the King Bernardin de Mendoza his speech to the French King telling him that the Estates of the Low-countries as Rebels to the King of Spaine had bin condemned of high treason by the Councell of the Inquisition of Spaine and therefore were to be rooted out That remembring the strict league and allyance betwixt him and his master he should not giue them audience but rather driue such rebels out of his countrie the which would turn to the good of France lying so neere vnto Spaine and of all Christendome which was disquieted with these wicked people That he should do wrong vnto all other Princes to whome such presidents are very preiudicial Answer of the French King to Mendoza if they should countenance and support their Rebels But the King answered that he would not giue audience to the Deputies of the generall Estates as to Rebels reuolted but as to afflicted people who complained of oppressions That Princes had neuer neither ought they refuse to ayde the afflicted especially when as their greatest desire is to be reconciled to their Prince to obtaine the which they informed the King that they had made many petitions vnto the King of Spaine and could get no answer and therefore he thought that any man might seeke support where he could if right and iustice were denyed him so as he was not to be blamed if he gaue them audience In the beginning of this yeare there was preparation made in Spaine for the marriage of the Infanta Donna Catherina with that pompe that was befitting such Princes for the effecting whereof the King with his children and the chiefe of the Nobility of Spaine came to Sarragossa about the end of February the Duke of Sâ—uoy beeing arriued in Doria's gallies at Barcelona on the 18. of the said moneth from whence hee went by land to Sarragossa
of Austria his base brother one Iohn de Soto to serue him as a Secretarie a man by nature tending to great matters to raise his Lord and Maister to a superlatiue greatnesse and by the meanes of Pope Pius the fift to aduance him to the realme of Tunes Motiues of the bad vsage of the Arragonoâ—â— for their liberties The which beeing suspect and displeasing vnto the King fearing the diminution of his presented Monarchie after that hee had well obserued his dessiegnes and actions it was thought fit to call home Soto from D. Iohns seruice and to substitute Escouedo in his place In the beginning this Secretary Escouedo did serue his Lord Don Iohn well to the Kings good liking but in time they discouered plainly that hee troad in the same pathe that Soto had done entertaining secret correspondencies in the Court of Rome for his Maisters aduancement by the Popes poursute who possest him with an Imagination of the Crowne of England the which did much displease the King although it were no preiudice to him Don Iohn beeing returned soone after out of Italy into Spaine to receiue his commission and Instructions for the gouernment of the Netherlands he parted well satisfied and full of hope of this Conquest of England Beeing come into the Netherlands and hauing ratified the pacification of Gant made by the Generall Estates the Prince and the particular Estates of Holland Zeland and their associates with the Estates of Brabant Flanders Arthois Henault c. by which pacification all strange Souldiers should depart the countrie so as Don Iohn thought and such was his first and most assured desseigne to make vse of the sayd Soldiers in their retreate to execute this exploite of England But whether the Generall Estates of the Lowe Countries who had then made an alliance with England discouered his intent or not when as hee could not finde meanes to retire his souldiers by sea for want of shippes which they refused him that desseigne of England turned into smoake Notwithstanding that the Pope would haue assisted him as well with money as with Bulls granting him the inuestituure of that Realme to hold it of the Popes Sea The which the King of Spaine without whose priuitie this businesse was in the beginning managed hauing himselfe a greedy desire to that realme as did afterwards appeare could secretly crosse Don Iohn beeing much grieued in heart at this escape yet seeming still very obsequious and dutifull to the King hauing in some sort caused the Spaniards and Italians to retire but not far off and keeping the Germaine Collonels at his deuotion and not causing them to retire hee afterwards seazed vpon the Castle of Namur whereby all his practises were discouered and many letters were intercepted written by him and Escouedo his Secretarie Wherevpon hee was declared an enemy to the Lowe Countries Then hee beegan to treate secretly and to make priuate alliances in France with the Duke of Guise all without the King of Spaines priuitie and knowledge the which did mooue him much obseruing these courses of Don Iohn and his Secretary Escouedo whereof Antonio de Vargas Ambassador for the King of Spaine in France aduertised Antonio Perez Secretary of State to the sayd King who presently acquainted his maister therewith Among other things that Don Iohn said that hee had rather seeke his fortune in France with 6000. foote and 2000. horse then to stay any longer in the gouernment of the Netherlands On the other side Don Iohn by his letters which hee did write into Spaine made strange complaints full of bitternesse and despaire yea with threates if they suffered him to languish any longer in that estate and his letters were seconded by Escouedo who wrote to Antonio Perez whom he held to be a friend to Don Iohn and himselfe but hee discouered all their secrets vnto the King as it appeared by letters written from Perez vnto the King and noted in the margent with the Kings owne hand During all this businesse Escouedo beeing sent for into Spaine the King resolues to haue him made away either by murther or poyson as well for the great liberty and boldnesse hee vsed in his writing as for the strange speeches he sometimes vttered which were very displeasing vnto the King taking for a coulour a certaine proposition made by him to fortifie and man the rock of Magro and of some 6000. Ducats imployed by him contrary to the Kings intent In the end after that he had conferred with the Marquis of Velez and duly considered of all Escouedos practises holding it a dangerous matter to send him back to Don Iohn the King found it expedient to haue him slaine So Escouedo returning home to his lodging in the night he was murthered in the streete by Garcia of Arres and his confederates at the induction of Antonio Perez who had receiued commandement from the King Hauing beene formerly concluded betwixt the King and Perez that if the murtherers should chance to bee apprehended that Perez taking the fact wholy vpon himselfe should flie into Arragon whereas the King might more easily defend him then in Castile Escouedo beeing murthered in this manner the fact began to be discouered The widow and her sonnes made their complaints against Perez The King receiued them into his Councell of State but hee sent them not before their Ordinary Indge himselfe giuing the whole knowledge of the fact to the President of Castile and commanding him to talke with Escouedos sonnes and to the Secretary Mathew Vasques who presented their complaint to the end they might bee silent But all the Presidents admonitions were of no force yea hee made them more violent in their complaints Perez aduised the King to suffer this fact to come to a triall of lawe with a moderate slow poursute yet not to decree any thing or else that he would giue him leaue to retire from Court the which the King tooke in ill part promising him by the faith of a Knight neuer to abandon him and that hee would keepe him in his seruice But Perez in the meane time saw the storme approching whereof hee was the more assured after the death of the Marquis of Velez who had beene a liuely witnesse vnto him The King seeing him perplexed and in distresse for this death did confirme this promise againe vnto him more strictly In the meane time they doubled their complaints the which in like maner tending to the dishonor and to charge the Princesse of Eboly the complainants framed at large by writing and presented it to the King yet for all this hee gaue no sentence but being prest by Vasques to whom he had begun to discouer himselfe as appeared by the answer which hee made him in writing coppyed by Perez with a postscript of the Kings In the end the King commanded his Confessor to reconcile the Princesse and Perez with Vasques wherevnto the Princesse would not giue eare finding her selfe wronged for that she
meane than to a lackey for pillaging of that dead bodie which his master had slaine Thus much I haue set downe out of his owne mouth touching the seruice that was done vpon those six gallies of Spaine This yeare there was a new fleet made readie in Spaine 1603 the which bred a jealousie in the French Armie of Spain at sea and made them to stand vpon their gard in Languedoc and Prouence This fleet was readie to set saile the which vnder colour of renewing the enterprise of Alger in Afrike might frame some designe vpon that coast Prince Doria and D. Iohn de Cordoua had beene both vnfortunat in their charges The honour of Christendome made all men wish that this execution might proue more succesfull than the rest But as bad designes do manie times prosper better than good the successe depending commonly on the blindnesse of fortune this enterprise of Alger was no more succesfull than the two former It was managed by a Franciscan Frier called Father Mathew who promised as great glorie vnto himselfe in chasing away those petiâ— kings of Afrike as Aratus had of freeing Sicyonia of tyrans He had negotiated with the king of Cycco who promised that for a certaine summe of money whereof he should receiue fortie thousand crowns in hand not onely to fauour any designe but to declare himselfe openly against the king of Alger and to reduce the towne to what condition they would but there is a great difference betwixt saying and doing And it is a great simplicitie to giue credit to an Infidell seeing that treacherie is inseparable from his soule The Viceroy of Majorca who was Generall in this action and with whom the king of Cycco had promised to joyne approached with foure gallies vpon this assurance and landed about an hundred men Moors treacherous to deliuer fortie thousand crownes vnto the Moores who receiued the money and deliuered the men into the hands of the Viceroy of Alger where the Frier was slain and the Viceroy retiring freed their neighbours from jealousie They of Barcelona who are subiect to the king of Spaine did no lesse apprehend this armie than the Moores they feared that the Catholike king would take their priuiledges from them as hee had done from them of Arragon Passage of the prince of Piedmont into Spain yet the passage of the three princes of Sauoy into Spaine renewed their jealousie in France The duke came with them to Nice where they attended the commoditie of their imbarking the princesse Marguerite his eldest daughter commaunding in Piedmont and from thence they past to Barcelona where they attended the kings pleasure and were entertained with all the honours that might be done vnto princes of that alliance The king of Spaine rejoyced at the dukes resolution and seemed to haue a great desire to see them He sent D. Henriques de Guzman to congratulate their arriuall and to commaund them to take small journeyes by reason of the heat of the season Being come to Court he made prince Victor the dukes second sonne Viceroy of Portugall the which did much content the Portugals to see the fruits of D. Beatrix his great grandmother who was daughter to D. Emanuel king of Portugall and maried to Charles duke of Sauoy The third sonne was afterwards made Archbishop of Toledo and then cardinall The queene of England being dead this yeare King of Spaine sends an embassador into England and the king of Scotland come to the succession of that Crowne the king of Spaine sent D. Iohn Baptista Taxis earle of Villa Mediana his embassadour into England to witnesse vnto the king the great contentment hee receiued by his happie comming to the Crowne who after his first audience of congratulations and ordinarie complements made a speech vnto the king to this effect The king of Spaine my master assuring himselfe to find the same effects and affections of friendship in you being king of England which you haue alwayes made shew of vnto him being king of Scotland Speech of the embassador of Spain to the king of England hath sent me vnto your Maiestie to confirme the sinceritie to desire the continuance and to preserue it by all the proofes of friendship and assistance which he offers you which is the same that many great princes haue desired and could not obtaine and for that it is offered is no lesse necessarie and to be wished for of your Maiestie If the king D. Philip the second of glorious memorie hath attempted any thing against England and queene Elizabeth against the Estates of Spaine it was more vpon some priuat spleene than for any reason of State But one tombe should interre both their bodies and their passions The successours doe inherit the greatnesse and power of their predecessors but they are not tied to their designes which haue no end but the ruine one of another The Catholike king hath such rich and goodlie Crownes in Europe Asia and Africke and at the East and West Indies as they are sufficient to settle the desire of his ambition within the bounds of his owne greatnesse If hee hath dealt in the affaires of any other princes it was to support them and keepe them from ruine time hauing discouered how many things were readie to fall if they had not beene vnderpropt by the hand of D. Philip. The enemies of the house of Spaine haue published That the ambition of this prince was to make himselfe Monarch of all Christendome and that hee had left these designes hereditarie to his posteritie But the wiser sort may easily judge that if hee had beene so affected he would haue carried himselfe otherwise and begun the execution of the enterprise by Italie in the which hee is the stronger the conquest whereof would be easie hauing such aduantages But as hee is contented to preserue his owne and desires no lesse to raigne justly than long and happily so is hee grieued to see his friends crosse him in a thing that is so just and reasonable Complaints are free for all men but they are more affectionate among neighbours My master who holds you in this qualitie of a friend and will dow what possibly hee may that you bee neuer other complaines to you of your selfe Hee cannot dissemble how much hee thinkes himselfe wronged for that your Majestie doth affect the defence and protection of the rebels of the Low Countries against their lawfull Lord and that you haue lately graunted them a great leuie of Scottish men Hee assures himselfe of all friendship and justice from you and hee intreats you that in calling home these Scottish men you will punish them as they haue deserued Hee desires to treat sincerely with you and beleeues that your Maiestie considering how much the friendship of so mightie a prince should bee deere vnto you and will be profitable will seeke and imbrace it and will neuer be so carelesse of his good as to wish him ill The king
returned him many good words to witnesse the alliance which hee desired to entertaine with the king of Spaine King of Englands answer to the Spanish embassador vpon the like tearmes hee had with him as king of Scotland But aduowing the Scottish troups which were sent to the generall Estates of the vnited Prouinces to be leuied by his commaundement he said they had not deserued any punishment giuing leaue to king Philip to make vse of Scottishmen if he pleased and letting him know that he had not transgrest the lawes of neutralitie And as for their protection he desired he should vnderstand That the great interests which England hath with the vnited Prouinces as well in regard of their townes which they haue ingaged as for the succours which they haue receiued from thence did bind him to assist them and to haue a care of their preseruation and to second the intentions of the deceased queene and to build vpon the foundations which she had laied yet he desired to see them all well reconciled with the king of Spaine The embassador as my Author sayes answered That whosoeuer knew the power of the king of Spaine Spaniards think none so powerful as their own king were not ignorant that he can easily bring the rebelled Prouinces vnder the yoke of his obedience when hee shall please to make an enterprise equall to his power That no man should doubt that hee that had passed the Hellespont will easily passe the riuer of Granique and that a prince which triumphes ouer so many nations so many islands so many seas and so much firme land at the new-found world will not adde the islands of Holland and Zeland to his triumphant chariot the wise will alwaies giue the counsell which Phocion gaue vnto the Athenians either to make themselues the strongest or to be obedient vnto them that were so He then desired leaue to enter into conference with some of his Maiesties Councell and to consult of the meanes of some treatie which would be no lesse profitable and honourable to England than to Spaine the which was granted him After some meetings the lords finding that he had no power to treat they attended other deputies who came the next yeare with an ample Commission as you shall heare There fell out two accidents 1604 which had like to haue troubled the quiet of those two great Monarchs of France and Spaine Imposition exacted by the Spaniard The yeare before king Philip and the Archdukes had imposed thirtie in the hundred vpon all marchandise which came in or went out of the countries that were vnder their obedience the which did seeme directly to infringe the treatie of Veruins The French king commanded his embassadors to deale with those princes touching this imposition and to aduertise him of their resolutions But their aunswers and the force they vsed afterwards to the kings subiects to make them pay the imposition did witnesse sufficiently that they had no will to exempt them Whereupon the French king made a defence That no marchandise should bee carried out of France into Spaine or the Low Countries that were vnder the Archdukes obedience nor any bee brought from thence into France vpon corporall punishment and losse of goods But this did not alter the peace onely there were complaints made by the two kings one of another King Philip began He tooke it ill that the French going volâ—ntarily to serue the Estates did prolong their rebellion and did hinder the reduction of Ostend that the king did succour them with men and money and that hee had forbidden his subiects to traffique into Spaine and Flanders But the king disauowed them that went to serue the Estates If hee sent them money it was sayed he but to pay that which hee had borrowed And the defence of traffique tended to no other end but to force the king of Spaine and the Archduke to take away that intollerable imposition and to let him know that France can liue better without the commodities of Spaine than Spain without those of France The second accident Treason of Lost. or cause of jarre betwixt these two princes grew also from Spaine the French king complaining and justly That the secrets of his cabinet were discouered to his enemies Will the king of Spaine neuer cease said he to withdraw my subiects from their duetie and loyalties Will hee still entertaine some traytor within my realme My embassadour complaines vnto me by his letters that hee is so slowly aduertised of our affaires as the king of Spaines ministers know them before him The king being much troubled to find out the spring from whence this pestilent liquor of Infidelitie did flow behold God discouered the treacherie of Iudas by such meanes as the wisedome of man could not find out Villeroy the chiefe Secretarie of State who managed the greatest secrets of the kingdome had an vnder clerke called Nicholas Lost in whom hee reposed much trust and the rather for that his father had serued him long This young man hauing attended on Monsieur de la Rochepot being embassadour in Spaine there laied the plot of this treason whereof you may read the whole discourse at large in the historie of France There was some likelihood of a new enterprise this yeare vpon Africke Embassadours from the king of Cusco at Valencia The king of Cusco who had promised the last yeare to joyne with the Spaniards against Alger had receiued fortie thousand crownes vpon the bargaine and treacherously betrayed them that brought the money vnto their enemies this yeare hee sent an embassadour vnto the king who gaue him audience at Valencia Which made many thinke that hee would make another attempt vpon Alger for that he caused him to be conducted home by a Master of the campe and an Enginer giuing him great store of munition and fire-workes laden in three fregats The king of Spaine beeing aduertise out of England from his embassadour Taxis of the successe of his embassage Constable of Castille sent into England and of the expectation of a treatie hee appointed the Constable of Castille to vndertake this charge giuing him an ample Commission to treat and conclude a Peace betwixt England and Spaine hee past through France where he was verie honourably receiued and so came into Flanders to the Archdukes from whence he went into England for the conclusion of the peace There were Commissioners appointed on either side For the king of great Britaine were named Commissioners for the treatie of the peace for England the earle of Dorset high Treasurer of England the earle of Nottingham high Admirall of England the earle of Deuonshire Lieutenant of the kingdome of Ireland the earle of Northampton and the lord Vicont Cranborne principall Secretarie and now earle of Salisburie and high Treasurer of England being all of his Majesties priuie Councell For the king of Spaine there were deputed D. Iohn de Velasco Constable of Castille and Leon
ceremonie and it was thought the gouernor being inuited would haue dined with his Lordship but hee fearing to heare something that might touch the king his master in honour excused himselfe and so retired hauing seene his Lordship set downe But hearing after dinner by his owne brother that there was not any thing that might giue cause of offence or exception hee was sorie and did accompanie his Lordship at supper whither many ladies and gentlewomen came to see the order of that State On the foure and twentieth of Aprill D. Blasco d' Arragon nephew to the duke of Terranoua who had beene in England the yeare before with the Constable of Castille came from Court being sent from the king his master to salute his Lordship and to acquaint him with such preparations as were made for him and his traine for that journey There was also D. Gaspar de Bullion the kings chiefe Harbinger who came with commission from the king to prouide all things necessarie for his Lordships journey After some conference notwithstanding they had promised there should be no want of any thing they found that the whole countrey would not furnish mules ynow there being six hundred and fiftie persons besides the carriages which were verie many Wherupon his Lordship resolued to leaue some of his owne companie aboord his ships vntill his returne There were foure coaches and foure litters attended them at Villafranca besides their riding mules whereof there was a coach and a litter for his Lordships owne vse another coach and a litter for sir Charles Cornwallis who was then sent to be embassador leager in Spaine and the rest for the knights and gentlemen which should be sicke During his Lordships stay at the Groine hee was entertained with sundrie sports the which were performed in a square made of purpose on the market place as assaulting of a castle by armed knights and freeing a ladie from foure monsters which defended it fighting at barriers and in the end verie rare fire-works the which were generally commended for their strangenesse Earle of Nottingham goes from the Grâ—ine After which his Lordship hauing all his traine furnished with mules began his journey towards the Court the 3 of May the gouernor and magistrats bringing him out of the town with musick shot He was accompanied by D. Blasco d' Arragon D. Gaspar de Bullion chief harbinger to the K. who had the charge of the conduct His Lordship past from the Groyne to Bytance to Villa Alua Lugo Terra Castella Cebrera Villa Franca Bubibre Astorga where his Lordship saw a fayre castle belonging to the marquesse of Astorga Banesa Benauent Villa Garcia and from thence hee had order to goe to Simancas which was as farre as Vailledolit To which towne his Lordship came in twelue dayes hauing beene honourably receiued in all places where he past His Lordship comming to Simancas on Tuesday the 14 of May he had order from the king not to come to Court till Thursday On the Wednesday after dinner there came D. Pedro de Suniga or Estuniga newly appointed embassadour for England and D. Iohn de Taxis sonne to the earle of Villa Mediana then embassador in England who hauing saluted his Lordship departed againe On Thursday He goes to Court his Lordship being appointed to goe to Court there came to attend him the marquesse of Camerasa D. Pedro de Suniga D. Iohn de Taxis D. Blasco d' Arragon with diuers other knights and gentlemen of the kings house and chamber bringing diuers coaches with them Simancas was not aboue six English miles from Court. Vpon the way the earle of Nottingham was persuaded to goe into a banqueting house which stood vpon the highway and to see the delicacie of their orchards and gardens and to tast of the fruits but it was rather to stay for the noblemen which were appointed by the king to meet him During his stay in this garden there was a horse presented vnto him from the king which he did vsually ride on After an houres stay there came diuers Grandoes Noblemen 〈◊〉 the Earle of Nottingham and other noblemen the chiefe whereof were the duke of Frias Constable of Castille lately embassadour in England the duke of Infantasgo the duke of Albuquerque the duke of Cea the duke of Sessa the duke of Pastrana the marquesse of S. German the earle of Chinchon the earle of Punno en Rostro the marquesse of Baneza the earle of Aguilar the earle of Berosa the earle of Nieua the earle of Corunna the earle of Paredes the marquesse of Carpio the marquesse of Tauera the marquesse of Villanoua the earle of Salinas the marquesse of Seralua the marquesse de Fuentes the marquesse of Alcanices the earle of Galues the Admirall of Arragon with many other lords and knights The earle with all these nobles and his whole traine being vpon the way the weather being exceeding hot there fell a verie great showre which continued vntill they came into the towne where his lodging was appointed in the house of the earle of Salinas not farre from Court There was a multitude of people and eight hundred coaches as it was thought full of ladies and gentlewomen gotten out of the towne to see the earle and his companie I omit the manner of their marshalling with the Spanish knights and lords They entred by a gate called Puerta del Campo and passed through the chiefe parts of the towne by the Court gate the king queene and ladies standing as they said at certaine windowes to take view of the companie That night there came diuers noblemen and the queene sent her Major Domo to visit his Lordship which caused some admiration in the Spaniards who saied they neuer knew the like fauour done to any embassador The day after his Lordship comming to Vailledolit D. Francisco Gomes de Sandoual duke of Lerma the kings great fauourite being accompanied by many dukes and earles came to visit him and so consequently all embassadours and most of the Grandoes and noblemen of the Court came to visit him and congratulate his comming He had his first audience on Saturday the eighteenth of May. In the morning the king sent the earle of Galues and diuers of his priuie chamber to visit his Lordship In the afternoone the Constable came accompanied with aboue twentie noblemen The Earle goes to Court wherof three or foure were of the Grandoes bringing many coaches with them to conduct his Lordship and his companie to Court The kings gard made a way for them them to the presence chamber doore they being three hundred in number Suisses Spaniards and Wallons attired in red and yellow veluet but of seuerall fashions At the palace gate stood the duke of Infantasgo and the marquesse of Vellada with diuers noblemen knights and gentlemen to receiue his Lordship to conduct the companie into the presence where the king sat vnder a rich cloth of Estate His Audience and by him eight
Grandoes of Spaine couered His Lordship hauing deliuered his message by his interpretor his letters into the kings own hands coÌ„ming from his chaire he gaue his Lordship a very kind honorable entertainment causing him to sit neere vnto him which fauour was much obserued as a thing sayd the Spaniards neuer vsed to any embassadour before that time After some conference the noblemen and gentlemen hauing kist the kings hand his Lordship was conducted by the Constable and others to the queenes presence where shee sate vnder a rich cloth of Estate and the Infanta by her hee was receiued by the Major Domo to the queene and conducted to her presence where hauing ended his complements being somewhat late he tooke his leaue and returned with those dukes and lords vnto his lodging On the nineteenth of May King of Spaine goes in procession being Sunday the king went in procession going first to S. Paules church neere the Court and then through the town to S. Maries after this maner First went the Monkes and religious Orders singing and bearing crosses banners and other church reliques the Sacrament being also carried by foure officers of the Church Then followed diuers noblemen in their rankes according to their degrees And next before the kings owne person went the younger of the princes of Sauoy After king followed the cardinall being Archbishop of Toledo and with him the prince of Sauoy his elder brother Then followed the prince of Maroc with the Emperours embassador the embassador of France and he of Venice after whom followed diuers gentlemen of the kings chamber and the rest of the traine After dinner the same day there was preparation made for the Christening of the prince Christening of the prince of Spaine There was a large scaffold made for their passage at the end of a long gallerie and joyned to the church the timber of which scaffold was couered with rich cloth of gold They came vnto the church after this manner The trumpets were set in seuerall companies neere vnto the church still sounding and answering one another About foure of the clocke there past by this scaffold to go into Saint Paules church the Knights Lords and Grandoes going before and some Dukes of especiall name bearing sundrie ceremonies as the salt carried by one a wax taper by another then came the Constable who carried the Crowne before whom went the king at Armes The duke of Lerma bare the prince in his armes being tied vnto him with a rich scarse he was assisted by the prince of Sauoy and the earle of Miranda Then followed the Infanta in a chaire the which diuers gentlemen of the kings bed-chamber and priuie chamber carried on their shoulders the younger prince of Sauoy going by At the church doore the cardinall attended them in his pontificall robes hauing three bishops and other officers of the Church with him and so they conducted them with singing vnto the Font the which was richly couered with a canopie of cloth of gold The cardinall performed the ceremonie the which ended with church musicke sounding of trumpets and other wind instruments and so they returned as they came being accompanied by most of the great Ladies of the Court and kingdome The prince was Christened by the name of Philip Domingo Victor The elder prince of Sauoy was his godfather of whom he tooke the name of Victor and the Infants his sister was his godmother The Lord embassador of England was placed in the earle of Ribadauias house both to see the procession in the morning and the prince going to the Christening after which he was conducted by a priuat way into the church to see the ceremonie The next day Churching of the queene of Spaine being Monday the embassador leger was presented to the king and gratiously allowed of by him On Tuesday the Lord embassador was conducted to S. Mâ—ries church by D. Blasco d' Arragon to see the ceremonie of the queenes Churching whither the king and queene came together the king being on horsebacke and the queene in a verie rich carroch of cloth of gold drawne with foure horses hauing their furnitures of cloth of gold with whom the Infanta sat After which in another carroch came the yong prince in the armes of an auncient ladie and then followed two other carroches of blacke veluet with diuers duchesses countesses and other great personages widowes Then came foure other carroches all of one fashion with diuers ladies the queenes maides This was the first day of the queenes going abroad and as it was held her Churching day That day the Lord embassador was inuited to dine with the Constable Earle of Nottingham feasted by the Constable where he was accompanied by the dukes of Albuquerque of Sessa others where there wanted not any thing that the countrie could yeeld for his entertainment On Friday being the 20 of May there were certaine presents Presents sent to the king and Queen of Spain sent by the king of England deliuered the king and Queene comming themselues into a priuat garden to receiue them They were sixe horses three for the king and three for the Queene with saddles and clothes verie richly imbrodered two Crosse-bowes with sheafes of arrowes foure fowling peeces with their furnitures all verie richly garnished and inlaied with plates of gold and a couple of lime-hounds which presents were kindlie receiued the king and Queene admiring the fashion and richnesse thereof On Tuesday the eight twentieth of May Embassador feasted by the duke of Lerma the Lord embassador with all the English were inuited to dine with the duke of Lerma where they were verie honorably entertained to their great contentment he was accompained at the table by the duke of Lerma the duke of infantasgo and the duke of Albuquerque They were attended on at the table by Marquesses Earles Knights and gentlemen of the kings priuy-chamber and few others Hauing receiued what pleasure could be deuised at the table they were afterwards caried down into a faire Court paued with square stone in the middest wherof was a fountaine of cleere water the whole Court was couered with canuas to keep them from the heat of the Sunne There was a stage set vp in this Court with al things fitting for a play which the embassadour and the rest were inuited to see The king and Queene were also in priuat to see this Comedie The day appointed for the taking of the kings Othe King of Spaine goes in procession was vpon Thursday the thirtieth of May being Corpus Christi day on the which the king went in procession and for that hee would bee seene by the English hee appointed to passe by the gate where the embassador was lodged after this manner First there came eight great Giants three men three women and two Moores with a Taber and pipe playing and they dauncing Then followed certaine Pilgrimes clad in blew After whome fiue and twenty or sixe and
one lesser which was betwixt the other two In which middle chaire the Infanta being taken out of her Chariot was placed the two virgins neere her and the other sixe vpon the degrees at the foot of the estate At the nether end of the Hall stood the maskers in a gallerie made of purpose who vpon drawing of a curtaine appeared as it were in clouds They were eight and twentie Knights Ladies besides torch-bearers whereof the king and Queen made two the rest were 〈◊〉 Grandoes and men of great honour the Ladies were the Queens Maides The gallerie being built in maner of an arch and set full with looking glasses did with the light of torches shine as if it had beene ful of Starres The musick playing the maskers descended by foure and foure at a time vpon a stage made in fashion of a cloud vntill the whole number was come forth dancing together in good forme and measure Hauing danced a while they all vnmasked themselues the king and Queene sitting in the chaires aboue mentioned where after some other dances the sport ended On the seuenth of Iune the Lord embassadour was appointed to take his leaue of the king and returne for England Before his comming to Audience the king sent by D. Pedro de Suniga and some others to the number of foureteene chaines of gold or thereabouts for some of the kings Seruants and his lordships chiefe officers hauing likewise sent before by the said D. Pedro vnto the Lords and to many knights and other especial men of his Lordships companie seuerall Iewels and chaines which were verie rich In the afternoone the king sent vnto the embassadour a verie rich present of Iewels both for himself and his Lady the which were presented vnto him by D. Blasco and brought by the masters and officers of the jewel house whome he rewarded honorably Not long after the Constable came with some others to conduct him to his Audience where after some priuate conference with the king hee tooke his leaue hauing receiued many gracious words from his Maiestie as also a ring with a Diamond which some valued at three thousand pounds the which the king put vpon his finger in token as hee said of wedding him perpetually in true loue After which the king commanded the duke of Infantasgo to conduct him vnto the Queen where hauing performed all due complements he tooke his leaue also of her Highnesse And the same day being accompanied a mile out of the Towne by the Constable and some other Noblemen he began his iourny towards England and on the fifteenth day came to Saint Andreas where his ships attended him Where being arriued and all things ready for his imbarking hee shewed his bountie in rewarding D. Blasco the Aposentador or chiefe Harbinger and al the kings officers seruants that attended him with great chains of gold faire Iewels of good value and large sums of money to their generall content After which hauing feasted them on shipboard hee put to sea on the 25 day of Iune Thus haue I summarily set downe the substance of the Earle of Nottinghams honorable entertainment at the Court of Spaine when as he was sent thither embassador for the swearing of the othe with the which I will end this Historie and conclude my labour with his Lordships safe returne into England FINIS ⧠Obseruations touching the state and gouernment of Spaine FOr as much as my Authour in the beginning of this Historie hath made an exact description of Spaine setting downe the number of leagues the whole continent doth containe in circuit describing the principall riuers within the Countrie with their Springs and courses setting downe the mountaines and hils and distinguishing the Prouinces within the countrie as they lye at this day and by whome they were in ancient time inhabited with a declaration of the fertilitie riches and commodities of the Countrie I haue thought good to adde something touching the gouernment of that state with some other obseruations concerning that subiect the which I haue collected out of such as haue beene curious to see obserue and write thereof The king of Spaine as hee is a potent Prince and Lord of many countries so hath hee many Councels for the managing of their affaires distinctly apart without any confusion euerie Councell treating only of those matters which concerne their Iurisdiction charge and meddle not one with anothers businesse with which Councels and with the Presidents being men of chiefe note the king doth conferre touching matters belonging to the good gouernment preseruation increase of his Estates and hauing heard euerie mans opinion he commands that to be executed that shall be held most fit and conuenient The first is The Councel of state Councel of state wheron the rest depend They name Viceroyes for all the king of Spaines countries and prouide for many things for the preseruation of his realms The king himselfe is President of this Councell the Counsellours who are the chiefe men in the court haue no fees The Councell of warre Councell of war It prouides for Generals Colonels Captaines the Generall of the gallies and for whatsoeuer concernes the war with the aduice of his Majestie who is president of this Councell They punish all commanders and officers at warre that doe not their duties And in like maner they dispose of the companies of men at arms appointed for the gard of the kingdom and they giue order for the artillerie munition and fortifications or any thing that is necessary for the warre The counsellors haue no wages The royall Councel of justice Councell of iustice Here they treat of the good gouernment of all Spaine they determine controuersies betwixt Noblemen and ease the greeuances of other Courts This councell is of great preheminence the president names al Iustices of Spain the Prouosts of the kings house with many other Counsellors and Iustices They take information how euerie one hath behaued himselfe in his charge punishing and changing as they shall think good but with the kings priuity There is a President and sixteen counsellors who haue all wages The Councell of Italie Councel of Italy which treats of matters concerning the realms of Naples and Sicile and the Duchie of Milan The Constable of Castille is President there are sixe Counsellours three Italians and three Spaniards In this Councell they dispose of the gouernment of Italie and giue aduancement to the Souldiers that serue in those Countries they appoint Gouernours and Iudges in cities and giue titles to Noblemen but they first acquaint the king with their consultations The Councel of the Indies The President is of greatest esteeme next vnto the councel royall The Councell of the Indies there are eight Counsellors and haue all wages They appoint Viceroys for Peru Noua Hispagna and a general of the army that goes into these parts with all other Offices and Spirituall liuings In this Councell they also treat of all greeuances
king of Castile in his last testament 629 Orders for the gouernment of the realme of Castile ibid. Order for the gouernment of Castile 637 Orders for the giuing of spirituall liuings 641 Officers called in question 659 Order of the golden fleece instituted 696 Outrage committed by a Moore in Seuile vnpunished 776 Opinion of the Biscains concerning Bishops 863 Orders for the quiet of the realme of Nauar. 891 Order touching the gouernment of Castile 881 Oran in Affrike taken miraculously 893 Order of the Nuns called the Conception 900 Orders for the Indies 930 Outrage committed by the Earle of Vregna 948 Oran beseeged by the Turkes and valiantly defended 1077 Occasion of a victory lost by the Christians 1086 Order of the Christians army at Gerbe 1087 Oran beseeged againe and well defended 1112 Obiections against the Prince of Spaine 1130 Order of the Christians and Turkes armies at Lepanto 1168 P PAssion in Amilcar the ruine of his country 35 Parle betwixt Masinissa and Scipio 74 Palantines among the Spaniards 106 Pampelone begun 112 Paliardise the ruine of the Gothes kingdome 157 Palence restored to the king of Nauarre 230 Patricide among the Princes of Cattelonia 254 Papacy disputed by armes 276 Parliament at Toledo for the Moores warre 339 Pampelona in sedition 346. diuided into two factions 405 Parricids committed by Conrade 412 Pablo a Iew conuerted a learned Doctor and of a good life 658 Pampelona made one body 689 Pardon granted to the confederats 731 Parliament at Toledo 880 Pastors being negligent cause persecutions 946 Pampelona beseeged in vaine by king Iohn 910. it is abandoned by the Castillans 962. it is taken by the Lords of Asperaut 965 Passage of king Francis a prisoner into Spaine 974 Pardon for the Moores proclaimed 1145 Perpenna and his confederats murther Sertorious 111. he is punished for his treason 112 Pelagius the first king of the Asturies 168. he flâ—es into the mountaines 169. he stiles himselfe king of Ouiedo 171 Pelagius a religious man cruelly murthered 194 Peace betwixt Nauarre and Castile 289 Peace betwixt Nauarre and Arragon 303 Pero Nugnes a faithful vassal to his king 309 D. Pedro king of Arragon slaine in France 345 D. Pedro of Arragon drawes his brother 401 D. Pedro Sanches of Montagu regent of Nauarre 402. he is murthered 405 Peace betwixt France and Arragon 436 Perpignan taken by the French 427 Peace betwixt Nauarre and Castile 501 D. Pedro king of Castile called the cruel 531. hee leaues his new wife 3. daies after his marriage 534. he marries a second wife the first beeing liuing 536. murthers committed by him 538. he puts his brother to death 546 his diuilish cruelty 548. he spoiles the Venerians at sea 551. hee murthers two other of his brethren 552. hee murthers Queene Blanch his wife 554. his cruelty couetousnesse and treachery 557. his flight out of Castile 567 he discontents the English 571. he is slaine by his base brother D. Hen. 575 Peace broken by the Castillan with Arragon 556 Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal 585 Peace betwixt Castile and Nauarre 594 D. Pedro of Portugal a great traueller 691 D Pedro of Arragon slaine at Naples 714 Pedro Sarmiento deliuers Toledo to Prince H. 739 Peace concluded betwixt Castile Arragon 768 D. Pedro of Portugal chosen king of Arragon 775 he is crowned at Barcelona 786. he is defeated with the Cattelans ibid. he is poisoned 789 Pedro de Velasco made Constable of Castile 834 Pero Gonzales of Mendosa Cardinal of Spaine 835 Perpignan yeelded to the French 847 Peace betwixt France and Castile 870 Peace betwixt Portugal and Castile 875 Pedro of Nauarre made Earle of Albeto 874. hee is chiefe conductor of the warre at Oran 892 Peace betwixt France and Spaine 879 Pegnon de Velez fortified by the Castillans 888 Pedro Arias d' Auila viceroy of the firme land at the Indies 917 Pearles in aboundance at the Indies 918 D. Pedro Giron raiseth new troubles 955 Peru discouered 981 Peace betwixt the Pope and king of Spaine 1080 Peace betwixt France and Spaine 1081 Persecutions in Spaine for religion 1083 Pegnon de Velez how scituated 1112 Pedro Aroio defeated and slaine by the Moores 1144 Pegnon of Fregiliana taken by the great Commander 1148 Peace betwixt the Turke and the Venetians 1172 People of the Terceres brutish 1218 Pedro de Baldes defeated by them of the Terceres ibid. Phenitiens spoile Spaine 8 Philip Archduke of Austria and Ioane his wife driuen into England by a storme 880 Philip Prince of Spaine sworn future king of Spain 1007. he goes into Flanders 1025. his marriage with Mary Queene of England 1039. hee is made king of Naples 1040. he is desirous of a peace with the Pope 1078. hee returnes into Spaine 1083. he sends succors into France 1094 his marriage with his Neece 1156. he sends his gallies to assist the Venetians 1157. his resolution to warre against the Turke 1173. he disswads D. Sebastien from the voiage of Affrike 1198. his troupes march towards Portugal 1208. he enters into Portugal 1217. his bounty in Portugal 1220. he is acknowledged king in Lisbone ibid. he goes out of Portugal 1226 Pyrenee mountaines ful of yron mines 2 Pirenees why so called 14 Piety of Isabel Queene of Portugal 469 Pisans abandon the Island of Sardinia 480 Piety of a sonne ill rewarded by D. Pedro king of Castile 530 Pizarro abandoned by his soldiers at Peru 1031. he defeats his enemies 1032. he is defeated and executed 1033 Pialy Basha hauing taken Gerbe enters Constantinople in triumph 1093 C. Plautius defeated by Viriatus 99 Pleasures corrupt both minde and body 215 Plague in Alphonso de la Cerdes campe 441 Places vpon the frontier of Castile abandoned by bad counsel 736 Places yeelded to the king of Castile 930 Placentia taken from D. Aluaro d' Estuniga 932 Places returne to the obedience of the king of Nauarre 910 Places belonging to the Portugals in Afrike yeeld to king Philip. 1215 Portugal whence it was so called 18 Pouerty assures the peoples liberty 28 Policy of the Romaine and Carthag captaines 43 Pompey deceiues the Numantins 103. he is sent into Spaine against Sertorius 111. his wisdome to end the ciuil war 112. he is made perpetual gouernor in Spaine ibid. he gets the farther Spaine to be at his deuotion 115 Policy of Flaccus Commissary of the victuals 105 Popilius Lenas vnfortunat in the warre of Numantia 104 Pompeys sonne slaine by Caesar. 116 Power of Ballancing that of kings 146 Pope Benedict an heretike 151 Posterity of Mudarra Gonsales 218 Portugal held in fee of the crowne of Leon. 258 Pope ratifies the election of the Emperour Rodolphus 406 Pope and D. Alphonso king of Castile met at Beaucaire 407 Pompe at the creation of the Earl of Barcellos 551 Policy cruell and detestable of Queene Leonora Telles 558 Pope Clement sends a Legat into Castile 631 Portugals slaine at Aliubarota 609 Power of the realme of Granado 644 3. Popes at one time in
had married D. Beatrix of Arragon Proprietary of that Earldome according to the Arragonois who was inuested by him in the realmes of Naples and Sicile in the yeere 1262. with charge that hee should expel Manfroy and pay a rent vnto the Church as feudatarie Charles by the perswasion of D. Beatrix his wife who was iealous to see her two sister Queenes the one of France the other of England vndertooke the voiage of Italy where his inuestiture was confirmed and he crowned with his wife at Rome at Saint Iohn of Latran by Pope Clement the fourth Then passing on against Manfroy who came to incounter him both armies met about at Bencuent Manfroy vanquished and slaine by the French in the yeere 1266. whereas Manfroy was slaine in battaile and his men vanquished so as Charles remained peaceble King of Naples and Sicile The body of Manfroy was not buried in holy ground for that he stood excommunicate but in a field nere vnto beneuent from whence he was afterwards transported vnto the confines of Campania his wife and children being taken by the French died in prison Some yeeres after Conradin the right heire of these realmes past into Italy being perswaded by many Italians of the Gibeline faction who hauing incountred the French army neere vnto Arezzo vanquished it wherefore marching boldly on hee had a second incounter with King Charles his army neere vnto Alba the which was vnfortunate for him for his army was not onely defeated but himselfe taken prisoner thinking to saue himselfe in a disguised habit and carried to Naples whereas King Charles by a detestable inhumanity thrust on by Pope Clement in the yeere 1269. cut off his head with that of his cousin Frederic Duke of Austria and of many Noblemen of Naples and Sicile which had followed Conradins party By these meanes the Popes gaue these realmes vnto the French and called them the two Sicilles the one on this side the other beyond the Far. Henry brother to D. Alphonso King of Castille Lieutenant of Rome was partisan to Conradin in this warre and was taken as hath beene sayd If the Sultan of Egipt a barbarous Prince hauing the King Saint Lewis and his brother Charles prisoners had intreated them in like manner the French would haue held it very strang But God powred forth his vengeance vpon the French some yeeres after in the Island of Sicile whether they called D. Pedro King of Aragon who had succeeded D. Iaime his father in the yeere 1276. who without delay caused himselfe to be crowned in Saragossa by Bernard Oliuelia Archbishop of Tarragone but before he receiued the crowne he made protestation that he would not be bound to any submission nor promise which Pedro his Grandfather had made vnto the Pope or the church of Rome to the preiudice of the liberty of his realme to the end they should not pretend that hee was their Leege-man or vassal In the same assembly of Estates of Sarragossa he caused the oth to be confirmed to his son D. Alphonso to raigne after him as heire presumptiue and for that at his comming to the crowne he had not assembled the Estates of Cattelogne at Barcelona according to the ancient customes there to promise and sweare the obseruation of the rights lawes and preuiledges of the country the Noblemen of Cattelogne being long inured to tumults they made a league and conspired with the townes for the preseruation of their liberties the chiefe of which conspiracy were D. Roger Bernard Earle of Foix holding many fees and much land in Cattelogâ—e Arnold Roger Earle of Pallars Ermengaud Earle of Vrgel and Aznar his brother Raymond Foulques Vicont of Cardone Bernard Roger Eril Raymond Anglesol and William Raymond Iosse whereof we will hereafter make mention But wee must returne into Castille where we haue left King D. Alphonso the wise much troubled for the disorders which had happened during his absence 21 Being arriued at Toledo euery man repaired thether Castille and especially the Infant D. Sancho who had made truce for two yeeres with the Moores Thether came also D. Lope Diaz of Haro An audacious speech of D. Lope Diaz dâ— Haro who was so hardy as to deliuer a message for them all that it would please him to declare his sonne D. Sancho his successor in the realmes of Castille Toledo Leon and other places seeing hee had already giuen some proofes of his vertue and valour against the Moores and that he was the eldest of his sons lyuing to whom the King made but a cold answere in the beginning but hauing afterwards assembled the Estates in the towne of Segobia D Alphonso reiects the children of D. Fernand his eldest sonne from the succession and giues it to D. Sancho by the councel of the Infant D. Manuel his brother he resolued to gratefie D. Sancho whom he made heire of the crowne after his decease and in this quality hee was receiued by them all Thus D. Alphonso and D. Fernand the children of Don Fernand de la Cerde were put from the royall succession which did belong vnto them by right although that some excuse this fact of D. Alphonso saying that there was no law at that time which did binde him to leaue the realme more to one then to an other as since there was made and receiued in the time of D. Fernand the fifth in the city of Toro where it was decreed vpon this difficultie that the children of the elder brother deceased should in that respect be preferred before the vncle representing their fathers person The Queene D. Violant and D. Blanche widow to D. Fernand were so discontented with this resolution of the Estates of Segobia as taking his young children with them they went out of the country of Castille to D. Pedro King of Arragon brother to the Queene D. Violant Many Noblemen and townes of the Realme did also hold it to bee very vniust foreseeing many great miseries which would ensue if the children did liue King D. Alphonso finding this discontentment came to Burgos where transported with choller he caused his brother D. Fadrique or Frederic to bee smothered without any forme of iustice and commanded that D. Symon Ruis of Haro Lord of Los Cameros should he burned in the towne of Treuigno Cruelty of King D Alphonso for that they had assisted the Ladies in their retreat into Arragon the which terrefied euery man He sent also to D. Pedro King of Arragon to complaine that he had receiued these Princesses and the children whereof he excused himselfe with good words Going from Burgos An. 1278. he past through the country of Leon and then tooke the way to Seuile being resolued to make warre against the Moores so as in the yeeere 1278. hee laied siege to Algezire where there was a small garrison of the Miralmumins of Affrike D. Pedro his sonne was chiefe at this siege but notwithstanding they prest it both by sea and land
had carried armes against him except his sonne D. Sancho In the beginning of a will of his made in Nouember 1283. he makes great complaints of his aduersities and doth much blame the kings of Portugall Arragon England the Pope and others Curse of the father vppon D. Sancho and his posterity who had fauoured D. Sancho cursing him and all his posteritie and leauing heires of his Soueraigne Realmes D. Alphonso and D. Fernand de la Cerde one in default of the other and if they dyed without issue he gaue them to Philip king of France and to his descendants He gaue many other Legacies to his other children to Churches and to his Officers and domestique seruants By another testament apart made in the yeare 1284. he ordained that his heart should be carried and interred on mount Caluarie in the citty of Ierusalem and his body in his citty of Seuile or Murcia in the which his Executors should please He dyed in the yeare 1284. and was buried at Seuile An. 1284. hauing raigned 31. yeares 10. moneths and 23. dayes This Prince was a president of the weaknesse and inconstancie of humane things not onely in the goods which they call of Fortune but also of those of the mind whereof he was as well furnished as any Prince that hath beene before or since him all which did him more harme then good for neither vertue knowledge honour nor riches auayle not if the blessing of God do not accompany them but they rather ruine a man And in truth this Prince may be tearmed miserable in all these things He was a great and mighty king but nothing did suffice him by reason of his prodigality and ill-measured bounty he was neuer sincerely beloued of his subiects by reason of his sower disposition and wilfulnes proceeding from too great a presumption of his knowledge so as hee did neuer beleeue any good counsell It was the fruite of his Philosophie the which had made him so ouerweening as he presumed to controule the Author of Nature saying That if he had bin present at the Creation of the world he should in many things haue beene of another opinion with other such speeches full of impietie By iudiciarie Astronomie whereunto he was giuen beyond all reason he had foreseene as he thought his aduentures the which made him affect the Imperiall dignitie where hee purchased more dishonour then euer any Prince This vanity made him cruell to his brother D. Frederick and other Noblemen to preuent the conspiracies which threatened him but could not auoid them the which he had done if leauing these diuinations hee had relyed wholly vpon the prouidence of God without any further search But it is the will of God the curious should haue this torment alwaies to feare their misfortune which they would know by damnable meanes giuing effect to vanity and to the spirit of error against those that follow it The Queene D. Beatrix his mother who it may be was superstitious and giuen to these impieties had neuer any contentment after his birth hauing vnderstood when hee was in his cradle from a Grecian who was a great Sorceresse that he should bee depriued of his Realmes The end of the twelfth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE THIRTEENTH BOOKE of the Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 Don Sancho the Braue the fourth of that name the eleuenth king of Castile and the 32. of Leon. 2 Warre betwixt the French and the Arragonois in the Counties of Rossillon and Cattelogne where as the king D. Pedro dyed 3 D. Alphonso the third of that name tenth king of Arragon who continued the warre against the French 4 Philip the Faire king of France husband to Ioane of Nauar began to raigne in Nauar. 5 Aduancement of D. Lopes Diaz de Haro preiudiciall both to the Realme of Castile and to himselfe 6 Acts and proceedings betwixt the Estates of Arragon and the King Don Alphonso the third 7 Treaties betwixt D. Alphonso king of Arragon and Charles the Haulting king of Naples prisoner and what succeeded 8 Quarrels in the Court of Castile and the death of D. Lopes Diaz de Haro 9 Deliuerie of the children of D. Fernand de la Cerde from prison in Arragon Don Alphonso de la Cerde declared king of Castile 10 Tumults at Badajos supprest 11 Family of Guzmans who are Dukes of Medina Sidonia 12 D. Iames the 2. of that name 11. King of Arragon 13 Peace betwixt the French and the Arragonois and the retention of the Iland of Sicily by D. Fredericke of Arragon brother to the king D. Iames contrarie to the Capitulations 14 Donation of the I le of Corsica and Sardinia to the king D. Iames of Arragon the second by Pope Boniface the eighth 15 D. Fernand the fourth of that name the twelfth king of Castile and the three and thirtith of Leon. 16 Iewish superstitions Conuersion of some Iewes to the Christian faith 17 Foundation of Bilboa in Biscay 18 Compromise betwixt the children of D. Fernand de la Cerde contending for the Realm of Castille and D. Fernand then raigning and betwixt the king of Arragon and him of Castile and the sentence giuen by the arbitrators 19 Lewis Hutin the 1. of that name 26. king of Nauarre 20 Translation of the Popes Court from Italy into France 21 Persecution of the Templers 22 Order of Christ in Portugall 23. Order of Monteça in Arragon 24 VVarre in Granado 25 Deeds of the Cattelans in Greece and Thrace after the wars of Sicily and Naples 26 Troubles at Lyons and in the Court of France 27 Discourse of the crosses which did accompany Philip the Faire as well in his raigne as in priuate affaires 28 D. Alphonso the 12. of that name 13. King of Castile 34. of Leon and the troubles which happened at his entrie 29 Papacie affected with murthers 30 Philip the long King of France 2. of that name 27. king of Nauarre 31 Exploits of the Castillans against the Moores the sodaine and strange death of D. Pedro and D Iohn Princes of Castile and troubles in that Realme 32 Perpetuall vnion of Arragon Cattelogne and Valencia 33 D. Iames the eldest sonne of Arragon quits the successsion of the Realme and becomes a rebellious man 34 Confirmation of the gift of Sardinia and Corsica to the house of Arragon by the Pope Conquest of Sardinia by the Infant D. Alphonso 35 Deedes of Denis King of Portugall Pietie of Queene Isabell his wife their buildings in Portugall 36 Troubles in Castille by the death of D. Mary the Queene mother 37 Maioritie of king D. Alphonso the twelfth of Castile 38 Estate of the Moores of Granado at that time Order of the Kings raigning in Spaine whereof mention is made in this 13. Booke CASTILE 11 D. Sancho 12 D. Fernand 13 D. Alphonso LEON 4-23 4-33 11-34 Some number him for the 12. ARRAGON 10 D. Alphonso 3. 11 D. Iames 2. NAVARRE 25 Philip the faire 1. 26 Lewis Hutin 1. 27 Philip
the towne of Carrion the weeke before Easter whether the Earle D. Lope Diaz came well accompanied he complained vnto him of the excesse which his sonne in law D. Iohn had done to whom the Earle answered proudly Speech audatious of the Earl D. Lope Diaz de Haro that hee had not done any thing but what he had aduised him and that if hee would heare the Infants reasons hee should goe to Vailledolit and hee would bring him to Cigales This proud manner of speech of the Earles seemed strange vnto the King and increased his desire to punish them both Notwithstanding he went to Vailledolit and the Earle with his sonne in law came to Cigales not daring to come in the Kings presence in any great towne There the Deputies of either part did confer dayly at a place called Loueruela whereas these iarres were somewhat reconciled wherevpon the King came towards the frontiers of Arragon to treat with the King D. Alphonso touching the deliuery of his Nephewes the sonnes of La Cerde whereof hee was much sollicited euen by the Earle D. Lope Diaz Notwithstanding before the King D. Sancho could approch nere to Tarassone where the King of Arragon was the Earle had preuented him who hauing spoken with the King of Arragon hee reported vnto his maister that he found by the way that the King of Arragon would not be pleased with this kinde of enterview and therefore hee had no need to passe any farther The Earle finding himselfe somewhat crost by the enterview of the King D. Sancho and him of Portugal did also thinke that this would bee nothing fauorable vnto him 6 As for D. Arragon Alphonso of Arragon whom we haue left carefull to execute the charge which the King his father had giuen him to dispossesse the King D. Iames his vncle of the Islands of Majorca and Minorca after the conquest thereof hee had brought backe his victorious army to Valencia and there was receiued and acknowledged for King by the Valentians Yet he was admonished by D. Bernard William Entenza and Symon of Vrrea Ambassadors for the Estates of Vrrea to come speedily to the assembly at Saragossa where hauing sworne and promised the obseruation of the customes rights and preuiledges of the country and receiued the oth of fealty from the deputies he might lawfully take vpon him the title of King of Arragon the which said they he might not vse before this act and ceremony according to the ancient customes of Arragon The King hauing giuen them audience at Moruiedro he answered them courteously that he would repaire thether with speed and as for the royal title he had held it reasonable to take it seeing he had beene so saluted by the Archbishop of Tarragone and by the Cattelans and Valentians Being come to Saragossa he tooke and receiued the oth and was crowned by the Bishop of Huesco in the absence of the Archbishop of Tarragone to whom by the Popes decree this office doth appertaine where he protested that he held the realme as hereditary from his father and was not bound to any At this assembly of the Estates which was in the yeere 1286. there grew great contention touching the reformation of the manners of courtiers and the ordering of the Kings house the noblemen and deputies of the Estates of Arragon maintayning that the knowledge thereof was incident to their charge the King and his houshold seruants on the other side denied that there was either law or custome which tied the King or his followers to any such subiection In the end it was concluded that the reformation of the court should bee made by Reformatiâ—â— of the King of Arragon house beâ—orâ—ged to the generall Estates twelue of the principal families which they cal in that country Mesnadas the like number of Knights foure Deputies of Saragossa and one of either of the other cities the which should giue their voices in that case This vnion of Arragon obtained a decree that the King should haue certaine councellors chosen that is foure of the chiefe Noblemen which were D. Pedro d' Aierbe the kings vncle Pedro Cornel Artal Alagon and Pedro Martines de Luna foure knights of noble and ancient races which were D. Fortun Sanches Vera Symon Perez Salanoua Symon Perez Vera and Arnaud de Castro and foure of his household seruants that is D. Gyles de Bedaure Roderigo Sanches Pomar Alphonso de Castel nouo and Fernand Perez Pigna Moreouer two knights for the realme of Valencia two citizens of Sarragossa and one of either of the other cities of Huesca of Tarassone Iacca Barbastro Calatajub Turol and Daroca with a condition that whilst the King should remaine in Arragon Ribagorça or Valencia two of the noblemen two of his houshold seruants two Knights of Arragon one of Valencia and the foure Deputies of the realme of Arragon should follow and reside in court as councellors appointed by the vnion the which by the mouth of D. Fortun Sancho de Vera Sancho Martines Laeunella and the Deputies of Saragossa Huesca and Turol who were sent to that end protested that if he did not receiue obserue and maintaine these orders they would seize vpon his reuenues and of all the fees offices and dignitles of such noblemen as should contradict them thus were the Kings of Arragon intreated in those times This yeere the King restored D. Philip de Gastro sonne to his vncle D. Fernand Sanches who as we haue sayd was cast into the riuer of Singa as wel to the possession of the Moores expelled out of Minâ—reâ— castle of Pomar as to the rest of his fathers patrimony and for that there were some remainders of Moores which stood out in the Island of Minorca the King soone after went thether with an army in person and clensed the whose country hauing forced them to fly into the castle of Agaic and to compound from whence according to the treaty they were transported into Affrike by D. Raymond Marquet and Berenger Majol In the meane time King D. Alphonso did sollicit the Pope by his Ambassadors to receiue him into fauour which the French did hinder for besides the rights pretended by Charles of Valois and granted to him by the Pope to the realme of Arragon and lands anexed which were interdict there was moreouer that not onely the two yong Princes D. Alphonso and D. Fernand de la Cerde were detained prisoners by the King of Arragon but also Charles called the Limping sonne and heire to Charles of Aniou King of Naples and Sicile for whose release Philip the father and sonne Kings of France had beene earnest solicitors and taken armes and euen at that instant Philip the faire did presse the Kings of Castille and Arragon and in regard of Charles the Limping Eâ—ward King of England did labour to make a peace betwixt him and the Kings of Arragon and Sicile brethren In the meane time there was continual warre in Italy whether Robert Earle of
warre done by him and for that he did no lesse loue learning then armes Eight and twenty daies before the death of the King Don Fernand dyed Donna Leonora Queene of Nauar his Aunt hauing beene married to King Charles her husband foureteene yeares she was buried in the Cathedrall church at Pampelona There was great mourning and heauinesse in Castile at the newes of King Fernands death Castille whose obsequies Queene Katherine caused to be celebrated with a pompe worthy of such a Prince and afterwards by the aduice of the Nobility shee tooke vppon her the sole gouernement of the realme and the tutelage of King Iohn her sonne whome shee gaue in guard to Don Iohn of Velasco D. Diego of Estuniga and to D. Sancho of Rojas Archbishop of Toledo whereat the Constable D. Ruy Lopes of Aualos D. Pedro Manrique and D. Alphonso Henriques grew very iealous whereupon there grew quarrels and troubles after the accustomed manner during the minoritie of Kings The Queene and the Councell did prolong the truce with the King of Granado for two yeares In yere 1417. Truce with Granado sending Lewis Gonçal of Luna 1417. Secretary of the Kings chamber to Granado to that end By this treatie the king of Granado set an hundred prisoners at libertie whose ransomes would haue mounted to a great summe of money D. Iohn Rodrigue of Castagneda Lord of Fouente Duegna and D. Inigo Ortiz of Estuniga sonne to Diego Lopes being in quarrell and demanding the combate the Queene would not grant it them in Castile but commanded them to retire into Granado Combats sheld not be allowed among Christians where as king Ioseph would giue them the field These Knights were put into the field by the Moorish king but he presently forbad them to fight declaring that they were both good Knights and reconciling them together he sent them home honored with Iewels and rich presents This hee did at the intreaty of the Queene-mother of Castile who had writ earnestly vnto him shewing therin to haue a mild and Christian-like heart For these combats are proofes of mad men which should not be suffered in the place of iustice seeing thereby all controuersies how great soeuer may be compounded and ended The Emperour Sigismond grieuing for the death of the king of Arragon Pope Benedict condemned by the Councell after that he had laboured in vaine to reconcile the kings of France and England who were continually in warre he passed to Constance whereas the Councell in the two and thirtith Session delcared Benedict to be periured contumacious a rebell Schismaticke and Hereticke depriuing him of his papacie which he had held almost two and thirty yeares yet he played the Pope still in Pegniscola but the Princes of Christendome in generall yeelded to the Councell notwithstanding Benedicts exclamations that seeing it was called without his authoritie Councel condemned by Pope Benedict it was not lawfull The Cardinals which were at Constance being two and twenty with thirty Electors deputed by the Councell did chuse Othon Colonne a Romane Cardinall of the title of Saint George in Velabro and named him Martin the fifth Benedict although he were abandoned by the Princes yet he continued still in his purpose keeping some Prelates vnder his obedience among which were the Cardinals Tholousa Rasan S. Angelo S. Eustace S. George and Montarragon the Archb. of Tarragone and the Bishops of Barcelona Vic Elne Girone Huesca and Tarrassone with many Abbots and other Clergimen who held him for true and lawfull Pope This yeare Iohn of Betancourt a knight of France by gift from Queene Catherine conquered the Ilands of the Canaries Conquest of the Canaries by Iohn of Betancourt and intitled himselfe King He could not take the great Canarie for all the Inhabitants of the Iland had retired themselues thither wherefore finding too great resistance he retired himselfe hauing built a fort in that of Lancerot from whence he did trafficke and drew profit form the neighbor places of lether tallow slaues and other such commodities he being dead one Menault succeeded him in whose time Pope Martin instituted an Episcopall sea in those Ilands to the which there was a certaine Monke called Friar Mendo aduanced but this king Menault hauing no great regard when there was question of profit to the soules health of the Ilanders he sold them indifferently as well the Pagans as those which had receiued Baptisme whereof the new Bishop did complaine to Queene Katherine Menault the 2 King of the Canariâ—s sels the Ilands to them of Seuile requiring her to free them of that Lord whereupon she sent Peter Barna de Campos with three ships of warre with whom Menault hauing long contended in the end by the Queenes sufferance he sold these Ilands to a Knight of Seuile called Fernando Peres in whose hands and his successors of Seuile they haue remained vnto the time of the king D. Fernand the 5. and of the Queen D. Izabella D. Diego Lopes of Estuniga Iustice maior of Castile hauing long serued King Henry the 3. Family of Estuniga comes out of Nauarre and Iohn now raigning dyed this yeare His house came out of Nauarre and was of the bloud royall as some Authors haue left in writing The yeare 1418. Queene Catherine dyed suddenly An. 1418. being fifty yeares old she was buried at Toledo in the chappell of the last kings By her death King Iohn was freed from tutors and there was a Councell established with the which he should gouerne his Realmes whose letters and expeditions should be signed on the back-side by two of his Councellors This yeare there came ambassadors to him from France to demand ayde against the English to whom they gaue hope of an army at Sea The king of Portugal did also send to confirm a perpetuall peace betwixt Castile and Portugall but there was nothing concluded at that time The English proclaimed warre against Castile whereupon the truce with Granado was prolonged for two yeares King Iohn beeing at Medina del campo was betrothed to D. Maria of Arragon his cousin daughter to the deceased king D. Fernand then hee held a Parlament when for his new accord of marriage they granted him a great subuention The same yeare mention is made of the death of Friar Vincent Ferrier of Valencia afterwards canonized a Saint by Pope Calixtus who was also of Valencia Hee that most gouerned the king at that time entring into his maioritie was Don Sancho of Rojas Arch-bishop of Toledo whereat they did murmure from which time the Estate of Castile was very turbulent The Guipuscoans and Biscayens fell to theeuing at sea without any subiect of warre euen vppon the coast of Brittany whereof D. Iohn then liuing complayned much by his ambassadours to the King of Castile who desirous to liue in peace with Christian Princes sent Fernando Peres of Ayala Gouernour of Guipuscoa to bee an arbitrator Hee with another chosen by the Duke of
the first session they were so mockt by the people receiued so many indignities as they were forced to transferre the councell of Pisa to Milan where they had neither more honor nor better vsage notwithstanding that they were in the French kings dominion where they held their second session the Cardinall of Saint Croix a Spaniard being president where they attended the prelates of Germany and the Emperors embassadors in vaine but they wanted not excuses These seeds of warre being cast among christians Order of the conception of Nunnes Pope Iulio doing his duâ—ty in matters of religion he confirmed the new order of the conception of Nunnes instituted in the citie of Toledo some yeares before by one of the ladies of Queene Isabell who was second wife to king Iohn the 2 her name was D. Beatrix de Silua of Portugal who being suspected by her mistresse for that by reason of her great beauty many courted her and there grew dailie quarrels among the courtiers she was put in prison where being kept three daies in teares and heauines without bread or drinke shee was moued to make a vow of chastity and for this cause they say the virgin Mary appeared vnto her in the habit which the Nunnes doe now weare that is a blew cloake and a white hood and did comfort her Being out of prison and going to Toledo with an intent to be a religious woman there appeared two Franciscane friers vnto her which sight made her think that they were sent to coÌ„fesse her then she shold be put to death but these fathers told her that she should be the mother of many daughters declaring vnto her the spirituall vnderstaÌ„ding of it that it should be of many religious women then they vanished wherfore she going on her way being come to Toledo she put herselfe into the monasterie of religious women of S. Dominike the royal where she remained 30 yeres in a secular habit liuing holily afterwards she remoued with 12 nuns to a place where now S. Foy is which in former times was called the palace of galiena being desirous to institute an order in honor of the virgin Mary and there she remained with her company by the permission of the queen D. Isabella wife to the king D. Ferdinand now raigning vntill that the habit was confirmed vnto them by Pope Innocent the eight the office of the conception vnder the rule of Cristeaux without any other new order in the which hauing coÌ„tinued some time they ioyned with the Nunnes of Saint Peter de las Duegnas of the order of Saint Benet making a medley of the rules of the Benedictins Bernardines vntill that Cardinall Francis Ximenes then prouinciall of the Franciscans and generall reformer in Spaine made them to leaue the rules of Saint Bennet and Saint Bernard and to take the habit and the Office of the conception vnder the rule of Saint Clare putting them into the monasterie which at this day is called of the Conception which was woont to bee the conuent of Franciscane Friers transported by reason of them to S. Iohn des Rois. There this yere 1511 Pope Iulio confirmed them in their own rule and order of the conception leauing that of S. Clare This yere all the coast of Affrike was terrified vpon the brute of the great preparation which had been made in Spain to inuade them The king of Tremessen sent his embassadors to king Ferdinand to offer him vassalage and a tribute of 13000 double ducats of gold payable in the citie of Oran In Spain there died D. Beatrix of Bouadilla Marquesse of Moya and soone after her husband D. Andrew de Cabrera The yeare one thousand fiue hundred and twelue following king Ferdinand hauing vndertaken the Popes defence hee commanded D. Raymond of Cardoua viceroy of Naples appointed generall of the holy league to ioyne his forces with the Popes and Venetians the which was done at Imola where they made the body of the army in the which was Legate for the Pope Cardinall Iohn of Medicis of the title of Sancta Maria in Dominica Theseforces entring into Lombardie in a manner all that the duke of Ferrara held on this side Po yeelded vnto the league without any force but La Bastie which the earle 〈◊〉 Nauarro tooke and then they camped before Bolonia but Gaston of Foix duke of Nemours a gallant young nobleman comming to releâ—ue it the army of the league was forced to retyre to Imola On the other side the Venetians tooke Bresse but not the Castle and Bergamo with other places were yeelded vnto them but the duke of Nemours comming to succour the castle of Bresâ—e hee encountred Iohn Paul Bâ—illon vpon the way with part of the Venetian army and put them to rout and then hee entred the towne and put eight thousand Venetians and inhabitants to the sword Exploits of Gaston of Foix. hee tooke Andrew Gritti their commander prisoner with Anthonie Iustinien and other men of great quality and soone after recouered Bergamo and all the places which the Venetians had taken In the meane time king Ferdinand prepared a fleet in the ports of Biscaye and Guipuscoa to assaile France vpon the coast of Guienne hauing induced the king of England to reuiue the old quarrell who at the persuasion of the Popes embassador had made an assemblie of the Prelates of his realme and promised to send to the Councell of Latran and for a greater demonstration of his hatred hee caused the French embassadors which did reside in his court to dislodge 25 During these troubles Nauarre the king D. Iohn and the Queene D. Catherine of Nauarre his wife did enioy their realme in peace since the expulsion of the earle of Lerin the Constable and of Lewis of Beaumont his sonne with others of that faction then all their care was to restore it to the ancient estate and the places reunited which were disstracted and held by the king of Castille for the which and to demaund other rights which they pretended they had sent many embassadors to king Ferdinand who had returned with good hope to obtaine what they demanded or the greater part wherefore they sent againe doctor Iohn of Iassu Seigniour of Pauierre Ladron of Monleon and the Protonotarie Martin of Iaureguisar who were of the councel with ample instructions to capitulate compound and end all their pretentions in this form That they should intreat the king of Arragon Embassage of Nauarre to king Ferdinand Regent of Castille that if he made any accord with the French king the kings of Nauarre might be comprehended That the embassadors should make great instance to king Ferdinand that the townes of Saint Vincent Sos Arcos Garde and Bernedo and moreouer the places of Sosierra held by him and the crowne of Castille might bee restored vnto them according vnto the will of the deceased Queene D. Isabella at her death as places belonging to the Crowne of Nauarre That in like maner
Ferdinands embassadour vsed great diligence Pope Iulio had cast himselfe into the Florentines armes who were friends and allies to the French king to obtaine some good conditions of peace by their meanes but being better informed of the whole successe by Iulio de Medicis who was afterwards cardinall and then Pope Clement the seuenth he changed his resolution and continued the warre being incouraged by the descent of the Suisses into Italiâ— to defend the Church of Rome At that time began the first session of the Councel of Latran that of Milan being so ridiculous as the cardinall Iohn of Medicis a prisoner hauing ample authoritie from the Pope gaue dispensations absolued from censures and did all acts of an Apostolike Legat with a great concourse of people before the cardinals and prelates of the opposite Councell the which the gouernours of Milan for the French king did not contradict King Lewis fearing to be assailed in Fraunce by the forces of Spaine and England and and the Suisses being incensed against him Victorie of Rauenna vnprofitable for the French hauing passed the Alpes with the cardinall of Sion the Popes Legat the Emperour Maximilian hauing also called home all the Germans that serued the French prest with many difficulties he was forced to yeeld the field to the enemie and after that he had sought an accord in vaine to abandon the estate of Milan and to retire his forces into France and to defend his owne The cardinals of the Councell of Pisa retired Bolonia and in a manner all other places were recouered Genoa obtained her libertie and Iohn Fregoso was chosen duke so as the French king had nothing remaining in Lombardie but the castle of Milan that of Cremona Bresse Crema Lignago the Lanterne of Genoa and Castellet 28 Thus Pope Iulio seeing his affaires so succesfull Popes fulminations against K. Lewis the xiâ— began to thunder out his spirituall censures and fulminations against K. Lewis causing him to be declared by a decree of the Councell of Latran an heretike and schismatike depriuing him for that cause of all honour and royall dignitie yea of the name of Most Christian which had beene so long affected to the kings of Fraunce which title he would transferre to the kings of England And on the other side he did honour the king D. Ferdinand with the title of Catholike the which the kings of Spaine carrie at this day vnder colour of the happie warres which he had made and ended against the Moores which had vsurped the prouinces in Spaine and other Infidels but being chiefly mooued by the good offices which he had done for him and the See of Rome opposing himselfe at that time against the French and the Councell of Pisa and fauouring the designes of Pope Iulio which were to prejudice the Crowne of France whereof letters and Apostolike briefes were presented vnto king Ferdinand being in the citie of Burgos in the yeare 1512. The realme of France was not so easie to be swallowed vp as that of Nauarre Nauarre which was inuaded by the duke of Alua king Iohn and queene Katherine being at Pampelone and the Castillan armie within eight leagues of them they were so vnprouided of all meanes to make resistance King Iohn of Albret forced to retire into France as king Iohn could take no better resolution then to abandon the realme and retire himselfe into Fraunce The inhabitants of Pampelone seeing themselues forsaken demaunded of him That seeing he left them what his pleasure was they should doe Defend your selues said he as well as you can and if you cannot make it good yeeld vnto king Ferdinand vpon some good conditions for I will take good order that he shall not long enjoy Nauarre Queene Katherine found it strange that the king her husband should so soone abandon his realme before that the armie of Castille had done any notable exploit but whether it were feare or distrust that he had of them of Pampelone who he knew were affected to the earle of Lerin and to the faction of Beaumont he left it notwithstanding all her reasons and persuasions on the two and twentieth of Iulie this yeare 1512 saying That he had rather liue in woods and mountaines than to be a prisoner in his owne countrey His retreat was by the vallie of Baztan and the castle of Moya and so went to the Court of France leauing the queene his wife at Pampelone who hauing stayed there but two dayes after him followed him with prince Henrie her sonne and three daughters and hauing ouertaken him among other speeches ful of bitternesse Speech of Q. Katherine to the king her husbaÌ„d she said vnto him O King you shall remaine Iohn of Albret and neuer thinke more of the realme of Nauarre for that hauing beene superflâ—ously good you haue beene the lesse esteemed of your subiects and haue vndone your selfe and your realme D. Pedro the marshall of the realme parted with these princes and many other knights of the faction of Gramont Facâ—ioÌ„ of Beaumont in the Court of Nauarre D. Lewis of Beaumont earle of Lerin had such intelligences in the Court and throughout the realme of Nauarre as hee had particular aduise of all that was done whereof he aduertised the duke of Alua who marching before came and camped within two leagues of Pampelone hauing in his armie six thousand foot a thousand men at armes and fifteene hundred light horse Castillans besides the supplies of Beaumont their friends kinsfolkes and partisans Then the inhabitants of Pampelone sent forth vnto the duke requiring that they might be receiued vpon certaine lawes and conditions for they had no power to defend themselues nor it may be will To whom answer was made by the duke That it was for the vanquisher to prescribe lawes vnto the vanquished wherefore they should resolue to yeeld themselues freely into his hands or to attend all the miseries and calamities which are vsually felt in the expugnation of townes by reason whereof he restrained their demaunds to the obseruation of their auncient priuiledges and liberties the which was granted them and moreouer some prouisions for the present estate Articles vpon the yeelding of Pampelone to the duke of Alua. Among these articles that were agreed vpon the chiefe of them were these 1 That the duke of Alua should from thenceforth be patron and mediator for the inhabitants of Pampelone in the demaunds and requests which they should make vnto the kings D. Ferdinand and D. Ioane for all matters either honourable or profitable 2 That such as should remaine vassals or seruants to the kings of Castille should be maintained in their goods and estates fees rents and pensions whatsoeuer which they had beene accustomed to receiue from precedent kings And to such as meant to retire themselues such things should not be payed but to the day of the yeelding vp of the citie 3 That the kings receiuors should gather vp the rents reuenues imposts and
the affaires of Italie and did still hold the castles of Milan and Cremona at the same time when as a truce was accorded betwixt king Lewis and king Ferdinand 〈◊〉 betwixt â—rance and Spaine for a yere to the great discontent of the king of England who was readie to enter into France and attended to be assisted by the Spanish armie by reason whereof the French king did deferre the recouerie of the realme of Nauarre for a time to the which he was greatly solicited by the dispossessed kings Iohn and Katherine Which truce the French king had much desired to assure his realme on that side being aduertised that the king of England made great preparation to assaile him being still prest thereunto by Pope Iulio 1513 who conceiuing great and pernitious enterprises in his mind died at Rome in Februarie Death of Pope Iulio in the yeare 1513. By his death the duke of Ferrara was freed from great care and feare who embracing the occasion recouered some places in Romania and had taken more if the Viceroyes armie had not stopt him being lodged betwixt Regio and Plaisance through the fauour whereof Parma and Plaisance came into the hands of Maximilian Sforce the new duke of Milan The cardinals being assembled Pope Leo chosen they did chuse Iohn de Medicis cardinall of Sancta Maria in Dominica for Pope and called him Leo the tenth The Viceroy being aduertised of the truce betwixt Fraunce and Spaine he began to resolue vpon his retreat to Naples sending for the garrisons which were in Tortona and Alexandria and causing the armie to march towards the riuer of Trebia hauing with him twelue hundred men at armes and eight thousand foot all choyce souldiers the which did much terrifie the Milanois and their duke knowing that the French king made great leuies of men to recouer that estate and fearing that the Suisses who were all their hope would not be able to defend them if the French armie did presse them on the one side and the Venetians on the other wherefore at their intreatie and the Popes intercession the Viceroy and the Spanish armie stayed and held the warre in suspence The truce which the two great kings had made Nauarre assured king Ferdinands conquest of Nauarre the noblemen and Estates of which realme after the retreat of the French from before Pampelone deputed the constable D. Lewis of Beaumont earle of Lerin to take the oath of fealtie and homage as to their king And the duke of Alua being returned into Castille Diego Fernandes of Cordoua Viceroy of Nauarre there remained Viceroy of Nauarre in his place D. Diego Fernandes of Cordoua marquesse of Comares 4 The great prosperities of D. Ferdinand king of Arragon Regent of Castille were accompanied with some griefe Castille for that he had no lawfull issue male but queene Germain his second wife by whom he had no children was more perplexed for her owne interest who by a womanish affection sought curiously for all deuices to conceiue thinking by art and humane helpes to obtaine that which comes from the meere bountie and blessing of God Wherefore it happened this yeare it is not knowne by whose aduice that Drinke giuen to king Ferdinand by the â—â—his wife with the kings consent the queene her selfe D. Maria of Velasco wife to D. Iohn of Velasco superintendent of the treasure and D. Isabella Faure made a drinke or broth for the king to giue him force and vigour But he had no sooner taken it but he found nature toucht with an incurable infirmitie whereof he languished continually and in the end dyed This was done at Carroncillo whither the king was come to desport himselfe with the ladies And it is not credible that they did present him this potion to any other end but to quicken him in Venus sports for all the queenes happinesse and greatnesse depended vpon the kings life Hee was like to haue dyed of this drinke in the monasterie of Mejorado but beeing somewhat recouered by physicke hee came to Vailledolit to an assemblie of the Estate where hee dispatcht many affaires 5 The French king in the meane time had in a manner dispossest Maximilian Sforce of all his duchie of Milan Defeat of the French at Nouarâ— by the Suisses he had onely remaining Como and Nouara Into the last he had put himselfe with many ensignes of Suisses and was besieged by the French where followed that memorable sallie of colonell Mottâ—n and his Suisses and the defeat of the French with great slaughter and the losse of their artillerie as you may read at large in that historie whereupon the French repast the Alpes And on the other side D. Raymond of Cardone Viceroy of Naples being with his armie vpon the passage of the riuer of Pau opposite to the Venetian armie led by Bartholmew of Aluiano who hauing newes of this rout of the French retired for feare to Ponte Vico and from thence to Tomba neere to the riuer of Thesin The Viceroy suffering them to passe busied himselfe about the reduction of Genoua which the French had deliuered into the hands of Adornes and their factions sending at the instance of Iohn and Octauia Fregose three thousand Spaniards thither led by the marquesse of Pescare himselfe following with the rest of the armie Wherewith the French and the Adornâ—s their partisans being amazed they left the citie and Octauia Fregose was made duke In the meane time Aluiano tooke Lignago by the means of Iohn Paul Baillon who slue most of the Spaniards and Germans that were there in garrison He also attempted Verona in vaine All which did much incense the Viceroy of Naples who passing the Pau with his armie did soone take Bergamo Pescare and Bresse Aluiano flying before him who hauing diuided his armie into garrisons put himselfe into Padoua Pope Leo at his first aduancement trying by the best meanes he could to dissolue the Councell of Pisa he then receiued into grace D. Bernardin of Caruajal cardinall of Saint Croix and Frederic of Saint Seuerin deposed from their dignities of cardinalls and depriued of their reuenues and benefices by Pope Iulio and the Councell of Latran These two hauing stayed a while at Florence by the Popes commaundement like priuat men they came by his permission to Rome where they entred by night and the next day they presented themselues vnto the Consistorie in all humilitie where vpon their knees Câ—rdinals receiued into grace they acknowledged their faults and demaunded pardon the which they obtained approuing the decrees of the Councell of Latran and the election of the present Pope and confessing their deposition to haue beene just and that the Councell of Pisa was false and abhominable whereupon they were absolued and went and embraced all the cardinals in their rankes who moued not from their places after which they put on their cardinals weeds and sat in their vsuall places and although they did not recouer
and bad impressions lightly receiued and especially how they stray dangerously from the dutie which they owe to God and nature when they enterlace religion with their human policies to countenance their actions Whilst the duke of Alua seeks to afflict the towns of the low countries by strange intollerable impositions exacting the tenth penie of all marchandise that was sold and the twentieth penie of euery mans estate He began to quarrell with the Queene of England Quarrell betwixt the duke of Alba and the English pretending that shee had staied a great summe of money which was sent by sea out of Spaine into the Lowe Countries the which said the Duke did belong vnto the King of Spaine his master whom she should intreat with all brotherly loue Whereunto the Queene answered that shee was duely informed the said money did belong to certaine Merchants of Genoua and hauing then occasion to vse it shee would staie it for a time and pay them reasonable interest Despes Embassadour in England for the Catholike King made great instance for this money Englishmen and their goods arrested in the Lowe Countries and Spaine but he could get no other answer Whereupon the Duke of Alba did presently arrest all the English merchants with their shippes and goods that were at Antwerp or within his gouernment Whereupon all commerce was broken betwixt the king of Spaines subiects and the English who left the trade to Antwerp and carried their goods to Hamborough The Queene of England published a declaration of her proceeding in this businesse complaining that the Duke of Alba had dealt vniustly with her and her subiects but all this could not procure any restitution for the English Merchants who had letters of reprisall granted them against king Philips subiects to recouer the losses which they had sustained by these arrests both in Spaine and the Lowe Countries The English Merchants became men of warre and so many went to sea some with a desire of gaine and others with hope to recouer what they had lost as not a shippe could passe betwixt Spaine and the Lowe Countries to the ruine of many poore men wherof great complaints came to the Court of Spaine The Duke of Alba seeing what a breach he had made betwixt those two States to the preiudice of his masters subiects seeking to repaire the errour which he had committed Queen of England refuseth to heare the duke of Albas Embassador he sent Christopher d'Assonuille a Counseller of Estate to the Queene of England to reconcile this quarrell but shee refused to heare him vnlesse he came from the king his master and had letters of credit signed with his owne hand but comming from the Duke of Alba her Maiestie sent him to treat with her Councell which hee hauing no warrant to doe returned without audience Yet shee let him vnderstand that although shee found her selfe much wronged shee would not take Armes vnlesse the Duke of Alba began The like shee wrot to the king of Spaine complaining of the Duke of Alba's presumption Soone after the Duke sent Chiapin Vitelli Marquis of Cetone with some others to demand the money and to free all arrests of either side but they effected not any thing whereupon the Duke sold all the English mens goods that were vnder arrest These were the seeds of warre betwixt the two Princes which continued vnto their deaths to the ruine of many of their subiects especially Spaniards and Portugals The Princes of Germanie hearing what cruelties and spoiles the duke of Alba and his Spaniards committed in the Lowe Countries they prest the Emperour Maximilian to deale in those matters betwixt the king and his subiects there yea to take knowledge thereof as Emperour saying that without doubt the Prouinces which are beyond the riuer of Escaut towards the East were of the Imperiall Iurisdiction as those that are on this side were of the soueraigntie of France But the Emperour did not thinke it fit to vse his Imperiall authority but prayers and intercessions Whereupon he sent the Archduke Charles his brother into Spaine Charles Archduke of Austria sent into Spaine vpon colour to aske the king of Spaines aduice for the mariage of his two daughters and withall hee had giuen him ample instructions to treat with him touching the affaires of his Netherlands and to intreat him by all faire meanes to grant a generall pardon to his people there and to call home the duke of Alba and his Spaniards assuring him that in so doing he should be obeyed but if he did persist in that cruell persecution they would be releeued both with men and money from Germanie the which he could not preuent The Archduke came to Genoua where he imbarkt in the duke of Sauoys gallies and was receiued by the king of Spaine with great honour Treatise of mariage his embassage was very pleasing touching that which concerned the mariages of his two neeces for he found the king disposed to marrie the elder the which had bin appointed for the vnfortunate Prince D. Charles his sonne And as for the second which the Emperour desired to match with the king of Portugall who was yet very yong hee had a promise from king Philip to imploy himselfe to haue the French king marrie her although he had alreadie demanded the other and they were entred into treatie by the means of the Cardinalles of Guise and Espinosa But as for the affaires of the Netherlands the Archduke could not obtaine anie thing in fauor of them that were banished nor of the poore prouinces afflicted For making relation vnto him of the speeches held by the Princes Electors to the Emperor and that they pretended he had a right of protection ouer those people and that hee should make himselfe iudge of their quarrels as depending of the Empire it did much incense the king who answered that the Germanes were much deceiued in their conceptions in that regard and that he had sufficient right and power to shew that he was a soueraign Prince and did not acknowledge any other superior on earth He knew well that the duke of Alba had vsed some excesse but he was woont to say that he had rather loose all those Prouinces with others than to haue rebellious subiects especially in matters which concerned religion Thus the Archduke was dismist hauing receiued a present of 100000 crownes to helpe him to furnish his frontier places against the Turke with many iewels of price And he had commission when hee came into Germanie to doe the ceremonies of their contracting in his name with his future Spouse Returning by Italie he did visit his sisters and neeces the duchesses of Ferrara Florence and Montoua and then he came vnto the Emperour to giue him an account of his negotiation with king Philip whom hee had left ingaged in a warre against the Moores of Granado almost as difficult as that of the Netherlands Wee haue formerly made mention of the discontents of
Arthois had beene sent who with the aduise of a Cardinal the Popes Legat and Mary Princesse of Salerne wife vnto Charles who was prisoner gouerned the realme of Naples They were then vpon termes of a good accord when as these Gouernors hauing sent a great army into Sicile vnder the command of Renaud del Balso Earle of Auellin tooke the towne of Cattanea whereof king D. Alphonso being aduertised he sent backe Roger de Loria Admiral of Sicile to succor and defend his brothers country The Earle of Auellin hauing made this prize hee sent the galleys which had transported his army backe to Naples to bring the rest of his troupes which were yet on land and at the same instant Guy of Montfort Earle of Languillare with the Earles of Boullen and Flanders hauing leauied men in Tuscany were ready to imbarke vpon the bankes of Sienna when as Roger de Loria the Admiral arriued in the Italian seas who hauing descouered the fleet which went to transport the souldiars at Naples hee pursued them and tooke them easily hauing none to make any defence and soone after hee espied about sixty gallies sayling towards Sicile which was the army of those French Noblemen aboue named which had imbarqued in Tuscany whose Admiral was called Arrighin a Geneuois Roger charged them courragiously and put them to rout without any great difficulty for the souldiars in the French fleete could fight better at land then at sea the Commanders were taken all which paied their ransoms except the Earle of Montfort who was detained prisoner and there died These two victories were the recouery of Cattanea the which was yeelded to the Arragonois by the Earle of Auellin who with his compagnions returned with their bag and baggage to Naples By this meanes the treaty of peace which Edward made was broken but he desisted not vntil he had drawne them to those conditions That Charles should be set at liberty paying twenty thousand or as some say thirty thousand markes of siluer for his ransome That he should procure the Pope to inuest King Iames in the realme of Naples Conditions of peace betwixt the King of Arragon and Naples prisoner that he should take away the Interdict and absolue the two brethren of Arragon and that he should be a meanes to make Charles Earle of Valois quit the interest he pretended in Catalogne by vertue of a donation made vnto him by Pope Martin for the execution whereof hee should haue three yeeres time and in case he could not performe them hee should returne againe to prison for assurance whereof hee should giue his three sonnes Lewis Robert and Iohn in hostage with forty gentlemen of the county of Prouence The which Charles hauing promised and the hostages deliuered he was released foure yeeres after his taking He came into France and labored in vaine with Charles of Valois Charles of Valois wil not yeeld vp his right to Cattelogne who would neuer relinguish the title hee had to Cattelogne Pope Nicholas also would not yeeld vnto that which Charles had promised touching the realme of Sicile the which hee sayd was a fee belonging to the church wherefore he past speedily into Italy with good troupes of men led by Emery of Narbone Being in Tuscany he spent some time to fauour the Guelphes party against the Gibilins the which were two frantike factions afflicting Italy since the dissention betwixt the Popes and Emperor Frederic continued among the Italians without subiect or sence with horrible examples of Impiety and inhumanity The French which delt in these quarrels held the Guelphes faction Charles beeing come to Rome Pope Nicholas the fourth crowned him in the yeere of our Lord 1289. King of both Siciles from the which he could not be disswaded An. 1289. wherewith they Arragonois held themselues much wronged and fell to armes more violently then before Suritez affirmes that this yeere King Charles the Limping came and presented himselfe armed betwixt the valley of Ionquera and the hill of Panizaçe making a shew as if he came to yeeld himselfe to the King of Arragon according to the treaty and that hee returned sodainely to Perpignan The Calabrois neighbours to Sicile were daily sollicited to reuolt the which the Inhabitants of the Cathenzan did who gaue themselues to King Iames wherevpon king Charles beeing accompanied by the Earle of Artois led an army thether to succor which place king Iames beeing come with his Admiral and hauing landed his men hee was incountred and defeated by the French and forced to saue himselfe in his galleies yet without any great losse wherefore the Arragonois desiring to diuert this siege they sailed towards Gayete where hauing seized vpon a hill neere vnto it they gaue many assaults but without any effect King Charles and the Earle of Arthois leauing sufficient troupes to entertaine the siege of Cathenzan marched towards Gayete being resolued to giue battaile to the Arragonois but they kept themselues from fighting beeing lodged in a place of aduantage and neere vnto their galleys There was a mediation for a true betwixt the two kings and the realmes of Sicile Truce for fiue yeeres betwixt the French and Arragonoiz and Naples the which king Charles yeelded vnto for fiue yeeres against the aduice of the Earle of Arthois who held the victory in his hand assuring himselfe to force the enemy to fight wherevpon hee grew much discontented and leauing Italy returned into France with his troupes vpon this truce Cathenzan was yeelded This first conquest which the kings of Arragon made out of Spaine was the cause of great broyles warre and ruines in Christendome for which they chiefely smarted whereof the Popes were the subiect as they stood well or ill affected to those Princes of whose miseries and of their ruines they were secure spectators beeing defended from all daunger through the opinion of their holinesse and authority At the death of Pope Martin his successour Honorius the fourth had setled and confirmed D. Iames of Arragon and absolued the King D. Pedro but Pope Nicholas the fourth malitiously and without any feare of the shedding of Christians bloud did kindle a new warre betwixt the French and Arragonois whereas hee would not crowne Charles King of Naples alone but of Naples and Sicile together D. Iames of Arragon holding Sicile at that time at his coronation he tooke the armes which the realme hath since carried which are in Eagle sable in a field argent the which Manfroy was wont to beare and the bends geules in a field Or of Barcelona 8 The King of Castille being sollicited Castille and much troubled to resolue vpon the deliuery of his Nephewes of Cerde detained in Arragon and to recompence them in such sort as his soueraignty might remaine entire and peceable to him and his successours hee sent to that end Ambassadors to Philip the faire King of France beeing at Lions but what they could not then effect by treaties and negotiations