Russia to Boghar in Bactria Anno 1558. 324. 24 The voyage of M. Anthony Ienkinson through Russia and ouer the Caspian sea into Persia Anno 1561. 343. 25 The voyage of Thomas Alcock George Wrenne and Richard Cheyney seruants vnto the Company of Moscouy Merchants in London into Persia Anno 1563. 353. 26 The voyage of Richard Iohnson Alexander Kitchin and Arthur Edwards seruants to the foresaid company into Persia Anno 1565. 354. 27 The voyage of Thomas Southam and Iohn Sparke by land and riuer from Colmogro to Nouogrod in Russia Anno 1566. 365. 28 The voyage of M. Anthony Ienkinson into Russia the third time Anno 1566. 372. 29 The voyage of Arthur Edwards Agent for the Moscouy company Iohn Sparke Laurence Chapman Christopher Faucet and Richard Pingle seruants into Persia An. 1568. 389. 30 The voyage of Thomas Banister and Geffrey Ducket Agents for the Moscouy Company into Persia the fift time Anno 1569. 394. 31 The voyage of William Burrough Captaine of 13. English ships to the Narue in Liefland Anno 1570. 401. 32 The voyage of M. Anthony Ienkinson into Russia the fourth time Anno 1571. 402. 33 The voyage of Christopher Burrough into Persia the sixt time Anno 1579. 419. 34 The voyage of Arthur Pet and Charles Iackman sent to discouer the Northeast seas beyond the Iland of Vaigats Anno 1580. 445. 35 The voyage of Master Ierome Horsey ouer land from Mosco in Russia to England Anno 1584. 469,470 36 A voyage to the Northeast performed by certaine Russes and translated out of Sigismundus ab Herberstein 492. 37 A voyage to Sibier and the Riuer of Ob by land declared in a letter written to Gerardus Mercator 510,511 512. 38 The vanquishing of the Spanish Armada Anno 1588. 591. 39 The honourable voyage to Cadiz Anno 1596. 607. ¶ The Ambassages Treatises Priuiledges Letters and other obseruations depending vpon the Voyages of this first Volume 1 TWo testimonies of Galfridus Monumetensis in his history of the Kings of Brittaine concerning the conquests of King Arthur pagina 1. 2 A testimony of M. Lambard in his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 touching the right and appendances of the Crowne of the kingdome of Britaine pag. 2. 3 A Chronicle of the Kings of Man taken out of M. Camdens Chorographie 10. 4 The ancient state of the shipping of the Cinque Ports 17. 5 Libellus historicus Iohannis de Plano Carpini 21. 6 Part of the great Charter graunted by King Edward the first to the Barons of the Cinque Ports 117. 7 The rolle of the huge Fleete of Edward the thirde before Caleis 118. 8 The summe of expences layde out in the siege of Caleis 121. 9 A note of Thomas Walsingham touching King Edward the thirde his huge Fleete of 1100. ships wherewith he passed ouer vnto Caleis Anno 1359. 121. 10 Certaine verses of Geffrey Chaucer concerning the long Voyages and valiant exploits of the English knights in his dayes 124. 11 A testimonie out of Cornelius Tacitus prouing London to haue bene a famous Mart-towne in the raigne of Nero the Emperour 124. 12 A testimony out of venerable Beda proouing London to haue bene a Citie of great traffique in his time 125. 13 The league betweene Carolus Magnus and Offa King of Mercia concerning the safe trade of English Merchants 125. 14 An ancient testimony translated out of the olde Saxon Lawes conteyning the aduancement of Merchants for their thrice crossing the wide seas 120. 15 A testimony of certaine Priuileges obteined for the English and Danish Merchants by Canutus the King of England 126. 16 The flourâ—shing state of Merchandise in the City of London in the dayes of Wilhelmus Malmesburiensis 227. 17 A testimony of the said Wil. of Malmesbury concerning traffique to Bristow in his time 127. 18 The league betweene Henry the second and Frederick Barbarossa Emperour of Germany partly touching trade of Merchandise 128. 19 A generall safe conduct granted by King Iohn to all forreine Merchants 129. 20 The letters of King Henry the thirdâ— vnto Haquinus king of Norwey 129,130 21 A mandate for the king of Norway his ship called The Cog. 130. 22 A Charter granted for the behalfe of the Merchants of Colen in the 20. yeere of Henry the thirde 131. 23 The Charter of Lubeck granted for seuen yeeres in the time of Henry the third 131,132 24 A Charter of the Merchants of Almaine or the Stilyard-merchants 132. 25 A mandate of King Edward the first concerning outlandish Merchants 133. 26 King Edw. the first his great Charter granted to forreine Merchants Anno Dom. 1303. 133. 27 The letters of Edward the second vnto Haquinus King of Norway concerning certain English Merchants arrested in Norway 138. 28 Another letter of Edw. the second vnto the said Haquinus for the merchants aforesaid 139. 29 A third letter of King Edward the second to the said Haquinus in the behalfe of our English merchants 140. 30 An Ordinance for the Staple to be holden at one certaine place 142,143 31 A Catalogue of the great Masters of Prussia 144. 32 The Oration or speach of the Ambassadours sent from Conradus de Zolner Master generall of the land of Prussia vnto Richard the second king of England 148. 33 An agreement made by the Ambassadours of England and Prussia confirmed by king Richard the second 150. 34 The letters of Conradus de Iungingen Master generall of Prussia vnto Rich. the second 153. 35 A briefe relation of William Esturmy and Iohn Kington concerning their Ambassages into Prussia and to the Hans-townes 154. 36 Certaine Articles of complaint exhibited by the Liuonians 156. 37 Other complaints exhibited by the Cities of the Hans 156. 38 Compositions and Ordinances concluded betweene the Ambassadours of Prussia and the Chanceller and Treasurer of England Anno 1403. 157. 39 The letters of the Chanceller and Treasurer of England vnto Conradus de Iungingen master generall of Prussia 158. 40 The letters of king Henry the fourth vnto Conradus de Iungingen the master generall of Prussia for entercourse of traffique 159. 41 The letters of Conradus de Iungingen vnto king Henry the fourth 160. 42 An agreement made betweene king Henry the fourth and Conradus de Iungingen 161. 43 An agreement betweene king Henry the fourth and the Hans-townes 164. 44 A testimonie out of Albertus Krantzius concerning the surprise of Bergen in Norway wherein 21. houses of the English merchants were burnt 169. 45 The grieuances and offences whereat the merchants of the Hans found themselues agrieued 171. 46 A letter of Henry the fourth king of England vnto Conradus de Iungingen Master generall of Prussia 175. 47 A letter of Werneherus de Tettingen commander in Elbing vnto sir William Sturmy Ambassadour vnto king Henry the fourth Together with an other letter of king Henry the fourth vnto Vlricus de Iungingen master of Prussia 176. 48 The letters of Vlricus de Iungingen master generall of Prussia signifying vnto king Henry the 4. that he was contented
THe summe of expenses aswell of wages prests as for the expenses of the kings houses and for other gifts and rewards shippes and other things necessary to the parties of France and Normandie and before Calice during the siege there as it appeareth in the accompts of William Norwel keeper of the kings Wardrobe from the 21. day of April in the 18 yeere of the reigne of the said king vnto the foure and twentieth day of Nouember in the one and twentieth yeere of his reigne is iii. hundreth xxxvii thousand li. ix s iiii d. A note out of Thomas Walsingham touching the huge Fleete of eleuen hundred well furnished ships wherewith king Edward the third passed ouer vnto Calais in the yeere 1359. ANno gratiae 1359. Iohannes Rex Franciae sub vmbra pacis dolose obtulit Regi Angliae Flandriam Picardiam Aquitaniam aliasque terras quas equitauerat vastarat pro quibus omnibus ratificandis idem Rex Edwardus in Franciam nuncios suos direxit quibus omnibus Franci contradixerunt Vnde motus Rex Anglie celeriter se suos praeparauit ad transfretandum ducens secum principem Walliae Edwardum suum primogenitum ducem Henricum Lancastrie ferè proceres omnes quos comitabantur vel sequebaÌ„tur poene mille currusâ— habuirque apud Sanwicum instructas optime vndecies centum naues cum hoc apparatu ad humiliandum Francorum fastum Franciam nauigauit relicto domino Thoma de Wooodstock filio suo iuniore admodum paruulo Anglici regni custode sub tutela tamen The same in English IN the yeere of our Lord 1359. Iohn the French king craftily and vnder pretence of peace offered vnto Edward the third king of England Flanders Picardie Gascoigne and other territories which he had spoyled and wasted for the ratifying of which agreement the foresaid king Edward sent his ambassadors into France but the Frenchmen gain saied them in all their articles and demaunds Whereupon the king of England being prouoked speedily prepared himselfe and his forces to crosse the seas carying with him Edward Prince of Wales his heire apparant and Henry duke of Lancaster and almost all his Nobles with a thousand wagons and cartes attending vpon them And the said king had at Sandwich eleuen hundred ships exceedingly well furnished with which preparation he passed ouer the seas to abate the Frenchmens arrogancie leauing his yonger sonne Thomas of Woodstocke being very tender of age as his vicegerent in the Realme of England albeit not without a protectour c. The voyage of Nicholas de Lynna a Franciscan Frier and an excellent Mathematician of Oxford to all the Regions situate vnder the North pole in the yeere 1360. and in the raigne of Edward the 3. king of England QVod ad descriptionem partium Septentrionalium attinet eam nos accipimus ex Itinerario Iacobi Cnoyen Buscoducensis qui quaedam exrebus gestis Arthuri Britanni citat maiorem autem partem potiora à Sacerdote quodam apud Regem Noruegiae An. Dom. 1364. didicit Descenderat is ex illis quos Arthurus ad has habitandas insulas miserat referebat An. 1360. Minoritam quendam Anglum Oxoniensem Mathematicum in eas insulas venisse ipsisque relictis ad vlteriora arte Magica profectuÌ„ descripsisse omnia Astrolabio dimensum esse in hanc subiectam formam ferè vti ex Iacobo collegimus Euripos illos quatuor dicebat tanto impetu ad interiorem voraginem rapi vt naues semel ingressae nullo vento retroagi possent nequè verò vnquam tantum ibi ventum esse vt molae frumentarie circumagendae sufficiat Simillima his habet Giraldus Cambrensis qui floruit An. 1210. in libro de mirabilibus Hyberniae sic enim scribit Non procul ab insulis Hebridibus Islandia c. ex parte Boreali est maris quae dam miranda vorago in quam à remotis partibus omnes vndique fluctus marinitanquam ex condicto fluunt recurrunt qui in secreta naturae penetralia se ibi transfundentes quasi in Abyssum vorantur Si verò nauem hâc fortè transire contigerit tanta rapitur attrahitur fluctuum violentia vt eam statim irreuocabiliter vis voracitatis absorbeat Quatuor voragines huius Oceani a quatuor oppositis mundi partibus Philosophi describunt vnde â—am marinos fluctus quà m AEolicos flatus causaliter peruenire nonnulli coniectant The same in English TOuching the description of the North partes I haue taken the same out of the voyage of Iames Cnoyen of Hartzeuan Buske which alleageth certaine conquests of Arthur king of Britaine and the most part and chiefest things among the rest he learned of a certaine priest in the king of Norwayes court in the yeere 1364. This priest was descended from them which king Arthur had sent to inhabite these Islands and he reported that in the yeere 1360 a certaine English Frier a Franciscan and a Mathematician of Oxford came into those Islands who leauing them and passing further by his Magicall Arte described all those places that he sawe and tooke the height of them with his Astrolabe according to the forme that I Gerard Mercator haue set downe in my mappe and as I haue taken it out of the aforesaid Iames Cnoyen Hee sayd that those foure Indraughts were drawne into an inward gulfe or whirlepoole with so great a force that the ships which once entred therein could by no meanes be driuen backe againe and that there is neuer in those parts so much winde blowing as might be sufficient to driue a Corne mill Giraldus Cambrensis who florished in the yeere 1210 vnder king Iohn in his booke of the miracles of Ireland hath certaine words altogether alike with these videlicet Not farre from these Islands namely the Hebrides Island c. towards the North there is a certaine woonderful whirlpoole of the sea whereinto all the waues of the sea from farre haue their course and recourse as it were without stoppe which there conueying themselues into the secret receptacles of nature are swallowed vp as it were into a bottomlesse pit and if it chance that any shippe doe passe this way it is pulled and drawen with such a violence of the waues that eftsoones without remedy the force of the whirlepoole deuoureth the same The Philosophers describe foure indraughts of this Ocean sea in the foure opposite quarters of the world from whence many doe coniecture that as well the flowing of the sea as the blasts of the winde haue their first originall A Testimonie of the learned Mathematician master Iohn Dee touching the foresaid voyage of Nicholas De Linna ANno 1360. that is to wit in the 34. yeere of the reigne of the triumphant king Edward the third a frier of Oxford being a good Astronomer went in companie with others to the most Northren Islands of the world and there leauing his company together hee trauailed alone
the knights and Polonia and a league concluded certaine summes of money also were paide vnto the Polonian Prussia was restored vnto the knights neither was the saide order disturbed in the possession of their lands vntill the time of Friderick The 24. Master was Henrie Earle of Plaen This man being deposed by the Chapter was 7. yeres holden prisoner at Dantzik The 25. Master was Michael Kuchenmeister that is master of the Cookes of Sternberg The 26. was Paulus a Russdorff The 27. Conradus ab Ellerichshausen This man after diuers and sundry conflicts betweene the Dutch knights and the king of Polonia concluded a perpetuall league with the saide king Howbeit the citizens of Dantzig secretely going about to obteyne their freedome that the foresaide Order might haue no dominion ouer them made sute vnto the Polonian king to be their Protector This Conradus died in the yeere 1450. The 28. was Lewis ab Ellerichshausen Under this man there arose a dangerous sedition in Prussia betweene the chiefe cities and the knights of the Order The citizens demanded libertie complaining that they were oppressed with diuers molestations Whereupon they priuily made suâ—e vnto Casimir then king of Polonia The Master of the Order seeing what would come to passe began to expostulate with the king that he kept not the peace which had bene concluded betweene them to last for euer Also Frederick the Emperour commaunded the Prussians to returne vnto the obedience of the knights who by the dint of their swordes had released that prouince out of the hands of Infidels and had bought it with the shedding of much blood Notwithstanding the popular sort persisting â—tâ—l in their stubborne determination proceeded at length to open warre The cities aâ—hearing vnto the king vsurped diuers Castles belonging to the Master tooke certain Commanders and knights yea and some they slewe also Fiftie and fiue townes conspired together in that rebellion but thinking their estate and strength not sure enough against their own gouernors without forrein aide they chose king Casimir to be their lord Heereupon the Polonian king marched into Prussia with a great armie taking possession of such cities as yeelded themselues vnto him and proceeding forward against Marieburg besieged the castle and the towne In the meane season the Master hauing hired an armie of Germane souldiers suddenly surprised the king at vnawares in his tents and slewe about 300. Polonians tooke prisoners 136. noblemen spoiled their tents tooke away their horses victuals and armour insomuch that the king himselfe hardly escaped vpon one horse These things came to passe in the yeere 1455. The Master hauing thus obtained the victorie sent his armie into the countrey and recouered the castles and cities which he had lost to the nuÌ„ber of 80. putting many of his enemies also vnto the sword Moreouer he recouered Kunigsberg being one of the foure principall cities which are by name Thorne Elburg Kunigsberg and Gdanum that is to say Dantzig And when the warre was longer protracted then the Master could well beare and a whole yeres wages was vnpaid vnto his captains those captaines which were in the garison of Marieburg conspired against the Master and for a great summe of money betrayed the castle of Marieburg vnto the king Which practice beeing knowen the Master fled to Kunigsberg and newe warre was begunne and great spoile and desolation was wrought on both sides vntill at length after composition made the king retayned Pomerella and all the castles and townes therein together with Marieburg and Elburg and the master inioyed Samaâ—tia Kunigsberg c. This composition was concluded in the yeere 1466. The 29. Master was Henrie Reuss first being deputie and afterwarde Master of Prussia The 30â— was Henrie a Richtenberg who deceased in the yeere 1477. The 31. called Martine Truchses died in the yeere 1489. The 32. Iohn a Tieflen died in the yeere 1500. The 33. being Duke of Saxonie and marques of Misn deceased in the yeere 1510. This man began to call in question whether the foresaid composition concluded betweene the king of Polonia and the Order were to bee obserued or no especially sithence it conteined certaine articles against equitie and reason Whereupon he appealed vnto the Bishop of Rome vnto the Emperor vnto the princes and electors of Germany and preuailed with them so farre forth that there was a day of hearing appointed at Posna in Polonia And the Legates of both parts meeting heard complaints and excuses dispatched no other businesse In the meane time Prince Frederick deceased in the tenth yeere of his gouernment The 34. Master was Albertus marques of Brandenburg whom the King of Polonia did so grieuously molest with war and oppressed all Prussia with such extreme rigour that the Prince of the countrey was constrained to make a league of foure yeeres with him and to yeeld vnto such conditions as turned to the vtter ouerthrowe of the whole Order And amongst other conditions are these which follow Sithence that the originall of all discorde betweene Polonia and the order doeth from hence arise for that hitherto in Prussia no lawfull heyre and successor hath borne rule and authority but diuers and sundry haue had the gouernment therof by whose meanes the nations haue bene prouoked one against another much Christian blood hath bin shed the lands and inhabitants grieuously spoiled and many widowes and Orphans made the Popes Emperors and Princes being often sollicited for the establishing of that perpetual league which Casimir hath heretofore concluded c. Sithence also that the truce which hath bene agreed vpon of both parties is in short time to be expired and that it is to bee feared that bloody warres will then be renewed and that all things will proue worse and worse vnlesse some lawfull composition be made and some good and wholesome deuise be put in practise as well for the benefit of the King and of his posteritie as for the commoditie of the whole common weale of Prussia especially considering that Albertus the Marques refuseth not to submitte himselfe to the Councell of the King c. The Oration or speech of the Ambassadours sent from Conradus de Zolner Master generall of the land of Prussia vnto Richard the second King of England and France c. The messengers which are sent from the Master generall of the land of Prussia doe propound and declare the affaires and negotiations vnderwritten WHereas it is apparant that diuers and sundrie times heeretofore your famous progenitours and predecessours the kings of England haue alwaies bene gracious promoters and speciall friends vnto the generall Masters of the land of Prussia and of the whole order whereas also they haue vouchsafed by their Barons Knights and other their nobles of the kingdome of England vnto the Masters and order aforesaide sundry and manifolde fauourable assistances in the conquest of the Infidels in whose steppes your excellent Maiestie insisting haue in these your dayes shewed your selfe in like sort right
forasmuch as the foresaid Master general and our Order do know no iust occasion wherby they haue deserued your maiesties indignation but are firmely and most vndoubtedly perswaded to finde all curtesie fauour and friendship at your Highnesse according to your wonted clemencie the said Master generall therefore maketh no doubt that al the aboue writtenâ—damages molestations being in such sort against God and iustice offred vnto his subiects by yours be altogether vnknown vnto your magnificence committed against your mind wherfore presently vpon the foresaid arrest of your marchants goods he dispatched his messengers vnto your roial maiesty Wherof one deceased by the way namely in the territory of Holland the other remained sick in those parts for a long season so that ambassage took none effect Wherfore the said master general was desirous to send vs now y e second time also vnto your Highnes We do make our humble sute therfore in the name behalf of our Master and Order aforesaid vnto your kingly supremacy that hauing God and iustice before your eies and also the dutifull and obsequious demeanor of the said master and order towards you you would vouchsafe to extend your gracious clemency for the redresse of the premisses wherby the foresaid losses may be restored and repaied vnto our subiects All which notwithstanding that it would please you of your wisedome prouidence to procure so absolute a remedy by meanes whereof in time to come such dealings and inconueniences may be auoided on both parts finally that your marchants may quietly be possessed of their goods arrested in Prussia and our marchants may be admitted vnto the possession of their commodities attached in England to conuert apply them vnto such vses as to themselues shal seem most conuenient Howbeit most gracious prince and lord we are to sollicite your Highnesse not onely about the articles to be propounded concerning the losses aforesaide but more principally for certain sinister reports and superstitious slanders wherwith certaine of your subiects not seeking for peace haue falsly informed your maiesty your most honorable discreete CouÌ„cel affirming that at the time of y e aforesaid arrest your marchants were barbarously intreated that they were cast into lothsom prisons brenched in myre and water vp to y e neck restrained from al conference and company of men and also that their meat was thrown vnto them as a bone to a dog with many other enormities which they haue most slanderously deuised concerning the master general aforesaid and his people and haue published them in these dominions vpon the occasion of which falshoods certain marchants of our parts and of other regions of Alemain who of your special beneuolence were indued with certaine priuileges and fauours in your citie of London and in other places were as malefactors apprehended and caried to prison vntil such time as the trueth was more apparant Whereupon the foresaide master generall propoundeth his humble sute vnto your maiestie that such enemies of trueth and concord your Maiesty woulde vouchsafe in such sort to chastise that they may be an example vnto others presuming to doe the like Moreouer high and mighty Prince and lord it was reported vnto our Master general that his former Legats required of your maiesty safe conduct freely to come into your highnesse Realme Which when hee heard he was exceedingly offended therat sithence vndoubtedly they did not this at his commaundement or direction We therefore humbly beseech your Grace as touching this ouersight to holde the Master generall excused because there is no need of safeconduct between so speciall friends Furthermore sundry damages and complaints of the foresaid general Master and his subiects are briefly exhibited and put downe in the billes following Also all and singular damnified persons besides other proofes were compelled to verifie their losses by their formall othes taken vpon the holy Bible Lastly we doe make our humble suite and petition vnto the prouidence and discretion of your Highnes and of your honorable Councell that concerning the premisses and all other matters propounded or to be propounded vnto your Maiesty we may obtaine a speedy answere and an effectuall end For it would redound vnto our great charges and losse to make any long delayes An agreement made by the Ambassadors of England and Prussia confirmed by king Richard the second RIchard by the grace of God king of England and France and lorde of Ireland To all vnto whom these present letters shall come greeting We haue seene and considered the composition ordination concord and treatie betweene our welbeloued clearke master Nicholas Stocket licentiat in both lawes Walter Sibel and Thomas Graa citizens of our cities of London York our messengers and ambassassadors on the one part and the honourable and religious personages Conradus de Walrode great commander Sifridus Walpode de Bassenheim chiefe hospitalary commander in Elburg and Vlricus Hachenberg Treasurer the messengers and ambassadors of the right reuerend and religious lord lord Conradus Zolner de Rothenstein master generall of the knightly order of the Dutch hospital of Saint Mary at Ierusalem on the other part lately concluded and agreed vpon in these words In the name of the supreame and indiuisible Trinitie the Father the Sonne and the holy Ghost Amen Forasmuch as the author of peace will haue peace-makers to be the sons of blessednes and the execrable enemie of peace to be expelled out of the dominions of Christians therefore for the perpetuall memorie of the thing be it knowen vnto all men who shall see or heare the tenour of these presents that there being matter of dissension and discord bred betweene the most renowmed prince and king Richard by the grace of God king of England and France and lord of Ireland and his subiects on the one part and the right reuerend and religious lord lord Conradus Zolner de Rothinstein Master generall of the knightly order of the Dutch hospitall of S. Marie at Ierusalem and his land of Prussia and his subiects also on the other part the foresaid lord and generall master vpon mature counsell and deliberation had sent his honourable ambassadours towards England vnto the forenamed most soueraigne prince and king to propound and make their complaint vnto him of violence and iniuries offered as it is sayd by the English vnto the Prussians in consideration whereof certaine goods of the marchants of England were arrested in the land of Prussia Whose complaint the foresayd most gracious prince did courteously and friendly admit receiue and accept and after many speeches vttered in this treaty louingly dismissed them vnto their owne countrey againe promising by his letters vnto the foresayd reuerend Master generall that hee would dispatch his ambassadours vnto the land of Prussia Whereupon in the yeere 1388. he sent hono and reuerend personages Master Nicholas Stocket licentiate of both lawes Thomas Graa and Walter Sibill citizens of London and Yorke with sufficient authority and full
beene accustomed in times past and from ancient times Also it is farther concluded and agreed vpon that all lawfull marchants of England whosoeuer shall haue free licence and authority with all kindes of shippes goods and marchandises to resorte vnto euery port of the land of Prussia and also to transport all such goods and marchandises vp farther vnto any other place in the sayde land of Prussia and there with all kindes of persons freely to bargaine and make sale as heretofore it hath from auncient times bene accustomed Which priuiledge is granted in all things and by all circumstances vnto the Prussians in England And if after the date of these presents betweene the sayd kingdome of England and land of Prussia any dissension or discorde which God forefend should arise then the foresayd souereigne prince and king of England and the sayd right reuerend lord the Master generall are mutually by their letters and messengers to giue certificate and intimation one vnto another concerning the matter and cause of such dissension and discord which intimation on the behalfe of the foresaid souereigne prince king of England shall be deliuered in the forenamed castle of Marienburg but on the behalfe of the sayd right reuerend lord the Master generall such intimation shall be giuen in the citie of London aforesayd vnto the Maior of the said city that then such a denunciation or intimation being made the marchants of England and the subiects of the land of Prussia may within the space of one yeere next following freely and safely returne home with al their goods marchandises if at the least in the mean while some composition friendly league betweene the two forâ—sayd countreis be not in some sorte concluded And that all the premisses may more firmely and faithfully be put in due practise aâ—d execution on both partes for the strong and inuiolable keeping of peace and tranquillity and also for the full confirmation and strengthening of all the sayde premisses the three foresayd honourable and religious personages being by the said right reuereÌ„d lord the Master general appointed as coÌ„missioners to deale in the aboue written ordination and composition haue caused their seales vnto these presents to be put and the sayd ordination also and letter in the same tenour word for word and in all points euen as it is inserted into these presents they haue mutually receiued froÌ„ the abouenamed three ambassadours of the right soueraigne king of England vnder their seales Giuen at the castle of Marienburg in the yeare of our lord aforesayd vpon the twentieth day of the moneth of August And we therefore doe accept approue ratifie and by the tenour of these presents doe confirme the composition ordination concorde and treaty aforesayd In testimony whereof we haue caused these our letters to be made patents Witnesse our selues a Westminster the 22. of October in the thirteenth yeare of our reigne By the king and his counsell Lincolne The letters of Conradus de Iungingen Master generall of Prussia written vnto Richard the second king of England in the yeere 1398 for the renouncing of a league and composition concluded betweene England and Prussia in regard of manifold iniuries offered vnto the Prussians OUr humble commendations with our earnest prayers vnto God for your Maiestie premised Most renowmed prince and mighty lord it is not we hope out of your Maiesties remembrance how our famous predecessour going immediately before vs sent certaine letters of his vnto your highnesse effectually contayning sundry complaints of grieuances iniuries and losses wherewith the marchants of his lande and Order being woont in times past to visite your kingdome with their goods and marchandises haue bene contrary to their liberties and priuiledges annoyed with manifold iniuries and wrongs Especially sithens they haue beene molested in your realme being contrary to the friendly composition made and celebrated by the hono personages master Nicholas Stocket Thomas Graa and Walter Sibil in the yeare 1388 with the assistance of their coarbiters on our part and contrary to God and all iustice oppressed with manifold damages losses and grieuances as in certaine articles exhibited vnto our predecessors aforesayd it doeth more manifestly appeare In consideration whereof being vehemently moued by the damnified parties he humbly besought your highnesse by his messengers and letters for complement and execution of iustice About the which affayres your Maiestie returned your letters of answere vnto our sayd predecessor signifying that the sayd businesse of articles concerned al the communalty of your realme and that your highnesse purposed after consultation had in your parliament to send a more deliberate auswere concerning the premisses vnto our predecessour aforesayd Howbeit he being by death translated out of this present world and our selues by the prouidence of God succeeding in his roome and also long time expecting an effectuall answere from your highnesse are not yet informed as we looked for albeit the complaints of iniuries and losses offered vnto our subiects doe continually increase But from hencefoorth to prouide a remedie and a caueat for the time to come the sayd complaynt doeth vpon great reasons mooue and inuite me Sithens therefore in regard of the sayd composition neither you nor your subiects may be iudged in the empire and sithens plaine reason requireth that the one be not inriched by the others losse as vndoubtedly our subiects should sustaine great damage by the composition aforesayd by vertue whereof your subiects doe enioy all commodities in our lande and contrariwise our subiects in your realme haue suffered as yet sundrie wayes do suffer manifold discommodities losses and iniuries Wherefore most soueraigne prince and mighty lord being reasonably mooued vpon the causes aforesayd we doe by the aduise of our counsellers reuoke and repeale the sayd composition concluded as is aboue written together with the effect thereof purely and simply renouncing the same by these prefents refusing hereafter to haue either our selues or our subiects in any respect to stand bound by the vertue of the sayd composition but from henceforth and for the times heretofore also bee it altogether voide and of none effect Prouided notwithstanding that from the time of the notice of this denunciation giuen vnto the hono Maior of your citie of London for the space of a yeare next ensuing it shall be lawfull for all marchants of your kingdome whatsoeuer with their goods and marchandises to returne home according to the forme in the foresayd compoâ—ition expressed conditionaly thaâ— our subiects may euen so in all respects be permitted to depart with the safety of their goods and liues out of your dominions this present renunâ—iation reuocation and retractation of the order and composition aforesayd notwithstanding Howbeit in any other affayres whatsoeuer deuoutly to submit our selues vnto your highnesse pleasure and command both our selues and our whole order are right willing and desirous and also to benefite and promote your subiects we wil indeuour to the vtmost of our ability
Giuen in our castle of Marienburg in the yeare of our Lord 1398 and vpon the 22. day of February Frater Conradus de Iungingen master generall of the Order of the Dutch knights of S. Maries hospital at Ierusalem A briefe relation of VVilliam Esturmy and Iohn Kington concerning their ambassages into Prussia and the Hans-townes IN primis that in the moueth of Iuly and in the yeare of our Lord 1403 and the fift yeare of the reigne of our souereigne Lord the king that nowe is there came into England the ambassadours of the mighty lord Fr Conradus de lungingen being then Master general of Prussia with his letters directed vnto our foresayd souereigne lord the king requiring amends and recompense for certaine iniuries vniustly offered by English men vnto the subiects of the sayd Master generall written in 20. articles which amounted vnto the summe of 19120. nobles and a halfe c. Item that the third day of the moneth of October in the yeare of our Lord aboue written and in the fift yere of the reigne of our soueraigne lord the king between the reuerend father in God Henrie then bishop of Lincolne lord chancelor and William lord de Roos high treasurer of England on the one party and the sayd ambassadours on the other party it was according to their petition amongst other things ordayned namely that the liege people of our soueraigne lord the king should freely he permitted vntill the feast of Easter then next after ensuing to remaine in the land of Prussia and from thence with their goods marchandises to returne vnto their own home and also that the subiects of the sayd Master generall in the kingdome of England should haue licence and liberty to doe the like Prouided alwayes that after the time aboue limitted neither the English marchants in the land of Prussia nor the Prussian marchaÌ„ts in the realme of England should vse any traffique of marchandise at all vnlesse in the meane space it were otherwise agreed and concluded by the sayd king and the sayd Master general Item immediately after our sayd soueraigne lord the king sent his letters by Iohn Browne marchant of Lin vnto the foresayd Master generall for to haue mutuall conuersation and intercourse of dealing to continue some certain space betweene the marchants of England and of Prussia promising in the same letters that he would in the meane season send vnto the foresayd Master his ambassadors to intreat about the pretended iniuries aforesaid which letters the foresayd Master for diuers causes refused to yeelde vnto as in his letters sent vnto our lord the king bearing date the 16. day of the moneth of Iuly in the yeare of our lord 1404. more plainely appeareth Item that after the receit of the letters of the Master aforesaid which are next aboue mentioned our sayd king according to his promise sent William Esturmy knight M. Iohn Kington câ—erke and William Brampton citizen of London from his court of parliament holden at Couentrie very slightly informed as his ambassadours into Prussia Item before the arriuall of the sayd ambassadours in Prussia all intercourse of traffique betweene the English and the Prussians in the realme of England and in the land of Prussia was altogether restrained and prohibited and in the same land it was ordayned and put in practise that in whatsoeuer porte of the land of Prussia any English marchant had arriued with his goods he was not permitted to conueigh the sayd goods out of that porte vnto any other place of the land of Prussia either by water or by lande vnder the payne of the forfeiting of the same but was enioyned to sell them in the very same porte vnto the Prussians onely and to none other to the great preiudice of our English marchants Item that after the arriuall of the sayd English ambassadours in the land of Prussia it was ordayned that from the eight day of the moneth of October in the yeare of our lord 1405 all English marchants whatsoeuer should haue free liberty to arriue with all kindes of their marchandise in whatsoeuer port of the land of Prussia and to make sale of them in the said land as hath heretofore from auncient times bene accustomed Also sundry other commodious priuiledges vnto the realme of England were then ordayned and established as in the indentures made for this purpose it doth more manifestly appeare Item the said English ambassadours being arriued in the land of Prussia demanded of the â—aid Master generall a reformation and amends for the damages and iniuries offered by the Prussians vnto the liege people of our souereigne lord and king written in fifteene articles which losses amounted vnto the summe of 4535. nobles Item the said Master generall besides the articles exhibited vnto our soueraigne lord the king as it is aboue mentioned deliuered vnto the sayd ambassadours diuers other articles of certaine iniuries offered as he â—ayth vniustly by English men vnto his subiects which amounted vnto the summe of 5100. nobles Item it was afterward concluded that vpon the first of May next then insuing namely in the yeere of our Lord 1406 or within the space of one yeare immediatly following there should bee made a conuenâ—ent iust and reasonable satisfaction for all molestatious vniustly ofâ—â—red on both partes as well on the behalfe of our soueraigne lord the king as of the foresayd Master general Which satisfaction not being performed the Prussians with their goods marchandises within three moneths after the end of the sayd yere next following were without molestation or impediment enioined to depart out of the realme of England with their ships and goods and the English men likewise out of the territories and dominions of the said Master general both of them without any further admonition to abstaine separate themselues from both the countreis aforesayd For the performance of which premisses the ambassadors on both parts being sufficiently instructed were appointed to meete the first day of May at the towne of Dordract in Holland Item that the sayd William Esturmy and Iohn Kington in their returne homewards from Prussia towards England passed through the chiefe cities of the Hans and treated in such sorte with the Burgomasters of them that there were sent messengers and agents in the behalfe of the common society of the Hans marchants vnto the towne of Dordract to conferre with the ambassadors of England about the redressing of iniuries attempted on both parts where diuers agreements were set downe betweene the sayd ambassadors and messengers as in the indentures made for the same purpose it doth more manifestly appeare Item that the meeting appointed at the towne of Dordract vpon the first of May was by the letters of the foresayd ambassadors proroged vnto the first of August then next ensuing and afterward by vertue of the kings letters vnto the first day of March next following and there was another day of prorogation also Item that after the prorogations aforesayd
Liuonia doe demaund restitution namely waxe and furres redounded vnto the vse and commoditie of our soueraigne lord the king And also our said soueraigne lord the king gaue commandement by his letters that some of the sayd goods should be deliuered vnto others And a great part of them is as yet reserued in the towne of Newcastle One Benteld also hath the best of the sayd three ships in possession Also it is reported and thought to be true that certaine Furriers of London which will be detected in the end haue had a great part of the sayd goods namely of the Furres Now as concerning the cities of the Hans IN primis the Hamburgers exhibited nine articles wherein they demaunded restitution for certaine damages offered as they sayd by the English men the value of which losses amounted vnto the summe of 9117. nobles 20. pence For the which after due examination there was promised restitution to the summe of 416. nobles 5. shillings Besides the two articles propounded against theÌ„ of Scardeburg the summe wherof was 231. pounds 15. s. 8. d. coÌ„cerning the which there was sentence giuen in England by the coÌ„missioners of our lord the king the execution wherof was promised vnto the said Hamburgers by the ambassadors of England leaue and licence being reserued vnto the sayd Hamburgers of declaring or explaning certaine obscure articles by them exhibited which declaration was to be made at the feast of Easter then next to come or within one yeare next ensuing the said feast vnto the chancelor of England for the time being and of proouing the sayd articles and others also which haue not as yet sufficiently bene proued Which being done they are to haue full complement and execution of iustice Also by the Hamburgers there are demaunded 445. nobles from certaine of the inhabitants of Linne in England Which summe if it shal be prooued to be due vnto any English men the Hamburgers are to rest contented with those goods which they haue already in their possessions Item they of Breme propounded â—â—xe articles wherein the summe conteined amounteth vnto 4414. nobles And there was no satisfaction promised vnto them But the same libertie and licence was reserued vnto them in like maner as before vnto the Hamburgers Item they of Stralessund propounded 23. articles wherof the summe amounted vnto 7415. nobles 20. d. for the which there was promised satisfaction of 253. nobles 3. q. Also here is a caueat to be obserued that they of Stralessund had of English mens goods a great summe particularly to be declared which will peraduenture suffice for a recompense And some of their articles are concerning iniuries offered before 20,22,23,24 yeres past Also their articles are so obscure that they will neuer or very hardly be able to declare or proue them Howbeit there is reserued the very same liberty vnto them that was before vnto the Hamburgers Item they of Lubec propounded 23. articles the summe whereof extended vnto 8690. nobles and an halfe whereupon it was agreed that they should haue paied vnto them 550. nobles There was reserued the same libertie vnto them which was vnto the men of Stralessund Item they of Gripeswold exhibited 5. articles the summe whereof amounted vnto 2092. nobles and an halfe For the which there was promised satisfaction of 153. nobles and an half And the said men of Gripeswold haue of the goods of English men in possession to the value of 22015. nobles 18. s as it is reported by them of Linne And the same libertie is reserued vnto them that was vnto the Hamburgers Item they of Campen propounded ten articles the summe whereof extended vnto 1405. nobles There is no satisfaction promised vnto them but the same liberty is reserued vnto them which was vnto the other abouementioned Item the ambassadors of England demanded of the citizens of Rostok Wismer for damages iniuries by them committed against the subiects of the foresayd souereigne king 32407. nobles 2. s. 10. d. And albeit euery of the foresayd cities sent one of their burgomasters vnto the towne of Hage in Holland to treat with the English ambassadours it was in the end found out that they had not any authority of negotiating or concluding ought at al. And therfore they made their faithfull promises that euery of the said cities should send vnto our soueraigne Lord the king one or two procurator or procurators sufficiently instructed to treat conclude with our said souereigne lord the king about the damages and iniuries aforesaid at the feast of the nauitie of Saint Iohn the Baptist. Compositions and ordinances concluded between the messengers of Frater Conradus de Iungingen master generall of Prussia and the chancelor and treasurer of the realme of England 1403. IN the yere of our Lord 1403 vpon the feast of S. Michael the Archangel the right hono Henrie bishop of Lincoln chancelor of England and the lord de Roos high treasurer of England the ambassadors of Prussia Iohn Godek of Dantzik Henry Monek of Elbing masters of the same cities haue at Westminster treated in maner of composition about the articles vnderwritten between the most souereigne lord the king of England and the right reuerend honorable Conradus de Iungingen Master general of Prussia as concerning the iniuries offered vnto the people of Prussia and Liuonia vpon the sea by the English First that all ships with their appurtenances the commodities of the mariners according vnto the condition of the things and all other goods taken away by the English which are actually vndiuided whole are incontinently with al speed to bee restored And if there bee any defect in ought the value of the said defect is to be accounted with other losses of goods to be restored at the terme of the restitution to be made and deliuered Item that all ships damages and goods as they are conteined in our bill of accusation which are not now immediately restored are to be restored and payd in the land of Prussia between this and the terme appointed with full execution and complement of iustice Item concerning the persons throwen ouer boord or slaine in the sea it shall remayne to bee determined at the will and pleasure of the most mighty prince the king of England and of the right reuerend the Master of Prussia Item betwene this and the terme appointed for the restoring of the goods taken away vntill there be due payment restitution of the said goods performed the marchants of England and of Prussia are in no wise to exercise any traffique of marchandise at all in the foresaid lands Memorandum that the third day of the moneth of October in the yere of our Lord 1403. and in the fift yere of the reigne of the most mighty prince and lord king Henrie the fourth by the grace of God king of England and France c. betweene the reuerend father Henrie bishop of Lincolâ— chancelor and the
our selues or of any appertayning vnto vs but that our inclinations and desires in this regarde are all one and the same neither would we lightly transgresse the limits of your perswasions without some iust weighty reasonable cause forasmuch as the matters perswaded are in very deede most happy preseruatiues of a common weale yea of nature it selfe Moreouer whereas your highnes hath farther requested vs that the prohibition of your subiects accesse vnto our dominions might vntill the feast of Easter next ensuing be released we answere vnder correction of your maiesties more deliberate counsell that it is farre more expedient for both parts to haue the sayd prohibition continued then released vntil such time as satisfaction be performed on both sides vnto the parties endamaged not in words only but actually really in deeds or by some course of law or friendly composition For there is no equall nor indifferent kinde of consort or trade between the impouerished party and him that is inriched betweene the partie which hath obtayned iustice and him that hath obtayned none between the offender and the party offended because they are not mooued with like affections For the remeÌ„brance of iniuries easily stirreth vp inconsiderate motions of anger Also such a kind of temperature or permixtion as it were by way of contrariety breedeth more bitternes then sweetnes more hate then loue whereupon more grieuous complaints aswel vnto your highnes as vnto our selues might be occasioned The lord knoweth that euen now we are too much wearied and disquieted with the importunate and instant complaints of our subiects insomuch that wee cannot at this present by any conuenient meanes release or dissolue the sayd prohibition before wee be sufficiently informed by your maiesties ambassadors of the satisfaction of our endamaged subiects Furthermore whereas your maiesties request concerning your subiects that shal come vnto the parts of Sconia is that we would defend them vnder our protection be it knowen vnto your highnes that for diuers considerations vs reasonably mouing being prouoked by the queene of Denmarke and her people being also vrged thereunto full sore against our wils for the repelling and auoiding of iniuries we haue sent forth our armie against them Howbeit for a certaine time a â—ruce is concluded on both parts so that our people are actually returned home Farre be it from vs also that our subiects being occupied in warres should in any sort willingly molest or reproch any strangers of what landes or nations soeuer not being our professed enemies For this should be to oppresse the innocent in stead of the guilty to condemne the iust for the vniust then which nothing can be more cruel nor a reuenge of greater impietie In very deede most gracious prince and lorde we are mouâ—d with right hearty sympathy and compassion for any inconuenience which might happen in your regiment wishing from the bottome of our hearts that all affayres may right prosperously and happily succeede about the royall person and regiment of your most excellent Maiestie and that continually The like whereof wee hope from you most humbly commending our selues and our whole Order vnto your highnes Giuen at our castle of Marienburgh the 16. day the moneth of Iuly in the yere of our Lord 1404. An agreement made betweene king Henry the fourth and Conradus de Iungingen Master generall of the land of Prussia THis Indentnre made between Sir William Esturmy knight Iohn Kington clerke and William Brampton citizen of London the ambassadors commissioners messengers of the most mighty prince and lord our souereigne lord Henrie by the grace of God king of England and France and lorde of Ireland for the repayring reformaâ—ion and amâ—nds of whatsoeuer damages grieuances excesses violences and iniuries in any sort vniustly attempted done or offered by our sayd soueraigne lord the king and his liege people and subiects vnto the great and mighty lord Conradus de Iungingen Master general of the order of the Dutch knights of S. Maries hospitall of Ierusalem or his subiects and for the requiring demanding and receiuing of such like reparations reformations amends by the foresayd lord the Master generall for the behalfe of himselfe or any of his subiects whatsoeuer from in the name of our soueraign lord the king his subiects vnto the sayd Master general into his land of Prussia by our souereigne lord the king appointed as ambassadors on the one party And betweene the hono Lords and religious personages Conradus de Lichtenstein great commander Warnherus de Tetâ—ingen chiefe hospitalary commaÌ„der in Elbing Arnold de Hacken treasurer the procurators commissioners of the great mighty lord the Master general being in like equal sort and in all respects as the ambassadours of England are authorized on the contrary side by the authoritie and power of the sayd Master general on the other part witnesseth That diuers treaties conferences being holden between the said ambassadors messengers procurators or coÌ„missioners of concerning the reparations reformations amends of certaine damages grieuances excesses violences iniuries offered and attempted aswel by the Prussians against the English as by the English against the Prussians and of other actes vniustly committed on both parts in conclusion after the sayd treatise the foresayd ambassadours procurators and commissioners by vertue of the authority committed vnto them appoynted and with one consent agreed vnto the articles vnder written Inprimis that for the consideration of mutuall loue and woonted friendship and of peace and tranquillity hereafter to be continued and maintained and also that the articles vnderwritten may more prosperously be brought vnto a wished effect between our said soueraign lord the king his liege people subiects the subiects people inhabitants of the territories and dominions of the foresayd lord the Master generall it is agreed and concluded that all liege marchants of England whatsoeuer shall haue free licence and libertie to arriue with their shippes goods and marchandises whatsoeuer at any Porte of the land of Prussia and also the sayd goods and marchandises farther vnto any place of the sayd land of Prussia to transport and there with any person or persons freely to contract and bargaine euen as heretofore and from auncient times it hath bene accustomed Which liberty in all respects is granted vnto the Prussians in England Item it is farther agreed betweene the sayd ambassadours procurators and commissioners that whereas of late namely in the yeare of our lord 1403 the sayd Master general by his discreet subiects Iohn Godek of Dantzik and Henry Monek of Elbing his ambassadors messengers for this purpose hath caused certain articles namely 20 in number containing in them matters of damages molestations violences and iniuries committed and offered against the said Master generall his subiects by our sayd soueraigne lord the king his subiects liege people to be exhibited giuen vp and deliuered vnto our lord the king
aforesaid in his kingdome of England it is concluded and agreed about the sayd 20. articles by the aforesaid ambassadors commissioners and procurators as in the acts pleas had and made before the sayd ambassadors commissioners and procurators and in the records made and written of and about the examination of such articles it is more at large contayned vnto the which the sayd ambassadors commissioners and messengers doe here in this place referre themselues of the which articles also some are receiued by the commissioners aforesayd and others are proroged vnto a certaine time vnder written euen as in the foresayd registers it is more fully contayned and put downe in writing As touching certaine other articles also exhibited a newe vnto the sayd English ambassadors in the land of Prussia being 16 in number whereof one is admitted the rest are proroged vntil a terme vnderwritten the same course is to be taken and obserued which was before appoynted and agreed vpon about the articles deliuered and exhibited vnto our foresayd souraigne lorde the king as is aforesayd Moreouer as touching the articles exhibited by the English ambassadours in the name and behalfe of their sayd soueraigne lord the king of England vnto the procuratours and commissioners of the foresayd lord the Master generall of the which some are declared already and the declaration of the rest is proroged vntill a certayne terme vndernamed euen as in the registers made of and vpon the examination of the sayd articles it is more manifestly prouided the same course is to be taken which must be obserued about the articles of the sayd lord the Master generall exhibited as well vnto the foresayd soueraigne prince in England as vnto his ambassadors in the land of Prussia euen as about the sayd articles it is before concluded And whereas on the behalfe of the citizens and marchants of the cities of Rij and Dorp and of other townes in the land of Liuonia many and great complaints haue beneâ— by way of articles exhibited and deliuered vnto the sayd English ambassadours in the land of Prussia which for diuers causes could not as then be ended therefore it is concluded and agreed vpon betweene the ambassadours and the commissioners aforesayd that the saide citizens and marchants may in the towne of Dordâ—act in Holland vpon the first day of the moneth of May next ensuing at the which time and place the continuation and prorogation of all other articles not fully declared in the partes of Prussia shall be put in vre by themselues or their lawfull procurators make their appearance for the obtayning of a conuenient iust and reasonable reformation of all iniuries attempted against them then or at some other times within one whole yere next following and not afterward being effectually set downe and limited at the place aforesaid by the consent of the ambassadours and commissioners of either parte all lawfull impediments ceasing Prouided alwayes that the value and price of all wares goods and marchandises whereof the said citizens and marchants of Liuonia in their articles receiued by the sayde English ambassadours as is aforesayd doe make mention shall be iustly esteemed prized and approoued not by any of England or of Prussia or of Liuonia but by some other indifferent marchants of good credite valuing them at the true rate of marchants which such like marchandise would haue amounted vnto if at the time when they were taken they had bene to be solde at the town of Bruges in Flanders Forasmuch also as diuers and sundry Prussians who exhibited manifolde Articles of complaints being receiued by the said English Ambassadours at their abode in Prussia made not their personall appearance before the saide English Ambassadours in the lande of Prussia aforesaide The prorogation aboue-mentioned was made vnto the first day of the moneth of May and also it was agreed vpon vy the saide Ambassadours Procurators and Commissioners that the saide parties which had not appeared before shall haue libertie graunted them lawfully to make their appearance vpon the first of May aforesaide at the towne of Dordract either by themselues or by their Procurators and also to bring with them the letters testimonial and patents sealed with the seale of the saide Lord the Master generall he hauing first of all receiued sound and sufficient information from the cities whereof the parties plaintife are citizens of the damages and grieuances any way vniustly inflicted vpon them or any of them by the English to the end that they may there by articles conueniently declare and proue before the Ambassadours Procurators messengers and Commissioners of both partes the rate and value of their saide goods and that in so doing they may obtaine conuenient iust and reasonable restitution for all acts vniustly attempted against them then or at some other times effectually to bee set downe and limited at the foresaid place by the consent of the Ambassadors and Commissioners of both parts euen as it was aboue promised vnto the marchants of Liuonia But if they of Prussia last aboue-mentioned shall not vpon the first of May and at the place appointed for some cause make their appearance that then it shal be lawfull for them at anytime within one whole yeere next following to repaire vnto the lord Chancelor of England at the citie of London and to insinuate and declare vnto him their complaints before exhibited vnto the saide English Ambassadours in the land of Prussia or which complaints should haue bene deliuered at the foresaid terme and place or els the which were not then and there fully finished and dispatched and also by articles as is aforesaide to declare and proue the true worth and estimation of all damages and grieuances any wayes vniustly offered by the English vnto them or any of them to the ende that they may as it is aboue mentioned effectually receiue and also speedily and easily obtaine conuenient iust and reasonable reformation and satisfaction for al acts vniustly attempted against them which are contained in the complaints not as yet fully declared and finished Moreouer it is appointed and agreed vpon betweene the foresaide Ambassadours and Commissioners that the forenamed souereign Lord the said lord the Master general are to send and set forward their Ambassadours messengers and Commissioners vpon the first of May vnto the place appointed to treate parle agree and conclude about those affaires which shal then and there happen to be treated of and handled among them Furthermore betweene the often mentioned Ambassadours Procurators and Commissioners it is enacted and concluded that vnto all and singular lawfull statutes ordinations and prohibitions framed made and ordained by the saide lorde the Master generall in his land of Prussia or by his Proconsuls and Consuls and his gouernours of cities townes villages and of other places in the land of Prussia vnto the obseruation whereof aswell the subiectes of the said Master general as foreners and strangers are tyed and bound vnto the very same
and messengers haue put to their seales Giuen in the towne of Dordract the 15. day of December in the yere of our Lord 1405. William Esturmy knight and Iohn Kington canon of Lincolne being in this behalfe sufficiently authorized and deputed as Ambassadours procurators messengers and commissioners by our said soueraigne lord the king namely in regard of the molestations iniuries and damages vniustly done and committed against the liege people and subiectes of the foresaide most excellent Prince and lord Lord Henry by the grace of God king of England France and Lord of Ireland by the commumalties of the cities of Wismer and Rostok vnderwritten their common couÌ„sel being assembled for the same purpose authorized also and as well closely as expresly maintained and ratified by the whole companie of the common society of the marchants of the Dutch Hans doe in this present diet at the towne of Hage situate in the countrey of Holland being appointed for the very same occasion demaund of you Syr Iohn de Aa knight and Hermannus Meyer deputies for the cities of Wismer and Rostok and sufficiently ordeined by authority requisite in this behalfe to be the procurators and messengers of the said cities that conuenient iust and reasonable satisfaction and recompense may certainely and effectually be done vnto the iniuried and endamaged parties who are specified in the articles vnder written Imprimis that about the feast of Easter in the yeere of our Lord 1394. Henry van Pomeren Godekin Michael Clays Sheld Hans Howfoote Peter Hawfoote Clays Boniface Rainbek and many others with them of Wismer and of Rostok being of the societie of the Hans tooke by maine force a ship of Newcastle vpon Tine called Godezere sailing vpon the Sea towards Prussia being of the burthen of two hundred tunnes and belonging vnto Roger de Thorneton Robert Gabiford Iohn Paulin and Thomas de Chester which ship together with the furnâ—ture thereof amounteth vnto the value of foure hundred pounds also the woollen cloth the red wine the golde and the summes of money contained in the said ship amounted vnto the value of 200. marks of English money moreouer they vniustly slew Iohn Patanson and Iohn Russell in the surprising of the shippe and goods aforesaide and there they imprisoned the sayde parties taken and to their vtter vndoing detayned them in prison for the space of three whole yeeres Item that in the yeere of our Lorde 1394. certaine persons of Wismer and Rostok with others of the Hans their confederates robbed one Richard Horuse of Hull of diuers goods anyâ— marchandizes in a ship called the Shipper Berline of Prussia beeing then valued at 160. nobles Item that in the yeere of our Lorde 1395. Hans van Wethemonkule Clays Scheld Godekin Mighel and one called Strotbeker by force of armes and by the assistance of the men of Wismer and Rostok and others of the Hans did vpon the Sea neere vnto Norway wickedly and vniustly take from Iohn Tutteburie fiue pieces of ware foure hundred of werke and halfe a last of osmundes and other goods to the value of foure hundred seuentie sixe nobles Item in the yeere of our Lorde 1396. one Iohn van Derlowe Hans van Gelder and other their complices of the Hans villainously and vniustly tooke a shippe of William Terry of Hul called the Cogge with thirtie wollen broad clothes and a thousand narrow clothes to the value of 200. pounds Item in the yeere of our Lorde 1398. one Iohn van Derlowe Wilmer Hans van Gelder Clays Scheld Euerade Pilgrimson and diuers others of the Hans did vpon the Sea neere vnto Norway villainously and vniustly take a shippe of Iohn Wisedome of Hull called the Trinitie with diuers goods and marchandizes namely oyle waxe and werke to the value of 300. pounds Item in the yeere of our Lord 1399. one Clays Scheld and others aboue written of Wismer and Rostok with certaine others of the Hans their confederates wickedly and vniustly took from one William Pound marâ—hant of Hull two cakes of waxe to the value of 18. poundes out of the ship called the Hawkin Derlin of Dantzik Item in the yeere of our Lord 1394. one Goddekin Mighel Clays Scheld Storbiker and diuers others of Wismer and Rostok and of the Hans wickedly and vniustly tooke out of a ship of Elbing the master whereof was called Henry Puys of the goods and marchandizes of Henrie Wyman Iohn Topeliffe aud Henry Lakenswither of Yorke namely in werke waxe osmunds and bowstaues to the value of 1060. nobles Item in the yeere of our Lorde 1394. certaine malefactors of Wismer and Rostok with others of the Hans their confederats wickedly vniustly took out of a ship of Holland the master whereof was called Hinkensman 140. woollen clothes the price of one of the which clothes was eight nobles from Thomas Thester of Yorke and a chest with armour siluer and golde of the foresaid Thomas to the value of 9. pounds Item in the yere of our Lord 1393. certaine malefactors of Wismer and Rostok and others their complices of the Hans wickedly and vniustly tooke from one Richard Abel of London woollen cloth greene cloth meale and fishes to the value of 133. li.6.s. Item in the yeere of our Lorde 1405. about the feast of S. Michael one Nicholas Femeer of Wismer marchant of the Hans with the assistance of other his complices of the Hans aforesaide wickedly and vniustly tooke from one Richard Morley citizen of London fiue lasts of herrings besides 32. pounds in the sea called Northsound Item in the yeere of our Lord 1398. about the moneth of September one Godekin Wisle and Gerard Sleyre of Wismer and Rostok with others of the Hans their confederats wickedly and vniustly took out of a ship of Prussia wherof the master was named Rorebek from Iohn Seburgh marchant of Colchester two packs of woollen cloth to the value of an 100. markes from Stephan Flispe and Iohn Plumer marchants of the same town two packs of woollen cloth to the value of 60. pounds from Robert Wight marchant of the same towne two packes of woollen cloth to the value of an 100. marks from William Munde marchant of the same town two fardels of woollen cloth worth 40 li from Iohn Dawe and Thomas Cornwaile marchants of the same towne three packs of woollen cloth worth 200. marks Moreouer they tooke and imprisoned certaine English men which were in the said ship namely William Fubborne seruant vnto Iohn Diere Thomas Mersh seruant vnto Robert Wight which Thomas paid for this ransome 20. nobles of English money William Munde marchant of the towne aforesaide which William by reason of the extremity of that imprisonment lost the sight of his eyes and Thomas Cornwaile marchant of the foresaide Towne which Thomas paide for his raunsome twentie nobles Item in the yeere of our Lorde 1394. certaine malefactors of Wismer and Rostok vpon the coastes of Denmarke and Norway
diuers goods to the value of 440 lib Item from Andrew Purser one farnell of cloth and one chest with diuers commodities therein to the value of ten pounds Item the aboue-named marchants complaine saying that certaine malefactors of Wismer Rostok and others of the Hans namely Godekin Mighel Henrie van Hall de Stertebeker with other of their confederates in the yeere of our Lord 1399. wickedly and vniustly took from Iohn Priour of Lenne out of the ship of Michael van Buâ—gh namely â—60 nests of maseâ—s worth 100 lib.13.s.4.d Item 30. furres rigges of Kaleber woorth 13 s.4.d a piâ—ce the summe totall amounting to 20 li Item 20. furres wombys of Kalebre worth c. Item one girdle of siluer and one dagger adorned with siluer worth 30 s Item two coates and one long iacket and other goods to the value of 30 s Item he paide for his ransome 4 lib.13.s.4.d Unto all and singular the articles aboue-written the ambassadors of England aforesaid do further adde that the doers and authors of the damages iniuries and robberies set down in the articles aboue written of whom some are named in particular and others in general performed and committed all those outrages being hired thereunto at the expenses and charges of the common societies of the cities aforesaid And that the inhabitants of euery houshold in the foresaide cities ech man according to his ability wittingly purposely set foorth one two or more menâ— for the very same expedition wherein all and singular the foresaid trespasses were committed The foresaid English ambassadors doe exhibite the articles aboue written vnto the procurators of the cities of Wismer and Rostok aforesaid leaue and libertie being alwayes reserued vnto the said ambassadors to enlarge or to diminish or to expound all or euery or any of the said Articles whatsoeuer so often as it shall â—eeme expedient vnto them These be the grieuances and offences whereat the marchants of the Hans of Almaine comming vnto and residing in the Realme of England doe finde themselues aggrieued contrarie to the Articles and priuileges of the Charter graunted vnto them by the worthy Progenitors of the king of England that now is and also by the saide soueraigne Lord the King ratified and confirmed IMprimis whereas the foresaide marchants haue a priuilege graunted vnto them by Charter that they may in cities boroughs and in other towns and villages throughout the whole realme of England exercise traffique in grosse as wel with the natural inhabitants of the kingdome â—s with strangers and priuate personâ— of late those that are free deâ—izens in the cities boroughs and villages within the foresaid kingdome do hinder and restrain all others that be strangers foreners and aliens that they neither câ—n nor dare buy and sel with the marchants of the Hans aforesaid to their great hinderance and losse Item the foresaid marchants by vertue of their charter were wont to haue and to hold Innes and mansions for the reposing of themselues and of their goods wheresoeuer they pleased in any cities boroughs or villages throughout the whole kingdome howbeit of late the foresaide marchants are not suffered to take vp their mansions contrary to the tenoâ—r of their charter Item the foresaid marchants are priuileged not to vndergoe any other burthens or impositions but onely to pay certaine customs as it doeth by their charter manifestly appeare Notwithstanding at y e same time when Simon de Moreden was maior of London the foresaid marchants were constrained in the ward of Doue-gate at London to pay fifteenths tallages and other subsidies contrary to the liberties of their charter Whereupon the saide marchants prosecuâ—ed the matter before the Councel of our soueraign lord the king insomuch that they were released from paying afterward any such tallages fifteenths and subsidies Which marchants a while after of their owne accord and free will gaue vnto the gild-hall of London an hundreth markes sterling conditionally that they of the citie aforesaide should not at any time after exact or demaund of the said marchants or of their successors any tallages fifteenths or subsidies contrary to the tâ—nor of their charter as by records in the foresaid gild-hall it doth more plainly appeare Howbeit of late the officers of our lord the king in the foresaid ward of Doue-gate constrained the marchants aforesaid to pay tallages fifteenths other subsidies And because the saide marchants murmured and refused to pay any such contributions alleaging their priuileges the foresaid officers arrested the goods of those said marchants which are as yet detained vpon the arâ—est notwithstanding that they were released before the councel of our soueraigne lord the king also that they gaue vnto the said gild-hall one hundreth marks to be released as it is aforesaid And also the foresaid marchants were constrained to pay 12.d in the pound and of late 6.d and other subsidies more then their ancient customes to the great damage of those marchants Item the foresaid marchants are priuileged as touching customs of wols by theÌ„ bought within the realm of England y t they are not bound to pay ouer besides their ancient cusâ—oms but onely xl.d. more then the homeborn marchants of England were wont to pay But now y e foresaid marchants are compelled to pay for euery sack of wool besides y e ancient custom the 40.d aforesaid a certain impositioÌ„ called Pence for the town of Cales namely for euery sack of wool 19.d more then the marchants of England doe pay to their great losse against the liberty of their charter Item the foresaid marchants are priuileged by their charter that concerning the quantity of their marchandize brought into the realme of England in regard whereof they are bound to pay 3.d for the worth of euery pound of siluer credit is to be giuen vnto them for the letters of their masters and of their companies if they were able to shew them And if so be they had no letters in this behalfe to shew that then credite should bee giuen vnto themselues and that their othe or the othe of their atturney should be taken without any other proof as touching the value of their marchandize so brought in that thereupon they should be bound to pay customs namely the customes of 3.d iustly for that cause to be paid But nowe the customers of our soueraigne lorde the king put their goods to an higher rate then they ought or were woont to be and heereupon they compell them to pay custome for their goods at their pleasure scanning about their fraight and expenses particularly disbursed in regard of the said goods and marchandize to the great hinderance of the said marchants and against the teâ—or of their charter Item the foresaid marchants by way of pitiful complaint do alleage that whereas the worthy progenitors of our Lord the king that now is by vertue of the saide great charter gâ—aunted libertie vnto them to pay the customes of certain
not vnto vs but vnto our forenamed knight an answere in writing what your will and determination is Neither let it seeme strange vnto you that we haue not at this present sent our forenamed Iohn Kington clerke together with the sayd William for the cause of his abode with vs is that he may in the meane season employ his care and diligence about those matters which must be preparatiues for the finall conclusion of the foresayd busines Honorable sir and most deare friend we doe most heartily with increase of prosperity and ioy vnto your person Giuen in our palace of Westminster the 14. day of Feb. in the yeare of our Lord 1407. To the right noble and valiant knight Sir VVilliam Sturmy sent at this present by the most souereigne King of England c as his ambassadour vnto Dordract his most sincere friend HOnorable sir our most entier friend wee receiued the royall letters of the most mighty prince and lord our lord the king of England and France and lord of Ireland sent vnto vs vnder the date of the 14. day of February which we receiued at our castle of Marienburgh the 11. of April containing amongst other matters that his Maiesties purpose was once againe to sende one of his ambassadors namely your selfe our very sincere friend vnto Dordract giuing you in charge that you would make haste thither there slay vntill some of our subiects might at our commandemeÌ„t in conuenient time repaire vnto the same place there by Gods assistance to bring our matters vnto a happy conclusion And then he requested that wee should without delay write our determination vnto you as the conclusion of the said letter importeth Howbeit our most deare friend the treaties conferences about the redresse or reformation of vniust attempts committed by the subiects of our sayd lord the king our subiects one against another are both on our behalfe and on the behalfe of the common societie of the Hans marchants hitherto had made and continued common And so our commissioners vpon our full and absolute commandement shal for the managing of these and of other affaires of the foresaid societie many waies vrgent and difficult vpon the feast of our Lords Ascension next to come meet with the said societie at Lubec there to giue notice what they haue determined to conclude in this present busines in others for their owne behalfe For we wil giue our ambassadours which are there to appeare streightly in charge that according to the kings request aforesayde they doe without delay procure an answere to be written vnto your honour concerning the determination of the foresayd societie Giuen at the place and vpon the day aboue named in the yeare of our Lord 1407 Fr. Wernherus de Tettingen commander in Elbingâ— general vice-master and lieutenant in the roome of the Master generall of the Dutch knights of the Order of S. Marie c. of late deceased The letters of Henry the 4. king of England c vnto Vlricus de Iungingen Master generall of Prussia 1408. wherein he doth ratifie and accept the last agreement made at Hage in Holland HEnry c. vnto the honourable and religious personage Fr. Vlricus de Iungingen Master generall of the Dutch knights of S. Marie c. our most deare friend greeting and dayly increase of our accustomed amity and friendship We doe by these presents giue your houour to vnderstand that our faithfull welbeloued William Esturmy knight and Master Iohn Kington clerke our ambassadors and messengers sent of late on our behalfe vnto the presence of your predecessour for the redressing of certaine grieuances and damages being contrary to iustice offered against vs and our liege subiects by the people subiects of your predecessors against them also by our subiects as it is aforesayd in friendly maner to be procured of late returning out of the parts of Alemain made relation vnto vs and to our counsell that hauing conferred with your forenamed predecessour about the foresayd affayres the particulars following were at length concluded namely first of all that at a certaine day and place they should meete in Holland with his ambassadors and messengers to hold a friendly conference between them about the redressing and reformation of the grieuances and damages aforesayd and that they should by the equall waight of diligent examination ponder in the balance of iustice discusse define al singular the foresaid grieuances damages inflicted on both parts Howbeit at length after sundry prorogations then made continued on this behalfe our ambassadors messengers aforesaid vpon the 28. of August last past assembling themselues for our part at the towne of Hage in Holland the hon discreete personages Arnold Heket burgomaster of the towne of Dantzik Iohn Crolowe for the behalf of your subiects of Prussia and Tidman de Meule Iohn Epenscheid for the behalfe of Liuonia being assembled as messengers and commissioners about the redresse and reformation aforesayd did then and there demaund in certaine articles of our ambassadours and messengers abouenamed 25034. nobles half a noble for the grieuances damages offered as it was theÌ„â—aid to your subiects of Prussia and 24082. nobles 12 s.8.d in recompense of the damages offered vnto those your subiects of Liuonia And when the substance of those articles about the grieuances losses aforesayd was by the sayd ambassadours and messengers througâ—ly examined and discussed by their generall consent it was finally agreed that your subiects in consideration of all and singular the foresayd grieuances and damages offered vnto them by our people should within three yeares after the feast of Easter next ensuing at three equall payments receiue from vs namely they of Prussia 8957. nobles and they of Liuonia 22496. nobles sixe pence halfe peny farthing and no more so that we our selues thought good to condescend thereunto Howbeit forasmuch as certaine other articles of your subiects of Prussia and also certaine articles in the behalfe of our subiects containing grieuous complaints in them being propounded before the ambassadors messengers aforesaid for the attaining of reformation in regard of the damages grieuances offered on both parts could not as theÌ„ for the great obscurity of diuers of the sayd articles and also for want of sufficieÌ„t proofe at the last meeting appointed and held by the foresayd ambassadors at the towne of Hage in Holland sufficiently to be examined discussed and defined it was agreed vpon by the ambassadors and messengers of both partes that from the 15. day of October then last expired vnto the feast of Easter now next ensuing and from thenceforth within one whole yere immediatly following the plaintifes of both parts should throughly declare before our chancelour of England for the time being the foresayd obscurities coÌ„cerning the substance of their articles and that they should for the obtaining of execution and complement of iustice at our sayd chancelours hands peremptorily minister necessary
times together And as they were thus singing out calling I sawe a thing like a finger of a man two times together thrust through the gowne from the Priest I asked them that sate next to me what it was that I sawe and they saide not his finger for he was yet dead and that which I saw appeare through the gowne was a beast but what beast they knew not nor would not tell And I looked vpon the gowne and there was no hole to bee seene and then at the last the Priest lifted vp his head with his shoulder and arme and all his bodie and came forth to the fire Thus farre of their seruice which I sawe during the space of certaine houres but how they doe worship their Idoles that I saw not for they put vp their stuffe for to remoue from that place where they lay And I went to him that serued the Priest and asked him what their God saide to him when he lay as dead Hee answered that his owne people doeth not know neither is it for them to know for they must doe as he commanded This I saw the fift day of Ianuarie in the yere of our Lord 1556. after the English account A discourse of the honourable receiuing into England of the first Ambassador from the Emperor of Russia in the yeere of Christ 1556. and in the third yeere of the raigne of Queene Marie seruing for the third voyage to Moscouie Registred by Master Iohn Incent Protonotarie IT is here recorded by writing and autenticall testimonie partly for memorie of things done and partly for the veritie to be knowen to posteritie in time to come that whereas the most high and mightie Iuan Vasiliuich Emperour of all Russia great Duke of Volodemer Moscouia and Nouogrode Emperor of Cassan and of Astrachan Lord of Pleskie and great Duke of Smolenskie Tuerskie Yowgoriskie Permskie Viatskie Bolgarskie and Sibierskie Emperour and great Duke of many others as Nouogrode in the nether countries Chernigoskie Rezanskie Polodskie Rezewskie Bielskie Rostoskie Yeraslaueskie Bealozarskie Oudarskie Obdorskie Condenskie and manie other countries and lord ouer all those partes in the yeere of our Lord God folowing the account of y e Latin church 1556. sent by the sea from the port of S. Nicholas in Russia his right honorable ambassador sirnamed Osep Napea his high officer in the towne and countrey of Vologda to the most famous and excellent princes Philip and Mary by the grace of God king and Queene of England Spaine France and Ireland defenders of the faith Archdukes of Austria dukes of Burgundie Millaine Brabant counties of Haspurge Flanders and Tyroll his ambassador Orator with certaine letters tenderly conceiued together with certain presents and gifts mentioned in the foot of this memorial as a manifest argument and token of a mutual amity and friendship to be made and continued betweene their maiesties subiects respectiuely for the commoditie and benefit of both the realmes and people which Orator was the 20. day of Iuly imbarked and shipped in and vpon a good English ship named the Edward Bonauenture belonging to the Gouernor Consuls and company of English marchants Richard Chancelor being grand Pilot and Iohn Buckland master of the said ship In which was laden at the adueÌ„ture of the foresaid Ambassador and marchants at seuerall accounts goods merchandizes viz. in waxe trane oyle tallow furres felts yarne and such like to the summe of 20000. li. sterling together with 16. Russies attendant vpon the person of the said Ambassador Ouer and aboue ten other Russies shipped within the said Bay of S. Nicholas in one other good ship to the said company also belonging called the Bona Speranza with goods of the said Orators marchants to the value of 6000. lib. sterling as by the inuoises and letters of lading of the said seueral ships wherunto relation is to be had particularly appeareth Which good ships comming in good order into the seas trauersing the same in their iourney towards the coast of England were by contrary windes and extreme tempests of weather seuered the one from the other that is to say the saide Bona Speranza with two other English ships also appertaining to the saide company the one sirnamed the Philip and Mary the other the Confidentia were driuen on the coast of Norway into Drenton water where the saide Confidentia was seene to perish on a Rocke and the other videlicet the Bona Speranza with her whole company being to the number of foure and twentie persons seemed to winter there whereof no certaintie at this present day is knowen The third videlicet the Philip and Mary arriued in the Thames nigh London the eighteenth day of April in the yeere of our Lord one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and seuen The Edward Bonauenture trauersing the seas foure moneths finally the tenth day of Nouember of the aforesaide yeere of our Lorde one thousand fâ—ue hundred fiftie and sixe arriued within the Scottish coast in a Bay named Pettislego where by outragious tempests and extreme stormes the said ship being beaten from her ground tackles was driuen vpon the rockes on shore where she brake and split in pieces in such sort as the grand Pilot vsing all carefulnesse for the safetie of the bodie of the sayde Ambassadour and his trayne taking the boat of the said ship trusting to attaine the shore and so to saue and preserue the bodie and seuen of the companie or attendants of the saide Ambassadour the same boat by rigorous waues of the seas was by darke night ouerwhelmed and drowned wherein perished not only the bodie of the said grand Pilot with seuen Russes but also diuers of the Mariners of the sayd ship the noble personage of the saide Ambassadour with a fewe others by Gods preseruation and speciall fauour onely with much difficultie saued In which shipwracke not onely the saide shippe was broken but also the whole masse and bodie of the goods laden in her was by the rude and rauenous people of the Countrey thereunto adioyning rifled spoyled and caried away to the manifest losse and vtter destruction of all the lading of the said ship and together with the ship apparell ordinance and furniture belonging to the companie in value of one thousand pounds of all which was not restored toward the costs and charges to the summe of fiue hundred pound sterling As soone as by letters addressed to the said companie and in London deliuered the sixt of December last past it was to them certainely knowen of the losse of their Pilote men goods and ship the same merchants with all celeritie and expedition obteined not onely the Queenes maiesties most gracious and fauourable letters to the Ladie Dowager and lordes of the Councell of Scotland for the gentle comfortment and entertainment of the saide Ambassadour his traine and companie with preseruation and restitution of his goods as in such miserable cases to Christian pitie princely honour and meere Iustice appertaineth
whose highnesse arriuing the one and twentie of March the same Ambassadour the fiue and twentieth of March being the Annunciation of our Ladie the day tweluemoneth he tooke his leaue from the Emperour his master was most honourably brought to the King and Queenes maiesties court at Westminster where accompanied first with the said Uiscount and other notable personages and the merchants hee arriuing at Westminster bridge was there receiued with sixe lords conducted into a stately chamber where by the lords Chancellor Treasurer Priuie seale Admirall bishop of Elie and other Counsellers hee was visited and saluted and consequently was brought vnto the Kings and Queenes maiesties presence sitting vnder a stately cloth of honour the chamber most richly decked and furnished and most honourably presented Where after that hee had deliuered his letters made his Oration giuen two timber of Sables and the report of the same made both in English and Spanish in most louing maner embraced was with much honour and high entertainement in sight of a great confluence of people Lordes and Ladies eftsoones remitted by water to his former lodging to the which within two dayes after by the assignement of the King and Queenes maiesties repaired and conferred with him secretly two graue Counsellers that is the lord Bishop of Elie and Sir William Peter Knight chiefe Secretary to their Highnesse who after diuers secret talkes and conferences reported to their highnesse their proceedings the grauitie wisedome and stately behauiour of the sayd Ambassadour in such sort as was much to their maiesties contentations Finally concluding vpon such treaties and articles of amitie as the letters of the Kings and Queenes maiesties most graciously vnder the great seale of England to him by the sayd counsellers deliuered doth appeare The three and twentieth of April being the feast of S. George wherein was celebrated the solemnitie of the Noble order of the Garter at Westminster the same lord ambassadour was eftsoones required to haue audience and therefore conducted from the sayd lodging to the court by the right Noble the lords Talbot and Lumley to their maiesties presence where after his Oration made and thanks both giuen and receiued hee most honourably tooke his leaue with commendations to the Emperour Which being done he was with special honour led into the chappell where before the Kings and Queens maiesties in the sight of the whole Order of the Garter was prepared for him a stately seate wherein he accompanied with the Duke of Norfolke the lords last aboue mentioned and many other honorable personages was present at the whole seruice in ceremonies which were to him most acceptable the diuine seruice ended he eftsoones was remitted and reduced to his barge and so repaired to his lodging in like order and gratulation of the people vniuersally as before The time of the yeere hasting the profection and departure of the Ambassador the merchants hauing prepared foure goodly and well trimmed shippes laden with all kinds of merchandises apt for Russia the same Ambassadour making prouision for such things as him pleased the same ships in good order valed downe the Riuer of Thames from London to Grauesend where the same Ambassadour with his traine and furniture was imbarked towards his voyage homeward which God prosper in all felicitie It is also to be remembred that during the whole abode of the sayd Ambassadour in England the Agents of the sayde marchants did not onely prosecute and pursue the matter of restitution in Scotland and caused such things to be laden in an English shippe hired purposely to conuey the Ambassadours goods to London there to be deliuered to him but also during his abode in London did both inuite him to the Maior and diuers worshipfull mens houses feasting and banquetting him right friendly shewing vnto him the most notable and commendable sights of London as the kings palace and house the Churches of Westminster and Powles the Tower and Guild hall of London and such like memorable spectacles And also the said 29. day of April the said merchants assembling themselues together in the house of the Drapers hal of London exhibited and gaue vnto y e said Ambassador a notable supper garnished with musicke Enterludes and bankets in the which a cup of wine being drunke to him in the name and â—lieu of the whole companie it was signified to him that the whole company with most liberal and friendly hearts did frankly giue to him and his all maner of costs and charges in victuals riding from Scotland to London during his abode there and vntill setting of saile aboord the ship requesting him to accept the same in good part as a testimonie and witnes of their good hearts zeale and tendernesse towards him and his countrey It is to be considered that of the Bona Speranza no word nor knowledge was had at this present day nor yet of the arriuall of the ships or goods from Scotland The third of May the Ambassadour departed from London to Grauesend accompanied with diuers Aldermen and merchants who in good gard set him aboord the noble shippe the Primrose Admiral to the Fleete where leaue was taken on both sides and parts after many imbracements and diuers farewels not without expressing of teares Memorandum that the first day of May the Counsellers videlicet the Bishop of Elye and Sir William Peter on the behalfe of the Kings and Queenes Maiesties repairing to the lorde Ambassadour did not onely deliuer vnto him their highnes letters of recommendations vnder the great seale of England to the Emperour very tenderly and friendly written but also on their maiesties behalfe gaue and deliuered certaine notable presents to the Emperours person and also gifts for the lord Ambassadours proper vse and behoofe as by the particulars vnder written appeareth with such further good wordes and commendations as the more friendly haue not bin heard whereby it appeareth how well affected their hoâ—ours be to haue and continue amitie and traffique betweene their honours and their subiects which thing as the kings and Queenes maiesties haue shewed of their princely munificences liberalities so haue likewise the merchants and fellowship of the Aduenturers for and to Russia manifested to the world their good willes mindes and zeales â—orne to this new commensed voyage as by the discourse aboue mentioned and other the notable actes ouer long to be recited in this present memoriall doeth and may most clearely appeare the like whereof is not in any president or historie to bee shewed Forasmuch as it may bee doubted how the ship named the Edward Bonauenture suffered shipwracke what became of the goods howe much they were spoiled and deteined how little restored what charges and expenses ensued what personages were drowned how the rest of the ships either arriued or perished or howe the disposition of almightie God hath wrought his pleasure in them how the same ambassadour hath bene after the miserable case of shipwracke in Scotland vnreuerently abused and consequently into
shoulde be taken off but no worde I could heare when I should be deliuered out of captiuitie till it was Saint George his day on which day I was had before the Marshall who declared vnto me that the Kings Maiestie had shewed his mercie and goodnesse towardes mee for his pleasure was that I should be deliuered out of prison to depart into England but no way else So after I had giuen thankes for the Kings Maiesties goodnesse shewed vnto me I desired him that he woulde be a meane that I might haue the remaynder of such thinges as were taken from me restored vnto me againe Hee made me answere that I might thanke God that I escaped with my head and that if euer there came any more of vs through the land they should not so doe The weeke before Easter they deliuered mee my Corobia againe with all thinges that were therein They tooke from mee in money nine Hungers gylderns in golde fiue shillings foure pence in Lettoes money fourtie Altines in Russe money whereof twentie and more were for tokens halfe an angell and a quarter of Master Doctour Standishes with his golde ring Your two pieces of money Master Gray that you sent to your wife and daughter with my two pieces of Boghary money Of all this I had eight Hungers gilderns deliuered mee the thirde weeke of mine imprisonment to paye for my charges which stoode mee in a Doller a weeke So that at the day of my deliuerie I had but three gyldernes left me For the rest I made a supplication to the Captaine and had the like answere giuen mee as the Marshall gaue me So that all the rest of the thinges before written are lost and no recouerie to bee had which grieueth me more for the tokens â—akes then doeth mine eight weeks imprisonment They haue also my sword my bootes my bowe and arrowes that I bought at Smolensco which cost me foure marks my sled my felt the comhold a booke of the Flowres of godly prayers and my booke wherein my charges were written Of all these I can get nothing againe not so much as my two bookes After I had remayned there fiue and thirtie dayes I was had before the Captaine vp into a great chamber to bee examined for letters and of the cause of my comming through the Countrey In the Captaines companie was one of the Lordes of Danske They demaunded of mee where my letters were I declared vnto them that I had none your Officers sayd I tooke me when I was in my bedde they searched mee and tooke all that I had from mee if there be any they shall finde them among my stuffe which they haue They asked mee then for what cause I went home ouer lande I declared vnto them that the Winter beeing a warme season and hauing intelligence that The frozen Sea was not much frozen and supposing this Sommer it would be nauigable I was onely sent to prouide a Shippe to bee sent to passe the sayde Seas to discouer Cataia which if God graunted wee might doe it woulde not onely bee a commoditie to the Realme of Englande but vnto all Christian landes by the riches that might bee brought from thence if the histories bee true that are written thereof Much other communication I had with them concerning the same voyage Then he demaunded of mee what wares wee brought into Russia and what wee carried from thence I declared the same vnto them Then they burdened mee that wee brought thither thousandes of ordinance as also of harneis swordes with other munitions of warre artificers copper with many other things I made them answere that wee had brought thither about one hundred shirtes of mayle such olde thinges newe scowred as no man in Englande woulde weare Other talke they had with mee concerning the trade of Moscouia too long to commit to writing At my comming hither heere were Ambassadours from the townes of Danske Lubeck and Hamburgh as also out of Liefland to desire this king to bee their Captaine and head in their intended voyage which was to stoppe all such shippes as shoulde goe out of England for Moscouia Whereunto the King graunted and immediatly they departed to prepare their shippes So that I am afraide that either these our enemies or the great warres that we haue with France and Scotland will be an occasion that you shall haue no shippes at Colmogro this yeere To conclude although I haue no tokens to deliuer them that the tokens token from me were sent vnto yet I will declare vnto them that I had tokens for them with the mischance And thus I commit you to Amightie God with the rest of the companie who keepe you in health to his holy will and pleasure By yours to commaund THOMAS ALCOCKE A Letter of Master Anthonie Ienkinson vpon his returne from Boghar to the worshipful Master Henrie Lane Agent for the Moscouie companie resident in Vologda written in the Mosco the 18. of September 1559. VVOrshipfull Sir after my heartie commendations prâ—mised with most desire to God of your welfare and prosperous successe in all your affaires It may please you to bee aduertised that the fourth of this present I arriued with Richard Iohnson and Robert Iohnson all in health thankes bee to God Wee haue bene as farre as Boghar and had proceeded farther on our voyage toward the lande of Cathay had it not bene for the vncessant and continuall warres which are in all these brutall and wilde countreys that it is at this present impossible to passe neither went thâ—re any Carauan of people from Boghar that way these three yeeres And although our iourney hath bene so miserable dangerous and chargeable with losses charges and expenses as my penne is not able to expresse the same yet shall wee bee able to satisfie the woorshipfull Companies mindes as touching the discouerie of The Caspian Sea with the trade of merchandise to bee had in such landes and counteyes as bee thereabout adiacent and haue brought of the wares and commodities of those Countries able to answere the principall with profite wishing that there were vtterance for as great a quantitie of kersies and other wares as there is profite to bee had in the sales of a small quantitie all such euill fortunes beeing escaped as to vs haue chaunced this present voyage for then it woulde be a trade woorthie to bee followed Sir for that I trust you will be here shortly which I much desire I will deferre the discourse with you at large vntill your comming as well touching my trauel as of other things Sir Iohn Lucke departed from hence toward England the seuenth of this present and intendeth to passe by the way of Sweden by whom I sent a letter to the worshipfull Companie and haue written that I intend to come downe vnto Colmogro to be readie there at the next shipping to imbarke my selfe for England declaring that my seruice shal not be needfull here for that you
had assembled aboue a hundreth small ships called hopes being well stored with victuals which hoyes hee was determined to haue brought into the sea by the way of Sluys or else to haue conueyed them by the saide Yper-lee being now of greater depth into any port of Flanders whatsoeuer In the riuer of Waten he caused 70. ships with flat bottomes to be built euery one of which should serue to cary 30. horses hauing eche of them bridges likewise for the horses to come on boord or to goe foorth on land Of the same fashion he had prouided 200. other vessels at Neiuport but not so great And at Dunkerk hee procured 28. ships of warre such as were there to be had and caused a sufficient number of Mariners to be leuied at Hamburg Breme Emden and at other places Hee put in the ballast of the said ships great store of beames of thicke plankes being hollow and beset with yron pikes beneath but on eche side full of claspes and hookes to ioyne them together Hee had likewise at Greueling prouided 20. thousand of caske which in a short space might be compact and ioyned together with nailes and cords and reduced into the forme of a bridge To be short whatsoeuer things were requisite for the making of bridges and for the barring and stopping vp of hauens mouthes with stakes posts and other meanes he commanded to be made ready Moreouer not farre from Neiuport hauen he had caused a great pile of wooden fagote to be layd and other furniture to be brought for the rearing vp of a mount The most part of his ships conteined two ouens a piece to bake bread in with a great number of sadles bridles and such other like apparell for horses They had horses likewise which after their landing should serue to conuey and draw engines field-pieces and other warlike prouisions Neere vnto Neiuport he had assembled an armie ouer the which he had ordained Camillo de Monte to be Camp-master This army consisted of 30. bands or ensignes of Italians of tenne bands of Wallons eight of Scots and eight of Burgundians all which together amount vnto 56. bands euery band containing a hundreth persons Neare vnto Dixmud there were mustered 80. bands of Dutch men sixtie of Spaniards sixe of high Germans and seuen bands of English fugitiues vnder the conduct of sir William Stanlie an English knight In the suburbes of Cortreight there were 4000. horsemen together with their horses in a readinesse and at Waten 900. horses with the troupe of the Marques del Gwasto Captaine generall of the horsemen Unto this famous expedition and presupposed victorie many potentates princes and honourable personages hied themselues out of Spaine the prince of Melito called the duke of Pastrana and taken to be the sonne of one Ruygomes de Silua but in very deed accompted among the number of king Philips base sonnes Also the Marques of Burgraue one of the sonnes of Archiduke Ferdinand and Philippa Welsera Vespasian Gonsaga of the family of Mantua being for chiualry a man of great renowne and heretofore Uice-roy in Spaine Item Iohn Medices base sonne vnto the duke of Florence And Amadas of Sauoy the duke of Sauoy his base sonne with many others of inferiour degrees Likewise Pope Sixtus quintus for the setting forth of the foresaid expedition as they vse to do against Turkes infidels published a Cruzado with most ample indulgences which were printed in great numbers These vaine buls the English and Dutchmen deriding sayd that the deuill at all passages lay in ambush like a thiefe no whit regarding such letters of safe conduct Some there be which affirme that the Pope had bestowed the realme of England with the title of Defensor fidei vpon the king of Spaine giuing him charge to inuade it vpon this condition that hee should enioy the conquered realm as a vassal and tributarie in that regard vnto the sea of Rome To this purpose the said Pope proffered a million of gold the one halfe thereof to be paied in readie money and the other halfe when the realme of England or any famous port thereof were subdued And for the greater furtherance of the whole businesse he dispatched one D. Allen an English man whom hee had made Cardinall for the same ende and purpose into the Low countries vnto whom he committed the administration of all matters ecclesiasticall throughout England This Allen being enraged against his owne natiue countrey caused the Popes bull to be translated into English meaning vpon the arriual of the Spanish fleete to haue it so published in England By which Bull the excommunications of the two former Popes were confirmed and the Queenes most sacred Maiestie was by them most vniustly depriued of all princely titles and dignities her subiects being enioined to performe obedience vnto the duke of Parma and vnto the Popes Legate But that all matters might be performed with greater secrecie and that the whole expedition might seeme rather to be intended against the Low countries then against England and that the English people might be perswaded that all was but bare words threatnings and that nought would come to effect there was a solemne meeting appointed at Borborch in Flanders for a treatie of peace betweene her maiestie and the Spanish king Against which treatie the vnited prouinces making open protestation vsed all meanes possible to hinder it alleaging that it was more requisite to consult how the enemie now pressing vpon them might be repelled from off their frontiers Howbeit some there were in England that greatly vrged and prosecuted this league saying that it would be very commodious vnto the state of the realme as well in regard of traffique and nauigation as for the auoiding of great expenses to maintaine the warres affirming also that at the same time peace might easily and vpon reasonable conditions be obtained of the Spaniard Others thought by this meanes to diuert some other way or to keepe backe the nauy now comming vpon them and so to escape the danger of that tempest Howsoeuer it was the duke of Parma by these wiles enchanted and dazeled the eyes of many English Dutch men that were desirous of peace whereupon it came to passe that England and the vnited prouinces prepared in deed some defence to withstand that dreadfull expedition and huge Armada but nothing in comparison of the great danger which was to be feared albeit the constant report of the whole expedition had continued rife among them for a long time before Howbeit they gaue eare vnto the relation of certaine that sayd that this nauie was prouided to conduct and waft ouer the Indian Fleets which seemed the more probable because the Spaniards were deemed not to be men of so small discretion as to aduenture those huge and monstrous ships vpon the shallow and dangerous chanel of England At length when as the French king about the end of May signified vnto her Maiestie in plaine termes that she should
sword and he tooke their city which was very mighty seated vpon the sea which is called Ceuta in their language Confirmatio treugarum inter Regem Angliae Eduardum quartum Ioannem secundum Regem Portugalliae datarum in oppido montis Maioris 8 Februarij apud Westmonasterium 12 Septembris 1482 anno regni 22 Regis Eduardi quarti lingua Lusitanica ex opere sequenti excerpta Libro das obras de Garcia de Resende que tracta da vida è feitos del Rey dom Ioham secundo Embaixada que el Rey mandou à el Rey d' Inglaterra cap. 33. EDa qui de Monte Mor mandou el Rey por embaixadores à el rey dom Duarte de Inglaterra Ruy de Sousa pessoa principal è de muyto bon saber é credito de que el Rey muyto confiaua é ho doutor Ioam d' Eluas é Fernam de Pina por secretario E for am por mar muy honradamente com may boa companhia hos quaes foram en nome del Rey confirmar as ligas antiquas com Inglaterra que polla condisan dellus ho nouo Rey de hum reyno é do outro era obrigado à mandar confirmar é tambien pera mostrarem ho titolo que el rey tinha no senhorio de Guinee pera que depois de visto el rey d'Inglaterra defendesse em todos seus reynos que ninguen armassenem podesse mandar à Guinee é assi mandasse desfazer huna armada que pera laa faziam per mandado do Duque de Medina Sidonia hum Ioam Tintam é bum Guilherme Fabiam Ingreses Com ha qual embaixada el rey d' Inglaterra mostrou receber grande contentamento é foy delle com muyta honra recebida é em tudo fez inteiramente ho que pellos embaixadores Ibe foy requerido De que elles trouxeran autenticas escrituras das diligencias que con pubricos pregones fizeram é assi as prouisones das aprouasones que eran necessarias é com tudo muyto ben acabado é ha vontade del rey se vieram The Ambassage which king Iohn the second king of Portugall sent to Edward the fourth king of England which in part was to stay one Iohn Tintam and one William Fabian English men from proceeding in a voyage which they were preparing for Guinea 1481 taken out of the booke of the workes of Gracias de Resende which intreateth of the life and acts of Don Iohn the second king of Portugall Chap. 33. ANd afterwards the king sent as Ambassadours from the towne of Monte maior to king Edward the fourth of England Ruy de Sonsa a principall person and a man of great wisedome and estimation and in whom the king reposed great trust with doctor Iohn d'Eluas and Ferdinand de Pina as secretarie And they made their voyage by sea very honourably being very well accompanied These men were sent on the behalfe of their king to confirme the ancient leagues with England wherein it was conditioned that the new king of the one and of the other kingdome should be bound to send to confirme the olde leagues And likewise they had order to shew and make him acquainted with the title which the king held in the segneury of Ginnee to the intent that after the king of England had seene the same he should giue charge thorow all his kingdomes that no man should arme or set foorth ships to Ginnee and also to request him that it would please him to giue commandement to dissolue a certaine fleet which one Iohn Tintam and one William Fabian English men were making by commandement of the duke of Medina Sidonia to goe to the aforesayd parts of Ginnee With which ambassage the king of England seemed to be very well pleased and they were receiued of him with very great honour and he condescended vnto all that the ambassadours required of him at whose hands they receiued authenticall writings of the diligence which they had performed with publication thereof by the heralds and also prouisoes of those confirmations which were necessary And hauing dispatched all things well and with the kings good will they returned home into their countrey A briefe note concerning an ancient trade of the English Marchants to the Canarie-ilands gathered out of an olde ligier booke of M. Nicolas Thorne the elder a worshipfull marchant of the city of Bristoll IT appeareth euidently out of a certaine note or letter of remembrance in the custody of me Richard Hakluyt written by M. Nicolas Thorne the elder a principall marchant of Bristoll to his friend and factour Thomas Midnall and his owne seruant William Ballard at that time resident at S. Lucar in Andeluzia that in the yeere of our Lord 1526 and by all circumstances and probabilities long before certaine English marchants and among the rest himselfe with one Thomas Spacheford exercised vsuall and ordinary trade of marchandise vnto the Canarie Ilands For by the sayd letter notice was giuen to Thomas Midnall and William Ballard aforesayd that a certaine ship called The Christopher of Cadiz bound for the West Indies had taken in certaine fardels of cloth both course and fine broad and narrow of diuers sorts and colours some arouas of packthreed sixe cerons or bagges of sope with other goods of M. Nicolas Thorne to be deliuered at Santa Cruz the chiefe towne in Tenerifa one of the seuen Canary-ilands All which commodities the sayd Thomas and William were authorised by the owner in the letter before mentioned to barter sell away at Santa Cruz. And in lieu of such mony as should arise of the sale of those goods they were appointed to returne backe into England good store of Orchell which is a certaine kinde of mosse growing vpon high rocks in those dayes much vsed to die withall some quantity of sugar and certaine hundreds of kid-skinnes For the procuring of which and of other commodities at the best and first hand the sayd Thomas and William were to make their abode at Santa Cruz and to remaine there as factours for the abouesayd M. Nicolas Thorne And here also I thought good to signifie that in the sayd letters mention is made of one Thomas Tison an English man who before the foresayd yere 1526 had found the way to the West Indies and was there resident vnto whom the sayd M. Nicolas Thorne sent certaine armour and other commodities specified in the letter aforesayd A description of the fortunate Ilands otherwise called the Ilands of Canaria with their strange fruits and commodities composed by Thomas Nicols English man who remained there the space of seuen yeeres together MIne intent is particularly to speake of the Canaria Ilands which are seuen in number wherein I dwelt the space of seuen yeres and more because I finde such variety in sundry writers and especially great vntruths in a booke called The New found world Antarctike set out by a French man called Andrew Theuet the which
the Queenes Maiestie my Mistresse and that hee had sent them to attend vpon me it being his pleasure that I should tarie there on shoare fiue or sixe dayes for my refreshing So being mounted vpon the Iennet they conducted mee through the Towne into a faire fielde vpon the Sea-side where was a tent prouided for mee and all the ground spread wâ—th Turkie carpets and the Castle discharged a peale of ordinance and all things necessarie were brought into my tent where I both tooâ—e my table and lodging and had other conuenient tents for my seruants The souldiers enuironed the tents and watched about vs day and night as long as I lay there although I sought my speedier dispatch On the Wednesday towards night I tooke my horse and traueiled ten miles to the first place of water that we could finde and there pitched our tents till the next morning and so traueiled till ten of the clocke and then pitched our tents till foure and so traueiled as long as day light would suffer about 26 miles that day The next day being Friday I traueiled in like order but eight and twentie miles at the most and by a Riuer being about sixe miles within sight of the Citie of Marocco we pitched our tents Immediatly after came all our English marchants and the French on horsebacke to meete me and before night there came an Alcayde from the king with fiftie men diuers mules laden with victuall and banker for my supperâ— declaring vnto me how glad the king shewed himsâ—lfe to heare of the Queenes Maiestie and that his pleasure was I should be receiued into his countrey as neuer any Christian the like and desired to knowe what time the next day I would come into his citie because he would that all the Christians as also his nobilitie should meete me and willed Iohn Bampton to be with him early in the morning which he did About seuen of the clocke being accompanied with the French and English marchants and a great number of souldiers I passâ—d towards the citie and by that time I had traueiled 2 miles there met me all the Christians of the Spaniards and Portugals to receiue me which I knowe was more by the kings commandement then of any good wils of themselues for some of them although they speake me faire hung downe their heads like dogs and especially the Portugales and I countenanced them accordingly So I passed on till I came within two English miles of the Citie and then Iohn Bampton returned shewing me that the king was so glad of my comming that hee could not deuise to doe too much to shewe the good will that hee did owe to the Queenes Maiestie and her Realme His counsellers met me without the gates and at the entrie of the gates his footmen guard were placed on both sides of my horse and so brought me to the kings palace The king sate in his chaire with his Counsell about him as well the Moores as the Elchies and according to his order giuen vnto me before I there declared my message in Spanish and made deliuerie of the Queenes Maiesties letters and all that I spake at that present in Spanish hee caused one of his Elâ—hies to declare the same to the Moores present in the Larbe tongue Which done he answered me againe in Spanish yeelding to the Queenes Maiestie great thankes and offering himselfe and his countrey to bee at her Graces commaundâ—ment and then commaunded certaine of his Counsellers to conduct mee to my lodging not being farre from the Court. The house was faire after the fashion of that countrey being daily well furnished with al kind of victuall at the kings charge The same night he sent for mee to the Court and I had conference with him about the space of two houres where I throughly declared the charge committed vnto mee from her Maiestie finding him conformable willing to pleasure and not to vrge her Maiestie with any demaundes more then conueniently shee might willingly consent vnto hee knowing that out of his countrey the Realme of England might be better serued with lackes then hee in comparison from vs. Further he gaue me to vnderstand that the king of Spaine had sent vnto him for a licence that an Ambassadour of his might come into his countrey and had made great meanes that if the Queenes maiesty of England sent any vnto him that he would not giue him any credit or intertainment albeit said he I know what the king of Spaine is and what the Queene of England and her Realme is for I neither like of him nor of his religion being so gouerned by the Inquisition that he can doe nothing of himselfe Therefore when he commeth vpon the licence which I haue granted he shall well see how litle account I will make of him and Spaine and how greatly I will extoll you for the Queenes maiestie of England He shall not come to my presence as you haue done and shall dayly for I minde to accept of you as my companion and one of my house whereas he shall attend twentie dayes after he hath done his message After the end of this speech I deliuered Sir Thomas Greshams letters when as he tooke me by the hand and led me downe a long court to a palace where there ranne a faire fountaine of water and there sitting himselfe in a chaire he commanded me to sit downe in another and there called for such simple Musicians as he had Then I presented him with a great base Lute which he most thankfully accepted and then he was desirous to heare of the Musicians and I tolde him that there was great care had to prouide them and that I did not doubt but vpon my returne they should come with the first ship He is willing to giue them good intertainment with prouision of victuall and to let them liue according to their law and conscience wherein he vrgeth none to the contrary I finde him to be one that liâ—eth greatly in the feare of God being well exercised in the Scriptures as well in the olde Testament as also in the New and he beareth a greater affection to our Nation then to others because of our religion which forbiddeth worship of Idols and the Moores called him the Christian king The same night being the first of Iune I continued with him till twelue of the clocke and he seemed to haue so good liking of me that he tooke from his girdle a short dagger being set with 200 stones rubies and turkies and did bestow it vpon me and so I being conducted returned to my lodging for that time The next day because he knew it to be Sunday our Sabboth day he did let me rest But on the munday in the afternoone he sent for me and I had conference with him againe and musicke Likewise on the tuesday by three of the clocke he sent for me into his garden finding him layd vpon a
assistance to the aforesayd Iohn and his sonnes and deputies and that as well in arming and furnishing their ships or vessels as in prouision of food and in buying of victuals for their money and all other things by them to be prouided necessary for the sayd nauigation they do giue them all their helpe and fauour In witnesse whereof we haue caused to be made these our Letters patents Witnesse our selfe at Westminster the fift day of March in the eleuenth yeere of our reigne Billa signata anno 13 Henrici septimi REx tertio die Februarij anno 13 licentiam de dit Ioanni Caboto quod ipse capere possit sex naues Anglicanas in aliquo portu siue portibus regni Angâ—iae ita quod sint deportagio 200. doliorum vel subtùs cum apparatu requisito quod recipere possit in dictas naues omnes tales magistros marinarios subditos regis qui cumeo exire voluerint c. The same in English THe king vpon the third day of February in the 13 yeere of his reigne gaue licence to Iohn Caboâ— to take sixe English ships in any hauen or hauens of the realme of England being of the burden of 200 tunnes or vnder with all necessary furniture and to take also into the said ships all such masters mariners and subiects of the king as willingly will go with him c. An extract taken out of the map of Sebastian Cabot cut by Clement Adams concerning his discouery of the West Indies which is to be seene in her Maiesties priuie gallerie at Westminster and in many other ancient merchants houses ANno Domini 1497 Ioannes Cabotus Venetus Sebastianus illius filius eam terram fecerunt peruiam quam nullus priùs adire ausus fuit die 24 Iunij circiter horam quintam bene manè Hanc autem appellauit Terram primùm visam credo quod ex mari in eam partem primùm oculos inieâ—erat Nam que ex aduerso sira est insula eam appellauit insulam Diui Ioannis hac opinor ratione quòd a perta fuit eo dieÌ„ qui est sacer Diuo Ioanni Baptistae Huius incolae pelles animalium exuuiásque feraâ—um pro indumentis habent easque tanti faciunt quanti nos vestes preciosissimas Cùm bellum gerunt vtuntur aâ—cu sagittis hastis spiculis clauis ligneis fundis Tellus sterilis est neque vllos fructus affert ex quo fit vt vrsis albo colore ceruis inusitatae apud nos magnitudinis referta sit piscibus abundar ijsque sane magnis quales sunt lupi marini quos salmones vulgus appellat soleae autem reperiuntur tam longae vt vlnae mensuram excedant Imprimis autem magna est copia eorum piscium quos vulgari sermone vocant Bacallaos Gignuntur in ea insula accipitres ita nigti vt coruorum similitudinem mirum in modum exprimant perdices autem aquilae sunt nigri coloris The same in English IN the yere of our Lord 1497 Iohn Câ—bot a Uenetian and his sonne Sebastian with an English fleet set out from Bristoll discouered that land which no man before that time had attempted on the 24 of Iune about fiue of the clockâ— early in the morning This land he called Prima vista that is to say First seene because as I suppose it was that part whereof they had the first sight from sea That Island which lieth out before the land he called the Island of S. Iohn vpon this occasion as I thinke because it was discouered vpon the day of Iohn the Baptist. The inhabitants of this Island vse to weare beasts skinnes and haue them in as great estimation as we haue our finest garments In their warres they vse bowes arrowes pikes darts woodden clubs and slings The saile is barren in some places yeeldeth litle fruit but it is full of white beares and stagges farre greater then ours It yeeldeth plenty of fish and those very great as seales and those which commonly we call salmons there are soles also aboue a yard in length but especially there is great abundance of that kinde of fish which the Sauages call baccalaos In the same Island also there bréed hauks but they are so blacke that they are very like to rauens as also their partridges and egles which are in like sort blacke A discourse of Sebastian Cabot touching his discouery of part of the West India out of England in the time of king Henry the seuenth vsed to Galeacius Butrigarius the Popes Legate in Spaine and reported by the sayd Legate in this sort DOe you not vnderstand sayd he speaking to certaine Gentlemen of Venice how to passe to India toward the Northwest as did of late a citizen of Venice so valiant a man and so well practised in all things pertaining to nauigations and the science of Cosmographie that at this present he hath not his like in Spaine insomuch that for his vertues he is preferred aboue all other pilots that saile to the West Indies who may not passe thither without his licence and is therefore called Piloto mayor that is the grand Pilot. And when we sayd that we knew him not he proceeded saying that being certaine yeres in the city of Siuil and desirous to haue some knowledge of the nauigations of the Spanyards it was tolde him that there was in the city a valiant man a Uenetian borne named Sebastian Cabot who had the charge of those things being an expert man in that science and one that coulde make Cardes for the Sea with his owne hand and that by this report seeking his acquaintance hee found him a very gentle person who intertained him friendly and shewed him many things and among other a large Mappe of the world with certaine particuler Nauigations as well of the Portugals as of the Spaniards and that he spake further vnto him to this effect When my father departed from Venice many yeeres since to dwell in England to follow the trade of marchandises hee tooke mee with him to the citie of London while I was very yong yet hauing neuerthelesse some knowledge of letters of humanitie and of the Sphere And when my father died in that time when newes were brought that Don Christopher Colonus Genuese had discouered the coasts of India whereof was great talke in all the Court of king Henry the 7. who then raigned insomuch that all men with great admiration affirmed it to be a thing more diuine then humane to saile by the West into the East where spices growe by a way that was neuer knowen before by this fame and report there increased in my heart a great flame of desire to attempt some notable thing And vnderstanding by reason of the Sphere that if I should saile by way of the Northwest I should by a shorter tract come into India I thereupon caused the King to be aduertised of my deuise who immediatly commanded two Caruels to bee furnished
Currants The I le de Flores The I le of Coruo Where they lost the sight of the North starre How the compasse doâ—th varie The Primrose The towne of Samma Golde Gold foure hundreth â—â—â—â—gâ—â— Graines Elephants teeth The head of an Elephant Sir Andrew Iudde The contemplations of Gods worâ—s The description and pâ—â—â—â—â—â—ies of the Elephant Debate betweene the Elephant the Dragon Sanguis Draconis Cinnabaris Three kinds of Elephants Workes of Iuorie The people of Africa Libya interior â—â—tulâ—â— AEthiope Nigrite The riuer Nigritis or Senega â— strange thing Garamantes People of Libya Prester Iohn Regnum Orguene Gambra Guinea Cabo Verde The Portugals Nauigation to Brasile Aethiopia The 7 Bank of Meroe The Queene of Saba Prester Iohn Emperour of Aethiopia People of the Eastside of Africa People without heads Myrth Azania Regnum Melinde Aethiopia interior White Elephants Habasia Iâ—â—â—hiophagi Anthropophagi Monteâ— Lunae Gazatia Cap. bonç Spei Africa without colde The winter of Africa Flames of fire and noise in the aire The middle region of the aire 〈◊〉 cold The sâ—â—â—â—e of Elements Winde The heate of the Moone The nature of the starres Spoutes of water falling out of the aire Cataracts of heauen Uehement motions in the Sea A strange thing The power of nature They rase their skinnes Fiue iewels A bracelet Shackles Kings Dogs chaines of golde A muske cat Their houses Their feeding Flying fishes A strange thing Their bread Their wheat The Sunne Their drinke Graines â—â—els that â—leaue to ships Barnacles Bromas A secret The death of our men Fiue blacke Moues brought vnto England Colde may be better abiden then heate September October Nouember Porto Santo Madera Tenerif Palma Gomera Ferro Riuer del Oro. A Caruell taken Great store of fish vpon the coast of Barbary The Tropike of Cancer in 23. and a halfe Cape Blanke Cape Verde The coast of Guinea The Currant setting Eastward Riuer S. Vincent Cloth made of the barke of trees The Negroes race their skinnes Graines of Guinea Elephants teeth The description of their Townes and houses Diago the name of a Captaine The latitude of S. Vincent riuer is 4. degrees and a halfe Leaues of exceeding length Long pease stalkes Long womens breasts The language about the Riuer of S. Vincent The tides and nature of the shoare The point of Palmas * That was the yere 1554. The tides running Eastward A Towne Many Palme trees Cape Tres puntas Their maner of swearing by the water of the Sea Two townes Cape Tres puntas The towne of Don Iohn Their weapons 60. Portugales in the castle of Mina The English in anno 1554 tooke away 5 Negroes This language seemeth partly to be corrupt Sight of the castle of Mina Don Iohns towne described The Portugales of the castle of Mina inuaded our men The towne of Don Iohn de Viso Foure men taken away by the English A great towne The like they doe in the countrey of Prete lanni Master Roberâ— Gainshes voyage to Guâ—â—ea uâ— anno 1554. The English were offered to buâ—â—d a towne in Gâ—â—ne A Portugale Brigandine Februarie They returne for England Cape de Monte. March Cape Verde in latitude 14 degrâ—es a halfe Aprill May. Their arriual â—t Bristoll Nouember December Sierra Leona The riuer of Sestos They admit certaine Frenchmen into their companie An assault vpon elephants Rio de S. Andre Captaine Blundel the French Admirall Allow Dondoâ— a great towne The castle of Mina Cape de Tres puntas Bulle Hanâ—a Shamma The Negros brought â—ome by our men * Note Robert Gaynsh Hanta Fiue sailes of Portiugals descried The fight with the Portugals The French foâ—sake our men Februarie George our Negro Two Portugalâ— slaine by the Engliâ—h The Frenchmen bridled by the English Iâ—ing Abaan The offer of the king to the English to build a Fort. A towne in circuit as big as London A pretie deuise to descrit the enemie The kings friendly entertainment of oâ—r men Their ceremonies in drinking Mowâ—e Lagoua They returneâ— Ships of Portugall Cape Mensâ—rado Two small Ilands by Sierra Leona Note A Freâ—ch bâ—as uado It is to be vnderstood that at this time there was warre betwixt England and France The French mens goods seazed in the time of the warre vpoâ— the losse of Tales Two English Marcâ—ants Ligiers in the Grand Canary The Spanish West Indian fleet oâ— nineteene saile Rio del Oro. Francis Castelin Cape verde Foure Ilands A great trade of the Frenchmen at Cape â—erde A faire Iland where the French trade Elephants teeth muske and hides Cabo de Monte. The riuer de Sestos Rio de Potos They descrie fiâ—e saile of the Portugals The fight Lagua Periâ—nen Weamba Peâ—ecow Egâ—â—nd The English boord the Frenchmen Fifty pound of golde taken in the French prise Benin Our men die of sicknesse Sicknesse Mowre The great towne of Don Iohn Cormatin A fight with the Negros Note They put the Frenchmen with victuals into the pinnesse Shamma burnt by the English Their returne homeward The currant S. Thome Iland The description of the â—le of S. Thome The Iland of Salt The great inconuâ—nience by late sâ—aying vpon the coast of Guinie The Tyger giuen vp Extreame weaknesse of our men The English marchants intend to fortifie in Ghinea in the king of Habaans countrey The king of Haban Capo verde Rio de Sestos The Minion Rio de Potis Rio de S. Andre Cauo das palmas Cauo de tres puntas Anta Equi Two galies Mowre Cormantin Much hurt done in the Minion with firing a barrel of gunpouder They returne Rio de Barbos The blacke pinnasse Rio de Sesto The Minion of the Queene The firing and sâ—nking of the Merline bound for Guinea They meet their Admirall againe A good caueat Cape Verde The foolish rashnes of Wil. Bats perswading the company to land vnarmed Ciuet muske gold grains the commoditieâ— of Cape Verde The Negros trecherie A French interpreter for Cape Verde The danger of poisonâ—d arrowes The answere of the Negros Bona vista A good admonition Banished Portugals Great store of goates The I le of Maiyo S. Iago The treason of the Portugals in S. Iago to our men The Isle of Fuego Mill. Cotton in Fuego The Isle of Braua They returne March Aprill Woad May. A Portugall Galiasse of 400 tunnes A fight betweene one English ship and 7 Portugals The 7 Portugals depart with shame from one English ship Iune A Portugall ship notwithstanding all their vilanies defended by one men from Rouers M. Hogan his arriual at Azafi in Barbarie May. â—n Barbary theâ— haue no Innes but they lodge in open fieldes where they can find water The singular humaniâ—ie of the king to our Ambassadour The Spaniards and Poâ—â—â—gales were coÌ„mandeâ— by the king in paine of death to â—eete thâ— Enâ—lish Ambasâ—adour The king of Spaine sought to disgrace the Queene heâ— Ambassour The king of Barbarie sent into England for Musicians A rich gift bestowed vpon our Ambassadour Iune The
Floridians measure their moneths by the reuolutions of the Moone The arriual of Captaine Iohn Ribault at the Fort the 28 of August 1565. Note False reâ—oâ—ts of laâ—d 〈◊〉 to the Admiral of Fâ—ance The danger of bâ—ckbiting Alcibiades banâ—shed by backbiters Laudonâ—ere receiuing of Captaine Ribault Letters of the Lord Admiâ—all vnto Laudonnieâ—e Accusations against him Laudonniereâ— answere thereunto Fiue Indian kings The mouÌ„tans of Apalatcy wherein Aâ—e mines or perfect gold Sicroa Pira red mettall Perfect gold Good meanes to auoid the danger of fire September 4. The Spaniards vndermining and surprizing of the French The riuer Seloy or the riuer of Dolphins but 8 or 10 leagues ouer land from the fort but it is thirty doubling the Cape by sea Dangerous flawes of wind on the coast of Florida in September King Emola A village and riuer both of that caâ—e An aduertisment of my Lord Admiral to Captaine Ribault Captaine Ribault â—mbarkment Sept. 8. The tenth of September A mighty tempest the tenth of Sept. Lauâ—onnierâ— hardly vsed by Ribault 〈…〉 and â—is company begin 〈◊〉 fortifie themselueâ— A muster of the men left in the fort by Ribault Fourescore and fiue left in the fort with Laudonnieâ—e The Spanyards discepâ—d the 20 of September The Spaniards enter the fort Francis Iean a traitour to his nation Don Pedro Melendes captaine of the Spaniards Laudonnierâ— escape Iohn du Chemin a faithfull seruant The diligence of the Chaâ—neâ—s to saue them that escaped out of the fort Among these was Iaques Morâ—ues painter sometime liuing in the Black fâ—yers in London Francis Iean cause of thiâ— enterprise The bad dealing of Iames Ribault Our returne into France thâ— 25. of September 1565. October 28. Nouember 10 The chanel of Saint George 〈◊〉 aâ—riuall in Sâ—ansey Baâ— in Glamorgan shire in South-Wales The courtesie of oâ—â— Master Morgan Bâ—isâ—oll London Monsieur de Foix Ambassadour for the French king in England The conclusion The causes why the French lost Florida The French Fleete cast away on the coast of Florida The chanell of Bahama betweene Florida and the Isles of Lucayos The Frenchmens landing at the Riuer Tacatacouru Eight sauagâ— kings The kings seate Complaints of thâ— Sauages against the Spanyards Two chainâ—s of siluer giuen to Gourgues Peter de Bré had liued aboue two yeeres with Satourieua Three pledges deliuered to Gourgues by Satourioua The riuer of Salinacani called Somme by the French The riuer of Sarauâ—hi The estate oâ— the Spanyards in Florida The riuer of Saracary or Sarauaâ—â— The assault and taking of the first Fort. The valure of Olotocara The assault and taking of the second fort The Sauages great swimmers The Spaniards of the second Fort all sâ—aâ—ie Note A notable Spanish subtiltâ—e The cause why the Floridian bury their goods with them Notâ— The slaughteâ— of the Spaniards of the third Forâ— The taking of the third Fort. The 〈◊〉 hanged ouâ—â— the French and Spaniards slame Flâ—â—â—â— The three Forts râ—â—ed Great honour done by the Sauages to 〈◊〉 Kniues in great estimation The third of May. The arriuall of Gourgues at Rochel the sixt of Iune Che-de Bois The birth life and death of captaine Gourgues Wateri which is able to receiue any Fleete of ships of great burden a goodly riuer La grand Copaâ— a rich citie Oâ—â—n Store of golde siluer and precious stones in Topira Topâ—ra Another greater Prouince Those man seeme to be the Piniâ—â—â— euer one â—â—â—rier Marcus de Niâ—a in his 2. Chap. This was the Port of Santa Cruz in the Isle of California Valle de los Corazones mentioned by Vasquez de Coronado cap. 1. Petatlan a towne The Island of 〈…〉 A great island and 30. small islands which serue to be the new islands of California rich in pearles A desert foure dayes iourney This was the 〈…〉 Vacupa a towne 4â— leaguâ—s from 〈◊〉 Baâ— of 〈◊〉 From Vacupa to Ceuola are 37 dayes iourney Great pearles and 〈◊〉 golde in the Isle of California which he is in number Another village This graduation is mistaken by 6. or â— degrees at the 〈◊〉 Marata lieth toward the Southeast â—otâ—nteac lyeth â—est A mightie beast with one horne Fifteene Dâ—â—â—â— iourney from the end of the desert to Ceuola or Ciuâ—lâ— The second desert entred the 9 of May. Twelue dayes iourney â—ost rich 〈◊〉 of gold and siluer in the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ce the 〈◊〉 Totonteac the greatest â—â—d most populâ—â—â—rouince A desert A second desert Compostella in 21 degrees of latitude This was but 2â—0 leagues â—rom Mexico Frier Maâ—â—â—â—â—f Nâ—â— The riuer of Lachimi The valley of the pâ—ople called Caracones Vâ—lle del Seâ—nor The valley de loâ— Caâ—aâ—ones distant fiuâ— dâ—yes iourney from the Westâ—â—ne â—â—a Sâ—â—â—n or eighâ— Isles which are the Isles of California A ship seene oâ— the seâ— câ—â—â—t Chichilticâ—â—â— â—â— dayes iouâ—ney from the seâ— This Câ—iâ—â—iâ—â—icale is indeed but in 28 deâ— The â—3 oâ— Iune Don Garcia Lâ—peâ— de Caâ—denas A godly and fruitfull countrâ—y found Riâ— dâ—l Linâ— A wise forecast The treason of the Indians Great â—orecâ—st and diligeâ—ce of the Campe-maâ—â—er They arriue at the citie â—â— of â—ibola The arrâ—gancie of the pâ—ople of Cibola Commandement to vse gentlenesse to the Sauages There were 800 men within the towne Gomaâ—a Hist. gen cap. 213. They defend the wals with stones like those of Hochelaga Eâ—â—â—llâ—nt houses â—oure or fiue â—oftes high Cibola is a â—rouince conâ—â—â—ning sâ—uâ—n towâ—â—â— Fiue hundâ—ed housâ—s in Graâ—adâ— A painte necâ—ssariâ— in a nâ—w discouery Painted maâ—tles Store of Turquâ—â—es Emralds Granatâ—s Crhâ—â—â—all Eâ—â—elâ—ent and very â—â—eat cocks Gâ—mara hist. gen Cap 213. saâ—th that the coldâ— is by reaâ—on of the â—igâ— mountaines A wood of Cedars Excellent grasse Deere hares and couies â—ery good salte The Westernâ— sea within 150. leagues from Cibola Beares Tigers Lions Porkespicks mightie sheep wilde goates Wilde Bores Deere Ounces Stagges Theâ—â—rauaile 8. daâ—es iourney toward the North sea Oxe hides dressed and painted very cunningly Totonteac is an hotte lake Tadouac seemeth because it is a lake and endeth in it to haue some affinitie herewith Other townes neere a riuer Turqâ—â—ses Manâ—lâ—s The Indians flee to the hiâ— with their wiues châ—â—â—dren and goods A citie greatâ— then Granada Twâ— tableâ— painted by thâ— Indianâ— one of bâ—astâ— â—nother oâ— birdes and fishes An old pâ—ophecie that â—hose parts should be suâ—dued by Châ—â—â—â—â—ans They worship the water Seuen cities farre from Granada Tucâ—â—o The Spaniards virtualling in discouerie A garment excellently imbroidered with needle worke An orelude â—ertaine Turquâ—â—es The death of Stephan the Negro Acucu Gold and siluer found in Cibola Acuco The Westerne sea discouered Tiguâ—â— Aâ—a and Quiuiray A townâ— burne Another town assaulted Maâ—tles Turqueses Feathers Precious things Melons Cotton Large mantles Cicuic fourâ— dayes iourney from Tiguâ—â— Quâ—â—ira â—â—eapes of 〈◊〉 dâ—â—â— made for markes to know the way The Spaniards râ—turne to 〈◊〉 and so to Mexico 154â— Tâ—e Spaniards wouâ—d haue inhabited the countrey Ships seâ—ne on tâ—e sea coast
And yet not containing themselues within all that maine circumference they haue aduentured their persons shippes and goods homewards and outwards foureteene times ouer the vnknowen and dangerous Caspian sea that valiant wise and personable gentleman M. Anthonie Ienkinson being their first ring-leader who in Anno 1558. sailing from Astracan towards the East shore of the Caspian sea and there arriuing at the port of Mangusla trauelled thence by Vrgence and Shelisur and by the riuers of Oxus and Ardok 40. dayes iourney ouer desert and wast countreys to Boghar a principall citie of Bactria being there by the way friendly entertained dismissed and safely conducted by certaine Tartarian kings and Murses Then haue you a second Nauigation of his performance to the South shore of the foresayd Caspian sea together with his landing at Derbent his arriuall at Shabran his proceeding vnto Shamaky the great curtesie vouchsafed on him by Obdolowcan king of Hircan his iourney after of 30. dayes Southward by Yauate Ardouil and other townâ—s and cities to Casben being as then the seate imperiall of Shaugh Thamas the great Sophy of Persia with diuers other notable accidents in his going foorth in his abode there and in his returne home Immediately after you haue set downe in fiue seuerall voiages the successe of M. Ienkinsons laudable and well-begun enterprise vnder the foresayd Shaugh Thamas vnder Shally Murzey the new king of Hircan and lastly our traffique with Osman Basha the great Turkes lieutenant at Derbent Moreouer as in M. Ienkinsons trauel to Boghar the Tartars with their territories habitations maner of liuing apparell food armour c. are most liuely represented vnto you so likewise in the sixe Persian Iournals you may here and there obserue the state of that countrey of the great Shaugh and of his subiects together with their religion lawes customes maner of gouernment their coines weights and measures the distances of places the temperature of the climate and region and the natural commodities and discommodities of the same Furthermore in this first Volume all the Ambassages and Negotiations from her Maiestie to the Russian Emperor or from him vnto her Maiestie seemed by good right to chalenge their due places of Record As namely first that of M. Randolph 1568. then the emploiment of M. Ienkinson 1571. thirdly Sir Ierome Bowes his honorable commission and ambassage 1582. and last of all the Ambassage of M. Doct. Fletcher 1588. Neither do we forget the Emperours first Ambassador Osep Napea his arriuall in Scotland his most honourable entertainment and abode in England and his dismission into Russeland In the second place we doe make mention of Stephen Tuerdico and Pheodata Pogoâ—ella thirdly of Andrea Sauin and lastly of Pheodor Andrewich Phisemski And to be briefe I haue not omitted the Commissions Letters Priuileges Instructions Obseruations or any other Particulars which might serue both in this age and with all posteritie either for presidents in such like princely and weightie actions to bee imitated or as woorthy monuments in no wise to bee buried in silence Finally that nothing should be wanting which might adde any grace or shew of perfection vnto this discourse of Russia I haue prefixed before the beginning thereof the petigree and genealogie of the Russian Emperors and Dukes gathered out of their owne Chronicles by a Polonian containing in briefe many notable antiquities and much knowledge of those partes as likewise about the conclusion I haue signified in the branch of a letter the last Emperour Pheodor Iuanowich his death and the inauguration of Boris Pheodorowich vnto the Empire But that no man should imagine that our forren trades of merchandise haue bene comprised within some few yeeres or at least wise haue not bene of any long continuance let vs now withdraw our selues from our affaires in Russia and ascending somewhat higher let vs take a sleight suruey of our traffiques and negotiations in former ages First therefore the Reader may haue recourse vnto the 124 page of this Volume there with great delight and admiration consider out of the iudicial Historiographer Cornelius Tacitus that the Citie of London fifteene hundred yeeres agoe in the time of Nero the Emperour was most famous for multitude of merchants and concourse of people In the pages folowing he may learne out of Venerable Beda that almost 900. yeeres past in the time of the Saxons the said citie of London was multorum emporium populorum a Mart-towne for many nations There he may behold out of William of Malmesburie a league concluded betweene the most renoumed and victorious Germane Emperour Carolus Magnus and the Saxon king Offa together with the sayd Charles his patronage and protection granted vnto all English merchants which in those dayes frequented his dominions There may bee plainly see in an auncient testimonie translated out of the Saxon tongue how our merchants were often woont for traffiques sake so many hundred yeeres since to crosse the wide Seas and how their industry in so doing was recompensed Yea there mayest thou obserue friendly Reader what priuileges the Danish king Canutus obtained at Rome of Pope Iohn of Conradus the Emperour and of king Rudolphus for our English merchants Aduenturers of those times Then if you shall thinke good to descend vnto the times and ages succeeding the conquest there may you partly see what our state of merchandise was in the time of king Stephen and of his predecessor and how the Citie of Bristol which may seeme somewhat strange was then greatly resorted vnto with ships from Norway and from Ireland There may you see the friendly league betweene king Henry the second and the famous Germane Emperour Friderick Barbarossa and the gracious authorizing of both their merchaÌ„ts to traffique in either of their dominions And what need I to put you in mind of king Iohn his fauourable safe-conduct whereby all forren merchants were to haue the same priuileges here in England which our English merchants enioied abroad in their seuerall countreys Or what should I signifie vnto you the entercourse of league and of other curtesies betweene king Henry the third and Haquinus king of Norway and likewise of the free trade of merchandise between their subiects or tell you what fauours the citizens of Colen of Lubek and of all the Hanse-townes obtained of king Edward the first or to what high endes and purposes the generall large and stately Charter concerning all outlandish merchants whatsoeuer was by the same prince most graciously published You are of your owne industry sufficiently able to conceiue of the letters negotiatioÌ„s which passed between K. Edward the 2. Haquinus the Noruagian king of our English merchants and their goods detained vpon arrest at Bergen in Norway and also of the first ordination of a Staple or of one onely setled Mart-towne for the vttering of English woolls woollen fells instituted by the sayd K. Edward last before named All which Reader being throughly considered I referre you then
commandement to handle discusse and finally to determine the foresaid busines and with letters of credence vnto the right reuerend lord and master generall aforesayd Which ambassadours together with Iohn Beuis of London their informer and the letters aforesaid and their ambassage the said right reuerend lord and Master generall at his castle of Marienburgh the 28. of Iuly in the yeare aforesaid reuerently and honourably receiued and enterteined and in his minde esteemed them worthy to treate and decide the causes aforesayd and so vnto the sayd ambassadouurs he ioyned in commission on his behalfe three of his owne counsellers namely the honourable and religious personages Conradus de Walrode great commander Seiffridus Walpode de Bassenheim chiefe hospitalary and commander in Elburg Wolricus Hachenberger treasurer being all of the order aforesaid Which ambassadors so entreating about the premisses and sundry conferences and consultations hauing passed between them friendly and with one consent concluded an agreement and concord in manner following That is to say First that all arrestments reprisals and impignorations of whatsoeuer goods and marchandises in England and Prussia made before the date of these presents are from henceforth quiet free and released without all fraud and dissimulation insomuch that the damages charges and expenses occasioned on both parts by reason of the foresayd goods arrested are in no case hereafter to be required or chalenged by any man but the demaunds of any man whatsoeuer propounded in this regard are and ought to be altogether frustrate and voide and all actions which may or shall be commenced by occasion of the sayd goods arrested are to be extinct and of none effect Moreouer it is secondly concluded and agreed that all and singuler Prussians pretending themselues to be iniuried by the English at the Porte of Swen or elsewhere howsoeuer and whensoeuer before the date of these presents hauing receiued the letters of the foresaide right reuerende lord and Master generall and of the cities of their abode are to repayre towards England vnto the sayd hon embassadours who are to assist them and to propound and exhibite their complaintes vnto the forenamed lord and king The most gracious prince is bounde to doe his indeuor that the parties damnified may haue restitution of their goods made vnto them or at least complete iustice and iudgement without delay Also in like maner all English men affirming themselues to haue bene endamaged by Prussians wheresoeuer howsoeuer and whensoeuer are to haue recourse vnto the often forenamed right reuerend lorde the Master generall with the letters of their king and of the cities of their aboad propounding their complaints and causes vnto him Who likewise is bound to doe his indeuour that the sayd losses and damages may be restored or at the least that speedie iudgement may be without all delayes executed This caueat being premised in each clause that it may and shall be freely granted and permitted vnto euery man that will ciuilly make his suite and complaint to doe it either by himselfe or by his procurator or procurators Also thirdly it is agreed that whosoeuer of Prussia is determined criminally to propound his criminal complaints in England namely that his brother or kinseman hath beene slaine wounded or maimed by English men the same partie is to repayre vnto the citie of London in England and vnto the sayd ambassadors bringing with him the letters of the sayd right reuerend lord the master generall and of the cities of their abode which ambassadors are to haue free and full authority according to the complaints of the men of Prussia and the answers of the English men to make and ordaine a friendly reconciliation or honest recompence betweene such parties which reconciliation the sayd parties reconciled are bound vndoubtedly without delay to obserue But if there be any English man found who shall rashly contradict or contâ—mne the composition of the foresayd ambassadors then the sayd ambassadours are to bring the forenamed Prussian plaintifes before the presence of the kings Maiestie and also to make supplication on the behalfe of such plaintifes that complete iustice and iudgment may without delayes bee administred according as those suites are commenced Moreouer whatsoeuer English man against whom anie one of Prussia would enter his action shall absent himselfe at the terme the sayd ambassadours are to summon and ascite the foresayd English man to appeare at the terme next insuing that the plaintifes of Prussia may in no wise seeme to depart or to returne home without iudgâ—ment or the assistance of lawe Nowe if the sayd English man being summoned shall be found stubborne or disobedient the forenamed ambassadours are to make their appeale and supplication in manner aforesayd And in like sorte in all respects shall the English plaintifes be dealt withall in Prussia namely in the citie of Daâ—tzik where the deputies of the sayd citie and of the citie of Elburg shal take vnto themselues two other head boroughs one of Dantzik and the other of Elburg which foure commissioners are to haue in al respects the very like authority of deciding discussing and determining all criminall complaints propounded criminally by English men against any Prussian or Prussians by friendly reconciliation or honest recompense if it be possible But if it cannot friendly be determined or if anie Prussian shall not yeeld obedience vnto any such order or composition but shal be found to contradict and to contemne the same from thenceforth the said foure deputies and headboroughs are to make their appeale and supplication vnto the Master generall of the land aforesayd that vnto the sayd English plaintifes speedy iudgement and complete iustice may be administred But if it shall so fall out that any of the principall offenders shall decease or already are deceased in either of the sayd countries that then it shall bee free and lawfull for the plaintife to prosecute his right against the goods or heires of the party deceased Also for the executing of the premisses the termes vnder written are appointed namely the first from the Sunday whereupon Quasi modo geniti is to be sung next ensuing vntill the seuenth day following The second vpon the feast oâ— the holy Trinitie next to come and for seuen dayes following The third vpon the eight day after Saint Iohn Baptist next to come for seuen daies following The fourth last and peremptory terme shall be vpon the feast of S. Michael next to come and vpon seuen dayes next following And from thenceforth all causes which concerne death or the mayming of a member with all actions proceeding from them are to remaine altogether voide and extinct And if peraduenture any one of the foresayd ambassadours shall in the meane season dye then the other two shall haue authoritie to chuse a third vnto them And if after the date of these presents any cause great or small doth arise or spring foorth it must bee decided in England and in Prussia as it hath
the ambassadors of England and the messengers commissioners of Prussia met together at the towne of Hage in Holland the 28. day of August in the yere of our lord 1407. And there was a treaty between theÌ„ concerning the summe 25934. nobles and an halfe demanded on the behalfe of the sayd Master generall for amends and recompense in consideration of wrongs offered vnto himselfe and vnto his subiects of Prussia as is aforesayd Also the sayd Master and his Prussians besides the summe not yet declared in the articles which is very small are to rest contented and satisfied with the summe of 8957. nobles in lieu of al the damages aforesaid no times of paâ—ment being then assigned or limited but afterward to be reasonably limited and assigned by our sayd soueraigne lord the king Insomuch that our said soueraigne lord the king is to write his ful intention determination concerning this matter in his letters to be deliuered the 16. day of March vnto the aldermen of the marchants of the Hans residing at Bruges Otherwise that from thenceforth all league of friendship shall bee dissolued betweene the realme of England and the land of Prussia Also it is farther to be noted that in the appointment of the summe next before written to be disbursed out of England this condition was added in writing namely that if by lawful testimonies it may sufficiently and effectually be prooued concerning the chiefe articles aboue written or any part of them that satisfaction was made vnto any of those parties to whom it was due or that the goods of and for the which complaint was made on the the behalfe of Prussia in the sayd articles did or doe pertayne vnto others or that any other iust true or reasonable cause may lawfully be proued alledged why the foresaid sums or any of them ought not to be payed that theÌ„ in the summes contained in the articles abouementioned so much only must be cut off or stopped as shal be found either to haue bene payd already or to appertaine vnto others or by any true iust and reasonable cause alleaged not to be due Neither is it to be doubted but for the greater part of the summe due vnto the Prussians that not our lord the king but others which will in time be nominated are by all equity and iustice to be compelled to make satisfaction Also at the day and place aboue mentioned it was appointed and agreed vpon that our lord the king and his liege subiects for the said 4535. nobles demanded of the Engliâ—h in consideration of recompense to be made for iniuries offered vnto the Prussians are to discharge pay the summe of 764. nobles which are not as yet disbursed but they haue reserued a petition to them vnto whom the sayd summe is due or if they please there shal be made satisfaction which will be very hard and extreme dealing Item that in the last assembly of the sayd ambassadors of England and messengers of Prussia holden at Hage made as is aforesayd for the behalfe of England there were exhibited anew certaine articles of iniuries against the Prussians The value of which losses amounted vnto the summe of 1825. nobles and three shillings Item on the contrary part for the behalfe of the Prussians the summe of 1355. nobles eight shillings and sixe pence Item forasmuch as diuers articles propounded as well on the behalfe of England as of Prussia and of the cities of the Hans both heretofore and also at the last conuention holden at Hage were so obscure that in regard of their obscurity there could no resolute answere bee made vnto them and other of the sayd articles exhibited for want of sufficient proofes could not clearely be determined vpon it was appointed and concluded that all obscure articles giuen vp by any of the foresayd parties whatsoeuer ought before the end of Easter then next ensuing and within one whole yeare after to be declared before the Chancelour of England for the time being and other articles euidently exhibited but not sufficiently proued to be proued vnder paine of perpetuall exclusion Which being done accordingly complete iustice shall be administred on both parts Item as concerning the eleuenth article for the behalfe of the Prussians first exhibited which conteined losses amounting vnto the summe of 2445. nobles as touching the first article on the behalfe of England exhibited in the land of Prussia conteining losses which amouÌ„ted to the summe of 900. nobles after many things alleadged on both parts relation thereof shall be made in the audience of the king and of the Master generall so that they shall set downe ordaine and determine such an ende and conclusion of those matters as shall seeme most expedient vnto them Now concerning the Liuonians who are subiect vnto the great Master of Prussia IN primis that the Master of Prussia demaunded of the sayd English ambassadours at their being in Prussia on the behalfe of them of Liuonia who are the sayd Master his liege people to haue restitution of their losses vniustly as he sayth offered vnto them by the English namely for the robbing and rifling of three ships The value of which ships and of the goods contained in them according to the computation of the Liuonian marchants doeth amount vnto the summe of 8037. pound 12. shillings 7. pence Howbeit afterward the trueth being inquired by the sayd ambassadors of England the losse of the Liuonians exceedeth not the summe of 7498. pound 13. shillings 10. pence halfepeny farthing Item forasmuch as in the sayd ships on the behalfe of the sayd Master and of certaine cities of the Hans there are alleadged aboue 250. men very barbarously to be drowned of whome some were noble and others honourable personages and the rest common marchants mariners there was demaunded in the first dyet or conuention holden at Dordract a recompense at the handes of the sayd English ambassadors albeit this complaint was exhibited in the very latter end of al the negotiations informe of a scedule the tenor whereof is in writing at this present beginneth in maner following Cum vita hominum c. Howbeit in the last conuention holden at Hage as is aforesaid it was concluded betweene the ambassadours of England and the messengers and commissioners of the land of Prussia and of the cities of the Hans that our sayd soueraigne lord the king should of his great pietie vouchsafe effectually to deuise some conuenient and wholesome remedie for the soules of such persons as were drowned Item that our sayd soueraigne lord the king will signifie in writing his full purpose intention as touching this matter vnto the aldermen of the Hans marchants residing at Bruges vpon the sixteenth day of March next following Otherwise that from hencefoorth all amity and friendship betweene the realme of England and the land of Prussia shall be dissolued Neither is it to be doubted but that a great part of the sayd goods for the which they of
statutes ordinations and prohibitions al English marchants whatsoeuer resorting vnto the land of Prussia must be firmely bounden and subiect Also it is ordained that whatsoeuer sale-clothes are already transported or at any time hereafter to bee transported out of England into Prussia by the English marchants and shall there be offered to bee solde whether they be whole cloathes or halfe cloathes they must containe both their endes Lastly that the matters aboue-mentioned fall not short and voyde of their wished effect the treaty and conference about all and singular damages and grieuances whereof there is not as yet done but there must be by the vertue of these presents performed a reformation and amendment must be continued and proroged vntill the first of May next ensuing as by these presents they are continued and proroged with the continuation of the dayes then immediately following at the towne of Dordract aforesaide at the which time and place or at other times and places in the meane space as occasion shall serue by both parties to be limited and assigned or else within oue yeere after the said first day of the moneth of May next ensuing bee expired the hurt and damaged parties generally before-mentioned shall haue performed vuto them a conuenient iust and reasonable reformation on both partes Prouided alwayes if within the terme of the saide yeere some conuenient iust and reasonable reformation bee not performed vnto the parties iniuried and endamaged which are generally aboue mentioned that then within three whole moneths after the foresaid yere shall expired the Prussians shall depart out of the realmes and dominions of the saide Soueraigne Lorde the king of England together with their marchandize and with other goods which they shal haue gotten or bought within the space of the foresaide three moneths and that the English men also are likewise in all respects bounden to auoid and no lawfull impediment hindering them to withdrawe themselues and to depart out of the territories and dominions of the saide Master generall without all molestation◠perturbation and impediment whatsoeuer none other intimation or admonition being necessarie in this regard Howbeit least that by the robberies and piracies of some insolent and peruerse people matter should be ministred vnto the said lord the Master generall of swaruing from the faithfull obseruation of the foresaide agreements or which God forbid any occasion bee giuen him of not obseruing them it is also decreed by the often aboue mentioned Ambassadours and messengers that if the goods and marchandize of any of the saide lorde Master generall his subiectes whatsoeuer shall be from hencefoorth vniustly taken vpon the Sea by any English Pirates and shal be caried into the realme of England and there receiued that the Gouernours and keepers of portes and of other places with whatsoeuer names they be called at the which portes and places such marchandises and goods shall chaunce to arriue beeing onely informed of the saide goods and marchandises by sole report or other proofes wanting by probable suspition are bound to arrest and to keep them in safe custodie fauourably to be restored vnto the owners therof whensoeuer they shall be lawfully demaunded which if they shall omit or deny to performe from thenceforth the saide gouernours and keepers are bound to make vnto the parties endamaged a recompease of their losses And for fault of iustice to be executed by the said gouernours and keepers our soueraign lord the king aboue named after he shall conueniently be requested by the parties damnified is bound within three moneths next ensuing all lawfull impediments being excepted to make correspondent iust and reasonable satisfaction vnto the saide parties endamaged Otherwise that it shal be right lawfull for the saide lorde the Master generall to arrest and after the arrest to keepe in safe custodie the goods of the English marchants being in the land of Prussia to the condigne satisfaction of such iniuries as haue bene offered vnto his subiects vntill his said subiects be iustly and reasonably contented Likewise also in all respects the same iustice is to be done vnto the English by the said Lord the Master generall and his subiects in Prussia euen as it hath bene enacted and decreed in the aboue written clause beginning Caeterum ne per c. In English Howbeit least that c. for the said Master general and his subiects by the foresaide ambassadors of England and the commissioners of the said lord the Master generall that in like cases iustice ought to be administred on the behalfe of himselfe and of his subiects in the realme of England And that all and singular the couenants aboue written may in time to come by the parties whom they concerne firmly and inuiolably be obserued the forenamed ambassadors messengers and commissioners all and euery of them for the full credite probation and testimonie of all the premisses haue vnto these present Indentures made for the same purpose caused euerie one of their seales with their owne hands to be put One part of the which indentures remaineth in the custodie of the English ambassadors and the other part in the hands of the commissioners of Prussia Giuen at the castle of Marienburgh in Prussia in the yeere of our Lorde 1405. vpon the 8. day of the moneth of October An agreement made betweene King Henrie the fourth and the common societie of the Marchants of the Hans THis Indenture made betweene the honourable Sir William Esturmy knight and Iohn Kington clearke procurators messengers and commissioners sufficiently deputed and authorized by the most mighty Prince Lord Henry by the grace of God king of England France and lord of Ireland for the performation of y e things vnder written on the one part the hon personages M. Henry Vredeland M. Riman Salum chief notaries Thederic Knesuolt secretary M. Simō Clouesten chief notary and Iohn Zotebotter citizen being sufficiently made and ordained procurators and messengers on the behalfe of the cities of Lubec Bremen Hamburg Sund and Gripeswold for the demanding obtaining seuerally of due reformation and recompense at the hands of our saide souereigne lord the king and of his messengers and commissioners aforesayde for all iniuries damages grieuances and manslaughters any wayes vniustly done and offred seuerally by the liege people and subiects of our soueraigne lord the king vnto the common societie of the marchants of the Hans and vnto any of the Citizens people and inhabitants of the cities aforesaide whatsoeuer on the other part Witnesseth That betweene all and euery of the saide Procurators messengers and Commissioners by vertue of the authoritie committed vnto them it hath bene and is appointed concluded and decreed that the liege marchants and subiects of our said soueraigne lord the king and the marchants of the common societie of the Dutch Hans aforesaide from hencefoorth for one whole yeere and seuen moneths immediately next ensuing and following shal be permitted and licenced friendly freely and securely to exercise mutual traffike
goods be customed By meanes of the which sealing the foresaide parties doe compell the marchants aboue-named vpon an vse and custome whereof themselues haue bene the authors to paye a certaine summe of money to the great hinderance of the sayde marchants and coâ—trarie to iustice and to their charter Moreouer the saide customers haue ordained betweene themselues that the saide marchants shall put or make vp no cloâ—h iâ—to fardels to transport out of the realme vnlesse certaine mâ—n appointed by them for the same purpose bee there present to see what maner of clothes they bee vnder paine of the forfâ—iture of the saide goods Also of late when the sayde marchants would haue made vp such fardels the foresayde parties assigned to be ouerseers refused to come vnlesse they might haue for their comming some certaine summe of money delaying and procrastinating from day to day so long as themselues listed to the great losse and vndoing of the foresaide marchants and contrarie to their liberties because the foresaide customers are bound by their office to doe this without any contribution therefore to bee paide vnto them by the saide marchants for that they doe enioy from our soueraigne Lorde the King their fees and commodities to the ende that they may serue him and euery marchant iustly and faithfully without any contribution by them to be imposed anewe vpon the sayde marchants of custome Item the said marchants doe alleage that the customers bailifs of the town of Southhampton do compel them to pay for euery last of herrings pitch sope ashes brought thither by theÌ„ 2 s more then the kings custome and for ech hundreth of bowstaues boords called Waghenscot 2. d. for euery hundreth of boords called Richolt 4.d for al other marchandize brought by the foresaid marchants vnto the same towne which contributions they neuer paid at any time heeretofore being greatly to their hinderance and contrary to the tâ—nour of their Charter Item the foresaid marchants do alleage that one of their company called Albert Redewish of Prussia bringing diuers goods marchandizes vnto Newcastle vpon Tine there paying the vsual custom of 3.d in the pound for al his wares the bailifs of the saide towne against all reason exacted 7. pound sterling at his hands more then the custome whereupon the foresaide marchant got a briefe from the kings maiesty for the recouery of the said 7 li according to equity reason howbeit that at the comming of the said briefe the foresaid bailifes would do nothing on his behalfe but would haue slaine their foresaid associate contrary to their charter and priuiledges William Esturmy knight Iohn Kington canon of Lincolne being by y e most mighty prince lord L. Henry by Gods grace â— of England France lord of Ireland sufficiently deputed and appointed to parle treate agree w t the common society of y e marchants of the Hans of Dutchland or Almain concerning about the redressing reformation of vniust atteÌ„pts happening between our said soueraign L. the king his liege people subiects on the one part between the coÌ„mon society aforesaid the cities towns particular persons therof on the other part do for the behalf of our said souraign L. the king with a mind intention to haue al singular y e things vnderwritten to come to the knowledge of the said common society intimate declare make known vnto you hono sirs Henr. Westhoff citizen deputy of the city of Lubec Henry Fredelaw Ioh. van Berk citizen of Colen Mainard Buxtehude citizen deputy of the city of Hamburgh M. SimoÌ„ Clawsten clerk sir Iohn de Aa knight deputie of the citie of Rostok Herman Meyer deputy of the citie of Wismar being as the procuratorsâ— messengers commissioners of the foresaid cities assembled together at the town of Hage in Holland with y e forenamed Willâ— Iohn in regard of the foresaid redres reformation that euen as our said soueraign L. the king his meaning is not to disturb or hinder such priuiledges as haue bin heretofore granted vouchsafed vnto the coÌ„mon society of the marchaÌ„ts aforesaid by the renoumed kings of England the worthy progenitors of our L. the K. that now is by himself also vnder a certain form confirmed euen so he is determined without y e preiudice of forren lawes vpon iust mature and sober deliberation by his royall authoritie to withstand such priuiledges as by reason of the abuse thereofâ— haue bene infinitely preâ—â—diciall vnto himselfe and his subiects Inprimis the said ambassadours doe affirme as afore that whereas all and euery the Marchants of the said company as often as they would were both in the Realme of England and in other territories dominions subiect vnto our soueraigne lord the king admitted and suffered according to the tenor of the forenamed priuiledges granted vnto them freely friendly and securely to traffique and conuerse with any of his Maiesties liege people and subiects whatsoeuer or with other people of whatsoeuer nation liuing in the realme of England or in the dominions aforesaid the said common society of marchants by their publike deliberate common counsel did appoint ordain y t no society in any cities townes or places neither yet any particular man of any such society there being no lawfull or reasonable cause why shoulde in any wise admit any marchants of the realm of England resorting vnto their cities or other places for marchandise to enioy intercourse of traffike but that the saide English marchants should bee altogether excluded from all traffike and mutuall conuersation among them by denouncing and inflicting grieuous penalties of money as well vpon cities as other places and vpon particular marchants also of the foresaid societie practising the contrary Item that immediatly after the foresaid parties enacting and ordaining published their sayde statute and ordinance in all kingdomes prouinces partes cities and townes wherin any marchants of the said societie were conuersant Item that after that publication the statute and ordinance aforesaid by euery of the marchants of the forenamed society were inuiolably obserued Item that the said statute and ordinance hath bene so rigorously put in execution that whereas immediatly after certaine English marchants with their ships mariners and marchandize beeing in a cerâ—aine part of one of the principall cities of the foresaide societie vtterly destitute of meate drinke and money publikely offred to sell their wollen clothes of England onely to prouide themselues of necessary victuals yet the marchants of the saide citie sâ—outely persisting in their statute and ordinance aforesaid straightly prohibited the buying of such clothes vnchristianly denying meate and drinke vnto the said English marchants Item the foresaid society decreed and ordained that no marchant of the saide company should in any place or countrey whatsoeuer buy any woollen clothes of the realme or dominion of England albeit offered by others and not by English men or hauing bought any should after
Lords came thider by assent To his worship but in a certaine day Hee bad shippes to bee redie of aray For to visit Saint Iohns Church hee list Rowing vnto the good holie Baptist Hee assigned to Erles Lords and knights Many ships right goodly to sights And for himselfe and eight kings moo Subiect to him hee made kepe one of thoo A good shippe and entrede into it With eight kings and downe did they sit And eche of them an ore tooke in hand At ore hales as I vnderstand And he himselfe at the shippe behinde As steris man it became of kinde Such another rowing I dare well say Was not seene of Princes many a day Lo than how hee in waters got the price In lande in see that I may not suffice To tell O right O magnanimitee That king Edgar had vpon the see An incident of the Lord of the sea King Edward the third Of king Edward I passe and his prowes On lande on sea yee knowe his worthines The siege of Caleis ye know well all the matter Round about by land and by the water Howe it lasted not yeeres many agoe After the battell of Creeye was ydoe Howe it was closed enuiron about Olde men sawe it which liuen this is no doubt Did Knights say that the Duke of Burgoyn Late rebuked for all his golden coyne Of ship on see made no besieging there For want of shippes that durst not come for feare It was nothing besieged by the see Thus call they it no siege for honestee Gonnes assailed but assault was there none No siege but fuge well was he that might be gouer This maner carping haue knights ferre in age Expert through age of this maner language But king Edward made a siege royall And wanne the towne and in especiall The sea was kept and thereof he was Lord. Thus made he Nobles coyned of record In whose time was no nauie on the see That might withstand his maiestie Battell of Scluse yee may rede every day Howe it was done I leue and goe my way It was so late done that yee it knowe In comparison within a litle throwe For which to God giue we honour and glorie For Lord of see the king was with victorie Another incident of keeping of the see in the time of the marueilous werriour and victorious Prince King Henrie the fifth and of his great shippes ANd if I should conclude all by the King Henrie the fift what was his purposing Whan at Hampton he made the great dromons Which passed other great ships of all the commons The Trinitie the Grace de Dieu the holy Ghost And other nwe which as nowe bee lost What hope ye was the kings great intent Of thoo shippes and what in minde hee meant It was not ellis but that hee cast to bee Lorde round about enuiron of the see And when Harflew had her siege about There came caracks horrible great and stoute In the narrow see willing to abide To stoppe vs there with multitude of pride My Lord of Bedford came on and had the cure Dâ—stroyed they were by that discomfiture This was after the king Harflew had wonne Whan our enemies to siege had begonne That all was staine or take by true relation To his worshippe and of his English nation There was present the kings chamberlaine At both battailes which knoweth this in certaine He can it tell otherwise then I Aske him and witte I passe foorth hastily What had this king of his magnificence Of great courage of wisedome and prudence Prouision forewitte audacitee Of fortitude iustice and agilitee Discretion subtile auisednesse Attemperance Noblesse and worthinesse Science prowesse deuotion equitie Of most estate with his magnanimitie Liche to Edgar and the saide Edward As much of both liche hem as in regard Where was on liue a man more victorious And in so short time prince so maruellous By land and sea so well he him acquitte To speake of him I stony in my witte Thus here I leaue the king with his noblesse Henry the fift with whom all my processe Of this true booke of pure policie Of sea keeping entending victorie I leaue endly for about in the see No Prince was of better strenuitee And if he had to this time liued here He had bene Prince named withoutenpere His great ships should haue ben put in preese Unto the ende that he ment of in cheefe For doubt it not but that he would haue bee Lord and master about the round see And kept it sure to stoppe our enemies hence And wonne vs good and wisely brought it thence That no passage should be without danger And his licence on see to moue and sterre Of vnitie shewing of our keeping of the see with an endly or finall processe of peace by authoritie Chap. 12. NOw in than for loue of Christ and of his ioy Bring it England out of trouble and noy Take heart and witte and set a gouernance Set many wits withouten variance To one accord and vnanimitee Put to good will for to keepe the see First for worship and profite also And to rebuke of eche euill wisted foe Thus shall worship and riches to vs long Than to the Noble shall we doe no wrong To beare that coyne in figure and in deede To our courage and to our enemies dreede For which they must dresse hem to peace in haste Or ellis their thrift to standen and to waste As this processe hath proued by and by All by reason and expert policy And by stories which proued well this parte Or ellis I will my life put in ieoparte But many londs would seche her peace for nede The see wel kept it must bee dâ—â— for drede Thus must Flanders for nede haue vnitee And peace with vs it will non other bee Within short while and ambassadours Would bene here soone to treate for their succours This vnitee is to God pleasance And peace after the werres variance The ende of battaile is peace sikerly And power causeth peace finally Kept than the sea about in speciall Which of England is the towne wall As though England were likened to a citie And the wall enuiron were the see Kepe then the sea that is the wall of England And than is England kept by Goddes hande That as for any thing that is without England were at ease withouten doubt And thus should euery lond one with another Entercommon as brother with his brother And liue togither werrelesse in vnitie Without rancour in very charitie In rest and peace to Christes great pleasance Without strife debate and variance Which peace men should enserche with businesse And knit it saddely holding in holinesse The Apostle seith if ye list to see Bee yee busie for to keepe vnitee Of the spirit in the bond of peace Which is nedeful to all withouten lese The Prophet biddeth vs peace for to enquire To pursue it this is holy desire Our
but also addressed two Gentlemen of good learning grauitie and estimation videlicet Master Lawrence Hussie Doctor of the Ciuill Lawe and George Gilpin with money and other requisites into the Realme of Scotland to comfort ayde assist and relieue him and his there and also to conduct the Ambassadour into England sending with them by poste a Talmach or Speachman for the better furniture of the seruice of the sayde Ambassadour trusting thereby to haue the more ample and speedie redresse of restitution which personages vsing diligence arriued at Edenborough where the Queenes court was the three and twentieth day of the saide moneth of December who first visiting the saide Ambassadour declaring the causes of their comming and Commission shewing the letters addressed in his fauour the order giuen them for his solace and furniture of all such things as hee woulde haue together with their daily and readie seruice to attend vpon his person and affaires repaired consequently vnto the Dowager Queene deliuering the letters Whereupon they receiued gentle answeres with hope and comfort of speedie restitution of the goods apparell iewels and letters for the more apparance whereof the Queene sent first certaine Commissioners with an Harold of armes to Pettislego the place of the Shipwracke commaunding by Proclamation and other Edictes all such persons no degree excepted as had any part of such goods as were spoyled and taken out or from the ship to bring them in and to restore the same with such further order as her grace by aduise of her Councel thought expedient by reason whereof not without great labours paines and charges after long time diuers small parcels of Waxe and other small trifling things of no value were by the poorer sort of the Scottes brought to the Commissioners but the Iewels rich apparell presents gold siluer costly furres and such like were conueyed away concealed and vtterly embezelled Wherupon the Queene at the request of the said Ambassadour caused diuers persons to the number of 180. or moe to be called personally before her princely presence to answer to y e said spoile really to exhibit and bring in all such things as were spoiled and violently taken caried out of the same whereof not onely good testimonie by writing was shewed but also the things themselues found in the hands of the Scottish subiects who by subtile and craftie dealings by conniuence of the commissioners so vsed or rather abused themselues towards the same Orator his attendants that no effectuall restitution was made but he fatigated with daily attendance and charges the 14. day of February next ensuing distrusting any reall and effectual rendring of the saide goods and marchandizes and other the premisses vpon leaue obtained of the saide Queene departed towards England hauing attending vpon him the said two English Gentlemen and others leauing neuerthelesse in Scotland three Englishmen to pursue the deliuerie of such things as were collected to haue been sent by ship to him in England which being in Aprill next and not before imbarked for London was not at this present day here arriued came the 18. day of Februarie to Barwike within the dominion and realme of England where he was by the Queenes maiesties letters and commandement honourably receiued vsed and interteined by the right honourable lord Wharton lord Warden of the East marches with goodly conducting from place to place as the dayly iourneys done ordinarily did lie in such order maner and forme as to a personage of such estate appertaineth He prosecuting his voyage vntil the 27. of Februarie approched to the citie of London within twelue English miles where he was receiued with fourscore merchants with chaines of gold and goodly apparell as wel in order of men seruants in one vniforme liuerie as also in and vpon good horses and geldings who conducting him to a marchants house foure miles from London receiued there a quantitie of gold veluet and silke with all furniture thereunto requisite wherewith he made him a riding garment reposing himselfe that night The next day being Saturday and the last day of Februarie he was by the merchants aduenturing for Russia to the number of one hundred and fortie persons and so many or more seruants in one liuerie as abouesaid conducted towards the citie of London where by the way he had not onely the hunting of the Foxe and such like sport shewed him but also by the Queenes maiesties commandement was receiued and embraced by the right honourable Uâ—scount Montague sent by her grace for his entertainment he being accompanied with diuers lustie knights esquiers gentlemen and yeomen to the number of three hundred horses led him to the North partes of the Citie of London where by foure notable merchants richly apparelled was presented to him a right faire and large gelding richly trapped together with a footcloth of Orient crimson veluet enriched with gold laces all furnished in most glorious fashion of the present and gift of the sayde merchants where vpon the Ambassadour at instant desire mounted riding on the way towards Smithfield barres the first limites of the liberties of the Citie of London The Lord Maior accompanied with all the Aldermen in their skarlet did receiue him and so riding through the Citie of London in the middle betweene the Lord Maior and Uiscount Montague a great number of merchants and notable personages riding before aud a large troupe of seruants and apprentises following was conducted through the Citie of London with great admiration and plausibilitie of the people running plentifully on all sides and replenishing all streets in such sort as no man without difficultie might passe into his lodging situate in Fant church streete where were prouided for him two chambers richly hanged and decked ouer and aboue the gallant furniture of the whole house together with an ample and rich cupboord of plate of all sortes to furnish and serue him at all meales and other seruices during his abode in London which was as is vnderwritten vntil the third day of May during which time daily diuers Aldermen and the grauest personages of the said companie did visite him prouiding all kind of victuals for his table and his seruants with al sorts of Officers to attend vpon him in good sort and condition as to such an ambassadour of honour doeth and ought to appertaine It is also to be remembred that at his first entrance into his chamber there was presented vnto him on the Queenes Maiesties behalfe for a gift and present and his better furniture in apparel one rich piece of cloth of tissue a piece of cloth of golde another piece of cloth of golde raised with crimosin veluet a piece of crimosin veluet in graine a piece of purple veluet a piece of Damaske purpled a piece of crimosin damaske which he most thankfully accepted In this beautifull lodging refreshing and preparing himselfe and his traine with things requisite he abode expecting the kings maiesties repaire out of Flanders into England
England receiued and conducted there intertained vsed honoured and finally in good safetie towards his returne and repaire furnished and with much liberalitie and franke handling friendly dismissed to the intent that the trueth of the premisses may bee to the most mightie Emperour of Russia sincerely signified in eschewment of all euents and misfortunes that may chance in this voyage which God defend to the Ambassadours person traine and goods this present memoriall is written and autentikely made and by the sayde Ambassadour his seruants whose names be vnderwritten and traine in presence of the Notarie and witnesses vndernamed recognized and acknowledged Giuen the day moneth and yeere vnderwritten of which instrument into euery of the sayde Shippes one testimoniall is deliuered and the first remaineth with the sayde Companie in London Giftes sent to the King and Queenes Maiesties of England by the Emperour of Russia by the report of the Ambassadour and spoyled by the Scots after the Shipwracke 1 First sixe timber of Sables rich in colour and haire 2 Item twentie entire Sables exceeding beautifull with teeth eares and clawes 3 Item foure liuing Sables with chaines and collars 4 Item thirtie Lusarnes large and beautifull 5 Item sixe large and great skinnes very rich and rare worne onely by the Emperour for woorthinesse 6 Item a large and faire white Ierfawcon for the wilde Swanne Crane Goose and other great Fowles together with a drumme of siluer the hoopes gilt vsed for a lure to call the sayd Hawke Giftes sent to the Emperour of Russia by the King and Queenes Maiesties of England 1 First two rich pieces of cloth of Tissue 2 Item one fine piece of Scarlet 3 Item one fine Uiolet in graine 4 Item one fine Azur cloth 5 Item a notable paire of Brigandines with a Murrian couered with Crimson veluet and gilt nailes 6 Item a Male and Female Lions Giftes giuen to the Ambassadour at his departure ouer and aboue such as were deliuered vnto him at his first arriuall 1 First a chaine of golde of one hundred pound 2 Item a large Bason and Ewer siluer and gilt 3 Item a paire of pottle pots gilt 4 Item a paire of flaggons gift The names of all such Russies as were attendant vpon the Ambassadour at and before his departure out of England Isaak Fwesschencke Demetre Gorbolones Symonde Yeroffia Stephen Lowca Andria Foma Memorandum the day and yeere of our Lord aboue mentioned in the house of the worshipfull Iohn Dimmocke Citizen and Draper of London situate within the famous Citie of London in the Realme of England the aboue named honourable Osep Gregorywich Napea Ambassadour and Orator aboue mentioned personally constituted and present hauing declared vnto him by the mouth of the right worshipfull master Anthonie Hussie Esquire the effect of the causes and contents of and in this booke at the interpretation of Robert Best his interpreter sworne recognized and knowledged in presence of me the Notarie personages vnder written the contents of this booke to be true aswell for his owne person as for his seruants aboue named who did not subscribe their names as is aboue mentioned but onely recognized the same In witnesse whereof I Iohn Incent Notarie Publike at the request of the said Master Anthonie Hussie and other of the Marchants haue to these presents vnderwritten set my accustomed signe with the Subscription of my name the day and yeere aboue written being present the right Worshipfull Aldermen of London Knights Andrew Iudde George Barne William Chester Rafe Greeneaway Iohn Mersh Esquier Iohn Dimmock Blase Sanders Hubert Hussie and Robert Best aboue mentioned The voyage of the foresaid M. Stephen Burrough An. 1557. from Colmogro to Wardhouse which was sent to seeke the Bona Esperanza the Bona Confidentia and the Philip and Mary which were not heard of the yeere before May. VPon Sunday the 23. of May I departed with the Searchthrift from Colmogro the latitude whereof is 64. degrees 25. minutes and the variation of the compasse 5. degrees 10. minutes from the North to the East Wednesday we came to the Island called Pozanka which Island is within foure leagues of the barre Berozoua It floweth here at an East and by South Moone full sea Saturday in the morning we departed from Pozanka and plied to the barre of Berôzoua Gooba whereupon wee came to anker at a lowe water and sounded the said Barre with our two Skiffes and found in the best vpon the shoaldest of the barre 13. foote water by the rule It highâ—th vpon this barre in spring streames 3. foote water and an East Moone maketh a full sea vpon this barre Sunday in the morning wee departed from the barre of Berozoua and plied along by the shoalds in fiue fadome vntill I had sight of S. Nicholas roade and then wee cast about to the Northwards and went with a hommocke which is halfe a mile to the Eastwards of Coya Reca which hommocke and S. Nicholas abbey lye Southsouthwest and Northnortheast and betweene them are 11. leagues Coia Reca is halfe a mile to the Eastwards of Coscaynos Coscaynos the middes of the Island called Mondeustoua ostroue which is thwart of the barre of Berozoua lieth South and by East North and by West and betweene them are 4. leagues or as you may say from the Seaboord part of the barre to Coscaynos are 3. leagues and a halfe Munday at a Northeast and by East sunne we were thwart of Coscaynos Dogs nose lieth from Coscaynos Northnorthwest and betweene them are eight leagues and Dogs nose sheweth like a Gurnerds head if you be inwardly on both sides of it on the lowe point of Dogs nose there standeth a crosse alone Iune FRom Dogs nose to Foxenose are three leagues North and by West The 2. day of Iune I went on shoare 2. miles to the Northwards of Dogs nose and had the latitude of that place in 65. degrees 47. minutes It floweth a shoare at this place at an East Moone full sea and the shippe lay thwart to wende a floodâ— in the off at a Southsoutheast moone So that it is to be vnderstoode that when it is a full sea on the shoare it is two points to ebbe before it be a lowe water in the off The variation of the Compasse at this place is 4. degrees from the North to the East This day the Northnorthwest winde put vs backe againe with Dogs nose where a ship may ride thwart of a salt house in 4. fadome or 4. fadome and a halfe of water and haue Landfange for a North and by West winde which Salt house is halfe a mile to the Southwards of Dogs nose Friday at a Southsouthwest Sunne wee departed from this Salt house It is to be noted that foure miles to the Northwards of Dogs nose there growe no trees on the banke by the water side and the bankes consist of fullers earth Ouer the cliffes there growe some trees so that Dogs nose is the better to be
weather in such sort as the one cannot haue sight of the other then and in such case the Admiral shall make sound and noise by drumme trumpet horne gunne or otherwise or meanes that the ships may come as nigh together as by safetie and good order they may 6 It is also to be obserued that euery day once the other three shippes shall send and come aboord the Admirall and there consult and determine of such matter and things as shall be for the assurance of their Nauigation and most expedition of the same 7 Item that notes entries be daily made of their Nauigations put in writing memory and that the yong Mariners and apprentices may be taught caused to learne and obserue the same 8 It is accorâ—ed that the said Captaine shall haue the principall rule and gouernement of the apprentices And that not onely they but also all other the sailers shal be attendant and obedient to him as of duetie and reason appertaineth 9 Also that no beere nor broth or other liquor be spilt vpon the balast or other place of the ship whereby any anoyance stinke or other vnsauorinesse shall growe in the shippe to the infection or hurt of the persons in the same 10 Item that the Captaine by discretion shall from time to time disship any artificer or English seruing man or apprentice out of the Primrose into any of the other three ships and in lieu of him or them take any such apprentice as he shall thinke conuenient and most meete to serue the benefite of the companie 11 Item that great respect be had to the Gunners and Cookes roomes that all danger and perill of powder and fire may be eschewed and auoyded 12 Item that singular care and respect be had to the ports of the ship aswell in Nauigation as in harborow and especially in lading and vnlading of the shippes that nothing be lacking or surcharged and that the bookes may oftentimes be conferred and made to agree in eschuement of such losses as may ensue 13 Special foresight is to be had that at the Wardhouse no treacherie inuasion or other peril of molestation be done or procured to be attempted to our ships by any kings princes or companies that do mislike this new found trade by seas to Russia or would let hinder the same whereof no small boast hath bene made which giueth occasion of more circumspection and diligence 14 If the winde and weather will serue it is thought good rather to goe by the Wardhouse then to come in and anâ—re there lest any male engine or danger may be the rather attempted against vs our goods and ships as aboue 15 It is thought good that Richard Iohnson late seruant to M. Chanceler shall be sent home in this next returne to instruct the company of the state of the Countrey and of such questions as may be demanded of him for our better aduertisements and resolutions in such doubts as shall arise here and that he shall haue the roome of the Captaine in such sort as Master Ienkinson is in this present cocket assigned vnto And if Iohnson can not may not nor will not returne and occupie the said place then any other person to be preferred thereunto as by the discretion of our said Captaine with consent of our Agents shall be thought meete and apt to supply the same 16 Prouided alway that the ships returning be not disfurnished of one such able man as shall occupie the Captainship in like order as is and hath bene in such case appoynted as reason and good order requireth 17 Item that all other former orders rules and deuises made and prouided for the good order of our ships wares and goods being not repugnant contrary or diuerse to these articles and the contents of the same shall be and stand in full force and effect to be in all respects obserued and kept of all and euery person and persons whom the same doth or shall touch or concerne In witnesse of the premisses faithfully to be obserued and kept the owners and Masters of the said foure ships together with the said Captaine to these seuenteene articles contained in two sheetes of paper haue subscribed their hands Giuen in London the third of May in the yeere of our Lord God 1557. ¶ Owners of the Primerose Andrewe Iudde William Chester Anthony Hickman Edward Casteline ¶ Owners of the Iohn Euangelist Andrew Iudde William Chester ¶ Owner of the Anne Iohn Dimocke ¶ Owner of the Trinitie R.T. A letter of the Company of the Marchants aduenturers to Russia vnto George Killingworth Richard Gray and Henry Lane their Agents there to be deliuered in Colmogro or els where sent in the Iohn Euangelist AFter our heartie commendations vnto you and to either of you your generall letter and other particular letters with two bookes of the sale and remainders of our goods and the buying of ware there with you we receiued about the ende of Nouember out of the Edward with heauie newes of the losse of the sayde good shippe and goods at Petslego in Scotland with the death of Richard Chanceler and his Boy with certaine of the Embassadours seruants and he himselfe with nine of his seruants escaped very hardly onely by the power of God but all his goods and ours in maner were lost and pilfered away by the Scots and that that is saued is not yet come to our hands but we looke for it daily and it will skant pay the charges for the recouering of it No remedy but patience and to pray to God to send vs better fortune hereafter As touching the receiuing and entertaining of the Embassadour and his retinewe since his comming to England at the king and Queenes Maiesties hands with the Counsell Lords of this Realme and the Marchants that be free in Russia with feasting and beneuolence giuen him wee referre it to his report and others The like we thinke haue not bene seene nor shewed here of a long time to any Ambassadour The Philip and Marie arriued here tenne dayes past shee wintered in Norway The Confidence is lost there And as for the Bona Esperanza as yet we haue no newes of her We feare it is wrong with her By your billes of lading receiued in your generall letters we perceiue what wares are laden in them both Your letters haue no date nor mention where they were made which were written by Henry Lane and firmed by you George Killingworth and Richard Gray both it and the other Letters and Bookes came so sore spoyled and broken with water that we cannot make our reckoning by them You shall vnderstand we haue fraighted for the parts of Russia foure good shippes to be laden there by you your order That is to say The Primerose of the burthen of 240. Tunnes Master vnder God Iohn Buckland The Iohn Euangelist of 170. Tunnes Master vnder God Laurence Roundal The Anne of London of the burthen of 160. tunnes Master vnder God
beene or what he had done he could not tell Also he wrote that one Iohn Lucke a Ioyner was taken by the Liefelanders and put in prison As yet wee haue not heard from the sayd Iohn Lucke nor know not whether he be released out of prison or not We suppose that by him you wrote some letter which as yet is not come to our hands so that we thinke hâ—e is yet in prison or otherwise dispatched out of the way The fifteenth day of December wee receiued a letter from Christopher Hodson dated in the Mosco the 29 of Iuly by the way of Danske which is in effect a copie of such another receiued from him in our shippes You shal vnderstand that we haue laden in three good shippes of ours these kind of wares following to wit in the Swallowe of London Master vnder God Steuen Burrow 34 fardels N o 136 broad short clothes and foure fardels N o 58 Hampshire Kersies and 23 pipes of bastards and seckes and 263 pieces of raisins and 4 hogsheds N o 154 pieces of round pewter and ten hogsheds and poncheons of prunes and one dryfatte with Almonds And in the Philip and Marie Master vnder God Thomas Wade 25 fardels N o 100 broad clothes and three fardels N o 42 Hampshire Kersies and thirtie pipes of seckes and bastards and 100 pieces of raisins And in the Iesus of London Master vnder God Arthur Pette 10 fardels N o 40 broade shorte clothes and twenty seuen pipes of bastards and seckes as by the Inuoices herewith inclosed may appeare Also you shall receiue such necessaries as you did write to bee sent for the rope makers trusting that you shall haue better successe with them which you shall send vs in these ships then with the rest which you haue sent vs yet for we as yet haue sold none of them And whereas we wrote vnto you in our former letter that we would send you a hundred tunnes of salte by reason it is so deare here we doe send you but nine tunnes and a halfe for it cost here ten pence the bushell the first penie namely in the Swallow 6 tunnes and a halfe in the Philip and Marie one tunne and a halfe and in the Iesus one tunne and a halfe The 4 hogsheds of round pewter goe in the Swallow and in the Philip and Marie N o 154 pieces as is aforesaid We send you three ships trusting that you haue prouided according to our former writing good store of lading for them If yee haue more wares then will lade the ships let it be Traine oyles that you leaue behinde the price is not here so good as it was it is worth here 9 pound the tunne We thinke it good you should let the smaller ship bring as much of the traine as she can cary And that the masters of the ships do looke wel to the romaging for they might bring away a great deale more then they doe if they would take paine in the romaging and bestowe the traine by it selfe and the ware and tallowe by it selfe for the leakage of the traine doth fowle the other wares much As for Allard the skinner if you thinke good he may come home in these shippes We haue no doubt but that you Henrie Lane if you minde to come home now in these ships as you requested will leaue such good order there with our seruants as shall bee for our most profite and their preferment if they doe their dueties diligently and truely If our friend Master Antonie Ienkinson bee returned and meane to come away in these ships to declare his mind and opinion of his trauaile if need require and he be so minded he may returne thither by land and be there by the fine of Ianuarie or before But as we be vncertaine whether he be returned or not so we know not what he hath done nor what benefite may rise hereafter of his trauaile Therefore in this wee remit it to his and your good discretions Wee send you Thomas Hawtrey which is our seruant for yeeres our minde is he should be placed where he may doe best seruice Also we send you Nicholas Chancelour to remaine there who is our apprentice for yeeres our minde is hee should be set about such businesse as he is most fit for he hath been kept at writing schoole long he hath his Algorisme and hath vnderstanding of keeping of bookes of reckonings We send you now but 100 Kersies but against the next yeere if occasion serue wee will send you a greater quantitie according as you shal aduise vs One of the pipes of seckes that is in the Swallow which hath 2 round compasses vpon the bung is to be presented to the Emperour for it is special good The nete waight of the 10 puncheons of prunes is 4300. 2 thirds 1 pound It is written particularly vpon the head of euery puncheon and the nete weight of the fatte of almonds is 500 li. two quarters The raisins prunes and almonds you were best to dispatch away at a reasonable price and principally the raisins for in keeping of them will be great losse in the waight and the fruit will decay We thinke it good that you prouide against the next yeere for the comming of our shippes 20 or 30 bullockes killed and salted for beefe is very deare here Therefore you were best to saue some of this salt that we doe send you in these ships for the purpose The salte of that countrey is not so good In this you may take the opinion of the masters of the shippes Foxe skins white blacke and russet will be vendible here The last yere you sent none but there were mariners that bought many If any of the mariners doe buy any trifling furres or other commodities we will they shall be registred in our pursers bookes to the intent we may know what they be We desire to know how the Emperour tooke the letter which we sent in our ships as an answere to the letter that came in his name and vnder his seale for the sixe thousand dallers Thus wee rest committing you to God from London the fift day of May 1560. For lacke of time the gouernours haue not firmed this letter which is the copie of the other two letters firmed by them Yours William Mericke Yours Blase Sanders The maner of Iustice by lots in Russia written by Master Henrie Lane and executed in a controuersie betweene him and one Sheray Costromitskey in Mosco 1560. AFter the comming home into Russia of Ioseph Napea the first ambassadour to Queene Marie I remaining the Agent there sundrie Russian marchants by Iosephs procurement obtained letters from the Emperour to freight goods and passe in our ships for England which thing vpon good consideration I answered and refused They were then driuen to credite vs and compound in value vntill the next returne At which time notwithstanding good accompt in the value of 600 robles
sixe degrees 40 minutes Then we went north and by West because we would not come too nigh the land and running that course foure houres we discouered and had sight of Rost Islands ioining to the main land of Finmarke Thus continuing our course along the coast of Norway and Finmark the 27 day we tooke the Sunne being as farre shot as Lofoot and had the latitude in 69 degrees And the same day in the afternoone appeared ouer our heads a rainebow like a semicircle with both ends vpwarde Note that there is between the said Rost Islands Lofoot a whirle poole called Malestrand which from halfe ebbe vntill halfe flood maketh such a terrible noise that it shaketh the ringes in the doores of the inhabitants houses of the sayd Islands tenne miles off Also if there commeth any Whale within the current of the same they make a pitifull crie Moreouer if great trees be caried into it by force of streams and after with the ebbe be cast out againe the ends and boughs of them haue bene so beaten that they are like the stalkes of hempe that is bruised Note that all the coaste of Finmarke is high mountaines and hils being couered all the yere with snow And hard aboord the shoare of this coast there is 100 or 150 fadomes of water in depth Thus proceeding and sailing forward we fell with an Island called Zenam being in the latitude of 70 degrees About this Island we saw many Whales very moÌ„strous about our ships some by estimation of 60 foot long and being the ingendring time they roared and cried terriblie From thence we fell with an Island called Kettelwicke This coast from Rost vnto Lofoot lieth North and south and from Lofoot to Zenam Northeast and southwest and from Zenam to Kettelwike Eastnortheast and Westsouthwest From the said Kettelwike we sailed East and by North 10 leagues and fell with a land called Inger sound where we fished being becalmed and tooke great plenty of Cods Thus plying along the coast we fell with a Cape called the North Cape which is the Northermost land that wee passe in our voyage to S. Nicholas and is in the latitude of 71 degrees and ten minutes and is from Inger sound East and to the Northwards 15 leagues And being at this North Cape the second day of Iuly we had the sunne at North 4 degrees aboue the Horizon The third day wee came to Wardhouse hauing such mists that we could not see the land This Wardhouse is a Castle standing in an Island 2 miles from the maine of Finland subiect to the king of Denmarke and the Eastermost land that he hath There are two other Islands neere adioining vnto that whereon the Castle of Wardhouse standeth The inhabitants of those three Islands liue onely by fishing and make much stockefish which they dry with frost their most feeding is fish bread and drinke they haue none but such as is brought them from other places They haue small store of cattell which are also fed with fish From Wardhouse we sailed Southsoutheast ten leagues and fell with a Cape of land called Kegor the Northermost part of the lande of Lappia And betweene Wardhouse and the said Cape is a great Bay called Dommes haff in the South part whereof is a Monasterie of Monkes of the Russes religion called Pechinchow Thus proceeding forward and sayling along the coast of the said land of Lappia winding Southeast the fourth day through great mists and darkenes we lost the company of the other three ships and met not with them againe vntill the seuenth day when we fell with a Cape or headland called Swetinoz which is the entring into the Bay of S. Nicholas At this Cape lieth a great stone to the which the barkes that passed thereby were wont to make offrings of butter meale and other victuals thinking that vnlesse they did so their barkes or vessels should there perish as it hath bene oftentimes seene and there it is very darke and mistie Note that the sixt day we passed by the place where Sir Hugh Willoughbie with all his company perished which is called Arzina reca that is to say the riuer Arzina The land of Lappia is an high land hauing snow lying on it commonly all the yere The people of the Countrey are halfe Gentiles they liue in the summer time neere the sea side and vse to take fish of the which they make bread and in the winter they remoue vp into the countrey into the woods where they vse hunting and kill Deere Beares Woolues Foxes and other beasts with whose flesh they be nourished and with their skinnes apparelled in such strange fashion that there is nothing seene of them bare but their eies They haue none other habitation but onely in tents remouing from place to place according to the season of the yeere They know no arte nor facultie but onely shooting which they exercise dayly as well men as women and kill such beasts as serue them for their foode Thus proceeding along the coast from Swetinoz aforesaid the ninth day of Iuly wee came to Cape Grace being in the latitude of 66 degrees and 45 minutes and is at the entring in of the Bay of S. Nicholas Aboord this land there is 20 or 30 fadoms water and sundry grounds good to anker in The current at this Cape runneth Southwest and Northeast From this Cape wee proceeded along vntill we came to Crosse Island which is seuen leagues from the sayd Cape Southwest and from this Island wee set ouer to the other side of the Bay and went Southwest and fell with an headland called Foxenose which is from the sayd Island 25 leagues The entring of this Bay from Crosse Island to the neerest land on the other side is seuen leagues ouer From Foxenose proceeding forward the twelfth day of the sayd moneth of Iuly all our foure ships arriued in safetie at the road of Saint Nicholas in the land of Russia where we ankered and had sailed from London vnto the said roade seuen hundred and fifty leagues The Russian ambassadour and his company with great ioy got to shore and our ships here forthwith discharged themselues and being laden againe and hauing a faire winde departed toward England the first of August The third of the sayd moneth I with other of my company came vnto the citie of Colmogro being an hundred versâ—es from the Bay of Saint Nicholas and in the latitude of 64 degrees 25 minutes I carried at the said Colmogro vntill the fifteenth day and then I departed in a little boate vp the great riuer of Dwina which runneth very swiftly and the selfe same day passed by the mouth of a riuer called Pinego leauing it on our lefte hand fifteene verstes from Colmogro On both sides of the mouth of this riuer Pinego is high land great rockes of Alablaster great woods and Pineapple trees lying along within the ground
your seruants Thomas Alcocke George Wrenne and Richard Cheinie the 28. of Iune last I departed in poste from the said Mosco and comming to Colmogro and so downe to the Sea side I found your ships laden and ready to depaâ—t where I embarked my selfe in your good ship called the Swallow the 9. of Iuly one thousand fiue hundred sixtie foure and hauing passed the Seas with great and extreme dangers of losse of shippe goods and life the 28. day of September last God be praised we arriued here at London in safetie Thus knowing that the couragious and valiant souldier which aduentureth both fame member and life to serue faithfully his soueraigne esteemeth not the perils and dangers passed the victorie once obtained neither for his guerdon desireth any thing more then that his seruice bee well taken of him for whom he enterprised it So I perceiuing your fauourable beneuolence to me extended in accepting my trauels in good part to your contentations do thinke my selfe therewith in great part recompensed beseeching Almightie God so to prosper your aduentures from time to time hereafter to be made for reaping the fruits of my trauels at your great charges and to my no small dangers that ye may plentifully gather in and enioy the same to the illustrating of the Queenes most excellent Maiestie the honour and commoditie of this her highnesse Realme and to the ample benefit and abundant enriching of you and your succession posteritie for euer A copie of the priuiledges giuen by Obdolowcan King of Hircania to the company of English merchants Aduenturers for Russia Persia and Mare Caspium with all the lands and countreys adioyning to the same obtained by M. Anthonie Ienkinson at his being there about the affaires of the said company April 14. Anno 1563. VVE Obdolowcan by the mightie power of God maker of heauen and of earth appointed and now raigning king of Shiruan and Hircan of our meere wotion and great goodnes at the earnest sute and request of our fauoured and welbeloued Anâ—honie Ienkinson Ambassadour haue giuen and graunted vnto the right worshipfull Sir William Garrer sir William Chester sir Thomas Lodge M. Richard Mallarie and M. Richard Chamberlaine with all their company of merchants Aduenturers of the Citie of London in England free libertie safe conduct and licence to come or sende their factors in trade of merchandize into our countreys and to buy and sell with our merchants and others either foâ— ready money or barter and to tary and abide in our countrey so long as they will and to goe away when they list without impediment let or hinderance either of body or goods And further our commaundement and pleasure is that the said English merchants with their company shall pay no maner of custome for wares which they or their factors shal buy or sel within our dominions And if at any time our customers or other officers or any of them doe disturbe misuse force or constraine the said English merchants or any of them or their factors to pay any maner of custome or duetie for any wares they bring in or cary out of our dominions contrary to this our commandement and the same be knowen vnto vs then we will that the saide customers and officers shall loose be put out of their said offices with our further displeasure and the saide English merchants to haue restored all such money wares as our customers haue taken of them for our said custome And whensoeuer the saide English merchants or their factors shall bring any maner of wares meete for our treasurie then our treasurer shall take the said wares into our treasurie and shall giue vnto the said English merchants either ready money or raw silkes to the value of their saide wares And wheresoeuer this our letter of priuiledges shall bee seene and read within our dominion we straightly wil and command that it take effect and be obeyed in al points Dated at our place of Iauat the day and yere aboue written and sealed with our princely seale and firmed by our Secretarie in the 12. yeere of our raigne The second voiage into Persia made by Tho. Alcock who was slaine there and by George Wrenne Ric. Cheinie seruants to the worshipfull compaine of Moscouie merchants in Anno 1563. written by the said Richard Cheinie IT may please your worships to vnderstand that in the yere 1563. I was appointed by M. Antho. Ienkinson and M. Thomas Glouer your Agent in Russia to goe for Persia in your worships affaires one Thomas Alcock hauing the charge of the voyage committed to him and I one of your worships seruants being ioyned with him in your businesâ— hauing with vs as they said 1500. rubbles And if it shall please you I cannot tell certainly what summe of money we had then of the Emperors for I receiued none nor disbursed any of it in wares for the voyage Also God I take to record I could not tell what stocke your worships had there for the bookes were kept so priuily that a man could neuer see them The 10. of May anno 1563. we departed from a towne called Yeraslaue vpon our voyage toward Persia. The 24. of Iuly we arriued at Astracan and the second of August wee departed from Astracan and the 4. of the same moneth we came to the Caspian sea and the 11. day of the said moneth we arriued at our port in Media and the 21. of the said August wee arriued at Shammaki whereas the king Obdolocan lay in the fiâ—lde We were wel entertained of heathen people for the thirde day after our arriuall at Shammaki wee were called before the king we gaue him a present and he entertained vs very well At our comming to the Court wee were commaunded to come before the king who sate in his tent vpon the ground with his legs a crosse and all his dukes round about his tent the ground being couered with carpets wee were commaunded to sit downe the King appointing euery man his place to sit And the king commaunded the Emperour of Russelands Merchants to rise vp and to giue vs the vpper hande The 20. of October Thomas Alcock departed from Shammaki towards Casbin leauing mee at Shammaki to recouer such debts as the dukes of Shammaki ought for wares which they tooke of him at his going to Casbin In the time I lay there I could recouer but little And at Thomas Alcocks comming from Casbin who arriued at a towne called Leuuacta whereas the king Obdolocan lay a day and a halfes iourney from the towne whereas I lay I hearing of his arriuing there departed from Shammaki finding him there in safetie with all such goods as he had with him During his abode there for seuen dayes he made suite to the king for such money as the dukes ought him But the king was displeased for that the Emperour of Russelands merchant had slaine a Boserman at his going to Casbin Thomas Alcocke seeing
victuals and that we lacked nothing of the Emperors allowance the other to see that we should not goe out of the house nor suffer any man to come vnto vs in which they left nothing vndone that belonged to their charge But specially he that looked to our persons so straightly handled vs that we had no small cause to doubt that some euill had bene intended vnto vs. No supplication sute or request could take place for our liberty nor yet to come to his presence Hauing passed ouer 17 weeks in this sort the Emperour sendeth word that we should be ready against Tuesday the 20 of Februarie at eight a clocke in the morning The houre being come that I should goe to the Court the two gentlemen Pristaues as they call them came vnto me apparelled more princely then before I had euer scene them They presse vs to depart and mounted vpon their owne horses and the Ambassador vpon such a one as he had borrowed his men marching on foot to their great griefe The Ambassadour being my selfe was conueyed into an office where one of the chancellors doeth vse to sit being there accompanied with the â—â—o foresayd gentlemen I taried two long houres before I was sent for to the Emperor In the end message being brought that the Emperour was set I was conueyed by my gentlemen vp a paire of staires thorow a large roome where sate by my estimation 300 persons all in rich attire taken out of the Emperors wardrobe for that day vpon three ranks of benches set round about the place rather to present a maiestie then that they were either of quality or honor At the first entry into the chamber I with my cap gaue them the reuerence such as I iudged their stately sitting graue countenances and sumptuous apparell required and seeing that it was not answered againe of any of them I couered my head and so passing to a chamber where the Emperor was there receiued me at the doore from my two gentlemen or gouernors two of the Emperors counsellors and shewed me to the Emperor and brought me to the middle of the chamber where I was willed to stand still and to say that which I had to say I by my Interpretor opened my message as I receiued it from the Queene my Mistresse from whom I came at whose name the Emperor stood vp and demanded diuers questions of her health and state whereunto answere being made he gaue me his hand in token of my welcome and caused me to sit downe and further asked me diuers questions This done I deliuered her Maiesties present which was a notable great Cup of siluer curiously wrought with verses grauen in it expressing the histories workmanly set out in the same All being sayd and done as appeared to his contentment he licenced me and my whole company to depart who were all in his presence and were saluted by him with a nod of his head and sayd vnto me I dine not this day openly for great affaires I haue but I will send thee my dinner and giue leaue to thee and thine to go at liberty and augment our allowance to thee in token of our loue and fauor to our sister the Queene of England I with reuerence tooke my leaue being conueyed by two other of greater calling then those that brought me to the Emperors sight who deliuered me to the two first gentlemen who conducted me to the office where I first was where came vnto me one called the Long duke with whom I conferred a while and so returned to my lodging Within one houre after in comes to my lodging a duke richly apparelled accompanied with fiftie persons ech of them carying a siluer dish with meat and couered with siluer The duke first deliuered twenty loaues of bread of the Emperors owne eating hauing tasted the same and deliuered euery dish into my hands and tasted of euery kinde of drinke that he brought This being done the duke and his company sate downe with me and tooke part of the Emperors meat and filled themselues well of all sorts and went not away from me vnrewarded Within few nights after the Emperor had will to speake secretly with me and sent for me in the night by the Long duke The place was farre off and the night colde and I hauing changed my apparell into such as the Russes do weare found great in commoditie thereby Hauing talked with him aboue three houres towards the morning I was dismissed and so came home to my lodging where I remained aboue six weeks after before I heard againe from the Emperour who went the next day to Slouoda the house of his solace After the end of which sixe weeks which was about the beginning of April the Emperour returned from Slouoda aforesayd and sent for me againe to make repaire vnto him And being come I dealt effectually with him in the behalfe of our English merchants and found him so graciously inclined towards them that I obtained at his hands my whole demands for large priuileges in generall together with all the rest my particular requests And then he commended to my conduct into England a noble man of his called Andrew Sauin as his Ambassadour for the better confirmation of his priuileges granted and other negotiations with her Maiesty And thus being dispatched with full contentment the sayd Ambassadour and my selfe departed and imbarked at S. Nicholas about the end of Iuly and arriued safely at London in the moneth of September following A copie of the priuiledges granted by the right high and mightie Prince the Emperour of Russia c. vnto the right worshipfull fellowship of English merchants for the discouerie of new trades and hither sent by Thomas Randolfe esquire her Maiesties Ambassadour to the sayd Emperour and by Andrew Sauin his Ambassadour in the yere of our Lord God 1569. ONe God euerlasting and without and before the beginning the Father the Sonne and the holy Ghost the blessed Trinitie our onely God maker and preseruer of all things and replenisher of all things euery where who by thy goodnesse doest cause all men to loue the giuer of wisedome our onely Mediatour and leader of vs all vnto blessed knowledge by the onely Sonne his word our Lord Iesus Christ holy and euerlasting Spirit and now in these our dayes teachest vs to keepe Christianitie and sufferest vs to enioy our kingdome to the happy commodity of our land and wealth of our people in despight of our enemies and to our fame with our friends We Iohn Vasiliwich by the grace of God great lord Emperour and great duke of all Russia Volodemer Moscouia Nouogrod Emperour of Cazan Tuersky Vgorsky Permisky Vadsky Bulgaria and many others lord and great duke of the Low countreys of Nouogrod Chernigosky Resansky Polotsky Rastow Yeraslaue Bealosera Owdorsky Condinsky and all Siberland great commander of all the North parts lord of Leâ—â—land and many other Northward Southward and Westward Whereas our sister
all our Townes Captaines and authorised men to defende and garde the said Marchants from all theeues robbers and euill disposed persons 23 If in comming or going to and fro our dominions the Marchants the factors or seruants be spoyled on the sea our Counsell shall send our letters and will them to be sought out and where they shall finde the goods cause it to be restored againe and the offender to be punished according to our commandement 24 Also of our goodnes we haue granted the saide Merchants to take vp Brokers Packers Wayers and such like labourers as shall be needefull for them paying for their hier as the labourers and they shall agree 25 We likewise of our goodnes haue licensed the English Marchants in our Townes of Mosco Nouogorod the great and Plesko that the Coiners of the said Townes shall melt Dollers and coine money for them without custome allowing for coales and other necessaries with the workemanship 26 Also of our goodnes we haue granted to the sayd English Merchants to take poste horse at needfull times leauing with our officers a note how many they take and not else in no case hindering or diminishing our treasurie 27 Also for our sister Queene Elizabeths sake we of our goodnes haue granted to the merchants within written this our letter and to their successors that no Englishman nor any other stranger come without the Queenes leaue to Colmogorode the riuer of Vob Vasiagy Pechora Cola Mezena Pechingo Zeleuetskyes Island the riuer of Shame nor to no other hauen of Dwina nor to any part of the northside of Dwina by hetherward of Wardhouse to any hauen with shippe Busse or any other vessell nor to occupie in any kind of waies but only the said English companie and their successors to whom we of our goodnes haue granted this priuiledge 28 Also that no English Merchant without the Queenes leaue shall come with any wares to the Narue or Vriogorod 29 And whatsoeuer English Merchant stranger or other of whatsoeuer Countrey he be shall come with any shippe Busse or any other vessel to any of the said hauens of the north side to any part of Dwina by North the Narue or Vriogorod without the Queenes leaue or knowledge not being of the company aboue written we to apprehende and take the same vessell from those strangers and Merchants the one halfe to vs the Emperour and great Duke and the other halfe to the company of English Merchants 30 Also of our goodnes we haue granted the said company of English merchants that no English merchants or strangers shall passe through our dominions to Boghar Persia Casbin Charday or other Countreys saue onely the company of English merchants and our owne messengers 31 Also whatsoeuer Englishman comming out of England or any other Countrey into our dominions without the Queenes leaue and knowledge not being of the sayd company written within those our letters mind and purpose to abide in our realme contrary to the Queenes will and pleasure or any way abuse himselfe the Agent shall freely send him home to the Queene his Soueraigne which if the Agent of himselfe be vnable to do let him pray for ayd of the captaines and officers of our townes there being and so send him to prison and will the sayd captaines not to hinder the sayd Agent from sending home such euill persons into England 32 And if any man within our countrey runne away to any other towne or place the English merchants and factours to haue free libertie to apprehend him and take their goods from him againe 33 And as for our priuilege giuen to Thomas Glouer Ralfe Rutter Christopher Bennet Iohn Chappell and their adherents we haue commanded the same priuileges to be taken from them 34 Aâ—so we of our goodnesse haue granted the sayd company of English merchants their successours seruants and deputies that doe or shall remaine at Mosco or elsewhere within our dominions freely to keepe their owne law and in any wise none of ours to force them to our law or faith against their will Moreouer besides and with the company of English merchants we permit all strangers to trade to our towne of Narue Iuanogorod other our townes of Liefland as they haue done beforetime Giuen from the beginning of the world 7077 in the moneth of Iune 20 Indiction 12 the yere of our lordship and reign 35 and of our Empire of Rusland 23 Cazan 17 Astracan 15. Other speciall grants by his Maiesties priuate letters at the sute of M. Randolfe Ambassadour REleasement out of prison of Fitzherbert that was accused for writing of letters against the Emperour Liberty giuen to Thomas Greene that was accused and troubled vpon suspition of his dealing with the Ambassadour and licence giuen to him to trafficke as he was accustomed Andrew Atherton and his sureties released at the Narue and his seruant at the Mosco that were in trouble for sending the merchants letters into England A letter granted to Thomas Southam to the Councell for iustice against them that stole the pearles His Maiesties fauor promised to the Artificers and liuings to be appointed them as they can best dâ—serue A letter to the merchants that went into Persia to passe freely without impeachment in his dominions as also letters of fauour to the great Shaugh of Persia. A grant vnto the company that at what time soeuer they send to the discouery of Cataya they shal be licenced to repaire vnto this countrey and haue such conducts and guides mariners vessels men and victuals as they shall stand in need of It is also promised by Knez Alfanas and Peter Gregoriwich in the Emperours name that if Benet Butler or any English man complaine deface hinder in way of traffike or otherwise go about to discredit the worshipfull company and their doings that therein they shall not be heard and the doers to be punished as in such cases they shal be iudged to haue deserued Certaine persons granted to be sent home into England that serued the company and were practisers against them in that countrey A Commission giuen by vs Thomas Randolfe Ambassadour for the Queenes Maiestie in Russia and Thomas Bannister c. vnto Iames Bassendine Iames Woodcocke and Richard Browne the which Bassendine Woodcocke and Browne we appoint ioyntly together and aiders the one of them to the other in a voyage of discouery to be made by the grace of God by them for searching of the sea and border of the coast from the riuer Pechora to the Eastwards as hereafter followeth Anno 1588. The first of August IN primis when your barke with all furniture is ready you shall at the beginning of the yere assoone as you possibly may make your repaire to the Easterne part of the riuer Pechora where is an Island called Dolgoieue and from thence you shall passe to the Eastwards alongst by the Sea coast of Hugorie or the maine land of Pechora and sailing alongst by the same coast you shall passe within
said Peraslaue the 3. of February where I remained vnder the charge of a gentleman hauing then a house appointed me allowance of victuals but so straitly kept that none of our nation or other might come or sende vnto me nor I to them And the 14. of March fâ—lowing I was sent for to the Court and being within three miles of the same a poste was sent to the Gentleman which had charge of me to returne backe againe with mee to the said Peraslaue and to remaine there vntill his Maiesties further pleasure wherewith I was much dismayed and marueiled what that sudden change ment and the rather because it was a troublesome time and his Maiestie much disquieted through the ill successe of his affaires as I did vnderstand And the twentieth of the same I was sent for againe to the Court and the 23. I came before his Maiestie who caused mee to kisse his hande and gaue gratious audience vnto my Oration gratefully receiuing and accepting the Queenes Maiesties princely letters and her present in the presence of all his nobilitie After I had finished my Oration too long here to rehearse and deliuered her highnesse letters and present as aforesaid the Emperour sitting in royall estate stood vp and said How doth Queene Elizabeth my sister is she in health to whom I answered God doth blesse her Maiestie with health and peace and doeth wish the like vnto thee Lord her louing brother Then his Maiestie sitting downe againe commaunded all his nobilitie and others to depart and auoyde the chamber sauing the chiefe Secretarie and one other of the Counsell and willing me to approch neere vnto him with my Interpretor said vnto me these words Anthony the last time thou wast with vs heere wee did commit vnto thee our trustie and secret Message to be declared vnto the Queenes Maiestie herselfe thy Mistresse at thy comming home and did expect thy comming vnto vs againe at the time wee appointed with a full answere of the same from her highnesse And in the meane time there came vnto vs at seuerall times three messengers the one called Manly the other George Middleton and Edward Goodman by the way of the Narue about the Merchants affaires to whom wee sent our messenger to know whether thou Anthony were returned home in safetie and when thou shouldest returne vnto vs againe but those messengers could tell vs nothing and did miscall and abuse with euil words both our messenger and thee wherewith wee were much offended And vnderstanding that the said Goodman had letters about him we caused him to be searched with whom were found many letters wherein was written much against our Princely estate and that in our Empire were many vnlawfull things done whereat we were much grieued would suffer none of those rude messengers to haue accesse vnto vs and shortly after wee were infourmed that one Thomas Randolfe was come into our Dominions by the way of Dwina Ambassadour from the Queene and we sent a Gentleman to meete and conduct him to our Citie of Mosco at which time we looked that thou shouldest haue returned vnto vs againe And the said Thomas being arriued at our said Citie wee sent vnto him diuers times that hee should come and conferre with our Counsell whereby we might vnderstand the cause of his comming looking for answere of those our princely affaires committed vnto thee But hee refused to come to â—ur said Counsell wherefore and for that our saide Citie was visited with plague the saide Thomas was the longer kept from our presence Which being ceased foorthwith wee gaue him accesse and audience but all his talke with vs was about Merchants affaires and nothing touching ours Wee knowe that Merchants matters are to bee heard for that they are the stay of our Princely treasures But first Princes affaires are to be established and then Merchants After this the said Thomas Randolfe was with vs at our Citie of Vologda and wee dealt with him about our Princely affaires whereby amitie betwixt the Queenes Maiestie and vs might bee established for euer and matters were agreed and concluded betwixt your Ambassadour and vs and thereupon wee sent our Ambassadour into England with him to ende the same but our Ambassadour returned vnto vs againe without finishing our said affaires contrary to our expectation and the agreement betwixt vs and your said Ambassadour Thus when his Maiestie had made a long discourse I humbly beseeched his highnesse to heare me graciouâ—ly and to giue me leaue to speake without offence and to beleeue those wordes to be true which I should speake Which he graunted and these were my words Most noble and famous Prince the message which thy highnesse did sende by mee vnto the Queene her most excellent Maiestie touching thy Princely and secret affaires immediatly and so soone as I came home I did declare both secretly and truely vnto the Queenes Maiestie her selfe word for word as thou Lord diddest commaund mee Which her highnesse did willingly heare and accept and being mindefull thereof and willing to answere the same the next shipping after her Maiestie did sende vnto thee Lord her highnesse Ambassadour Thomas Randolfe whose approoued wisedome and fidelitie was vnto her Maiestie well knowen and therefore thought meete to bee sent to so worthy a Prince who had Commission not onely to treate with thy Maiestie of Merchants affaires but also of those thy Princely and secret affaires committed vnto mee And the cause most gracious Prince that I was not sent againe was for that I was imployed in seruice vpon the Seas against the Queenes Maiesties enemies and was not returned home at such time as Master Thomas Randolfe departed with the Shippes to come into thy Maiesties Countrey otherwise I had bene sent And whereas thy Maiestie saith that Thomas Randolfe would not treate with thy Counsell of the matters of his Legation hee did Lord therein according to his Commission which was First to deale with thy Maiestie thy selfe which order is commonly vsed among all Princes when they send their Ambassadours about matters of great waight And whereas the saide Thomas is charged that hee agreed and concluded vpon matters at the same time and promised the same should bee perfourmed by the Queene her Maiestie Whereupon Lord thou diddest send thy Ambassadour with him into England for answere thereof It may please thy Maiestie to vnderstand that as the saide Thomas Randolfe doeth confesse that in deede hee had talke with thy Highnesse and counsell diuers times about princely affaires euen so hee denieth that euer hee did agree conclude or make any promise in any condition or order as is alleaged otherwise then it should please the Queene her Maiestie to like of at his returne home which hee did iustifie to thy Highnes Ambassador his face in England Wherefore most mighty Prince it doth well appeare that either thy Ambassador did vntruly enforme thy Maiestie or els thy princely minde and the true meaning of the Queenes highnes her
Ambassador for want of a good Interpretor was not well vnderstood and how thankefully the Queene her Maiestie did receiue thy highnes commendations and letters sent by thy Maiesties Ambassador and how gratiously shee gaue him audience sundry times vsing him with such honour in all points for thy sake Lord her louing brother as the like was neuer shewed to any Ambassador in our Realme and how honourably with full answere in all things her Maiestie dismissed him when hee had finished all thy princely affaires as it seemed to his owne contentation it may well appeare by a true certificate lately sent with her highnes letter vnto thee Lord by her messenger Robert Beast and her Maiestie did suppose that that thy Ambassador would haue made report accordingly and that by him thy highnes would haue bene satisfied in all things otherwise she would haue sent her Maiesties Ambassador with him vnto thee Lord againe But now her highnes perceiuing that thy Maiestie is not fully satisfied in thy Princely affaires neither by Thomas Randolfe her highnes Ambassador nor by thine owne Ambassador Andrea Sauin nor yet by her Maiesties letter sent by the said Andrea and also vnderstanding thy great griefe and displeasure towards sir William Garret and his company merchants traffiking in thy Maiesties dominions hath thought good to send mee at this present vnto thee Lord Emperor and great duke as wel with her highnes ful mind touching thy princely affaires as also to know the iust cause of thy Maiesties said displeasure towards the said company of merchants and hath commanded me to answere to all things in their behalfe and according to their true meanings For her highnes doth suppose thy Maiesties indignation to proceede rather vpon the euill and vntrue reports of thy late Ambassador in England and of such wicked persons of our nation resident here in thy highnes dominions rebels to her Maiestie and their Countrey then of any iust deserts of the said merchants who neuer willingly deserued thy highnesse displeasure but rather fauour in all their doings and meanings And since the first time of their traffiking in thy Maiesties dominions which is now nineteene yeres the said merchants haue bene and are alwayes ready and willing truely to serue thy highnesse of all things meete for thy Treasurie in time of peace and of warre in despite of all thy enemies although the Princes of the East Seas were agreed to stoppe the sound and the way to the Narue and haue brought and do bring from time to time such commoditie to thee Lord as her Maiestie doeth not suffer to be transported foorth of her Realme to no other Prince of the world And what great losses the said sir William Garret with his company hath sustained of late yeeres in this trade as well by Shipwracke as by false seruants it is manifestly knowen and what seruice the said companies Ships did vnto thy Maiestie against thy enemies two yeeres past in going to the Narue when they sought with the king of Poles shippes Freebooters and burnt the same and slew the people and as many as were taken aliue deliuered vnto thy Captaine at the Narue I trust thy highnesse doth not forget Wherefore most mighty prince the premises considered the Queene her most excellent Maiestie thy louing sister doeth request thy highnes to restore the said sir William Garret with his company into thy princely fauour againe with their priuiledges for free traffique with thy accustomed goodnes and iustice to be ministred vnto them throughout all thy Maiesties dominions as aforetime and that the same may be signified by thy Princely letters directed to thy officers in all places any thy highnesse commaundement or restraint to the contrary notwithstanding And further that it will please thy Maiestie not to giue credite to false reports and vntrue suggestions of such as are enemies and such as neither would haue mutuall amitie to continue betwixt your Maiesties nor yet entercourse betwixt your countries And such rebels of our nation as Ralfe Rutter and others which lye lurking here in thy highnes dominions seeking to sowe dissenâ—ions betwixt your Maiesties by false surmises spending away their masters goods riotously and will not come home to giue vp their accompts aduancing themselues to be merchants and able to serue thy highnes of all things fit for thy treasurie whereas indeed they be of no credite nor able of themselues to do thy Maiestie any seruice at all the Queenes highnes request is that it would please thy Maiestie to commaund that such persons may be deliuered vnto me to be caried home least by their remayning here and hauing practises and friendship with such as be not thy highnesse friendes their euil doing might be a cause hereafter to withdraw thy goodnes from sir William Garret and his company who haue true meaning in all their doings and are ready to serue thy highnesse at all times vsing many other words to the aduancement of your credits and the disgracing of your enemies and so I ended for that time Then sayd his Maiestie We haue heard you and will consider of all things further when wee haue read the Queene our sisters letters to whom I answered that I supposed his Maiestie should by those letters vnderstand her highnesse full minde to his contentation and what wanted in writing I had credite to accomplish in word Wherewith his Maiestie seemed to be wel pleased and commaunded me to sit downe And after pawsing a while his Maiestie said these words vnto me It is now a time which we spend in fasting and praying being the weeke before Easter and for that we will shortly depart from hence towards our borders of Nouogrod wee â—an not giue you answere nor your dispatch here but you shall goe from hence and tary vs vpon the way where wee will shortly come and then you shall knowe our pleasure and haue your dispatch And so I was dismissed to my lodging and the same day I had a dinner ready drest sent me from his Maiestie with great store of drinkes of diuers sorts and the next day following being the foure and twentieth of March aforesayde the chiefe Secretary to his Maiesty sent vnto mee a Gentleman to signifie vnto mee that the Emperours Maiesties pleasure was I should immediatly depart towards a Citie called Otwer three hundred miles from the aforesaid Sloboda and there to tary his highnes comming vnto a place called Staryts three score miles from the sayd Otwer Then I sent my Interpretor to the chiefe Secretary requesting him to further and shew his fauour vnto our saide merchants in their sutes which they should haue occasion to moue in my absence who sent me word againe that they should be wel assured of his friendship and furâ—herance in all their sutes And forthwith post horses were sent me with a Gentleman to conduct me And so departing from the said Sloboda I arriued at the said Otwer the 28. of March aforesaid where I remained til the
and forgiue Thomas Glouer his great and grieuous offences towards her highnesse committed onely for his Maiesties sake but also commanded sir William Garrard with his company to deale fauourably with the said Glouer in his accompts to whom he was indebted greatly and being their seruant detained their goods in his hands a long time whereupon the said sir William Garrard with his company counted with the said Glouer and ended all things euen to his saide contentation and was found to bee debter to the said company 4000. rubbles and aboue and bound himselfe both by his solemne othe and his hand-writing to pay the same immediatly after his returne into Russia with the said Andrea Sauin vnto Nicholas Proctor chiefe Agent there for the said company of merchants But although it is now two yeeres past since the said agreement and that the said Nicholas hath diuers and sundry times requested the said money of the said Thomas yet will he not pay the same debt but maketh delay from time to time alleadging that his Maiestie oweth him a great summe of money without the payment whereof he cannot be able to pay the said merchants his due debt long forborne to their great hinderance In consideration of the premisses It may please his highnesse to giue order that the said Glouer may be payd and that he may discharge his debt to the said company of merchants and the rather for that hee found such mercie and fauour in England onely for his Maiesties sake 13 Also forasmuch as Ralfe Rutter a rebell to the Queenes Maiestie and an enemie to his Countrey and to sir William Garrard and his company hath of long time remained here liuing of the spoyles and goods of the said merchants which he wrongfully detained in his handes riotously spending the same during the time that he was their seruant and would not come home when he was sent for and also for that the Queenes Maiestie doth vnderstand that the said Ralfe with other his adherents doe seeke by all false meanes to sowe dissention and breake amitie betwixt their Maiesties and to ouerthrowe the trade of the said merchants Her highnes request is that the said Ralfe with his complices may be deliuered vnto me to be caried home and none other of her Maiesties subiects not being of the societie of the said Sir William Garrard and his company to be suffered to traffike within his highnes dominions but to be deliuered to their Agent to bee sent home for that the said merchants with great charges and losses both by shipwracke and riotous seruants did first finde out this trade and haue continued the same these 19. yeeres to their great hinderance 14 Also whereas diuers masters and artificers of our Nation are here in his Maiesties seruice and do finde themselues grieued that they cannot haue licence to depart home into their natiue Countrey at their will and pleasure the Queenes Maiesties request is according to her highnes writing in that behalfe that not onely it will please his Maiestie to permit and suffer such artificers here resident in the seruice of his highnes to haue free libertie to depart and go home with me if they request the same but also all oâ—her the like which shall come hereafter to serue his Maiesty to haue free libertie to depart likewise without any let or stay 15 Also it may please his Maiesty to vnderstand that during the time of my long being at Colmogro attending his highnesse pleasure for my further accesse I with my company haue not onely bene ill vsed and intreated there and likewise the merchants there by one Besson Myssereuy his Maiesties chiefe officer who hath dishonoured me and smitten my people and oweth the saide merchants much money and will not pay them but also the saide Besson hath spoken wordes of dishonour against the Queenes Maiestie Wherefore it may please his highnesse to send downe with me to Colmogro a Gentleman as well chiefly to search foorth his euil behauiour towards her Maiestie as towards me her highnesse Ambassador and to punish him accordingly and also that it would please his Maiestie to sende downe his letter of iustice by vertue whereof the said Besson may be forced to pay all such money as he oweth to the sayd merchants without delay 16 Also that it would please his highnesse to vnderstand that sir William Garrard with his company vnderstanding of the great dearth in his Maiesties dominions by licence of the Queens Maiestie not otherwise permitted hath sent certaine ships laden with corne into his highnesse Countrey of Dwyna rather for the reliefe of his Maiesties subiects then for any gaine yet the good wil of the said merchants lightly regarded they were forbidden to sel the said corne to their great discouragement hereafter to send any more Wherefore it may please his highnesse to tender the good will of the said merchants as well in sending the saide corne as in all other things ready to serue his Maiestie and to direct his letters to his officers of Dwina to suffer the saide merchants with their company to sell the said corne by measure great or small at their pleasure without paying custome These articles being deliuered to the chiefe Secretary as aforesayde and our talke ended for that time I departed to my lodging accompanied with certaine Gentlemen The next day being the 13. of May aforesaid I had warning earely in the morning to prepare my selfe to be at the Court betwixt the houres of 10. and 11. of the clocke where I should haue accesse vnto the presence of the Prince as well to receiue answere of all things as to bee dismissed to goe home At which houres I was sent for to the Court and brought into the Chamber of presence where his Maiestie did sit apparelled most sumptuously with a riche Crowne vpon his head garnished with many pretious stones his eldest sonne sitting by him and many of his Nobilitie about him and after my duetie done his highnesse commanded me to approch very neere vnto him and sayde vnto me these wordes Anthony the Queene our louing sister her letters wee haue caused to be translated and doe well vnderstand the same and of all things as well therein contained as by worde of mouth by you to vs declared wee haue well considered and doe perceiue that our secret message vnto you committed was done truely according to our minde although wee were aduertised to the contrary and nowe wee are by you fully satisfied And when wee did sende our Ambassadour into England about those our great and waightie affaires to conclude the same with the Queene our sister our Ambassadour coulde ende nothing for want of such assurance as was requisite in princely affaires according to the maner of all Countreys but was dismissed vnto vs againe with letters of small effect touching the same and no Ambassadour sent with him from the Queene which caused vs to thinke that our princely affaires were set aside and little
receiued here before their departure 4 Their remaining so late with you shal satisfie your desire for perfecting your accounts and may bring such cordage Waxe Oile other commodities as you can prouide before that time and chiefly may serue vs in stead to bring home our goods that may be sent vs from Persia. Now seeing it may be so many wayes commodious to the commpany to obserue this order without any charge vnto them I wish that you put to your helping hand to further the same A copie of the Commission giuen to Sir Ierome Bowes authorizing him her Maiesties Ambassadour vnto the Emperour of Russia Anno 1583. ELIZABETHA Dei gratia Angliae Franciae Hyberniae Regina fidei defensatrix c. Vniuersis singulis praesentes literas visuris inspecturis salutem Cùm Serenissimus Princeps Ioannes Basilius Rex magnus Dux Russiae Volodiomerae Moscoulae Nouogrodiae Rex Cazani Astracani Dominus Plescoae magnus Dux Smolenscoae Tueri Vgori Permiae Valeae Bolharae aliarum ditionum Dominus magnus Dux Nouogrodiae in inferiori regione Chernigae Rezanae Polotscoae Ratsauiae Yeraslauae Bealozeri Liflandiae Oudori Condensae gubernator in tota prouincia Siberiae partium Septentrionalium aliarum frater Amicus charissimus Nobilem virum Feodor Andrewich Spisemski nuper ad nos ablegauerit ad certa quaedam negotia nobiscum agenda quae honorem vtrinque nostrum quà m proximè attingunt queque rectè definiri concludÃque nequeunt nisi Ambassiatorem aliquem oratorem ad praefatum serenissimum principem amandauerimus Hinc est quòd nos de fidelitate industria prouida circumspectione satis magno rerum vsu predilecti nobis famuli nostri Hieronimi Bowes Militis ex nobilibus domesticis nostris vnius plurimùm confidentes praefatum Hieronimum Bowes Militem nostrum verum indubitatum Ambassiatorem Oratorem Commissarium specialem facimus constituimus per praesentes Dante 's concedentes eidem Hieronimo Bowes Militi oratori nostro tenore praesentium authoritatem mandatum tam generale quà m speciale ita quòd specialitas non deroget generalitati nec è contrà generalitas specialitati nomine nostro pro nobis cum praefato serenissimo principe eâ—usque consiliarijs deputatis quibuscunque de praefatis negotijs eorum singulis tractandi coÌ„ferendi concludendi appunctuandÃque prouâ— praefato Oratori nostro ae quum ex honore nostro videbitur Nec non de super huiusmoditractatis conclusis appunctuatÃsque caeterÃsque omnibus singulis praemissa quouismodo concernentibus literas instrumenta valida efficacia nomine nostro pro nobis tradendi literasque instrumenta consimilis vigoris effectus ex altera parte petenâ—i confici sigillari debitè procurandi recipiendi generaliter omnia singula praemissa qualitercunque concernentia faciendi exercendi expediendi in eodem modo sicut nos ipsi faceremus facere possemus si essemus praesentes etiamsi talia sint quae de se mandatum exigant magis speciale promittentes bona fide in verbo Regio omnia singula quae per praedictum Ambassiatorem oratorem nostrum appunctuata promissa conuenta concordata conclusa fuerint in hac parte nos rata grata firma habituras obseruaturas superinde literas nostras patentes confirmatorias approbatorias in forma valida autentica prout opus fuerit daturas In cuius rei restimonium his praesentibus manu nostra signatis magnum sigillum nostrum regni nostri Anglie apponi fecimus Datae è Regia nostra Grenwici quinto die mensis Iunij Anno Dom. 1583. Regni verò nostri vicessimo quinto The same in English ELIZABETH by the grace of God Queene of England France and Ireland defender of the faith c. to al and singular to whom these presents shal come to be seen and red greeting Whereas the most excellent prince Iohn Basiliwich king and great duke of all Russia Volodomer Moscouie and Nouogrod king of Cazan and Astracan lord of Plesco and great duke of Smolensco of Tuer Vgor and Permia Valca Bolhar and others lord great duke of Nouogrod in the low country of Cherniga Rezan Polotsco Rostoue Yeraslaue Bealozera Lieâ—â—and Oudor Obdor and Condensa and gouernour of al the land of Siberia and of the North parts and other our most deare brother and frieÌ„d did of late send vnto vs one Feodor Andrewich Spisemsky a noble man of his to deale with vs in certaine speciall businesses respecting very neerely the honour of either of vs and being such as without the speeding of some Ambassadour of ours to the foresaid most excellent prince cannot be sufficiently determined and coÌ„cluded For this cause we hauing great coÌ„fidence in the fidelitie industrie prouident circumspection and conuenient experience of our welbeloued seruant Ierome Bowes knight a gentleman of qualitie of our housholde do by these presents make and constitute the foresaid Ierome Bowes knight our true vndoubted Ambassadour Orator and special commissioâ—er giuing and graunting to the same Ierome Bowes knight our Orator by the vertue of these presents authoritie and commandement as wel general as special so that the special shall not preiudice the generall nor on the other side the general the special to intreat conferre conclude and appoint in our name and for vs with the foresaid most excellent prince and his counsellers and deputies whatsoeuer concerning the foresaide businesses and ech of them according as it shall seeme good and for our honour to our foresaide Orator as also of and vpon such things intreated concluded and appointed as in all and singular other things any maner of way concerning the premisses to deliuer in our name and for vs sufficient and effectual letters and instruments and to require letters instruments of the like validitie and effect of the other part and to procure them lawfully to bee made and sealed and then to receiue them and generally to doe execute and dispatch al and singular other things concerning the premisses in and after the same maner as we our selues would and might do if we were present although they be such things as may seeme of themselues to require a more speciall commandement promising in good faith and in the word of a prince that we will hold and obserue all and singular the things which by our Ambassador aforesayd shall be appointed promised agreed accorded and concluded in this behalfe as lawfull gratefull and firme and thereupon as need shall require will giue our letters patents confirmatory and approbatory in forme effectuall and autenticall In witnesse whereof we haue caused our great seale of our kingdome of England to be put to these presents and signed them with our owne hand Giuen at our pallace of Greenewich the fourth day of Iune in the yeere of our Lord 1583 and of our
the Emperor in which passage the chancellor came to meet him and would haue taken his letters to whom the ambassador sayd that her Maiesty had directed no letters to him and so went on and deliuered them himselfe to the Emperors owne hands And after hauing thus deliuered her Maiesties letters and what he had els to say at that time he was conducted to the Councell chamber where hauing had conference with the councell of matters of his ambassage he was soone after sent for againe to the Emperour where he dined in his presence at a side table nere vnto him and all his company at another boord by where also dined at other tables in the same place all the chiefe noble men that were about the Court to the number of an hundred And in the time of this dinner the Emperor vsed many fauors to the ambassadour and about the midst of dinner standing vp dranke a great carouse to the health of the Queene his good sister and sent him a great bowle full of Rhenish wine and sugar to pledge him The ambassadour after this was often called to Court where he had confâ—rence both with the Emperour and his councell of the matters in question touching both ambassages which diuers times raised many iarres and in the end after sundry meetings the Emperour finding himselfe not satisfied to his liking for that the ambassadour had not power by his commission to yeeld to euery thing that he thought â—it as a man whose will was seldome wonted to be gainsayd let loose his passion and with a sterne and angry countenance tolde him that he did not reckon the Queene of England to be his fellow for there are quoth he that are her betters The ambassadour greatly misliking these speeches being very vnwilling how dangerous soeuer it might prooue to his owne person to giue way to the Emperor to derogate ought from the honour and greatnesse of her Maiesâ—y and finding also that to subiect himselfe to the angrie humour and disposition of the Emperour was not the meanes to winne ought at his hands with like courage and countenance to answere his tolde him that the Queene his Mistresse was as great a prince as any was in Christendome equall to him that thought himselfe the greatest well able to defend herselfe against his malice whosoeuer and wanted no meanes to offend any that either shee had or should haue cause to be enemy vnto Yea quoth he How sayest thou to the French king and the king of Spaine Mary quoth the ambassadour I holde the Queene my Mistresse as great as any of them both Then what sayest thou quoth hee to the Emperour of Germany Such is the greatnesse of the Queene my Mistresse quoth the ambassadour as the King her father had not long since the Emperor in his pay in his warres against France This answere misliked the Emperor yet so much more as that he tolde the ambassadour that were he not an ambassador he would throw him out of the doores Whereunto he answered that he might doe his will for he was now fast within his countrey but he had a Mistresse who he doubted not would be reuenged of any iniury that should be done vnto him Whereupon the Emperour in great sudden bade him get him home And he with no more reuerence then such vsage required saluted the Emperor and went his way All this notwithstanding the ambassadour was not much sooner out of the chamber and the Emperours cholar somewhat setled but he deliuered to his councell that stood about him many commendations in the fauor of the ambassador for that he would not indure one ill word to be spoken against his Mistresse and there withall wished himselfe to haue such a seruant The ambassadour had not beene much more then one houre in his lodging but the Emperour imagining as it seemed by the extraordinary behauior of the ambassador for he wanted not wit to iudge that he had found what was the Emperors case sent his principall secretary vnto him to tell him that notwithstanding what had past yet for the great loue that he bare to the Queene his sister he should very shortly be called againe to Court and haue a resolution of all the matters in questiâ—n and this Secretary was now further content to impart and sayd to the ambassadour that the Emperour was fully resolued to send a greater noble man home with him in ambassage to the Queene his sister then euer he yet at any time sent â—ut of his countrey and that he determined also to send to the Queene a present woorth three thousand pounds and to gratifie himselfe at his departure with a gift that should be woorth a thousand pounds and tolde him also that the next day the Emperour would send a great noble man vnto him to conferre with him of certaine abuses done him by Shalkan the chancellor and his ministers And so the day following he sent Bodan Belskoy the chiefest counseller that he had a man most in credit with him this man examined all matters wherewith the ambassador had found himselfe grieued and supplied him with what hee wanted and righted him in all things wherein hee had beene wronged Not long after the returne of this noble man the Emperor caused to be set downe in his owne presence a nâ—w and much larger allowance of diet for the ambassador then he had had before and shortly after sent the same to the ambassadour by his principall Secretarie Sauio Frollo This diet was so great as the ambassadour often times sought to haue it lessened but the Emperour would not by any meanes The scroule of the new diet was this One bushell of fine meale for three dayes One bushell of wheate meale for a day and a halfe Two liue geese for one day Twenty hennes for the day Seuen sheepe for a day One oxe for three dayes One side of porke for a day Seuentie egges for a day Ten pound of butter Seuenty peny white loaues of bread Twelue peny loaues of bread One veather or gallon of vineger Two veathers of salt cabiges One peâ—ke of onions Ten pound of salt On altine or sixe peny woorth of waxe candles Two altines of tallow candles One fourth part of a veather of cherrie mead As much of Mallynouomead Halfe a veather of burnt wine One veather of sodden mead called Obarni Three veathers of sweet mead Ten veathers of white mead Fifteene veathers of ordinary mead Foure veathers of sweet beere Fifteene veathers of beere Halfe a pound of pepper Three sollitincks or ounces of saffron One sollitincke of mase One sollitincke of nutmegs Two sollitincke of cloues Three sollitincks of sinamâ—n Prouender One bushell of oats One load of hay One load of straw Now he began so much to discouer his purpose and affections towards her Maiesty her countrey as he sent to the ambassador intreating him that his preacher and doctor Iacob his English physician might set downe the points of the religion
in vse in England which the ambassadour caused to be done accordingly and sent them vnto him who seemed so well to like them as he caused them with much good allowance to be publikely read before diuers of his councell and many others of his nobility Now he drew hotly againe in question to marry some kinsewoman of her Maiesties that he would send againe into England to haue some one of them to wife and if her Maiestie would not vpon his next ambassage send him such a one as he required himselfe would then goe into England and cary his treasure with him and marry one of them there Here you must vnderstand that the yeere before this ambassage he had sent to her Maiesty by his ambassador to haue had the lady Mary Hastings in marriage which intreaty by meanes of her inability of body by occasion of much sicknesse or perhaps of no great liking either of herselfe or friends or both â—ooke no place The ambassador was now so farre growen into the Emperors fauor his affection so great to England as those great counsellers that were the ambassadors great enemies before were now desirous of some publike courtesies at his hands for their aduantage to the Emperour neither durst they now any more interpose themselues twixt the Emperour and him for not long before this the Emperor for abusing the ambassador had to shew his fauor towards him beaten Shalkan the chanceller very grieuously and had sent him word that he would not leaue one of his race aliue Now whilest the ambassador was thus strongly possest of the Emperours fauor he imployed himselfe in all he might not onely for the speedy dispatch of the negotiation he had in hand but laboured also by all the good meanes he might further to benefit his countrey and countreymen and so not long after wanne at the Emperours hands not onely all those things he had in commission to treat for by his instructions but also some other of good and great importance for the benefit of the merchants Priuate sutes obteined of the Emperor by the ambassador LEaue for Richard Fransham an English man and apothecary to the Emperour his wife and children to come home into England and to bring with him all such goods as he had gotten there He obteiâ—ed like leaue for Richard Elmes an Engliâ—hman one of the Emperours surgions He also got leaue for Iane Richards the widow of Doctor Bomelius a Dutchman and physician to the Emperour who for treason practised with the king of Pole against the sayd Emperour was rosted to death at the city of Mosco in the yere 1579. These following he obteined for the behoofe of the merchants HE procured for the merchants promise of recompense for certaine goods taken from their factors by robbery vpon the Volga He obtained likewise the payment of fiue hundred marks which was payd for ten yeeres before his going into Russia into the Emperours receit for a rent of a house that they had at Vologda He also got granted for them the repayment of fifteene hundred marks which had bene exacted of them the two last yeres before his comming thither He got also for them order for the repayment of an olde and desperate debt of three thousand marks a debt so desperate as foure yeeres left out of their accounts and by the opinion of them all not thought fit to be dealt with for too much offending the Emperor or impeaching his other businesse which was thought at least otherwise sufficient and was therefore left out of his instructions from her Maiesty He obteined that all strangers were forbidden to trade any more into Russia and that the passage and trade to all the Emperors Northren coasts and countries from the Wardhouse to the riuer of Ob should be onely free to the English nation Lastly of a great desire he had to do the merchants good without motion either of themselues here or their Agents there or any other of them he obteined of the Emperour the abatement of all their custome which they had long before payd and agreed still to continue which custome the Dutchmen and strangers being remooued as now it was agreed amounted to two thousand pounds yerely All thâ—se were granted some already payd before his comming from Mosco the olde priuilege ratified newly written signed and sealed and was to be deliuered to the ambassadour at his next comming to Court before when the Empeâ—or fell sicke of a surfet and so died After whose death the case was woondrously altered with the ambassador for whereas both in his owne conceit and in all mens opinion els he was in great forwardnes to haue growen a great man with the Emperor what for the loue he bare to her Maiesty and the particular liking he had of himselfe he now fell into the hands of his great enemies Mekita Romanouich and Andre Shalkan the chanceller who after the death of the Emperour tooke the speciall gouernment vpon themselues and so presently caused the ambassadour to be shut vp a close prisoner in his owne house for the space of nine weeks and was so straightly guarded and badly vsed by those that attended him as he dayly suspected some further mischiefe to haue followed for in this time there grew a great vprore in Mosco of nigh twenty thousand persons which remembring that his enemies reigned somewhat amazed the ambassadour but yet afterwards the matter fell out against that great counsellor Bodan Belskoy whom I noted before to be a special man in the old Emperors fauor who was now notwithstanding so outragiously assaulted as that he was forced to seeke the Emperors chamber for his safety and was afterwards sent away to Cazan a place he had in gouernment fiue hundred miles from Mosco where he hath remained euer since and neuer as yet called againe to court at which time the ambassador expected some such like measure and prepared himselfe aswell as he could for his defence yet happily after this was sent for to court to haue his dispatch and to take his leaue of the Emperor whither being conducted not after the woonted maner and brought to the councell chamber came to him onely Shalkan the chanceller and a brother of his who without more adoe tolde him for the summe of his dispatch that this Emperour would not treat of further amity with the Queene his mistresse then such as was betweene his late father and her before his comming thither and would not heare any reply to be made by the ambassadour but presently caused both himselfe and all his company to be disarmed of their weapons and go towards the Emperor In which passage there were such outrages offered him as had he not vsed more patience then his disposition afforded him or the occasion required he had not in likelihood escaped with life but yet at length was brought to the presence of the Emperour who sayd nothing to him but what the chanceller had already done but offered him a
princes There came also Ambassadors from the Emperor of Almaine the Pole the Swethen the Dane c. And since his coronation no enemie of his hath preuailed in his attempts It fell out not long after that the Emperor was desirous to send a message to the most excellent Queene of England for which seruice he thought no man fitter than M. Ierome Horsey supposing that one of the Queenes owne men and subiects would be the more acceptable to her The summe of which message was that the Emperor desired a continuance of that league friendship amitie and intercourse of traffique which was betweene his father and the Queens maiestie and her subiects with other priuate affaires besides which are not to be made common Master Horsey hauing receiued the letters and requests of the Emperour prouided for his iourney ouer land and departed from Mosco the fift day of September thence vnto Otuer to Torshook to great Nouogrod to Vobsky and thence to Nyhouse in Liuonia to Wenden and so to Riga where he was beset and brought foorthwith before a Cardinall called Rageuil but yet suffred to passe in the end From thence to Mito to Golden and Libou in Curland to Memel to Koningsburgh in Prussia to Elbing to Dantzike to Stetine in Pomerland to Rostock to Lubeck to Hamborough to Breme to Emden and by sea to London Being arriued at her maiesties roiall court and hauing deliuered the Emperors letters with good fauour and gracious acceptance he was foorthwith againe commaunded to repasse into Ruffia with other letters from her maiestie to the Emperor and prince Boris Pheodorowich answering the Emperors letters and withall requesting the fauour and friendship which his father had yeelded to the English merchants and hereunto was he earnestly also solicited by the merchants of London themselues of that company to deale in their behalfe Being thus dispatched from London by sea he arriued in Mosco the 20. of April 1586. and was very honorably welcommed And for y t merchants behoofe obtained all his requests being therein specially fauoured by y e noble prince Boris Pheodorowich who alwayes affected M. Horsey with speciall liking And hauing obtained priuiledges for the merchants he was recommended from the Emperor againe to the Queene of England his mistresse by whom the prince Boris in token of his honorable and good opinion of the Queens maiestie sent her highnesse a roiall present of Sables Luzarns cloth of gold and other rich things So that the Companie of English merchants next to their thankfulnes to her maiestie are to account M. Horseis paines their speciall benefit who obtained for them those priuileges which in twentie yeeres before would not be granted The maner of M. Horseis last dispatch from the Emperor because it was very honorable I thought good to record He was freely allowed post horses for him and his seruants victuals and all other necessaries for his long iourney at euery towne that he came vnto from Mosco to Vologda which is by land fiue hundred miles he receiued the like free and bountifull allowances at the Emperors charge New victuall and prouision were giuen him vpon the riuer Dwina at euery towne by the kings officers being one thousand miles in length When he came to the new castle called Archangel he was receiued of the Duke Knez Vasili Andrewich Isuenogorodsky by the Emperors commission into the Castle gunners being set in rankes after their vse where he was sumptuously feasted from thence hee was dispatched with bonntifull prouision and allowance in the Dukes boat with one hundred men to rowe him and one hundred Gunners in other boats to conduct him with a gentleman captaine of the Gunners Comming to the road where the English Dutch and French ships rode the gunners discharged and the ships shot in like maner 46. pieces of their ordinance so he was brought to his lodging at the English house vpon Rose Island And that which was the full and complete conclusion of the fauour of the Emperor and Boris Pheodorowich toward M. Horsey there were the next day sent him for his further prouision vpon the fea by a gentleman and a captaine the things folowing 16. liue oxen 70. sheepe 600. hens 25. fâ—itches of Bacon 80. bushels of meale 600. loaues of bread 2000. egs 10. geese 2. cranes 2. swans 65. gallons of mead 40. gallons of Aquauitae 60. gallons of beere 3. yong beares 4. hawkes Store of onions and garlike 10. fresh salmons A wild bore All these things were brought him downe by a Gentleman of the Emperors and another of prince Boris Pheodorowich were receiued in order by Iohn Frefe seruant to M. Horsey together with an honorable present and reward from the prince Boris sent him by M. Francis Cherry an Englishman which present was a whole very rich piece of cloth of gold a faire paire of Sables This Gentleman hath obserued many other rare things concerning those partes which hereafter God willing at more conuenient time and laisure shall come to light Pheodor Iuanowich the new Emperors gracious letter of priuilege to the English Merchants word for word obtained by M Ierome Horsey 1586. THrough the wil of the almightie and without beginning God which was before this world whom we glorifie in y e Trinitie one only God the father the sonne and the holy ghost maker of all things worker of all in all euery where fulfiller of all things by which will and workingâ— he both loueth and giueth life to man That our onely God which inspireth euery one of vs his onely children with his word to discerne God through our Lord Iesus Christ and the holy quickning spirit of life now in these perilous times Establish vs to keep the right Scepter and suffer vs of our selues to raigne to the good profite of the land and to the subduing of the people together with the enemies and to the maintenance of vertue We Pheodor the ofspring of Iohn the great Lord Emperor king and great prince of all Russia of Volodemeria Moscouia and Nouogrod king of Cazan king of Astracan Lord of Plesko and great prince of Smolensko of Tuer Yougoria Permia Viatsko of Bolghar and others lord and great prince of the land of the lower Nouogrod Chernigo Rezan Polotsko Rostow Yeraslaue the White lake Liefland Oudor Condensa and Ruler of all Siberia and all the North-side and lord of many other countries I haue gratified the merchants of England to wit sir Rowland Haiward and Richard Maâ—tin Aldermen sir George Barnes Thomas Smith esquire Ierome Horsey Richard Saltonstall with their fellowes I haue licensed them to saile with their shippes into our dominion the land of Dwina with all kind of commodities to trade freely and vnto our kingdom and the citie of Mosco and to all the cities of our empire of Moscouia And the english merchants sir Rowland Haiward his societie desired vs that we would gratifie them to trade into our kingdom of Moscouia and into our
it be some fewe relations Moreouer as touching Gronland we holde this from the opinion of our auncestours that from the extreeme part of Norway which is called Biarmlandia and from whence the saide Gronland is not farre distant it fetcheth about the Northren coast of Island with an huge circuit in maner of an halfe Moone Our Chronicles likewise doe testifie that our owne countreymen in times past resorted thither for traffique and also that the very same countrey of Gronland had certaine Bishops in the dayes of Poperie More then this we cannot auouch But now it is reported that your Englishmen whom I may almost call the lordes of the Ocean sea make yeerely voyages vnto Gronland concerning which matter if you please to giue me further aduertisement you shall doe me an especial fauour Moreouer whatsoeuer newes you heare concerning the affaires of England or of other Countreys thereabout I pray you make vs acquainted therewith Thus reuerend six wishing you long life for the seruice of God for the increase of learning and the benefit of the people committed to your charge I bid you farewel From Island vpon the feast of the visitation of the blessed Uirgine Mary Anno Dom. 1595. Yours Gudbrandus Thorlacius Bishop of Hola in Island The miraculous victory atchieued by the English Fleete vnder the discreet and happy conduct of the right honourable right prudent and valiant lord the L. Charles Howard L. high Admirall of England c. Vpon the Spanish huge Armada sent in the yeere 1588. for the inuasion of England together with the wofull and miserable successe of the said Armada afterward vpon the coasts of Norway of the Scottish Westerne Isles of Ireland of Spaine of France and of England c. Recorded in Latine by Emanuel van Meteran in the 15. booke of his history of the low Countreys HAuing in part declared the strange and wonderfull euents of the yeere eightie eight which hath bene so long time foretold by ancient prophesies we will now make relation of the most notable and great enterprise of all others which were in the foresaid yeere atchieued in order as it was done Which exploit although in very deed it was not performed in any part of the low Countreys was intended for their ruine and destruction And it was the expedition which the Spanish king hauing a long time determined the same in his minde and hauing consulted thereabout with the Pope set foorth and vndertooke against England and the low Countreys To the end that he might subdue the Realme of England and reduce it vnto his catholique Religion and by that meanes might be sufficiently reuenged for the disgrace contempt and dishonour which hee hauing 34. yeeres before enforced them to the Popes obedience had endured of the English nation and for diuers other iniuries which had taken deepe impression in his thoughts And also for that hee deemed this to bee the most readie and direct course whereby hee might recouer his heredetarie possession of the lowe Countreys hauing restrained the inhabitants from sayling vpon the coast of England Which verily vpon most weighty arguments and euident reasons was thought would vndoubtly haue come to passe considering the great aboundance and store of all things necessary wherewith those men were furnished which had the managing of that action committed vnto them But now let vs describe the matter more particularly The Spanish King hauing with small fruite and commoditie for aboue twentie yeeres together waged warre against the Netherlanders after deliberation with his counsellers thereabout thought it most conuenient to assault them once againe by Sea which had bene attempted sundry times heretofore but not with forces sufficient Unto the which expedition it stoode him nowe in hand to ioyne great puissance as hauing the English people his professed enemies whose Island is so situate that it may either greatly helpe or hinder all such as saile into those parts For which cause hee thought good first of all to inuade England being perswaded by his Secretary Escouedo and by diuers other well experienced Spaniards and Dutchmen and by many English fugitiues that the conquest of that Iland was lesse difficult then the conquest of Holland and Zeland Moreouer the Spaniards were of opinion that it would bee farre more behoueful for their King to conquere England and the lowe Countreys all at once then to be constrained continually to maintaine a warlike Nauie to defend his East and West Indie Fleetes from the English Drake and from such like valiant enemies And for the same purpose the king Catholique had giuen commandement long before in Italy and Spaine that a great quantitie of timber should be felled for the building of shippes and had besides made great preparation of things and furniture requisite for such an expedition as namely in founding of brasen Ordinance in storing vp of corne and victuals in trayning of men to vse warlike weapons in leauying and mustering of souldiers insomuch that about the beginning of the yeere 1588. he had finished such a mightie Nauie and brought it into Lisbon hauen as neuer the like had before that time sailed vpon the Ocean sea A very large and particular description of this Nauie was put in print and published by the Spaniards wherein were set downe the number names and burthens of the shippes the number of Mariners and souldiers throughout the whole Fleete likewise the quantitie of their Ordinance of their armour of bullets of match of gun-poulder of victuals and of all their Nauall furniture was in the saide description particularized Unto all these were added the names of the Gouernours Captaines Noblemen and gentlemen voluntaries of whom there was so great a multitude that searce was there any family of accompt or any one principall man throughout all Spaine that had not a brother sonne or kinseman in that Fleete who all of them were in good hope to purchase vnto themselues in that Nauie as they termed it inuincible endlesse glory and renowne and to possesse themselues of great Seigniories and riches in England and in the lowe Countreys But because the said description was translated and published out of Spanish into diuers other languages we will here onely make an abridgemeut or briefe rehearsall thereof Portugal furnished and set foorth vnder the conduct of the duke of Medina Sidonia generall of the Fleete ten Galeons two Zabraes 1300. Mariners 3300. souldiers 300. great pieces with all requisite furniture Biscay vnder the conduct of Iohn Martines de Ricalde Admiral of the whole Fleete set forth tenne Galeons 4. Pataches 700. mariners 2000. souldiers 250. great pieces c. Guipusco vnder the conduct of Michael de Oquendo tenne Galeons 4. Pataches 700. mariners 2000. souldiers 310. great pieces Italy with the Leuant Islands vnder Martine de Vertendona 10. Galeons 800. mariners 2000. souldiers 310. great pieces c. Castile vnder Diego Flores de Valdez 14. Galeons two Pataches 1700. mariners 2400. souldiers and 380. great pieces
the imprisonment of M. Newbery and M. Fitch at Goa and of their escape from thence which happened while himselfe was in Goa 265 70 The money weights measures and customes vsed in Babylon Balsara Ormuz Goa Cochin and Malacca written from Alepo in Syria by M. William Barret Anno 1584. 271 71 The charge of a iourney by land and riuer from Alepo in Syria to Goa in the East India 276 72 A declaration of all the places from whence each particular commoditie of the East Indies commeth 277 73 The times or seasonable windes called Monsons wherein the ships depart from place to place in the East Indies 278 74 A description of the Isle of S. Helena frequented by the Portugales in their returne from the East India 280 75 A Priuiledge granted by Peter Prince of Moldauia to the English merchants Anno 1588. pag. 290 76 A briefe extract specifying the certaine dayly payments answered quarterly in time of peace by the Grand Signor out of his treasury to the officers of his Seraglio or Court successiuely in degrees pag. 290 77 The chiefe officers of the great Turkes Empire the number of souldiers attending vpon each of his Beglerbegs the principal officers in his Seraglio or Court his yeerely reuenues and his allowances to forren Ambassadours 292,293,294 78 The letters of Sinan Bassa chiefe counsellor to Sultan Murad Can the Grand Signor An. 1590 to the sacred Maiestie of Elizabeth Queene of England signifying that vpon her request and for her sake especially he granted peace vnto the king of Poland 294 79 The second letters patents granted by the Queenes Maiestie to the right wor. company of the English merchants for the Leuant in the yere of our Lord 1592. 295 80 A letter written by the most high and mighty Empresse the wife of the Grand Signor Sultan Murad Can to her most sacred Maiesty of England Anno 1594. 311 A briefe Catalogue of the principall English Voyages made without the Straight of Gibraltar to the South and Southeast quarters of the world contayned in the second part of this second volume immediatly following Wherein also mention is made of certaine Sea-fights and other memorable acts performed by the English Nation 1 THe voyage of Macham the first discouerer of the Isle of Madera in the yeere 1344. pag. 1 2 The first voyage to Barbary Anno 1551. pag. 7.8 3 The second voyage to Barbary Anno 1552. pag. 8.9 4 The voyage of M. Thomas Windam to Guinea and the kingdom of Benin Anno 1553. pag. 9 5 The voyage of M. Iohn Lok to Guinea Anno 1554. 14 6 The first voyage of Master William Towrson marchant of London to Guinea in the yeere of our Lord 1555. 23 7 The second voyage of M. William Towrson to Guinea and the castle of Mina An. 1556. 36 8 The third voyage of the sayd M. William Towrson to the coast of Guinea and the riuer of Seâ—tos Anno 1557. 44 9 A voyage made to Guinea at the charges of Sir William Gerard Sir William Chester c. Anno 1562. 54 10 The successe of another voyage made to Guinea at the direction of the said Sir William Gerard and others Anno 1564. 56 11 The voyage of M. George Fenner to Guinea and to the Isles of Capo Verde An. 1566. 57 12 The voyage and ambassage of Master Edmund Hogan to the Emperour of Marocco Anno 1577. 64 13 The voyage of Thomas Stukeley into Barbary 1578. 67 14 The voyage of Thomas Steuens about the Cape of Buona Esperanza vnto Goa in the East India Anno 1579. 99 15 The memorable voyage of M. Iames Lancaster about the Cape of Buona Esperanza along the Easterne coast of Africa beyond Cape Comori as far as the maine land of Malacca and from thence home againe begun in the yeere 1591. 102 16 The voyage and ambassage of Master Henry Roberts to Mully Hamet Emperour of Marocco Anno 1585. 117 17 The voyage made by two of sir Walter Raleghs Pinasses called The Serpent and The Mary Spark of Plimouth to the Azores which tooke the gouernour of the Isle of S. Michael and Pedro Sarmiento gouernour of the Streights of Magellan in the yere 1586. 120 18 The voyage of Sir Francis Drake to Cadiz and the memorable exploits and seruices performed by him as well there as at diuerse other places vpon the coast of Spaine and Portugale and his taking of the great East Indian Carak called The Sant Philip neere the Isle of S. Michael Anno 1587. 121 19 A voyage to Benin beyond the countrey of Guinea made by Master Iames Welsh who set foorth in the yeere 1588. 126 20 The second voyage made by M. Iames Welsh to Benin in Africa An. 1590. 130 21 The voyage to Spaine and Portugale written as it is thought by Colonell Anthonie Wingfield An. 1589. 134 22 The voyage of the Right honourable the Earle of Cumberland to the Azores in the yeere 1589. 155 23 A fight performed by ten marchants ships of London against 12 Spanish gallies in the Streit of Gibraltar An. 1590. 166 24 The valiant fight performed in the Streit of Gibraltar by the Centurion of London against fiue Spanish gallies An. 1591. 168 25 A true report of the fight about the Isles of the Azores betweene the Reuenge one of her Maiesties ships vnder the conduct of Sir Richard Grinuile and an Armada of the king of Spaine An. 1591. 169 26 A voyage of certaine ships of London to the coast of Spaine and the Azores Anno. 1591 Reported by M. Robert Flick 176 27 The voyage of Richard Rainolds and Thomas Dassell to the riuers of Senega and Gambra neere the coast of Guinea Anno 1591. 188 28 The taking of two Spanish ships laden with quicksiluer and with the Popes Bulles bound for the west Indies by M. Thomas White in the Amitie of London An. 1592. 193 29 The taking of the mightie and rich Carak called The Madre de Dios and of the Santa Clara a Biskaine of 600 tunnes as likewise the firing of another great Carak called The Santa Cruz Anno 1592. 194 30 The firing and sinking of the stout and warlike Carak called The Cinquo Chaguas or The fiue woundes by three ships of the R. H. the Earle of Cumberland Anno 1594. 199 The Ambassages Letters Priuileges Discourses and other necessary matters of circumstance appertaining to the voyages in the second part of this second volume next ensuing 1 A Note concerning the ayde and assistance giuen to king Iohn the first of Portugale by certaine English merchants for the winning of Ceut in Barbary Anno 1415. pag. 1 2 2 The Ambassage of Iohn the second king of Portugale to Edward the 4. king of England to stay Iohn Tintam and William Fabian Englishmen preparing for a voyage to Guinea Anno 1481. pag. 2. 3 A briefe note concerning an ancient trade of English marchants to the Canarie Isles Anno 1526. 3 4 A description of the Canarie Islands with their strange fruits and
by the name of Tilney who dwelt alwayes one after another at the towne of Boston aforesayd vntill such time as the possessions of the elder brother fell vnto an heire general which was maried vnto Iohn duke of Northfolke The last knight of that name was sir Philip Tilney late of Shelleigh in the Countie of Suffolke predecessor and father vnto Thomas Tilney of Hadleigh in the Countie aforesayd Esquire vnto whom the sayd booke of late appertained In the yeere of his age 64. and in the yeere of our Lord 1556. ¶ The trauailes of one Richard surnamed Canonicus RIchardus Canonicus ad Trinitatis fanum Londini Regularis ab ipsa pueritia bonarum artium literas impensè amauit excoluit ac didicit Qui ex râ—niâ—â—o labore atque exercitatione longa talis tandem euasit orator Poeta quales ea aetas tarissimos mitriebat Ob id Richardo Anglorum time Regi charus longam cum eo peregrinationem in Palestinam ac Sytiam dum expugnaret Turcas suscepit Vnde in Angliam tum demum reuersus omnia quâ—â— pâ—â—â—sens vidit in vâ—bibus agris ac milâ—â—um castris fideli narratione tam carmine quà m prosae descripsit Neque interim omisit eiusdem Regis mores formam per omnia corporis lineamenta de signare â—â—diditque praeclaro suo operi hoc aptissimum pro titulo nomem â—â—ifceâ— Itinerarium Regis Richardi Claruit anno redemptionis nostrae 1200. sub â—oanno Anglorum Regâ— The same in English RIchard surnamed Canonicus an obseruant Frier of Trinitie Church in London was in great loue with the studies of good Artes and tooke paines in them and learned them And at last by his continuall endeuour and long exercise therein hee grewe to bee such an Oratour and Poet as fewe were in that age liuing by reason whereof hee grew in fauour with Richard then King of England and vndertooke that long voyage with him into Palestina and Syria agaynst the Turkes From whence being returned againe into England hee faithfully described both in Uerse and Prose all such things as hee had seene in the Cities fieldes and tentes of the souldiours where hee was present and omitted not to note the behauiour forme and proportion of body in the foresayd king giuing to his notable worke this most apt name for the titleâ— The Iournall of King Richard He flourished in the yeere of our Redemption 1200. vnder Iohn king of England ¶ The trauailes of Gulielmus Peregrinus GVlielmus Peregriâ—us Poeta quidem per eam aetatem excellens genere Anglus florebat literarum vt multi tunc erant amator maximus qui bona tempora melioribus impenderat studijs Hic cum acâ—episset expeditionem in Saracenos per Regem Richardum parari accinxit se ad iter illud non tantum vt miles sed etiam peregrinus Vidit ea quae in Mari Hispanico fiebant vidit quae in Syria Palestina commissa fuerunt in Sultanum Babylonie Regem ac perfidos Saracenos Omnia haec scripsit viuis depinxit coloribus ita vt quasi prae oculis totum poneret negotium idémque Argumentum cum Richardo Canonico non inâ—oeliciter Heroico pertractauit carmine opúsque iam absolutum Huberto Cantuariorum Archiepiscopo Stephano Turnhamo Capitaneo rerum bellicarum expertissimo dedicauit additâ— hoc titulo Odepoâ—icon Richardi Regis Multáque alia edidisse Poetam talem non dubito sed num extent illa eius scripta mihi non constat Hoc ramen satis constat eum fuisse in pretio Anno à salutisero virginis partu 1200. sub Anglorum Rege Ioanne The same in English VVIlliam the Pilgrime a very excellent Poet in those dayes and an Englishman borne was of great fame being much giuen to good letters as many then were and bestowed his good time in the best kinde of studies Hee vnderstanding of the preparation of king Richard against the Saracens prepared himselfe also for the same voyage not onely as a Souldiour but as a Pilgrime also He sawe those things which happened in the Spanish Seas and which were done in Syria and Palestina against the Sultan the king of Babylon and the trecherous Saracens All which things he wrote and expressed them as it were in liuely colours as if they had bene still in doing before his eyes and handled the same Argument in Heroicall verse which the forenamed Richard Canonicus did And hauing finished his worke he dedicated it to Hubert Archbishop of Canterburie and to Stephen Turneham a most expert Captaine of the warres giuing it this Title The expedition of King Richard And I doubt not but that so good a Poet as hee was published many other things but whether they be extanâ— yea or no I know not but this I know that he was a man well accounted of and flourished in the yeere after the birth of Christ 1200. vnder king Iohn The large contribution to the succour of the Holy land made by king Iohn king of England in the third yeere of his reigne 1201. Matth. Paris and Holinsh. pag. 164. AT the same time alâ—o the kings of France and England gaue large money towards the maintenance of the army which at this present went fâ—orth vnder the leading of the earle of Flanders and other to warre against the enemies of the Christian faith at the instance of pope Innocent There was furthermore granted vnto them the fortieth part of all the reuenues belonging vnto ecclesiasticall persons towards the ayd of the Christians then being in the Holy land and all such aswel of the nobility as other of the weaker sort which had taken vpon them the crosse and secretly layed it downe were compelled eft soones to receiue it now againe The trauailes of Hubert VValter bishop of Sarisburie HVbertus Walterus Sarisburiensis Episcopus vir probus ingenióque ac pictate clarus inter praecipuos vnus eorum erat qui post Richardum regem expugnandorum Saracenorum gratia in Syriam proficisce bantur Cum ex Palestina rediens audiret in Sicilia quod idem Richardus in inimicorum manus incidisset omisso itinere incoepto ad eum cursim diuertebat Quem ille statim in Angliam misit vt illic regij Senatus authoritate indicto pro eius redemptione tributo pecuniam colligeret quod industrius fecit ac regem liberauit Inde Cantuariorum Archiepiscopus factus post eius mortem Ioanni illius fratri ac successori paria fidelitatis officia praestitit Longa enim oratione toti Anglorum nationi â—ersuasit quod vir prouidus praestans fortis genere nobilissimus imperio dignissimus eiset quo salutatus a populo fuit aâ—que in regem coronatus Composuit quaedam opuscula ex immenso animi dolore demum obijsse fertur Anno salutis humanae 1205. cum sedisset annos 11. Menses octo dies sex quum vidisset ex intestinis odijs omnia in transmarinis regionibus pessùm ire regnante Ioanne The same in
that the same was done neither by him nor his consent Which princes and messengers standing aloofe off from the kings sonne worshipping him fell flat vpon the ground you sayd the prince do reuerence me but yet you loue me not But they vnderstood him not because he spake in English vnto them speaking by an Interpreter neuerthelesse he honourably entertained them and sent them away in peace Thus when prince Edward had beene eighteene moneths in Acra he tooke shipping about the Assumption of our Lady as we call it returning homeward and after seuen weekes he arriued in Sicilia at Trapes and from thence trauailed thorow the middes of Apulia till he came to Rome where he was of the Pope honorably entertained From thence he came into France whose fame and noble prowesse was there much bruted among the common people and enuied of the Nobility especially of the earle of Chalons who thought to haue intrapped him and his company as may appeare in the story but Prince Edward continued foorth his iourney to Paris and was there of the French king honourably entertained and after certaine dayes he went thence into Gascoine where he taried till that he heard of the death of the king his father at which time he came home and was crowned king of England in the yere of our Lord 1274. The trauaile of Robert Turneham RObertus Turneham Franciscanus Theologiae professor insignis Lynnae celebri Irenorum ad ripas Isidis emporio collegio suorum fratrum magnificè praefuit Edwardus Princeps cognomento Longus Henrici textij filius bellicam expeditionem contra Saracenos Assyriam incolentes anno Dom. 1268. parabat Ad quam profectionem quaesitus quoque Orator vehemens qui plebis in causa religionis animos excitaret Turnehamus principi visus vel dignissimus est qui munus hoc obiret Sic tanquam signifer constitutus Assyrios vnà cum Anglico exercitu peâ—ijt ac suum non sine laude praestitit officium Claruit anno salutiferi partus 1280 varia componens sub eodem Edwardo eius nominis primo post Conquestum The fame in English RObert Turneham Franciscan a notable professour of Diuinity was with great dignity Prior of the Colledge of his Order in the famous Mart towne of Linne situate vpon the riuer of Isis in Norfolke Prince Edward surnamed the Long the sonne of Henry the third prepared his warlike voyage against the Saracens dwelling in Syria in the yeere of our Lord 1268. For the which expedition some earnest preacher was sought to stir vp the peoples minds in the cause of religion And this Turneham seemed to the Prince most worthy to performe that office so that he being appointed as it were a standerd bearer went into Syria with the English army and performed his duety with good commendation He flourished in the yeere of Christ 1280 setting foorth diuers works vnder the same king Edward the first of that name after the Conquest Anthony Beck bishop of Durisme was elected Patriarch of Hierusalem and confirmed by Clement the fift bishop of Rome in the 34 yere of Edward the first Lelandus ANtonius Beckus episcopus Dunelmensis fult regnante Edwardo eius appellationis ab aduentu Gulielmi magni in Angliam primo Electus est in patriarcham Hierosolomitanum anno Christi 1305 a Clemente quinto Rom. pontifice confirmatus Splendidus erat supra quâm decebat episcopum Construxit castrum Achelandae quatuor passuum millibus a Dunelmo in ripa Vnduglessi fluuioli Elte shamum etiam vicinum Grencuico ac Somaridunum castellum Lindianae prouinciae ae dificijs illustria reddidit Deinde palatium Londini erexit quod nunc Edwardi principis est Tandem ex splendore nimio potentia conflauit sibi apud nobilitatem ingentem inuidiam quam viuens nunquam extinguere potuit Sed de Antonio eius scriptis fusiùs in opere cuius titulus de pontificibus Britannicis dicemus Obijt Antonius anno a nato in salutem nostram Christo 1310 Edwardo secundo regnante The same in English ANthony Beck was bishop of Durisine in the time of the reigne of Edward the first of that name after the inuasion of William the great into England This Anthony was elected patriarch of Ierusalem in the yeere of our Lord God 1305 and was confirmed by Clement the fift pope of Rome He was of greater magnificence then for the calling of a bishop He founded also the castle of Acheland foure miles from Durisme on the shore of a prety riuer called Vnduglesme He much beautified with new buildings Eltham mannor being nere vnto Greenwich and the castle Somaridune in the county of Lindsey And lastly he built new out of the ground the palace of London which now is in the possession of prince Edward Insomuch that at length through his ouer great magnificence and power he procured to himselfe great enuy among the nobility which he could not asswage during the rest of his life But of this Anthony of his writings we will speake more at large in our booke intitled of the Britain bishops This Anthony finished his life in the yere of our Lord God 1310 and in the reigne of king Edward the second Incipit Itinerarium fratris Odorici fratrum minorum de mirabilibus Orientalium Tartarorum LIcet multa varia de ritibus conditionibus huius mundi enarrentur a multis ego tamen frater Odoricus de foro Iulij de portu Vahonis volens ad partes infidelium transfretare magna mira vidi audiui quae possum veracitèr enarrare Primò transiens Mare Maius me de Pera iuxta CoÌ„stantinopolim transtuli Trapesundam quae antiquitus Pontus vocabatur Haec terra benè situata est sicut scala quaedam Perfarum Medorum eorum qui sunt vltra mare In hac terra vidi mirabile quod mihi placuit scilicèt hominem ducentem secum plusquam 4000 perdicum Homo autem per terram gradiebatur perdices vero volabant per aëra quas ipse ad quoddam castrum dictum Zauena duxit distans à Trapesunda per tres dieras Hae perdices illius conditionis erant cùm homo ille quiescere voluit omnes se aptabant circa ipsum more pullorum gallinarum per illum modum duxit eas vfque ad Trapesundam vsque ad palatium imperatoris qui de illis sumpsit quot voluit residuas vir ille ad locum vnde venerat adduxit In hac ciuitate requiescit corpus Athanasij supra portam ciuitatis Vltra transiui vsque in Armeniam maiorem ad quandam ciuitatem quae vocatur Azaron quae erat multùm opulenta antiquitùs sed Tartari eam pro magna parte destruxerunt In ea erat abundantia pani carnium aliorum omniuÌ„ victualium preterquam vini fructuum Haec ciuitas est multuÌ„ frigida de illa dicitur quòd altius situatur quà m aliqua alia in hoc
103. li. of 16. ounces to the li. There is another waight called Pois Gerrin which is 150. li. of Marseils waight by which are sold all things to eate but spice is sold by the former waight From Alexandria to Cairo is three daies iourney but you must take a Ianissarie with you to go vp thither by water it is 8. dayes iourney Roials of Spaine are currant mony there and are the best money you can cary And 4. roials are woorth 13. Medins and 2. Medins are 3. Aspers Pistolets and crownes of France and Dollâ—rs will goe but of all Roials are best Rice is not permitted to goe out of the land but is kept for a victuall But with a present to the Bye and Ermine some may passe All sortes of spices be garbled after the bargaine is made and they be Moores which you deale withall which be good people and not ill disposed And after you be searched haue leaue to passe you must presently depart out of the port and if you doe not they will search you againe And you must depart in the day for in the night the castles will not suffer you to depart The duetie to the Consul is 2. in the hundred for his aide and meate and drinke and all And the port of Alexandria is good when one is within it with good ankers and cables Siluer is better currant then gold in Alexandria but both are good Commonly the Carauans come thither in October from Mecca to Cairo and from thence to Alexandria where the merchants be that buy the spices and therfore the spices are brought most to Alexandria where each Christian nation remaineth at the Consuls houses Yet oftentimes the christians go vp to Cairo to buy drugs other commodities there as they see cause And the commodities there vendible are all sorts of kersies but the most part blewes and of clothes all colours except mingled colours and blacks Pepper is vsually sold for 24. ducats the quintal Ginger for 14. ducats You must take canuas to make bags to put your commoditie in from Alexandria for there is none There is also fine flaxe and good store of Buffe hides A letter of the English ambassador to M. Edward Barton MAster Barton I send you 3. commandements in Turkish with a copy thereof in English to the ende our ships might not come in danger of breach of league if they should shoote at the gallies of those of Algier Tunis and Tripolis in the West which after you haue shewed the Bassas receiue againe into your hands and see them registred and then deliuer one of them to our friend M. Tipton the like you are to do with the priuilege which you cary with you and see them iointly registred in the Cadies booke deliuering the copy of the said priuilege sealed by the Cadi also to the sayd our friend M. Tipton taking a note of his hand for the receipt thereof and for deliuerie at all times to vs or our assignes And require them in her maiesties and the grand Signors name that they will haue our ships passing too and fro vnder licence and safeconduct for recommended in friendly maner Touching your proceedings in Tripolis with Romadan as I haue not receiued any aduise thereof since your departure so must I leaue you to God and my former directioÌ„ The ship patronised of Hassan Rayes which you wrote to be ours prooued to be a Catalonian As for ours by report of that Hassan and other Iewes in his ship it was affirmed to be sold to the Malâ—eses which with the rest you are to receiue there And hauing ended these affaires and registred our priuilege and these three commandements in Tripolis Tunis and Alger I pray you make speedy returne and for that which may be recouered make ouer the same either to Richard Rowed for Patrasso in Morea or otherwise hither to Iohn Bate in the surest maner you may if the registring of that your priuilege and these commandements will not suffer you in person to returne with the same From my Mansion Rapamat in Pera this 24. of Iune 1584. The commaundement obtained of the Grand Signior by her Maiesties ambassador M. Will. Hareborne for the quiet passing of her subiects to and froÌ„ his dominions sent in An. 1584. to the Viceroyes of Algier Tunis Tripolis in Barbary To our Beglerbeg of Algier WE certifie thee by this our commandement that the right honorable Will. Hareborne ambassador to the Queenes maiestie of England hath signified vnto vs that the ships of that countrey in their comming and returning to and from our Empire on the one part of the Seas haue the Spaniards Florentines Sicilians and Malteses on the other part our countreis committed to your charge which aboue said Christians will not quietly suffer their egresse and regresse into and out of our dominions but doe take and make the men captiues and forfeit the shippes and goods as the last yeere the Malteses did one which they tooke at Gerbi and to that end do continually lie in wait for them to their destruction whereupon they are constrained to stand to their defence at any such time as they might meet with them Wherefore considering by this means they must stand vpon their guard when they shall see any gallie afarre off whereby if meeting with any of your gallies and not knowing them in their defence they do shoot at them and yet after when they doe certainly know them do not shoote any more but require to passe peaceably on their voiage which you would deny saying the peace is brokeÌ„ because you haue shot at vs and so make prize of them contrary to our priuileges and against reason for the preuenting of which inconuenience the said ambassador hath required this our commaundement We therefore command thee that vpon sight hereof thou doe not permit any such matter in any sort whatsoeuer but suffer the sayd Englishmen to passe in peace according to the tenour of our commandement giuen without any disturbance or let by any means vpon the way although that meeting with thy gallies and not knowing them afarre off they taking them for enemies should shoot at them yet shall you not suffer them to hurt them therfore but quietly to passe Wherefore looke thou that they may haue right according to our priuilege giuen them finding any that absenteth himself wil not obey this our commandement presently certify vs to our porch that we may giue order for his punishment and with reuerence giue faithfull credite to this our commandement which hauing read thou shalt againe returne it vnto them that present it From our palace in Constantinople tâ—e 1. of Iune 1584. A letter of the honorable M. Wil. Hareborne her maiesties ambass with the grand signior to M. Tipton appointing him Consul of the English in Algier Tunis Tripolis of Barbarie MAster Tipton I haue receiued among others yours of the 10. of Nouember 1584. by Soliman Sorda certifying the
Angliensibus nauibus eorum in nauibus existentibus mercibus rebus contra foedus priuilegium iniuria vis aut damnum non inferatur sed vt conuenit defendas vt naues mercatores homines nostri velut proprij subditi liberi ab omni vi iniuria permaneant negotijs suis incumbant Et quod illius loci Ianisseri illos impedirent significatum est vt illi illis nocumento sint nullo modo concedimus Iuxta tenorem mandati huius illos commonefacias vt nihil quicquam contra foedus faciant ita vt nunquam huiusmodi querela huc veniat quia quicquid acciderit a te expostulabimus Negligentiam postponito insigni Cesareo fidem adhibeto A commaundement for Egypt SCito quod orator Reginae Angliae in porta mea existens libellum supplicem ad portam nostram mittens significauit quod cum ex AEgypto Consul eorum abesset Consulillic Gallicus existens Vento nuncupatus quamuis ante haec tempora ne manus in Anglos mitteret mandatum nostrum fuerit datum Angli sub vexillo tutela nostra sunt inquiens mandatum Caesareum vili existimans non cessauit perturbare Anglos Quare scito quod Reginae Angliae priuilegium nostrum est datum Iuxta illud priuilegium Anglis nulla ratione Consul Gallicus Consulatum agat neue manus immittat mandatum nostrum postulauit eius legatus Quare mando vt contra priuilegium nostrum Consul Gallicus Anglis iniuriam non inferat neue Consulatum agat Iudici AEgypti literae nostrae sunt datae hanc ob causam mando tibi quoque vt iuxta illud mandatum nostrum contra priuilegium nostrum Anglis Gallum Consulatum agere nunquam patiare Sic scito insigni meo fidem adhibeto A commaundement of the Grand Signior to the Cadie or Iudge of Alexandria THe Embassadour for the Queenes most excellent Maiestie of England certified vs howe that at the death of one of their marchants in Alexandria called Edward Chamberlaine the French Consul Vento sealing vp his fondego and chamber tooke vnder his seale al his goods and marchandise into his power and required our commandement that all the goods might be restored againe according to iustice vnto the Englishmen wherefore we commaund you that hauing receiued this our commandement you assemble those of the one part and of the other together and if it be not passed fiue yeeres if you haue not looked to it heretofore now carefully looke to it if it be according to their Arz or certificate presented vnto vs that the foresaid French Consull Vento hath wrongfuâ—ly token into his power the goods of the deceased English marchant vnder hâ—s seale that then you cause him to restore all the said goods and marchandise sealed by him and make good that which is thereof wanting vnto the English marchants doe in this matter according to iustice and credite this our seale A commandement to the Bassa of Alexandria THe Embassadour for the Queenes most excellent Maiesty of England by supplication certified vs how that notwithstanding our priuilege granted them to make Consuls in al parts of our dominions to gouerne their nation according to their owne custome law to defend them against all wrongs and iniuries whatsoeuer yet that the French Consull affirming to thee that art Bassa that they were vnder his banner and that he should gouerne them and ouersee their businesse and hauing got a new priuilege mentioning therein the English men to be vnder his banner did by all meanes molest trouble them insomuch that their Consull oppressed with many iniuries fled away and that thou which art Beglerbie didst maintaine the French Consul herein whereupon the Embassadour required our commandement that they might haue iustice for these iniuries wherefore we command thee that hauing receiued this our commandement you examine diligently that his priuilege and send the copie thereof hither and if it be found that the French Consull Vento hath by subtiltie got the aforesaid priuilege written that you then see him punished and suffer not hereafter the French or Uenetian Consuls to intermeddle with their businesse Obey this our commaundement and giue credite to the seale A commaundement to the Byes and Cadies of Metelin and Rhodes and to all the Cadies and Byes in the way to Constantinople TO the Saniakbies of Rhodes and Metelin to the Saniacbies bordering on the sea-coast and to the Cadies in Rhodes and Metelin and to the Ermins in the other ports and coastes This commaundement comming to you know that the Embassadour of England required of vs our commaundement that their ships comming to Chio from thence to Constantinople no man should hurt them or offer any violence either in the way on the sea or on the land or in the portes I haue commaunded that their ships comming to any of the said places or ports with marchandise if they themselues will they may sell their commodities as much and as litle as they will and if it be in a place where custome was not woont to be taken hauing taken the custome due by the olde Canon you suffer them not to bee iniuried either in the way portes or other places but that they may come in quietnesse to Constantinople and certifie vs of those that be disobedient to our commaundement and giue credite to our seale And hauing read this our commandement giue it to them againe A commaundement for Aleppo WHen my letters shal come vnto you know that the Queene of England her Embassador by supplication certified how that before this time we had giuen our coÌ„mandement that the summe of 70 ducats other marchandize belonging to one William Barret in Aleppo now bead saying he was a Uenetian should be giuen to the Uenetians And if they did find that he was not a Uenetian my will was that they should send all his goods and marchandize to our port into my treasurie But because that man was an Englishman the Embassadour required that the sayde goods might not be diminished but that they might be restored to one of their Englishmen This businesse was signified vnto vs in the nine hundred ninety fourth yere of Mahomet and in the moneth of May the 10 day This businesse pertaineth to the Englishmen who haue in their handes our priuilege according to which priuilege being in their hands let this matter be done Against this priuilege do nothing aske nothing of them but restore to euery one his goods And I command that when my coÌ„mandement shall come vnto you you doe according to it And if it be according as the Ambassadour certified and that they haue the priuilege peruse the same looke that nothing be committed against it and our league and let none trouble them contrarie to it restore them their goods according to iustice and take heede diligently in this businesse if another strange marchant be dead and his goods and marchandize be taken if he
fortè nescientibus malè habiti fuerint immaniter diuexati Cesaream vestram Maiestatem beneuolè rogamus vt per Legatum nostrum eorum causam cognoscas postremò earum prouinciarum proregibus ac praefectis imperes vt nostri liberè in illis locis sine vi autiniuria deinceps versari negotia gerere possint Et nos omni opera vicissim studebimus ea omnia praestare quae Imperatoriae vestrae Maiestati vllo pacto grata fore intelligemus quam Deus vnicus mundi conditor optimus maximus diutissime incolumem florentem seruet Daâ—ae in palatio nostro Londini quinto dâ—e Mensis Septembris anno IESV CHRISTI Seruatoris nostri 1584. Regni verò nostri vicessimo sexto The same in English ELizabeth by the grace of the most high God and onely maker of heauen and earth of England France and Ireland Queene and of the Christian faith against all the Idolaters and false professors of the Name of CHRIST dwelling among the Christians most inuincible and puissant defender to the most valiant and inuincible Prince Zultan Murad Can the most mightie ruler of the kingdome of Musulman and of the East Empire the onely and highest Monarch aboue all health and many happy and fortunate yeres with great aboundance of the best things Most noble and puissant Emperour about two yeeres nowe passed wee wrote vnto your Imperiall Maiestie that our welbeloued seruant William Harâ—borne a man of great reputation and honour might be receiued vnder your high authoritie for our Ambassadour in Constantinople and other places vnder the obedience of your Empire of Musulman And also that the Englishmen being our Subiects might exercise entercourse and marchandize in all those Prouinces no lesse freely then the French Polonians Venetians Germanes and other your confederats which traueile through diuers of the East parts endeuouring that by mutuall trafique the East may be ioyned and knit to the West Which priuileges when as your most puissant Maiestie by your letters and vnder your dispensation most liberally and fauourably granted to our Subiects of England wee could no lesse doe but in that respect giue you as great thankes as our heart could conceiue trusting that it wil come to passe that this order of trafique so well ordeined will bring with it selfe most great profits and commodities to both sides as well to the parties subiect to your Empire as to the Prouinces of our kingdome Which thing that it may be done in plaine and effectuall maner whereas some of our Subiects of late at Tripolis in Barbarie and at Argier were by the inhabitants of those places being perhaps ignorant of your pleasure euill intreated and grieuously vexed wee doe friendly and louingly desire your Imperiall Maiestie that you will vnderstand their causes by our Ambassadour and afterward giue commaundement to the Lieutenants and Presidents of those Prouinces that our people may henceforth freely without any violence or iniurie traueile and do their businesse in those places And we againe with all endeuour shall studie to performe all those things which we shall in any wise vnderstand to be acceptable to your Imperiall Maiestie which God the onely maker of the world most best and most great long keepe in health and flourishing Giuen in our pallace at London the fift day of the moneth of September in the yeere of IESVS CHRIST our Sauiour 1584. And of our raigne the 26. The Turkes letter to the King of Tripolis in Barbarie commanding the restitution of an English ship called the Iesus with the men and goods sent from Constantinople by Mahomet Beg a Iustice of the Great Turkes and an English Gentlemen called Master Edward Barton Anno 1584. HOnourable and worthy Bassa Romadan Beglerbeg most wise and prudent Iudge of the West Tripolis wee wish the ende of all thy enterprises happie and prosperous By these our highnesse letters wee certifie thee that the right honourable William Hareborne Ambassadour in our most famous Porch for the most excellent Queenes Maiestie of England in person and by letters hath certified our highnesse that a certaine shippe with all her furniture and artillerie worth two thousand and duckets arriuing in the port of Tripolis and discharged of her lading and marchandize paide our custome according to order and againe the marchants laded their shippe with oyle which by constraint they were inforced to buy of you hauing answered in like maner the custome for the same determined to depart a Frenchman assistant to the Marchant vnknowen to the Englishmen caried away with him another Frenchman indebted to a certaine Moore in foure hundred duckets and by force caused the Englishmen and shippe to depart who neither suspecting fraude nor deceite hoised sailes In the meane time this man whose debter the Frenchman had stollen away went to the Bassa with the supplication by whose meanes and force of the Castle the Englishmen were constrained to returne into the port where the Frenchman author of the euill with the Master of the ship an Englishman innocent of the crime were hanged and sixe and twentie Englishmen cast into prison of whom through famine thrist and stinke of the prison eleuen died and the rest like to die Further it was signified to our Maiestie also that the marchandise and other goods with the shippe were worth 7600. duckets which things if they be so this is our commandement which was granted and giuen by our Maiestie that the English shippe and all the marchandize and whatsoeuer else taken away bee wholy restored and that the Englishmen be let goe free and suffered to returne into their Countrey Wherefore when this our commaundement shall come vnto thâ—e wee straightly commaund that the foresaid businesse be diligently looked vnto and discharged And if it be so that a Frenchman and no Englishman hath done this craft and wickednesse vnknowen to the Englishmen and as authour of the wickednesse is punished and that the Englishmen committed nothing against the peace and league or their articles also if they payd custome according to order it is against law custome of Countreys and their priuilege to hinder or hurt them Neither is it meete their shippe marchandise and all their goods taken should be withholden Wee will therefore that the English shippe marchandize and all other their goods without excepâ—â—on be restored to the Englishmen also that the men bee let goe free and if they will let none hinder them to returne peaceably into their Countrey do not commit that they another time complaine of this matter and how this businesse is dispatched certifie vs at our famous porche Dated in the Citie of Constantinople in the 992. yeere of Mahomet and in the ende of the moneth of October and in the yeere of IESVS 1584. A letter of Master VVilliam Hareborne the English Amâ—assadour Ligier in Constantinople to the Bassa Romadan the Beglerbeg of Tripolis in Barbarie for the restoring of an English shippe called the Iesus with the goods and men detained
Reichenbach The 19. we passed by Baudzen and Cannitz and that night to Rensperg The 20. we passed by Hayn by Strelen where we should haue passed the riuer of Elbe but the boate was not there so that night we lay at a towne called Mulberg The 21. we passed the said riuer wee went by Belgern by Torga by Dumitch and at night to Bretsch The 22. wee passed the Elbe againe at Wittenberg which is a very strong towne with a good Uniuersitie and that day we passed by Coswig The 23. wee passed through Zerbst in the morning and that night to Magdeburg a very strong Towne and well gouerned as wee did heare The most part of the Countrey after wee were come one dayes iourney on this side Breslawe to this place belongeth to the Duke of Saxon. The 24. wee passed by a castle of the Marques of Brandenburg called Wolmerstat and that night we lay at Garleben The 25. wee lay at Soltwedel The 26. at Berg. The 27. we baited at Lunenborg that night we lay at Winson The 28. we came to Hamborg and there stayed one weeke The 5. of December wee departed from Hamborg and passed the Elbe by boate being much frosen and from the riuer went on foote to Boxtehoede being a long Dutch mile off and there we lay and from thence passed ouer land to Emden Thence hauing passed through Friseland and Holland the 25. being Christmas day in the morning we came to Delft where wee found the right honourable the Earle of Leicester with a goodly company of Lords knights gentlemen and souldiers The 28. at night to Roterodam The 29. to the Briel and there stayed eight dayes for passage The fifth of Ianuary we tooke shipping The 7. we landed at Grauesend and so that night at London with the helpe of almightie God The Turkes passeport or safeconduct for Captaine Austell and Iacomo Manuchio KNow thou which art Voyuoda of Bogdania Valachia other our officers abiding and dwelling on the way by which men commonly passe into Bogdania and Valachia that the Embassador of England hauing two English gentlemen desirous to depart for England the one named Henry Austel and the other Iacomo de Manuchio requested our highnesse letters of Safeconduct to passe through our dominions with one seruant to attende on them Wherefore wee straightly charge you and all other our seruants by whom they shall passe that hauing receiued this our commandement you haue diligent care and regard that they may haue prouided for them in this their iourney for their money all such necessary prouision as shal be necessary for themselues and their horses in such sort as they may haue no cause hereafter to complaine of you And if by chaunce they come vnto any place where they shal stand in feare either of their persons or goods that then you carefully cause them to bee guarded with your men and to be conducted through all suspected places with sufficient company But haue great regard that they conuey not out of our countrey any of our seruiceable horses Obey our commandement and giue credite to this our Seale A Passeport of the Earle of Leicester for Thomas Forster gentleman trauailing to Constantinople RObertus Comes Leicestriae baro de Denbigh ordinum Garterij Sancti Michaelis eques auratus Serenissimae Regine Angliae a Secretioribus consilijs magister equorum dux capitaneus generalis exercitus eiusdem Regiae maiestatis in Belgio gubernator generalis Hollandiae Zelandiae prouinciarum vnitarum associatarum omnibus and quos praesentes literae petuenerint salutem Cùm lator praesentium Thomas Forster nobilis Anglus necessarijs de causis hinc Constantinopolim profecturus si◠inde ad nos quanta potest celeritate reuersurus petimus ab omnibus singulis Regibus principibus nobilibus magistratibus alijs mandent permittant dicto Thomae cum duobus famulis liberum transirum per corum ditiones territoria sine detentione aut impedimento iniusto prouideri sibi de necessarijs iustum precium reddenti ac aliter conuenienter humaniter tractari vt occasiones eius eundi redeundi requirent Sicut nos Maiestates Serenitates Celsitudines dominationes vestrae paratos inuenietis vt vestratibus in similibus casibus gratum similiter faciamus Datum in castris nostris Duisburgi decimo die Septembris anno 1586. stylo veteri A description of the yeerely voyage or pilgrimage of the Mahumitans Turkes and Moores vnto Mecca in Arabia Of the Citie of Alexandria ALexandria the most ancient citie in Africa situated by the seaside containeth seuen miles in circuite and is enuironed with two walles one neere to the other with high towers but the walles within be farre higher then those without with a great ditch round about the same yet is not this Citie very strong by reason of the great antiquitie being almost halfe destroyed and ruinated The greatnesse of this Citie is such that if it were of double habitation as it is compassed with a double wall it might be truely said that there were two Alexandrias one builded vpon another because vnder the foundations of the saide City are great habitations and incredible huge pillers True it i◠that this part vnderneath remaineth at this day inhabitable because of the corrupt aire as also for that by tune which consumeth all things it is greatly ruinated It might well be sayd that the founder hereof as he was worthy in all his enterprises so likewise in building hereof he did a worke worthy of himselfe naming it after his owne name This Citie hath one defect for it is subiect to an euill ayre which onely proceedeth of that hollownesse vnderneath out of the which issueth infinite moisture and that this is true the ayre without doth euidently testifie which is more subtile and holesome then that beneath The waters hereof be salt by reason that the soile of it selfe is likewise so And therefore the inhabitants at such time as the riuer Nilus floweth are accustomed to open a great ditch the head wherof extendeth into the said riuer and from thence they conueigh the same within halfe a mile of Alexandria and so consequently by meanes of conduct-pipes the water commeth vnto the cesternes of Alexandria which being full serue the citie from one inundation to another Within the citie is a Pyramide mentioned of in Histories but not of great importance Without the citie is La colonna di Pompeio or the pillar of Pompey being of such height and thicknesse that it is supposed there is not the like in the whole world besides Within the citie there is nothing of importance saue a litle castle which is guarded with 60 Ianizaries Alexandria hath three portes one towardes Rossetto another to the land ward the third to the sea ward which is called Babelbar without which appeareth a broad Iland called Ghesira in the Moores tongue which is not wholy an Iland
they were come within 3. English miles of the towne and made after them in all possible haste and although they saw that they were farre out of their reach yet in a vaine fury and foolish pride they shot off their Ordinance and made a stirre in the Sea as if they had bene in the midst of them which vanitie of theirs ministred to our men notable matter of pleasure and mirth seeing men to fight with shadowes and to take so great paines to so small purpose But thus it pleased God to deride and delude all the forces of the proud Spanish king which he had prouided of purpose to distresse the English who notwithstanding passed through both his Armies in the one little hurt and in the other nothing touched to the glory of his immortall Name the honour of our Prince and Countrey and the iust commendation of ech mans seruice performed in that voyage The returne of Master VVilliam Harborne from Constantinople ouer land to London 1588. I Departed from Constantinople with 30. persons of my suit and family the 3. of August Passing through the Countries of Thracia now called Romania the great Valachia Moldauia where ariuing the 5. of September I was according to the Grand Signior his commandement very courteously interteined by Peter his positiue prince a Greeke by profession with whom was concluded that her Maiesties subiects there trafiquing should pay but three vpon the hundreth which as well his owne Subiects as all other nations answere whose letters to her Maiestie be extant Whence I proceeded into Poland where the high Chanceler sent for mee the 27. of the same moneth And after most honorable intertainment imparted with me in secret maner the late passed and present occurrents of that kingdome also he writ to her Maiestie Thence I hasted vnto Elbing where the 12. of October I was most friendly welcomed by the Senate of that City whom I finde and iudge to be faithfully deuoted to her Maiesties seruice whose letters likewise vnto the same were presented me No lesse at Dantzik the 27. of that moneth I was courteously receiued by one of the Buroughmasters accompanied with two others of the Senate a Ciuil doctor their Secretarie After going through the land of Pomer I rested one day at Stetin where for that y â— duke was absent nothing ensued At Rostoke I passed through the Citie without any stay and at Wismar receiued like friendly greeting as in the other places but at Lubeck for that I came late and departed early in the morning I was not visited At Hamburg the 19. of Nouember and at Stoad the ninth of December in like maner I was saluted by a Boroughmaster and the Secretarie and in all these places they presented mee sundry sorts of their best wine and fresh fish euery of them with a long discourse congratulating in the names of their whole Senate her Maiesties victory ouer the Spaniard and my safe returne concluding with offer of their ready seruice to her future disposing Yet the Dantziks after my departure thence caused the Marchants to pay custome for the goods they brought with them in my company which none other towne neither Infidels nor Christians on y â— way euer demanded And notwithstanding the premisses I was most certainly informed of sundry of our nation there resident that most of the Hanse-towns vpon the sea coasts especially Dantzik Lubeck and Hamborough haue laden and were shipping for Spaine great prouision of corne cables ropes powder saltpeter hargubusses armour iron leade copper and all other munition seruing for the warre Whereupon I gather their fained courtesie proceeded rather for feare then of any good affection vnto her Maiesties seruice Elbing and Stoad onely excepted which of duetie for their commoditie I esteemed well affected The priuilege of Peter the Prince of Moldauia graunted to the English Marchants PEtrus Dei gratia princeps Valachiae Moldauiae significamus praesentibus vniuersis singulis quorum interest ac intererit quòd cum magnifico domino Guilielmo Hareborne oratore Serenissimae ac potentissimae dominae dominae Elizabethae Dei gratia Angliae Franciae ac Hiberniae Reginae apud Serenissimum ac potentissimum Turcarum Imperatorem hanc constitutionem fecerimus Nimirùm vt dehinc sue Serenitatis subditis omnibusqúe mercatoribus integrum sit hìc in prouincia nostra commorandi conuersandi mercandi vendendi contrahendÃque imo omnia exercendi quae mercaturae ac vitae humanae societas vÃusqúe requirit sine vlla alicuius contradictione aut inhibitione saluo ac integro tamen iure Telonij nostri hocest vt a singulis rebus centum ducatorum pretij tres numerent Quod ratum ac fitmum constitutione nostra haberi volumus In cuius rei firmius testimonium sigillum nostrum appressum est Actum in castris nostris die 27. mensis Augusti anno Domini 1588. The same in English PEter by the grace of God prince of Valachia and Moldauia we signifie by these presents to all and singuler persons whom it doth or shall concerne that we haue made this agreement with the worthy gentleman William Hareborne Ambassador of the right high and mighty prince the Lady Elizabeth by the grace of God Queene of England France and Ireland with the most puissant and mightie Emperour of the Turkes To witte that fromhencefoorth it shal be lawfull for her highnesse subiects and all her Marchants to remaine conuerse buy sel bargaine and exercise all such things as the trade of marchandise and humane societie and vse requireth without any hinderance or let the right of our Custome alwayes reserued That is that they pay three ducats vpon all such things as amount to the price of one hundred ducats Which by this our ordinance we command to be surely and firmely obserued For the more assured testimony whereof our seale is hereunto annexed Giuen in our Campe the 27. of the moneth of August in the yeere of our Lord 1588. A briefe extract specifying the certaine dayly paiments answered quarterly in time of peace by the Grand Signior out of his Treasurie to the Officers of his Seraglio or Court successiuely in degrees collected in a yeerely totall summe as followeth FOr his owne diet euery day one thousand and one aspers according to a former custome receiued from his auncestors notwithstanding that otherwise his diurnall expence is very much and not certainly knowen which summe maketh sterling money by the yere two thousand one hundred 92. pounds three shillings eight pence The fiue and fourtie thousand Ianizaries dispersed in sundry places of his dominions at sixe aspers the day amounteth by the yeere to fiue hundreth fourescore and eleuen thousand and three hundreth pounds The Azamoglans tribute children farre surmount that number for that they are collected from among the Christians from whom betweene the yeeres of sixe and twelue they are pulled away yeerely perforce whereof I suppose those in seruice may be equall in number
dayes of the weeke the grand Vizir with the other Vizirs the Cadi-lesker or lord chiefe Iustice the Mufti or high priest do sit to determine vpon such causes as be brought before them which place is vpon the left side of this great court whither the ambassador with his gentlemen came where hee found the Vizir thus accompanied as aforesayd who with great shew of kindnes receiued him and after receit of her maiesties letters conference had of the Present of her maiesties health of the state of England and such other matters as concerned our peaceable traffique in those parts dinner being prepared was by many of y e Courtiers brought into another inner roome next adioining which consisted of an hundred dishes or therabouts most boiled rosted where the ambassador accompanied w t the Vizirs went to dinner his gentlemen likewise with the rest of his men hauing a dinner with the like varietie prepared vpon y e same side of the court by theÌ„selues sate downe to their meat 40 or 50 Chauses standing at the vpper end attending vpon the gentlemeÌ„ to see them serued in good order their drinke was water mingled with rose water sugar brought in a Luthro that is a goates skinne which a man carieth at his backe and vnder his arme letteth it run out at a spout into cups as men wil call for it The dinner thus with good order brought in and for halfe an houre with great sobrietie and silence performed was not so orderly taken vp for certaine Moglans officers of the kitchin like her maiesties blacke guard came in disordered maner and tooke away the dishes and he whose hungry eie one dish could not satisfie turned two or three one into the other and thus of a sudden was a cleane riddance made of all The ambassador after dinner with his gentlemen by certaine officers were placed at the vpper ende vpon the left side of the court nere vnto a great gate which gaue entrance to a third court being but litle paâ—ed with stone In the midst whereof was a litle house built of marble as I take it within which sate the grand Signor according to whose commandement giuen there were gownes of cloth of gold brought out of the wardrope and put vpon the ambassador and 7 of his gentlemen the ambassador himselfe hauing 2 one of gold and the other of crimosin veluet all the rest one a piece Then certaine Cappagies had the Present which was in trunks there ready deliuered them by the ambassadors men it being 12 goodly pieces of gilt plate 36 garments of fine English cloth of al colors 20 garments of cloth of gold 10 garments of sattin 6 pieces of fine Holland and certaine other things of good value al which were caried round about the court each man taking a piece being in number very neere 100 parcels and so 2 and 2 going round that all might see it to the greater glory of the present and of him to whom it was giuen they went into the innermost court passing by the window of that roome where the grand Signior sate who as it went by to be laid vp in certaine roomes adioining tooke view of all Presently after the present followed the ambassador with his gentlemen at the gate of which court stoode 20 or 30 Agaus which be eunuchs Within the court yard were the Turkes Dwarfes and Dumbe men being most of them youths At the doore of his roome stood the Bustangi-bassa with another Bassa to lead the ambassador and his folowers to the grand Signior who sate in a chaire of estate apparelled in a gowne of cloth of siluer The floore vnder his feete which part was a foote higher then the rest was couered with a carpet of green sattin embrodered most richly with siluer orient perles great Turkeses y e other part of the house was couered with a carpet of Carnation sattin imbrodered w t gold none were in the roome with him but a Bassa who stood next the wall ouer against him hanging down his head looking submissely vpon the ground â—s all his subiects doe in his presence The ambassador thus betwixt two which stood at the doore being led in either of them taking on arme kissed his hand and so backward with his face to the Turke they brought him nigh the dore againe where he stood vntill they had likewise done so with all the rest of his gentlemen Which ended the ambassador according as it is the custome when any present is deliuered made his three demaunds such as he thought most expedient for her maiesties honor the peaceable traffique of our natioÌ„ into his dominions whereunto he answered in one word Nolo which is in Turkish as much as it shal be done for it is not the maner of the Turkish emperor familiarly to confer with any Christian ambassador but he appointeth his Uizir in his person to graunt their demaunds if they be to his liking as to our ambassador he granted all his demands gaue order that his daily allowance for his house of mony flesh wood haâ—e should be augmented with halfe as much more as it had bene before Hereupon the ambassador taking his leaue departed with his gentlemen the same way he came the whole court saluting him as they did at his comming in comming to the second court to take our horses after we were mounted we staied halfe an houre vntil the captain of the guard with 2000 horsmen at the least passed before after whom folowed 40 or 50 Chauses next before the ambassador to accompany him to his house And as before at his landing so now at his taking boat the ship discharged all her great ordinance where arriuing he likewise had a great banquet prepared to entertaine those which came to bring him home The pompe solemnitie of the Present with the day thus ended he shortly after presented the Sultana or empresse who by reason that she is mother to him which was heire to the crown Imperial is had in far greater reuerence then any of his other Queens or concubines The Present sent her in her maiesties name was a iewel of her maiesties picture set with some rubies and diamants 3 great pieces of gilt plate 10 garments of cloth of gold a very fine case of glasse bottles siluer gilt with 2 pieces of fine Holland which so gratefully she accepted as that she sent to know of the ambassador what present he thought she might return y t would most delight her maiestie who sent word that a sute of princely attire being after the Turkish fashion would for the rarenesse thereof he acceptable in England Whereupon she sent an vpper gowne of cloth of gold very rich an vnder gowne of cloth of siluer and a girdle of Turkie worke rich and faire with a letter of gratification which for the rarenesse of the stile because you may be acquainted with it I haue
out of the Indies in such great misery and infamy to the world should be prouided at Gods hand in one moment of more then in all my life before I could attaine vnto by my owne labour After we departed from Mexico our S. Benitoes were set vp in the high Church of the said Citie with our names written in the same according to their vse and custome which is and will be a momonent and a remembrance of vs as long as the Romish Church doth raigne in that country The same haue bene seene since by one Iohn Chilton and diuers others of our nation which were left in that countrey long since by Sir Iohn Hawkins And because it shal be knowen wherefore it was that I was so punished by the Clergies hande as before is mentioned I will in briefe words declare the same It is so that being in Mexico at the table among many principall people at dinner they began to inquire of me being an Englishman whether it were true that in England they had ouerthrowen all their Churches and houses of Religion and that all the images of the Saints of heauen that were in them were throwen downe broken and burned and in some places high wayes stoned with them and whether the English nation denied their obedience to the Pope of Rome as they had bene certified out of Spaine by their friends To whom I made answere that it was so that in deed they had in England put downe all the Religious houses of friers and monks that were in England and the images that were in their Churches and other places were taken away and vsed there no more for that as they say the making of them and putting of them where they were adored was cleane contrary to the expresse coÌ„mandement of Almighty God Thou shalt not make to thy selfe any grauen image c. and that for that cause they thought it not lawfull that they should stand in the Church which is the house of adoration One that was at the declaring of these words who was my master Gonsalo Cereso answered and said if it were against the commandement of God to haue images in the Churches that then he had spent a great deale of money in vaine for that two yeres past he had made in the monastery of Santo Domingo in the said citie of Mexico an image of our Lady of pure siluer golde with pearles and precious stones which cost him 7000. and odde pesos and euery peso is 4. s. 8. d. of our money which indeed was true for that I haue seene it many times my selfe where it stands At the table was another gentleman who presuming to defend the cause more then any other that was there saide that they knew well ynough that they were made but of stockes and stones and that to them was no worship giuen but that there was a certaine veneration due vnto them after they were set vp in the Church and that they were set there to a good intent the one for that they were books for the simple people to make them vnderstand the glory of the saints that were in heauen a shape of them to put vs in remembrance to cal vpon them to be our intercessors vnto God for vs for that we are such miserable sinners that we are not worthy to appeare before God that vsing deuotion to saints in heauen they may obtaine at Gods hands the sooner the thing that we demand of him As for example said he imagin that a subiect hath offended his king vpon the earth in any kind of respect is it for the party to go boldly to the king in person to demand pardon for his offences No saith he the presumptioÌ„ were too great possibly he might be repulsed and haue a great rebuke for his labour Better it is for such a person to seek some priuate man neere the king in his Court and make him acquainted with his matter let him be a mediator to his Maiesty for him for the matter he hath to do with him and so might he the better come to his purpose and obteine the thing which he doeth demand euen so saith he it is with God and his saints in heauen for we are wretched sinners and not worthy to appeare nor present our selues before the Maiesty of God to demand of him the thing that we haue need of therefore thou hast need to be deuout and haue deuotion to the mother of God and the saints of heauen to be intercessors to God for thee and so mayest thou the better obtaine of God the thing that thou dost demand To this I answered said sir as touching the comparison you made of the intercessors to the king how necessary they were I would but aske you this question Set the case that this king you speak of if he be so merciful as when he knoweth that one or any of his subiects hath offended him he send for him to his owne towne or to his owne house or palace say vnto him come hither I know that thou hast offended many lawes if thou doest know thereof and doest repent thee of the same with ful intent to offend no more I will forgiue thy trespasse and remember it no more said I if this be done by the kings owne person what then hath this man need to go seeke friendship at any of the kings priuat seruants hands but go to the principal seeing that he is readier to forgiue thee then thou art to demand forgiuenes at his hands Euen so is it with our gracious God who calleth and crieth out vnto vs throughout all the world by the mouth of his Prophets Apostles and by his owne mouth saying Come vnto me al ye that labour and are ouer laden and I wil refresh you besides 1000. other offers and prosters which hee doth make vnto vs in his holy Scriptures What then haue we need of the saints helpâ— that are in heauen whereas the Lord himself doth so freely offer himselfe vnto vs At which sayings many of the hearers were astonied and said that by that reason I would giue to vnderstandâ— that the inuocation of Saints was to be disanulled and by the Lawes of God not commanded I answered that they were not my words but the words of God himselfe looke into the Scriptures your selfe and you shall so finde it The talke was perceiued to be preiudiciall to the Romiâ—h doctrine and therefore it was commanded to be no more entreated of and all remained vnthought vpon had it not bene for a villanous Portugal that was in the company who said â—asta les Ingles para saber todo esto ymas who the next day without impaâ—ting any thing to any body went to the Bishop of Mexico and his Prouisor and said that in a place where he had bene the day before was an Englishman who had said that there was no need of Saints in the Church nor of any inuocation of Saints vpon whose
These seeme to be the mountains of Imaus called by the people Cumao The apparel of the Tartarie marchants Cowe tailes in great request Bacolâ— Serrepore Sinâ—ergan Sundâ—ua Island Nâ—graiâ— Cosmin Ladders vsed to auoyd the danger of wild beasts Dwelling in boats Medon Dela Cirionâ— Maâ—â—o Coches caried on mens shoulders Pegu. Foure white elephants The king of the white elephants Odia a city â—â— Siam This maner of cariage on mens shoulders is vsed in Peru and in Florida Paper of the leaues of a tree An excellent colour with a root called Saia Woollen clotâ— and scarletâ— sâ—lde in Pegu. The money of Pegu. The seuerall merchandiseâ— of Pegu. The forme of their Temples or â—arellaes The Tallipoies or Priests of Pegu. The apparell of their priests Obseruation of new moones Iamahey fiâ—es twenty dayes iourny Northeastward from Pegu. They burne their dead Caplan in the place where the rubies and other precious stones are found Anthony Colâ—ano writeth of these baâ—s The people of Pegu we are no beards Malacca The voyage to Iapan Eight hundred thousand cruâ—adors in siluer imployed â—erely by the Portugals in Câ—ina The writinâ— of the people of China c. Laban Diamants Iambâ— Golde Bima He returneth from Malacca Bengala Ceylon Blacke people Caâ—e de Comori Coulam Cochin People with swâ—llâ—n legges menâ—ioned also by Ioh. â—idâ—gen â—ow pâ—pper groweth Blacke people ‖ Or Calicut or Cananor Goâ— Chaul Ormâ—s The pepper tree Ginger Cloues Nutmegs maces Camphora Lignum Aloeâ— Long peppeâ— Muske Amber Rubies saphires and spinels Diamants Spodium Basora Babylon Mosul Merdin Orfa Bir. Aleppo Tripolis Iohn Newbery had beene in Ormus before Anno. 1581. The Arabian tongue generall in the East The description of Tripolis in Syria Store of white silke The city of Hammah Cotton wooll Gall trees Aleppo Birrah Euphrates shallow Eight twenty dayes iourney by riuer Arabians vpon the riuer of Euphrates The Arabian women weare golde rings in their nostrels Euphrates described Felugia The ruines of olde Babylon New Babylon The riuer Tigris â—afts borne vpon bladders of goats skins Seldome rain Eight twenty dayes iourney more by riuer from Babylon to Balsara Cuma castle Balsara Ships made without yron in the Persian gulfe Zelabdim Echebar king of Cambaia He returneth from Balsara to Aleppo Their prouision of victuals A Carauan of foure thousand Camels William Barret Consul in Aleppo M. Wil. Barret Two voiages more made to Babylon What a rotilâ— is Note that 4 roâ—es make a quintall Muske of Tartaria by y â— way of China * Or by the Camels burden Note Marchandize good for Pegu. Note Note Note Tunis The description of Alexandria Cayro Carthage Argier Goleta Malta Zante Patras Striualia Candie May. The Islands of Milo in olde time called Sporades Sio Singonina â—ichiâ—ri The English house in Alexanâ—â—iâ— The monuments of Alexandria Rosâ—etto The Turkeâ— Lent Câ—yro The English Consul aâ— Aâ—gier A fight of fiue houres The second Spaniâ—h fleete lying in waite for the English The letters of the Prince of Moldauia to the Quâ—ene Letters of the Chanceler of Poland to the Queene The marchaÌ„ts aboue named be made a felâ—â—wship and coâ—panie â—or 12 â—â—â—res by 〈◊〉 naâ—e of tâ—e Gouâ—â—nor aâ—d â—ompanie of â—â—e marchants of the â—â—uant Sir Edward Osborne appointed the first Gouernour A priuiledge for the East Indies Candie The Ascension arriued at the 7 towers The ship saluteth the grand Signior The cause of staying the Present An Arz to the grand Signior The great hall of â—ustice Reconciliation with the Uizir â—ade The ambassador goeth to the court witâ— the present The Ambassâ— came to the Seraglio * All these are captaines of hundreds and of fifties The ambassador receiued by the Vizir with all kindnesse Diuer brought in Diner taken away Gownes of cloth of gold for the ambassador and his gentlemen The Present The Present viewed The ambassador kisseth the grand Signioâ— hanâ— The ambassadors demands granted The Sultanas present The Sultanas present to the Queene Letters sent for England The other Vizirs presented The Ascension departeth Great preparation for the Hungarian warres Santa Sophia Pompeys pillar Gallipoly Troy Zio Patmos Cos. Rhodes Sidon Ezek. 26.5 Antioch Aleppo Nicosia A great iudgement of God vpon the noble men of Cyprus Indians skilfull in Astronomy The seuen precepts of Baniâ—nes This Sultana is mother to Mehemet which now reigneth as Emperor Ann. Dom. 1594. Madera first discouered by one Macham an Englishman Macham made there a chapel naming it Iesus chapell | These writings are in the Tower The first cause of this ambassage The second cause The third cause The English had an ordinary trade to the Canaries 1526. English men at the first conquest of the Canaries Ciuitas Palmarum The planting and growth of sugar canes The making of sugar Wine Plantano Lime Orchel good for dying Santa Cruz. The only vineyard in Hierro planted by Ioh. Hill of Tauoton Asafi Santa Cruz. The English were at Santa Cruz the yeere before being 1551. Tunis Bugia Tripoli Numidia Ilands of Tunis Malta The desers of Lybia Barbarie Mauritania The kingdom of Fes Marocco Tremisen Oram Mersalquiber Sala Azamor The Ilands of Canaria Guinea Aethiopians Marocco Fes Tremisen Guinea Africa y e great Africa the lesse Carthage Prester Iohn Cape de Bona Speranza Alcair Amacaiz From whence the Queene of Saba came The earthly Paradise The trees of the Sunne and the Moone Pinteado Brasile Guinea The Ilands of Madera The castle of Mina The Ilands of Canarie The Iland of S. Nicholas The riuer of Sesto Graines The thirst of gold The castle of Mina The quantitie of gold Furie admitteth no counsel The Rossia Rotting heat Benin Francisco Nich. Lambart The king of Benin his court Reuerence toward the king The communication between the king of Benin and our men Pepper The kings gentlenes towards our men The death of Windam Pinteado euill vsed of the mariners This Lambert was a Londiner boâ—ne whose father had but Lord Maior of London The death of Pinteado Pinteado first perswaded our men to the voiage of Guinea Seuen hundred reis are ten shillings Alcayre is halfe a bushell Robert Gâ—inâ—h was master of the Iohâ— Euangelist The I le of Madera The I le of Palmes Teneriffaâ— The Canariesâ— From Madera to the Isle of Palmes Gran Canariâ— Foâ—teuentura The â—land of Gomera Teneriffa Snow The coast of Barbarie Cape Blanke The riuer del Oro. The croâ—sâ—ers or crosse stars Rio Grandeâ— Cape MeÌ„surado The riuer of Sesto The riuer of Sesto Rio Dulce Cape de Monte. Cape de las Palmas The land of Cakeado Shauo Croke S. Vincents harborow The riuer Dulce Cape de las Palmas The coast of Guinea The castle of Arra The towne of Samma The pledge was sir Iohn Yorke his Nephew Cape Corea The castle of Mina perteining to the king of Portugall Perecow Perecow grand Monte Rodondo The currants From Mina homeward Rio de los Potos Iuory Cabo de las Palmas
offers of the king to our English merchants A good prouiso The Emperor of Maroco his priuileges to the English Thomas Stukeley was wrongfully indued with this title Fuquien Cincâ—o Cantan Cheqâ—eâ—m Xutiamfu Chelim Quianciâ— or Quinzi â—achin Their moneths Loutea Châ—an or Chaen Ponchiâ—ssi Anchiassi or Heâ—â—si Tâ—zi Taissuâ— Licentiates Doctors We that is the Italians and Spaniards After the Dutch fashion Pythagorean like The Italians call it the strapadoâ— A pilloâ—y boord Of like the first lenders be the more wealthie Fuquieo Hereâ—â—â—oforeâ— Parai Tamen the pâ—oper name of China Pochâ—n oâ— Pachin Their enemies Mariage of the kiâ—â—s children 〈◊〉 speaketh 〈◊〉 â—re of all 〈◊〉 but o◠〈…〉 s for 〈…〉 places 〈◊〉 beg 〈◊〉 â—s 〈…〉 ready◠〈◊〉 ming 〈◊〉 of trees 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 He speaketh of Fuquien shire Alà s Ceâ—â—bi The Kings reuenuâ—e Parai Fish poudered with peper ☞ Great ships comming from the North. * That is their temples It should seeme by their voyage to be Cardandan in Ortelius ☞ A Northerne Sea It seemeth they came vp the riuer from the Caspian sea At Cacan Riuers ouer-frosen in China Ali Auoins Tartars Mount Vsont Mogores Blewes of great price in China Brames Southward from Chenchi to the sea Auoins Chenchi Goa is a city of the Portugals in the East Indies Odericus writeth of the like Great store of â—ner mynes Petrus Maffeius de rebus Iaponicis But his almes are very good Inambuxu Genguis A warrelike people 300 leagues to the North of Meaco The Iapanish funerals They burnâ— their dead Aâ—â—â— De reb Iabâ—â— 4â— Santianum The situation and liâ—â—tes of China Chinian Cosmographers The rich reuenues of the king of China Fifteene great prouinces in China The seats roiall all of the king of China The warlike munitions of China a marueilous wall Abundance of â—nhabitants 〈◊〉 China Cities and townes The Chinian riuers greatly inhabited Holesome aâ—re plenty peace in China Chinian sâ—orâ—esâ— The city of Coanchesu aliaÌ„s Cantam Great abundance of gold in China Great store of siluer Pearles Great store of silke in China Silke brought into Iapon Spices Camphire muske Cotton-wooll whereof Calicut-cloth is made Three qualities of porcellan Plants Sugar China in a maner destitute of corne wine oile Chinian maps The dispositions maners of the Chinians Their loyaltie vnto their superiours Their laborious industry Painting Gunnes Printing Nauigation The Tartars tyranized ouer China Military discipline The literature of China Three degrees in learning The first degree The second degree The third and highest degree Note the extraordinary honor vouchsaâ—ed by the great King of China vpon his lâ—â—rned graduates Naturall philosophy Excellent astronomers in China The politike gouernment of China Three principall magistrates in ech prouince Two Senates or Counsels coÌ„tinually holden in China The causes of peace in China Learning the only step to honour in China The stately forâ—idable procession of the Chinian magistrates The houses of the Chinian magistrates The magistrates barges The maner of electing magistrates in China Degrees vnto honour Kiding post Martiall dignities The king of China Van-Sui The succession of the crowne The kingâ— yonger brethren Twelue chariots The idolatrous religion of the king The ciuill gouernment of China most agreeable to the instance of nature The fiue vertues principally esteemed among the Chinians â—rbanity The Chinians great piety towards their parents A memorable story The religion of China Three principall sectes among the Chinians Confucius authour of the first sect The summe of Confucius his doctrine Xequiam author of the second sect whose followers ar called Ceâ— or Bonzi Note The third sect The superstition of the Saraceni Christian religion planted in China An ancient custome worthy y e obseruation The Chinians contemne other nations The variation of the compasse Signes about the Cape of Boâ—a Speransa Fishes on the sea coast of Aâ—â—â—ca Note Corall Two wayes beyond y e capâ— of Good hoâ—e They coÌ„monly saile from Lisbon to Goa in 5 moneths Running seas very dangerous Certaine signs of land They arriuâ—d at Goa the 24 of October The coast of India greatly troubled with Moores Abundance of golde siluer pearles precious stones in Pegu. The great gaine of the Portugals in Pegu. Pegu the best richest countrey in all the East India A prophesie of an Indian against Spaine Three occasions of sicknes neere the line Agoada de Saldanha Great store of Penguins and Seales Bullocks oxe and sheepe dog-cheape Cape de Buona Speransa doubled Cape dos Corrientes Here they are seuered from the Penelope Foure men slaine with a clap of thunder The Shoulds of S. Laurence Quitangone neere Mozanbique The I le of Comoro 32 of our men betraied at the I le of Comoâ—o Zanzibar Iland A Portugall Factorie in Zanzibar The treason of the Portugals towards the English An excellent place for refreshing A gallie Frigate Another thunder-clap Heat in the head deadly Letting of blood very necessary A Iunco laden with pepper and brugs The currents set â—o the Northward Zocotora The Iles of Mamale Cape Comori doubled 1592. The Iles of Nicubar The Iles of Gomes Polo Sumatra The Iles of Pulo Pinaou Trees fit for mastes Malacca Three Ships of Pegu laden with pepper Martabam Pera. Pulo Sambilam A ship of Negapatan taken A ship of S. Thome The galeon of Malacca of 700 taken Wares fit to carâ— into the East India The kingdom of Iunsalaom Amber-greese The hornes of Abath The female Unicorne Some small quantitie hereof may be caried to pleasure those kings They arriue at the Iles of Nicubar which are inhabited by Moores They returne homeward They arriue at Zeilan Tanaseri in the kingdom of Siam Commodities of Bengala Commodities of Pegu. Commodities of Tanaseri A great current to the Southward A notable reliefe of fishes taken Baia de Agoa They double the Cape of Buona Speransa S. Helena Iohn Segar an Englishman left 18 moneths alone in the I le of Santa Helena A miraculous effect of extreme feare or extreme ioy The descriptioÌ„ of the commodities of the I le of santa Heleâ—a The gulfe of Paria or Bocca del Dragooâ— passed A good note The I le of Mona The I le of Sauona enuironed with flats Cape de Tiberon The old chanel passed They returne backe to the West Indies Fiue English men leâ—t on the Nueblas The ship lost by driuing away Great famine Two ships of Diepe The French trafike in S. Domingo M. Lancaster returneth to Diepe and so to England The Isle of S. Sebastian Râ—o grande Sue Coxe an old English man buried aliue by the Moores of Rio graÌ„de in Guinea The Coâ—igidoâ— of Bilbao taken and brought to London The same in English A letter of Mully Hamet to the Erle of Leicester ‖ Which is with vs 1587. The Queenes letters to the Emperour Iohn Herman an English rebel The gouernor of S. Michael taken prisoner Pedro Sarmiento the gouernour of the Straights of Magelan taken prisoner A ship laden with fish taken