Kings Eldest Son dyes whom for his excellent qualities he entirely loved The Prince as has been before hinted had Laboured under a tedious sickness and tho' the Force of it was abated he never after enjoyed perfect health for there continued a defluxion upon his stomach which no medicines could ever remove but on the contrary some that were used seemed to hasten his End On the 3d of May he took to his bed and for 6 Days the Phisitians Employed all their Art for recovering of him the whole Clergy and layety offering up their Prayers to God for him All proved in vain for the Number of his days was compleat therefore on the Night he received the Viaticum and on the 15th gave up his Ghost The Encomiums bestowed on this Prince are so great they will appear incredible and therefore I think fitter to omit than trouble the Reader with them He dyed Aged 19 Years 3 months and 7 days His body was buryed in the Royal Monastery of Belem being Attended thither by an incredible multitude of the People Lamenting the Loss of so hopefull a Prince Immediately after his death the King assembled the Parliament in which his Second Son Prince Alfonso was Sworn Heir to the Crown The 3 Estates agreed to Support the charge of the War with the Tenth of all Temporal and Spiritual Estates and in case the Spaniards should besiege any considerable place then to add one Fourth part more of the said Tax but if it should happen the Enemy Invaded the Kingdom with such powerfull Forces as might bring it into danger then they offered all they had for the Support of the Crown Before the Parliament broke up the King sustained another Loss in the Death of his Eldest Daughter Joanna who departed this Life on the 17th of September She Lyes buried in the Monastery of Belem 3. The Affairs of Portugal continued much in the same posture we left them at the Courts of Rome The Portuguese Embassadors brother beheaded for murder in England France and Holland In England the Count de Penaguiao sollicited the settling of a Peace with the Usurper Oliver who was much offended at the protection given in Lisbon to the Princes Rupert and Maurice But this Embassador before the End of his Negotiation met there with a Disaster which cost the Life of his Brother The manner of it in short was thus D. Pantaleon de Sa the Embassadors Brother walking one Evening in the New Exchange and resenting an affront which he thought he had received from one Gerard the Night following repairs to the same place attended by the Embassadors retinue and with Sword and Pistoll falls upon all he meets A great Hubub rising the Portugueses were beat off chiefly by one Collonel May an Irish man One Greenway was killed in the scuffle For this Murder D. Pantaleon de Sa as the Author of the Tumult was Tryed and condemned Having in vain pleaded his priviledge and made his escape out of Prison by the help of the Lady Mohun being again taken he was beheaded upon a Scaffold on Tower-Hill 4. Francis Barreto who Commanded in Pernambuco Francis Barreto holds the Dutch closely besieged in Brazil tho' his Forces were much lessened and no supplies came was not at all discouraged but carryed on the Seige of Arrecife with a full Resolution either to Conquer or die The besieged were now reduced to despair and therefore determined to attempt gaining the Fort Arrayal which Sigismund their Generall knowing to be a difficult Enterprize endeavoured to divert them from but perceiving he Laboured in vain told them the only means to attack that Fort was by Gaining first the quarter of Aguiar On the 11th of March he marched out of the Fort Affogados with the greatest part of that and the Neighbouring Garrisons Captain Alfonso de Albuquerque Commanded at the quarter of Aguiar He not thinking it for his honour to receive them in his works marched out and soon drove them back to their Forts Twice after this they attempted the same Post and were both time repulsed with considerable Loss which caused them to forbear any farther attempts on the besiegers and employ their Men in bringing provisions from the River of S. Francis These Men were met there by 100 Portugueses and some Blacks Commanded by Captain Francis Barregos who the first firing was shot through the body Yet his Men continued the Charge with such bravery that they drove the Dutch to their Fort and thence to their Ships without the provisions they came for Here upon the Council sent one of their body into Holland to press for speedy releif but the Dutch having been defeated at Sea by the English were not then in a condition to send any Francis Barreto having notice hereof resolved when the Portuguese Fleet arrived to make his utmost Efforts for expelling the Enemy that Country Accordingly he met the Admirall and Vice-Admirall to concert the measures they were to take but the result of this Consultation and the Effect that followed belong to the next Year 5. D. Roderick de Alencastre at the Beginning of this Year D. Roderick de Alencastre defeats a party of Moores at Tanier succeeded the Baron de Alvito in the Government of Tangier which he managed with greater dexterity than many had expected by reason of his Youth Being informed that about a place called Gibalcaro there were certain Hords of Arabs come thither for conveniency of pasture he sent the Commander in cheife of the Horse with 92 Troopers to attack them by Night Being come near them some advised him not to fall on them till morning when he could do better Execution however he obeyed his orders slew a great Number of Infidels took 17 prisoners and returned with a great booty in which were six Camels which D. Roderick sent to the King D. Roderick performed severall other actions of less note for a Famine raging among the Moors at that time they brought him intelligence for bread and others brought Horses and Cattle to sell in the City 6. The danger increased in India War in India with the Dutch where D. Bras de Castro had usurped the Government for the Dutch threatened Ceylon and other places were not free from Apprehensions The three Governors who we said last Year commanded in Ceylon sent Gaspar de Figueyra de Serpa with 900 Foot to reduce the Towns that had revolted and bring in Provisions The King of Candia's Forces forsook the lower Country and entrenching themselves strongly endeavoured to exclude him the Upper He attacked them vigorously and their number being great was repulsed but they adventuring to pursue him he rallyed drove them back and entred their Works with them making a mighty Slaughter This Success made many Towns submit which payed their Arrears of Contributions and a great quantity of Cinnamon Provisions Arms and other Plunder was conveyed to Columbo Soon after 10 Companies were sent to attack a Town on the Frontiers
Interment a Majestick Presence his Forehead large his Eyes black and beautiful his Hair reddish which he wore long his Mouth small his Visage long He somewhat stammered in his Speech was addicted to Poetry and some Verses of his are still extant He Reigned Ten Years wanting Two Months and died in January 1367. 1367. He is buryed by the Lady Agnes de Castro and his Picture to the Life on the Tomb. The Lady Constance his first Wife lies in the Church of S. Francis at Santarem By her he had Issue 1. Lewis who died an Infant 2. Ferdinand who succeeded in the Throne 3. Mary marryed to Ferdinand Prince of Aragon Son to King Alonso the Fourth His Children by the Lady Agnes de Castro were 1. Alonso His Issue who died a Child 2. Denis who refusing to kiss the Hand of Queen Ellenor Wife to King Ferdinand went away to Castile where he marryed Joanna Bastard-Daughter to King Henry 3. John who by the Advice of Queen Ellenor killed the Lady Mary Tellez de Meneses his own Wife and the Queen's Sister He should have succeeded King Ferdinand but that King John of Castile kept him Prisoner and in the mean while his Bastard Brother called also John usurped the Crown In Castile he marryed Constance Bastard Daughter to King Henry 4. Beatrix Wife to D. Sancho Earl of Albuquerque Bastard Son to King Alonso XI of Castile King Peter had one Bastard Son called John Master of the Military Order of Avis who after the Death of King Ferdinand usurped the Crown CHAP. XI The First Part of the Life and Reign of Ferdinand the first of the Name and ninth King of Portugal from the Year 1340. till 1373. 1. FErdinand was the Second Son of King Peter King Ferdinand his Birth and his Wife Constance He was Born in the City Coimbra and succeeded his Father at 27 Years of Age. The Peace and Treasures King Ferdinand inherited 1340. were not at all lasting 1367. for he engaged himself in a War against Castile He engages in a War against Castile pretending a Right to that Crown after the Death of King Peter as Great Grandson to King Sancho Henry the present Possessor being a Bastard and Regicide Many Persons of Note who fled out of Castile encouraged him in this Enterprize and many Towns not admitting Henry offered themselves to Ferdinand He bestowed vast Possessions on several of the Castilians that came over to him as particularly to Ferdinand Earl of Castro Xeres and Brother-in-law to King Henry he gave Fifteen Towns to D. Alvaro Perez de Castro his Brother Eight Towns the Earldom of Arroyolos and the Office of Constable to Ferdinand Alonso de Zamora Nineteen Towns and so to many others too long to recount besides Gifts in Money and Jewels which exhausted the Treasures left by his three Predecessors Many Cities and Towns also of Castile declared for our King where he immediately coined Money bearing the Arms and Titles of both Kingdoms Our King in outward appearance pretended more Zeal to Revenge the Murder of King Peter than Ambition to joyn that Kingdom to his own To inculcate this Opinion he sent Embassadors to the Pope the King of England and other Princes laying before them the heinousness of the Crime as committed by a Brother against his Brother and by a Subject against his Soveraign 2. Whilst the Embassadors were on their way Enters into League with the Moorish King of Granada the King concluded a League with the Moorish King of Granada for Fifty Years during which time they were to assist one another and neither was to pretend any Right to whatsoever Places of Castile were taken by the other nor was either of them if assisted with any Troops by his Confederate to allow them any Pay For farther Security King Ferdinand asked of King Peter the Aragonian his Daughter Ellenor in Marriage and Embassadors were sent on both sides to agree the Articles tho' that Lady was before betrothed to John the Eldest Son of King Henry The Princess was marryed by Proxy to our King at Lisbon the Aragonian Embassador representing her Person The Articles of Marriage were That she should bring 100000 Florins Portion That her Father should make War on Castile two Years That the Husband should give three Months Pay to 3000 Horse in his Father-in-law's Service Some Places in Castile were also allotted to the Aragonian for every Man gives freely of what he has not Soon after the Bridegroom that was to have been but never was sent a Rich Present to Barcelona for the Bride without expecting the Payment of the 100000 Florins He also sent Eighteen hundred weight of Gold to be coined to defray Charges there To Convoy the Bride seven beautiful Galleys were fitted out whereof that which was to carry her had her Sails of Silk wrought with Gold and all that was above Water was gilt The Rowers were cloathed in the King's Livery and many gallant Gentlemen went as Volunteers Among other things of value there was carried a Crown of inestimable price for the Bride D. John Alonso Tello Earl of Barcelos attended by the Bishops of Evora and Silves and the Abbot of Alcobaça went Embassadors and performed the Ceremony of marrying the Princess in his Masters Name But her Father put off the delivering of her till the Pope's Dispensation was obtained and times altering all came to nothing 3. King Ferdinand began the Wars in Galicia with a small Power Coruna and other Places voluntarily submitted to him Monterrey was taken by Force after it had made a vigorous Defence But understanding that King Henry drew near with numerous Forces Ferdinand went away by Sea to Porto leaving D. Nunno Freyre Master of the Military Order of Christ with 400 Horse in Coruna Alonso Gomez de Lira at Tuy and others in other Places 1369. Henry to bring our King to Peace Henry of Castile invades Portugal left them and entered Portugal burning all the Country as far as Braga where Lope Gomez de Lira made a vigorous Defence but was forced to abandon the Place after loosing 48 Men because he was not releived and the Town was not Walled nor Garisoned having Articled to Surrender if not releived by a certain time Henry finding the Place was not Tenable Burnt it and removed to Guemaraens which being better Fortified held out against him Seing he prevailed little by Force he thought to take it by Stratagem and to that purpose James Gonzalez de Castro got into the Place disguished like a Country-Man but being discovered was put to Death and his Body exposed to the Dogs Now it was that Count Ferdinand de Castro Brother-in-Law to King Henry carried about by him as a Prisoner made his Escape into the Town with his Keeper Ramiro Nunez and both went into the Portuguese's Service King Ferdinand who was then at Coimbra with a numerous Army with all speed made towards the Castilian sending before a
with the Aragonian and our King joyned in League with the former against the other But the Castilian knowing the inconstancy of Ferdinand soon came to agreement with the Aragonian The more to bind the Portuguese to him he proposed a Match betwixt our Princess Beatrix and his own Bastard-Son Frederick 1375. This Match being approved of by the Cortes at Leyria they were married by Proxy and the King of Castile Swore to perform the Articles of the Treaty 1376. on the 19th of January 1377. Our King being forsaken by the Castilian Prince John privately marries Mary Sister to Queen Ellenor concluded a League against Aragon with Lewis Duke of Anjou Son to the King of France Prince John of Portugal falling in Love with the Lady Mary Sister to the then Queen Ellenor raised also by her Beauty to the Throne he was privately married to her But Queen Ellenor instead of rejoycing at the Advancement of her Sister fearing that the King dying without Issue she might come to be Queen contrived her Death and to compass her ends she perswaded the Prince she would Marry him to the Princess Beatrix the King 's only Daughter and by that means secure him the Succession of the Crown At the same time she accused her Sister of defiling his Bed He Murders her The Prince moved with Hope and Revenge hasted to Coimbra and breaking in upon the Innocent Lady murdered her as she leaped naked out of Bed and taking Horse fled to secure himself and his followers As soon as the News of this Action came to Court 1378. the Queen went into deep Mourning The Prince easily obtained his Pardon and coming to Court began to sollicit the Conclusion of the Match before proposed to him by the Queen with the Lady Beatrix but finding nothing in her but Deceit he retired to the Province that lies betwixt Duero and Minho and thence fled to Castile where he was kept from the Crown of Portugal which would have fallen to him as we shall see in the next Reign had he not fled for killing his Wife 2. A mighty Solar Eclipse preceded the Death of Henry A great Eclipsâ— of the Sun King of Castile which happened on the 30th of May. Embassadors went immediately from Portugal to propose to John the new King a Match betwixt his Eldest Son Ferdinand then a Year old and Beatrix Princess of Portugal tho' she was before contracted to Frederick 1380. King Henry's Bastard Son The Castilian approving of this Proposal sent his Embassadors to Portugal who concluded upon the Articles of Marriage But notwithstanding this so late Capitulation King Ferdinand underhand treats with the Dukes of Lancaster and York about subduâ—ng of Castile King Ferdinand hoping to gain some Advantage over the Young King resolved upon War John Fernandez Andeyro one of them expelled Portugal upon the Pacification with King Henry was at this time in England to whom private Instructions were sent to treat with the Duke of Lancaster and Edmund Duke of York for Succours They espoused the Cause and Andeyro came away with the News to Portugal where the King being at Estremoz kept him up in a Tower that the Design might not take Air nor he seem to Entertain any of the Fugitives It fell out the Queen spoke sometimes with Andeyro in this Retirement and as Queens are but Women their Familiarity became scandalous for she who had forsaken her Lawful Husband for a King now abandoned that King for a Private Man whom she raised to the honour of an Earl After some time the King ordered him to appear publickly at Leyria as if newly come from England and there as had been agreed he was apprehended for coming into Portugal without leave Within a few days he was again set at Liberty and it was given out he should lose his Head if he stay'd in the Kingdom Under this Pretence he returned to England to sollicite the execution of the Treaty concluded 3. King John understanding that Edmund Duke of York raised Forces in England to Conquer Castile for his Brother the Duke of Lancaster who had a Right to it by his Wife the Daughter of King Peter and that he intended to assist the King of Portugal marched now as far as Zamora fitted out his Fleet at Sevil and sent Ferdinand Osores Master of the Knights of Santiago to secure Badajoz The King of Portugal had already fitted out 22 Galleys at Lisbon and sent Commanders to all the Frontiers The first Action of King Ferdinand was the demolishing the Walls of his own City of Evora which were so strong that three Years were spent in that Work The Portuguese Fleet commanded by the Earl John Alonso Tello the Queen's Brother set out from Lisbon and in the Sea of Algarve met with the Fleet of Castile consisting of 17 Galleys under the Command of Ferdinand Sanchez de Toar He being inferiour in number endeavoured to shun coming to an Engagement But our Admiral pursues and comes up with him off of Saltes All the Portuguese Fleet except one Galley taken by the Castilians having left behind 8 Galleys that went to take in some Fisher-Boats Toar seeing our Galleys dispersed bravely boards and takes 12 of the first that came up and afterwards Seven of the Eight that were behind Only one of our Galleys escaped to bring the News to Lisbon the rest were carryed in Triumph to Sevil. Few were killed in this Engagement but the Prisoners amounted to 6000. In the mean time the Master Ferdinand Osores infested the Frontiers with frequent Excursions from Badajoz Peter Alvarez Pereyra Prior of Crato marched with 1000 Lances and 4000 Cross-bow-Men in quest of him but came too late for he was retired to Badajoz King John streightly besieged the Town of Almeyda thither came to him Prince John who was fled from Portugal on account of killing his Wife and offered with the assistance of some banished Portugueses to cause Lisbon to be delivered up to the King Upon this he appeared before Lisbon with six Galleys but being disappointed of his Design returned back to Sevil. 4. King Ferdinand sent his Chancellor Laurence Yannez Fogaça into England to hasten the promised Succours The Duke of York set Sail from Plymouth with 3000 Men 1381. and entred the River of Lisbon on the 19th of July The Duke of York arrives at Lisbon with 3000 Men With him came the Princess his Wife and many Ladies as also his Son Edward and some of the banished Portugueses among whom was Andeyro who came not so much to serve the King in his Wars as the Queen in her Amours the King's Sickness administring a favourable Opportunity The King went aboard to receive the new Guests who were lodged in the Monastery of S. Dominick where Rich Presents were bestowed upon them and they were sumptuously entertained The King was by the Treaty obliged to furnish the English with Horses and he gave them
out some time but there being no hopes of Relief at last it surrendred The City Braga mutinying drove their Governour into the Castle and sending to the new King offered to receive him He ordered Nunho Alvarez the Constable to take Possession of the City and force the Castle which was accordingly performed The same happened at Ponte de Lima. The King of Castile now at Cordova having twice sent his Fleet against Lisbon ordered a strong Party to enter Portugal by the way of Cuidad Rodrigo They plundered all the Territory of Trancoso and the City of Viseu but as they returned laden with a Rich Booty they were charged by a Portuguese Body much inferiour to them in Number yet with such Resolution that of all the Castilians only 200 escaped not one Portuguese being lost in the Action if Credit may be given to such a Relation after affirming the Fight was obstinately maintained In the mean while the Fleet of Castile consisting of Forty Ships Ten Galeons The Castilians enter Portugal some Galleys Twelve Barks and other small Vessels rode in the Harbour of Lisbon That King also marched from Cordova with a numerous Army and appeared before Elvas which was resolutely defended and now finding the general Aversion of the Portuguese to him it was debated whether Portugal ought to be invaded at all but at last it was resolved to enter it by the way of the Province of Beyra 4. The new Portuguese King understanding the approach of the Castilians marched out of Guimaraens to give them Battle having drawn together his Forces from Coimbra Porto and other Places On the 14th of August in the Morning he entred the Plain of Aljubarrota where he Knighted several Gentlemen The Castilians designed not to fight intending to march directly to Lisbon Tâ—â— Famâ—â—â— Bâ—â—â—â—â—â— Aâ—jubarâ—â—â— yet after some Consultation they resolved to Engage There was a great disproportion in Numbers for the Castilians are reported to have been 33000 strong and the Portuguese but 6500 besides which Disadvantage they had the Sun and Dust in their Eyes The Sun was going down when these two unequal Armies engaged The Castilians at the first Charge broke through our Vanguard but the new King then coming up not only with Words but with his Example so animated his Men that in less than an hour that multitude of Enemies was put to the rout The King of Castile who began the Fight on a Mule being then troubled with an Ague was forced to take a Horse to save himself Most of the Portuguese who sided with Castile and were in the Front of the Army were put to the Sword for no Quarter was given to them The Royal Standard of Castile was taken but many pretending to the Honour it could not be decided by whom The full Number of the slain is not known but it was very great on the part of Castile of whom about 3000 Horse are reckoned to have perished and very many Men of great Account This is the Famous Battle of Aljubarrota so called for that it was fought near the Village of that Name The Booty was vastly Rich. 5. The Victorious King continued three days in the Field of Battle erecting Trophies it being then the Custom so long to expect the return of the Enemy The King of Castile fled with speed from Aljubarrota to Santarem which is Twelve Leagues and having rested there a short time went down the River to his Fleet then Riding before Lisbon where he continued two days and on the 17th of August left that Port attended by Seventeen Galleys He arrived at Sevil and tired there with the Clamours of the People went away to Carmona Now we have heard what the Portuguese Authors write of this Battle The Account given of this Battle by the Spanish Historians which seems altogether incredible but let us give an hint of what those of Castile write which is much more probable They say the King of Castile advancing towards his Enemy found him posted in an Advantageous Ground betwixt two Morasses out of which Place he could not be drawn because much inferiour in Number That he was above 12000 strong and before the Engagement made Overtures of Peace That the Castilians would not be disswaded from giving Battle in that Place so disadvantageous to them because they exceeded their Enemies in Number and in fine that they lost the Day through their own Pride and Rashness in assailing an Enemy so well posted when they might have ranged all the Country at their own pleasure This I believe to all Impartial Men will appear nearer to the Truth for we must allow all Authors to magnifie the Exploits of their own Country and so let us return to our History The new King coming to Santarem had it delivered to him and finding there many Ladies whose Husbands were in the Service of Castile he gave them all Liberty to go to them which they gladly embraced 6. The Portuguese King 's next care was to Reward those who had signalized themselves in the Battle The Constable of Portugal upon the Frontiers of Castile the chief whereof was the Constable to whom he gave large Possessions and the Title of Count of Ourem He encouraged by this Honour resolved to invade Castile Having gathered 4000 Men he met and defeated the Master of Calatrava D. Martin Yanez de Barbuda who had entred Portugal with a strong Party and pursuing his Success took the strong Town of Villa Garcia Thence he marched to the Plain betwixt Magaçela and Villa Nueva de la Serena where he had a terrible and long as well as doubtful Battle with D. Peter Moniz Master of the Order of Santiago Three several times the Fight was renewed and lasted almost two days with incredible Obstinacy but in the Conclusion the Portuguese obtained a most Glorious Victory This done he went away to aid the King then lying at the Siege of Chaves which was surrendred to him Moving thence they laid Siege to Coria but after having battered it some days with great Fury were forced to rise and depart the Constable to the Province of Alentejo and the King on foot in Pilgrimage to Our Lady's Church at Guimaraens as he had promised before the Battle of Aljubarrota Most of them that held any Fortresses for Castile surrendred themselves now to the new King He laid Siege to the Town of Chaves whereof Martin Gonzalez de Atayde was Governour who held it out till he had no Water left 1386. and then articled to Surrender in Forty days if not relieved from Castile and by consent of that King he at length delivered up the Place 7. The Portuguese Embassadors in England stirred up the Duke of Lancaster to lay hold of this Opportunity to assert his Right to the Crown of Castile The Duke of Lancaster invited by the Portuguese Lands in Galicia with 2000 Horse and 3000 Archers to which he had a most Legal Title by his Wife the Lady
Constance Daughter to King Peter from whom Henry the Bastard had usurped that Kingdom The Duke having this Right to the Crown of Castile set Sail from Plymouth with a numerous Fleet and arrived at Coruna in Galicia on the 25th of July where he landed 2000 Horse and 3000 Archers besides some other Forces and several Persons of Note The Duke was Sixty Years of Age without any grey hairs was tall and well shaped affable modest in Discourse of an excellent Deportment and in all respects answerable to his Royal Extraction With him came his Wife Constance and his two Daughters Philippa by his first Wife and Katherine by the second Scarce was he landed at Coruna when that Place owned him for its Lawful Sovereign as did the City Santiago and the greatest part of this Kingdom of Galicia Our King was at Lamego when the Duke landed in Spain The New King John and Duke of Lancaster meet Thence he removed to Porto and having agreed to meet the Duke at Ponte-Mauro set forward with a numerous Retinue They met upon the First of November in a Plain near Melgazo There it was agreed That if the Duke succeeded he should give the Towns of Ledesma Montilla Melgazo Plazenzia Grimal Canaveral Caceres Mendao Fuente del Maestre Zafra Torres de-Medina Fegenal and other Places with their Territories to the King of Portugal as Dower with his Daughter Philippa The Pope's Dispensation being come whereby the King was loosed from his Vow of Chastity made as Master of the Military Order of Avis and the Princess Philippa being conducted to him they were solemnly married upon Candlemas-Day Immediately the Queen's Household was settled and a plentiful Revenue assigned her 1387. which afterwards some other Queens of Portugal enjoyed 8. The King having spent Two Months with his Queen at Porto went with her to see her Father at Bragança and thence sent her back to Coimbra Many of the English were dead of Diseases With the King were 3000 Lances 2000 Cross-Bow Men and 5000 Foot They entred the Dominions of Castile and took Castro Calvo Mâ—â—tila Râ—sales Valderas and Villalobos Tho' Galicia had received the Duke as lawful King yet no Place in Castile admitted him but by Constraint Hereupon the King told him That to make an absolute Conquest it was requisite he should return to England for greater Forces The Duke approved of his Advice and they returned to Cuidad Rodrigo By the way they defeated a Party of the Enemies consisting of 500 Horse and some Foot Another Skirmish happened near the City upon the Passage of a Brook with the same Success The Duke being now in Portugal Embassadors came to him from the King of Castile Prince Henry of Castile marries the Daughter of the Duke of Lancaster Peace is concluded offering that Prince Henry Heir to the Crown should marry Katherine the Duke's Daughter that so all Pretensions to the Kingdom might cease The Duke assented and Articles being agreed upon and performed the War betwixt him and Castile ended He being with the King at Coimbra a Castilian was there burnt for contriving to Poyson him Soon after he returned to England 9. The King having held the Cortes or Parliament at Braga 1388. set out to recover some Places which still held for Castile Melgazo having held out to the last was then delivered up the Defendants having only leave to depart without Arms. It was remarkable at this Siege that Two Women A combat betwixt two Women one of the Town and the other of the Camp challenged each other and fought the latter was Victorious Hence the King marched to Lisbon and in September to the Province of Alentejo where about the middle of October after a stout Defence the Town and Castle of Campo-Major were taken by force At the beginning of the following Year 1389. the King being at Lisbon one of the Queens Ladies called Beatrix was found to have admitted Ferdinand Alonso one of the King's Bed-Chamber and his Favourite to her Bed Hereupon he was apprehended and having made his Escape from the Officer took Sanctuary in the Church Thence the King himself went to drag him and tho' he urged he was married caused him to be burnt The Lady went away to Castile to her Mother Embassadors came to the King being then in the Province between the Rivers Duero and Minho proposing a Truce for some Months and so Commissioners were appointed to treat with him and in the mean while the King to lose no time Besieged and took the City Tuy in Galicia 139â— At length a Cessation was concluded for Three Years A Cessation of Arms betwixt Spain and Portugal for three Years and some Places restored on both sides but more to the Portuguese Nevertheless the King of Castile ceased not to make mighty preparations for War but his Designs were prevented by Death which happened to him by a fall from his Horse After the expiration of the Three Years the Nobles of Castile 1393. and the Governours to King Henry Son to the late King John by his First Wife the Lady Ellenor advised him to desist from his Pretensions to Portugal since he was not Born of Queen Beatrix on whom that Title was grounded Embassadors were sent to this Effect to Portugal where a Peace was concluded for Fifteen Years all Prisoners on both sides to be released and all Dammages done during the late Cessation to be made good and then Hostages for performance were given on both sides 10. But these Articles were not faithfully performed on the Part of Castile The Truce not duly observed neither as to restitution of Dammages nor releasement of Prisoners wherefore the Portuguese resolved to do himself Justice by taking some Towns and accordingly surprized Badajoz and Albuquerque Embassadors sent from Castile promised performance of Articles upon Restitution of those Places and it was only done to amuse the King for at the same time Vessels were fitting out in Biscay against Portugal and two Portuguese Ships laden with Warlike Stores were taken off of Cape S. Vincent At the same time the Castilians made Incursions wasting all the open Country But the Constable defeated a Party of 400 of them that was returning home with a rich Booty Campo-Mayor was soon after taken by the King Having thus secured themselves against their Enemy the King and Constable gave themselves some Repose The latter distributed most of what the King had bestowed on him for his Services on such Gentlemen as had always adhered to him On the contrary the King now established on the Throne took back to himself much of what he had bestowed on many great Men for their good Service in the War As the Constable had received most this fell heaviest upon him and therefore he resolved to depart the Kingdom but the King returning part of what he had taken from him with difficulty perswaded him to stay The taking of Badajoz and Albuquerque before mentioned
English Order of the Garter which is of S. George he used for his Crest the Head of a winged Dragon and from that time forward the Portuguese use to call upon S. George in the time of Battle 10. Discoveries in this King's time were made by John Gonzalez Zarco Discoveries made in his time Tristan Vaz Teixeira and Bartholomew Perestrello who being drove they knew not whither by a storm found the Island they called Puerto Santo in the Year 1418 and two Years after that of Madera where they found a little Oratory and Inscription declaring that one Machin an English-Man had been there before Giles Yanez attempting what none durst before him passed beyond Cape Bojador and there planted a Cross CHAP. IV. The Life and Reign of Edward the First of the Name and Eleventh King of Portugal his Actions and Death from the Year 1391 till 1438. 1. KIng Edward was Born at Viseo Birth of King Edward in the Year 1391. He was with his Father at the taking of Ceuta and married Ellenor Daughter to King Ferdinaâ—d the first of Aragon 1391. in the Year 1428. The Body of King John being deposited in the Cathedral of Lisbon 1428. on the 14th of August the next Day his Eldest Son Edward was proclaimed King 1433. An Astrologer advised him to pass by that unfortunate Day An Astrological Prediction for that all the Constellations were Conspired against him But he religiously â—lighting these Predictions went on with the Solemnity and was Crowned that very Day Then began the Astrologer publickly as he had before done in private to denounce that his Reign would be short as to time but tedious for the Misfortunes which would happen in it The New King went to divert himself at Sintra where his Son Alonsâ— not full 20 Months Old was Sworn Heir to the Crown by the Nobility This was the only time the like Ceremony was performed without the Concurrence of the Commonalty by their Representatives He was also the first that had the Title of Prince given him in Portugal Alonso Son to King Edward the first that 〈◊〉 the Title of Prince in Portugal his Father following the example of the other Courts of Christendom The first that used it was that of England where the Heir of the Crown was called Prince of Wales From Sintra the King sent his Summons to all the Prelates and Nobles for them to meet in order to attend the Translation of his Father's Body to a noble Sepulchre designed for it in the Church of Batalla belonging to the Dominicans and of the invocation of the Assumption of our Blessed Lady built by that King in Memory of the Victory obtained in that Place 2. It will not here be amiss The Funeral of King John in short to say something of his Funeral which may shew the Custom of those times All the Nobility and Clergy Assembled at Lisbon The Mourning then used was either white Sack-Cloath or raw Canvas Such was the Apparel of all the Nobility and their Families The Pallace was all Hung with Black On the 25th of October all the Company marched in orderly Procession from the Pallace to the Church with great silence the Bells of all the Churches ringing At the Church after a short Sermon the Body was placed on a Mausoleum and then the Divine Office for the dead performed with great Solemnity Prince Peter and many other great men stay'd in the Church all Night with the Body and next Day after Mass and Sermon a costly Offering was made of Gold Silver and rich Brocados This done the Body was placed on a Triumphant Charriot which was drawn through the Streets by the King his Brothers and the Nobility In the New Street and in the great Place called Recio Scaffolds were erected on which Learned Men made Funeral Orations suitable to the Occasion At S. Vincent's Gate Four Horses were put to the Charriot Four times the Funeral halted betwixt Lisbon and the Church of Batalla at Odivellas Villafranca Alcoentre and Alcobaça The Fifth Day it came to the Church of Batalla whither the Cortes or Parliament was summoned and there all that great Assembly assisted at Mass and the other Funeral Rites 3. The King hasted away to Leyria King Edward holds a Parliament flying from the Plague for here began his Misfortunes The Cortes or Parliament was held at Santarem where the King gave general Satisfaction Then he applied himself to the cares of the Government He caused also the Laws to be epitomized and reduced to one Volume taking special care that they should be put in Execution His next care was to moderate excess in Apparel and Diet and then he Ordered That only one of the Princes and such of the Nobility as were named should attend at Court at one time the rest being sent away to their Estates and they to relieve the others in their turns 1434. Thus the ensuing Year was spent A general Council Pope Martin had before this time summoned a general Council to meet at Basle for Uniting the Greek and Latin Churches 1435. To this Council were sent Six Embassadors from Portugal The Union of the Two Churches took Effect but was not lasting for the Greeks not finding those Supplies they expected from the Pope against the Turks soon fell off The Portuguese Embassadors obtained a Grant of the then Pope Eugenius That the Kings of Portugal might be Crowned and Anointed in the same manner as those of England and France This same Year the King designed his Sons should receive the Sacrament of Confirmation with great Pomp and Solemnity but News being then brought that the Kings of Naples and Navarre Prince Henry and above 100 Persons of great Note were taken Prisoners in a Sea Fight by Philip Duke of Milan all publick Joy ceased and the Court was filled with Mourning nevertheless the Young Princes were confirmed 4. This same Year also it was An Expedition against Tangier that the Princes Henry and Ferdinand having first gained the Queen to their Party perswaded the King to take in Hand an Expedition against Tangier in Africk It was long before they could prevail upon him but at last overcome by their importunities he took the Fatal Resoluton A Tax was laid upon the Kingdom for the Expence of this War and all the Preparations for such an Expedition diligently made On the 17th of August the Princes Embarked and the 22th they sailed from Belem 1437. The particulars of this Unhappy Undertaking belong properly to the Portuguese Africk where they are to be seen at large but the even was The Portuguese Army destroyed by the Moors and the King's Brother taken That most of the Portuguese Army perished and Prince Ferdinand remained in Captivity he being left as an Hostage for restoring Ceuta to the Moors upon their suffering the Relicks of the Portuguese to return home Prince Henry the Adviser of this Enterprize sent Notice to
Power in Cases Criminal This pleased the People but made him odious to the Nobility Soon after he made a Law That his Judges and other Officers of Justice should execute their employments throughout all the Territories of great Men that pretended exemption from them All the Grandees opposed these New Ordinances but the King was not so jealous of any as of Ferdinand Duke of Bragança a Servant of whom presented to the King certain Letters from the King of Castile to the said Duke which much increased the King's suspition 1482. and caused him to decree his Death In the mean while The Plague at Lisbon the Plague beginning to diffuse it self at Lisbon King John removed his Court to Monte-Mayor a more healthy Place An Embassador was sent into England to confirm the established Friendship with that King Another was also dispatch'd to Castile about concluding the Match designed betwixt Prince Alonso of Portugal and the Princess Elizabeth of Castile which was not effected till afterwards Embassadors came thence to Portugal on that Account By his Embassadors that had been in Castile the King had farther information concerning the Duke of Bragança his holding Correspondence with that King The Duke was warned by the King to forbear any farther proceeding in that Correspondence yet he desisted not but on the contrary proposed to unnaturalize himself in order to be at liberty to withstand his Sovereign The King understanding that the Duke accompanied his Son Prince Alonso in his Journey from Moura to Evora he resolved to apprehend him After the Solemnity of the Princes Reception was over the Duke coming to take his leave of the King was by his order secured 4. The Duke being now in Custody the King called his Council and laid before them the Copies of his Letters of Correspondence with Castile Judges were appointed for his Trial before whom he appeared twice but refused to come the third time The Duke of Braganca beheaded for High-Treason They thereupon past Sentence of Death upon him which was publickly executed upon a Scaffold by severing his Head from his Body D. Alvaro de Portugal one of the Duke's Brothers was banished and found such Favour in Castile that he was made President of the Council The Marquis of Monte-Mayor his other Brother having made his escape was executed in Effigy This done the King and Queen took a Progress through the Provinces betwixt Duero and Minho and behind the Mountains In February they returned to Santarem 1484. where they found the Death of the Duke of Bragança instead of security to them The Duke of Viseo Conspires against the King's Life was like to produce greater danger The Duke of Viseo Brother to the Queen had conspired to Murder the King in hopes to Succeed him as he would have done had he not endeavoured to anticipate the time His Associates were the Bishop of Evora and several other Persons of Note This Treason was discovered to the King by Antony de Faria who had it from James Tinoco Brother to a Servant-Maid of the Bishop that gave him the first information James Tinoco gave the King a particular Account of the Design but found not entire Credit till D. Vasco Coutino confirmed all he had said Three times the King escaped the Danger being provided against it since the information given him and yet none of the Conspirators perceived he knew any thing of it On the 22d of August being at Setuval he sent for the Duke and having taken him aside asked of him what he would do to the Man that designed to kill him The Duke answered The Duke stabbed by the King I would kill him first if I could Then replied the King You have given judgment against your self At the same Instant he stabbed him so that he fell down dead at his Feet 5. Late at Night Proclamation was made for apprehending the rest of the Conspirators The other Conspirators punished and the next Morning the Duke's Carcass was exposed to publick view upon the Scaffold Most of the Traitors were apprehended The Bishop of Evora being put into a Cestern was there eaten alive by Worms His Brother Ferdinand was beheaded the same end had Peter de Albuquerque D. Gutiere Coutino died in Prison and D. Alvaro de Atayde fled to Castile and was afterwards pardoned by King Emanuel The Count de Pena-Macor died at Sevil and Ferdinand de Sylveyra was killed in France D. Vasco Coutinho one of the discoverers for his loyalty was created an Earl and Tinoco the other being of less Quality had 5000 Crowns down given him and a Church Revenue worth 1500 a Year This done the King bestowed all that had belonged to the Duke of Viseo upon his Brother Emanuel and with it the hopes of Succeeding to the Crown as also of the Empire of Asia for at this time Burtholomew Diaz by the King's order discovered the Cape of Good Hope which he then called Tormentoso or Stormy because of the ill Weather he met with there 6. Whilst these things passed in Portugal the City S. George in Guinea increased and the Christian Religion diffused it self whereupon the King this Year first stiled himself Lord of Guinea 1485. Several sorts of new Coin King John stiles himself Lord of Guinea as well of Gold and Silver as of Copper were now also spread abroad in Portugal The King had sent D. Peter de Noronha his Embassador to Rome to pay his Obedience to the Pope and obtain of him the Croisade in order to prosecute his Conquests in Africk for which he made Preparations throughout the Kingdom 1486. Four Venetian Galleys being taken by the French and the Men put ashoar almost naked at Cascaes the King not only relieved them with Cloaths and other Necessaries but gave them such a Sum of Money as redeemed their Galleys wherewith they returned home Whereupon that Republick sent a Solemn Embassy with Presents to return him Thanks for that extraordinary Act of Hospitality Azamor in Africk submits to the King The Town of Azamor in Africk sent this Year to submit it self to our King and was taken into Protection The way to India by Sea beginning to be laid open after the Discovery of the Cape of Good Hope the King sent Alonso de Payva and John de Cubillan to take a Journey into India by Land Others followed them but the particulars of those Actions belong to the Portuguese Asia where they may be found The Catholick King and Queen falling short of Ammunition at the Siege of Granada sent to desire a Supply of King John which was speedily and plentifully conveyed to them John Alonso de Aveyro discovered the Coast of Beni and brought thence the first Pepper that was ever brought from those Parts as also an Embassador from that King who was honourably entertained and sent back loaded with Presents James de Almeyda a Knight of Malta Sailing for Africk with 30 Sail in which
Portugal Others are of Opinion that the Duke knowing himself to be in some measure guilty published the said Declaration and Challenge of his own accord to blot out the ill Opinion conceived of him Whatsoever the grounds were that moved him to it Certain it is he published and dispersed throughout Spain and Portugal a Cartell in Vindication of his Honour charging the new King with the Crime of Rebellion and challenging him to single Combat with all the Formalities used in those Cases This Cartel was dated at Toledo the 29th day of September 1641. and is too long to trouble the Reader with in this place nor is it significant since as it happens to most things of that Nature no Notice was taken of it 7. The Bishop of Lamego betrayed to the Spaniards The Portuguese Ambassador at Rome as has been said above being now exchanged for certain Spaniards of Quality continued his Journey to Rome on his Embassy to his Holiness Upon his Arrival the Spanish Embassador protested that he would immediately return to Spain in case the Pope received him as Embassadour from Portugal Hereupon the Pope to prevent Disorders that might happen ordered he should come to Town by Night but suffered him to be visited as an Embassador He of France sent his Coach to fetch him from Civita Vecchia with a Guard of all the Portugese and Catalonians that were then at Rome Being come thither he took up his Lodging at the French Embassadors who received him at his Door with all possible marks of Respect We shall see what became of this Embassy in its proper place On the 27th of September arrived at Lisbon a Fleet of 18 Sail from Angola richly laden two days after came in another from Rio de Janeiro of no less value in sundry sorts of Commodities Anno 1642. THE Island Terzera was the only Place which had refused to submit to the new King of Portugal The Island Terzera reduced the Governour thereof proving more faithful then the rest to the King of Spain He began to want Provisions and Ammunition which being known in Spain two Ships were sent to him loaden with all Necessaries for his Relief These Vessels were taken by the Ships of Portugal which lay about this Island on purpose to intercept all Succours D. Alvaro de Viveiro who commanded in the Fort being now reduced to great streights and seeing no likelihood of being reliev'd capitulated and march'd out with 263 Men two pieces of Canon and all other marks of Honour leaving behind 800 sick Men who according to Articles were to be taken care of and sent away as soon as well D. Emanuel de Souza Pacheco was sent to govern that Island The Portuguese Fleet consisting of 13 Sail sailed together with the Dutch designing to intercept the Spanish Galeons but the Dutch treacherously forsook the Portuguese who in a Storm lost their Admiral and Vice-Admiral the other Ships being much shatter'd 2. Soon after the Surrender of the Island Forreign Alliances concluded News was brought that the Portuguese Ambassador in Sweden had concluded an Alliance betwixt the two Crowns which the King for the satisfaction of his People caused to be proclaimed by his Heraulds To confirm which in a few Days there arrived at Lisbon four Swedish Ships laden with Naval and Warlike Stores sent by the Ambassador and Letters were brought from the Queen of Sweden in which she gave their Portuguese Majesties assurances of her firm Adherence to them in all that should be for their Service Tristan de Medoza had in like manner established a firm Friendship and Alliance with the Hollanders However the Dutch Fleet that was upon the Coast of Goa in India took some Portuguese Ships commanded by Sancho Faria de Silva who was kill'd in the Action with 50 of his Men. At the same time they took several places in Brasil driving out the Portuguese D. George Mascarenhas who was Vice-Roy there sent Advice to the King and he immediately writ to Francis de Andrade Leitan his Ambassador in England ordering him instantly to go over to complain to the States of the taking of those Places The States considering how uncapable the King was at that time to do himself right made small account of his Ambassador demanding restitution Goa was at the same time Besieg'd by the same Fleet which not being strong enough for such an Enterprize begged the assistance of a Neighbouring King That Prince blocked it up by Land but as soon as he understood of the Revolution of Portugal he rais'd the Siege joyn'd in League with the Portuguese Vice-Roy and by this Means the Dutch Fleet was forc'd to retire 3. All this while the Frontiers of Castile and Portugal were full of Soldiers The Progress of the War in the Province of Alentejo The Garrison of Campo Mayor often broke into Estremadura Parties of Horse from Badajoz appeared frequently at the Gates of Elvas and the Governor of this last Place as often drove Cattel from about Badajoz Though these inroads were not very considerable yet they were not performed without Bloodshed Time heightning the hatred betwixt the two Nations both Parties encreased their Troops The King of Portugal erected six places of Arms on his Frontiers and put 5000 Men into each of them The Spaniards assembled on all sides and four or five Armies appeared in as many places to oppose and infest the Portuguese Hereupon daily Action ensued sometimes the one and sometimes the other being superior Ferdinand Tellez de Meneses Governor of the Province of Beira was one of the first that gained upon the Spaniards He made an inroad into Old Castile where he took and burnt the Towns of S. Martin and Elgas with the Castle of the latter which commands all the Territory of Gata Having made himself Master of Valverde and finding it conveniently seated to annoy the Enemy he left in it a Garrison well provided A small Body of 2500 Spaniards endeavouring to give a check to his Proceedings was put into Disorder at the first Charge and the Portuguese using their Advantage cut in pieces most of their Enemies Martin Alphonso de Melo Governor of Elvas was no less successful about the same time For having received intelligence that a party of 300 Spanish Horse ravaged the Country betwixt Badajoz and Valverde he sent out a good Body of Horse with 150 Musqueteers ordering them to attack the Enemy wherever they met them This was so couragiously performed that most of the Spanish Horse being slain upon the place the rest quitted their Horses to save themselves in a small Wood hard by so that 274 Horses became a prey to the Victors These were yet but small Advantages D. Francis de Melo General of the Portuguese Horse in the Province of Alentejo entred Estremadura where finding no Forces to oppose him he took Aroches Villar del Rey Codissera and Ancinasola defeated some Troops that adventured to oppose him took a vast Booty and so
was set upon by 1500 Foot and 350 Spanish Horse who cut in pieces 140 of his Men and made the rest prisoners except some few Horse with whom he fled to Chaves where he Dyed of the Wounds he had received 3. D. Roderick de Castro D. Roderick de Castro in the Province of Beira who by reason of sickness had been absent Returning to his Government of part of the Province of Beira sent Captain Francis Naper with 100 Horse and Orders to lay himself close in ambush Two Leagues from Cuidad Rodrigo whence he was to detatch a small party to drive the cattle about that City that so 4 Troops which were in Garrison there might be drawn into the Snare He Executed his Orders so successfully that the Spaniards disorderly pursuing the detached Party he fell in and cut off 30 of them putting the rest to flight The Enemy revenged this misfortune upon the poor Country People killing many unarmed in return for which cruelty D. Roderick with 600 Foot and 200 Horse marched to Sabugo a Town Two Leagues from Cuidad Rodrigo of about 300 Houses which he plundered and burnt down to the ground The Spaniards assembling a good Body pursued him retreating but he drawing up at their approach they marched off After this D. Roderick joyning his Forces with D. Sancho Manueâ— who Governed the other part of the Province they both together burnt many open Towns in the Territory of Cuidad Rodrigo and returned with a considerable booty That part of the Province which was subject to D. Sancho Manuel was this Year free from any acts of hostility 4. The affairs of Portugal both at Rome and in France continued in the same posture we left them the last Year Francis de Sousâ— Coutinho still continued in Holland much hated by that People The Dutch prepare to make War upon Portugal who looked upon him as a Faithless man for the many assurances he had given them of the Kings quitting Pernambuco which they saw took no Effect Nor was the King and Councill better satisfied with him because of the great Expence he made and small Success of his Negotiation At length the States Ordered Francis de Sousa to depart being resolved to declare War against Portugal to which purpose they fitted up 25 Sail in Zealand sent supplies to Pernambuco and ordered 12 Ships carrying 2800 Souldiers for that Coast Not long after they directed Francis Coutinho to obtain a new Commission from the King for that they had important matters to Treat with him about He Acquainted the King with it and D. John de Menezes who was appointed to succeed him dying he continued there till the following Year Antony de Sousa de Macedo at this time Embassador in England was Ordered to withdraw from that Court that he might not be a witness to the most infamous act that ever subjects committed against their lawfull Sovereign in the unparalelled Murder of King Charles the I. 5. Whilst these things hapned in Europe Progress of the Portuguese A 〈…〉 s in Brazil the Forces at Pernambuco were not idle Sigismund Vanscop as has been said was Arrived at Arrecife and now the Besieged began to think of some Enterprize On the other side Francis Barreto though weak still lived in hopes for he had promise of succours from Bahia and was informed from Lisbon that the King had settled a West-India Company like that of Holland Francis Barreto omitted nothing on his part that could tend to the compassing of his Design Collonel Brink Commanded the Dutch under Vanscop and some Italians that deserted from the Portugueses informing him how weak they were he obtained leave to march into the Field to undertake some considerable Enterprize and dâ—sposed all things in order to it Barreto having notice thereof gathered all his Men that were dispersed repaired his Works ordered the Bridge of St. Bartholomew to be fortified and all the people that attended their Plantations to be ready upon the first Alarm On the 18th of February Collonel Brink marched out with 5000 Foot 700 Pioniers and six pieces of Cannon guarded by 300 Sea-men and advanced towards the Fort Barreta whence without halting they departed towards the Mountains Gararapes upon advice hereof Barreto called a Council of War in which it was resolved to follow and give them Battle and accordingly he set out with 2600 Portugueses Blacks and Indians About four in the Afternoon they reached the Mountains Gararapes and found the Enemy posted on some of them with Guards in the Valleys Some were for Charging them immediately but because the Men were weary it was put off till the next day That Night many of the Inhabitants that were dispersed about the Countrey reinforced the Camp Morning discovered the Enemy in the same posts as the day before and Francis Barreto was resolved to expect they should Attack him Thus they continued till about One in the Afternoon when the Dutch beginning to move Barreto sent Collonel Andrew Vidal along the side of a Hill to possess himself of the Top. John Fernandez Vieyra with 800 Men advanced along the plain betwixt the Hills Both of them met with vigorous opposition but their example animating the Men they put the Enemy to flight in both places Thence they marched at the same time to beat the Enemy from the Top of a Hill which Collonel Brink himself maintained in which place they advanced not much till Brink being shot dead his Men were dismayed and then all fled outright The Portugueses pursued as far as the Fort Barreta the dispute having lasted from two of Clock till eight at Night Of the victors 47 were killed and above 200 were wounded of the Dutch above 2000 were left dead in the Field and among them Collonel Brink the Prisoners and wounded Men were yet more numerous The Dutch Standard 10 Colours six pieces of Cannon and a great quantity of Arms Ammunition and Provisions were taken Francis Barreto having no more Men than just sufficed to carry on the Siege undertook no other Action this Year On the 4th of November sailed from Lisbon to Bahia the first Fleet set out by the new Company The Count de Castello Melhor appointed Governour of Brazil Commanded it and Peter Jaques de Magallaens was to bring it back 6. D. Gaston Coutinho Tangier and India still continued Governour of Tangier and had some small rencounters with the Moors but no Action hapned of moment He repaired the Walls of the City cleared the ditch and settled there the Redemption of Captives which till then was managed at Ceuta In November he resigned the Government to D. Luis Lâ—bo da Sylveyra Baron of Alvito and returned to Lisbon At Marzagao there was nothing remarkable this Year except the death of the Governour The King appointed Nunho da Cunha da Costa to succeed him Neither doth India afford us any thing because the Truce continued with the Dutch and D. Philip Mascarenhas the Vice-Roy was in
maintained upon Grass alone so that it was difficult to make Excursions which added much to the great scarcity of Provisions D. Francis de Noronha Governor of Mazagam sent an Ambassy and Presents to the King of Morocco which was by him honourably received and generously returned D. Francis continued in this Command till the Year 1654 during which time nothing remarkable happened there so that we shall not have occasion to make any mention of him This was the last Year of D. Philip Mascarenhas his Vice-Royship in India and in it there was little remarkable only the Chendarraos a vagabond sort of People in the Country of Hidalcan possessed themselves of the Mount or Promontory of Chaul whence they were drove by the Vice-Roy's Order by D. Alvaro de Atayde This Year two Galeons and a Pink sailed from Portugal to India and the Galeon S. Philip built there arrived at Lisbon Anno 1652. 1. THE Prince who as was said returned to Lisbon the latter end of the last Year The Prince made Captain General of all the Forces in Portugal used all possible means to perswade his Father to send him again to the Frontiers but the King jealous of him could not be worked upon At length to conceal his own Jealousie and disappoint that Design of his Son he appointed him Captain General of all the Forces in the Kingdom thaâ— having the Charge of all he might not apply himself to command in any one Province D. John de Costa neveâ— ceased to harrass the Enemies Frontiers bringing iâ— thence considerable Booty In revenge the Spaniardâ— drove a great Prey from the Territory of Telena and though Lieutenant General Tamericourt marched after them with the Troops of Olivenza they being far beforâ— him got safe into Barcarota Before that place was 〈◊〉 large Field encompassed with a Ditch and lying undeâ— the Cannon and small shot of the Town which the Spaâ—niards believed would secure their Prey However Tamaricourt coming to Barcarota dismounted part of hâ—â— Horse and breaking into the Field before day droâ— away all the Cattel without receiving any considerablâ— Loss The Spaniards sallyed out upon him but suddeâ—â—ly retired and he marching off with the Booty restâ—â—red it to the Country People Neither was he less suâ—â—cessful a few days after when engaging the Troops of Badajoz he took the Spanish Lieutenant General of Horse D. Francis Hibarra with other Officers and 120 Horses The Prince being now Generalissimo sent his Orders to all the Provinces of the Kingdom absolutely forbidding any Incursions to be made for the future into the Spanish Frontiers D. John de Costa upon receipt of this Order replyed to it shewing how disadvantagious it was to the Kingdom by reason of the great Benefit reaped by those inroads for he in the space of two Years had destroyed above 1400 of the Spanish Horse having scarce lost 100 of his own Besides he looked upon this as so great a check to his Authority that he desired leave to lay down his Command The Prince being well satisfyed of D. John's Zeal and Fidelity recalled his Order and the King gave him the Title of Earl of Soure He to appear worthy of this Honour endeavoured to make amends by his Conduct for what he wanted in Strength To this purpose he secretly gathered 1500 Horse from the Neighbouring Garrisons which Lieutenant General Tamericour and Commissary General Duquesne divided betwixt them With these Troops they passed the River Guadiana and lay close in the Wood near Badajoz In the Morning a Squadron of Horse issuing out of the Town according to Custom they were drove back by some of our Troops Fresh Troops seconded the Enemy from the City and they kept in play till D. Alvaro de Viveros took the Field with all the Horse of that place and having drawn them up advanced further then was thought convenient for the safety of the Town Duquesne who was nearest thinking it now time moved towards him with more Courage than Order The Spanish General halted and bravely stood the Charge in which Duquesne received three Wounds and Captain Sancho Dias was kill'd with several Soldiers the rest of the Troops missing their Commander retired with Precipitation Tamericour perceiving this Disorder charged furiously with his formost Troops which being too open in their Ranks made but little Impression but those in the Rear coming up behaved themselves with such Bravery that after a long Dispute they broke the Enemy The Troops of Duquesne and part of those with Tamericour being wholly blinded by the Dust fled to Olivenza believing the rest were cut off Tamericour rallyed the rest marched off with above 200 Horses he had taken from the Prisoners among whom was a Captain of Horse and other Officers The Count de Soure being a strict observer of Discipline commended those that had behaved themselves well and severely checked those that had fled giving the King also a particular Account of the Merits of the former and Demerits of the latter 2. The Viscount de Villa Nova Governor of the Province betwixt Duero and Minho still continued in perfect Tranquility nothing happening in his Command but that Captain Labar a valiant French-Man disorderly with a party of Horse charging another of the Enemy was himself killed and most of his Men wounded The Province Tras os Montes governed by the Count de Antouguia by consent of both Parties was for several Months free from Action Some small Incursions were afterwards made on both sides but none of Note The King having now chose the Count de Penaguiao his Lord Chamberlain to go Ambassador into England appointed the Count de Atouguia to execute his Office and John Mendez de Vasconcellos was sent in his place to govern the Province The most remarkable Action performed this Year by D. Roderick de Castro in his Division of the Province of Beyra was the burning of the Town of Martiago Some Actions in Beira which contained 300 Houses the other Enterprizes were too small to merit any place here D. Sancho Manuel who commanded in the other part of Beyra understanding that a Troop of the Enemies was quartered at Lobeyros and had twice repulsed parties of the Portuguese Militia that ravaged the Country thereabouts ordered the Cornet Dominick Homen with 40 chosen Men to lye in wait for them He sent before some of the Militia to drive the Cattel the Spanish Troop backed by a company of Foot immediately rushed out upon them but the Ensign who was at hand furiously falling in upon the Foot broke them and with the same Success routed the Horse killing many and taking several Prisoners This Success was soon ballanced by a greater disaster for D. Sancho being informed that the Spaniards gathered a great Power in order to break into his Province and not being in a condition to oppose them he thought to divert them by making at the same time an inroad into their Frontiers hoping he might retire to places of safety
in Spain to enjoy the same Priviledges as the English did the Spaniards in Portugal the same they stood possessed of in the time of King Sebastian That all Prisoners on both sides be set at liberty without Ransom That the Portugueses have free passage through all the Dominions of the Catholick King either by Sea or Land That all Controversies arising on account of Trade or otherwise shall be amicably composed betwixt the two Kings without having recourse to Arms. That the King of Portugal if he think fit may be admitted into the League that is betwixt his Catholick Majesty and the King of Great Britain All other points to remain in the same Condition they were in during the Reign of King Sebastian That the King of England be Guarantee for these Articles concluded and Mediator in all such Differences as may happen to arise Upon these Conditions the Peace was concluded betwixt his Catholick Majesty and the King of Portugal through the Interposition and Mediation of the King of Great Britain this was the end of that War which had now continued 28 Years and thus the House of Braganza was established upon the Throne of Portugal The Conclusion of the History HAving now brought the War to this happy Conclusion A word concerning the following Sheets for the House of Braganza it remains we should shew into what Troubles and Confusions they brought themselves to the endangering of the new gotten Kingdom to the ruin of their Head the then King to the perpetal in famy of the disloyal Actors and to the astonishment of all their Neighbours who were spectators of their monstrous proceedings It will not suit with the brevity of this History to clear all the matters of lesser moment which others have handled at large and for the most part with more Partiality then solid Truth Let it suffice that nothing shall be omitted which is worthy of Memory and might seem to influence or promote those alterations that happened in the State The account of the War with Spain has been taken from the best Authors that have treated thereof but in the ensuing Discourse I have not only consulted Authors who as was said before are too Partial or else wanted Information but having had the advantage of living a considerable time in Portugal I have received great Light into those Affairs from several Persons of Prudence and Judgment who were Eye-witnesses to all the Transactions But because it may be offensive to some to lay the Truth too naked I shall abridge the Relation as much as may be giving all the respect to the Living that the Subject will bear without wronging the Dead Nothing of Favour nor Affection can draw my Pen to favour either side as well in regard I am a Stranger to both as for that I can expect no Reward or Interest from those that are deprest but ought rather to mistrust being cryed down by the prevalent Faction Whatever my Fortune is I will not conceal the Truth but to avoid all Reflection will barely relate the matter of fact without discanting upon it King Alfonso in his Infancy when he was but three Years of Age The source of King Alphonso's Misfortunes had been taken with a Palsie which during those very tender Years was hard to be removed but as he grew up in Strength fit Remedies being applyed he became perfectly cured so that no sign of it remained except some small Contraction in his Right Hand This fatal Palsie may be said to have been the very Source of all this unfortunate King's Calamities for though as has been said there was scarce any token of it left in him yet his Enemies made their use of it to perswade the ignorant that it had affected his Brain and that he was consequently become unfit for Government To gain their slaunders the more Reputation they never ceased to accuse him of false Crimes and to blacken in the most odious manner his youthful Oversights and Extravagancies which in themselves were no more then what are daily seen in those raw Years where Power is joyned to heat of Blood The Nobility were averse to him because he was naturally vehement and therefore they feared he would in time crush their Pride and make them sensible of that distance which ought to be betwixt a Monarch and a Subject His Mother a haughty Woman became implacable because being always used to rule she must against her Will resign up the Power to him His Queen it is most likely bore more Affection to his Brother then to him as is visible by the Privacies that passed betwixt them from her first coming into the Kingdom His Brother could not withstand the Temptation of a Crown which by stretching out his Hand might be secured and by delaying too long might have slipt away for ever if the King had either had Issue or out-lived him And in fine the giddy multitude were ever lovers of Change and so artificially prepared by the horrid Reports daily spread against the King that many of them looked upon him no otherwise then as a Monster or a Fury for so was he represented to them and the custom of Portugal is such as their Kings are but little seen by the People The Count de Odemira Governor to the young King His 〈…〉 King John dying and his Queen entering upon the Regency D. Francis de Faro Count of Odemira was appointed Governor to the young King Alphonso who being a Man of excellent parts and allyed to the Blood-Royal omitted nothing that might be conducing to the Improvement of his Charge taking care that he should be 〈◊〉 in such learning as became a Prince and 〈◊〉 into him such notions of Politicks as his Age was capable 〈…〉 was not naturally addicted to study and therefore perhaps made not so great an Improvement as his Governor expected who not considering his Age would perhaps have him to be a Man before his time and therefore was much offended that he would addict himself to the Company of other Boys like himself and follow the Sports used among them But generally speaking the King 's greatest delight was in violent Exercises and particularly in making parties of Boys and seeing them fight Among the rest that used to divert him was one Antony Conti de Vintimiglia the Son of a Genoese Merchant but born at Lisbon who being crafty above his Years by always applauding and furthering the King's Designs so worked himself into his Affection that he took no Delight in any pastime without him Conti knew so well how to improve his Fortune and the King's Favour that at length he became by his continual attendance upon him an Eye-sore to the Count de Odemira and generally to all the Nobility who were jealous that a Man of mean extraction should have the Ear of their Prince fearing he might in time grow up so as to cope with their Grandeur Hereupon the Queen joyned her Authority to that of the Count to forbid
p 306 In Lisbon where the Queen dyes of it p. 270 Pompey subdues many places p. 55 Pope Alexander grants the Investiture of the Kingdom of Portugal to Alonso under a Tribute p 171 Porto rebuilt Its Armes p. 84 Portugal how divided by Augustus p. 71 Governed by Commissioners p. 370 Portuguese Fleet wastes the Island of Cadiz p. 240 Portuguese Army destroyed by the Moors and the King's Standard taken p. 277 Portuguese Ambassadors Brother beheaded for a Murther in England p. 475 Portuguese Army routed p. 293 Portuguese General endeavours to draw away the Spanish Army from Olivenca by giving a diversion p. 492 Portug Army lays siege to Fort S. Christoph near Badajoz p. 495 Portuguese Horse under Count Schombergh routed near Badajoz p. 501 Portuguese Colony at Rio de la Plata in America destroyed by the Spaniards p. 567 Portug Fleet all but one Galley taken by the Castilians p. 246 Portuguese Ambassador at Rome p. 409 Not being admitted returns home p. 422 Portuguese Army in Estremadura p. 423 Portuguese Affairs at Rome p. 434 Portuguese Fleet slips up the River to Lisbon p. 259 Portuguese Nobility insult their King on account of his Favourite p. 146 Portugueses attempting Barcarota repulsed with loss p. 491 Portugueses ravage the Frontiers of Estremadura The same in the Province of Beira They take Codissera p. 431 They attempt Badajoz p. 432 Preamble to the Conclusion p. 529 Presents of the first fruits of India sent to the Pope p. 323 Prime Ministers of Spain resolve to draw the Duke out of Portugal p. 389 Princes Rupert and Maurice fly to Lisbon from the English and are protected p. 457 They put to Sea with a Portuguese Squadron and return without fighting p. 459 Prince proceeds in his disobedience p. 216 Prince marches off with the scattered Army p. 293 Princess governs Spain p. 337 Principal Conspirators seized and punished p. 405 Priscilian the Heretick Condemned p. 88 Proceedings ordered to run in the name of D. John of Portugal p. 397 Proceedings of several Ambassadors p. 460 Prodigies seen in the Sky p. 128 223 375 345 Prodigious Birth p. 91 Progress of the Carthaginians in Spain p. 21 Of the War in the Province of Alentejo p. 411 Of the Portuguese Arms in Brazil p. 455 Prosecution of the War in Brasil p. 442 Protector proclaimed King p. 262 Q. QUeen Luisa prepares to invade Castile p. 494 Her Ambition p. 532 She sets up Peter the Inâ—ante against King Alonso p. 537 The Councel combines with her p. 536 She is forced to resign the Government Pretends to retire but stays at Court in hopes to wrest the Power from her Son p. 537 She the Infante and their party hold Consultations against the K. She is at last forced to retire p. 542 Her Death p. 546 R. RAmiro I. King of Leon his Actions p. 119 Ramiro II. of Castile and Leon destroys a great Army of Infidels p. 128 Ramiro III. succeeds under the tuition of his Mother and Aunt p. 132 Rebels seize the Queen p. 180 Recaredus succeeds He becomes a Catholick p. 97 He dies p. 98 Remarks upon the number eight p. 111 Upon some conceits of the Portuguese Authors p. 152 Remismundus marries the Daughter of Theodoricus p. 92 Ricciarius his Reign p. 88 He is overthrown by Theodoricus King of the Goths His end p. 89 Richila makes himself master of Lusitania and Andaluzia p. 88 Robert Labril and Richard Cambil English â—men with a Fleet of 63 Ships arrive at Lisbon and assist the Portugueses against the Moors p. 177 Roderick last King of the Goths p. 108 He ravishes Florinda the Daughter of Count Julian p. 109 His Army of 120000 Foot and 10000 Horse p. 111 Roderick de Alencastre defeats a Party of Moors at Tangier p. 477 Roderick de Bivar commonly called Cid his Birth p. 139 Roderick de Castro in the Province of Beira p. 454 Romans come into Spain p. 25 Defeated by the Spaniards p. 27 Twice defeated p. 28 Romantick Story of King Ramiro p. 129 Rout of the Christians p. 347 S. SAguntum destroyed p. 24 St. Vincent's Body translated to Lisbon p. 171 Sancho I. of Castile an Usurper called the Faâ— Returns and expels Ordono p. 131 Sancho II. overthrows his Brother Garcia and takes him prisoner p. 147 After subduing Portugal he Conquers Leon and becomeâ— sole monarch p. 14â— Sancho I. King of Portugal succeeds his Father Alonso p. 17â— His Actions under his Father p. 174 He repairs anâ— builds many Towns p. 175 Takes Silves in Algarve with the help of a Foreign Fleet. Subdues Algarve and adds that Title to Portugal p. 176 His Death and Issue p. 179 His Arms. p. 180 Sancho II. King of Portugal ascends the Throne p. 185 He entirely defeats the Moors at Elvâ—â— p. 186 His Subjects ripe for Rebellion tho' he is blameless They cavil at all his Actions p. 188 He is betrayed by all his ministers p. 189 His Brother Alonso made Vicar of the Kingdom by the Rebels He flies to Castile His Death p. 190 His person described p. 191 Sappho the Carthaginian gathers Gold in Spain p. 1â— Schism in the Church p. 247 Sebastian King of Portugal his Birth p. 340 His accession to the Crown Odd Actions of his p. 341 He prepares for an expedition into Africk p. 342 Passes over into Africk Defeats the Moors and returns to Lisbon p. 343 Has an interview with the King of Spain makes preparations for a second Voyage into Africk p. 344 Not to be moved from his resolution p. 345 He and the Nobility embark in a Fleet of 1000 Sail with 18000 Land-men they land at Arzila p. 346 His Character p. 348 Sertorius his origin p. 45 He comes into Lusitania his practices his Warlike exploits p. 46 He is worsted by Pompey and Metellus p. 46 Routed by Metellus p. 50 The Romans sustain great losses by him p. 51 Is again overthrown by Metellus and Pompey p. 52 Recovers and worsts the Romans p. 53 Is murdered p. 54 Several people plant new Colonies p. 17 Great Battles p. 19 Towns founded p. 20 Pretenden to the Crown p. 350 Military expeditions p. 239 406 Persons suffer martyrdom in Japan p. 421 Enterprizes on the Frontiers of Alentejo p. 438 Synods p. 95 Sextus Pompeyus appears again and makes great commotions p. 6â— Sham Conspiracy p. 425 Sicanus succeeds in the Throne p. 10 Sicceleus resigns p. 10 Siculus the next King p. 11 Sidonians in Spain p. 14 Siâ—ns of our Saviour's Birth in Spain p. 72 Silves again recovered p. 187 Single Combat p. 221 Sisâ—butus chosen King p. 99 Sisenandus succeeds in the Throne p. 100 Small incursions made by the Spaniards p. 485 Small incursions in Beira p. 484 〈◊〉 of Egypt threatens Hierusalem p. 319 Some persons apprehended upon a false information of their corresponding with Spain p. 479 Spain divided by the Romans p. 26 Spain and Portugal divide the World betwixt them p. 308 Spaniards return and rout the Consul p.
A few days after he sailed out and the Enemy again standing to Sea they were surprized by so terrible a Storm that all the Fleet was dispersed some Ships drove to Algarve and one falling into the English Fleet was taken The Tempest ceasing the English discovered the Brazil Fleet of which they took 15 sail and Winter coming on returned home This gave the two Princes an opportunity of putting to Sea again after acknowledging the many favours they had received of the King and particularly that of protecting them though contrary to his own interest and the Maxims of State Policy 4. Since the departure of the Marquess de Niza Christipher Soares de Abreu continued at the Court of France Proceedings of several Ambassadors where by reason of the troubles of that Kingdom no further progress was made as to the Affairs of Portugal but the Friendship before Established continued firm All his sollicitations at Rome having proved ineffectual the King now resolved not to trouble the Pope further so that nothing new hapned at that Court Francis de Sousa Coutinho was still Embassador in Holland and dexterously diverted those People from sending supplies to Brasil The States having Endeavoured to corrupt his Secretary that they might see the Kings Letters he improved their artifice to his own Advantage For his Secretary having acquainted him with the overtures made to him he ordered him to consent to them and having filled up several blanks he had under the Kings hand as he thought convenient delivered them to the Secretary who conveyed them to the States and they supposing them to have been the Kings Letters were thereby induced to deferr sending a Fleet they had designed for Brazil It was not long after this when a Servant of his having accidentally Shot a Coachman the Rabble rose and made 3 Assaults upon his House and had certainly Murdered him and his whole Family had he not been relieved by the Prince of Orange his Guards In September Antony de Sousa de Macedo who had been Embassador in England came to the Hague and Francis de Sousa went away to Resâ—â—e as Embassador at the French Court. Since the departure of Antony de Sousa from London there was no Portugues Minister there that whole Kingdom being then in confusion 5. We left Francis Barreto the Portugues General in Brazil Twice Victorious over the Dutch The War in Brazil prosecuted in the Mountains Gararapes Sigismund Vanscop the Dutch Commander thinking this success had rendred the Portugueses less vigilant made a sally at break of Day upon the quarter of Captain Antony Borges Vchoa who having Notice of his approach received him so warmly without his works that he was soon Forced to retire leaving many of his Men dead behind him The Dutch General made many other Sallies both before and after this but none considerable till the 7th of October when he attempted the quarter of Captain Emanuel de Aguiar with all the Foot in the Garrison but neither here was his Success any better than in the former Attempt On the 15th of December they again Marched out and lay close in ambush near the Salt-pits but the Portugueses having intimation of the Place they lay in attacked them there and after a Vigorous resistance put them to flight with considerable Slaughter In these and the like attempts the Year was Spent the Enemy still decreasing in power as receiving no supplies from Holland our Embassador Francis de Sousa artificially diverting all that were designed for them 6. The Baron de Alvito who governed Tangier knowing the chief support of that place consisted in the booties brought in from the Countrey Tangier and India ceased not to surprize the Moors in several parts and brought home considerable preys which was a great relief to the Garrison Nunho da Cunha did the same at Marzagao and in one incursion killed 300 Infidels and brought away 47 Captives D. Francis de Noronha succeeded him in that post and entred upon his Command with no less success than his Predecessor went off In India D. Philip Mascarenhas was still Vice-Roy and this being the last Year of the Truce with the Hollanders they seemed inclined to attempt the Kingdom of Jafanapatan before it was expired This obliged the Vice-Roy to send a Fleet under the Command of D. Roderick de Monsanto to the relief of that place but the Dutch attempting nothing the Fleet returned to Goa The Count de Aveyras sailed from Lisbon this Year to be the second time Vice-Roy of India but he died by the way Four Ships and two Caravels were sent this Year for India Anno 1651. 1. D. John da Costa governed the Province of Alentejo Enterprizes on the Frontiers of Alentejo as was said the last Year during the absence of the Count de St. Lorenzo which continued till the Year 1657. Through the negligence of the Commissaries of the stores Forrage grew so scarce on the Frontiers that several Troops of Horse were forced to retire from Elvas and Campo Mayor farther into the Countrey The Spaniards made their advantage of this opportunity for a Party of 1200 Horse and 600 Foot from Badajoz carried away a great booty from the Territory of Villaboim there being no Troops in readiness to oppose them To revenge this loss D. John da Costa ordered Andrew de Albuquerque General of the Horse with 1000 of them and 800 Foot to make himself Master of Salvatierra which is six Leagues from Olivenza and where the Spanish Commissary-General John de Rozales then was with some Troops Andrew de Albuquerque assembled his Troops at Olivenza and marched with such secrecy to Salvatiera that he had secured all the avenues before the Enemy heard of his approach The Foot broke into the Town with little opposition and with as little took the Castle where they made 100 Horse Prisoners The booty was very considerable the Town consisting of 400 Houses Andrew de Albuquerque returned to Olivenza having lost but three Men in this Action for certain Troops of the Enemy that appeared served only to be Witnesses of the burning of the Town Some few days after D. John da Costa lay in ambush to cut off the Troops of Badajoz that used to come out to Forrage between the Rivers Guadiana and Caya but they not going out that day his Design was disappointed His Horse being now much out of Case for want of Forrage the scarcity till continuing he studied all means how to disable the Enemies Troops Being informed that they had turned 400 Horses to grass near Medellen which is 16 Leagues from Campo Mayor he gave charge to Captain Emanuel de Saldanha to endeavour to destroy them Saldanha committed this Enterprize to his Lieutenant Francis Lobo who set forward twice with only 10 Men to put this in Execution but discovering parties of the Enemy both times he was forced to return The third time he went through and having defeated 15 Men that guarded the
250 Horse and 200 Foot marched to Caravajales and passing by that place without Opposition burnt the Town of Tavora and 19 Villages returning with a great Booty Soon after 500 Spanish Foot and 150 Horse having gathered all the Cattle about Ifanes Antony Jaques set upon them with a lesser number yet with such Valour that few of the 500 Foot escaped being kill'd or taken The People of Gallicia offered John Mendez a Cessation of Arms which he accepted of but the King not approving of it it was of no Continuance 2. John de Mello Feyo Small incursions in Beâ—â—â—a governing that part of Beira which was before subject to D. Roderick de Castro resolved not to be idle Having borrowed 150 Horse of Nuno da Cunha who Commanded in the other part of the Province and joyned them to Six Troops of his own and a Regiment of Foot he marched to Villa Vieja Nine Leagues from the Frontiers towards Cuidad Rodrigo After plundering Villa Vieja he charged a body of 300 Spanish Horse and as many Foot that was gathered to oppose him and after a Vigorous resistance made by them in so much that at the first his party seemed to decline he put them to flight pursuing them as far as S. Felices Antony Soares da Costa Governour of the Castle of Salvaterra held a friendly correspondence which is allowed of in time of War between Gentlemen A doâ—ble piâ—ce of Treachery tho' serving in opposite parties with D. Alfonso de Sande a Spanish Officer This familiarity increasing D. Alfonso took occasion to make proposals to Antony Soares for delivering up that Castle to the King of Spain promising him large rewards for that Service Antony Soares pretending an Inclination to comply carryed on the Negotiation till he obtained a Letter from D. Lewis de Haro prime Minister of Spain with a scedule under that Kings hand containing Large promises if he delivered the place Having received these assurances he resolved to Revenge the wrong done to his Reputation in attempting his Fidelity He agreed with D. Alfonso to receive him with 30 more into the Castle of Salvaterra in disguize as if they came thither to Trade leaving the rest of the Troops belonging to Alcantara ready in a Wood hard by The day being appointed D. Alfonso came according to agreement and a small wicket of the Castle was opened at which the 30 entred one at a time the entrance not being capable of admitting more at once As every one was let in Antony Soarez caused his brains to be dashed out with a Club and in this manner cruelly butchered all the 30 reserving only D. Alfonso de Sande whom after sending an account to the King of his barbarity he inhumanly tyed to the mouth of a Canon and giving fire to it shattered his body into atoms Antony Soarez might have been faithfull to his King without committing an act so full of horror which he himself could not but have abominated if committed by the most barbarous Infidels and which cannot but appear execrable in the sight of all that profess the name of Christians 3. The Portuguese Affairs in other parts of Europe continued much in the same posture we left them For the several proposalls made in France for concluding a League offensive and defensive all came to nothing Nothing of moment done in forreign courts or at Tangier Nor could there any thing be done at Rome the Pope being fully bent against passing the Bulls for the Portuguese Bishops The Dutch had resolved to revenge the Loss of Pernambuco upon the Trade of Portugal but the plague which raged amongst them disappointed their designs In England the Peace was concluded and ratifyed with the Usurper America yield us no subject for History since the Expulsion of the Hollanders out of Brazil where the Count de Atouguia was supream governour Neither is there much to be said of Africk where D. Roderick de Alencastre still Governed Tangier which was this year Three days beset by 10000 Moors under the Command of Gaylan who did no other harm save the spoiling of some gardens D. Francis de Noronha Governour of Mazagao having obtained leave to return home left that Command to Nuno da Cunha who had held it before and he dying the King sent Alexander de Sousa Freyre to succeed him 4. The Count de Sarzedas was sent this Year Vice-Roy into India Considerable losses of the Portugueses in India who arriving at Goa secured D. Bras de Castro and all those that had any hand in the imprisonment of the Count de Obides sending them to Portugal there to receive the punishment due to their crimes He next applyed himself with great care to regulating all disorders in that government and to releive Ceilon then in distress but death cut him off in the midst of his progress which we may conclude to be the principall cause of the loss of that Island the manner whereof we are now to declare tho' the surrender was not tilâ— the following year 1656. At the beginning of this Year Gaspar Figuegra de Serpa had waged War so successfully upon the King of Candia that he had reduced him to Peace The Dutch layed siege to Calature and continued before it 10 days at the End whereof finding themselves too weak to carry it they departed Before D. Bras de Castro was deposed from the government of India he sent Antony de Sousa to succeed Francis de Mello in the Government of Ceilon with Six Galliots and Two pinks laden with provisions and other necessaries Meeting Two Dutch Men of War these small Vessels were dispersed Two of them ran ashore two made their way to Columbo and Antony de Sousa with Two more got into Jafanapatan Thence he went by Sea to the Port Putelao 15 Leagues from Columbo where Antony Mendez Aranha met and conducted him safe by Land to that City into which he was received with great joy and Francis de Mello put him in possession of the government Twelve Dutch Men of War arrived at Ceilon from Batavia Six of them lay before the Barr of Columbo the other Six made their way to Calature where Landing their men they layed Seige to it and the place being very ill provided after the Garrison had endured the utmost Extremities it was at last surrendred upon honourable Termes Gaspar Figueyra de Serpa not knowing that Calature was lost advanced with 500 Portugueses to endeavour to put some succour into it but being attacked by 1600 Dutch was totally routed and many of his men killed The Hollanders pursuing their Victory came and sate down before Columbo raised Four batteries and playing continually with 12 peices of heavy Canon ruined not only the houses but the works of the Town and gave a furious assault to the Fort Sancta Cruz yet without success for they were repulsed with considerable Loss At the same time severall other attacks were carryed on with great obstinacy insomuch that at last
the Dutch broke into the City where they found no less opposition than without most of them that entred being either killed or wounded At length they were repulsed in all parts with the loss of near 1000 men This discouraged not the Dutch who still carryed on their works with great diligence raising new batteries and lodging themselves upon the edge of the ditch Then they fell to mining which the besieged understanding they countermined and drove them out of all their subterraneous works These losses made the Enemy alter their resolutions and change the Siege into a blockade whereupon the Governour turned out 300 persons that were not fit for Service whereof about 200 escaped into the Mountains The Dutch having received considerable supplies carry on their works anew and again fall to battering of the place incessantly Embassadors from the King of Candia were conducted through the Enemies Camp into the City where they demanded it should be put into the hands of their Master All the answer they received was by thrusting them out of the gates Though they shewed this resolution the City began to be infected with the stench of the dead who were not well buried and Famine raged so violently that it was proved that Mothers had eaten their own Children Gerard Huld the Dutch Generall being killed by a shot in the Head the Governor of Galé who succeeded him in that Command fearing least another General might come and rob him of the Honour of taking the Place carryed on his Works and plyed his Batteries so briskly that several large Breaches were made On the 7th of May 1656. he assaults St. John's Bulwark and carrying it with the same heat enters a new Fort that was raising thence the Dutch venture to break into the Town whence after a long dispute they were beat out and the Besieged following their Advantage recovered the Fort and Bulwark yet fresh Enemies coming on the Dutch again made themselves masters of the latter and lodged themselves therein That Night the Governor of the Town being informed that two Women had eaten their own Children caused them to be shot to pieces at the mouth of great Guns Next Day seeing it impossible to maintain the Place he call'd a Council where it was resolved to surrender After some Debates the Articles were agreed upon which were honourable to the Besieged and in pursuance to them the Governor marched out with only 94 Officers and Soldiers and 100 Towns-men The Hollanders committed all manner of Sacriledge in the Town and without regard to their Articles plunder'd those few Towns-men and Soldiers that were left alive But from so infamous a Nation nothing but Villany can be expected The Count de Sarzedas Vice-Roy of India dying as was said before upon opening the Patents of Succession it appeared that Emanuel Mascarenhas Homem was to fill his Place Four Ships and one Caravel sailed this Year from Lisbon to India Anno 1656. 1. THE King's Distempers which had long molested him No military Exploits of moment this Year daily increased yet he omitted not to apply himself to the Cares of the Government The War was still carryed on with so little Vigour on both sides that nothing occurs this Year but some few Incursions more like Robberies than military Exploits and the consequence of them inconsiderable Skirmishes whereof so many have been already related in the foregoing Years that to say more of them will only serve to nauseate and tire the Reader This quiet was general throughout all the Provinces of the Kingdom and enabled them the better to bear the Storm that ensued after the King's Death for the Spaniards then altering their measures the following Years were full of Action considerable Armies appeared in the Field Bloody Battles were fought and the Portugueses in the end obtained glorious Victories 2. Francis de Sousa Coutinho Negotiations abroad continued still Ambassador at the French Court and maintained the good Correspondence that has always been betwixt that Crown and Portugal The King being desirous before his Death to have his Ambassador admitted by the Pope ordered Francis de Sousa to go in that quality to Rome He obeyed and though assisted by all the interest of France and appearing with as great a Train as any other Ambassador could never obtain to be admitted as such by his Holiness Antony Raposo who resided with the same Character in Holland having received a Letter from the Arch-Duke Leopold iâ—â—â—ting him to discover the Secrets of his Master upon proâ—â—â—e of great Reward sent the Letter to the King The Dutch with the goods News of their Success in Ceylon began to forget their loss at Pernambuco and consequently appeared more favourable to Antony Raposo Francis Ferreyra Rebello who resided in England after the Ratification of the Peace had no Business of moment The Count de Atouguia governed Brazil much beloved and esteemed by the Inhabitants for his Generosity and good Conduct 3. At the beginning of this Year D. Ferdinand de Menezes The Count de Ericeyra succeeds D. Roderick de Castro in the Government of Tangier Count de Ericeyra was sent Governor of Tangier With him went 11 Caravels with recruits of Men and Horses Cloaths and Provisions for the Garrison D. Roderick de Castro having put him into possession of the Government departed and arrived again at Lisbon with the 11 Caravels that carryed the new Governor As soon as the Count had viewed the Garrison he marched out against the Moors and having drawn them within the reach of his Entrenchments where he had placed his Foot with some pieces of Canon made a considerable slaughter among them In May the English Fleet under the command of Montague and Blake appeared before Tangier and asked leave to water which was granred them but they going ashore disorderly some of them were killed by the Moors The Fleet being gone the Count set out his Horse to burn the Corn the Moors had sowed about Tangier which was effectually performed but the Moors pressing hard upon those who had fired it recovered the Cattle they were driving to Tangier Alexander de Sousa governed Mazagao but that place affords nothing but the usual skirmishes with the Moors What happened in India was related the last Year and this furnishes nothing new only two Ships sailed thither this Year 4. The King growing daily more and more infirm The King 's last Sickness and Death and still continuing his Custom of Hunting once a Week went out accordingly on the 25th of October but feeling a great pain in his Side returned home before Noon Some days were spent by the Physicians in applying all sorts of Medicines they thought proper but his Distemper still increasing he at length made his Will and received the Viaticum with great Resignation Those few days he lived after this Preparation were spent in Devotions for the most part and the rest in giving advice to the Queen the Princes his Counsellors Generals and
Germans having made their way through the Right were falling in upon the Left wing The Portugues General perceiving the danger sent Count Schomberg the Count de St. Lorenco and other chief Officers to give a check to the Enemy These having gathered the dispersed Troops and drawn fresh succours from all sides restored the Fight yet so that both wings were joyned together and so pressed the harder upon the Spanish Troops almost tired with the fatigue of the long Service Hereupon the Marquess of Carazena who from a Hill viewed the Action and gave orders seeing his Left wing born down sent orders to James Correa who Commanded on the Right either to come immediately to the relief of the Left or else by charging upon the Left of the Portugueses to draw them away to him Correa obeyed not his orders whether through cowardice or Treachery or that the ground would not permit is uncertain Thus the Italians and Germans being forsaken by their Friends and beset on all sides by their Enemies were almost all cut off yet dyed not unrevenged having made a great slaughter and amidst the multitude slain many Officers of note Count Schomberg narrowly escaping when his Horse was killed under him Now at length the Spanish Right wing came on after their Left was utterly lost but it was a matter of much difficulty to charge over the heaps of dead Bodies and scatter'd Arms. Besides the Horse were gauled by the scattering Companies of Foot who with their Pikes discomposed and broke their Ranks so that they were forced to wheel often and rather defend themselves then offend their Enemies At length being seconded by their Foot they gave such a violent Charge that the Portugueses who had stood long to it before with various Fortune fainting began again to decline till their General the Count of Castanheda seeing that was the last effort coming in with his Guards and what Troops he could gather and acting the part of a Soldier as well as of a General inspir'd new Courage into them and restored the Fight In this Heat when the Success stood doubtful two things concurred to bestow the Victory on the Portuguese One was the taking of James Correa General of the Spanish Horse the other that the Swissers serving in the Spanish Army being discontented for want of their pay went over to them The Spanish Horse dismayed at these two unexpected Accidents immediately fell off the Portugueses pressing upon them yet so as not being suffer'd to pursue the others rather retired then fled Nothing remained now but the Foot who being beset for that Count Schomberg had seized all the advantagious Posts The Spanish Army totally routed sought desperately having scarce any hopes left to escape The Fight had lasted seven Hours and both sides being tired both the Spanish Horse and Foot because the Portuguese did not pursue marched off with Speed and began to gather up such as had fled farther so that they made a considerable Body Count Castanheda unwilling to suffer so great a Party to escape sent Vasconcellos and John de Silva with some Troops of Horse who wheeling about a Monastery fell in with them and stayed their March till the Count came up with the rest of the Army The Spaniards being thus enclosed without hope of safety either by fighting or flying were finally overthrown and cut to pieces About 4000 Foot of several Nations who before the Spaniards were enclosed had retired to a place of Strength seeing the whole Army lost surrendered upon Discretion Near 1000 more who had fled to the Woods were either taken or perished there In all about 5000 of the Spaniards are reported to have been killed and not fewer taken and of both sorts were many Officers of Note Nor was the Victory cheaply bought above 2000 of the Victors being slain among which were several remarkable Persons This was the decisive Battle of Montesclaros which finally settled the Crown upon the Head of the new King of Portugal The Marquess of Carazena seeing all lost made his way to Villaviciosa where he ordered the Forces he had left there to continue the Siege to rise from before the Place least they should be overwhelmed by the Victorious Army They with all speed drew off their Artillery and marching in good Order though often attacked by the Portugueses made gooâ— their Retreat first to Jurumenha and thence to Badajoz whither the small remainder of the Army was fled Thus the Marquess in his old Age tarnished that Reputation he had gained in his Youth 6. This great Battle was the last Action of Note King Philip of Spain's Death that concluded the War betwixt Spain and Portugal for this Year on the 17th of October dyed Philip the IV. King of Spain leaving that Crown to his Son Charles II. then but four Years of Age and the Government being in the Queen his Mother she soon after concluded a Peace with Portugal Having now put an end to the War we shall in the few remaining Years have occasion only to treat of the Deposition of King Alphonso which insued and the tendencies to it 7. However to the end that Narration may be no ways interrupted though this be not exactly the proper place we will proceed without interruption to what remains Great debates had been at the Court of Madrid after the death of King Philip upon the subject of Peace or War Not only the multitude but even the most considerable of the Nobility considering the great Expence the many Losses and the little Progress made in the War were inclinable to Peace The Queen her self was for it but politick seemed averse the better to discover the dispositions of the People Nor would she seem to comply with their desires alone till the English Ambassador then Resident at Madrid had signified to her that unless she would hearken to some Proposals of Peace the King his Master should be obliged to protect and defend his Brother the King of Portugal with all his Forces both by Sea and land These Threats joyn'd to the general consent of her own Subjects at length drew the Queen to assent to a Treaty By her the King of England was chosen Mediator and Guarantee for the Treaty and Peace that was to ensue Commission was given to the Marquess del Carpio then a Prisoner at Lisbon to make the Overtures and Treat with full Power Not to enter into the tedious Transactions of the Treaty or to â—â—ll up too much space with the Articles at large the substance of them whereupon the Peace was finally concluded was this That both Kings should restore all Places taken during the War which either of them possest appertaining to the jurisdiction of the other except Ceuta on the Coast of Africk which the Marquess del Carpioâ— â—â—served to his King That all Confiscations made during the War should be restored by the Peace That all Trade and Commerce should be free betwixt the two Crowns and the Portugueses