Extraction and long Line of just Descent his Majesty now raigning excells all the Monarchs of all the Christian if not of the whole World Is the first Prince of Great Britain so born and hath in possession larger Dominions than any of his Ancestors He was born the 29th of May 1630. at the Royal Palace of St. James over which House the same day at Noon was by thousands seen a star and soon after the Sun suffered an Eclipse a sad presage as some then divined that this Princes Power should for some time be eclipsed and some subject signified by a star should have extraordinary splendor Was christened the 27th June following by the then Bishop of London Doctor Land Had for Godfathers his two Uncles Lewis the 13th King of France and Frederick Prince Palatine of the Rhine then called King of Bohemia represented by the Duke of Richmond and Marquiss Hamilton his Godmother being his Grandmother then Queen Mother of France represented by the Dutchesse of Richmond Had for Governess Mary Countess of Dorset Wife to Edward Earl of Dorset In May 1638 he was first knighted and immediately after he was made Knight of the Garter and installed at Windsor About this time by Order not Creation he was first called Prince of Wales and had all the profits of that Principality and divers other lands annexed and Earldom of Chester granted unto him and held his Court apart from the King At the Age of Eight he had for Governour the Earl afterwards Marquiss and now Duke of Newcastle and for Tutor or Preceptor Doctor Duppa then Dean of Christchurch after Bishop of Salisbury and lately of Winchester At the Age of 12 was with the King his Father at the Battel of Edge-hill and soon after at Oxford was committed to the care of the Marquiss of Hertford About 14 years old was in the Head of an Army in the West of England At the Age of 15 a Marriage was proposed between him and the Eldest Daughter of the King of Portugal the Infanta Joanna since deceased Two years after was from Cornwall transported to the Isle of Scilly and after to Jersey and thence to his Royal Mother to St. Germains near Paris In 1648 was at Sea with some Naval Forces endeavouring to rescue the King his Father then in the Isle of Wight out of the wicked hands of his rebellious Subjects Not many moneths after upon the sad News of the horrid Murther of his Royal Father he was in Holland first saluted King and soon after proclaimed in Scotland being not yet 19 years of Age. At the Age of 20 from Holland he landed in Scotland June 1650 and in January following was crowned at Scoon The 3d of September 1651 fought the Battel of Worcester whence after the unfortunate loss of his whole Army wandring in disguise about England for six weeks he was at length transported from a Creek near Shoram in Sussex to Fecam near Havre de Grace in France in which Kingdom with his Royal Brothers and divers English Nobility Clergy and Gentry he was for some years received and treated as King of England and by his mediations and interest with the Prince of Conde and Duke of Lorraine then in the Head of two great and mighty Armies against the French King quenched the then newly kindled fires of a great and universal rebellion against him much resembling that of England and was a means of recalling the then fled and banished Cardinal Mazarine After which in Germany Flanders Spain c. he passed the residue of his time in the Studies and Exercises most befitting a Prince in solliciting the Aid of Christian Princes and in advising and vigorously promoting the several attempts of his Friends in England until the year 1660 at which time being at Brussells within the Spanish Territories and perceiving a general inclination and disposition of all England to receive him he providently removed himself to Breda within the Dominions of the United Netherlands in the moneth of April and thence in May to the Hague from whence after a magnificent Entertainment and an humble Invitation by English Commissioners sent from the then Convention at Westminster he embarkt at Schevling the 23th of May 1660 and with a gallant English Fleet and a gentle gale of Wind landed the 25th at Dover and on the 29th following being his Birth-day and then just 30 years of Age he entred into London and was there received with the greatest and most universal Joy and Acclamations and Magnificence that could possibly be expressed on so short a warning On the first of June following His Majesty fate in Parliament and on the 22th of April 1661 rode in triumph from the Tower to Westminster on the next day being St. Georges was crowned with great Ceremony On the 28th of May following declared to his Parliament his Resolution to marry the Infanta of Portugal who accordingly in May 1662 being landed at Portsmouth was there espoused to the King by the then Bishop of London now Archbishop of Canterbury Of the present Queen of England DONNA CATHERINA Infanta of Portugal being Queen Consort of England and the Second Person in the Kingdom was Daughter of Don Juan the Fourth of that Name King of Portugal descended from our English John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster and King of Castile and Jean Fourth Son of Edward the third King of England and of Donna Lucia Daughter of Don Guzman el bueno a Spaniard Duke of Medina Sidonia who was lineally descended from Ferdinando de la Cerde and his Consort Blanche to whom St. Lewis King of France her Father relinquisht his Right and Title to Spain descended to him by his Mother Blanche eldest Daughter and Heir of Alphonso the Spanish King She was born the 14th of November 1638 at Villa Vicosa in Portugal she was baptized Catherina signifying in Greek Pure her Father being then Duke of Braganza though right Heir of the Crown of Portugal the most potent Subject in Europe for a third part of Portugal was then holden of him in Vassallage and is only Sister at present of Don Alphonso the Sixth of that Name and 23th King of Portugal born 1643. Hath one Brother more called Don Pedro born 1648. Had another Brother called Don Theodosio the eldest Son of that King who was the most gallant and hopeful Prince of all Europe but died 1653 aged but 18 years yet his life thought worthy to be written by divers grave Authors of Portugal Having been most carefully and piously educated by her Mother and at the age of 22 desired in Marriage by King CHARLES the Second and the Marriage not long after concluded by the Negotiation of Don Francisce de Melo Conde de Ponte Marquis de Sande and then Extraordinary Ambassadour of the King of Portugal and solemnized at Lisbon She embarkt for England upon the 23th of April 1662 being the Festival of St. George Patron as well of Portugal as England and was safely
his Subdean is Doctor Jones whose Fee is 100 l. yearly The Fee of each Priest and Clerk of the Chappel is 70 l. yearly The Clerk of the Closet is Doctor Blandford Bishop of Oxford hath no Fee The Lord High Almoner is Doctor Henchman Bishop of London hath no Fee his Sub-Almoner is Doctor Perinchef whose Fee is 6 l. 6 s. 10 d. Of the Civil Government of His Majesties Houshold FOr the Civil Government of the Kings Court the Chief Officer is the Lord Steward quasi Stede ward Locum tenens called also in the time of Henry 8. the Great Master of the Kings Houshold after the French Mode but Primo Mariae and ever since called the Lord Steward of the Kings Houshold He hath Authority over all Officers and Servants of the Kings House except those of His Majesties Chappel Chamber and Stable c. He judgeth of all disorders committed in the Court or within the Verge which is every way within 12 miles of the chief Tunnel of the Court only London by Charter is exempted for the Law having an high esteem of the dignity of the Kings settled Mansion House laid out such a Plot of ground about his House as a half-pace or Foot-Carpet spread about the Kings Chair of Estate that ought to be more cleared and void than other places to be subject to a special exempted jurisdiction depending on the Kings Person and Great Officers that so where the King comes there should come with him Peace and Order and an Awfulness and Reverence in mens hearts besides it would have been a kind of eclipsing of the Kings Honour that where the King was any Justice should be sought but immediately from the Kings own Officers and therefore from very antient times the Jurisdiction of the Verge hath been executed by the Lord Steward with great Ceremony in the nature of a peculiar Kings Bench and that not only within but without the Kings Dominions for so it is recorded that one Engleam of Nogent in France for stealing Silver dishes out of the House of Edward 1. King of England then at Paris after the matter had been debated in the Council of the King of France touching the Jurisdiction and ordered that the King of England should enjoy this Kingly Prerogative of his Houshold was condemned by Sir Robert Fitz-John then Steward to the King of England and hanged in St. Germans Fields The Lord Steward is a White Staffe Officer for he in the Kings Presence carrieth a White Staffe and at other times going abroad it is carried by a Foot-man bare-headed At the death of the King over the Hearse made for the Kings Body he breaketh this Staffe and thereby dischargeth all the Officers whom the succeeding King out of his meer grace doth re-establish each one in his former Office This eminent Emploiment is now enjoyed by James Duke of Ormond Lord Lieftenant of Ireland whose Fee is 100 l. yearly and 16 Dishes daily each Meal with Wine Beer c. The next Officer is the Lord Chamberlain who hath the over-sight of all Officers belonging to the Kings Chamber except the Precincts of the Kings Bed-Chamber which is wholy under the Groom of the Stool and all above Stairs who are all sworn by him or his Warrant to the Gentlemen Ushers to the King He hath also the over-sight of the Officers of the Wardrobes at all his Majesties Houses and of the removing Wardr or of Beds of the Tents Revels Musick Comedians Hunting and of the Messengers of the Trumpetters Drummers of all Handy-Crafts and Artisans retained in the Kings Service Moreover he hath the over-sight of the Heraulds and Pursivants and Sergeants at Arms of all Physitians Apothecaries Surgeons Barbers c. To him also belongeth the over-sight of the Chaplains though himself be a Lay-man contrary in this particular to the Antient Custom of England and Modern Custom of all other Kingdoms where Ecclesiastiques are never under the ordering of Lay-men The Fee of the Lord Chamberlain of the Kings House is 100 l. yearly and 16 Dishes each Meal with all the Appurtenances This Office is now in the hands of Edward Montague Lord Montague and Earl of Manchester Most of the above-named Offices and Places are in the Gift and Disposal of the Lord Chamberlain The Third Great Officer of the Kings Court is the Master of the Horse antiently called Comes Stabuli or Constable to whom a higheâ— Employment and Power was then given and this taken from him This great Officer hath now the ordering and disposal of all the Kings Stables and Races of Horses and had heretofore of all the Posts of England He hath also the power over Escuiries and Pages over the Footmen Grooms Riders of the Great Horses Farriers Smiths Coach-men Sadlers and all other Trades working to the Kings Stables to all whom he or by his Warrant the Avener giveth an Oath to be true and faithful He hath the Charge of all Lands and Revenues appointed for the Kings breed of Horses and for Charges of the Stable and for Litters Coaches Sumpter Horses c. Also for the Charges of Coronations Marriages Entries Cavalcades Funerals c. He only hath the Priviledge to make use of any Horses Pages Foot-men belonging to the Kings Stable At any Solemn Cavalcade he rides next behind the King and leads a Lear Horse of State This great honour is now enjoyed by George Monk Duke of Albemarle in consideration of his unparalleld Services to the King to his Crown and Dignity at a juncture of time when his Affairs and Friends were in a very desperate condition His yearly Fee is 666 l. 16 s. 4 d. Under these Three Principal Officers of His Majesties Houshold are almost all the other Officers and Servants First under the Lord Steward in the Compting-House is the Treasurer of the Houshold Comptroller Cofferer Master of the Houshold Two Clerks of the Green-Cloth Two Clerks Comptrollers One Sergeant Two Yeomen The Cofferers Clerk The Groom Two Messengers It is called the Compting-House because the Accompts for all Expences of the Kings Houshold are there taken daily by the Lord Steward the Treasurer the Comptroller the Cofferer the Master of the Houshold the two Clerks of the Green Cloth and the two Clerks Comptrollers who also there make Provisions for the Houshold according to the Law of the Land and make Payments and Orders for the well governing of the Servants of the Houshold In the Compting-House is the Green-Cloth which is a Court of Justice continually sitting in the Kings House composed of the Persons last mentioned whereof the three first are usually of the Kings Privy Council To this Court being the first and most ancient Court of England is committed the charge and oversight of the Kings Court Royal for matters of Justice and Government with Authority for maintaining the Peace within 12 miles distance wheresoever the Court shall be and within the Kings House the power of correcting all the Servants therein that
Quarter to wait on the Kings Person within doors and without so long as His majesty is on foot and when the King eats in the Privy Chamber they wait at the Table and bring in his Meat They wait also at the reception of Embassadours and every Night two of them lie in the Kings Privy-Chamber A Gentleman of the Privy-Chamber by the Kings Commandment onely without any written Commission is sufficient to arrest any Peer of England Grooms of the Privy Chamber in Ordinary in number 6 all Gentlemen of Quality these as all Grooms wait without Sword Cloak or Hat whereas the Gentlemen wear alwayes Cloak and Sword In the Presence Chamber Gentlemen-Ushers daily Waiters in Ordinary are 4 whereof the first hath the Office of Black Rod and in time of Parliament is to attend every day the Lords House and is also Usher of the Honourable Order of the Garter They are now Sir John Ayton Sir Edward Carteret Richard March Sir James Mercer Tho. Duppa Assistant Daily Waiter Their Office is to wait in the Presence Chamber and to attend next the Kings Person and after the Lord Chancellour and the Vice-Chamberlain to order all affairs and to obey these are all Under-Officers above Stairs Gentlemen Ushers Quarter Waiters in Ordinary in number 8 these wait also in the Presence Chamber and are to give directions to the Grooms and Pages and other under Officers who are to attend in all servile Offices next to the Grooms The Grooms of the Great Chamber are 12 the Pages of the Presence Chamber 4. Cup-Bearers in Ordinary James Halsal Charles Littleton Sir William Fleetwood Sir Philip Palmer Mr. Ayrskyn Carvers in Ordinary 4. Sewers in Ordinary 4. Esquires of the Body in Ordinary 4. Their Office to guard the Kings Person by Night to set the Watch and give the Word and keep good Order in the whole House by Night as the Lord Chamberlain and his other Officers are to do by Day Groom Porter Col. Offley His Office to see the Kings Lodgings furnisht with Tables Chairs Stools Firing to furnish Cards Dice c. to decide disputes arising at Cards Dice Bowlings c. Sergeants at Arms 16 all Gentlemen Chaplains in Ordinary 4 for every Moneth as followeth January Dr. Sandcroft Dr. Brideock Dr. Jos Beaumont Dr. Colebrand February Dr. Peirce Dr. Shute Dr. Duport Dr. Cradock March Dr. Crofts Dr. Reeves Dr. Brough Dr. Bell. April Dr. Maine Dr. Gullston Dr. Stillingfleet Dr. Creighton May. Dr. Fell Dr. Sudbury Dr. Crey Dr. Bathurst June Dr. Wood Dr. Carlton Dr. Basire Dr. Neale July Dr. Cartwright Dr. Castillian Dr. Smith Dr. John Loyd August Dr. Fleetwood Dr. Gunning Dr. Thorne Dr. Offly September Dr. Pearson Dr. Bolton Dr. Perinchief Dr. Tillotson October Dr. Ovtram Dr. Meuse Dr. Tho. Tulley Dr. Smallwood November Dr. Allestree Dr. Benson Dr. Geo. Beaumont Dr. Will. Loyd December Dr. Hodges Dr. Hardye Dr. Ball Dr. Lamplagh These 48 Chaplains in Ordinary are usually Doctors in Divinity and for the most part Deans or Prebends and all principal Predicators Messengers of the Chamber in Ordinary first 2 Clerks of the Check then 40 more in all 42. Musitians in Ordinary 62. Trumpeters in Ordinary and Kettle Drummers are in all 15. Drummers and Fifes 7. Of Wardrobes the King hath besides the Great Wardrobe now in the Savoy whereof Edward Earl of Sandwich is Master divers standing Wardrobes at Whitehall Windsor Hampton-Court the Tower of London Greenwich c. whereof there are divers Officers Lastly removing Wardrobes whereof there is one Yeoman 2 Grooms and 2 Pages Jewel House Sir Gilbert Talbot Master and three Under Officers called Yeoman and Grooms Whose Office is to take Charge of all Vessels of Gold or Silver gilt for the King and Queens Table of all Plate in the Tower of Chains and loose Jewels not fixt to any Garment Physitians in Ordinary to His Majesties Person are Sir Alexander Fraser Sir John Baber Doctor Clark Doctor Hinton Physitians in Ordinary to the Houshold Doctor Waldron Doctor Scarborough for the Tower of London Apothecaries 2 one for the Kings Person and one for the Houshold Chirurgeons 6. Barbers 2. Printers 2. Bookbinder 1. Taylers 2. Hydrographer 1. Stationer 1. In the Office of the Tents Toyles Hales and Pavilions 2 Masters 4 Yeomen 1 Groom 1 Clerk Comptroller 1 Clerk of the Tents A Master of the Revels Office to order all things concerning Comedies c. Engraver Sculptor 1 in each Office In the Office of the Robes 1 Master 4 Grooms a Purveyor Clerk Tayler and Page and a Dyer In the Matter of Ceremonies A Master Sir Charles Cotterel and one Marshal A Master of the Game of Cock-fighting Two Sergeant Skinners Three Embroiderers Two Keepers of the Privy Lodgings Two Gentlemen and one Yeomen of the Bows One Crossbow-Maker one Fletcher One Mrs Sempstress and one Laundress One Perspective Maker One Master Fencer One Haberdasher of Hatts One Comb-Maker One Coffee-Maker Shoo-maker Joyner Copier of Pictures Watch-maker Cabinet-maker Lock-Smith Library-Keeper Rat-Killer of each one Game of the Bears and Bulls 1 Master 1 Sergeant 1 Yeoman Operators for the Teeth 2. Coffer-Bearers to the Back-Stairs 2. Falconers Sir Allen Aspley Master of the Hawks and other Officers under him about London and other places belonging to the King in all 33. Huntsmen for the Buck-hounds in Ordinary John Carey Esquire Master of the Buck-hounds and under him a Sergeant and 34 other persons Otter-hounds Smith Esquire Master of the Otter-hounds and 4 more under him Huntsmen for the Harriers Master of the Harriers Mr. Elliot and 5 under him One Yeoman of the Leash Watermen 55. Silkmen 2. Perfumer Feather-maker Milliner Mercer Hosier Draper Upholster Letter-carrier Forreign Post of each one Officers belonging to Gardens Bowling-Greens Tennis-Courts Pall-Mall 10 persons Culter Spurrier Girdler Corn-Cutter Button-maker one of each Embosser Enameler of each one Armory at the Tower Master of the Ordinance now in several Commissioners William Legg Lieutenant of the Ordnance and Master Armorer and 17 under Officers Heraulds 3 Kings at Arms. Sir Edward Walker Garter Sir Edward Bish Clarenceux William Dugdale Norroy Also 4 Heraulds and 4 Pursuivants Comedians 17 Men and 8 Women Actors Gunner Gilder Cleanser of Pictures Scene-Keeper Coffer-Maker Wax-Chandler Mole-Taker Publick Notary one of each Keeper of Birds and Fowle in St. James's Park 1. Keeper of the Volery Goffe-Club-maker Sergeant Painter one for each A List of His Majesties Servants under the Master of the Horse There are FIrst 14 Queryes so called from the French word Escuyers derived from Escuyrie a Stable their Office is to attend the King on Hunting on Progress or on any occasion of riding abroad to help His Majesty up and down from his Horse c. The yearly Fee to each is 20 l. 2. The Chief Avener which place with all the following are in the Gift of the Master of the Horse so called from Avena Oates whose Office is to provide Provender and yearly Fee is 40 l. There
with special equity considered Hence is it that so many Priviledges Immunities Exemptions and Dispensations have been to the Clergy of England granted in all times Our Ancestors thinking it very reasonable that as Souldiers were wont by the Roman Emperours to be endowed with certain Priviledges for their warding and fighting to preserve the State from external Enemies so the Clergy ought to have certain Immunities and Priviledges for their watching and spiritual Warfare to preserve the State from internal Enemies the World the Flesh and the Devil Ut serventur immunes Clerici quo Castris suis sedulo commorantes vigiles excubias ducentes summo caell â—mperatori illaesos populos repraeâ—entent Legibus effectum est â—t quam plurima iis Privileâ—ia concessa sint tum ad eorum personas tum bona ac res spectanâ—ia Of Priviledges some belong to Archbishops some to Bishops as they are so and some belong to them and to the inferiour Clergy as they are Ecclesiastiques or Churchmen Before the coming of the Savons into England the Christian Britains had 3 Archbishops viz. of London York and Caerleon an antient great City of South-Wales upon the River Uske Afterward the Archiepiscopal See of London was by the Saxons placed at Canterbury for the sake of St. Austin the Monk who first preached the Gospel there to the Heathen Saxons and was there buried The other of Caerleon was translated to St. Davids in Pembroke-Shire and afterward subjected wholly to the See of Canterbury since which all England and Wales reckon but 2 Archbishops Canterbury and York The Archbishop of Canterbury antiently had Primacy as well over all Ireland as England and the Irish Bishops received their Consecrations from him for Ireland had no other Archbishop until the year 1152 and therefore in the time of the 2 first Norman Kings it was declared that Canterbury was the Metropolitan Church of England Scotland and Ireland and the Isles adjacent He was therefore sometimes stiled a Patriarch and Patriarcha was a Chief Bishop over several Kingdoms or Provinces as an Archbishop is over several Dioceses and had several Archbishops under him was sometimes called Alterius Orbis Papa Orbis Britannici Pontifex and matters done and recorded in Ecclesiastical affairs ran thus Anno Pontificatus Nostri primo secundo c. He was Legatus Natus that is a perpetual Legantine Power was annext to that Archbishoprick near 1000 years ago whereby no other Legat Nuncio or Ambassadour from the Bishop of Rome could here exercise any Legantine Power without special Licence from the King He was so highly respected abroad that in General Councils he was placed before all other Archbishops at the Popes right Foot He was at home so highly honoured by the Kings of England that according to the Practice of Gods own People the Jews where Aaron was next in Dignity to Moses and according to the practice of most other Christian States where the next in Dignity and Authority to the Sovereign is usually the chiefest Person of the Clergy he was accounted the Second Person in the Kingdome and named and ranked even before the Princes of the Blood He enjoyed some special marks of Royalty as to be Patron of a Bishoprick as he was of Rochester to Coyn Moneys and to have the Wardships of all those who held Lands of him Jure Hominii as it is called although they held in Capite other Lands of the King a Princely Prerogative even against the Kings written Prerogative In an antient Charter granted by William the Conquerour to Lanfranc Archbishop of Canterbury he is to hold his Lands with the same freedom in Dominico suo as the words are as the King holdeth his in Dominico suo except only in 2 or 3 Cases and those of no great importance It is an Antient Priviledge of the See of Canterbury that wheresoever any Mannors or Advowsons do belong unto that See that place forthwith becomes exempt from the Ordinary and is reputed a Peculiar and of the Diocess of Canterbury The Archbishop of Canterbury by the favour of our Kings is judged fit to enjoy still divers considerable Pre-eminencies He is Primat and Metropolitan over all England and hath a super-eminency and some Power even over the Archbishop of York hath power to summon him to a National Synod and Archiepis Eboracensis venire debet cum Episcopis suis ad nutum ejus ut ejus Canonicis dispositionibus obediens existat The Archbishop of Canterbury is at this day Primus par Regni the first Peer of England and next to the Royal Family to precede not only all Dukes but all the Great Officers of the Crown He is stiled by the King in his Writs directed to him Dei Gratiâ Archiepisc Cant. and writes himself Divina Providentia whereas other Bishops write Divinâ Permissione and he is said to be inthroned when he is invested in the Archbishoprick To Crown the King belongs to him and it hath been resolved that wheresoever the Court shall happen to be the King and Queen are Speciales Domestici Parochiani Domini Ar. Cant. and had antiently the Holy Offerings made at the Altar by the King and Queen wheresoever the Court should happen to be if his Grace was there present Also the Power of appointing the Lent Preachers as thought by our Ancestors much more fit for a Prelate or Spiritual Person to do as in all other Christian Courts then for any Lay Lord as hath been used in England since one Cromwell was by Hen. 8. made Vicar General and placed above the Archbishop of Canterbury The Bishop of London is accounted his Provincial Dean the Bishop of Winchester his Chancellour and the Bishop of Rochester his Chaplain In writing and speaking to him is given the Title of Grace as it is to all Dukes and Most Reverend Father in God He hath the Power of all Probate of Testaments and granting Letters of Administration where the Party dying had Bona Notabilia that is five pounds worth or above out of the Diocess wherein he died or ten pounds worth within the Diocess of London or if the party dying be a Bishop though he hath no Goods out of the Diocess where he died Also to make Wills for all such as die intestate within his Province and to administer their Goods to the Kindred or to Pious Uses according to his discretion which most transcendent Trust and Power is so antiently in England belonging to Bishops that the best Antiquary cannot find the first Original thereof By Stat. 25 H. 8. he hath the Honour and Power to grant Licences and Dispensations in all Cases heretofore sued for in the Court of Rome not repugnant to the Law of God or the Kings Prerogative As to allow a Clerk to hold a Benefice in Commendam or Trust To allow a Son contrary to the Canons to succeed his Father immediately in a Benefice To allow a Clerk rightly qualified to hold two Benefices with
Baron was used for Vir as at this day Baron or Varon in the Spanish Tongue is used for the same so that a Baron is Vir 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vir Notabilis Principalis so the Chief Burgesses of London antiently and still those of the Cinque Ports are called Barons Antiently those Barons only were accounted Peers of the Realm that held of the King per integram Baroniam which consisted of 13 Knights Fees and one third part each Knights Fee being 20 l. which make in all 400 Marks and whoever had so much was wont to be summoned to Parliament Now to hold per Baroniam is to hold per haereditatem Baronis whether greater or less Barons in the beginning of the Raign of H. 3. were not of so much repute as afterwards when that King after that great Rebellion against him was supprest called by Writ unto Parliament only such great men as had continued loyal which the succeeding Kings observing they only were accounted Peers of the Realm that were called by the Kings special Writ and the others lost their Peerage The Earls Palatines and Earls Marchers of England had antiently also their Barons under them as in Cheshire there are yet such Barons but as no Bishops but those that hold immediately of the King are Peers of the Realm for the Bishop of Man holding immediately of the Earl of Derby is no Peer so no Barons but those that hold immediately of the King are Peers of the Realm Caput Baroniae is some Castle or Chief Seat of a Nobleman which is not to be divided amongst Daughters if there be no Son but must descend to the Eldest Daughter caeteris filiabus aliunde satisfactis Lands holden by Barony doth not make the purchaser that is ignoble to be noble although the charge of such Tenure doth lie upon him in respect of the Service of the Realm no more than Lands by Villain Service doth make the Purchaser that is a Freeman a Villain though he shall thereby be bound to his Villain Service due for those Lands Barons are sometimes made by Writ being thereby called to sit in the Higher House of Parliament but most usually by Patent All the fore-mentioned Degrees have the Title of Lord from the Saxon word Laford Dominus All the Lords of England both Spiritual and Temporal are Feudataries to the King and in their Creation and also in their Succession do swear an Oath of Fealty and do Homage to the King their Soveraign and pay certain Duties as Signs and Symbols of their Subjection to their Prince All Honours in England are given by the King who is the sole Fountain of Honour The Law of England prohibiteth all Subjects of the Realm to receive any Title of Honour or Dignity of the Gift of any Forreign Prince King or Emperour Est enim jus Majestatis inter Insignia summae potestatis None of these Honours bestowed by the King on a Family can be lost but by want of Issue or else by some heinous Crime and then that Family cannot be restored to their Blood but by Parliament All Noblemen at their Creation have two Ensigns to signifie two Duties Their Heads are adorned ad consulendum Regem Patriam tempore pacis and they are girt with a Sword ad defendendum Regem Patriam tempore belli The several Degrees of the English Nobility are differenced and distinguisht one from another by their Titles and Ensigns of Honour A Duke hath the Title of Grace and being written unto may be stiled Most High Potent and Noble Prince A Marquiss Most Noble and Potent Prince An Earl Most Noble and Potent Lord. A Vicount Right Noble and Potent Lord. And A Baron Right Noble Lord. Their Coronets are all different A Baron hath a Coronet of 6 Pearls upon the Circle given to that honour by the present King A Vicount hath a Coronet with 8 Pearls without the Circle â—n â—â—arls Coronet hath the Pearls raised The Marquiss a Pearl and Strawbeâ—ry Leaf round And a Dukes Coronet only Leaves without Pearls They are more especially distinguisht by their Robes of Parliament by their several Guards on their Mantles or Short Cloaks about their Shoulders A Baron hath but 2 Guards a Vicount two and and a half an Earl 3 a Marquiss 3 and a half and a Duke 4. The Nobility of England have in all times enjoyed many considerable Priviledges All Peers of the Realm being lookt on as the Kings Hereditary constant Counsellours their Persons out of Parliament time are priviledged as others in Parliament time from all arrest unless for Treason Felony or breach of Peace Condemnation in Parliament or Contempt to the King No Supplicavit can be granted against them No Capias or Exigent sued out against them for Actions of Debt or Trespass No Essoin lies against any Peer of the Realm In Criminal Causes Treason or Felony they cannot be tried by any other Jury but by a Jury of Peers of the Realm who are not as other Juries to be put to their Oath but their Veâ—dict given in upon their Honour sufficeth In Civil Causes they are not to be empanelled upon any Jury nor upon any Enquests de facto though in a matter between two Peers In case any Peer be returned upon any such Jury there is a special Writ for his discharge Upon no case to be bound to the good behaviour nor put to swear they will not break the Peace but only to promise it upon their Honour which was ever counted so sacred as upon no terms to be violated A Peer of the Realm may not be put to the Rack or Torture to discover the truth though accused of High Treason Every Peer of the Realm called to Parliament hath the Priviledge in his lawful absence to constitute a Proxy to vote for him which none of the Commons may do Also in places of trust committed to them they are allowed to make Deputies by reason of the necessity supposed in the Law of their attendance on the Person of the King Though neither Civil Law nor Common Law allow any others Testimony to be valid but what is given upon Oath yet the Testimony of a Peer of England given in upon his Honour without any Oath is esteemed valid and they were wont to be examined upon their Allegeance and the Loyalty of their Chivalry and to put in their Answer to a Bill super honorem without taking an Oath though of later times that Priviledge by the neglect of some Lords hath been infringed sometimes A day of Grace by the favour of the Court is not to be granted to the Plaintiff in any Suit or Action wherein a Peer of the Realm is Defendant and this by Statute Law because the Law presumes that a Peer of the Realm must alwayes be ready to attend the Person of the King and the Service of the Commonwealth and therefore it is not to be delayed longer than the ordinary use of the Court
Willmot Earl of Rochester Henry Jermin Earl of St. Albans Edward Montague Earl of Sandwich James Butler Earl of Brecknock Edward Hyde Earl of Clarendon Arthur Capel Earl of Essex Thomas Brudnel Earl of Cardigan Anthony Annesly Earl of Anglesey John Greenvile Earl of Bath Charles Howard Earl of Carlile John Craven Earl of Craven Thomas Bruce Earl of Alisbury Richard Boyle Earl of Burlington Vicounts Leicester Devereux Vicount Hereford Francis Brown Vicount Montague James Fiennes Vicount Say and Seale Edward Conway Vicount Conway Baptist Noel Vicount Camden William Howard Vicount Stafford Thomas Bellasis Vicount Falconbridge John Mordant Vicount Mordant George Savil Vicount Halifax Barons John Nevil Lord Abergavenny James Touchet Lord Andley Charles West Lord de la Warre George Berkly Lord Berkly Thomas Parker Lord Morly and Monteagle Francis Lennard Lord Dacres Conyers Darcy Lord Darcy and Menil William Stourton Lord Stourton William Lord Sandys de la Vine Edward Vaux Lord Vaux Thomas Windsor Lord Windsor Thomas Wentworth Lord Wentworth Wingfield Cromwel Lord Cromwell George Evre Lord Evre Philip Wharton Lord Wharton Francis Willoughby Lord Willoughby of Parham William Paget Lord Paget Dudly North Lord North. William Bruges Lord Chandos William Petre Lord Petre. Dutton Gerard Lord Gerard. Charles Stanhop Lord Stanhop Henry Arundel Lord Arundel of Warder Christopher Rooper Lord Tenham Fulk Grevil Lord Brooke Edward Montague Lord Montague of Boughton Charles Lord Howard of Charlton William Grey Lord Grey of Wark John Robarts Lord Robarts John Lovelace Lord Lovelace John Pawlet Lord Pawlet William Mainard Lord Mainard Thomas Coventry Lord Coventry Edward Lord Howard of Escrick Warwick Mohun Lord Mohun William Butler Lord Butler Percy Herbert Lord Powis Edward Herbert Lord Herbert of Cherbury Francis Seymour Lord Seymour Francis Newport Lord Newport Thomas Leigh Lord Leigh of Stonelty Christopher Hatton Lord Hatton Henry Hastings L. Loughborough Richard Byron Lord Byron Richard Vaughan Lord Vaughan Charles Smith Lord Carington William Widrington Lord Widrington Humble Ward Lord Ward Thomas Lord Culpeper Isaack Astley Lord Astley Richard Boyle Lord Clifford John Lucas Lord Lucas John Bellasis Lord Bellasis Lewis Watson Lord Rockingham Charles Gerard Lord Gerard of Brandon Robert Sutton Lord Sutton of Lexinton Charles Kirkhoven Lord Wotton Marmaduke Langdale Lord Langdale William Crofts Lord Crofts John Berkley Lord Berkley Denzil Hollis Lord Hollis Frederick Cornwallis Lord Cornwallis George Booth Lord de la Mere. Horatio Townsend Lord Townsend Anthony Ashley Cooper Lord Ashley John Crew Lord Crew c. Henry Bennet Lord Arlington John Freschevile Lord Fresschevile Richard Arundel Lord Arundeâ— of Trerice Of Temporal Lords or Peer of England there are at presenâ— about 170 whereof there arâ— 10 Dukes 3 Marquisses 6â— Earls 8 Vicounts and 78 Barons whereas within 60 yearâ— last past there was not onâ— Duke but one Marquiss abouâ— 20 Earls 3 or 4 Vicounts anâ— 40 Lords The Laws and Customs of England alwayes willing that Decorum and Conveniency should be every where observed and considering the Charges and Expences appertaining to the several Degrees of Honour as they belong to Men of Principal Service to the King and Realm both in time of War and Peace expected that each of them should have a convenient Estate and Value of Lands of Inheritance for the support of their Honours and the Kings Service Therefore antiently when the intrinsique value of a Pound Sterling was worth 30 l. of our Money now every Knight was to have about 800 Acres reckoned at 20 l. yearly in Land that is about 600 l. of our Money at this day A Baron to have 13 Knights Fees and one third part which amounted to 400 l. which multiplied by 30 was as much as 8000 l. a year at this day An Earl 20 Knights Fees and a Duke 40. And in case of decay of Nobility or that they had so far wasted their Revenues that their Honours could not decently be maintained as the Roman Senators were in such case removed from the Senate so sometimes some English Barons have not been admitted to sit in the Higher House of Parliament though they kept the Name and Title of Dignity still For the better support oâ— these Degrees of Honour the King doth usually upon the Creation of a Duke Marquiss Earl or Vicount grant an Annuity or yearly Rent to them and their heirs which is so annext to the Dignity that by no Grant Assurance or any manner of Alienation can be given from the same but is still â—ncident to and a support of the same Creation contrary to that Principle in Law That every Land of Feesimple may be charged with a Rent in Fee-simple by one way or other To a Duke the King grants 40 l. heretofore a considerable Pension to a Marquiss 40 Marks to an Earl 20 l. and to a Vicount 20 Marks To Barons no such Pensions is ordinarily granted onely the late King creating Mountjoy Blount the late Earl of Newport Lord Mountjoy of Thurlston granted him a Fee of 20 Marks per annum to him and his heirs for ever As the King of England hath ever had the repute of the richest in Domaines of any King in Europe so the Nobility of England have been accounted the richest in Lands of any Neighbouring Nation some having above 20000 l. yearly others 15000 and so many of them above ten that if one with another they have 10000 l. yearly it will amount to in all amongst the 160 Lords Sixteen hundred thousand pounds a year about the ninth part of the yearly Revenue of all England which upon Computation is found to be about Fourteen Millions yearly The English Nobility for Valour Wisdome Integrity â—nd Honour hath in all former Ages been equal to any in Christendom Every Lords House was a kind of a well disciplined Court insomuch that the Gentry Males and Females were wont to be sent thither for vertuous breeding and returned excellently accomplisht At home their Table Attendance Officers Exercises Recreations Garb was an Honour to the Nation Abroad they were attended with as brave numerous and uniform Train of Servants and Followers as any â—uâ—ope not thinking it consistent with their Honours to be seen walk the Streets almost in Cuerpo with one Lackey or not that much less to be found drinking in a Tavern c. If the English Nobility by â— long continued Peace excessive Luxury in Diet want oâ— Action c. were before thâ— late Wars born more feeble in body than their Ancestors anâ— by too fine and too full Dieâ— afterwards were rendred weaker in mind and then during thâ— late troubles by much licentiousness and want of fit Education were so debauched thaâ— it was lately difficult to finâ— as some are bold to affirme the Courage Wisdom Integrity Honour Sobriety and Courtesie of the Antient Nobility yet is it not to be doubted but that under a Warlike Enterprising Prince all those Vertues of their Fore-Fathers may spring afresh especially if we consider the vicissitude
the Impositions were heaâ—ier for by reason of the great abundance of Flesh and Fish Corn Leather Wooll c. which the Soil of its own bounty with little labour doth produce The Yeomanry at their ease and almost forgetting labour grow rich and thereby so proud insolent and careless that they neither give that humble respect and awful reverence which in other Kingdomes is usually given to Nobility Gentry and Clergy nor are they so industrious or so skillful in Manufactures as some of our Neighbour Nations so that in England it is no Paradox to affirm that as too much indigency in the inferiour sort of people doth depress the spirits and dulâ— the minds of them so too plentiful and wanton a fortune causeth in them a lazyness and less industry that state commonly enjoying most peace and order and happiness where either the moderate barrenness of the Countrey or want of ground or multitude of Imposts as in Holland do necessitate the common people to be industrious in their Callings and so to mind their own as not to disturb the State and Church Affairs Moreover of the English especially it hath been observed that then it is happiest with them when they are somewhat pressed and in a complaining condition according to that old Riming Verse Anglica gens est optima flens pessima gaudens The English Nation anciently were and at this day are very apt to hearken to Prophesies and to create Prodigies and then interpret them according to their own extravagant conceits to invent and then maintain any the most prodigious Opinions and Tenents in Philosopy of Divinity some of the inferiour sort of late holding abominable opinions unworthy even of men and such as in no Age were ever broacht before The English National Vices were antiently Gluttony and the effects thereof Lasciviousness when they made four Meals in a day and most excessive Feasting with great plenty of French Wine when Women of professed Incontinency were permitted to proffer their Bodies to all Comers in certain places called Stews or Stoves or Bathing places because men were wont to bath themselves there as still in other Countries before they addrest themselves to venereous acts Moreover Pride in Apparel wherein they were anciently so extravagant and foolish that divers Statutes and Homilies have been made against that Excess and an English Man was wont to be pictured naked with a pair of Taylors Sheers in his hand and a piece of Cloth under his arme with Verses annext intimating that he knew not what fashion of Clothes to have Excess of drinking was anciently more rare in England as appears by an old Poet Ecce Britannorum mos est laudabilis iste Vt bibat arbitrio pocula quisque suo The Danes in the time of King Edgar first brought it in but it was afterward banisht â—ence so that we find no ancient Statute against it for though the Statutes heretofore â—â—ade against Excess in Apparel and Dyet are ancient yet those against Drunkenness are but of late date As the English returning from the Wars in the Holy Land brought home the foul disease of Leprosie now almost extinct here though not yet in our neighbouring Countries so in our Fathers dayes the English returning from the Service in the Netherlands brought with them the foul Vice of Drunkenness as besides other Testimonies the Term of Carous from Gar ausz All out learnt of the High-Dutch there in the same Service so Quaffe c. This Vice of late was more though at present too much insomuch that some persons and those of quality may not safety be visited in an Afternoon without running the hazard of Excessive drinking of Healths whereby in a short time twice as much liquor is consumed as by the Dutch who sip and prate and in some places it is esteemed a piece of wit to make a man drunk for which purpose some swilling insipid Trencher Buffoon is alwayes at hand However it may be truly affirmed that at present there is generally less Excess in Drinking especially about London since the use of Coffee less excess in Dyet but principally in Apparel than heretofore insomuch that the poor Tradesman is much pincht thereby for as it is expedient for the benefit of the whole Commonwealth that divers unnecessary and superfluous Commodities should be allowed as ' Tobacco Coffee Spices Sugars Raisins Silks c. so some less hurtful excesses as in Apparel Dyet Building Coaches Lackeys c. must either be connived at or much of all the money of the Nation must lie dead and unemploied as it now doth in the private sullen niggardly Non-Conformists hands and Tradesmen must either starve or be sustained by Almes The Sin of Buggery brought into England by the Lombards as appears not only by the word Bugeria but also by Rot. Parl. 50. Edw. 3. N. 58. is now rarely practised amongst English although sometimes discovered amongst Aliens in England and then punisht by Death without any remission Impoysonments so ordinary 〈◊〉 Italy is so abominable amongst English as 21 H. 8. 〈◊〉 was made High Treason â—hough since repealed after which the punishment for it was 〈◊〉 be put alive in a Caldron of Water and there boiled to â—eath Stabbing in England is much â—â—ore seldome than in Italy â—â—e English being easie to be reâ—onciled to pardon and remit â—ffences not apt to seek reâ—enge the true well-bred Enâ—lish have more of inclination 〈◊〉 goodness which the Greeks â—alled Philanthropia than other Nations the Nobility and well-â—red Gentry delighting to be â—racious and courteous to Strangers compassionate to the afflicted and grateful to Benefactors when their Purse or Estaâ— not diverted by other extravagant expences will give theâ— leave to remember them The English according to the Climat are of a middle tempâ—â— The Northern Saturnine aâ— the Southern Mercurial tempâ—â— meeting in their Constitution render them ingenious and active yet solid and perseveâ—ring which nourisht under sutable liberty inspires a courage generous and lasting Their Ingenuity will not allow them to be excellent 〈◊〉 the Cheat but subject in thaâ— point rather to take thaâ— give and supposing others 〈◊〉 open-hearted as themselves are many times in Trespass overmatcht by them whom they overmatch in Arms and â—â—ue Valour The English since the Reformation so much given to Literature that all sorts are generally the most knowing people 〈◊〉 the world They have been 〈◊〉 much addicted to writing and â—specially in their own language and with so much licence or connivence that according to the observation of a â—earned Man there have â—een since the Reformation more good and more bad Books printed and published in the English Tongue than in all the Vulgar Languages of Europe For solidity of matter for â—legancy of style in their Sermons Comedies Romances as also in their Books of Philosophy Physick History and all other solid Learning no Nation hath surpassed the English and few equalled them The English especially the Gentry are so
ever since thâ— Conquest in the Kings of England to the great honour anâ— benefit of the King and Kingâ—dom though some abuseâ— made some of the people out 〈◊〉 love with their good and thâ— Right of that part of his juâ—â— Prerogative The King by his Prerogative is Ultimus Haeres Regni and is as the Great Ocean is 〈◊〉 all Rivers the receptacle of aâ— Estates when no Heir appears for this cause all Estates foâ— want of Heirs or by forfeiture revert or escheat to the King All spiritual Benefices for want of Presentation by the Bishop is lapsed at last to the King all Treasure Trove that is Money Gold Silver Plate or Bullion found and the Owner unknown belongs to the King so all Wayfs Strays Wrecks not granted away by him or any former Kings all Wast ground or Land recovered from the Sea all Lands of Aliens dying before Naturalization or Denization and all things whereof the property is not known All Gold and Silver Mines in whosoever ground they are found Royal Fishes â—s Whales Sturgeons Dolphins c. Royal Fowl as Swans not markt and swimming at liberty on the River belong to the King In the Church the Kings Prerogative and Power is extraordinary great He only hath the Patronage of all Bishopricks none can be chosen but by his Conged ' Estier whom he hath first nominated none can be consecrated Bishop or take possession of the Revenues of the Bishoprick without the Kings special Writ or Assent He is the Guardian or Nursing Father of the Church which our Kings of England did so reckon amongst their principal cares as in the 23th year of King Edward the First it was alledged in a pleading and allowed The King hath power to call a National or Provincial Synod and by Commissioners or by his Metropolitanes in their several Jurisdictions to make Canons Orders Ordinances and Constitutions to introduce into the Church what Ceremonies he shall think fit reform and correct all Heresies Schismes and punish Contempts c. and therein and thereby to declare what Doctrines in the Church are fit to be publisht or professed what Translation of the Bible to be allowed what Books of the Bible are Canonical and what Apocryphal c. In 28 of Eliz. when the House of Commons would have passed Bills touching Bishops granting Faculties conferring Holy Orders Ecclesiastical Censures the Oath Ex Officio Non Residency c. the Queen much incensed forbad them to meddle in any Ecclesiastical Affairs for that it belonged to her Prerogative c. The King hath power to pardon the violation of Ecclesiastical Laws or to abrogate such as are unfitting or useless to dispense with the Rigour of Ecclesiastical Laws and with any thing that is only prohibitum malum per accidens non malum in se as for a Bastard to be a Priest for a Priest to hold two Benefices or to succeed his Father in a Benefice or to be Non Resident c. Hath power to dispense with some Acts of Parliament Penal Statutes by Non Obstantes where himself is only concerned to moderate the rigor of the Laws according to Equity and Conscience to alter or suspend any particular Law that he judgeth hurtful to the Commonwealth to grant special Priviledges and Charters to any Subject to pardon a man by Law condemned to interpret by his Judges Statutes and in Cases not defined by Law to determine and pass Sentence And this is that Royal Prerogative which in the hand of a King is a Scepter of Gold but in the hands of Subjects is a Rod of Iron This is that Jus Coronae a Law that is parcel of the Law of the Land part of the Common Law and contained in it and hath the precedence of all Laws and Customs of England and therefore void in Law is every Custom quae exaltat se in Praerogativam Regis Some of these Prerogatives especially those that relate to Justice and Peace are so essential to Royalty that they are for ever inherent in the Crown and make the Crown they are like the Sun-beams in the Sun and as inseparable from it and therefore it is held by great Lawyers that a Prerogative in point of Government cannot be restrained or bound by Act of Parliament but is as unalterable as the Laws of the Medes and Persians wherefore the Lords and Commons Rot. Parl. 42. Edw. 3. num 7. declared that they could not assent in Parliament to any thing that tended to the disherison of the King and the Crown whereunto they were sworn no though the King should desire it and every King of England as he is Debitor Justitiae to his people so is he in conscience obliged to defend and maintain all the Rights of the Crown in possession and to endeavour the recovery of those whereof the Crown hath been dispossest and when any King hath not religiously observed his duty in this point it hath proved of very dreadful consequence as the first fatal blow to the Church of England was given when Hen. 8. waving his own Royal Prerogative referred the redress of the Church to the House of Commons as the Lord Herbert observes Hist Hen. 8. So the greatest blow that ever was given to Church and State was when the late King parting with his absolute Power of dissolving Parliaments gave it though only pro illâ— vice to the Two Houses of Parliament And indeed it greatly concerns all Subjects though it seem a Paradox to be far more solicitous that the King should maintain and defend his own Prerogative and Preeminence than their Rights and Liberties the truth whereof will appear to any man that sadly considers the mischiefs and inconveniencies that necessarily follow the diminution of the Kings Prerogative above all that can be occasioned by some particular infringements of the Peoples Liberties As on the other side it much concerns every King of England to be very careful of the Subjects just Liberties according to that Golden Rule of the best of Kings Charles I That the Kings Prerogative is to defend the Peoples Liberties and the Peoples Liberties strengthen the Kings Prerogative Whatsoever things are proper to Supreme Magistrates as Crowns Scepters Purple Râ—be Golden Globe and Holy Unction have as long appertained to the King of England as to any other Prince in Europe He holdeth not his Kingdom in Vassallage nor receiveth his Investiture or Installment from another Acknowledgeth no Superiority to any but God only Not to the Emperour for Omnem Potestatem habet Rex Angliae in Regno suo quam Imperator vendicat in Imperio and therefore the Crown of England hath been declared in Parliaments long ago to be an Imperial Crown and the King to be an Emperour of England and Ireland and might wear an Imperial Crown although he choseth rather to wear a Triumphant Crown such as was anciently worn by the Emperours of Rome and that because his Predecessors have triumpht not only over Five
by the Earl of Sandwich conducted by a Squadron of Ships to Portsmouth where the King first met her and was remarried On the 23th of August 1662 her Majesty coming by water from Hampton Court was with great Pomp and Magnificence first received by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London at Chelsey and thence conducted by water to Whitehall The Portion she brought with her was Eight hundred Millions of Reas or two Millions of Crusado's being about Three hundred thousand pounds Sterling together with that important place of Tangier upon the Coast of Africk and the Isle of Bombaim neer Goa in the East Indies with a Priviledge that any Subjects of the King of England may trade freely in the East and VVest Indie Plantations belonging to the Portugueses Her Majesties Joynture by the Articles of Marriage is Thirty thousand pounds Sterling per Annum and the King out of his great affection toward her hath as an addition settled upon her 10000 l. per Annum more The Queens Arms as Daughter of Portugal is Argent 5 Scutcheons Azure cross wise each Scutcheon charged with 5 Plates or Besants Argent Saltier-wise with a Point Sable the Border Gules charged with 7 Castles Or. This Coat was first worn by the Kings of Portugal in memory of a Signal Battel obtained by the first King of Portugal Don Alphonso against 5 Kings of the Moors before which Battel appeared Christ crucified in the air and a Voice heard as once to Constantine the Great In hoc signo vinces before which time the Portugal Arms were Argent a Cross Azure Queen CATHERINE is a Personage of such rare perfections of Mind and Body of such eminent Piety Modesty and other Vertues that the English Nation may yet promise all the happiness they are capable of from a Succession of Princes to govern them to the end of the World Of the Queen-Mother THe Third Person in the Kingdom is the Queen-Mother or Dowager Henretta Maria de Bourbon Daughter to the Great King Henry the Fourth Sister to the Just King Lewis the Eleventh Wife to the Pious Martyr King Charles the First Mother to our Gracious Sovereign King Charles the Second and Aunt to the present Puissant King Lewis the 14th She was born the 19th of November 1609 married first at Nostre Dame in Paris by Proxy 1625 and shortly after in the moneth of June arriving at Dover was at Canterbury espoused to King Charles the First In the year 1629. was delivered of her First born a Son that died shortly after in 1630 of her Second our present Soveraign whom God long preserve in 1631 of her Third Mary the late Princess of Orenge a Lady of admirable Vertues who had the happiness to see the King her Brother restored 6 or 7 moneths before her death In 1633 of her Fourth James now Duke of York In 1635 of her Fifth named Elizabeth who being a Princess of incomparable Abilities and Vertues died for grief soon after the murther of her father In 1636 of her Sixth named Anna who died young In the year 1640 of her Seventh Child Henry of Oatlands designed Duke of Glocester who living till above 20 being most excellently accomplished in all Princely Endowments died four moneths after the Restauration of the King In the year 1644 of her Eighth the Lady Henretta now Dutchess of Orleans In the year 1641 her Majesty fore-seeing the ensuing storm of Rebellion and seeing the groundless Odium raised already against her self timely withdrew her self with her eldest Daughter then newly married to Henry Prince of Orange into Holland whence in 1643 after a most furious storm and barbarous fierce pursuit of the English Rebels at Sea she landed at Burlington Bay with Men Money and Ammunition and soon after with a considerable Army met the King at Edgehill and thence was conducted to Oxford In April 1644 marching with competent forces from Oxford towards Exeter at Abington took her last farewel of the King whom she never saw again In July following embarkt at Pendennis Castle she sailed into France where entertained at the Charges of her Nephew the persent King of France she passed a solitary retired life until the moneth of October 1660. when upon the Restauraution of her Son to the Crown of England she came to London and having settled her Revenues here she went again with her youngest Daughter the Lady Henretta into France to see her espoused to the then Duke of Anjou now of Orleans and in the moneth of July 1662 being returned into England she settled her Court at Somerset-House where she continued till May 1665 then crossed the Seas again and hath ever since continued in France her Native Countrey She needeth no other Character then what is found in the Seventh Chapter of that inimitable Book compiled by him that knew her best Of the present Princes and Princesses of the Blood Royal of England THe First Prince of the Blood in France called Monsieur sans queue is the Most Illustrious Prince James Duke of York Second Son to King Charles the Martyr and only Brother to the present King our Soveraign He was born Octob. 14. 1633 and forth-with proclaimed at the Court Gates Duke of York the 24th of the same moneth was baptized and afterward committed to the Government of the then Countess of Dorset The 27th of July 1643 at Oxford was created by Letters Patents Duke of York though called so by special command from his Birth without those Solemnities the iniquity of the times not admitting thereof that were used to the King his Father 1605 when being Second Son to King James and so Duke of Albany in Scotland was created Duke of York with the preceding Solemn Creation of divers young Noblemen to be Knights of the Bath and the Robes of State put upon him the Cap of State on his Head and the Golden Rod into his Hand the Prime Nobility and Heralds assisting at that Ceremony After the Surrender of Oxford his Royal Highness was in 1646 conveyed to London by the then prevailing disloyal part of the Two Houses of Parliament and committed with his Brother Glocester and Sister Elizabeth to the care of the Earl of Northumberland In 1648 aged about 15 was by Colonel Bampfield conveyed in a disguise or habit of a Girle beyond Sea first to his Sister the Princess Royal of Orenge in Holland and afterward to the Queen his Mother then at Paris where he was carefully educated in the Religion of the Church of England and in all Exercises meet for such a Prince About the Age of 20 in France he went into the Campagne and served with much Gallantry under that great Commander the Protestant Mareschal de Turenne for the French King against the Spanish forces in Flanders Notwithstanding which upon a Treaty between the French King and Cromwell in 1655 being obliged with all his retinue to leave the French Dominions and invited into Flanders by Don Juan of Austria he there served