Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	ambassador_n	king_n	peace_n	4,428	5	6.4303	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A11863	Honor military, and ciuill contained in foure bookes. Viz. 1. Iustice, and iurisdiction military. 2. Knighthood in generall, and particular. 3. Combats for life, and triumph. 4. Precedencie of great estates, and others.	Segar, William, Sir, d. 1633.; Rogers, William, b. ca. 1545, engraver.	1602 (1602)	STC 22164; ESTC S116891	203,415	258

gentlemen doe come after the Knight and doe bring him to the Kings presence and the Esquiers gouernours before him And when the newe Knight commeth into the Kings presence he shall kneele downe before him saying Most noble and renowned Sir I do thanke you for al the honors courtesies and goodnesse which you haue done vnto me And so he taketh leaue of the King And then the Esquiers gouernours do take leaue of their Master saying Sir we haue accomplished the cōmandement of the Kings as he charged vs to the vttermost of our power wherein if we haue displeased you through negligence or deed during the time we desire pardon On the other side Sir according to the custome of the Court and ancient Kings we demaund Robes and fees for terme of life as Esquiers of the King and companions vnto Bachelors Knights and other Lords CHAP. 12. Knights Bachelors FIrst it is to be remembred that no man is brone a Knight of any title but made either before a battell to encourage them to aduenture their liues or after the fight as an aduancement for their valour then shewed or out of warre for some notable seruice done or some good hope of vertues that do appeare in them These Knights are made either by the King himselfe or by his commission and royal authority giuen for that purpose or by his Lieutenant in the warres who hath his royal and absolute power for that time And this order may bee resembled to that which the Romanes called Equites Romanos differing in a sort but in some other sort doeth agree with it for seldome in all points one Common wealth doeth agree with another nor long any State accordeth with it selfe Equites Romani were chosen ex Censu which is according to their substance and riches Euen so be Knights in England for the most part according to the yeerely reuenue of their lands being able to maintaine that estate Yet all they that had Equestrem Censum were not in Rome Equites no more are all Knights in England that may dispend a Knights land or fee but they onely to whom it pleaseth the King to giue that honour In Rome the number of Equites was vncertaine and so it is of Knights in England at the pleasure of the Prince Equites Romani had Equum Publicum but the Knights of England finde horses themselues both in peace and warre Census Equester among the Romanes was at diuers times of diuers value but in England whosoeuer may dispend of his free lands fourty pounds starling of yeerely reuenue by an old Law either at the Coronation of the King or mariage of his daughter or at the dubbing of the Prince Knight or some such great occasion may be by the King compelled to take that order and honour or to pay a fine which many rich men not so desirous of honor as of riches had rather disburse Some also who for good respect are not thought worthy that title and yet haue abilitie neither be made Knights though they would and yet pay the fine of fourtie pounds sterling which as siluer is now prised is 120. pound currant money Where of this word Knight is deriued or whether it signifieth no more then Miles doeth in Latine which is Souldier I know not Some hold opinion that the word Souldier doeth betoken a waged or hired man to fight Caesar in his Commentaries called Souldiers men deuoted and sworne by band or oath to serue the Captaine which order if the Almanes did follow it may be that they who were not hired but being of the Nation vpon their owne charges and for their aduancement and by such common oath and band that did follow the warre were perhaps called Knights or Milites and now among the Almanes some are called Launce-Knights as Souldiers not hired although they be wel-neere all hired Or it may be that they who were next about the Prince as his Guard and seruants picked and chose men out of the rest being called in the Almane tongue Knighten which is as much to say as dayly seruants being found of good seruice the word afterwards was taken as an honour for one that professeth Armes Now our language is so altered that hard it were to giue iudgement thereof But sure it is we in our English doe call him Knight whom the French do call Cheualier and the Latine Equitem for Equestris ordinis Touching the making of these English Knights the maner is this Hee that is to be made Knight is stricken by the Prince with a sword drawen vpon his backe or shoulder the Prince saying Soys Cheualier and in times past was added S. George And when the Knight riseth the Prince saith Auance This is the maner of dubbing Knights at this present and that terme dubbing was the old terme in this point and not creating These sorts of Knights are by the Heralds called Knights Bachelers CHAP. 13. The Ceremonies in the degradation of Knights in England IT seemeth that the degradation of Knights hath bene vsed onely for offences of greatest reproch and dishonour which I conceiue partly by the rarenesse of such actions and partly for that the men bereft of that dignitie were not onely degraded but also by law executed As in the raigne of King Edward the fourth it appeared a Knight was degraded in this sort First after the publication of his offence his gilt spurres were beaten from his heeles then his sword taken from him and broken That being done euery peece of his armour was bruised beaten and cast aside After all which disgraces he was beheaded In like maner Andrew of Herklay a Knight and Erle of Carlile was in this sort disgraded He being apprehended was by the Kings commandement brought before sir Anthony Lucie anno 1322. apparelled in all the robes of his estate as an Earle and a Knight and so led vnto the place of iudgement Being thither come Sir Anthony Lucie saide vnto him these words First thou shalt loose the order of Knighthood by which thou hadst all thine honour and further all worship vpon thy bodie be brought to nought Those words pronounced Sir Anthony Lucie commanded a knaue to hew the Knights spurs from his heeles after caused his sword to be broken ouer his head That done he was dispoiled of his furred Tabord of his hood of his furred coats and of his gird●e Then Sir Anthony said vnto him these words Andrew now art thou no Knight but a knaue and for thy treason the King doth will thou shalt be hanged Maxitmilianus de Austria Dux Bur●undi● R●m Im● Ord●n● Velleris Aurei Eques 〈◊〉 Fol. 〈◊〉 CHAP. 14. Knights of the Toizon D'or or golden Fleece THE Knighthood of the Toizon was instituted by Philip surnamed the good Duke of Burgundy and Earle of Flanders in the yeere of our Lord 1429. being mooued thereunto with deuoute zeale that he had to vndertake the conquest of the holy land albeit his valerous determination tooke none effect by

and others CHAP. 48. The Inauguration of Charles the fift Anno 1520. THis Emperor hauing giuen order for his affaires in Belgica required the Electors that they would come to his Inauguration at Aquisgran where the plague then happened to be which mooued them to desire that the celebration might be elswhere But his Maiestie at the Citizens suite who had prepared with great cost resolued not to alter alleaging also that Charles the fourth his predecessor had made a lawe that the Emperour ought of necessitie be crowned at Aquisgran The 21. of October the Archbishop of Mentz Colein and Treuer appeared The Marquesse of Brandenburg came after and the Duke of Saxony being sicke stayed at Colein The next day all these Princes rode to meete the Emperour and when they came neere vnto his person they alighted which done with all reuerence the Archbishop of Mentz in the name of them all spake vnto his Maiestie and was by the mouth of the Cardinall of Salisburg courteously answered All those troupes so vnited proceeded to the Citie Without the gate the Palatin of the Rheine also did meete them so were the Electors companies about one thousand sixe hundreth some Launces and some Archers The Emperours owne troupe was two thousand very magnificently furnished Thither also came Iohn Duke of Cleue with 400. men well armed and much discord there was betweene the Cl●uoys and the Saxons who should preceed The like pompe had not bene seene in Germanie On th' one side of Caesar rode the Archbishop of Cullein and on th' other was the Archbishop of Mentz Next to them folowed the Ambassadors of the King of Bohemia the Bishops of Sedun Saltsburg and Croy all Cardinals and with them were the Ambassadors of all Kings and Princes sauing of the Pope and the King of England which was supposed to be of purpose lest the deputies of the Germane Princes should preceed them The Emperor being come to Aquisgran alighted at our Lady Church and there after prayers he talked particularly with the Electors who followed him to his lodging One other day they met againe in the Temple where the throng was so great as hardly the Guard could make roome In the mids of the Temple a great Crowne was hanged and vnder it carpets were spred whereupon Caesar did prostrate himselfe till the Archbishop of Collen had ended certaine prayers Then the Archbishop of Mentz and Treuer did take him vp and led him before our Ladies altar where againe he fell downe vpon his face and after prayers they led him to his throne of State When these ceremonies were ended the Bishop of Cullen begunne the Masse and hauing said a part thereof he asked the Emperor in the Latine tongue If he would conserue the Christian faith defend the Church do Iustice protect the Empire defend widowes fatherlesse children and people distressed Whereunto when he had consented hee was led to the Altar and there with a solemne othe confirmed the words he had spoken and returned to his throne After the oath taken the Bishop of Cullen said other prayers and then put oyle vpon his head his brest the bending places of his armes and the palmes of his hands Being thus anointed the Archbishops of Mentz and Treuer led him into the Vestry where they apparelled him as a deacon and in that habit brought him forth and placed him in his throne where after more prayers the Archbishop of Cullen in presence of the whole Clergie deliuered into his hand a naked sword and recommended to him the Common weale Caesar hauing the sword in his hand put it into the sheath which done they put vpon his finger a Ring and on his shoulders they cast a Regal cloake They also deliuered to him a Scepter and a Ball to represent the forme of the whole world Then all the three Bishops layed hand on the Crowne and set it vpon the Emperours head When all these things were done hee was againe brought vnto the Altar and there sworne to performe the duetie of a good Prince That oath taken the Emperour accompanied with those Bishops went vp higher and there sate in a seat of stone Then the Bishop of Mentz in the Germane tongue spake alowd and wished that his Maiestie and people to him subiect might long liue in health and happinesse After which words in signe of publicke ioy the Quoristers and instruments of Musicke made melody At all these solemne prayers the Lady Margarita aunt to the Emperor and gouernesse of the Low countreys was present In the end of these complements he receiued the Sacrament and made many Knights which honour as mine Auctor saith was anciently the reward of vertue and approued valor but now the custome is that if a King do lightly lay his sword vpon any mans shoulder that fauour alone without more ceremony or other merit shall make him a Knight which is the cause that title is giuen not only to Gentlemen well borne but also to Merchants and others that ambitiously do seeke it All these things being done in the Church the Emperour returned to his Pallace which was most magnificently prepared There he dined and so did the Electors euery one sitting at a table by himselfe The dinner being ended and the tables taken away the Bishop of Treuer tooke place right against the Emperour for so the law of Charlemaine determined In ages more ancient an oxes body filled full of small beasts and fowles was rosted on the day of Caesars Inauguration whereof one part was serued at his table the rest giuen to the multitude Two Conduits were likewise made to runne wine all that day Dinner being done the Emperour retired into his chamber and there he deliuered the seales of the Empire vnto the Archbishop of Mentz and the next day all the Electors supped with his Maiestie CHAP. 49. ¶ Ceremonies appertaining to the deliuery of Prizes at Iousts and Tournaments AT euery publique triumph before a Prince it seemeth the vse heretofore hath ben that the Prizes of best desert should be giuen by the hand of the Queene notwithstanding it were in the Kings presence but first a solemne proclamation to be made by the Heralds to this effect Oyez oyez oyez Be it knowen to all men by these presents that by authority of the most high most excellent and most puissant Prince H. by the grace of God King of England France and Ireland c. That of those which haue Iousted on the Challengers side A. B. hath deserued the prize and to him let the same be giuen as due by the censure of the Queene with the assent of her Ladies Gentlewomen and all others of her Highnesse Court here present Likewise on the party of Defenders C. D. hath Iousted well E. F. better but G. H. best of all vnto whome the prize is iudged by the most mightie most excellent and vertuous Princesse with consent aforesaid This was the forme of deliuering the prizes at the most noble and triumphant Iousts

the more rich they were the more they were esteemed Among the Grecians there was not anciently any meane to be aduanced but only by the Emperours seruice wherein whosoeuer did continue any time were he neuer so basely borne should notwithstanding be made a Gentleman The Egyptians and Affyrians would not admit any man to haue the title of a Gentleman vnlesse he were a souldier and skilfull in Militarie affaires The rest of the people liued as slaues without reputation The Tartarians and Muscouites doe holde no man worthy the name of a Gentleman vnlesse he be a man of Armes a Captaine or at the least a souldier of extraordinary account For learning is there of no price CHAP. 19. Of Kingdomes and how Kings are to precede according to the Councell of Constance in the time of King Henry the fift WE reade that anciently the greatest and most noble Kings of the world were these viz. The King of Sycionia the King Egypt and the King of Assyria but of them that of Assyria of greatest power For Ninus the sonne of Belus had conquered and brought to his obedience all the people of Asia India excepted Others affirme hee commaunded the one halfe of the world and some say he was King of a third part So writeth S. Augustine li. 17. cap. 17. de ci Dei It is likewise by other writers said that in ancient time were foure mighty Kingdomes by Daniel compared to foure mettals viz That of Assyrians in the East was likened vnto gold that of the Persians and Medians to siluer that of the North Regions to brasse that of the Romans in the West to yron But the kingdomes of the East were most honourable though at length it pleased God that the Empire of Rome resembled to yron both in longitude and latitude exceeded all others For as yron doth cut and decrease all other mettals so the dominion and power of Romanes abased and eclipsed all other Regall puissance Howsoeuer that were the glory and greatnesse of the Romane force in tract of time did also become of small force weake and feeble according to the prophesie of Daniel ca. 2. But leauing to speake more of times so ancient we say that in Asia the chiefe Kingdomes are Catai Tharses Turnester Corasina India Persia Media Georgia Syria Cappadocia Ethinia c. In Affrica is Ethiopia Libya Arabia Iudea Cilicia Mauritania Numidia and others In Europe are likewise many kingdomes but of them these are most potent viz. England France Scotland Spaine Portugal Denmark Moscouia Sweden Poland c. Now touching the Precedence of these Princes in Europe by diuers writers it is affirmed that the King of France may iustly claime the chiefe place First for that it pleased God to send from heauen vnto Clodoueus the first Christian King of that Nation three Lilies as a Diuine fauour to be from thenceforth borne in the Armes of that kingdome before which time the Kings Armes was three Toades Secondly they alleage that France is the most ancient kingdome of Europe and that Suardus was King of that Nation in the raigne of Alexander Thirdly because the King of France is anointed which indeed seemeth a marke of much preeminence Fourthly for that the French King beareth the title of Most Christian. Lastly because it hath been in sundry papall Consistories decreed that the Ambassadours of France should precede the Ambassadors of Spaine Others hold that Precedencie appertaineth to the King of Spaine First for that he is entituled The most Catholique King Secondly because he is King of many kingdomes and consequently of most honour according to the prouerbe of Sal. In mulitudine populi dignitas regis which reason Salust seemeth also to confirme saying Maxima gloria in maximo Imperio But we say the chiefe place of honour and Precedencie in Europe appertaineth to the King of England First in respect of ancienty For albeit Alexander first King of the Grecians and of Persia called himselfe King of the world euen at that time Brutus was King of England and as some haue sayd Suardus was then King of France But Gaquinus in his Chronicle of France maketh no mention thereof not recordeth his name among the number of French Kings Secondly the king of England is anointed and so is no other king but the French King the King of Sicil and the King of Ierusalem Thirdly the King of England is crowned which honour the King of Spaine Portugal Aragon Nauarra and many other Princes haue not Fourthly the King of England is a Prince most absolute as from whom is no appellation either in iurisdiction Ecclesiastical or Ciuil And albeit Enqueranus Monstellet writeth that in the yeere 1420. at the Interuiew of the Kings of England and France making their entrie into the Citie of Paris the French King did ride on the right hand and kissed the Relikes of Saints first Yet is that no proofe of his right in precedence for Quilibet rex seu Princeps in suo regno in culmine sedere debet so saith Corsetus de potestate Regia And admit that in time more ancient the Kings of France had precedence before England yet since the Conquest famous victories of Henry the fift and Coronation of Henry the sixt in Paris the Kings of England may iustly take place neither is the title of most Christian any proofe of ancienty being only an honour giuen for certein seruices done by King Pepin and Charlemaine to the Church of Rome As for the allegation of Spaine affirming that the King Catholike is owner of many kingdomes and therefore of most honor that reason is of no consequence For so is also the King of England whose only kingdome of England is by nature inexpugnable and so plentifully peopled as sufficeth not onely to defend it selfe against all other Nations but also to inuade and conquer as both Spaine and France hath made experience But the last and most effectuall reason in fauour of England is that the King and people thereof receiued the Gospell and faith Christian before France or Spaine Also the Bishops with the Ambassadours English had precedence in the greatest general Councels of Christendome as particularly appeared at the Councell of Constance where the Bishops of England were present and honoured accordingly At which time it was doubted whether Spaine should be admitted a nation but in the end the Spaniards were allowed for the fift and last nation And al the people there assembled were diuided into fiue classes or rankes viz. Germanes French English Italians and Spaniards The Germane ranke contained themselues Bohemia Hungaria Polonia Dalmatia Graecia and Croatia The French had place alone as a nation absolute To the English Nation Scotland Norway Denmark Sweden and Cyprus were adioyned The Italians had all the Kingdomes subiect to Rome Sicily Naples and Argier With the Spaniards were the Ambassadors and Bishops of Castilia Arragon Maiorca Nauarra Portugall and Granado This assembly contained the Legates and Ambassadors of 83. Kings Besides

gratiously accepting of that offer this aged Knight armed the Earle and mounted him vpon his horse That being done he put vpon his owne person a side coat of blacke Veluet pointed vnder the arme and couered his head in liew of an helmet with a buttoned cap of the countrey fashion After all these ceremonies for diuers dayes hee ware vpon his cloake a crowne embrodered with a certaine motto or deuice but what his intention therein was himselfe best knoweth Now to conclude the matter of assignation you shall vnderstand that this noble Gentleman by her Maiesties expresse commandement is yerely without respect vnto his age personally present at these military exercises there to see suruey and as one most carefull skilfull to direct them for indeed his vertue and valour in Arms is such as deserueth to command And touching that point I will let you know the opinion of Monsieur de Champany a Gentleman of great experience and notable obseruation who at his beeing Embassadour in England for causes of the Low Countreys and writing to his friends there in one of his intercepted Letters among other occurrents these words were found I was quoth he one day by Sir Christopher Hatton Captaine of her Maiesties guard inuited to Eltham an house of the Queenes whereof he was the guradian At which time I heard and saw three things that in all my trauel of France Italy and Spaine I neuer heard or saw the like The first was a consort of musicke so excellent and sweet as cannot be expressed The second a course at a Bucke with the best and most beautifull Greyhounds that euer I did behold And the third a man of Armes excellently mounted richly armed and indeed the most accomplished Caualiero I had euer seene This Knight was called Sir Henry Lea who that day accompanied with other Gentlemen of the Court onely to doe me honour vouchsafed at my returne to Greenwich to breake certaine Lances which action was performed with great dexterity and commendation Thus much was the substance and well neere the whole circumstance of Sir Henry Lea his last taking of Armes wherein he seemed to imitate the auncient Romanes who hauing serued a conuenient time and claiming the priuiledges due to old Souldiers whome they called Emeriti did come into Campo Martio euery man leading his owne horse and there offered his Armes vnto Mars in presence of the chiefe Magistrates which ceremony Scipio Cassius the great Pompey with many other noble Captaines disdained not to doe Summarily these annuall Actions haue bene most nobly perfourmed according to their times by one Duke 19 Earles 27 Barons 4 Knights of the Garter and aboue 150 other Knights and Esquiers The Authors Intention NOw fora much as all that which hath bene hitherto said doeth tend to extoll the excellencie of Armes and honour with the dignities to them appertaining Yet for not being mistaken in my meaning I haue thought good to say that the commendation due vnto learning is of no lesse desart then that which belongeth to Marshall merit And indeed very rarely doeth any man excell in Armes that is vtterly ignorant of good letters For what man vnlearned can conceiue the ordering and disposing of men in marching incamping and fighting without Arithmetique Or who can comprehend the ingenious fortifications or instruments apt for Offence or Defence of Townes or passing of waters vnlesse he hath knowledge of Geometrie or how may Sea seruice be performed without skill to know the Latitude of the place by the Pole and the Longitude by other Starres which must be learned of Astronomers Yea learning is of such necessitie that no common weale without it can be well gouerned neither was any State euer well ordered vnlesse the Gouernors thereof had studied Philosophie chiefly that part that intreateth of maners for that onely informeth first how euery man should gouerne himselfe Secondly how hee should guide his owne family and thirdly teacheth how a Citie or Common weale may be well ordered and gouerned both in warre and peace Which moued Plato to say That happy is the common weale where either the Prince is a Philosopher or where a Philosopher is the Prince And although it cannot be denied that Empires and Kingdomes are both wonne and kept aswell by force and manhood as by wisdome and pollicie yet is the chiefe of that pollicie attained vnto by learning For in all gouernments the wiser haue authoritie aboue the rude and vnlearned as in euery priuate house or towne the most discreet and best experienced are preferred so in all Nations they that be most ciuill learned and politique doe finde meanes to command the rest although in force they be inferiour The experience hereof was apparantly seene in the Grecians and Romanes among whom like as wisedome and learning was most esteemed so their Empires were spread furthest and continued longest And to prooue that excellencie of learning in those Nations preuailed against others equall to them in manhood and courage we also will vse this onely example That albeit this Realme before any conquest thereof was no doubt inhabited with people of great courage yet for that they were vnciuil or at the least without policie and learning they were brought vnder the subiection of other Nations as the Saxons were last by the Normans and the Romanes by the Saxons before that and the Britaine 's by the Romanes first of all And albeit diuers men haue bene and yet are both wise and politique without learning and some also that be learned in respect of wordly policie be very simple yet I say that such wise men should haue bene more excellent if they had bene learned and the other more simple and foolish they had bene vtterly without learning Exercise in warre maketh not euery man fit to be a Captaine though he follow Armes neuer so long and yet is there none so vnapt for warre but with vse is more perfect and the rather if he be learned For if experience doeth helpe then I am sure that learning helpeth much more to the encrease of wisedome We will then determine that experience because it doeth further Wisedome may be called the father thereof and Memorie the mother because she doth nourish and preserue it for in vaine should experience bee sought for if the same were not held in remembrance Then if both experience and memory be holpen and encreased by learning it must needs be confessed that experience helpeth it Euery man seeth that the experience of an old man maketh him wiser then the yonger because he hath seene more ●et an old man seeth onely things in his owne time but the learned ma● seeth not onely his owne age and experience but whatsoeuer hath bene in long time past yea since the first writer tooke pen in hand therefore must needs know more then the vnlearned man be he neuer so old for no memory can compare with writing Besides that if the vnlearned doe forget any thing seene hardly shall