Col White were appointed to treat in behalf of the English the result whereof was to this effect That the Castle of Edenburgh should be surrendred up to his Excellency the Lord General Cromwel on the 24. of Decemb. 1650. with all the Ordinance The strong and impregnable Castle of Edenburgh surrendred to the English Arms Magazine and Furniture of War thereunto belonging That the Governour with all the Officers and Souldiers should then march forth with their Arms Colours flying Drums beating matches lighted and Bullet in mouth to such place as they shall choose That such Inhabitants adjacent as have any goods in the Castle shall have them restored unto them and to that purpose they had liberty from the 19. to the 24. of Decemb. to fetch them away There was taken in this strong-hold 5 French Canon 5 Dutch half Canon 2 Culverings 2 Demi-culverings 2 Minion 2 Faulcon 28 Braste Drakes 2 Petards about 7000 Arms 80 Barrels of Powder store of Canon Shot with other provisions proportionable It may seem strange and almost incredible that such a strong and impregnable hold as was that should be so easily won the like whereof is not in that Nation wherefore it was the common vogue of that time and by many credibly beleeved That it was assaulted with silver engines But whether it was covetousnesse cowardise Treachery or want that caused this sudden rendition I know not But this I know and am sure it made as much for and was of as great importance to the English as can be imagined for while that businesse was yet in suspence the Army was hindred from many attempts of great consequence Nor was the Parliament of England lesse fortunate in their maritime affairs for the English Fleet under the command of Gen. Blake lying before Lizbon after they had destroyed severall French Pirates taken many Sugar Prizes belonging to the King of Portugal of great value and scowr'd the Seas in some sort of such others as had been so extreamly prejudiciall to the English Merchants especially those trading into the Levant Seas They were constrain'd partly by distresse of weather and partly to revictuall and water to make for some other port in which time Prince Rupert with his Fleet making a vertue of necessity hoisted sail and steerd their course for Malaga where they burnt and spoil'd severall Merchants Ships Gen. Blake hereupon reduc'd his Fleet to 7 stout and nimble Frigots and sent the rest home with the Prizes and with them he made all the Sail he could after the Enemy and coming to Malaga heard they were gone towards Alicant Gen. Blake sailing thence betwixt Cape degat and Cape de Paulo took a French Ship of 20 Guns and presently after that the Roe-buck one of the revolted Ships fell into their hands after which they met with the Black Prince another of Ruperts Fleet which to avoid being taken ran ashoar and blew her self up next day 4 more of Ruperts Fleet ran ashoar in the Bay of Cartagena Prince Ruperts Fleet destroy'd where they were cast away and bulged Some few daies after Generall Blake set sail to seek out the rest of Ruperts Fleet which were two steering his course towards Minorca Majorca Humaterra but missing of them he gave over the Chase and returned for England having done as much as could be expected from men valiant and faithfull to the great encouragement of the Merchants contentment of the people and joy of all well-affected people Notwithstanding all this severall designs were set on foot by unquiet and wayward spirits in behalf of Charles Stuart some by open insurrection others by secret combination in which the Clergy had no small share as shall be declared hereafter There was executed at Tiburne one Benson for acting by vertue of a Commission from the Scots King Benson an Agent from the Scots King executed at Tiburn being in the same conspiracy with Col. Andrews who was beheaded as aforesaid Upon the same account rose a mutinous rabble in the County of Norfolk An Insurrection in Norfolk who for a while went roving to and again pretending the ends of that undertaking was for the abolishing of Popery restoring the young King to his Crown revenge of his Fathers death for suppression of heresie and schism But as it was begun without order so was it manag'd without resolution For the Parliament were no time-givers to growing dangers but immediatly gave order for the suppressing them So that 200 Horse from Lyn and 3 Troops of Horse from the Army with some of the Militia Forces of that County is appeased and the ringleaders executed marched towards them upon which they were presently dispersed and some taken whereof about 20 were executed who because they were persons of no great eminency I shall forbear troubling the Reader with their Names About this time also Sir Henry Hide being commissionated as Embassadour from the Scots King to the Grand Signior at Constantinople Sir Henry Hide executed at the Old Exchange stood in competition with Sir Thomas Bendish then Embassadour for the English for his place whereupon they had a hearing before the Vizier Bassa the result whereof was that Sir Thomas Bendish should dispose of the said Sir Henry Hide as he thought good who was straightway sent to Smyrna thence into England and there condemned and executed for a traitor before the Royal Exchange in London The warre in Scotland was now almost at a stand for the sharpness of the Winter was such in that Northern Climate that much could not be expected yet were all probable designs for the reducing that obstinate and hardy people put in execution The Scots King crowned at Scone Jan. 30. 1651. The Scots were chiefly busied about the Coronation of their King which was performed at Scone Jan. 1. 1651. with as much solemnity and gallantry as their necessity and poverty would permit then they proceeded to the Excommunication of Straughan Swinton and others that came in to the English made a shift to unite the other Dissenting parties and then put out an Act for new Levies to be made throughout the Nation Soon after this Lieut. Gen. David Lesley with a party of 800 Horse made an attempt upon Lithgow where was a Regiment of Horse under Col. Sanderson who being presently in a readinesse to receive them the Scots retreated without entring the Town Next attempt of the English was for reducing of Hume Castle with two Regiments of Horse and Foot commanded by Col. Fenwick Hume Castle besieg'd who coming before it sent in this Summons which with the answer for the unusuall strain thereof I here insert Sir HIs Excellency the Lord Generall Cromwell hath commanded me to reduce this Castle you now possesse under his obedience which if you now deliver into my hands for his service you shall have fit terms for your self and those with you and ease the adjacent parts of a great charge If you refuse I doubt not but
as they had Men or munition for the Paragon lost 27 Men and had about 60 wounded the Elizabeth had but two barrels of Powder left so hard they ply'd it and to such stresse were they put Yet in despight of their Adversaries they got safe with their Merchants into Portolongone this fight was neer the Island of Corsica Upon the nick of this breach came into England an Ambassadour from the Queen of Sweden where he ended his life before he effected any thing another also from the King of Denmarke who being a contemporary and confederate with the States of Holland durst not but dance after their Pipe and as soon as the ghastly wound between the two States began to fester he departed the Land About which time the Parliament considering the condition of the English Merchants trading into the East Countrey whose Ships to avoid the danger of the Dutch men of Warre then in the Sound had put themselves into the protection of the King of Denmarke but durst not venture home without a Convoy sent a Fleet of 18 men of Warre of good force to fetch them home being in number 22 and laden with such Commodities as the English had speciall occasion for and without which they could not prosecute the warre with the Dutch Accordingly Sept. 1â—th they set saile out of Yarmouth roade and on the 20th they came to an Anchor within two Leagues of Elsenore-Castle whence the Commander in chief sent a Letter to the Governour of Elsenore by the Greyhound Frigot and another to the Danish Admirall to desire them to acquaint the King with their coming and for what with a Letter to the Merchants and Masters of the English Ships at at Copenhagen to addresse themselves to the King for the speedy release of their Ships then shut up within the Boomes and Copenhagen but a mile short of the Castle the Ship was stopt Next morning the Captain went up with his Boat and delivered his Message and Letters which availed nothing so that another was sent to the Merchants and a Messenger to the King but without successe for he could not be admitted to speech with or sight of him At length two Lord were sent to Elsenore unto whom two English Captains repair'd and urged the restoring the Ships and instead of answering to the businesse they asked The severall transactions between the English and King of Denmarke Why their Ambassadour had not audience Whether they had a Letter from the State of England to their King Why they came so boldly upon his Majesties Streames and so neer his House and Castle with such a mighty Fleet without three weeks notice beforehand All these being impertinent to the businesse a positive answer was urged by the English and on the 26th of Sept. they received a Letter from the King That he would secure them for the Merchants as carefully as he had done but would not deliver them to them Whereupon the Merchants and Seamen being destitute of all hopes of the releasement of their Ships lest them and came home with this Fleet who on the 27th of Sept. left the Sound and steer'd their course for Enggland and on the last of Sept. the Admirall of the Fleet commanded by Capt. Ball ran on shore on the Coast of Shutland and was there lost but her men saved this Ship carrying the light it was miraculous that the rest of the Fleet were not all lost this Ship was called the Antelope an excellent Frigot and carried above 50 brasse Guns a little after that they took about 20 Busses a Dutch man of Warre and a Freebooter of 20 Guns and on the 15th of Octob. arrived safe in Burlington Bay Not long after this an Agent by Name Bradshaw was sent to the King of Denmarke so see if yet by fair meanes they could obtain their desires but in vain for he did not only detain the Ships but at length unladed them and sold the Goods Which incivilities towerds those that never injur'd him in the least but defir'd by all fair means to enter into Amity with him may one day by the good providence of God be requited and avenged The Hollanders drunk with rage and greedy of revenge for those rubs the English had lately given them and for the continuall losse of their Ships daily surpris'd and in great numbers brought into our Channel used their utmost care and industry in rigging and setting forth their Fleet which notwithstanding the season of the year they effected and Decemb. 20th they appeared on the backside of Goodwin Sands being 90 men of Warre and â—o Fireships the English under Gen. Blake were but 42 and not half of them man'd most of the best Ships being laid up when there was most need of them which default without doubt was caused through the improvident treacherous sinister and slothfull actings of such as then steer'd the helme of this State whom God in his due time will bring to a reckoning for their miscarriages The English notwithstanding the paucity of their number The Dutch English engage and the English are worsted resolved to go out and fight them and Nov. 30th beâ—ng fair weather both Fleets plied to the Westward and about eleven of the clock that day were both engaged the English having got the Weathergage in this fight half of the English Fleet as small as it was came not up pretending want of Men insomuch that a few Ships of the English bore the brunt of that fight with the whole Fleet of the Dutch the Vanguard and the Victory engaging with 20 of the Dutch from first to last and yet got cleer of them all In the evening the Garland The Garland and Bonadventure are taken an English Ship of above 40 Guns was boarded by two Dutch Flag-Ships and after she had blown up her decks for want of men was taken The Bonadventure a Merchants Ship attempting to relieve the Garland was boarded yet cleer'd her decks severall times the Captain whereof being slain the Ship was at length taken Gen. Blake going in the Triumph to relieve the Garland had his foretopmast shot by the board was twice boarded and yet got off safe as did all the rest except the two aforementioned which though they fetcht not farre yet dearly bought two other Ships likewise fell into the hands of the Dutch presently after the Fight but both Merchants Ships Gen. Blake upon this with his Fleet withdrew into Lee-road to be reinforc't with Ships and Men. This Victory such as you have heard made the Dutch greatly rejoyce and insult such is the vanity and levity of those which gaze on the meer outside of things as they present themselves at first view Nay by their Ambassadors they made the news thereof to eccho in most of the Princes Courts in Christendome Mirum autem quantum fama popularis addidit fabulae But the English like a Bear robbed of her whelps and awakned at this sudden eclipse of their glory splendour
perceived a ratling in her throat a Fellow standing by stamped upon her breast and belly yet Doctor Petty and two or three more then present fell speedily to use some means to bring her to life and opened a vein laid her in a warm bed procur'd a woman to go into bed to her and continued the use of divers other remedies having respect to her sencelesnesse head throat and breast so that in a few hours she spake the next day talked and coughed very heartily and in short space perfectly recovered Upon which first her reprieve and then her pardon was procur'd After this she as upon the Gallows still insisted upon her innocency and integrity in relation to the fact for which she was condemned And indeed this was look'd upon as a speciall providence of God thus to deliver her who in the judgements of those that understood the businesse was deemed guiltlesse Herein did the hand of God wonderfully appear in detecting the unadvised actings of men and in shewing us the danger we are in when we are sway'd either by passion or prejudice against the meanest of his Creatures The Parliament weighing how prone the people were to adore the shadow of the late King though the substance was destroy'd caused his Statue that was set up at the West end of the Cathedrall of St Paul to be pulled down and that also in the Royall Exchange over which they caused to be wrote this Motto Exit Tyrannus Regum Ultimus Anno Libertatis Angliae restitutae Primo Anno Domini 1648. January 30. They likewise caus'd that badge of Monarchy the Kings Arms to be defaced and expung'd out of all Churches Chappels and places of publike worship and Courts of Judicature throughout their Dominions and this indeed was a means to make the giddy people forget the Garlick and Onyons of Egypt they much hankerd after And to adde a more splendid lustre to their strength and greatnesse they were highly courted by Embassadours from the Neighbouring Nations viz. Holland Spain and Portugall yet the crafty Hollander held at a distance as rather willing the prosperity of the Royall party then heartily desiring or effectually endeavouring a peace with them The Spaniard as he had better ends so had he better successe though in all his addresses he was still reminded of his suspending and delaying the execution of justice upon the Assassinates of the English Resident at Madrid since which time till now the controversie between the King and Church about that businesse hath been in debate The Portugall Embassadour after audience had before a Committee of Parliament The Portugal Ambassadour dismist home and several applications unto them not being fully impowerd to give a plenary satisfaction to the state for their vast expences and to the Merchants for their great losses all occasioned by them was at length dismist Embassadours extraordinary were sent from the Parliament of England to the States of the United Provinces their Names were Oliver St John and Walter Strickland English Ambassadors are sent into Holland men of singular parts and of approved integrity who in gallant equipage with a magnificent train of followers set sail from the Downs March 11. 1651. On the 12th towards Evening they came to anchor before Hellevoit slugs but not without some danger On the 13 they went in Boats to Roterdam being met with vessels from the States then by the English Merchants were conducted to the English house and nobly entertain'd During their stay there the Spanish Embassador sent a Gentleman to congratulate their sase Arrivall and to desire there might be a fair correspondency and right understanding between their Lordships and him About two or three daies after they set forward for the Hague where by the way the Master of the Ceremonies with about 30 Coaches met them and entertain'd them with some Complements and conducted them to a House at the Hague prepar'd for their reception where they were feasted three daies by the States and then had audience where the Lord St John made a Learned and Eloquent Speech in the English tongue and then delivered a Copy thereof in Dutch and English they have audience the heads whereof were in effect as follows That they were sent over to the High and Mighty States of the Netherlands from the Parliament of the Common-wealth of England to make a firm League and Confederacy between the two Republiques if they think fit to accept thereof notwithstanding the many injuries the English have sustain'd from the Dutch Nation Secondly To renew and confirm those former Treaties and Agreements of Trade and commerce made between the two Nations Thirdly He shewed them the notable advantages of England in respect of the pleasant and commodious scituation thereof for the advancement of trade and all other accommodations Lastly He told them he was commanded by the Parliament of the Common-wealth of England to let their Lordships know how highly they resented the execrable murther of Dr Dorislaus their Agent and that he doubted not but that their Lordships would use their utmost care and industry in causing a strict and diligent search to be made after the Authours thereof After which the States being acquainted with the many affronts the Ambassadors Gentlemen and others their attendants had receiv'd from English Cavaliers and other ruffians drew up a Proclamation and sent it to the Ambassadours by the Lord Catz to know whether they judged it full enough the contents whereof was To forbid all manner of persons whatsoever from giving any affront either in word or deed to any of the Ambassadours retinue upon pain of corporall punishment Three moneths was now spent in this tedious and costly Embassie and nothing obtain'd save affronts and abuses of all kindes and the Sword of Justice not drawn in their behalf against any one of that riotous rabble that so frequently swarm'd at the Ambassadours gates assaulting their servants and reviling their persons of which injuries the Parliament being deeply sensible and wearied with expectation of what fruits this Treaty would produce Resolved That seeing all their Proposals and endeavours for a lasting and well grounded Peace were answered with dilatory shifts and evasions on purpose to gain time upon the English till they saw on which side the chance of war in Scotland would fall to call home their Ambassadours which sudden and unexpected news did so surprise the Hoghen Mogens that they courted them with frequent and unusuall visits and with a multitude of feigned expressions they return into England laboured to beget a good opinion in the English of the reality of their intentions towards an amicable compliance with this Nation notwithstanding all which the Ambassadours soon after return into England infecta pace That which gave further cause of jealousie to the English that the Dutch plaid an underhand game with them was because Admirall Van-Trumpe with a Fleet of Ships lay hovering upon the Coasts of Scilly as though he would
produc'd no more then a mutuall desire of an amicable compliance yet was it very well resented by the Parliament that they shew'd themselves the leading cards to the rest of the Provinces at such a time as that Now whenas the Treaty at Breda was fully ended and that all their Jealousies and animosities notwithstanding the vast disproportion and notable antipathy that was erewhile between the Royallists and Presbyterians was by this means fully allay'd at least in shew The Scots seem'd to want nothing save the presence of their King wherby to crown their desires and confront the English in order whereunto He hasts from Breda to the Hague from thence to Scheveling where he took shipping and at last in despight of foul weather and the English Kingfishers that lay there to intercept him he landed at the Spey in the North of Scotland where he found the greatest difficulty in ascending the Throne and least enjoy'd it of any Prince that was ever heard or read of For upon all occasions he was compeld to trace the steps and follow the dictates of that haughty Clergy in all their fanatick humours and imperious decrees who bereav'd him first of all his old friends Counsellors and confederates whether of the Clergy or Layety who to say the truth had alwayes accompanied his Father and Him in all their disasters and dangers and had shipwrackt their own fortunes to carine and repair his though it may be by this desertion he intended their restauration But now the Scots had a King yet as though they had none they did what seem'd right in their own eyes The first and most pernicious potion they made him to take and of hardest digestion was the Solemne League and Covenant that ignis fatuus and only seminary of bloud and mischief in these three Nations The next was a Declaration of the Kirks own framing and fashioning wherein he is taught to renounce the sinnes of his Fathers house and of his own the Idolatry of his Mother by a constant adhering to the Cause of God according to the Covenant in the firm establisment of Church-government as it is laid down in the Directory for publike Worship Confession of Faith and Catechisme This with divers others of the like nature although with much reluctancy he also signed which its like burthen'd his spirit yet better'd not his condition which was like that of a Child under Tutors and Governors for there was not an Officer in that Church or Commonwealth how vile and abject soever in place or person but enjoy'd more freedom in body and minde then he Guarded indeed he was but little regarded so that move he must not but in the sphaere of the Kirk they were the primum mobile whereby its apparent that the Government of that Nation was not truly Monarchicall though they had a King but Hierarchicall the confusion whereof I shall now set before you The Parliament of England weighing right well the condition into which their affairs were now reduc'd by reason of the Agreement that was peec'd up between the Scots and their King after a serious and solemne debate voted that Thomas Lord Fairfax with the Army under his command should march Northwards who after some conference had with the Parliament and being prompted by an indisposition of body or minde laid down his Commission which was forthwith confer'd upon Oliver Cromwell Lord Deputy of Ireland Gen. Fairfax laies down his Commission which was presently confer'd upon General Cromwell Lord Deputy of Ireland who in order to this Northern expedition arriv'd a while after from his victorious atchievements in that country leaving his Son in Law Henry as Lord Deputy in his room Accordingly Orders were issued forth for the speedy advance of the Army into Scotland who had no sooner begun their March but the Scots took the Alarme and sent two or three Papers to Sr Arthur Haslerig then Governour of Newcastle wherein they expostulated the Case about the sudden approach of the English Army endeavouring thereby to impede their march till such time as their designes were ripe alledging as scar-Crowes to fright fooles the Covenant the large Treaty and Union between the two Nations with other circumstances of the like nature as frivolous as they were fruitlesse The Parliament of England then published likewise a Declaration shewing the grounds and reasons of their Armies advance towards Scotland accompanied with another from the Generall and Officers of the Army shewing that that which moov'd them to that great undertaking was not any reliance upon the arm of flesh The Declaration of the English Army in their march to Scotland or being lifted up with the remembrance of former successes or the desire of accomplishing any designes of their own that they had forelaid but the full assurance they had that their Cause was just in the sight of God looking at the precedent changes and the successes that produc'd them not as the work of the policy or strength of man but as the eminent actings of the Providence and Power of God to bring forth his good will and pleasure concerning the things which he hath determined in the world adding That nothing was predominant with them next to their duty to their duty to God not to betray a cause to which he had so much witnessed as the love they had to those that feared God there who might possibly suffer through their own mistakes or their disability to distinguish in a common calamity of which Christian love they hoped that they gave some proof when they were before in Scotland with that Army and were by God made instrumentall to break the power of those that oppressed the godly Party there for which say they their late Engagement to their new King against England was no good requital nor their heaping on them the reproach of a Sectarian Army a Christian dealing all which by the grace of God they could forget and forgive and did as they say desire of God that the precious might be separated from the vile beginning and concluding with a most solemn and dreadfull imprecation and appeal That to the truth of these things the God of Heaven in his great mercy pardoning their weaknesses would judge of them when they came to meet the Enemy in the Field This Declaration was sent by the Generall of the English Forces from their Head-Quarters at Barwick to Edenburgh by a Trumpeter whom they blinded coming and going what effect this wrought the sequel of the Story will relate From Barwick the Army marched to the Lord Mordingtons House July 22. 1650. where they lay three daies on the 25. they marched to Copperspeth the 26. to Dunbar where they received some provisions from the Ships sent on purpose to attend the motions of the Army forasmuch as the people of the Countrey had forsook their habitations and had left nothing behinde that might accommodate them The Army thus refresht at Dunbar marcht thence to Haddington Next day hearing
the Scots would meet them at Gladsmore they laboured to possesse the Moor before them but no considerable part appeared whereupon Major Generall Lambert and Collonel Whalley men of approved courage with 1400. Horse were sent as a Vauntguard to Mussleborough to attempt something upon the Enemy if possible The General with the residue of the Army marching in the rear the English and Scotch Horse had some encounters but the Scots would not endure the Shock that Night the English lay encamp'd close at Mussleborough The Enemy was within four miles of them intrenched with a Line flank'd from Edenburgh to Leith the Guns from Leith scouring most parts of the Line so that they lay very strong The English finding their Enemies were not easily to be attempted lay still all that day being the 20. which proved a sore day of rain and greatly disadvantagious to them having nothing to cover them all which expecting a speedy engagement they did cheerfully undergo it next day being the 30. the ground very wet and provisions being scarce the English resolved to draw to their Quarters at Mussleborough to refresh and re-victuall which while they were doing the Scots fell upon their rear and put them to some disorder But some bodies of the English Horse came forthwith to close with them which produc'd a hot and gallant skirmish insomuch that at length the English charg'd them so home that they beat them to their very Trenches Major General Lambert in this dispute was run through the arm with a Lance and wounded in another part of the body taken prisoner but rescued by Lieutenant Empson of the Generals Regiment severall of the Scots were kil'd and taken Prisoners with small losse to the English among the rest there was taken one Lieutenant Colonel one Major and some Captains some persons of note were likewise slain By this means the English had opportunity to march quietly off to Mussleborugh which they did that night but so wearied for want of sleep and tired with the dirtinesse of the waies that they expected the Enemy would make a sudden infall upon them which accordingly they did Between three and four of the Clock next morning being the 30. of July with 15 select Troops of Horse under the Command of Major General Montgomery and Col. Straughan who came on with great resolution beat in the English Guards and put a Regiment of Horse into some disorder but the English presently taking the Alarm charged routed pursued and did execution upon them within a quarter of a mile of Edenburgh taking and killing many as well Officers as Souldiers the Scotch affairs succeeding in this sort made them forbear such frequent sallies and keep within their intrenchments This was the posture of the Military affairs of Scotland when to adde to the miseries of that people all traffique and commerce was prohibited between the two Nations And such of the Scots as had their residence in England were commanded to depart the Land within ten daies or thereabouts their Ships not able to resist having no Convoy were often surpriz'd by the English Insomuch that they were in the road way to ruine But seeing this Moneth of August produced little of Action from the Armies there it wil not be amisse to give a brief account of such remarkable passages as about that time hapned in England and the Neighbouring Nations At London was apprehended condemned Col. Andrews beheaded at Tower-hill and executed Colonel Eusâ—bius Andrews who being taken wâ—th a Commission from Charles Stuart and for entring into a conspiracy to undermine the Government of England suffered death as aforesaid From the United Provinces came accompt of some notable transactions which takes as followeth The Prince of Orange Brother in Law to the Scots King by marrying his Sister Daughter to the late King of England aspiring to a higher degree of Soveraignty over those Provinces then he or his Predecessors ever enjoyed and being thwarted in some of his projects when he was at Amsterdam he thereupon was so distasted that he resolved to right himself by securing and putting out the leading men in that Province of Holland for which purpose he caused all the Deputies thereof being then at the Hagne to assembled which they refusing he seiz'd most of them those of Amsterdam whom he chiefly desir'd escap'd onely His next design was to have surpriz'd the City of Amsterdam by a stratagem commanding the Horse to such a place under pretence of conducting his Mother and shipped his Infantry at Utrech in the ordinary Passage-Boats to come all night that they might be there early next morning and the horse to have their Rendezvouz upon the Heath between Naerden and Amesford about midnight and to be at the Ports of the Town at the moment appointed By which time the foot should have seized on the Regulars and the S. Tuniâ—s Ports and have opened a passage for the Horse to enter which design if by a wonderfull providence of God in sending a fierce storm of rain that night the intended march of the Horse had not been hindred from coming to the place and time appointed had in all probability taken effect Nor had the Town known any thing thereof tâ—ll too late But the Hamburgh Post as he was coming to the Town met with severall parties of Horse riding to and fro about Amesford and the Heath yet who they were he knew not Hereof the Lords being informed straitway caus'd the Ports to be shut the Bridges drawn the Guards set the Ordinance planted and all warlike preparations to be made and all this while not knowing their enemies But they were not long in suspence for notice was soon given that it was Count William with his Forces whose designments being thus defeated the Prince of Orange accosts the Town with this following Letter Worshipfull Prudent Discreet Sirs and my very good Friends WHen I was last in the City for the service of the Countrey I was so strangely entertained that not to be subject to the like hereafter I found it expedient to send Count William with the Troops following him into your City and ordered him to keep all things in peace and quiet there that I might not be hindred by any ill-affected in such things as yet I have to propound unto you touching the service of the Countrey wherein I require your good assistance And in confidence thereof commending you to the protection of the most High I remain Hague Iuly 29. 1650. Your Good Friend W. Prince of Orange This stratagem projected with so much secrecy and subtlety failing Count William drew off his Forces to severall Posts with intent to block up the Town which being in a posture of defence opened their sluces and set the Land under water round about and having so done they sent a Trumpeter to Count William to know the reason of that so sudden approach and to desire him to retreat with his Army who returned answer that he could do nothing
till he heard from the Prince of Orange yet a little after he thought fit to quit his station and retire yet the Deputies of Holland being fast in the Castle of Lovenstaine the Prince of Orange had the advantage of making his own conditions which were these 1. That the Town of Amsterdam shall agree with the other six Provinces for continuing the Militia as it is now setled for four or five years 2. That the Prince shall repair to their City at pleasure and be received upon his entry with all respect and reverence as was used in times past to his predecessors Lieutenants of Holland and have access into their Assemblies 3. That the Lords of Amsterdam shall at the next Assembly of the States use their utmost endeavours to allay all jealousies and to reconcile differences in reference to the late action and bury all in oblivion 4. That the Lords Andrew and Cornelius Bicher shall forthwith be removed from Government with respect had to their good Names Integrity and future Security and if after they have had conference with his Highnesse the Prince of Orange he shall persist in his opinion touching them that then they shall be rendred uncapable of any Government hereafter Now though by this means he brought the States under his Lure and subjugated them to his humour yet this was not the prize he run for his greatest hopes and highest thoughts being fix'd on that inexhaustible treasure then in the bank at Amsterdam with which he might not only have rais'd his declining state but also mount to an absolute degree of Soveraignty and Supremacy over that people and likewise might have contributed much towards the repairing the despicable and needy fortunes of his Brother in Law the Scots King to the troubling and disquieting the peace and tranquillity of these three Nations to all which it pleased God of his goodnesse to give a check The State of France had likewise a plentifull share in those incumbrances and common calamities that are incident to Nations and people by reason of forreign and domestique broyls The present Cardinall Mazarine was lookt upon as the very efficient cause of all their civill discords and the only eye-soar of that miserable people not much unlike the late blazing Star of Canterbury in England both Church men and yet both Statesmen of like Interest with their King and of like power over the people both alike emulated by the Nobility for their Greatnesse and of the Commonalty for their grievances But like Fate hath not befell them For this Cardinall is neither out of favour with his Prince nor is he fallen into the hands of the people for though they have often shewed their teeth it hath never been in their power to bite For during the minority of the present King of France Lewis the 14. the sole management of State-affairs hath been in the hands of the Queen Regent and her beloved Favourite Cardinall Mazarine at which after some years forbearance the chief of the Nobility utter'd their discontents both privately and publikely whereupon three of them were arrested and sent to prison viz. Lewis de Bourbon Prince of Conde Armant de Bourbon Prince of Conti and the Duke of Longueville this administred fresh occasion to the people to breathe out their discontents those of Burdeaux against the Duke of Espernon more especially but all against the Cardinall So that on a sudden the whole Kingdome was inflam'd with civil wars and the appurtenances thereunto belonging The principall promoters of and actors in those tumults were two famous Amazones the Princesse of Conde and the Dutchesse of Longueville in behalf of their imprison'd husbands Many others of quality appear'd also in their behalf and to make themselves the more formidable contracted an underhand bargain with the Spaniard who greedy to fish in such troubled waters supplied them with considerable summes of money The Parliaments of Burdeaux Paris Dijon Tholouse c. countenanced these designs in opposition to the Cardinall and his creatures So that in short space Armies were raised on both sides Towns garrison'd taken and re-taken many mens lives lost and the Countrey prey'd upon by all parties The Spaniard being not only a fomenter of but an actor in these portentous divisions for by this means he had the opportunity to march to and fro in that Nation without any considerable opposition taking Garrisons and wasting the Countrey at his pleasure These Insurrections after many ebbing and flowings strange Revolutions and transmigrations too tedious here to insert at length produc'd the liberty of the Princes the withdrawing the Duke of Espernon from Bourdeaux the banishing the Cardinall with all his kindred and friends from the Court and Kingdom yet was he longer banishing then banished for it was not many moneths ere he return'd in great pomp and glory to the extream grief of his old malecontents and competitors the Prince of Conde the Duke of Orleance and others as appears by the present troubles wherewith that servile people is yet afflicted where praying for their deliverance I shall leave them and return to the more proper subject of this discourse viz. the English affairs in Scotland The moneth of August was neer done and little action perform'd save the taking of Collington house and Readhall by storm and in it the Laird Hamilton Major Hamilton and 60 Souldiers 60 Barrels of Pouder 100 Arms great store of Meal Malt Beer Wine and other rich plunder This was done on the 24th of Aug. 1650. The body of the English Army remov'd forthwith from Pencland Hills to Collington Readhall and other parts within a mile of the whole Army of the Scots on the 27th both Armies march'd side by side a great bog only betwixt them which hindred an engagement yet the great Guns plaid on both sides Aug. 28th the Canon from the English Camp plaid hard upon the Enemy and greatly annoy'd them all which provoked them not to fight but still they kept within the protection of the Bog The English being in some want of Provisions drew off to their old Quarters at Pencland Hills then with much difficulty to Mussleburrough to recruit which done they drew off their Forces quitted their Garrisons and marched to Haddington the Scots attending on their right wing fell into their Quarters with a resolute Party and were as valiantly repuls'd by a Regiment of Foot commanded by Coll. Fairfax Septemb. 1. The Scots being so advantagiously drawn up at the west end of the Town the English drew Eastward into fair and champion ground fit for both Armies to engage in but finding after severall hours expectation of the enemies approach that they would not move after them but to dog them to advantages they marched towards Dunbar whether the Scots mov'd apace after them and at a Passe endeavoured to fall upon the rear which the English perceiving fac'd about to fight them whereupon the Scots drew off to the Hills perceiving their advantage lay there to impede the
English at the Passe at Copperspeth which being effected they brag'd they had the English in Essex his pound meaning they had them upon the same lock the King had the Earl of Essex at in Cornwall so ready are men to promise wonders to themselves while they confer but with their own desires The English were indeed invironed with all manner of apparent dangers their Forces were lessned their bodies weakned with Fluxes their strength wasted with watchings in want of drink wet and cold weather they were alwaies accompanied with and much impaired in point of courage 2000 at least being disabled for present service were sent at severall times to Barwick The Generall and his Councell of Officers finding the Army unfit for further delayes The Scots defeated at Dunbar resolved next morning to break through that their â—sraelitish condition by falling on the right wing of the Scots and either force a passage that way or perish in the attempt and being imbattail'd by break of day accordingly they fell upon the enemy with Horse and Foot very unanimously who to hinder the English at a Passe drew up all their Horse upon their right wing and valiantly receiv'd the onset The Word of the English was The Lord of Hosts and that of the Scots was The Covenant The English as men indued with new strength from on high vigorously prest forward as resolved to become absolute vanquishers or to die Martyrs After one hours sharp dispute the Scots were wholly routed their Cavilry fled and the Infantry were all or most of them slain and taken to the number of about 15000. There were taken 200 Colours 10 Collonels 12 Lieutenant Collonels 9 Majors 47 Captains 72 Lieutenants 80 Ensignes besides Cornets and Quartermasters 22 Pieces of Ordnance with severall smaller Pieces about 15000 Arms those of Quality taken were the Lord Libberton and his Sonne the Lord Cranston Sr James Lumsdale Liutenant Gen. of the Foot Adjutant Gen. Bickerton Scoutmaster Generall Cambill c. At this engagement all the Forces of the English would not amount to 1200 and the Scots were in number more then 20000. And as there was a generall Fast throughout England to implore a blessing from Heaven upon the proceedings of their Army in Scotland so likewise there was appointed a solemne day of Thanksgiving to Almighty God for this mighty Victory obtain'd over the Scots in the fields of Dunbar Sept. 3. 1650. in the observation whereof many of the Clergy shew'd themselves very froward and obstinate of whom I shall have occasion to speak more hereafter Scot. 7th 4 Regiments of Foot marched into Lieth where they found 37 Guns mounted on Platforms some Shot and Ammunition with store of wealth The same day the Lord Gen. Cromwell drew the rest of his Army both Horse and Foot into Edenburrough without any losse save the Arm of a Souldier taken off by a Canon bullet from the Castle Sept. 6th being Sabbath day Generall Cromwell sent a Trumpeter into the Castle to invite the Ministers to come to their severall Charges which they refused so that the English supplied their places For some certain time the Army was busied in compleating the Fortifications at Lieth the most commodious Harbor for their accommodation in all Scotland Gen. Cromwell after he had caused a Protection for Markets and Liberty of Trade in Edenburrough and Lieth to be proclaimed by beat of Drum and sound of Trumpet marched forward Sep. 14th with his Army to Netherish 6 miles from Edenburrough leaving Maj. Gen. Overton with his Brigade behind Sep. 15th the Army marched beyond Linlithgow but by reason of the extremity of the weather they were forc't to quarter there that night Sep. 16th they marched towards Falkirke and from thence Sep. 17th within a mile of Sterling Sep. 18th a Councell of Warre was called and a Letter drawn up to be sent into the Town expressing their constant affection to and tendernesse of the People of Scotland which though they had not taken the desired effect yet being so far advanc'd into the Country with their Army they now desired them to take into consideraiton their former Papers and deliver up that place for the service of the Commonwealth of England A Trumpeter being sent with the Letter a Gentleman on foot with a Pike in his hand met him and told him They would not let him come in nor receive his Letter In the afternoon came a Trumpeter from the Scots desiring a release of Prisoners upon ranâ—ome To which Generall Cromwell answered That they came not thither to make merchandize of Men or to get gain to themselves but for the service and security of the Commonwealth of England The same day Orders were issued forth for the Horse and Foot to march towards Sterling in order to a storm Ladders and all other necessaries being provided for that purpose but the strength of the enemy and of the place with other disadvantages being considered it was resolved that the Army should draw off which accordingly they did Sep. 19. and marched to Linlithgow which when the Generall and his Officers had viewed order was given for making severall Works for the security of the place conceiving it might make a very considerable frontier Garrison lying in the heart of the Country between Edinburrough and Sterling whence leaving there 5 Troops of Horse and 6 Companies of Foot Gen. Cromwell with the rest of the Army marched back to Edenburrough Sept. 23. The Gen. and Officers kept a day of Humiliation About the same time the Kirk party also appointed a solemne Fast 1. To humble themselves for their too much confidence in the arm of flesh 2. For the malignity and prophanenesse of their Army 3. For the Plunderings and wickednesse of their Army when they were in England 4. For their not sufficient purging their Army 5. For their Commissioners unlawfull and surreptitious manner of prosecuting the Treaty with their King and their crooked wayes in bringing him home 6. For their not sufficient purging the Kings house 7. For the just grounds they have that his Majesties Repentance was not found nor from the heart From which time to the moneths end little was done save that Gen. Cromwell took order for the effectuall reducing of the Castle of Edinburrough for which purpose many miners both Scotch and English were procur'd to expedite the businesse Sep. â—0 The English went so neer the works of the Castle as they carried away one of the Scots Colours 300 Muskets with other Arms without any losse Octob. 1. The Scots Galleries went on in order to springing the Mines they sent many great and small shot among them yet nothing retarded the work Octob. 2. the English made a search in the high Church at Edenburgh and found there one great Iron Gun 200 new Muskets 16 barrels of Pouder 6â— bundles of Bandileers 200 Swords 200 new Halberts 300 new Pikes and two load of Match That which was done the remaining part of this moneth was chiefly
Dunotter Castle Dunbarton Castle vvith severall others so that the whole Realme of Scotland was after a passage gain'd into Fife with little or no difficulty subdued and made tributary to the Republique of England The Scots Army The Scots enter the City of Worcester after many halts and skirmishes long and taedious marches vveakned in their bodies and distracted in their mindes decreasing rather then increasing at length put into Worcester whence the King sent out his Letters mandatory to Sr Thomas Middleton to raise forces for him and to Col. Mackworth Governour of Shrewsbury to the like purpose as he did to others also but without successe He vvas likewise proclaim'd King of Great Britain France and Irelrnd in most places vvhere he came which blast of Honour like Jonah's Gourd quickly vanisht for alas by this project of theirs of coming into England they run themselves into inevitable danger as the Poet sayes Decidit in Syllam qui vult vitare Charybdim being environed on all sides with the Militia Forces of the severall Counties of the Nation besides Gen. Cromwels Army they so much dreaded there was likewise a considerable body of Horse and Foot under Maj. Gen. Lambert and Harrison that attended their motions Col. Robert Lilburne was left in Lancashire to hinder the Earl of Derby from raising Forces in those parts other parties were dispos'd into severall other places to hinder the enemy of Provision or stop their flight as occasion should be The Earl of Derby being landed as vvas expected at Wyewater in Lancashire with about 300 Gentlemen and others endeavour'd to raise the Country while the English were busied at Worcester and in short space by the accession of Papist Royallists and discontented Presbyterians they encreas'd to the number of 1500 Gen. Cromwels Regiment of Foot being then at Manchester was appointed to meet Col. Lilburn at Preston To prevent this conjunction The Earl of Derby routed in Lancashire the enemy bent their course towards Manchester to surprize the said Regiment whereupon Col. Lilburn assay'd to flank the enemy in their march and by that means to joyn with those Foot which the enemy perceiv'd and prest to engage Now though Col. Lilburn was overmatcht with Foot in point of number whereby the dispute proved taedious and difficult yet in the space of an hour the enemy was totally routed many persons of quality were taken as Col. Leg Col. John Robinson Col. Bayns Col. Gerard 4 Lieut. Col. 1 Major 4 Captains 2 Lieutenants 20 Gentlemen and Reformadoes 500 Common Souldiers with all their baggage Sumpters Arms and Ammunition the Earl of Derby's George Garter and other robes with badges of the Order but he himself escaped and recovered Worcester There vvere slain the Lord Widrington Sr Thomas Tildesly Col. Matth. Boynton Sr William Throgmorton Sr Francis Gamuel with some other inferior Officers and about 60 private Souldiers Of the Parliaments Party but 10 were slain but many wounded For this peece of service Col. Lilburn was bountifully rewarded as he indeed deserved Gen. Cromwell who by delayes never contributed to approaching dangers with his Army came to Worcester before he was either expected or desired by his Adversaries whenas the whole Army was presently disposed about the City in order to a close begirting thereof The first remarkable attempt was the possessing a Passe upon the Severne at a place called Upton which was done by a party led on by Maj. Gen. Lambert and was presently made good by Lieut. Gen. Fleetwoods Brigade who marched towards the River Teame over which was made a Bridge of Boats and another over Severne on the Generals side upon which the enemy took the Alarme and drew out Horse and Foot to oppose the Lieut. Generals passage to whose relief there was commanded over Colonell Inglesbyes and Col. Fairfax Regiments of Foot the Generals Lifeguard and Col. Hackers Regiment of Horse all which were led on by Gen. Cromwell in person then was commanded over likewise Col. Goffs and Maj. Gen. Deans Regiments who sell to scouring the hedges which the enemy had lined and beat them from hedge to hedge and being seconded by a fresh supply after about an hours sharp dispute the enemy was forced to give ground and fly to Powick bridge where with about three Regiments more they maintained another hot dispute but at length quitted their ground also and ran into Worcester except some that were taken After which renewing their courage they drew out what Horse and Foot they could on the Generals side thinking most of his Army had been on the other side making a bold and resolute sally wherby the Generals men were forced a little to retire but the scales presently turn'd and in such sort that the enemy was totally routed both Horse and Foot their Works and Fort-Royall were taken and their Canon turned upon themselves the Town also was straitway entred and sack'd The Scots routed at Worcester Sept. 3. 5651. most of the Scots Infantry were slain and taken but of their Horse above 3000 escap'd of which Col. Barton lying about Bewdly with some Horse and Dragoons took neer upon a thousand Col. Lilburn with the Gener. Regiment of Foot met with the Earl of Derby that lately so narrowly mist his hands with the Earl of Lauderdaile and above an hundred persons of quality more In this engagement and the gleanings thereof there were taken Prisoners neer 10000 and about 3000 slain Those of Quality taken were Duke Hamilton Earl Lauderdaile Earl of Rothes Earl of Carnwarth Earl of Shrewsbury Sir John Packington Sir Charles Cunningham Sir Ralph Clare Lo. Spine Lord Sinclare Earl of Cleveland Earl of Derby Earl of Kelly Col. Graves Mr Richard Fanshaw Secretary to the Scots King 6 Col. of Horse 13 of Foot 9 Lieu. Col. of Horse 8. of Foot 6 Majors of Horse 13 Maj. of Foot 37 Capt. of Horse 72 Capt. of Foot 55 Quartermasters of Horse 89 Lieutenants of Foot Maj. Gen. Pitscotty Maj. Gen. Montgomery the Lieutenant Gen. of the Ordnance Adjut Generall of the Foot the Marshall Quartermaster Generall Waggonmaster Generall 76 Cornets of Horse 99 Ensignes of Foot 30 of the Kings servants 9 Ministers 9 Chirurgions 158 Colours the Kings Standard Coach and Horses with other rich goods and his collar of SS Many Parties were taken besides in severall other places as Warwickshire Shropshire Lancashire Cheshire Yorkshire c. insomuch that few of that great Body escaped but were either killed or taken Maj. Gen. Massey being sorely wounded surrendred himself to the Countesse of Stamford and by the Lord Grey of Groby her Sonne was secur'd and sent to London whence in short space he made an escape In another place was taken Maj. Gen. Middleton and Lieut. Gen. David Lesley so that I may say the gleanings of this Victory were not much inferior to the harvest thereof Neer this time most of the Nobility and Gentry of Scotland were taken at a place called Ellet in that Nation where
they were assembled to propagate the Royall designes viz. Old Gen. Lesley Earl Marshall Lord of Keith Earl of Craford Lord Ogilby Lord Burgoiny Lord Huntly Lord Lee with many Knights Gentlemen and Ministers all which were soon after shipt and sent for England Such was the fate that attended the Scots and their King that He who a few dayes before was proclaimed King of Great Britain had now neither Camp nor Garrison nor lodging to flie unto or safely to repose himself in for shelter 500lb sterling being offer'd to any that should detect him which not withstanding he escaped making a disguised peregrination through City and Country till he met with a fit opportunity for his transportation into France where he now is Yet of the great number of his friends adherents and followers that were taken none of quality suffered but the Earl of Derby Earl of Derby beheaded who was beheaded at Bolton in Lancashire and Sir Tim. Fetherston others of lesse not were executed at Chester Shrewsbury and other places Nor did the Royallists themselves expect any other or better fortune would attend them in this invasion then that you have heard as appears by Duke Hamiltons Letter to Mr. Will. Crofts taken among other Papers a few dayes before the fight the summe whereof follows WE are all laughing at the ridiculousnesse of our condition Duke Hamiltons Letter who having quit Scotland being scarce able to maintain it yet we graspe at all and nothing but all will satisfie us or to lose all I confesse I cannot tell whether our hopes or fears are greatest but we have one stout Argument and that is despair for we must now either shortly fight or die All the Rognes have left us I will not say whether for fear or disloyalty but allnow with his Majesty are such as will not dispute his Commands So that you see this undertaking was not the product of a mature and deliberate councell but of necessity and desperation Soon after this the Parliament took order for reducing the two Islands of Jersey and Man that had been and would still be notable receptacles for the entertaining all manner of fugitives and disaffected persons In order to which businesse Col. Hayne with about 2 Regiments of Foot and 2 Troops of Horse on the 14th of Octob. 1651. were shipt at Weymouth for Jersey they were in all eighty Vessels and set sayl Octob. 17. but a storm forced them in again On the 19th they set sayl again and about 12 that night came to an Anchor under Sarke Island next morning they bent their course towards Jersey and came to an anchor in St Owens Bay next day they sailed and anchored before St Brelades Bay when the seas proved so rough that the Fleet was scattered notwithstanding on the 21th it was resolved that an attempt should be made upon the Island that night at St Owens Bay being necessitated thereunto for want of Horsemeat in few hours after they embark'd their men aboard the small Boats Gen. Blake and all his Officers were very active in this businesse who about two hours after the flood weighed Anchor cut some of their Cables hoisted sailes and stood in for the shore and were soon aground on the shore side some at 3 foot some at 4 5 6 7 foot water their men presently leapt out some up to the middle some to the neck and run ashore the enemy playing hard upon them with great and small shot and with their Horse gave a hot charge yet after half an hours dispute they fled and left behind them 12 Guns and some Colours at that place after which and that their Horse were landed they marched further into the Island and on the 23th Octob. possest themselves of three Forts more with two Guns in each they marched on further till they came within sight of Elizabeth-Castle under which was a Fort called St Albans Tower where was 14 Guns the speedy reducement whereof was resolved upon and a Summons sent in The Island of Jersey reduc'd and in two hours time it was delivered up The next businesse they had to do was to take in Mount Orgueil Castle which upon easie termes was also surrendred but Elizabeth Castle being a place of farre greater strength was not reduc'd till the middle of Decemb. following the Governour thereof Sr George Carteret had large termes granted both to himself and all with him by reason of the marvellous strength and scituation thereof which was such as might have cost much blood treasure and time in the gaining of it Octob. 16th 1651. Under Colonell Duckenfield were shipt 3 Regiments of Foot viz. Gen. Cromwels Regiment commanded by Lieut. Col. Worsly Maj. Gen. Deans Regiment commanded by Lieut. Col. Mitchell and Colonell Duckenfields Regiment with two Troops of Horse these were all shipt at Chester and Liverpool for the reducing the Isle of Man and on Octob. 18th they hoisted sayl but by contrary windes were driven into the Harbour of Beumorris on the 25th about two in the morning the wind coming about somewhat southerly with a pretty fresh gale they set sayl again and about two or three aclock in the afternoon they had a cleer view of the Calfe of Man Castle Rushen Derby-Fort Douglas-Fort and most part of the Island as also of the Islanders both Horse and Foot in their severall motions mustering up what strength they could when by a sudden storm the Fleet was hindred from coming up any thing neer the shore upon which they steer'd their course towards the North end of the Island and with no small difficulty fetcht Ramseybay that night where they cast Anchor and with a small Party fac'd the Islanders yet was there no shot exchang'd Octob. 16. came on board an Islander imploy'd by the chief of that Island to assure the English they should have no opposition in landing but might securely come under their Forts which they had taken possession of for them and that only two Castles held out viz. Castle Rushen and Castle Peele which were kept by the Forces of the Count. of Derby now because he had nothing in writing to confirm what he had said he was distrusted wherefore Maj. Fox was boated into the Island to enquire the truth of what the Islander had reported and forthwith returned vvith the full confirmation thereof and presently after some came from the Island as Commissioners entreating that their poor Island might be preserved from spoyl and the Inhabitants from undoing by landing only some part of a Regiment or at the most but a Regiment upon which they vvould bring Provisions at a marketable rate to the shore The Isle of Man reduc'd to supply the vvants of such as should continue on shipboard and would assist those that were to land in reducing the Castles which Proposals vvere in part assented unto by the Commander in Chief Col. Duckenfield being somewhat oblig'd thereto by the civilities of the people But on the 27th most of the men