the Negotiation Pag. 280 The Ambassadors Complement to the Great Duke when he took his leave of him Pag. 288 Some Memorable Passages that had hapned besides during our residence at Mosco and first the description of a Feast which the Tzar had made us Pag. 290 A Narrative of a noble Procession on Palm-sunday Pag. 295 Three several Conflagrations we saw in a little time Pag. 301 A Duel between one of my Lords Domesticks and a Scotch man an Officer in the Tzars Militia Pag. 302 How the Embassador refused the Presents which the Tzar sent him Pag. 302 Of his Excellences Journey from Mosco to Riga Pag. 306 A new business that fell out about Calthof at our departure from Mosco and the Letter my Lord Embssador sent to Mosco since about it which angered the Tzar very much upon occasion of a ridiculous mistake on their side Pag. 313 The danger we were in to be robbed at the Frontiers and how we were conveyed by 500 souldiers by the care of the Governour of Plesco Pag. 322 Another Letter sent by my Lord from Plesco about Calthof Pag. 324 How his Excellence was met at the Frontiers by two Swedish Officers sent from Riga by the Governour General of Livonia Pag. 332 A short Description of Livonia or Lifland Pag. 332 Of the Embassadors Entry into Riga and his Residence there Pag. 338 Of our Voiage from Riga to Stockholme Pag. 342 Of his Excellences Entry into Stockholme Pag. 349 Of our Residence at Stockholme wherein is contained a Description of the City Pag. 351 The Audience Pag. 353 My Lords Negotiation Pag. 361 Some Particular Passages during our stay in this Court Pag. 362 My Lords last Audience Pag. 368 Of our Voiage from Stockholme to Copenhagen Pag. 375 Of our Residence at Copenhagen wherein is contained a Description of the City Pag. 384 The Audience Pag. 385 My Lords Negotiation Pag. 400 Some particular Passages during our stay in this Court Pag. 406 My Lords last Audience Pag. 413 Of his Excellences Voiage from Copenhagen to London Pag. 424 My Lords Apology against the Russ Ambassador Pag. 535 FINIS A RELATION Of Three EMBASSIES From his Sacred Majesty CHARLES II. Into MOSCOVY SWEDEN And DENMARK Performed in the Years 1663 and 1664. THe most Serene and most Mighty Prince CHARLES the SECOND King of Great Britain c. being happily â—estored to His Dominions which the malice â—nd iniquity of this age had deprived him â—f His Alliance which had been interrupted â—uring his misfortunes was by the rest of the â—hristian Princes immediately re-desired To which end their several Ambassadors were disâ—atched with extraordinary Pomp and Splenâ—our sutable to the Dignity and Grandeur of â—im it had pleased God to restore But amongst all the Princes of Europe that by their congratulations of his Re-establishment seemed ardently to aspire at His Alliance the Tzar of Moscovy had the most equitable pretentions For besides that admirable Sympathy which has been so long time betwixt the Kings of England and the great Dukes of Moscovy Alexey Michailovitz the present Duke had so great an abhorrency of the murther of King CHARLES the First that he resolved in some measure to revenge it upon the English Company at Archangel whom he looked upon as assertors if not associates in the Rebellion And as a certain instance of the constancy of his affection he no sooner understood the calamities Our present King was reduced to but he assisted him immediately with a considerable sum of money From hence it was that his Majesty gave his Ambassadors so great a Reception as made the Friendship he had for that great Monarch conspicuous to all the World And it was this Embassage from the Tzar and those from the Kings of Sweden and Denmark that gave occasion to his Majesty of Great Britain to return these which are the present matter of this Relation The first Embassy was addressed to the Great Duke of Moscovy The second to the King of Sweden The third to the King of Denmark It is true the first had beside That a peculiar subject of Importance touching Commerce at Archangel in Moscovie viz. To obtain a re-establishment of the Priviledges of the English Company which consisted in this That the Merchants of this Kingdom did formerly trade into that place without paying any Impost Which Immunity was but a generous recompence that one of the former Dukes Ivan Basilovitz made the English for their discovery of that Port and introduction of so considerable a Commerce thither The present Great Duke had vacated these Priviledges in the time of the late Rebellion in England because conceiving the Merchants complices in that rebellion he esteemed them unworthy of his favour therefore of enjoying any longer these Immunities The Company having since that time to the happy Return of his Majesty been deprived of their Priviledges the King by this Embassage desired things might be restored to their former state and that upon two principal considerations One because his Subjects for whose rebellion they were taken away were returned again to their obedience The other because these very Priviledges were the basis and foundation upon which the Amity betwixt the two Crowns of England and Moscovy were superstructed And these were two fundamental Reasons that were strong enough to induce his Majesty to hope for success in his Demand but he could expect no less from the generosity and promise of the Tzar Yet He was flatly refused as if the Tzars kindness had been already quite exhausted The Earle of Carlisle to whom the King encharged these Embassies was without contradiction in all respects proper for the employment For besides that he was of a comely and advantageous stature a Majestick mine and not above four and thirty years of age he had a peculiar grace and vivacity in his discourse and in his actions a great promptitude and diligence In a word he was adorned with all perfections that could render a man acceptable and especially with those that were requisite for the discharge of so important an affair Gratior est pulchro veniens è corpore virtus Virg. His Train consisted of near fourscore persons amongst which he had ten Gentlemen six Pages two Trumpets and twelve Footmen He had also a Chaplain several Interpreters a Chirurgeon six Musicians besides many Tradesmen that were very necessary in Moscovy And forasmuch as his Excellence was to begin that way the circle of his Embassies to the end he might come back by Liefland into Sweden by Sweden into Denmark and from thence come into England before his departure he provided himself of all such necessary things as Russia could scarce afford So that besides the Liveries which were made at London he was also forced to provide himself of Beds Chairs and even of all Kitchin-moveables only the Chimney excepted and that would have been too most serviceable in several places Besides these his Majesty provided his Excellency with a magnificent Canopy of red
my Master saith he hath one essential Title and which He prizes more than those of all his dominions Defender of the Faith an immemorial indubitable successive Title from his Ancestors and as alwaies heretofore so in His last Letter to his Tzarskoy Majesty He useth it in this Court ever since my coming I think by some inadvertency omitted I desire that in styling his Majesty my Master and in all Letters to Him henceforward it may be inserted according as belongs to Him The nineteenth of March Pronchissof brought to my Lord an answer to his given the 29. of February whereby the Commissioners complain much in the first place that he writ with slighting the honourable orders of his Tzarskoy Majesties forces and with little repute for his Posts Therefore they do not like at all this expression of my Lords where he saies that the nearer one comes to Mosco men are more ignorant of the Roads so that they freely say it was not handsom for him to speak so Moreover they deny the foundation of the Friendship between the two Crowns to be as my Lord said the Grant of the Priviledges but only the mutual Love of both Princes That therefore the Priviledges were taken away by reason of the English Rebellion to his late Majesty and that his present Majesty being in misery his Tzarskoy Majesty comforted Him with Letters and as they are pleased to say furnished him with Bread and Money Whereas His Royal Majesty doth not offer to give their great Lord any assistance against his present Enemies the Pole and the Crim Tartar as had done formerly his Royal Father to his Tzarskoy Majesties Father against Vladislaus King of Poland But besides the wars wherein the Tzar was then engaged and the King 's cold assistance they blame also the English merchants who had lately refused the Tzars Ambassadors in England to lend him money for the war Yet notwithstanding it seemes the Tzar will allow ten English merchants new men such as His Royal Majesty shall think fit to make choice of that should faithfully observe such lawful conditions as should be required of them to drive a free trade after such a time that his Tzarskoy Majesties Warrs cease with John Cassimir King of Poland and the Cham of Crim. Lastly they finde the answer about the Titles to be mighty full of offences and that his Excellency doth much diminish their respect when he saies that they are not fitly grounded Whereas being at Conference with them he called them as they say His Tzarskoy Majesties potent Boyars wise and rightly honourable And that therefore that man is not fit to lay the foundation of things who praises in his words and in his writings dispraises without the truth But as to the first Complaint his Excellency by an answer given in Conference the 22. of March replies that as it is easie to be seen his words are misunderstood and what tended to the honour of all persons that deserve it is by His Commissioners perverted to the slighting of them And whereas they say it was not handsom for him to say that the nearer one comes to Mosco men are more ignorant of the Roads he answers that it seemes they rather undertake to censure him as Judges on the bench than treat with him as Counsellors of his Tzarskoy Majesty That perhaps out of hast to answer his last paper which indeed is a jest put upon them seeing they had been near three weeks about it they had omitted the words As we conceive so that the whole sense would have run thus It was not as we conceive handsome for you to declare At last he still insists upon the satisfaction demanded As for the Reproach which my Lord took very ill of his Tzarskoy Majesties assistance to the King whom their most Wise Prince as they call him furnished with bread his Excellency said he agreed in that with them forasmuch as the Wisest of Princes saith Cast thy bread upon the waters and after many daies thou shalt finde it again as also it hath happened And again he said that only our blessed Saviour could multiply the five loaves That his Majesty hath and will own perpetually that courtesy that he hath in his name declared it and given his thanks in the face of the whole World But this he would minde his Tzarskoy Majesties Boyars and Counsellors that even papers of Obligation are sullied and worn out with too much handling and so is it in regard of the Obligations themselves when men too often repeat their own good actions Concerning the matter of Trade his Excellency tells them that with all becoming thanks for the good intention of his Tzarskoy Majesty he refuses to treat of any such conditions as were in their last proposal having no Commission or Latitude from the King to go less in matter of Trade than the Restitution of the former Priviledges And whereas the Commissioners had pleased to say that his Royal Majesty doth not upon this occasion of wars as his Royal Majesties Father of highly glorious memory who had sent his Collonel Thomas Sanderson with many warlike men to assist his Tzarskoy Majestie Michaelo Phederovich against his Enemy Vladislaus King of Poland his Excellency tells them whether seeing in this and many other expressions they seem to weigh the generous actions of Princes by Salotnicks or ounces they would think it civil in him should he say that his Royal Majesties Father of highly glorious memory lent his Tzarskoy Majesties Father of highly glorious memory besides those men of Sandersons forty thousand Rixdollers and they were repaid even as His present Tzarskoy Majesty lent his present Royal Majesty the same sum and they are repaid And that moreover upon his Tzarskoy Majesties Commission to Sir John Hebdon his present Majestie granted the levying of three thousand horse and foot for his present Tzarskoy Majesty which might have proved as good as either Bread or Treasury and if it were not effected it was not his Royal Majesties fault So that hitherto the obligations are equal As to those offences contained as the Commissioners pretend in the latter part of his Excellencies answer it seemes they fix them all in his saying That they are not well or fitly grounded Which words as oft as they shall have the same occasion to use towards him he doth promise them he shall take it kindly and civilly of them But whereas they say that in Conference with them he called them His Majesties Boyars Velmoshnei wise and rightly honourable his Excellency doth acknowledg that they are indeed wise and rightly honourable but I do not remember saith he that ever I called you Velmoshnei as fearing that it came too near the word Velmoshneshei that is to say most potent one of the proper Titles of his Tzarskoy Majesty Although if according to the custom of this Court it may be given you I shall heartily pay it to you and all other expressions of civility esteem and affection
Majestatem legavi Consanguineum Nostrum quicquid alii dixerint à Sanctioribus nostris Consiliis hoc ab ipso reditu nostro Carolum Comitem Carleolensem Vice-comitem Howard de Morpeth Baronem Dacre de Gillesland Statae militiae Praefectum Locum tenentem Regium in Provinciis nostris Cumberlandiae Westmorlandiae qui etiam si monitore egerem Memoriae nostrae perpetuò subjiceret quicquid in rem vestram esse videretur Nonne arcana pectoris mei illi commisi in omnibus quibus Czareae vestrae Majestati potero commodare Et num Czarea vestra Majestas per illum mihi exiguam fortassis unicam rem negabit quam à Czareâ vestrâ Majestate unquam petere possim Privilegia Hoc quidem me poeniteret utpote magis notum pervulgatum quà m aut cum nostrâ aut vestrâ existimatione possit consistere Et totus terrarum orbis multâ cum admiratione ejusmodi frustrationem intuebitur quum praesertim reputaverint quot quanta emolumenta ab augustissimis nostris Majoribus sub suis auspiciis ad Czaream vestram Coronam redierint Illi portum vestrum investigari fecerunt totius Europae mercaturam ad Archangeli fanum deduxerunt Illi in Orientali mari quum Principes adjacentes faedere inter se facto de obstruendâ narvâ convenissent Classem hostilem delerunt Captivos Praefectis vestris tradidêre Illi pecunias ad bella vestra mutuò dederunt milites Duces vobis suppeditarunt Illi pacem inter Vos Principes vicinos conciliarunt Illi in summâ annonae caritate fruges huc transportari sinebant quas Angli mercatores sine ullo compendio aut lucro incolis vestris vendiderunt multa alia tam pace quà m bello necessaria omnibus aliis prohibita Possem etiam majus adhuc hisce omnibus beneficium commemorare uni è Czareis Vestris Majoribus delatum si adeo dictu tempestivum videretur Et ego qui Legato nostro mandavi ut vobis declararet propositum mihi esse omnes Majores nostros studio erga Czaream vestram Majestatem exedere Privilegiis prohibeor subditorum nostrorum industriâ redemptis cum maximis suis impensis jacturis maximis in indagando instruendo hactenus continuando hoc commercium Ego ipse à reditu meo D no. Johanni Hebdon sine ullis Czareae autoritatis literis in rem vestram tria millia equitum peditumque concessi è flore militiae Anglicanae quae qualis sit alii meliùs dixerunt Et si Legati Vestri Extraordinarii quicquam praeter intempestivam illam impossibilem pecuniae molem petiissent aut rerum Vestrarum conditionem meliùs exposuissent Ego nullo modo Czareae Vestrae Majestati defuissem Tamen antequam Legatum meum mitterem quam potui rerum Vestrarum notitiam aliunde comparavi Comperi Polonum adhuc vos infestare Inter Czaream Vestram Majestatem Suecum pace factâ quaedam tamen discordiae semina adhuc pullulare Alia quaedam didici de quibus mecum meditando credidi propter causas Majestati Vestrae non ignotas nostram inter Czaream Vestram Majestatem Illum interpositionem minus gratam Ei futuram Praeterquam quod Ipse mecum reputavi solum cum nullam ad me de laetissimo reditu gratulatoriam Legationem adornasse ut neque ego cum dignitate nostrâ Illum ultro potuerim compellare Inter Czaream Vestram Majestatem Regem Sueciae interventum nostrum magis opportunum esse posse utrobique acceptum speravi si operae pretium videretur latentes contentionum scintillas antequam flammam darent comprimere restinguere Consideravi praeterea quanta nobis copia esset semper sit futura Ducum militum navium armatarum apparatus instrumenti bellici quantam semper autoritatem influxum habiturus essem 〈◊〉 plerosque Europae aut etiam extra Europam â—rincipes qui Czareae Vestrae Majestati nocere aut incommodare possent de hisce omnibus mandata necessaria dedi Legato nostro Extraordinario Et proculdubio quum Ipse à Czareâ Vestrâ Majestate beneficio affectus fuerim quum talia in literis nostris promiserim quibus Ego sanè me obligari sentiebam quum talem Virum ad Czaream Vestram Majestatem legaverim Czarea Vestra Majestas neque in rebus hujusce nec alius naturae quae mihi non potuerunt succurrere me ingratum aut immemorem invenisset Quum haec tanquam ex ipso Regiae Suae Majestatis ore pro nostrâ tenuitate Czareae Vestrae Majestati repraesentaverim haud deceat ex nostro aliquid addere aut subnectere sed Czaream Vestram Majestatem solummodo rogare ut de hisce seriò maturatè pro Summâ illâ Prudentiâ quâ Deus Czaream Vestram Majestatem impertivit Ipse deliberare decernere velit brevem expeditionem mihi indulgere ut primâ cum anni tempestate quod Regia sua Majestas mihi injunxit iter incipere possim Actum Moscuae 22. Aprilis Anno D ni 1664. CARLISLE May it please Your most Potent and most Serene Tzarskoy Majesty HAving continued here ten weeks since your Tzarskoy majesty appointed me your near Boyars and Counsellors Commissioners and finding my self still further of every day from any good success of my Negotiation I have been forced as those who cannot get over the violence or winding of the river to make up to the fountain Your Tzarskoy majesty is through your so great Dominions the only Fountain of Power and Reason and as all your subjects ought to humble themselves to your power so dare I subject my self to your Reason Forasmuch as it seemes to me that God has given as to Solomon not only riches and honor to your Tzarskoy majesty but also an understanding heart So that as there was none among your Tzarskoy Progenitors before so neither can any arise after like unto you Therefore have I desired and obtained this private Audience from your Tzarskoy majesty And even so did that first and great founder of the Amity betwixt the English and Russian Crowns of the Privileges to the English Nation Tzar Ivan Basilovich So did He use to discourse and converse in private with the Ambassadors of the Kings and Queens of England and by that means notwithstanding the ill offices of some of his Counsel and the then Lord Chancelour he took such true measures of his own affaires that ever since the mutual friendship and commerce hath continued and flourished betwixt the two Crowns and Nations till your Tzarskoy majesty now reigning Neither do I doubt but that I being come for the said purpose with as sincere intentions betwixt Princes mutually professing much greater affection shall by Gods blessing go away hence from the cleare eyes of your Tzarskoy majesty with as full satisfaction For whereas all other great Princes without any notice from his Royal majesty took care to follow
Tartars but they admit no Jews The Greeks of all Strangers are most wellcome to them as being in many things conformable with them but particularly in matters of Religion The Protestants and Lutherans are well received also and have all of them liberty to hold publique Assemblies for the Exercise of their Religion which is not permitted to the Roman Catholicks for whom they have a particular aversion But to the end that forreign Christians may live together with more liberty there is a Sloboda or great Suburb without the Town where most of them live according to their own way And in this place it is the Germans English Hollanders and Polonians do most commonly reside The House we were lodged in in this Town was a large building of Stone no great distance from the Castle and one of the most commodious to be found The Chambers were all arched every window had its shutters of iron and every passage-door was also of iron which gave one occasion to say we were certainly in the iron Age though otherwise it be a mettle rare enough in that Country Our Chambers were most of them hanged with Serge or red Cloth and instead of chairs we had benches covered over with the same stuff without any Beds or other necessary accommodations besides tables and furnaces for the Winter Amongst the rest of the Rooms there were two great Hals one of them in which the Canopie of State was set up we made use of as our Chappel on those days wherein we had Sermons of the other for a Quarter for seven or eight of our Gentlemen who were constrained at their arrival to make their several lodgings distinct from one another For when he who had the charge of preparing the House was advertised that the Ambassador's Gentlemen could not lye crowded together as in a Hospital and that this manner of living would be very strange and incommodious to them he answered jestingly that it was best for them to lye together lest the Rats should run away with them being single Which Answer put some of us on a sudden upon a desire to know if the Rats were so big at Mosco for my part I imagined for the doing of such an exploit every Rat ought to be as big as two Boyars However we saw we had great reason to be impatient at Vologda for our arrival here where we had all that could be expected in this Country Our Publique devotion which had been suspended in our Travails was regulated here as at Vologda and at Easter we had a Communion We had moreover the diversion of seeing the Town and to visit our Friends in the Sloboda where his Excellence himself was sometime treated by the Merchants But this freedom was so regulated and restrained that for the four first days we were shut up close in our House and not permitted to stir abroad before the Audience They would suffer no Strangers to come near us nor could the Ambassador prevail that the English Merchants Wives might have access to his Lady It is true after the Ambassador's Audience we had liberty to go abroad but then for two or three moneths we were obliged to take some of the Tzar's Guards along with us which followed us armed with their half-pikes for which end there were commonly fifty of them attending us keeping their guards at the Gate and examining almost every one that came in The Ambassador himself was not permitted to stir unless he had a Pristaf with him and was attended with a Company of Strelits Whereby it happened that the Ambassador one day after a long expectation of the Pristaf who seemed to neglect him being upon the point of going abroad in his Coach without him the footmen running before as if they would have passed out of the Gate the Strelits stood immediately to their armes to hinder them which they did till the Pristaf was pleased to come and accompany the Ambassador None of the Boyars could have the sight of his Excellence in his House unless he was sent by the Tzar it being almost a Capital offence for any person of quality whatsoever to have any kind of Conference with an Ambassador without his leave Hunting which was our great divertisement at Vologda was the least of our recreations here but assoon as the snow was melted and the spring arrived we fell immediately to making of Horse-matches There was a challenge also betwixt twelve of our Company to play at Foot-ball At other times we ran at the Ring and on that day our repast was taken in the Wood where that exercise was performed Our Musique-master composed a handsome Comedie in Prose which was acted in our House As for their Baths they were as rare at Mosco as hunting for we used one as often there as the other But the most part of our Family would go now and then to their publique Stoves where sometimes they could see a great company of Women naked by the favour of some little hole or cleft in the Wall which served also as a passage for their immodest discourses About one mile from Mosco we observed in a little Lake an Iland floting as the Antients believed of Delos but it was very small It is kept above water by the roots of Trees with which it is enterlaced there were some of us took a boat and went upon it turning it as a piece of timber which way they pleased This being as near as I could relate the manner of our living at Mosco it follows now that we display the Ambassadors negotiation and at the same time the Ceremonies which are practised in that Court. In pursuance of which design I shall speak in the first place of the Audience which the Tzar gave the Ambassador on the 11. of February which was five days after our Entry The 7. of February which was the next day after we arrived at Mosco Pronchissof and the other Pristaf offered the Ambassador Audience from the great Duke on the ninth of that month and pretented it as a singular favour that he could have it so soon nevertheless the next day they thought fit to delay him two days longer In which time his Excellence was desirous to informe himself of all the Ceremonies which were to be observed according to the Custome of that Court and amongst other things he demanded of them whether it were expected that he should be uncovered in the presence of the Tzar To which they answer'd that the Tzar's Ambassadors were bare before the King of England and by consequence that he was to be so before his Tzarskoy Maty. But the Ambassador declared freely to them that his Master the King of England had commanded him to be so and for that reason he was obliged not to dispute it otherwise the Ambassadors of the Tzar could not so well represent the person of their Prince being but his Slaves and so stiled by him in their very Letters of Credence After this he demanded leave to visit the
of names of the persons criminal both principals and accessory and what example of justice his Imperial Majestie who cannot but be most tender of the honor of a Prince and such a Prince as the King my Master hath shewed upon them may be delivered to me under the hands and seales of the Lords Commissioners for my justification Which I do expect with the most vehement impatiency that I may forthwith proceed into the particulars of that friendly Negotiation In order to which I have leapt over all complaints of lesser moment as not being come to pick quarrels but to cement the most perfect union that ever hath been betwixt the two Crowns unto which God grant an happy success and perfection Given the 13 of February Anno D ni 1663. 4. CARLISLE These were the words of the Second paper WHereas the first foundation of that happy Correspondency and great Amity betwixt the Kings of England and Emperours of Russia was laid in the Privileges granted to the English Merchants by the said Emperours of Russia in regard of the trade first introduced by them by the way of Archangel Whereby not only the Subjects of both Countries and of this Country especially have reaped great advantages but also both Princes and particularly the Emperours of Russia in several great affaires of state and otherwise have had further occasion to receive great assistance and effectual testimonies of friendship from one another His Majestie of England desiring not only to equalize but to excel all His Predecessors in the firmness strictness of brotherly amity intire correspondence with his Imperial Majestie and considering that those first foundations layed by the singular Providence of God and wisdom of the former Princes and which by the duration of so many years have been approved to be most solid and permament are therefore the most proper grounds whereon to raise a building of perpetual Friendship hath therefore commanded me as I do in His name first of all to desire the Restitution of the former Privileges as they were enjoyed in the time of the Father of his Imperial Majestie and in the Reign of his present Imperial Majestie before the taking of them away upon occasion of the late Rebellion in England And these being first granted his Majestie will further manifest by me the great affection which He bears to his Imperial Majestie Given the 13 of February Anno D ni 1663. 4. CARLISLE The 17. my Lord Ambassador had another Conference in the Pallace where his Commissioners read to him their answer to his two papers but refused to give him yet a Copy of it In that answer all things were quite contrary to his expectations so that he thought fit thereupon to speak somewhat hard to them Then it happened that one great casement of the room wherein they were assembled together fell down with such a horrid noise that the Lords Commissioners were quite astonished and wished my Lord had spoken more gently An Interpreter of theirs who was an outlandish man speaking afterwards to that purpose said If saith â—he two or three words of anger of My Lord Ambassador's do so shake off the house how would they tremble if they heard King Charles thundring at their ears with just indignation The 26. Pronchissof brought my Lord Ambassador a Copy of their answer read to him the seventeenth But lest I should tire the Reader with an ill compacted discourse whose stile and meaning are equally rude and unpleasant I shall only tell the substance of it in as few words as I can And first as to the Reparation demanded by my Lord Ambassador in his first paper of 13. of February they say when they have much extolled the greatness of the pomp that was shewn at his Reception which they take to be the most glorious that ever was made in their Court to any Ambassador that the disorder aforesaid happened upon the mistake of the Posts That it was not fit he should make his Entry by night and that his Tzarskoy Majestie had therefore given order that he should lodge that night nearer Mosco so that the next day he might be received betimes with a splendor answerable to his quality And so that so many strangers who lived in Mosco might see by this Reception how great is the Amity which their Great Lord beares to his Majestie and that they might discourse of it in their several Countries But to that they added a thing that surprised very much his Excellency saying that he himself staied also a great while the next day after many Messengers were sent unto him And presently after they make bold to tell him that he ought not to have demanded satisfaction in that place where then he was And at last without any other proofs they only say that those Messengers who accidentally missed their way the first day had been chastised Their answer to the second Paper concerning the Priviledges of the English Company was no less unreasonable they refused them under the following pretences which they alledge for good and solid reasons First of all they say the Priviledges were abolished upon occasion of the late Rebellion of England and that the English Company of Archangel was guilty of it Then they speak of one Luke Nightingale whom they affirm to have been sent secretly to his Tzarskoy Majestie by the late Kings Majestie during the Rebellion to give Him notice of it and to desire Him to abrogate the Priviledges of the English Company as having also put off their Obedience Adding moreover that this same Nightingale had Letters from the King that he was very private with his Royal Majestie â—nd very trustie to Him Besides they tell what this pretended Agent gave the Boyars â—hat treated with him notice of that the Faâ—tors of the English Company had at that time â—roguish design with one Iohn Cartwrite a â—ember of the Company to rob his Tzarskoy Majestie 's Subjects in the East-Countries and â—hat shortly after the said Cartwrite did accomplish his design Whereupon they say that John Hebdon so they call the Knight that I mentioned before was Factor to this same Cartwrite Afterwards they lay an hainous charge against the said Company as that they had not furnished the Tzars treasury with their commodities at the same price they were sold for in England that they had sold prohibited commodities as Tobacco and that besides they offered to take strangers goods to carry them through the Country custome free Lastly they speak of a general complaint made by the Russes Merchants and Tradesmen as if the English Merchants had all the trade themselves and grew thereby very rich in a short time whereas his Tzarskoy Majesties Subjects grew poorer every day They alleadge also that the Merchants who were first nominated for the Priviledges were dead so that it seemes they will have the Priviledges to dy with them After this answer the Commissioners were pleased as if they had a mind thereby to be
those other accommodations which their Tzarskoy Majesty have received upon several emergencies of State from the Crown of England his Majesty being disposed rather to continue and increase all such Obligations than to call them in and diminish them by any exprobration or demand upon His side But to tell you the upright truth as it is fit for us to do with one another his Majesty considers that these Privileges were the ancient and continued foundations of Amity and transmitted so long from Father to Son on both sides so that as men prize a token and memorial of a friend though otherwise of small value above pearls and diamonds he counts it a kind of unlucky thing to lose them Also He himself and all his Subjects upon his Tzarskoy Majesties Letter of July 28. 1661. where He saith Whereas Your Majesty writt in Your said Letter concerning other affairs in prosecution of which Your Majesty would send to Vs our Tzarskoy Majesty Your Subjects the Merchants together with Your Majesties Ambassador who shall further expresse the affection of friendship which Your Majesty Our loving Brother hath towards Our Tzarskoy Majesty we answer that when to Our Imperial Majesty Your Majesties said Ambassador shall arrive and shall declare to Vs the Commission he hath from Your Majesty Our Brother we Our Tzarskoy Majesty will be ready so farr as in Our power is and for the affection we beare to You Our Brother give assent thereto and command the same to be obeyed and again upon his Tzarskoy Majesties Letter of July 21. 1662. were he saies We the great Lord our Tzarskoy Greatness taking into our Princely consideration the flourishing State of our Empire and that intire Brotherly love and amity and frequent correspondencie which inviolably was held and continued from the beginning of the Reign of our Tzarskoy Father of famous memory the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michaelo Phedorovich of all Russia self-upholder to and with Your Majesties Royal Father of famous memory Charles the first and the happiness peace and tranquillity accruing thereby to both Dominions wishing the like happiness had been and were still enjoyed by and between all other Christian Princes and Potentates do most earnestly and heartily desire not only the continuation thereof but a more nearer and dearer and firmer affectionate blessed Brotherly love and amity and frequent correspondency with your Royal Majesty our deare and loving Brother than formerly with all readiness and freeness on all occasions to the utmost of our power to answer the desires of Your Royal Majesty our dear and loving Brother did not â—n the least wise doubt but at the first word 〈◊〉 had spoken the Privileges would have been â—ranted For else what signifies When to our Tzarskoy Majesty Your Majesties Ambassador shall arrive and shall declare to us the Commission he hath from Your Majesty our Brother we our Tzarskoy Majesty will be ready so farâ— as in our power is to give assent thereto Anâ— again We our Tzarskoy Majesty do mosâ— earnestly and heartily desire not only the continuation thereof but a more nearer and deareâ— and firmer affectionate blessed Brotherly lovâ— and amity with Your Royal Majesty our deaâ— and loving Brother than formerly with all readyness and freeness on all occasions to the utmost of our power to answer the desires of Youâ— Royal Majesty our dear and loving Brother And how can there be a continuation and encreas of amity and the same amity unless thâ— same Privileges to continue as formerly Therefore his Majesty thought it the most honorable way for his Tzarskoy Majesty to reneâ— them at first frankly without all little capitulations as for other reasons so because hâ— would be in debt to his Tzarskoy Majesty that he might embrace all occasions to repâ— it with usury And that the near Boyars anâ— Counsellors may not be terrifyed with thâ— vastness or irrationality of the grant and feâ— to be accounted evil Counsellors should the advise indeed so small a thing and in whicâ— the Subjects of his Tzarskoy Majesty reap moâ— advantage than the English before they haâ— driven the market with me for some furthâ— interest of his Tzarskoy Majesty I desire they may be informed that some hundred years ago even England though always most potent at sea in men of warre yet for some part of their traffique were beholding to the Hans Towns who in Merchant ships brought all kind of their merchandise home to the English Whereupon the Kings of England granted several great Immunities to the Hans Towns with dwelling and all accommodations Which Immunities though so many hundred years ago granted and though the tide of â—rade be long since wholy turned the English â—ow carrying all that trade to their doors and much more than ever received from them nevertheless Their former Majesties have alâ—aies religiously continued the same Priviâ—edges as also his present Majesty hath reâ—ewed them since his happy Restauration at â—he ratification of which I my self was present â—n his Majesties Councel For it is for Merâ—hants to calculate and subdivide the present â—ccount but it becomes Princes to make eâ—erlasting obligations Princes are richer by â—iving than others by receiving and gratiâ—ude laid up in the breast of another Prince is â—pon any necessity better than ready money in is own Treasure But doubtless his Majesty â—nder whose most auspicious Government His â—wn Subjects have also every where else alâ—eady recovered and encreased all their former Priviledges cannot but take it ill should they only fail of them with his Tzarskoy Majesty the antientest and most constant of his Friends and Allies and the more must He lay it to heart seeing in the mean time those of other Nations do enjoy Priviledges and thereby drive a trade not much inferiour to that of all the English And this I must say that the English Nation and especially their Princes as They are generally the most frank and faithful in returning of Courtesies so are they by the same right most tender and sensible of any Unkindness and most when it seemes to touch upon Their Reputation I shall only add this for conclusion that if His Majesties desires be no better understood the near Boyars and Counsellors needed not to have given a NO of such a circumference or if it be yet intended to grant them it is too much like the second day of my Entrance Therefore I desire a definitive answer with the soonest that so I may obey His Royal Majesties Orders and accordingly provide for my departure But as to that new matter which the Lords Commissioners were pleased to advance over and above what there was occasion given for his Excellency did so explain it I reply saith he that I sent no such papeâ— into the Embassy-office but upon the desire of his Tzarskoy Majesties Councellor Evaâ— Offonassy Pronchissof I delivered it to him not being a paper of State nor written in the English Language wherein I treat nor put into the hands of
presently brought most of us imployed our selves in observing the great stone Pillar mentioned before which they had adorned for a Show with a wonderful quantity of Gold and Silver Vessels amongst which there were many curious pieces In this manner we sate almost half an hour before our meat was brought up At last the Stolnicks entred with their great bonnets upon their heads and brought the first meat to the Tzars Table presently afterwards they served the Boyars and then my Lord Ambassador and his Train Our first dish was Caviare which we eat as a Sallad after which we had a sort of Pottage that was very sweet as also several sorts of fish baked fried and boyled but no flesh because it was Lent Yet that hindered not but that we had near five hundred dishes which were very handsomely dressed had not the dishes been so very black that they looked more like Lead than Silver Of all these dishes they made as it were but one course new coming in continually but as we had no napkins allowed us so wanted we but little of having no plates also All we could obtain for so many dishes was but every one his own and my Lord Ambassador in that respect had no advantage of his Servants Besides these we were well provided with very good Spanish Wine white and red Mead Quaz and strong Waters which they had tempered with sweet and odoriferous ingredients We were not much troubled nor importuned to drink to Excess only they would often advertise us not to forget their great Dukes health Those that attended us were all Gentlemen of quality which perhaps was the reason we were not so well served as we could have wished When meat was brought in there were twelve of the Guards du Corps ordered to enter who put themselves in order with their Halbards by the Hall door right over against his Majesty After them entered two Lords with the Swords Royal who approaching the Throne with a profound Reverence placed themselves of each side of the Tzar with their swords naked upon their shoulders Night drawing on they furnished their Sconces with Wax-candles and a while after the Tzar signified his desire to discourse for some time with the Ambassador Whereupon his Excellence rose from the Table and being come near the Tzar he stood before him on the other side of the Table so that they discoursed face to face His Majesty drank a Cup of Wine to the memory of the late King of England in these words To the memory of that glorious Martyr Charles the first who endured great afflictions here and enjoyes now a greater measure of glory After that he drank a health to our present King and gave the Cup alwaies to the Ambassador with his own hand His Excellence also at his turn began a health to the two young Princes and the Tzar seeming to neglect it the Ambassador very gracefully intreated him to remember it Some serious discourse they had also about affaires of State the Tzar spake to him about His Wars with the King of Poland and his Excellence on his side failed not to mention to him the subject of his Embassy and to let him know he expected success in it from himself only and not from his Commissioners By this time the desart came in and the Tzar invited the Ambassador to rake his place at the Table again The first things they brought in were little artificial trees with store of branches candyed and guilt at the ends on purpose for a shew the rest were nothing but a kind of fritters wafers and such like trifles in paste made up after their fashion After we had been about half an hour longer at the Table the Ambassador rose again and turning towards the Tzar they drank to one another several times the Ambassador's Gentlemen having the honour to drink with his Tzarskoy Majesty and receive their Wine from his own hands But his Excellence observing with what ease the Tzar took off his Goblets declared to him after a pleasant manner the just suspicion he had of his liquour which apparently could not be so strong as that which was given to himself The Tzar being in a good humour gave him no answer but laughed heartily at it Yet a while after he found himself so warmed that he fell a bleeding at the nose as he was speaking to the Ambassador who departed thereupon having first given his Majesty thanks for his magnificent entertainment The seventeenth of March we celebrated as the birth of the present Tzar who was born on that day in the Year 1630. for which his Tzarskoy Majesty sent us a great dinner and three or four Boyars to rejoyce with the Ambassador The third of April being Palme-Sunday we had the sight of a very noble Procession which is annually observed eight daies before Easter in representation of our Saviours Entrance into Jerusalem The Tzar invited the Ambassador to see the Ceremonie and their Sledges being then out of date by reason the Ice was for the most part dissolved sent his Coach with a Stolnick and Gregory the Pristaf to accompany him The Ambassador being about to enter first into the Coach the Stolnick had the presumption to thrust himself forward and throw himself into it as it were headlong before him and this with such a disorder that it cost him some trouble to recollect himself His Excellence observing his temerity left him in sole possession of the Coach and was returning up the stairs when the Stolnick came out again in great confusion to assure him that he had done nothing but by express order and according to their Custome The Ambassador replied he knew very well such incivilities were not practised in other places and that in England the Tzars Ambassadors had not been used in that manner The Stolnick understanding his Excellencies resolution not to go at all upon those terms dispatched a Messenger immediately to the Tzar to advertise him of what had past and of the Ambassadors persistence The Tzar was then at his Devotion in the Church of Jerusalem as they call it near the Castle-gate and all things were ready to begin the Procession insomuch as his Tzarskoy Majesty to accelerate the Ambassadors arrival countermanded the orders of the Stolnick Whereupon they departed immediately and being come to the place that was reserved for us we found the Tzar already gone out of the Church and marching on foot with his Crown on his head in the midst of a great number of Boyars and Churchmen amongst which there were two of his principal Counsellors of State that led him by the armes The Patriarch a handsome man and of a good age had a kind of a Diadem upon his head and a great Cross of Gold in his hand The rest of the Clergy were in their Surplices and carrying Books Banniers Crosses and Images upon long staves before them some of them singing and some of them fuming the people with Incense In this posture they
Britain he esteemed it a particular one that he had chosen his Excellence the Earle of Carlisle amongst all the Nobility of England for his Ambassador Extraordinary towards him And having made reflexion upon the Prudence and Dexterity which he had used to unite the Interests of the two Kingdoms of Swedeland and England he heartily wished he might have had a longer enjoyment of his presence there But seeing he was recalled by his Majesty of great Britain the King of Swedeland thought himself obliged before his departure to give him assurances of his good affection towards the King of England And lastly he wished my Lord Ambassador a happy return into his own Country and withall assured him That he might be alwaies very confident of his Favour This Audience being ended his Excellence was conducted towards the Queen Mother of whom he took leave in these terms Madam BEing now upon my departure I ought by commandment of his Majesty and likewise of the Queen to represent again in the most lively and effectual expressions Their great Affection to your Majesty and what part They take in your Majesties Interests the same with the Interests of the King and Kingdom But as there are no words sufficient to depaint so real an affection and being moreover obliged in his Majesties name to give You thanks for all the Honours which in respect to Him your Majesty hath conferred upon me I find now a decency even in my defects and that my want of language hath been but a foresight of the King my Master and a fit Complement upon His part seeing upon so extraordinary occasions as these the boldest Eloquence would lose its Speech and had I an hundred tongues I should be struck silent Therefore I shall only pray for your Majesties happiness and prosperity and as the greatest part thereof for the health of the King Your Son upon Whom all the joyes and cares of your Majesty do so worthily center And wheresoever I go but especially to Their Majesties I shall make report of â—our Majesties unparalelled Virtues and shall my self preserve an immortal memory of all Your Royal Favours This Complement was also interpreted in French Whilst the Ambassador was making this Complement there happened an accident â—hat surprised all the Company For about â—he middle of his Speech where he saith That the boldest Eloquence would lose its â—peech his Excellence made a long pause as â—f by that he had designed to have verified â—hat he had said For my part at first I believed it was the sincerity of my Lord Ambassadors discourse that produced this effect and that it being too great a task for him to represent to the Queen the great honour his Master the King of England had for her and the great sence himself had of the Favours which he had received from her Majesty his Speech had failed him according to that saying of Seneca Curae leves loquuntur ingentes stupent Small cares may be expressed great ones are unutterable But when I saw the Secretary fall himself upon the same rock and stop in the same place when he interpreted the Complement in French then I concluded the thing had been so contrived At length both of them having recollected they finished the Harangue which in her Majesties name was thus answered That her Majesty was very much obliged both to the King and Queen of England by the new assurances of friendship which his Excellence had given her in their behalf That her Majesty desired his Excellence to testify to the King his Master with how much joy and satisfaction She received those declarations and that for her part She would not fail to employ the utmost of her Care for the Religious conservation of the happy correspondence which was now established betwixt the King of Swedeland her Son and his Majesty of great Britain That She desired also that he would signify to her Sister the Queen of England with what zeal She honoured her Person and Virtues and what delight She took in her prosperity And lastly That her Majesty was very well pleased with the generous Comportment of the Ambassador and that she had a very great esteem of his Person and merits His Excellence having taken his leave in this manner of their Majesties he was conducted into a large dining Room where in their Majesties name he was treated with all kind of Magnificence and Pomp in the Company of the principal Officers of the Court. Of my Lord Ambassadors Voiage from Stockholm to Copenhagen THe long and tedious time his Excellence had spent amongst those Sons of Winter in the Court of Moscovy constrained him to make but a short stay here to the end he might return the sooner into England And for this reason on the 13. of October two days after he had taken his leave his Excellence departed from Stockholm towards Denmark And the wind serving very well for the beginning of our Voiage he made all possible haste to embark in good time And notwithstanding the Extremity of the cold we travailed the whole night almost upon the water that his Excellency might betimes reach the Man of War which for a fortnight or three weeks had attended for him about some ten Leagues from Stockholm The next morning we embarked and about evening the Master of the Ceremonies and the Queens Mareshal or Steward of her house who had bare his Excellence company so far took their leave after the best entertainment that could be made them there amongst the thundring of the Cannon of which the Captain of the Ship was not at all sparing The Ship was called the Centurion and had at least fifty Guns mounted and an hundred and seventy Seamen so that it was no easy matter for the most part of the Ambassadors Servants to find place convenient to lodg themselves In the mean while the Coach and Horses being judged troublesome to be transported by Sea they were dispatched away by Land and arrived not at Copenhagen till after the Ambassador In this posture we continued on boord four days without power to depart by reason his Excellencies goods which were appointed to have followed immediately made us lose the opportunity of the wind by their arriving a day or two too late The 18. of October the wind serving again we set sayle but the weather proved so misty and duskish that we were constrained to cast anchor however in the afternoon the clouds â—eing a little dispersed we advanced three â—r four leagues till at night we were forced â—o come to an anchor again This Road is so â—angerous by reason of the narrowness of â—he passage and the multitude of Rocks in those parts of which some are eminent above â—ater others lie under or are at most but â—evel with the water that besides the beâ—efit of good weather a good Conduct and â—are extraordinary is required to avoid Shipwreck For this reason the Captain took Pilots along with him from that very place â—uch as
done his Excellence was conducted towards the Queen whose Character is very well exprest in the Complement the Ambassador made her with his head uncovered which was interpreted in French Madam THe King my Master hath commanded me to wait upon Your Majesty and in His Majesties Name to make to You all the most entire professions of Friendship Affection and Esteem which are due to so Great a Queen so near a Kinswoman and so admirably accomplished a Princess But seeing it is impossible to execute those commands worthily and to the full unless His Majesty could not only imprint His Character upon me but inspire me too with his great Soul and Royal Understanding I must beg Your Majesties pardon if I fall short where His Majesties sense is so far above expression and Your own Perfections are so ineffable Therefore I shall only in my ordinary and safer way assure Your Majesty that no Prince in Christendom doth interess Himself more in your Majesties health and prosperity than the King my Master And no less the Queen who as She makes His affections the rule and model of Hers hath yet moreover a singular affection and admiration of Her own for your Majesty hath commanded me to express how much She regards and loves you considering your Heroical Person as the Example of Queens and Glory of Women After which whatsoever of thoughts or words can remain to my self wherein to testifie mine own great Veneration and Service to your Majesty I shall consecrate to your Fame upon all occasions but present them to your Self involved rather in a most devout and respectful silence To which in the name of the Queen received an answer with expressions of her acknowledgment and affection From thence the Ambassador was conducted towards his Royal Highness the Prince Christian who was at that time about eighteen years of age To whom his Excellence made this Harangue with his hat on Sir THe King my Master hath commanded me particularly to wait upon your Royal Highness And as He professes a signal obligation to His Majesty your Father that according to the old familiarity and kindness betwixt the two Kings of England and Denmark He was pleased so lately to intrust so great a Pledge as your Royal Highness with Him so He desires you to believe That in that your too short stay with Him He nevertheless took such true Impressions of your Royal Highnesses most Hopeful Vertuous and Princely Disposition that were there not all those other Obligations of Friendship Kindred and Confederacy betwixt Him and the King your Father He should for your own sake have a most Sincere and Personal Friendship Kindness and Esteem for your Royal Highness and accordingly wishes you all the happiness and health as to Himself and offers Himself upon all occasions to manifest His Royal inclinations and hearty affection towards your Royal Highness For mine own part I shall from this present as I was from the first minute I had the honour to see you desire to be entred into the list of your Highnesses servants To which his Highness returned his Answer himself in two or three words After which his Excellence Complemented Prince George in his own appartement he is a handsom young Prince of great hopes and who is now much about fifteen or sixteen years of age This was the Complement his Excellence made him by Command from the King his Master Sir THe King my Master hath given me particular order to wait upon your Highness from Him as well out of Affection as Curiosity For whereas your Highness being the second Son of Denmark hath thereby a very just title to His Majesties Affection so he having heard so much of you as of a most accomplished Prince in so tender an age was very curious to know the truth of it I am most happy in this occasion to be able to certifie His Majesty with how much reason Fame hath said what she hath of you and I assure your Highness that his Majesty will take great interest and pleasure in it and desire nothing more than to be a witness thereof Himself by seeing you one day in his Court as you are already in His heart For mine own particular I am perfectly your Highnesses most humble servant The answer that was returned in the name of the Prince contained Expressions of his Acknowledgments and Respect for the King of England and towards the latter end the Prince gave his Excellence particular thanks and an assurance of his favour And now as to those things that concern my Lord's transactions in that Court during the small time we continued there after the first Audience I shall speak first as I did in my description of the second Embassy of the Ambassadors Negotiation next of his Entertainment and last of all of the most considerable passages that hapned besides during the seven weeks time his Excellence remained in that Court About this time it was that preparations were making on all sides for that unhappy War which so long afflicted both England and Holland and filled all Europe with the noise of it In order whereunto the Estates of Holland and the rest of the United Provinces inclining to the interest of France did at the same time endeavour to have joyned the Forces of the Crown of Denmark with their own The King of England on the other side laboured as much to get the Crowns of S d en and Denmark over to himself The management of which affair was the province of Mr. Coventry in Sweeden and of â—r Gilbert Talbot in Denmark who before â—he Ambassadors arrival had made some proâ—ress in the business Whence likewise it â—as his Excellencies principal Emploiment â—uring his residence there to bring the propoâ—ed League to a happy conclusion to conâ—ribute every thing that might conduce thereâ—nto True it is that according to the geâ—eral opinion it would have been a great â—ngratitude in the Dane who had received â—o great assistances from the Hollander in his â—te troubles with Sweeden to have not only â—bandoned his Alliance with the Estates but â—pposed them in this occasion by a conjunâ—tion with England But considering all the â—anner in which the Estates comported â—hemselves at that time even the Danes â—hemselves thought they had reasons enow â—o have justified such a desertion But to pass â—y this gloss I shall here only insert some â—ew Informations which the King of Denâ—arks Commissioners delivered to the Amâ—assador upon certain points which he desiâ—ed might be explained before his departure â—or the greater facilitation of the treaty which â—r Gilbert Talbot had begun For though â—he business succeeded not and all things â—ent contrary by reason the Dane not being â—ble to come to any agreement with the â—weed sided at last with the Dutch yet it will not be superfluous to give some small prospect of the proceedings of Denmark in this Conjuncture And first of all the King of Denmarkâ— Commissioners declared that his Majesty
And it extended no further than a bare treaty of Amity for the security of both the Allies and as my Lord Ambassador was assured aimed not at the prejudice of any Prince much less of the King of Great Britain who was expresly comprised therein and might have been received into the Alliance if he pleased himself Mr. de Treslon staid in this Court not above three weeks and on the fifteenth of November he departed from Copenhagen for Stockholme where he had another Embassy to make from the King his Master But besides the feasting that was occasioned by the intimacy of these two Ambassadors there was one more than ordinarily remarkable on the seventeenth of November which was at the Christening the child of my Lady Ambassadress who was brought to bed about a fortnight before of a Son It was Christened by the King the Queen and his Royal Highness and was named Frederick Christian on a Sunday at night in the House where his Excellence resided As soon as our Chaplain had administred the Baptism according to the Liturgy of the Church of England the King went to salute my Lady Ambassadress in her Chamber which was near the Room where the Infant was Baptized The Queen accompanied the King in this Visit his Royal Highness with the two Princesses his Sisters several Ladies of the Court following them There were several of the chief Ministers of State came in also to congratulate her Ladiship upon her happy delivery From this Visit their Majesties past into a large Room where his Excellence had prepared a Noble and Magnificent Collation for them The King would not sit down but choose rather to stand on one side of the table as her Majesty did also on the other with the Prince Christian and the two Princesses His Majesty continued bare all the while drinking several Healths with the Ambassador and other great Persons of his Court amongst which the Lord Treasurer who had been lately his Ambassador to the King of England was one My Lord Morpeth his excellence's Son entertained the Queen all the time his Excellence taking only now and then opportunity to address himself to her Majesty The Gentlemen and Pages that were attending on his Majesty were in the same Room where they also had their share of this Entertainment as well as the rest of the more inferiour servants who remained in the Court below At length after about half an hours time his Majesty retired with the Ambassador waiting upon him Three daies after his Excellence treated his Royal Highness again very sumptuously and after dinner His Highness was pleased to divert himself in dancing some howers with his Excellence and his principal Gentlemen Besides these Collations and some others which I pretermit his Excellence had two or three daies recreation in hunting the Hare with his Royal Highness At other times he took a survey of whatsoever was most remarkable in the City and amongst other things the Arsenal and some other magazins for their Anmunition Instruments of War At our entrance into the Arsenal which we found very fine and in good order we were surprised at first to see a Coach passing before us as it were by a peculiar motion of its own but the motion was performed by wheel-work with a kind of rudder to steer it For which purpose there were two men placed secretly within it one to turn the wheels which was the reason it moved and the other to manage the Stern They shewed his Excellence the Rarities also in the Kings Pallace which were several very curious pieces of Mechanicks besides many Curiosities brought from the remotest Countries The Rareties were disposed in five or six several appartements on one floor and indeed were the only observable things almost we saw in that Pallace Amongst other things in one of these appartements we had a sight of an excellent piece of Art which was a little Ship ready rigged whose Mast Ladders Sailes and Cannon were all of Ivory But his Majesty having a particular desire to caress his Excellence he thought good to shew him his Pallace at Frederixburgh which without contradiction is is a most magnificent and exact Pile In the mean time the King had the Curiosity to go and see the Man of War which brought his Excellence from Stockholm and was then at Anchor in the Harbour attending his departure This Visit being made of a suddain and in the absence of the Captain and the greatest part of the other Officers of the Ship the Seamen were at no small loss to receive his Majesty as he ought to have been Nevertheless that hindered not but his Majesty left some tokens of his being there by a considerable Present which he sent to the Captain and all the Seamen The Captain at his return being desirous to publish his Majesties generosity thought he could not do it any waies more remarkably than by firing his great Guns which though in the Night he discharged so freely at his return to his ship that the noise gave the Town an alarm immediately the drums beating through the streets and all people running to their Arms till at last they understood the occasion and turned their apprehensions into laughter About this time my Lord Ambassador had advertisement from Mosco amongst other things that Calthof who was detained by the Tzar after our departure was constrained to re-engage himself for two Years in the Great Dukes service He had notice likewise that his Tzarskoy Majesty had dispatched an Ambassador to the King of Great Britain to complain of him as a person that had been deficient in his respects to the Tzar and his principal Boyars in the whole process of his Negotiation But the Ambassador having from time to time sent Copies into England of all that had passed betwixt him and the Commissioners and being otherwise well advised that the King his Master did well approve of what he had done he troubled not himself with what the Tzar should attempt being very well assured as indeed it afterwards happened that all his efforts would not be able to shake the reason and justice upon which his conduct was founded About the latter end of our Residence there there was a publick combat performed in the presence of the King with portable Pumps or Engins such as are used frequently in the quenching of great fires It was managed before the Pallace betwixt six or seven men one against another having several others appointed for the management of their Pumps and for supplying them with water from the Canal Every one discharged upon his adversary by lifting up the Pipe and levelling it against his Enemy exposing themselves to the force of the Engins within fifteen or sixteen paces and plying their business so well that they left one of the Champions but one eye to guide him back again to his House My Lord Morpeth departed for England on the first day of Dicember with four or five Gentlemen and some Footmen in
Land The indignation he had against lying idle so long in a place and the Impatience of remaining in so tedious a condition perswaded him to a resolution of leaving the Sea and making his journey by Land in case the Wind did not turn favourable within four and twenty hours But the wind blew so strong from the shore that it was not possible for us to land much less to proceed in our Voiage by Sea So that it seemed that not the Sea only but the Heavens and the Earth also had set themselves in opposition to the Ambassadors design And on the 28. we had a storm so dismal by reason of the obscurity of a very dark night that we were very much amazed to find our selves the next morning at anchor near an Iland about two leagues further from Elsinore than we were before The 29. the wind not being so high as it had been before his Excellence prepared for his departure by Land taking only nine of his Domesticks with him and leaving the rest with his Lady who made her Voiage by Sea I was one of the nine that attended on the Ambassador and am for that reason obliged to give a general account of the manner and occurrences of his Excellencies Journey First we crossed the Iland of Sealand passing to Fredrixburgh so that we arrived at Cossor the last day of the year The next being New-years day we passed from Sealand to the Isle of Funhen which was four Dutch miles in a Galliot and the same day advanced eight miles further cross the Iland The next day from Funhen we arrived in Holstein making two miles in a Fisher-boat and from thence by Aldersleven and Frentsburgh we arrived at Hamborough From Hamborough by Bockstoud we came to Bremen and from Bremen into West falia so that we arrived at Munster on the eleventh of January From Munster we came to Cologne upon the Rhine from Cologne to Malines in Flanders and from Malines to Brussels on the 22. From Brussels in six days we came to Calais taking Alst Gaunt Bruges Newport Dunkirk and Graveline by the way From Calais to Dover we made seven leagues by Sea from Dover we came post to Gravesend and from thence on the 30. of January up the Thames to London The Consideration of the State of the times in which this journey was taken made his Excellence travail about in this manner rather than follow his direct road thorough Holland which had been the shorter cut And because we were to pass near the Frontiers the Ambassador thought good also to conceal his Quality and travel incognito especially after he was out of the Dominions of the King of Denmark by which means he avoided at the same time another inconvenience which was the Receptions and Cerimonies which his Dignity without doubt would have drawn upon him in his jorney which would have much retarded him in his design of making all possible haste into England whither the King his Master had recall'd him In obedience to which his Excellence so much inforced himself that from the day of our setting forth to our arrival at Cologne we travelled very often eight Dutch miles or sixteen leagues a day and so we were forced many times to travel in the night also In the mean time the weather which was rainy at our setting out from Copenhagen was returned again to its former Extremity and we making our passage almost all the way from Elsinore to Cologne in Post-waggons which were uncovered we were so incommoded with cold that we were almost convinced that it was scarce â—ny thing colder in Russia Betwixt Cologne â—nd Calais the weather was more favourable â—e had the convenience to travel all this â—ay by Coach except about eight leagues â—etwixt Gant and Bruges upon the Canal At Cossor in Sealand we found his Royal â—ighness the Prince of Denmark's Master of â—orse sent thither by his Majesty to attend â—is Excellence thorough his Dominions as â—r as Hamburg At Hamburg we made so mean â—n Entry that we had scarce any thing to be seen in our Chariots but hay straw especialâ—y in the Ambassadors which was as well â—urnisht with them as any of his followers Yet this could not prevent a complement â—ext day from the Magistrates who exprest much trouble that the Ambassador had not â—een received into their Town with such â—ublick testimonies as might have demonâ—rated their Amity with the Crown of England and the honour which was due to his Quality His Excellence having returned his â—hanks gave them to understand that in â—hat juncture of time he was obliged to pass â—s privately as was possible and that the greatest favour they could do him then waâ— to comply with his design We stayed iâ— this City but two dayes the very first day being enough to discover us At our parting from thence I met a young Merchant of thaâ— Town with whom I had contracted a strict Friendship at Mosco whither in a short time he was to return His Excellence being so well known here he permitted the English Resipent and several English Merchants to accompany him out of the Town We pasâ— the Elbe as we had past the Volga in Moscovie upon sledges and indeed the Elbâ— was so frozen and covered with snow that it would have indured any kind of load whatsoever The same day we departed from Hamburg we were surprized with an accident at Bockstoud a Town depending on the Crown of Sweden For being upon the point of departing after dinner and having hired fresh waggons to make three or four leagues that night it hapned that the Secretaries wagoner would not stir unless there might go along with him another wagoner his Comrade who would have been as useless to us as his waggon The Secretary not able to bring him to reason by fair means tried what he could do by foul and by clapping a pistol to his head would have forced him along with him But immediately his pistol was wrested from him and as they were putting themselves into a posture to abuse him we interposed so effectually that he was rescued out of the hands of a barbarous rout of peasants and Mechanicks But whilst the Secretary was going to the Governour to desire him to take some order in the case we found the rest of us beset by above a hundred of them some of them endeavouring to rob us of our goods and others to do violence to our persons so that besides a little Spaniel which they stole from us we lost four or five of our fire arms Amongst the rest we had a Page lost his Periwig in the Combat and having then a garment on in the fashion of the Samojedes which for better resistance of the weather he made no scruple to wear in his travels he lookt in that habit so unlike a Christian that the rable took particular delight to toss him up and down with his Furs in the snow His Excellence that was but just gone
not neither do you your selves that do them For indeed who knows what will be the event of all these actions unless he had the spirit of Prophecy And if the Embassador had meant to blame the Commissioners understanding he gives them no worse than he first assumed to himself in this expression But whereas his Tzarskoy Majesties Embassadors pretend that Calthof was taken away because his time was not out and the Ambassador desired not leave for him at his departure it is notoriously otherwise For the Embassador did day by day urge his departure and the Diack of the Taynich Deale answered that he might freely depart For the the time for which he had conditioned was fully expired and accordingly by the Law of Nations he was free to have departed with the Embassador of his own Prince without leave asking ar any other formality Indeed after the Embassadors departure the said Calthof was forced by imprisonment and other hardship to take conditions for two Years more And this was the accompt his Excellency gave of his first Embassy The Answer given from his Majesty to the Tzars Embassadors was that he saw no reason he had to condemn the proceedings of his Ambassador That if the Earle of Carlisle was not perhaps very well informed of the Customes of the Court of Moscovy he had nevertheless been so strangely used on several occasions that he had more reason to complain than his Tzarskoy Majesty And whereas his Embassadors had very earnestly pressed the Friendship the the Tzar had for the King of England the King declared that he could hardly be perswaded of his affection till he saw the Foundation re-established viz. the Priviledges of the Merchants his Subjects His Excellency having in this manner been justified against the attempts of the Russ Embassador who had used all the art possible to destroy him in civility he made him a visit After which the Russ Embassador departed for his own Country not over well satisfied with his Voiage a while after his Majesty dispatched Sir John Hebdon thither in quality of his Envoyè Extraordinary but without any success So that things continue still in the same posture betwixt the two Crowns of England and Moscovy FINIS Books Printed for John Starkey at the Mitre betwixt the Middle Temple-Gate and Temple-Bar in Fleetstreet Folio's THe Voyages and Travels of the Duke of Holstein's Ambassadors into Moscovy Tartary and Persia begun in the Year 1633. and finished in 1639. 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The Right honble Charles Earle of Carlisle vicoâ—â—â— Howard of Morpeth Baron Dacre of Gilsland Lord Lieutenant in the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland and one of the Lords of his Maiesties most Honourable Privy Councell etc. 〈◊〉 fec A Relation Of Three EMBASSIES From his Sacred MAJESTIE Charles II TO THE Great Duke of MUSCOVIE The King of SWEDEN and The King of DENMARK Performed by the Right honble the EARLE of CARLISLE in the Years 1663 1664. Written by an Attendant on the Embassies and published with his L ps Approbation LONDON Printed for John Starkey at the Miter in Fleetstreet near Temple-Barr 1669. To his Excellency the Right Honourable Charles Earle of Carlisle Viscount Howard of Morpeth Baron Dacre of Gillesland Lord Lieutenant in the Counties of Cumberland and Westmorland One of his Majesties most Honourable Privy Councel and at this present Ambassador Extraordinary to the King of Sweden My Lord WHen I consider the Perfections and Sublime Qualifications wherewith Nature hath so advantagiously adorned Your Eâ—cellency I cannot but think would be an injury to the Publicâ— should I omit to attempt some deâ—lineation thereof And seeing 〈◊〉 is no new thing for others to bâ— ambitious of describing the Actioâ— of Great Men it is but reasonabâ— that I who for sometime have beeâ— an ocular witness of those of Youâ— Lordships should erect a Monâ—ment for Posterity of the same Upon this account it is that I noâ— publish this Work under Your Excellencies favourable Protection bâ— which it is manifest that Your Excellency hath born the Charactâ—â— of Your Prince thorow three foâ—raign Nations with all imaginabâ—â— Prudence and Honour There is nothing to be seen in the whole Sâ—ries of Your Lordships Conducâ— but what is generous and Noble and in which Your Excellency makes it appear with what Reason and judgement His Majestie made choice of Your Person for the Representation of his own under the Illustrious Title of His AMBASSADOR EXTRAORDINARY Which same Honour being now conferred upon You again is a sufficient Proof of the Verity of my Sentement and without further Enlarging upon Your Lordships Worth I believe the Knowledge alone of Your Lordship is sufficient to render You beloved which yet one cannot do but with a most profound respect For my part my Lord if I have any Ambition in the Publication of this Work of which Your Excellency is both the Subject and Ornament it is onely that I may have the Advantage to testifie to the World with how much Zeal and Devotion I am MY LORD Your Excellencies Most humble and most Faithful servant G. M. The Authors Preface to the Reader IT was the saying of an Antient That the Spirit of Man affects Novelties which is justified by daily Observation For any thing to which a man is accustomed long commonly grows unpleasant whereas Variety delights him and rescues his Imagination from the tediousness of ordinary Objects Hence is the desire men have naturally to Travaile and though it withdraws one from his Relations and Country and exposeth him to several incommodities and perils yet the pleasure of his Voiage preponderates all apprehensions and renders all discouragements contemptible and vain And as there is Pleasure in Travailing so it hath in my judgment its Vtility likewise and its Profit as well as Diversion Of this Homer seems to be sensible when amongst all the Elogies and Encomiums he gives to Ulysses one of the principal was That he had seen several Countries and made Observation of their Fashions and Manners Ever since I understood that the World was not altogether shut up in my own Country I have had a constant inclination to travail and in my travels a curiosity to observe according to my talent what I thought most considerable In the Voiage I had the honour to make with the Right Honourable the Earl of Carlisle during his Embassies to Moscovy Sweden and Denmark I had a particular opportunity to gratify my self And forasmuch as Moscovy is a Country little known saving to its Neighbours I fixt my design there more particularly and resolved to inform my self as exactly as was possible of the nature of that Country and its Inhabitants In the mean time I observed also all the remarkable passages of our Travails but especially the pompous solemnities wherewith the Ambassador was received as I had besides the advantage of being imployed about the Negotiation I neglected nothing of that whereby I might instruct my self of States-business The Voyage being over I put my Memoires in order and framed them into a continued discourse so that afterwards I had the satisfaction now and then to review all what I had seen I communicated what I had done with some of my Friends who found the subject too good to be buried in oblivion and wanted not arguments to invite me to Print it But then I was not yet of that mind being very careful how I exposed my self to the Censure of the World and I took alwaies that enterprize to be too dangerous and bold Nam nulli tacuisse nocet nocet esse locutum Yet seeing at last that I might doe it under my Lord of Carlisles Protection and with a full Permission I thought nothing could excuse me if I neglected a thing wherein his Excellencies Interest the Publicks and my own perhaps were concerned And accordingly besides the General Description of the Voyage and the manner wherewith the Ambassador was received the Reader will find in the Relation of the first Embassy an exact Description of Moscovy and of all that passed there in his Excellencies Negotiation There I display the naked truth of the business how contrary to the expectations of all Europe his Excellency was treated there after so many effectual testimonies of Friendship the King of great Britain and the Tzar of Moscovy had received from one onother There a man shall see how unworthily some of the Tzars Commissioners dealt with my Lord Ambassador and made such an Embassy fruitless how instead of taking care for the preservation of that Amity which for so long time had continued betwixt the Crowns of England and Moscovy they suffered themselves to be so far transported as to become instrumental in the diminution thereof And this is clear thorough the whole Series of the Negotiation in which on the one side there is nothing to be seen but a just and well grounded deduction of reasons tending only to the reinforcement of the antient Alliance Whereas on the other it is plain their blind interest had prepossessed them and that they were contented to be Friends for the future but upon condition it seems they should be required no more to give any fair and competent testimonies of their being such This is the unexpected humour wherein his Excellency found the Court of Moscovy who causlesly disliking his whole manner of proceeding found fault with those very actions which were generous and honourable in him And indeed why that Court should have
About noon we had a gentle gale that gave us a sight of the Embassadors Frigat by which we understood his Excellence was long since arrived at Archangel that he was perswaded we were cast away and resolved if he had no news of â—s before to begin his journey for Vologda the 8. of September As this news which we received but by the â—y as the Frigat was returning into England gave us no small joy on the one side so on the other it was a great trouble to find our selves sixty leagues from our Port exposed to the fury of a wind that was already rallying its forces to beat us back and did effectually repel us so as The next day we were obliged to cast anchor towards the point of Orlogones for the more certain evasion of the Rocks and Sand-banks that encompast us In the mean time five or six of our men and as many Seamen made a a party to go on shore and see how that country was inhabited and expecting to meet store of wild beasts amongst other weapons they took their fire Arms also They stayed on shore about five or six hours but so incommoded with the coldness of the wind that they were constrained to cut down a wooden cross they found newly erected near the sea side to make a fire therewith to warm themselves the remainder of which they brought along with them aboard to do as much for us for we had already consumed almost all our seacoals They brought us also a Bottle of fresh water as sweet as liquorice which they had from a Rock near the sea side which the Master lik'd so well he resolved the next day to fill two or three Tun with it for that most of our water was corrupted The 4. the wind turned but we escapt very narrowly being wreckt For a little after midnight as we were weighing anchor in the midst of the tempest and rain we found our selves violently forced among the Rocks by the fury of the Sea and the Tide driving us inevitably on ground insomuch as the Master dispairing to get the ship off with a most lamentable voice cryed out All is lost His rocky heart at last melted at the sight of those Rocks that environed us and he whom the most outragious surges of the Sea could not terrifie trembled then at the sight of a Rock insomuch as to have seen him then one would have thought no body had been in danger but he so strangely was he surprised with amazement and despair And now it was every one put his affairs into order and he being in expectation every moment of dashing in pieces and giveing us the alarm most of us prepared our selves to swim if we could to Land which was not far from us For my part I took up Vlysses Resolution who being almost in the same condition thought it best to keep in his ship till it was broke in pieces then said he when the Waves have destroyed my Vessel will be the best time for me to swim for then a man has nothing else to mind But God Almighty delivered us from this desperate extremity so that having with much labour weighed Anchor we cleered our selves beyond all expectation doubling the point of Orlogones we made forty leagues that day upon the white sea and that evening we came up as high as Catsnose which we left to the lee-ward The 5. of Septemb. was the day whereon we arrived happily at Archangel but before we got in we ran a great hazard at the Bar of Archangel where the Duina dis-imbogues it self and where we saw a Holland Merchant man that was newly wreckt there The reason was the sea was so shallow that we had not above a foot or two water to spare so that when we entred into the River we were brought to that extremity that our ship ran on ground where we were constrained to continue till evening when the Tide came in During which time the master with another Gentleman went on shore to Archangel to give his Excellence notice of our arrivall The tide coming in the ship that lay but lightly upon the ground was dis-ingaged in that manner that we all arrived at Archangel in three hours where we were recived by our companions with all imaginable joy so that it was no easie matter to determine which side thought it self most happy we who were arrived or they that we were so Of the Ambassadors Voyage and of his Entry into the Town of Archangel IF our Voyage was full of troubles and disasters I dare on the other side affirm there was scarce ever any so happy as the Ambassadors For without mentioning the advantage and convenience of his ship I shall only relate that whereas we spent seven compleat weeks betwixt London and Archangel his Excellencie made the whole Voyage of seven hundred and fifty leagues in less than a moneth for having set saile from Gravesend the 22. of July which was eight daies after us he arrived the 19. of August at the Barr of Archangel which was seventeen daies before us And there it was his Frigat came first to an anchor in expectation of Orders for his Entry for which reason he sent Mr. Marvel his Secretary into the Town Of whose landing the Governour having notice ordered him to be conducted by six Gentlemen to the Castle through a Regiment of six hundred men and the next day he sent sixteen boats guarded by several hundreds of men under the command of a Collonel to receive his Excellence and bring him ashore The Ambassadors Entry into Archangel was made the 23. in a remarkable manner For besides the sixteen boats which were sent to attend upon the Ambassador there was a Barque particularly trim'd for his Excellence besides â—â—veral others drest up with Tapestry that came to meet him and accompany him to the Town above halfe a league whilst several ships men of War and Merchant-men both of England and Holland forbore not to congratulate his Entry with the noise of their Canon which is not much in use amongst the Muscovites unless in their wars And just as his Excellence was landing upon a wooden bridg he was prevented by a certain Collonel called Bogdan who came to complement him according to their mode and to declare himself deputed to attend him as Pristaffe which is the Title they give such as are appointed to receive foreign Ambassadors and to take care of their passage and provisions The Ambassador having replied to him very handsomely began to advance towards the lodging which was prepared for him but as he was setting the first step the Pristaff took the upper hand of him And this was an instance of the great rudeness and insolence of the Muscovites of which we shall have future occasion to speak more largely which is the ordinary method they use to those Ambassadors upon whom they design any advantage so as they beleeve they do their Prince a manifest injurie if they do
mounted and warmly clad yet in my judgment their manner of travailing was very much disagreable with the Season The Waggoners or Drivers condition was lamentable too who as the other had no other covering than the Sky but they had this advantage that they could warm themselves as they ran by their Sledges sides besides a certain dexterity they had got in begging strong Waters which they would do so frequently it was a hard matter to prevent them by offering it Moreover we had three Relaies or Stages by the way viz. at Yeroslaf at Peroslaf and at Troitza where some of us changed both their Horses and Sledges others whom his Excellence had furnished with Sledges from Vologda provided themselves with fresh Horses only so that each of us had four several Waggoners or Drivers by the way The greatest Inconvenience I found in our whole Voiage was in our Lodging for besides that the accommodation of Inns is not known in that Country there are very few Towns upon the Road that are capable of receiving an Ambassador So that his Excellence had never good Quarters but at Yeroslaf at a Moscovites house which was newly built and there we stayed near four compleat days to refresh our selves most of us lying in sheets which we had scarce done any where but there in our whole Voiage Our usual lodgings were Cabbins or little Cottages of Wood one story high black all over with smoak so that to dissipate the stinks which are occasioned by the same and the sweltring heat of their skins which would be otherwise intollerable we were forced to keep the Windows continually open But the greatest trouble we had in these lodgings or Wisbies as they call them was when they heated their Stoves for having no Chimneys they make their fires within side of the Chambers and the smoak having no passage but at the Windows into the Streets it is scarce possible to subsist one moment in that condition And hence it was also we were so ill accommodated with Diet for besides that we almost alwaies eat in a Scramble mutton beef or hens which were rosted in their furnaces was commonly our fare They having no other invention for the dressing their meat we doing it ordinarily in hast it fell out often our meat was but half dressed insomuch that some rather chose to eat their meat that had been frozen in the way provided it had been better dressed This it was that in the beginning of this Relation gave me occasion to say that amongst the Utensils of the Kitchin that the Ambassador brought from England a Chimney would not have been superfluous in several places However as we were well lodged at Yeroslaf so our entertainment was very splendid the Governour of the Town shewing so much generosity that he would spare no cost in regaling the Ambassador and his Train There was an English Merchant there that treated his Excellence very nobly Nestrof entertained him twice also in his Voiage and amongst the rest at Peroslaf where we had the diversion of Musique though in a Wisby all blackned with smoak Furthermore in the Condition where in we travailed it was no easie matter for us to divert our selves being every one in his sledg by himself as in another world marching as well night as day amidst the snow and in the Violence of the winter which to us seemed very bitter though to the Moscovites it appeared very Favourable Our Emploiment for the most part was sleeping the solitude the warmth of our furrs and the agreeable motion of our sledges inviting us thereunto so that the greatest part of us did nothing almost but sleep all the Voiage And for this reason when we came near any Town or Village the Ambassador gave order that the Trumpets should sound to give advertisement to his train Moscovie being not very populous and the Towns but of wood my intention is not to delay my self in describing those that presented themselves in this Voiage For besides that the Moscovites are very scrupulous in permitting strangers to see their forts there are very few of their Towns worthy an exact description The handsomest we saw in this Journey is Yeroslaf no very great Town but remarquable for that the Volga runs by it and renders it a place of good Trade and populous At Peroslaf there is a very narrow River but above 100 fathoms deep and by the side of the Town a little Lake which was frozen as well as the River at that time Troitza is a Town built upon the bending of a hill in which there is a Covent that makes it very remarquable It is built on a plain below the Town all of stone fortified with a faire Wall and so rich that it maintains ordinarily 300 Monks Here it was his Excellence was retarded five days in respect of the preparation that was making at Mosco for his Entry and by reason that betwixt this place and Mosco there was no other Town so proper for his stay though in this also he was sufficiently incommoded Yet in all the time he could not have liberty to see the Monastery On the third of February as soon as we were arrived at the Yaws his Excellence got his Coach ready and put himself immediately into a condition of making his solemne Entry into Mosco In the mean time the tediousness of our Journey past the ill lodging we met with in so little a Village and the happy repose we promised our selves in Mosco made us impatiently to expect tho hour of our departure At length the fifth of that month was appointed for the Ambassadors reception as Nestrof had acquainted his Excellence the day before advising him to have all things ready by nine a clock the next Morning which according to the Moscovite accompt was the third hour of the day Accordingly the Liveries were immediately given out to those that were to wear them and the Gentlemen put themselves with all speed into a very good Equipage so that all were ready at the hour appointed Our Liveries were so rich and so well trim'd that the Pages Liveries amongst others cost near thirty pound sterling a piece being almost covered quite over with silver lace Each of them had a good plume of feathers in his hat and in short there was nothing in all this Equipage unworthy the greatness of the Master This was in part the condition in which his Excellence was to make his Entry on the 5. of February for which all things were in readiness by nine of the clock in the morning But the hour being come we had no Orders for our departure in so much that there we lay languishing in a tedious expectation till four a clock in the evening His Excellence having dispatched his Cooks to Mosco in the morning to prepare his dinner in the house that was assigned him there we were constrained to remain all that day without provisions because we expected every moment to be gone In the mean time
great Dutchess and the young Princes the eldest of which was not above ten years old but this was refused upon this ground that it was not their custome Indeed the Tzars wives live there very retyred and his Sons appear not in publique till they are twelve years old at which age they show them solemnely to the People and the Tzar himself is but rarely to be seen The Eleaventh day being come there were a hundred and thirty persons of the Tzars Guards and threescore sledges sent to carry the Presents from the King the greatest part of which was designed for the Tzar the rest for the two young Princes Knetz Alexcy Alexevitz and Pheodor Alexevitz his Sons But besides the Kings Presents to the great Duke there were Presents also from the Queen to the great Dutchess and some which his Excellence gave the great Duke apart as from himself The whole consisted in Vessels of gold and silver in cloth velvets satins and damaske of divers colours there was also great quantities of stufs and table linnen two gold-watches three clocks two pair of Pistols one gun and two carabins besides six pieces of cast Canon a great quantity of Cornish tynne and a hundred piggs of lead All which was sent before to the pallace the plate being carried by four and twenty men the cloth by threescore ten men carried the Velvets Sattins and Damask six and twenty the stufs and table linning and ten more the Gun the Pistols the Watches and the Clocks and on the sledges they carried the Canon the Tynne and the Lead This being done there were two sledges brought for the Ambassador and my Lord Morpeth and at the same time several white horses for the Gentlemen of his attendance At length we began to sett out about ten a Clock in the morning the Gentlemen on horsback two and two all richly habited their hats covered with fair plumes of feathers which did principally attract the eys of the Moscovits with whom the streets the shops the gates and the windows did swarme at this time There were several English Merchants also who had joyned themselves with the Gentlemen and were fallen into the same Order After them followed my Lord Morpeth in his sledg betwixt the Ambassadors Pristafs who had brought their rich robes along with them to our house and put them on there After my Lord Morpeth the two Trumpets followed after them the six Pages in three ranks and after them the twelve footmen marching in the same Order as at our Entry His Excellence was this day in black having on his haâ— a rich band of Diamonds on either hand he had two of the principal Boyars in their sledges as himself was who had put on their robes also at our house In the Ambassadors sledg there was the Secretary and the chief Interpreter standing and uncovered the Secretarie carrying in his hands upon a yard of red Damaske his Letters of Credence written in parchment whose Superscription contained all the titles of the Tzar in letters of Gold Behind the Ambassador there came none but the Master of the horse on horseback In this manner we past thorow the Tzars Guards who were drawn up in rancks on both sides of us reaching to the very bottom of the staires of the Hall thorow which we were to pass to audience Near the Castlegate we found another regiment of Guards drawn up also in very good order A while after we past thorow another Regiment in one of the Courts of the Castle and in this place we saw a great number of very fair Canon planted on one side and the other with the Canoniers by them and ready in appearance to fire upon us from all parts From thence we passed to another Court filled also with Guards but when we came to the gate of a passage thorow which we were to go all that were in sladdes or on horseback alighted Those who were to go up into the Hall of audience were constraind to leave their swords behind them it being not permitted for any body to pass any further with them by their sides for the prevention of which ceremony his Excellence and my Lord Morpeth carried none with them When we had gone some paces this way which is a way peculiar to Christian Ambassadors those of Infidel Princes being carried another there was a Boyar came to meet the Ambassador complemented him from the great Duke From thence we came to a great stone Galerie where another Boyar received his Excellence with another complement And from thence we came into a Hall thorow which we were to pass in to that of the audience and here it was we saw the Guards of the Tzars body in a most splended Equipage their Vests of velvet being lined with sables their caps richly adorned with pearles and precious stones and their very Partesans covered with gold and silver Neare the door of the Hall of audience the Ambassador received a third Complement from the Tzars own Cousin After which we opened to the right and left and the Ambassador entred first into the Hall after him my Lord Morpeth and then the Gentlemen and the Pages Alexey Michailouitz great Duke of Moscovie Aged xxxiv Yeares 1664 My Lord Ambassador made a low Reverence to his Majestie assoon as he was entred into the Hall the Throne being opposite to the Door then he advanced some paces and stopping at the Pillar in the midst of the Hall he made him a second then being ready to speak made him a third and saluted him in the behalf of his Master the King of England in these words The most Serene and most Puissant Prince Charles the Second by the Grace of God King of England Scotland France and Ireland Defender of the Faith c. To You the most High most Potent and most Illustrious Prince Great Lord Emperour and Grand Duke Alexey Michailovitz of all the great and little and white Russia Self-upholder of Moscovie Keavie Volodimerie Nofgorod Emperour of Cazan Emperour of Astracan Emperour of Siberia Lord of Pscove great Duke of Lituania Smolensco Twersco Volinsco Podolsko Vghorsco Permsco Veatsco Bolgarsco c. Lord and Great Duke of Nofgorod in the Lower Countries of Chernigo Resansco Polotsco Rostofsco Yeroslafsco Beloozarsco Oudorsco Obdorsco Condinsco Wetepsco Mâ—stisclaaco and all the Northern parts Lord of the Country of Iversco of the Tzars of Cantalinsco and of Gruzinsco and of the Country of Cabardinsco of the Dukes of Chercasco and Igorsco Lord and Monarch of several other Dominions and Provinces East West and North of which he is Heir from Father to Son by me Charles Earle of Carlisle Vicomte Howard of Morpeth Baron Dacre of Gillesland His Majesties Lieutenant in the Counties of Cumberland and Westmorland one of his Majesties most honourable Privy Councel and his Extraordinary Ambassador sendeth greeting and hath commanded me to deliver these Letters being his Letters Patents which he held in his hand to Your Imperial Majestie Which words being
with a loud voice explained by his Interpreter which stood by his Excellencies side the Ambassador advanced towards the Throne to present the Letter which he immediately delivered into the hands of his Chancellor His Excellence returning to his place the Tzar rose up and the Boyars doing the like all of them at the same time their Vests of Tissue made such a ruffling one against another that we were something amuzed at the suddenness of the noise Then after a short silence his Majestie began to speak and to enquire of the Ambassador concerning the Kings health but there being a too great distance between the Tzar and his Excellence the Chancellor had the care of coming to the Ambassador and repeating what the Tzar had said To which the Ambassador returned answer in these termes The most Serene and most Mighty Prince Charles the Second by the Grace of God King of England Scotland France and Ireland Defender of the Faith c. was through the mercy of the Omnipotent God in perfect health upon the twentieth day of July in the Year of our Lord 1663. when I had last the honour to kiss his Royal hands at my departure This answer being interpreted to the Tzar He arose again and enquired concerning the Queen Mother in these words How doth the desolate Widow of that glorious Martyr Charles the First To which the Ambassador having in like manner replied began the following Speech of which he had a Copy in English and his Interpreter another in the Moscovian Language As he spoke it every period was interpreted apart so that when his Excellence had concluded one Sentence the intepretation succeeded before he began the next which was conceived the properest way to entertain their attentions Therefore the Ambassador and his Interpreter were obliged to read from time to time and to observe punctually their several Periods This Harangue was also translated into Latine of which Translation because we shall have occasion to speak I shall make no difficulty to insert a copy in this place the Style being besides sufficiently elegant Illustrissime atque Excellentissime Princeps Imperator PErvenit nuper ad Serenissimam suam Majestatem Dominum meum Clementissimum perhonorifica Legatio cujus quidem splendor uti magnificentiâ tanti Principis unde est profecta dignissimus extitit ità argumentum Ei ad quem missa est longè erat gratissimum Vtpote quo praeter optatissimum de prosperâ valetudine Vestrâ rebus secundis nuncium gratulatio quoque de laetissimo Ejus in Regna sua Reditu summâ Serenissimae suae Majestatis felicitate Commemoratio antiquae inter Augustissimos Vtriusque Majores amicitiae perseverantia Vestra in eâdem colendâ atque in futurum augendâ continerentur Itaque inaestimabilis ille intimi animi Vestri affectus tam luculentae Legationis honore expressus illustratus instar gemmae clarissimae videbatur cui postquam Natura ultimam manum imposuit perfectissima quoque artis politura accessit Vel ut de nuncio tam opportuno dicam quod Salomon Regum prudentissimus de verbo commodè dicto erat velut aurea mala cum figuris argenteis Vnum tamen est de quo Serenissima sua Majestas cum Majestate Vestrâ Imperatoriâ meretissimò quidem conqueritur praeoccupatum sese beneficio Majestatem Vestram Imperatoriam praeripuisse sibi ne quod semper animo destinaverat Majestatem Vestram Imperatoriam eâ celebritate pompâ quae summam Vtriusque amicitiam deceret dignitatem primus salutaret Ego verò si tantulum à Domini mei Serenissimi sententiâ dissentiri liceret dum Vtriusque pares annos communes rationes adeoque consimilia studia atque affectus considero Neutri Vestrûm priores in hoc officio partes tribuendas sed in excellentissimis Amborum mentibus easdem causas uno momento eandem utrobique Voluntatem excitasse crediderim Sed astrorum quorum fulgores Majestatum Vestrarum lucem optimè adumbrant efficacitas pro variâ corporum intermediorum naturâ suspenditur retardatur Nec amici quorum nobilissimum exemplar in Majestatibus Vestris resplendet tam commodam opportunam rationem hactenus inire potuerunt ut absentes mutua mentis sensa condicerent pariter repraesentarent Quum igitur alteri necessariò de tempore concedendum esset Serenissima sua Majestas minùs laborat quod eò se praeverterit Imperatoria Vestra Majestas dum ne quod nunquam fieri patietur constantiâ etiam sinceritate affectûs Ipsum antecedat Neque verò gravatur Serenissima sua Majestas utì solet inter amicos rationem consilii sui reddere justissimis suis excusationibus adversus Majestatem Vestram Imperatoriam uti solam nempe negotiorum domesticorum molem obstare potuisse quo minus honorem hunc quo dum Majestatem Vestram Imperatoriam afficit Se ipsum impertit maturiùs Majestati Vestrae Imperatoriae deferret Et quum compluribus Principibus sibi propioribus eodem beneficio prior esset obligatus Se tamen interposuisse omnibus Majestatis Vestrae Imperatorae remunerationem utpote quo Neminem benevolentiâ amore magis propinquum haberet Se denique ab omni tam debiti officii dilatione tantùm abfuisse ut occasionem modò idoneam persolvendi illud Majestati Vestrae Imperatoriae captaverit Quamvis enim Serenissima sua Majestas non soleat ex syderum motu consilia sua suspendere aut ex Coelorum ordine de rerum suarum sucessu superstitiosè hariolari solet tamen ex Omnipotentis Dei nutu totus pendere ad ejus coelorum ejusdem Regiae felicitatis authoris significationes actiones suas ut ità dicam modulari Postquam igitur divinâ Benignitate in plenissimâ eorum omnium possessione Se constitutum vidisset quaecunque summam ornare possent fortunam cumulare hoc tandem uti auspicatissimum tempus elegit quo potissimùm Imperatorem tam Illustrem Fratrem Amantissimum Charissimum Amicum salutaret Majestati Vestrae Imperatoriae eandem vel fi fieri possit majorem etiam felicitatem auguraret Quum enim in his tribus Hostium Terrore Subditorum Obsequio Amicorum multitudine atque constantiâ praecipuum Regalis Solii firmamentum robur consistat liceat omnino affirmare Serenissimum Regem meum qui in rebus adversis admirandum undequaque virtutis fortitudinis suae specimen dederit nunc etiam è contrario ad miraculum usque melioris fortunae esse evectum Quod enim Inimicos attinet nemo inventus est qui recentem Ejus felicitatem interpellare voluerit praeter infames istos Praedones Africanos Christiani Nominis Humani generis hostes quos igitur quamvis bis mille passuum millibus distantes in illa sua spelunca Algeriensi obsedit Naves eorum partim cepit partim depressit captivos liberavit piratas nefarios suis conditionibus in posterum
my Father had at that time for reason of State desired the taking of them away whereas to the contrary He blessed Prince even to His last breath prayed and laboured for the good of His subjects and even as to this matter had prepared a Letter which I yet preserve among His other Reliques wherein He desires of your Tzarskoy majesty the Restitution of the privileges and disavowes Nightingale as an Impostor but had He I say then desired they might be revoked I also do now desire they may be restored The Merchants are complained of for several miscarriages contrary to the condition of the Privileges None of those miscarriages are verifyed but however I ordered my Ambassador to provide against the possibility of any such thing for the future and I my self should also have been a severe Inspector of any such default as intrenching highly upon mine own honour But the Goses and all the Tradesmen of Russia petitioned that the English were become rich by these Privileges and Your Majesties subjects were impoverished How is it then that your Tzarskoy majesty said in your Letter above mentioned that much happiness peace and tranquillity had accrued to both Dominions why do they not also against the Privilege which is enjoyed by the Dutch why not against the Cupshins of Persia for some of these in the mean time have privilege while the English are totally debarred it did the privileges impoverish the Country I should be glad to hear that since they were taken away which hath been time long enough to make an experiment the Country hath thereby grown richer But for my Subjects though if by honest industry they could grow rich they are rather to be commended Yet to the contrary neare thirty of them within this thirty years are undone by the Trade having brought considerable estates into your Dominions The English Merchants to whom the Privileges were granted are dead One of them is still living however which is so enough to continue the claim of the inviolable Tzarskoy privilege and though all were dead I understand it to have been granted to their Successors and I have given my Ambassador order to name new In other Countries every where strangers pay double custome How comes it then that the English Merchants Adventurers pay no custome in Holland and have besides free houses given them and freedom from excise and all other immunities denyed their own subjects That likewise they have the same privileges and pay no custome at Hamburgh in which places the English drive a much greater trade than here Do not the English Merchants not only pay no custom themselves but divide the customes of all other Nations with the Shagh of Persia at His Port of Ormus Do the English also impoverish all those Countries But then your Tzarskoy Majesty hath warre with the Crim and the Pole Your Tzarskoy majesty must pardon me if at this reason and considering most of those before which are in a manner word for word what was returned by the Messenger of that Usurper Cromwel I find my self something moved Were there therefore no warrs when the English privileges were first granted by Tzar Jvan Basilovich were there never in all the times they have been since enjoyed If your Tzarskoy majesty hath such Enemies that seem so considerable to you will it hurt you to continue me your Friend And is six thousand rubles yearly that is three thousand pounds which is the uttermost the English customes have amounted to since the cassing of the privileges is it I say so necessary a summe to so great a Prince for the carrying on of his wars that the effects of my friendship and the commerce of the English Nation cannot countervail it But I denyed your Tzarskoy Majesty the loan of mony I hope so impossible a summe to the greatest Prince of Christendome to advance on the sudden being I may name it to your Tzarskoy majesty ten thousand Poods of silver to the value of above thirty hundred thousand Rubles was not demanded on purpose to have a pretext to deny the privileges and by proposing an impossibility to refuse what is rational The less the Courtesie is asked the greater disobligation not granted and posterity which sits in judgement upon the memory of the greatest Princes will not so much blame Me for excusing so much as You for denying so little Your Tzarskoy majesty surely received from your own Ambassadors my Answer to that particular And the Merchants of the Muscovia Company refused a much less summe to Your Ambassadors Truly the former Merchants named in the privileges were dead all except one these now living have been impoverished and disinabled by the want of the privileges this seventeen years and Evan Zelobuskey offered them but ill security for the money an Obligation that it should never be that they should trade without custome These it seemes are the reasons with which they strive to shake to use your Tzarskoy majesties own expressions that brazen wall which hath stood so many years built by the wisdome of our Ancestors and now leaning upon the stability of Your own Princely promise and shall such Pellets be able to ruine it Have I for this sent mine own ship into the sound to fetch your Ambassadors Have I lodged them in the Palace of one of my greatest Princes layd them in mine own beds mine own hangings and treated them continually in mine own Vessel Have I done them the honor to enter in my Coach within the gate of my Court given them private Audience my self as oft as they desired it and as frequent Conferences with my Counsel as they pleased I repent it not I reproach it not I bear more honour to your Tzarskoy majesty my loving Brother than to do so But I doubt that some of them have not truly informed You of all the honour they received much more than I tell You. Have I not after this sent Ambassador to You my Cosin and whatsoever may have been told You to the contrary my privy Counsellor and that ever since my return into England one of the principal Noblemen of Our Kingdomes descended of Thomas Duke of Norfolk Charles Earle of Carlisle Viscount Howard de Morpeth Baron Dacre of Gillesland Lord Lieutenant of the Counties of Comberland and Westmorland having destinated him not only for this Ambassy but to have been my perpetual Remembrancer could I have been forgetful of any thing that tended to your Service Have I committed to him the secret of my heart in all things wherein I might pleasure you and shall your Tzarskoy majesty by him refuse me so small and perhaps the only thing which ever I can have occasion to ask of you the Privileges This indeed would repent me for the World will take more notice of it then can stand with Mine and Your honor and it will be the subject of much discourse and wonder when men shall consider what advantages this your Tzarskoy Crown hath recived from time to
satisfaction is given heretofore They do not like at all this expression of my Lords where he saies that they seeme to weigh the generous actions of Princes by Salotnicks As to the several Demands contained in another paper none but the second demand had a satisfactory answer The demand is this that all English Merchants desiring to repair home might have their passes to go over sea with their wives and families without any molestation But it is frustrated by reason of the next following article that justice might be done the English Merchants for their debts for of this there was no care at all taken The next demand to that which is of a great moment and much against the custome of Russia that all his Royal Majesties Subjects of what condition soever might upon their desire have full liberty to return is left without an answer Now concerning some particular subjects of the Kings who looked for the Tzars favour or justice upon this occasion by my Lord Ambassador they were all either rejected or put off The 27. of May the Commissioners sent to my Lord Ambassador their Answer to his Speech said at the private Audience the 22. of April but as to his Complaints against Pronchissof who as in spight of his Excellency was still in his Pristafs office there was not one word said to that nor to the other Memorial And indeed they might as well have left the speech unanswered seing their writings signify no more than their silence For as heretofore so concerning this speech that perhaps might have had any where else a favourable answer they say amongst many words very litle or noting to the purpose Their whole business it seemes is to catch at some expressions which interpreting alwaies to their disadvantage they take thereby occasion to give his Tzarskoy Majesty an ill tast of his Excellency and so to obstruct his business To that purpose they alledge first that in a place of his speech he calles them persons of great wisdom and experience whereas there is of great nobility and experience and that in another place he writes as if they could not shew in all their answers one certain or solid reason for the denyal of the propounded Privileges They do extreamly wonder at such an expression and that being a man of great understanding he would sometimes praise them which they take in very good part and sometimes vilify them But whereas my Lord saies in another place of his Speech That he received from his Commissioners so unexpected an answer that had Heaven fallen as the windows of the Councel-Chamber broke in twice at the recital it could scarce have been more strange or miraculous to him they are pleased to say that it was not fitting for him to speak so to his Tzarskoy Majesty But here is the grand scandalous and unhandsome expression as they take it that stickt to the Tzars very heart when his Excellency speaking as from the Kings Majesties own mouth concerning that unproportionable sum of money that his Tzarskoy Majesties Ambassadors demanded of his Royal Majesty in England said I hope so impossible a sum to the greatest Prince of Christendom was not demanded on purpose to have a pretext to deny the Priviledges and by proposing an impossibility to refuse what is rational The Commissioners answered that this unhandsome expression was an indignity not only to the friendship between both Princes but chiefly to the person of his Tzarskoy Majesty that such a Declaration was far from his Royal Majesties meaning and that therefore their Great Lord would write about it to the King As for the Priviledges they put them off till the wars be put to an end and then the Merchants must stand upon the Tzars courtesie Lastly his Tzarskoy Majesty doth indeed acknowledg the Kings affection to him where it is spoken of those fit opportunities that his Royal Majesty had and might have afterwards of assisting Him upon all occasions of War The Commissioners said that their Great Lord received these Declarations of the Kings in brotherly friendly amity and love Therefore they desired my Lord Ambassador to declare them against which of his Tzarskoy Majesties Enemies his Royal Majesty would assist their Great Lord and whether with warlike men and ammunition and if so with how many warlike men and armes and with what ammunition and whether his Royal Majesty would give this Assistance out of his own Treasury and for what time and to what place these his Majesties men were to come To that my Lord Ambassador gave them this answer that in all these things he was not at all limited but that they were left at his own best discretion provided first that his Tzarskoy Majesty would shew a just value of his Royal Majesties constant brotherly love and friendship But what concernes the propounded Mediation betwixt the Tzar and his Majesty of Sweden it was answered by the Commissioners that there was an Everlasting Peace concluded between Them and that those things that fell out after the Conclusion might be quieted by Messages on both sides As to the Additional Memorials presented to the Tzars Majesty against Pronchissof my Lord had at last an answer after a long sollicitation but it was too much like their Reparation about the miscarriage of our Entrance at Mosco They said that my Lord ought not to complain against him that whatsoever he was told by him in familiar discourses it was not out of malignity but after a friendly way so that his Excellency might take care of himself and of his affaires As to the Reparation promised upon his Entrance at Mosco they do not so much as speak one word of it And now to put an end to a Negotiation where so much is said and so little effected I shall add another important business that passed betwixt his Excellency and his Commissioners My Lord having newly received power and authority from the King to offer his Mediation betwixt the Tzars Majesty and the King of Poland thought that so kind an offer might perhaps bring his business to a better end than he had done hitherto He acquainted his Commissioners with it and offered himself to do his uttermost in prosecution of that affair in what manner his Tzarskoy Majesty should direct for his Service Provided that He would first manifest a just value of his Royal Majesties most sincere and constant brotherly affection by the grant of his former demands The offer did please them very well because it came in very good time but the condition annexed was too hard seeing they had doubtless resolved not to grant the Priviledges Yet they desired my Lord Ambassador to give this matter in writing at a Conference which they agreed upon to be had the first of June and the mean while the Tzar appointed for that purpose new Commissioners to treat of this matter that newly was come in hand So that at last his Excellency was rid from Pronchissof whom the Tzar had still
advanced along upon cloth to a certain Platform where the Patriach presented Palmes to the Tzar first and then to the rest That done he took off the Tzars Cap laid it upon a Silver plate and presented his golden cross to him to kiss Which being with great reverence performed the Patriarch waved it on high to both sides to them first that were in the Platform who received that Benediction with great reverence likewise and then to the People that were present who at the same instant cast themselves along upon the ground but more especially the Tzars Guards who were amongst them After this they sang certain hymns which lengthned their Devotion a compleat hour At this time there fell out a very pleasant accident occasioned by the Lady Ambassadresses maid mentioned at the beginning of this Narrative who desirous to see the glory of this Procession had slipt herself amongst my Lord Ambassadors Train into the place appointed for us to see the Ceremonies The place being higher than the rest and uncovered the Tzar lifting up his eyes often towards us at length took notice of this Maid and observing her well dressed and near his Excellence which was more than he had discerned he presently imagined it was the Ambassadors Lady and sent immediately one of his Boyars to enquire of her health The Ambassador altogether surprised with the Complement returned his thanks to the Tzar for his obliging intention and withall gave him notice of the mistake whereupon the Maid was dismist with a severe reprehension and being amazed at the strangeness of the adventure departed silently confused betwixt the honor and shame she had received at the same time A while after for default of an ass they brought the Patriarch to the entrance of the Platform a horse disguised like an ass with great artificial Ears and perhaps lest they should have discovered him to be a horse by his Coat or else have taken him for a red ass they covered him over with white Linnen And then having covered his sadle with several very rich coverings the Patriarch mounted by the help of a footstool and placed himself sideling upon the horse After that he blest the people with his Cross as he went along and the Tzar having reassumed his bonnet and Crown marched a foot before him leading his horse by the bridle as soon as they began their march there was a Chariot drawn by six horses covered with white linnen also that went before them in which Chariot there was a tree garnished with a great number of apples which they had fastned to it and on the Branches five or six men singing Hosanna The motion of this Tree was so strange to those who not seeing the horses that drew it were ignorant of the cause that some of them at first sight lookt upon it as a Miracle Eight days after this Procession we had the Feast of Easter in which the Moscovites have a Custome of presenting one another with coloured Eggs. When they salute one they cry Christos wos chrest which is as much as to say Christ is risen and the other answers Wostin wos chrest which is He is risen indeed They do ordinarily kiss one another in their Salutations and he which salutes the other presents him with a coloured Egg. This Ceremony continues fifteen days insomuch as at that time there are many Shops in which they sell these Eggs ready dyed into a red or a Crimson colour The Tzar himself makes use of them to his Military Officers residing in Mosco who coming all of them to kiss his hand his Majesty gives each of them an Egg accompanying his present with his Royal Benediction for the Success of their Armes On the nine and twentieth of May with great joy we solemnized both the birth of his Royal Majesty and his glorious Return to his Capital City His Majesty and the Tzar being born both in the Year 1630. there is no great difference in their Age only the Tzar was born the seventeenth of March and is by consequence ten weeks older In this Feast his Excellence treated amongst others the principal of the three Ambassadors whom the Tzar had a while before sent to the King and who departed from London but some few weeks before us But that could not be done without the Tzars permission who according to their Politicks was much in trouble ere he could resolve to grant him this grace And this notwithstanding the great amity they had contracted at London was the only opportunity they had of seeing one another again The Tzar for the augmentation of their Mirth sent them a good quantity of Spanish Wine and Mead. My Lord Ambassador entertained the Swedish Resident who was at that time in Mosco very often also by which means he had frequent conferences with him About this time the Marriage was consummated betwixt the good man that had hurt himself with his fall at Gravesend the next day after his departure from London and the Maid I mentioned but lately But the Bridegroom being as yet something lame of his fall as Vulcan was with being tumbled from heaven it gave occasion to one to say and not unpleasantly that if he plaied Vulcans part no doubt but she could play that of Venus as well I have before represented Mosco much Subject to fire and we had three instances of it during our residence there The greatest of all hapned on easter day but devoured only some hundreds of houses and yet there was no more notice taken of it than of the two other For to make a conflagration remarkable in this Country there must be at least seven or eight thousand houses consumed But they have this advantage at Mosco that they may buy houses ready made especially in that part of the Town called Scoradom which houses they take to pieces and having carryed them to the place where they designe their habitation it requires no great time to put them together again Besides this they have other great markets where they sell wood for building and that in such quantity one may have enough there to build a whole Town In this place it was we had experience as well as at Vologda of the verity of that saying of Juvenal Maxima quaeque domus servis est plena superbis Which is that great houses are commonly furnisht with haughty Servants And without doubt there had been great disorder amongst the Ambassadors Gentlemen had not he prevented it by a resolution which he declared of not sparing any one that sought to make division by unlawful ways Notwithstanding there hapned one duell betwixt one of our family and a stranger that was a Lieutenant in the Militia of the Tzar The quarrel was that being in company together this last though a Scotchman seemed to extol the grandeur and glory of the Tzar to the diminution of the King of England which the other disgusting magnifyed the King as much as was possible contrary to the judgment
honour at all their civility was much greater than we had reason to expect However the Ambassador could not avoid the disorder which happened at his departure from Mosco upon occasion of one Calthof who had put himself amongst his Gentlemen with design to return into England with them This Calthof had been in the Tzars service for some years and the time for which he had obliged himself being expired his Excellence interposed for his dismission and obtained it Nevertheless the Tzar having notice that he was going he sent a Messenger immediately after as we were marching out of the Town to recal him and which was the wonder the Messenger did not lose his way The Ambassador not conceiving it proper to oppose himself directly against the pleasure of his Tzarskoy Majesty returns Calthof to him but with expectation he should be presently released But five days afterwards being arrived at T were his Excellence understood they had upon a false pretence clapped him in Prison and used him very ill For which cause he dispatched a Post to Mosco with this Letter in Latin directed to Larivon Lopookin Diack or Chancellor of the Embassy-Office Domine Cancellarie NEscio quo fato aut consilio factum sit quod improsperae nostrae Legationi ultimus hic de Calthosio cumulus accesserit nisi fortassis decorum existimetis ut exitus introitum nostrum referret postrema primis per omnia responderent Serenissimus Rex meus disertis verbis mihi mandaverat ut Calthosium mecum reducerem Dominis Consiliariis Tibi praesertim Domine Cancellarie saepius declaravi tempus effluxisse quo se Calthosius Czareae suae Majestati devinxisset ideoque petii ut mecum posset reverti Cancellarius etiam Czarei Areani significavit nullam moram esse quo minus exiret Quomodo postea successerit non potes ignorare Ecce primarius Scriba in ipso itinere accurrit Czareae suae Majestatis nomine Calthosium postulat Ego qui optimè novi quantum reverentiae securitatis Legatorum dignitati debeatur ne tamen importuno loco cum Czareâ suâ Majestate altercari viderer Moscuam illum remisi ubi contrà quà m speraveram contra jus aequum falso praetextu eum in Custodiâ detineri audio Quorsum haec vergant nescio neque vos ipsi scitis qui facitis Me verò interim omnium infelicissimum qui pro summo meo Czareae suae Majestati inserviendi studio cum tam infausto nuncio sim reversurus Majus est hoc negotium quà m primo ituitu videtur in hoc Calthosio omnium Sacrae suae Majestatis Subditorum hîc degentium res agitur num pro liberis deinceps an verò pro servis captivis sint habendi Oro te Domine Cancellarie pro solitâ tuâ humanitate pro muneris tui officio ut haec Czareae suae Majestati sine hâc acerbitate quam tamen ipsa rei natura mihi expressit sed eâdem cum efficaciâ protinus velis remonstrare ut Czarea sua Majestas maturè de hâc re providere consulere queat Calthosius quod adhuc expecto bonâ cum Czareae suae Majestatis gratiâ me antequam limitem transierim assequatur T were 30. Junii Anno D ni 1664. CARLISLE My Lord Chancellor BY what destiny or design the unsuccesfulness of my Embassy should be accumulated with this violence to Calthof I cannot imagine unless You esteem it perhaps decorous that my exit should bear resemblance with my Entry and my last usage be as disobliging as my first The most Serene Prince my Master gave it me expressly in command that I should bring Calthof back with me I have often declared to the Lords of the Counsel and to you my Lord Chancellor more especially that the time for which he had obliged himself to his Tzarskoy Majesty was expired and for that reason I desired his return The Chancellor of his Tzarskoy Majesties Cabinet acquainted me he might go if he pleased there should be no impediment But what is happened since You cannot be ignorant of When I was even in my Journey the principal clerk of the Ambassy-Office pursues me and in his Tzarskoy Majesties name demands Calthof Yet though I understood well the reverence and security was due to the dignity of an Ambassador nevertheless lest I should seem upon slight occasions and unseasonably to contend with his Tzarskoy Majesty I returned him to Mosco Where I am since informed he is upon a false pretence detained in Custody not only contrary to my hopes and expectation but to all law and equity whatsoever How farr these injuries may extend I know not nor even You Your selves that contrive them In the mean time I am most unhappy who notwithstanding my great Zeal and affection for the service of his Tzarskoy Majesty must be constrained to return with this unwelcome tidings This is a greater busines than it appeares to be at first sight and in this Calthof the interest of all his most sacred Majesties Subjects living in this Country is at stake and it is a question whether for the future they be to be esteemed freemen or slaves I conjure You my Lord Chancellor by Your usual humanity and by the duty of Your place that You represent these things to his Tzarskoy Majesty not with that sharpness which notwithstanding the nature of the busines extorted from me but with such efficacy that his Tzarskoy Majesty may apply some remedy in time and that Calthof which I expect by his Majesties most gracious permission may overtake me before I am out of His Dominions T were the 30. of June 1664. CARLISLE This Letter was so farr from making any favourable impressions in the Tzar that it exasperated him to that heighth he resolved immediately to dispatch an Ambassador to the King of England to complain of his Excellences proceedings The design was principally taken upon a pleasant mistake on their side of qui for quid For this Expression in the Letter Quorsum haec vergant nescio neque vos ipsi scitis qui facitis which signifyes as it is translated how farr these thing may extend I know not nor You Your selves who contrive them the Court of Muscovie mis-interpreted it thus I know not what may be the end of this busines nor do You know Your selves what You do Which they conceived the highest piece of insolence that he should dare to say the principal Boyars and Councellors of so great a Prince were ignorant and impertinent as if they had done all things at random with out deliberation or reason And this translation in appearance was Golozofs the great Master of Latin in that Court and by whose instructions they had played the Criticks so exquisitely in the word Illustrissimus and who was much incenst against the Ambassador since his refusal of the presents So as there might be some prejudice or malice in the translation of the Letter However it was we found the Governour of
Master of the Ceremonies came aboord our Ship to signify to the Ambassador from their Majesties the King and Queen Mother the satisfaction they received at his arrival But before he could deliver his Complement we escaped â—ery narrowly from being cast away For having weighed our anchors in the morning to take advantage of the wind that was something favourable the Pilot doubling a point to gain the greater benefit by it the Vessel on a sudden ran so near the Rocks the Pilot in a great fright was forced to tack immediately with all the dexterity he was able which was not so great but the Ship struck with her Poop as she was turning about But by the Grace of God it was done without any other mischief than a concussion that waked and affrighted too all that were then asleep in the Ship After this our Vessel was managed so well that at length we gained the point that was so near destroying us and came to anchor within a League of Stockholm At this time the Master of the Horse who was arrived the day before came aboord the Man of war â—o give an accompt to the Ambassador of his Voiage and amongst the rest of an accident â—efel one of his Coach-horses at Sea which â—e had ordered to be thrown over board beâ—ng fallen ill beyond any hopes of recovery â—n the mean time my Lord Ambassadors Lady â—eing big with child thought convenient to get a-shore assoon as she could The 8. of September the Ambassador made his Entry where he received all possible expressions of an Amity extraordinary True â—t is there was not that Bravery and Ceremony as at his Entry at Mosco but I dare affirm there was much more Sincerity Frankness and Decorum And whereas in that the Moscovites made demonstration only of their Grandeur and Vanity The Swedes in this made no other expression but of Kindness Civility Their Artillery which is so dreadful in the wars was become here the grateful Proclaimer of Peace and Affection nothing being to be heard about the Town for an hour together but the noise of their Cannon and great Guns For assoon as the Ambassador had left the ship and was entered with his Train into the Boats that were sent him by the King the Fregat gave us a whole round with his Cannon and whilst we were making for the shore they saluted him with many from land so that they made a very strange clattering amongst the Rocks As we past along we had the sight of a Diver that came up out of a place twenty fathoms deep into which they let him down out of a shallop with a Cord to look for the Guns of a Man of War that had been cast away there He was clad all in leather and sate under a certain Engine something like a bell in which he said himself he had space enough to breathe the water comming no higher than his breast After this we came to a Bridg covered over with Carpets of Tapestry at which place his Excellence was complemented from their Majesties by one of the principal Senators And from thence he was conveyed in the Kings Coach to a House set a part for Ambassadors Their Majesties having joyned several of their Gentlemen Pages and Footmen to his Train The Liveries my Lord Ambassador had in this place were new Liveries brought him with several other goods by Mr. Watson to Riga They were like those which they wore at Mosco of Scarlet cloth the King of Englands Colour but trimed up after another fashion according to the Mode at that time and in all points very rich and handsom Of the Ambassadors Residence at Stockholm HIs Excellence having spent but five weeks in this Town I shall not have many â—hings to speak upon occasion of this Embassy â—he principal end whereof was to declare in â—he behalf of the King of great Britain the â—incere desire his Majesty had to enter into a â—ricter correspondence with the King of Swedeâ—and But before we enter upon this subject â—t will not be inproper to premise a word or â—wo concerning this Court. The word Stockholm is properly the name of the Isle in which the City is built which â—sland is called Stockholm which signifies the â—sle of the Tronk or body of a Tree Holme â—ignifying an Iland and Stock the trunck of a Tree For the Capital City being burned of â—ld they which layd the foundation of this did it as they relate it in this manner They â—hrew the Trunck of a tree into the water and â—esolved that at what Island soever the same Trunck first rested in that place they would â—uild their Town and the Trunck resting in â—his place the Town was accordingly built â—here and called Stockholm as the Island also â—s The Town is very compact but even with â—he suburbs is not altogether so big as Roven â—n France The buildings are most of stone yet some also of wood Of the first sort there are several very magnificent and amongst them that of General Wrangel and the Chancellors There are some parts of the Town which being built off from the Island stand like parts of Venice upon piles so that the Sea flows under them The Palace hath nothing in it very remarkeable saving that it stands on the bank of the Sea and has a faire prospect of several Ships that ride hard by and the Kings Men of Warr amongst the rest But that which is most considerable in Stockholm is that in so cragged and unpleasant a place the people should be so courteous and friendly and that amongst so many Rocks and uninhabited Islands which are as so many fortresses to the Town we should find a Court so civil and benigne In Moscovie we had experience of the contrary where in a Country pleasant beautiful we found a people whose manner of living is very rude and austere Whereas here in a place that seems to be the very refuse of nature we found all manner of humanity and politeness Besides the peculiar language of the Country the nobility do with great industry addict themselves to the French and indeed they speak it as freely as if it were their own Their humor and manner of living has great affinity with the French also they are free and open hearted and no less affectors of Gallantry As for their Religion they follow as they do in Denmark the doctrine of Luther His Excellence being arrived at this Court â—e was for three days entertained at the â—harges of the Swedish King and on the third which was a Sunday he had Audience from his Majesty I shall not delay my self so much as to make any discription of their Ceremonies they being the same that are ordinarily used in other Courts of Europe This only 〈◊〉 shall say in relation to the person of the King that at that time he was not fully arrived at the ninth year of his age and yet was at that age indued with all the
â—o the Government of this Kingdom with which He is at amity and of Your happiness of being Mother to a Prince his Friend who makes already so great a part of the discourse and hopes as He will one day of the history of Christendom His Majesty my Master rejoyces extreamly in the happy constitution of all Your affaires and under God attributes it much to Your Majesties Prudence that in the conjuncture of so young a King yet there is no possibility of other contention here then that decent contest whether You or the Kingdom have a greater share in Him And his Majesty my Master offers himself as a third to foment so amiable a controversy being resolved never to hold himself in neutrality thorough such blessed wars of friendship and affection as in all other things He saith he shall be most happy to witness the singular esteem and honour that for all these reasons He beares to Your Majesties person The Qeen my Sovereign Lady hath charged me with all commands of the like nature to express how amorous and how great an admirer She is of Your Royal person and virtues and most desirous of shewing by all means the great honour She retains and cherishes for your Majesty to whom I beg leave on mine own part to present all due honour and service This Complement his Excellencies Secretary immediately interpreted into French My Lord Ambassador after this Audience imploied most of that little time he had to stay in that Court in bringing the Amity and Alliance between these two Crowns to a nearer and firmer Connexion And this was the reason he had several conferences with the principal Ministers of that Kingdom both in publick and private Amongst other things he intimated the design the King his Master had to enter into a strict League with that Crown and the Kingdom of Danemark he demonstrated the great advantages would accrue thereby and that without doubt the security of the three Kingdoms of England Swedeland and Danemark would principally depend thereupon That for this reason his Majesty of great Britain deputed two Gentlemen in quality of his Envoies Extraordinary one to this Court and the other into Danemark to the end this affair might be brought to a happy Conclusion The design was acceptable enough in this Court which alwaies expressed a great inclination of uniting themselves more strictly with the Crown of England And as there seems to be naturally betwixt the two Nations of England Swedeland a kindness and propensity one to the other so was it very material that so good a principle should be actuated and imployed and that Art might give perfection to Nature His Excellence interceded likewise in the behalf of several English Merchants and others that either had there some business of concernment or that desired some favour or other And in this respect also my Lord Ambassador found this Court so favourable that he was sooner weary of asking than they were of gratifying his Lordship There being at Stockholm three Residents one from France the other from Danemark and the third from Holland his Excellence had several Conferences with each of them and treated them afterwards one after another with all honourable entertainment In the mean time his Excellence had the honour to be regaled by their Majesties the King and Queen Mother in a most obliging manner in a small Palace some few Leagues from Stockholm where assoon as he was arrived his Excellence was received with a Colâ—ation and after he was shown all the Curioâ—ities in the Castle he was carried to Dinner with the King and the Queen Mother The King drank to the Ambassador the King of Englands health but drinking it with more zeal than ordinary and the glass being too â—ig it hapned he spilt a good part of the Wine upon his cloths which put his Majesty so out of countenance that he looked as he would willingly have drunk it again with more caution if by that means he could have got that disaster forgotten After Dinner his Excellence went a hunting in a fair Park well stocked with Deer The King was there on Hors-back also and observing his Excellence scrupulous of shooting a large Deer that was within his reach he asked him why he did not shoot who answering that a smaller Deer would be sufficient for him the King replyed he should take no care for that if he left but one he might dispose of the rest as he pleased At length his Excellence retired after a long chase he being forced to shoot 2. or 3. times before the Doe would fall and being of his own killing it was sent immediately to his house Some few days after there was a great Ball at which my Lord Ambassador was desired to be present where we had opportunity to see the great Gallants of Stockholm and the politeness of those that made the most gloriouâ— part of that Court. Two days after his Exceâ—lence had the curiosity to go see the King greatest Men of Warr which where then a Anchor near the Town where indeed wâ— found his Majesty was very well provided This visit ended in a very fair collation which the Count Stenbock Admiral of Swedelanâ— made for his Excellence in which he was entertained with Trumpets Drums and Cannon The next day his Excellence was treated again with extraordinarie pomp by the Chancellor in one of his Country houses some mileâ— from Stockholm in the Company of the principal nobility of that Court where he received all possible demonstrations of the friendship and honour they bore to his person every thing corresponding with his Dignity As soon as he was arrived he was presented with the Collation excellent musick after that he had the diversion for half an hour to see nine Earles run at the Ring in his presence with great agility and address From thence he was attended to the Table where he found enough to indulge every one of his sences they remaining almost four hours at the Table Amongst other things there was a noble concert of Violins of Trumpets Ketle-Drums and at his departure of Cannon And this Entertainment was the occasion of another the next day in the Ambassadors house where his Excellence regalled the 〈◊〉 me Company again with all manner of â—anckness and civility The 3. of October his Excellence and all his â—tinue were treated again by the English â—erchants residing in Stockholm But this â—east was scarce over when there hapned a â—atal Quarrel betwixt two of the Ambassaâ—ors Gentlemen one of which was a German â—ollonel whom his Excellence had received â—nto his Family at Mosco in the quality of a â—entleman of his Train The other that kilâ—ed him being of his acquaintance had lent â—im a considerable sum of money with promise and expectation to have it suddenly â—epaid The Collonel having been a prisoner â—ome time in Mosco put himself with this â—oney into a good Equipage but instead â—f repaying it as he had promised
sent by Your Majesty to England His Majesty hath now sent me to return that honouâ— and obligation and to assure Your Majesty that as He shall most faithfully observâ— that inviolable League then perfected bâ— the prudence of Your Ambassador betwixt â—our Majesties so shall He most gladly â—pprove on all occasions to Your Majesty â—hat antient radicated and private afâ—ection which hath from Your Ancestors â—itherto flourished so happily betwixt â—ou His Majesty is only troubled that â—hat by the composition of his own afâ—airs and what by my slow arrival this â—ffice is performed later to Your Majesty â—ut He hopes your Majesty will consider â—hat however the Embassy was then sent â—hen his Letter was first subscribed â—nd that to recompense and excuse my â—ecessary delay He hath taken care to â—pply it in the mean time by his Extraâ—rdinary Envoyè who I doubt not â—ccording to his great abilities and â—ffection hath already herein sufficienly â—formed Your Majesty So that I need â—y nothing more at present than at the â—ginning that as both Your Majesties â—overeign Power is free from all shock â—nd competition and your Peoples mutual Interest dispenses you from alâ— suspicions and jealousy so I even out oâ— fidelity to the King my Master besidâ— mine own proper inclination find my selâ— bound to contribute all things towarâ— the entertainment and certainty of thâ— most perfect Friendship betwixt your Majesties and shall make it my business to give all the real proofs and testimonies thereof during the time allotted me for this Employment This Speech was rendred into Latin after this manner Domine Rex INter tot summae fortunae Ornamenta hoc tamen incommodi Principibus adhaeret quòd rarò ad intimam illam apertam animorum communicationem aspirare possint quam inter tenuioris sortis homines saepius observamus Regii enim illa fastigii paritas perpetuâ ferè aemulatione concurrit diversae ut plurimum Subditorum rationes aut studia etiam Dominos trahunt ipsa ministrorum suorum prudenâ—ia fides ad cautelam potiùs suspicionem quà m ad amicitiae inter Reges simplicitatem facere videntur Inter Regem autem Dominum meum Majestatem Vestram res aliter omninò sunt comparatae soli forsitan estis ex Europae Principibus quorum neuter in tantâ vicinitate alterius liminibus obstruat Sed quum omnia quae etiam privatos conciliant benevolentiae charitatis irritamenta inter Majestates Vestras intercedant suprema Vtriusque Potestas hoc tantum efficit ut majori cum dignitate fructu mutuam amicitiam exercere excolere possitis Si enim felicissimam Majestatis suae Avi Majestatis vestrae Patris memoriam replicemus quorum auspiciis hospitalitatis consanguinitatis jura inter Majestates Vestras propius coaluere nullius unquam Principis Subditi tam unanimes concordes quantum ipsi illi Reges fuerunt Eâdem familiaritate quâ Cives in eâdem urbe in Regnis suis se mutuò inviserint nec minori cum fiduciâ in commune consulebant quà m fratres in eâdem familiâ Quae deinceps officiorum reciprocatio quae communicatio consiliorum quae prosperorum adversorum inter Angliae Daniae Reges societas permansit tali praecipuè ex Vestrâ parte constantiâ in turbidissimâ illâ Regni Anglicani procellâ ut istud gratissimâ aeternâ memoriâ Majestas Sua retineret tantus denique animorum urdequaque consensus ut neque ex ultimâ antiquitate tam sincerae constantis aureae amicitiae exemplum eruere possimus Et uti beneficiorum mutui nexus animata illa sanguinis naturae vincula purissimâ unione Majestates Vestras illigarunt ita quo ad Populorum communionem utramque Nationem crassioribus navigationis commerciorum nodis tanquam rudentibus anchoris obstrictam inter se contextam videmus Quum autem publicae illae utriusque Populi rationes tempore extraordinariae à Majestate Vestrâ Legationis optimè constituta fuerint Majestas sua Dominus meus clementissimus per me eundem Legationis honorem officium Majestati Vestrae nunc reddere perfolvere voluit Et Majestati Vestrae per me testatum facere se non solum summâ fi de perseveraturum in sanctissimo illo foedere inter Majestates Vestras Extraordinarii Vestri Legati operâ prudentiâ confecto sed etiam omni occasione Majestati Vestrae approbaturum esse antiquum innatum singularem illum affectum qui ab Augustissimis Vtriusque Majoribus propagatus inter Majestates Vestras hactenus religiosissimè conservatur Hoc unicum Majestatem suam malè habet quòd propter urgentissima sua negotia tardiorem nostrum adventum seriùs aliquantò hoc officium reciprocare potuerit Sperat tamen Majestatem Vestram reputaturam Legationem hanc jam inde missam quum primum Literas mihi ad Majestatem Vestram dederit utque necessariam nostram moram meliùs compensare excusare posset Se interea per Ablegatum Extraordinarium curasse Neque dubito quin Dominus Ablegatus Extraordinarius pro suâ prudentiâ optimo affectu Majestati Vestrae hâc in re abundè satisfecerit Ità ut supervacaneum omnino foret in praesens aliquid addere nisi sicut in Principio orationis dixi Regiam Vtriusque dignitatem hoc ipso Majestates Vestras melius conciliare communes Subditorum Vestrorum rationes ab omni invidiâesse sejunctissimas ità me Majestatis suae Ministrum praeter propriam animi nostri propensionem etiam pro fide quam Majestati suae debeo omnia contributurum ad certitudinem ad declarationem perfectissimae suae cum Majestate Vestra amicitiae quo ad hîc manebo totam in ejus argumentis testimoniis operam nostram tempus collocaturum After this was done the Chancellor of Denmark in the Name of his Master made a reply which was turned into Latin also Amongst other things he declared the sence his Master had of the great Expressions of kindness which he had received from his dear Friend and Allie the King of Great Britain That there was nothing his heart was more inclined to than to entertain a happy Correspondence with him and that he would be always ready to embrace a Conjunction of Interests with the King of England Lastly that his Majesty was very well satisfied with the Abilities and Affection of his Excellence and that he might assure himself of his Royal favour and Good will In the mean while the King and the Ambassador observed one thing punctually as had been done in Sweden that every time the word Majesty was pronounced in English Danish or Latin both the one and the other pulled off their hats and afterwards put them on again at the same time exactly After the Kings answer was made his Excellencies Son and all the Gentlemen went in order to make their Reverence to his Majestie and that
would without any difficulty enter into a particular Alliance with Sweden especially if it were done by the interposition of the King of Great Britain with whom he was so nearly allied that he could not conceive any thing would be recommended by him buâ— what would be effectually for the advantage of the Crown of Denmark according to hiâ— Excellencies declaration That his Masterâ— would not endeavour to bring the Swede to any conditions that should be to the prejudice of his Majesty of Denmark And that iâ— this confidence he was very willing the King of England should negotiate a Confederacâ— with the Crown of Sweden as strict as hiâ— own affairs did require and with as much advantage to himself as was possible Anâ— that furthermore for the better success in thâ— League which the King of England desired tâ— establish betwixt the Crowns of Denmark England and Sweden his Majesty conceived that one of the most necessary points waâ— that the Swedes should be brought to abaâ— and retrench in some measure in the Privâ—ledg they enjoyed of being exempt froâ— Gabels and Customs in the Sound and tâ— condescend that all Tolls in that place might â—n respect of the Hollander be restored to the â—ondition wherein they were in the Year 1642. â—o the end that the three Kingdoms of Denmark England and Sweden might manage â—heir Commerce for the future with equal â—dvantage But if this Proposition should not be accepted by the Crown of Sweden â—he Commissioners declared that the King â—heir Master left it to the judgment of his Majesty of Great Britain what other means â—ight be used to accomplish the Union proposed and whether it would not be â—onvenient to offer the Swedes a proportionable sum of money for the resignation of â—heir Priviledg and to give them sufficient â—ecurity for the sum that should be so offered and accepted They thought it necessary moreover that â—he Subjects and Ships of the three Kingdoms might reciprocally trade into the Ports of each King with the same Priviledges as the â—nhabitants of the same Country without any difference or limitation And without doubt â—his equality would have been of great imâ—ortance for the conserving the three Kings â—n a perfect and perpetual Union Besides this his Majesty of Denmark judged â—t expedient that it should not be lawful for either of the three Kings to permit the Traiâ—ors or Rebels of the two other or either of them to have any shelter or protection in their Kingdoms and that the same rule should be observed toward such Subjects as should convey themselves out of the Dominion of their Masters without his consent To that which related to the exemption of the Subjects of his Majesty of Great Britain from paing Toll at the Passage into the Sound as was proposed by his Majesty to the King of Denmark The Commissioners gave his Excellence to understand that the Registers of the Gabels of the Sound having been examined how the same had been paid from time to time by all Nations trading into those Seas and particularly by the English they had found that his Majesty of Denmark could not demand less than an hundred and twenty thousand Rixdollers or Crowns yearly to exempt the King of Englands Subjects from the payment of Tolls at their passage into the Sound And that the King of Denmark would reserve the right of Sovereignity which he pretends to there entire to himself without any prejudice directly or indirectly by this Compact As to the design his Majesty of great Britain had to joyn with the King of Sweden in removing and turning the trade from Archangel and bringing it thorough the Sound The King of Denmark answered by his Commissioners that when he understood upon what conditions and terms the King of Enâ—land would joyn himself with the Swede in â—ursuance of this design his Majesty would â—eclare himself more largely thereupon and â—ive manifest Evidence of his Inclination to â—romote as much as possible the Commerce â—f the Subjects of his Majesty of Great Briâ—ain And that only in case the Proposal â—efore mentioned did not succeed Otherâ—ise the generality of the English Commoâ—ities which pass thorow the Sound would â—ot have need of any other Priviledg But 〈◊〉 case that should not be admitted it might â—t least be accommodated by a particular â—ransaction touching the manner in which the Toll was to be paid in the Sound for all such Commodities as should be brought from Moscovy that way The Commissioners deâ—lared further as to what concerned the Proâ—osition about Moscovy that his Majesty of Denmark was not in any particular League â—ith that Crown and that there was then â—ome differences depending betwixt them â—bout their Limits where the Frontiers of â—orway are adjacent to the Dominions of the â—zar As to that part which related to the sum â—f money which the King of Denmark should â—emand in case he set out a Fleet for the serâ—ice of his Majesty of England The Commisâ—oners made answer that the King their Master intending to set out twenty Men of War at the begining of the Spring with nine hundred and fourscore or a thousand pieces of Cannon and five thousand good Seamen and Soldiers besides Officers it would be necessary that five and twenty thousand Crowns extraordinary should be paid him at least besides what charges he should be forced to be at himself to maintain them at Sea In short the King of Denmark insisted that his Majesty would endeavour that the King of Sweden should declare himself as to the Union proposed and that nothing should be transacted in this matter without his knowledg and consent And this being all we have to say of the Ambassadors Negotiation it follows that we say something of his manner of Entertainment in this Court which was almost the same as at Stockholm in Feasts and Treatments For besides the Entertainments of the three first daies after his arrival which some charged of having somewhat in them of the Bacchanalian air there were several otheâ— feasts as particularly when his Excellence treated Mr. de Treslon the French Ambassador of whom I have spoken before From which time there was so great a friendship betwixt the two Ambassadors as would have made one admire to behold the extraordinary frankness and civilities which passed between them They visited one another very frequently and that by surprize sometimes and treated one another with all imaginable Respect and Courtship Mr. Treslon being the first of the two at Copenhagen made the first Visit to my Lord Embassador who met him at the outward Gate next the street giving him the precedence and right hand whilst he was in his house which was likewise observed by the French Ambassador when his Excellence visited him and this was the commmon reception they used to one another The business of that Embassy from the King of France was for the consummation of a League which was in transaction betwixt that King and the King of Denmark
and had a continual free Cabal of Dutch Spyes upon the Embassador while before the first audience none were suffered to enter to the Embassador and alwaies after the admittance very severe some examined others repulst others beaten might be removed specially seeing the Lodging was so strait that Almaz Evanof the Posolskoy Diack and one of the Commissioners said it was good for the English Gentlemen to ly close together lest the Rats should run away with them and the Dutch openly bragging that he should continue there in spight of the Ambassador the said Doomnoy Dvoranin as being the Ambassadors Pristaf being often urged to effect it did either neglect or hinder it so that he continued there at pleasure Also the said Doomnoy Dvoranin telling the Embassador one day that the King of Poland had sent a Messenger to his Tzarskoy Majesty to beg the mercy and grace of his Tzarskoy Majesty to grant him peace and the Embassador replying that those were terms which the most subjugated Princes did never descend to but that he was glad to hear his Tzarskoy Majesties affairs were in so good a posture the said Doomnoy Dvoranin went forthwith and acquainted his Tzarskoy Majesty with the first part of the Embassadors reply but so disguised and with so ill a gloss that he thereby incensed his Tzarskoy Majesty highly against the Embassador Beside his Tzarkoy Majesty having as is said done the Ambassador the honour to invite him to see the Solemnities of Palm-Sunday the said Pronchissof afterwards asking the Ambassador how he liked it and the Ambassador witnessing his satisfaction in so venerable a Ceremony the said Doomnoy Dvoranin went strait to his Tzarskoy Majesty and told him the Ambassador said it was a pretty Comedy which also displeased his Tzarskoy Majesty as good reason Whereas the Doomnoy Dvoranin himself only used those words to the Ambassador asking him if it were not a pretty Comedy Also the Embassador discoursing with the said Doomnoy Dvoranin concerning Tzar Evan Basiliwich and his desire and progress toward a marriage with a Lady of the blood Royal of England he most irreverently as to both Princes replied that the said Tzar Evan Basilowich had many such women speaking it in a very ill sense Moreover the said Doomnoy Dvoranin took occasion several times to vilify the Present sent by his Royal Majesty to his Tzarskoy Majesty in the presence of the said Embassador and to say that when he saw the Tin shine he was in good hopes it had been Silver But of these things the Embassador never spoke at any time till upon this forcible occasion of his own vindication But the said Doomnoy Duoranin having spoke dishonorably and fasly concerning the posture of His Royal Majesties affairs and telling him to his face as if he were a Posoulnick or agent of the Muscovia company and having told the Embassador that he neglected his Majesties affairs in respect of the Merchants and threatning him with his Tzarskoy Majesties displeasure and that His Tzarskoy Majesty would complain of him to his Royal Majesty as if he had transgressed his instructions which certainly the Doomnoy Duoranin was never acquainted with by the Embassador he charged him therewith before his Tzarskoy Majesty The success it seems of that private Audience was this The Embassador having together with the Enlish Copy subscribed given in a Latin Copy translated as near as possible but not subscribed but by his Secretary having only prepared it to save time and as an help to their Russ translation because one of the Commissioners Golozof understood Latin this Golozof was imployed several daies to the Embassador to perswade him subscribe â—he Latin translation also This Golozof pressed under that colour and pretext that so many things being said therein to the honour of His Tzarskoy Majesty and of his Royal Majesties affection toward Him so that it was most fit to continue upon Record this also being subscribed it would be so much the stronger and as under two witnesses But the Ambassador refused as not being his own language Yet at last though he guest at the true reason to give His Tzarskoy Majesty that satisfaction he subscribed it with this addition Except any difference with the English which 〈◊〉 soon as they had obtained they discovered forthwith their true intention First they complain as if he had spoke with dis-respect of Tzar Ivan Basilovich where he saith That first and great Founder of the Amity betwixt the English and Russian Crowns and of the Privileges to the English Nation Tzar Ivan Basilovich because he added not all his other Titles and they required the Ambassador should alter that expression accordingly which how reasonable soever he did Though the Commissioners nevertheless the private Audience having been upon the twenty second of April gave to the Embassador a paper of the twenty fourth of May wherein they named the late King only King Charles and his present Majesties former Embassador the Lord Culpepper the messenger William Culpepper Which horrid and probably wilful mistake they would never alter till the Embassador had taken his last leave of His Tzarskoy Majesty Then they as now the Ambassadors accuse him for an expression concerning the falling in of the Windows at their first abrupt refusal of the Privileges which notwithstanding was very true And whereas they then and now the Ambassadors lay much load upon an Expression about the loan of ten thousand pood of Silver desired by Knez Peoter Semonovich as if the Embassador therein offered an indignity to His Tzarskoy Majesty an indignity to the friendship betwixt both Princes transgressed His Instructions and his Tzarskoy Majesty would as he hath now done complain thereof to His Royal Majesty the Embassador did then only speak in His Royal Majesties person I hope that such a sum was not desired for such an end c. And His Royal Majesty doth still hope so Then as to the Doomnoy Duoranin notwithstanding so just and high a complaint prefer'd against him he was the man chosen to come next from His Tzarskoy Majesty to enquire of the Ambassadors health and was so imployed for many days as afore At last indeed there was another Pristaf appointed in his place truly a much civiler person but of lesser quality which is the present Ambassador of His Tzarskoy Majesty But it was signified from His Tzarskoy Maj ty by Gregory Cosmevich the other Pristaf to the Embassador that this removal was upon the Doomnoy Duoranins own desire to be dismist Also no Reparation was given the said Embassador against the Doomnoy Duoranin but in a paper afterwards delivered he was justified in all these enormities and the Ambassador accused that after all these provocations and the charge given up against him to His Tzarskoy Majesty the Embassador would not as formerly discourse with him of affairs of the Embassy as if he had there in affronted the said Doomnoy Duoranin Concerning the Entry nothing of Reparation would be given The Embassador had
during this time a power that came for mediating betwixt His Tzarskoy Majesty and the King of Poland which he imparted to his Tzarskoy Majesty and He kindly accepted but not being pleased to effect any thing in the Privileges it fell to the ground And therefore the Embassador having even from the 29. of February intimated his desire to depart and having been held up from time to time several moneths to no end so that he lost the Winter way to Riga to the prejudice of his Royal Majesties occasions pressed importunately for a dispatch which it was long before he could obtain and when near obtaining in one and the same day had three times contrary orders sent him about his departure At the Embassadors taking leave of his Tzarskoy Majesty recredentials were given him wherein his Royal Majesties Title of Defender of the Faith was omitted and contrary to the mutual trust due to an Embassador the Copy was although he demanded it flatly refused him After he had taken his leave of his Tzarskoy Majesty it seems his Tzarskoy Majesty was desirous to have placed some marks of his generosity upon the Embassador and his retinue and the not receiving of them is used by the Embassadors of his Tzarskoy Majesty in aggravation against him whereas that business past in this manner The Embassador it is true had for several reasons hereafter expressed resolved that it became him not to receive the Presents unless those things were rectified And therefore to avoid the ill aspect of refusing them after they should be sent he resolved also first to send for the Ockolnichoy Vasilia Semonovich Volinskoy and for Larivon Mitrevich Lopookin Posolkoy Diack to communicate his reasons For which he thought he had time enough his Pristafs whose office it is not having yet advertised him But contrariwise Lookian Timopheovich Golozof the Diack the Embassador being at dinner sends him word by a servant that he was coming with the Presents The Embassador rising from Dinner and about to send to the Ockolnichoy and Posolkoy Diack aforesaid desired the Servant to stay a little when on a sudden Lookian comes in with the Sables The Embassador began to discourse soberly with him of his unexpected coming and the reasons why he deliberated upon refusing the Present Which Lookian would not endure to hearken to but interrupting the Ambassador continually without any patience and with great clamour flung rudely away from him and departed Vasilius Semonovitch Volinskoy came the next day to the Embassador desiring from his Tzarskoy Majesty to be informed of the reasons why he had refused the Presents The Embassador it seems had in order to his departure demanded several things of Common right or courtesie As Satisfaction to the English Merchants for their old debts and houses For this the Commissioners reduced the debts within twenty six Rubles according to their account and for houses nothing That all English Merchants desiring to repair home may have their Passes to go over Sea with their Wives and Families without molestation This had a satisfactory answer But to the third That justice might be done the English Merchants for their debts there was no care at all of it but to the contrary great severity toward them so that this frustrated the former answer which was satisfactory That all his Majesties Subjects of whatsoever other condition may upon their desire have full liberty to return To which there would no answer be given in writing But the verbal answer was that they who have once taken service under his Tzarskoy Majesty though not expressed for life yet if not expressed for term of Years are thereby Servants as long as his Tzarskoy Majesty pleases As it seemed they intended to practise it in the case of General Dyel and Lieutenant General Drummond who were forced so long to march about Mosco with his Royal Majesties Letter and could get none to receive it That Collonel Baily accused of Treason by Cherillo Clopoue might be brought to a speedy trial Which though his accuser was in Town and promised yet would not be done That Collonel James Mein exiled with his Wife and Family into Siberia might if guilty have mercy if guiltless justice See the Civility of the answer Collonel Jacob Mein is sent into Siberia for a great fault and it is not fit to recal him out of Siberia That Collonel Cuningham accused of Treason might be brought to a speedy trial Which would not be granted That Mrs. Francis Rose according to his Royal Majesties desires by Letter may have liberty to return into England her Husband also desiring it Which was not granted but her being of the Russian Religion alledged as extinguishing her allegeance The Embassador upon a general review of these and all other passages in his Negotiation gave for answer and reason of his Refusal Defender of the Faith omitted in the Kings Title The late Kings Title and Lord Culpeppers not amended No satisfaction about his Entrance Nor concerning Pronchissof His Tzarskoy Majesty holding himself for affronted c. The Priviledges as good as refused Nightingales Letter pretended to be lost No justice to English Merchants No liberty for his Majesties Subjects upon expiring of their obligations to depart Affirmed in writing that the Moscovy Company killed the King Mrs. Rose Collonel Mein Collonel Baily c. Concluding that all the effect of this Embassy had been only the release of three English common Soldiers taken prisoners from the Pole after long sollicitation and upon condition that two of them should serve his Tzarskoy Majesty Adding moreover That for all these reasons he knew that not having done his Majesties business and lying still under Pronchissofs aspersion of receiving the Merchants money and accused by his Tzarskoy Majesty of doing an affront to Him it befitted him not to receive any Present at his hand Although otherwise he should account the least favour from his Tzarskoy Majesties hand a perpetual ornament honor and obligation to himself and Family and would receive though it were but a Cap cloth from Him as a Coronet and was prepared at any time when these things were rectified to receive any testimony of His Tzarskoy Majesties remembrance and affection After this the 24. of June the Embassador departed from Mosco Calthof riding publickly and openly in his Train The Embassador being about half a mile out of Town a Writer of the Posolskoy Precaz comes in His Tzarskoy Majesties name to demand him The Ambassador at last let him got hinking it not prudent to adventure his own journey on Calthofs and hoping to gain his dismission which he tried by two Letters writ back in his journey to the Posolskoy Diack These are the Letters the Embassadors complain of in two places as if the Earle of Carlisle told them therein that they did not rightly understand themselves Wheras the words are only Quorsum haec vergant nescio neque vos ipsi scitis qui facitis What these things tend to I know