mediat a Peace for them of the Religion and in case of refusall to use certain menaces hereupon he coming to the Army and finding the approches to the said Town were almost finish'd he hastned his addresses to the King for an audience The King referring him to Luynes and desiring that what he had to say might be first imparted unto him he went accordingly to Luynes lodgings and deliver'd his Message so that he reserv'd still the latter part which was menace untill he heard how the busines was relish'd Luynes had hid behind the hangings a Gentleman of the Religion who was upon point of turning Roman that being an earwitnes of what had pass'd between the English Ambassador and Luynes he might relate unto them of the Religion what little hopes they were to expect from the intercession of the King of England The Ambassador and Luynes having mingled some Speeches the language of Luynes was very haughty saying What hath your Master to do with our Actions Why doth he meddle with our affairs Sir Edward Herbert replied It is not to you to whom the King my Master owes an account of his Actions and for Me it is enough to obey Him In the mean time I must maintain that the King my Master hath more reason to do what he pleaseth to do then you have to ask why he doth it Nevertheles if you desire me in a gentle fashion I shall acquaint you further Whereupon Luynes bowing a little said very well The Ambassador answer'd That it was not on this occasion only that the King of Great Britain had desir'd the Peace and prosperity of France but upon all other occasions whensoever any troubles were rais'd in that Countrey And this he said was his first Reason The second was That when a Peace was settled there His Majesty of France might be better dispos'd to assist the Palatin in the affairs of Germany Luynes said We will none of your advices The Ambassador replied That he took that for an Answer and was sorry only that the affection and good will of the King his Master was not sufficiently understood and that since 't was rejected in that maner he could do no lesse then say that the King his Master knew well enough what he had to do Luynes said We are not afraid of you The Ambassador smiling a little replied If you had said you had not lov'd Us I should have beleev'd you and made you another Answer In the mean while all I will tell you more is That We know very well what we have to do Luynes hereupon rising a little from his chaire with a fashion and a countenance much discompos'd said By God if you were not Monsieur l' Ambassadeur I know very well how I would use you The Ambassador herewithall rising also from his chaire said That as he was his Majesties of Great Britains Ambassador so he was also a Gentleman and that his sword whereon he laid his hand should do him reason if he took any offence After which Luynes replying nothing the Ambassador went on his way towards the doore to which when Luynes seem'd to accompagny him the Ambassador told him that after such language there was no occasion to use ceremony and so departed expecting to hear further from him But no message being brought him from Luynes he did in poursuance of his instructions demand audience of the King at Cognac St. Iean d' Angely being now rendred who granting it where he did in the same termes and upon the same motives Mediat a Peace for them of the Religion and receiv'd a far more gentle Answer from the King The Marshall de Saint Geran coming to Sir Edward Herbert told him in a friendly maner you have offended the Constable and you are not in a place of surety here whereunto he answer'd That he held himself to be in a place of surety wheresoever he had his sword by him Luynes little resenting the affront he receiv'd from Sir Ed. Herbert got Cadenet his brother Duke of Chaune with a ruffling train of Cavaliers neer upon a hundred whereof there was not one as Cadenet told King Iames but had kild his man in duel Ambassadour extraordinary to England a little after who misreporting the clash 'twixt Sir Ed. Herbert and Luynes prevaild so far that Sir Ed. Herbert was presently revok'd to answer the charge that should be laid against him In the mean time the Earl of Carlile that dexterous Courtier was employ'd extraordinary Ambassador to France for accommodating le mal entendu which might arise 'twixt the two Crowns Carlile was commanded to inform himself of the truth of the businesse afore mention'd and he could meet with no relation but what Luynes had made himself wherein more affronting and haughty expressions were laid to Sir Ed. Herberts charge then had truly pass'd for though the first provocation came from Luynes yet the Ambassadour kept himself within the bounds both of his instructions and honor but as my Lord of Carlile was ready to send this mis-information to England the Gentleman formerly spoken of who stood behind the hangings came to the Earl of Carlile and said that he ow'd so much unto truth and honor that he could doe no lesse then vindicat Cavalier Herbert from all indiscretion and unworthines and thereupon related the true circumstances of the businesse The Earl of Carlile being thus rectified in the knowledge of the truth gave account to King Iames accordingly who cleer'd Sir Ed. Herbert and resolv'd to renvoy him Ambassador to France whereof he having notice kneel'd to the King before the Duke of Buckingham and humbly desired that since the busines was public in both Kingdoms he might in a public way demand reparation of M. Luynes for which purpose he beseech'd his Majesty that a Trumpeter if not a Herald might be sent on his part to M. de Luynes to tell him That he had made a false relation of the passages before mentioned and that Sir Ed. Herbert would demand reasons of him with sword in hand on that point the King answering that he would take it into consideration Luynes a little after died and Sir Edward was again sent Ambassador to France But to return to our former road besides those places formerly mentioned the Towns Suilly Merac and Caumont were also taken for the King but the latter two by the Duke of Mayn Governor of Guyen All Poitou being reduc'd to Royall obedience and setled the King resolv'd to go for Guyen to suppresse the Duke of Rohan and la Force who were in arms and had a considerable Army He left behind the Duke of Espernon with 4000. foot and 600. horse to beleager Rochell and stop the advenues in the interim So he advances to Guyen and divers places in the way open'd their gates unto him till he came to Clairac where he found a tough resistance He lost before the Town the great Lord of Thermes and sundry persons of quality besides
should be a generall peace now 'twixt the French people because of the businesse of the Valtolin where the Spaniard had a purpose to block out France in all places towards Italy which was very necessary to be prevented so that it was not fit to enfeeble France at this time by attempting to extinguish them of the Religion and to plunge the whole Countrey in an intestine war for it was as if one would cut off his left hand with the right This last counsell took more with the King and so he left no way unessayed to reunite all his subjects Hereupon to content the Reformists he caus'd their Temples to be reedified he appointed 60000. Franks for the payment of their Ministers and permitted them to call a Synod at Charenton with divers other acts of compliance provided that on their part they should entertain no strangers for preachers nor admit Ministers into politic Assemblies In these difficulties and anxious traverses of things the King made the Cardinal of Richelieu his principall Minister of State chiefe of his Counsell and Director generall under his authority in the government of the State He made this election by the advice of the Queen Mother principally nor was it an improper choice for the party had a concurrence of high abilities in him answerable to that transcendent trust and he prov'd as will appear by the sequele of things a succesfull Instrument though many doubt whether his Counsel was as succesfull to France as it was fatall to the rest of Christendom which he hath plung'd in an eternall war touching this we leave the Ingenious Reader a freedom of censure according as his judgement shall be guided by an unpartiall and unbiass'd relation of matters as they ly connected in the ensuing part of this story Thus our third Lustre concludes with the commencement of Richelieus greatnes The fourth Lustre of the Life of Lewis the thirteenth VVE began the last lustre with the espousals of the Lady Christina second daughter of France with the Prince of Piemont this begins with the mariage of the Lady Henriette Marie de Bourbon the yongest Royall branch of Henry the Great and this was the first great act that the Cardinal of Richelieu performed after he was come to the superintendency of affairs of State France had two causes of perpetuall apprehensions of fear one external th' other internal The still growing greatnesse of Spain without and They of the Religion within doors which were made frequent use of by any discontented Princes upon all occasions and were cryed up by the Jesuits to be as Matches to set France on fire at any time Therefore the first gran dessein that he projected with himself was to clip their wings and diminish their strength by dismantling their Cautionary Towns and making them dismisse their Garrisons The Cardinal knew the King his Master did not affect them since the Treaty at Lodun wherein they forc'd him to put another interpretation upon his Coronation Oth then his conscience did dictat unto him or the Prelat who administred it unto him meant which appear'd in a churlish answer that he gave them not long after when he was solicited to prolong the terme of holding their Cautionary Towns as Henry the Third and Henry the Great his father had done Which answer was That what grace the first did shew you was out of fear what my father did was out of love but I would have you know that I neither fear you nor love you To compasse that great work of taking from them their Garrison Towns it was thought very expedient to secure forren Princes from assisting them specially England and the united Provinces Touching the latter they were charm'd with money for in a fresh Treaty the King accorded them a million of Franks and six hundred thousand Franks every one of the two yeers next ensuing which they were to re-inburse the next two yeers that they should conclude a peace or truce with Spain The Holland-Ambassadors who were employed in this Treatie did promise the King that there should be libertie of conscience given the Catholiks at his Majesties request That the States should associat the French with them in the commerce of the Indies give them some choice ports for traffic and repaire some depraedations they had made by sea but the money being once got there was little care taken to perform these promises which were no more then parol engagements or rather complements whereupon an Ambassador was expressely sent to complain hereof but he effected little To secure England from succouring Them of the Religion the first overture that the Erl of Holland made for an alliance was yeelded unto to whom the Erl of Carlile was sent in joynt commission to conclude it The King told them that he took it for an honour that they sought his sister for the sole sonne of so illustrious a King his neighbour and Allie onely he desir'd that he might send to Rome to have the Popes consent for better satisfaction of his conscience and in the mean time the English Ambassadors might send for a more plenary power to England so in lesse then the revolution of nine moons this great businesse was propos'd poursued and perfected whereas the Sun ran his carreer through the Zodiac ten times before that Spain could come to any point of perfection This may serve to shew the difference twixt the two Nations the leaden heel'd pace of the one and the quicksilver'd motions of the other it shewes also how the French is more round and frank in his proceedings not so full of scruples reservations and jealousies as the Spaniard And one reason that the Statists of the time alledg'd why Spain amus'd the English and protracted the Treaty of the Match so long was that all the daughters of France might be first married to prevent an alliance 'twixt England and her There was a concurrence of many things that favor'd the effecting and expediting of this alliance some previous Offices and Letters of invitation from France wherein there were strains of extraordinary endearments wherewith the King of Great Britain corresponded also in an unusuall stile as appears by this Letter following Most high most excellent and most puissant Prince Our most deer and most beloved good Brother Cousen and ancient Ally Although the deceased King of happy memory was justly call'd Henry the Great for having re-conquer'd by arms his Kingdom of France though it appertain'd unto him as his proper inheritance Yet you have made now a greater conquest for the Kingdom of France though it was regain'd by the victorious arms of your dead father it was his de jure and so he got but his own But you have lately carried away a greater victory having by your two last Letters so full of cordiall courtesies overcome your good Brother and ancient Ally and all the Kingdoms appertaining unto him for We acknowledge Our self so conquer'd by your more then
which was suppress'd by Charles the Wise they boldly put themselfs in armes against the Nobility and Gentry to lessen their greatnes Add hereunto as an advantage to the work that this power being first transferr'd to Charles the Seventh there succeeded him a notable cunning King Lewis the Eleventh who knew well how to play his game for amongst all the rest he was said to be the first who put the French Kings horce de Page out of their minority or from being Pages any more though thereby he brought the Peasans to be worse then Laquais Out of some distast the King took at the last Convention of the three Estates which was upon his entrance to his Majority he resolv'd to summon them no more yet because he might be in good intelligence with his people a way was projected to call an Assembly of Notables which should be equivalent to the States Generall though fewer far in number and some out of every one of the Provinciall Sedentary Courts of Parlement were chosen to joyn with them such an Assembly as this was held in Roven as we mentioned before which did little good therefore the King was advis'd to convoque such another at Paris this yeer which was done accordingly They met in the great Hall of the Twilleries where the King spoak to them thus We protest before the living God that We have no other ayme or intention but his honour and the good and ease of Our subjects therefore in his Name We conjure and pray you whom we have here convoqued and by that lawfull power which is given Us over you We command and expresly enjoyn you that without any other respect or cōsideration whatsoever without regard of pleasing or displeasing any person you would afford Us with all freedom and sinceritie those counsels which you shall judge in your consciences to be most wholesome and convenient to the advancement of the publique good The Cardinal de Richelieu also made a long rhetoricall Oration which you shall find in the legend of his life hereunto annexed but there was no great advantage accrued to the public by this Assembly of Notables though it lasted from the second of December to the twenty fourth of February following This yeer a passage happend in the Court of England whence ensued ill-favord consequences and no lesse then a war afterward 'twixt the two Nations which was this The train of French servants which the Queen of Great Britain had brought with her at her first arrivall was suddenly dismiss'd to the number of one hundred and twenty In regard of no good offices they did twixt the King and Queen and for some petulant bold misdemeanurs of theirs by imposing also certain odd superstitious penances upon the Queen in prejudice of her health Besides his Majesty of Great Britain having settled a Royall joynture upon her of neer upon one hundred thousand crowns a yeer out of the choicest Demeans Royalties and Houses he had in England the Bishop of Mende sought to be Surintendent and steward of her lands and others of her French servants expected to have Offices in that kind which the King would not hearken unto in regard the said French were unfit for those extern employments having not the Language or knowledge of the Laws and Customs of the Countrey therefore he desir'd them to rest contented with the domestic Offices they had about the Person of the Queen they made a shew to be satisfied herewith though palpable discontentments appear'd in their countenances and carriage afterward more and more So they were suddenly discharg'd and summon'd to quit the Kingdom and there should be order taken for all conveniences for their journey by Land and Sea and the arrears of their wages and pensions were punctually paid them The Queen for the present took much to heart the renvoy of her servants and the King her brother resented it also when notice was sent him though it was nothing to be wondred at for he himself had discharg'd the Spanish servants his Queen had brought with her not long after she came in the same manner The King of England dispatch'd a Messenger of honor to the Court of France to give a true information of matters which affoorded but little satisfaction Thereupon Marshall Bassompierre was sent Ambassador extraordinary to England expresly about this busines but matters were thrust so far off the hinges that they could not be set right again so soon The French began the first act of hostilitie and that before any public Declaration was publish'd by seizing a great number of English and Scottish ships at Blay as they were returning from the vintage with cargazons of wines from Bourdeaux but the Scots were releas'd the English still stayed A little after an Edict issued out in the Kings name to interdict all commerce and traffic with England that no kind of grain wines or pulse should be transported thither nor from thence to France any cloth serges woolls lead tinn stuffs silk stockings with an enumeration of divers other commodities by this one may observe the advantage that England hath of France in varietie and substance of Marchandizes The French Chroniclers obtrude to the world divers wrong informations of this travers twixt England and France 1. They relate that the French were casheer'd of the Queens service with little or nothing at all of their wages which is false for they were payed to a peny and many of them parted with gifts and much wealth 2. They report that the Queen out of her necessities had borrow'd much money of them which was also a calumny for there was never Princesse liv'd in greater plentie 3. They make the world beleeve that the first depraedations at Sea and acts of Piracy were committed by the English which is another falshood for besides the seisure of the Marchants at Blay where they came to reimbarque their Ordnance divers other praedatory acts were done by the French 4. They publish also another imposture that while the Earls of Carlile and Holland were in the heat of the Treaty of a Match with England the same time they did machinat the ruine of France the first time that England was ever taxed of double dealing 5. That his Majesty of Great Britain had no hand in the Pacifications which were made twixt the King and them of the Religion whereas his Ambassadors and Agents did alwayes follow the Kings Army to their excessive expences and did perpetually negotiat in their behalf and became caution to them for performances on the Kings side Thus a black cloud hung between England and France which broak out into a shrew'd though short tempest of war The King of Great Britain riggs up his galeons and in a very short time puts to Sea a huge royall fleet in perfect equippage of 150. Sayles with an Army of 10000. combatants which by the advise and directions of Monsieur Subize and Blancart who had fled to England some moneths before were
of the late wars The French Chroniclers relate that his chiefest arrand was to propound a Match between the Prince of Wales now King of England and the Lady Christina second daughter to Henry the Great but they are much mistaken for the said Ambassador might happily have instructions to look upon and view the said Lady but for any overture of mariage much lesse any proposition there was none the intents of England ayming then more southward and there was matter enough for an Ambassador extraordinary besides at that time The King the two Queens and the whole Court being now settled at Paris the discontented Princes repair'd also thither but Conde being newly recovered of a dangerous sicknes which some took as a judgement upon him lagg'd behind and excus'd his coming till all the Articles of the late Treaty were perform'd whereunto the King may be said to be no lesse then compell'd being among other ties forc'd to revoke part of the solemn Oth he took at his Coronation that therby they of the Religion might rest contented At last Conde came and was entred into a perfect redintegration of grace and favor at Court with the rest of his Confederats So after such turbid times there was an intervall of faire weather but the Ayer was suddenly ore ' cast again with clowds and the chief Meteor whence they sprung was the power and privacy of the Marshall of Ancre at Court The Queen Mother had advice of certain clandestine meetings and secret consultations held to alter the Government and to demolish Ancre hereupon Themines who receiv'd the Truncheon to be Marshall the same day apprehended the Prince of Conde in the Louure and carried him thence to prison the report hereof startled divers others and old Bovillon being then at a Sermon in Charenton durst not come back to look upon the Bastile so he with the Dukes of Mayn Nevers Guyse and divers other retir'd and arm'd under pretence of reforming of abuses in the State and for the public good Poore France how often hath privat interest of some aspiring spirits bin term'd in thee by the specious name of Public good How often have thy discontented Grandees ground the faces of thy innocent peasants How often hast thou turn'd the sword into thine own bowels and swomm in the blood of thine own children How often have thy Towns bin turn'd to Hospitals thy fields to desarts under the gilded pretext of Reformation The arrest of Conde alarm'd all France and a politic rumour was spread in Paris that the Marshall of Ancre had murther'd him in the Louure though he was then at Amiens 100. miles off This made the Beast with many heads run furiously to his House in the suburbs of Saint German which they sack'd and plunder'd most pitifully they unplank'd his roomes grub'd up his trees and committed divers barbarismes besides The King caus'd a Declaration to be publish'd full of vigorous expressions tending to this purpose Lewis by the grace of God King of France and Navarr to all who shall see these present Letters greeting It is with incredible regret which pierceth Our very heart that We must so often employ Our Authority to represse the mischievous desseins of them who seek the raising of their fortunes in the ruines of Our Estates and in the prodigious cruelty of civill wars take an unbridled libertie to doe what law and reason forbids And We are the more sensible hereof because the remedies We must use for the safety of our Person and the welfare of this Kingdom must diffame our own blood and render it culpable of impiety both against Us who are in place of a Father to our subjects as also against their own Countrey which is reverenc'd as a Mother by all people though never so barbarous So he goes on to relate the Treaty at Lodun and the last Pacification which had cost him twenty millions of Liures and what grace he had done to Conde and his Complices Yet the exces of Our grace and favor hath not bin able to represse the disordinat wills of them who find no rest but in trouble and ground their hopes upon Our destruction for before and after the return of Our Cousin the Prince of Conde to Paris there have bin Nocturnall Assemblies held in Saint Martin and other places with consultations to debauch and abuse the people and undermine those who have Martiall Offices under us and to excite them to commotion Curats and Preachers have bin tampered withall to vent scandalous Doctrin and meanes were consulted on to seize upon Our Royall Person and our most honored Mother and to Cantonize France under the specious vayle of reforming the State All which hath bin told us by some of the best of Our subjects who were present at some of their consultations and close meetings And We were also advis'd by forren Ambassadors to have a care of our self c. This was the substance of the Kings Declaration but all would not do to contain the Princes within the bounds of obedience many of them had retir'd to Picardy and seiz'd upon divers places which they fortified apace A little after the Prince of Conde was clap'd up the Duke of Vendosm was seiz'd on but he scap'd by a wile The Chancelor and Secretaries of State with other Officers were chang'd And in this hurly burly the young Bishop of Lucon afterwards Cardinal of Richelieu having bin design'd for Ambassador to Spain was made principall Secretary of State The Marshal of Ancre notwithstanding that he had understood how he was hated in Paris and that his House was so plunder'd in a popular furie yet was he nothing daunted but comes boldly to Court and presently three Armies were rais'd and appointed to represse the Mutiners One under the Duke of Guyse who was charm'd to come in by the Queen Mother The second under Marshall Montigny and the third under the Count of Auvergne who was freed from his 11. yeers close imprisonment in the Bastile for that purpose and had already besieg'd the Duke of Mayne at Soissons and much straitned him While this huge storme was dropping pitifully upon poor France there were secret consultations held by some in the Louure how to hurle Him into the Sea who was the cause of the tempest which was cryed up to be the foresaid Ancre He knew too well how he was malign'd in Court and Countrey and the young Kings affection towards him began now to brandle and all this was by the suggestions of Luynes who was one of the greatest Confidentst the King had having bin his servant from his childhood and was vers'd in his genius more then any Ancre had practis'd to remove him from the Kings Person with some others whom he suspected to do him ill offices Besides this fewd 'twixt the King and Princes there was another petty war then a foot betwixt the Duke of Espernon and the Rochellers the ground whereof was that they would not
Soubize he march'd away at last There was a great debate in the Cittadell whether the English should be poursued in the Retreat or whether a bridge of silver should be made them to passe quietly away The first opinion prevayl'd so they had not march'd a Musket shot from the Town but two hundred horse two thousand foot were at their heeles The English made a stand to see whether the French would fight but they would not so they continued their march till they came to la Nova a little village where they made another stand thinking the French would charge which they forboare still Thence they march'd to Lewisbridg where they were to imbark but before two Regiments were pass'd over the Bridg which was very narrow the French fell upon the English horse in the reare and routed them so that the foot could not charge then they began to fly and the enemy had the execution of five Regiments which he put most to the sword except twenty Officers and one hundred common soldiers divers also were drown'd in the salt-pits and dikes so there perish'd in all neer upon two thousand besides the sick which were left before the Cittadell all whose throats were cut and sent in a Bark thrust from the shore to the English Ships My Lord Monjoy now Earl of Newport was there taken prisoner old Colonel Gray was fallen into a salt-pit and being upon point of being drown'd he cryed out cent mill escus pour marancon a hundred thousand crowns for my ransom so the noise of the mony sav'd his life There were divers prisoners besides taken but they were sent as a present to the Queen of England to whom the King writ this following Letter by le Chevalier de la Ramé call'd du Meau Madame my sister It having pleas'd God to blesse my arms in such sort that my Lord Monjoy Colonel Gray divers Captains Officers and Gentlemen remaind my prisoners in the journey which pass'd at Ré the eighth of this moneth I was willing to testifie unto all Christendom the speciall esteem which I make of your Person by sending unto you the said prisoners which I have let go upon their words for your sake Nothing having invited me thereunto but the friendship which I bear you and the knowledge I also have that I cannot do an act more acceptable to the Queen my Mother then to do for your sake what I would not do for any other Du Meau will assure you of my health I pray you have a care of your own which is most deer unto me and I assure you that the world hath not a brother which makes more account of a sister then I do of you so I rest my Lady and Sister your most affectionat Brother Lewis From the Campe before Rochell the last of November 1627. There were also forty foure Colours taken which the King sent to the two Queens at Paris and they hang to this day in the great Church there This was the dismall'st day that the English ever had in France who in times pass'd perform'd such stupendous exploits in that Countrey yet the Invasion was made with much gallantry for they might be said to have swom through water and blood to take footing on the Island which discover'd much of the ancient courage of the Nation Besides they did before the Cittadel as much as men could do upon their marching away they made two stands to draw Schomberg to fight notwithstanding that they had not in number a quarter of the horse that he had newly transported from the Continent They took likewise divers prisoners of note who were released also without ransome by his Majesty of Great Britain Divers omissions there were that prov'd fatall to this expedition 1. The not speedy marching of the English Army in poursuance of their first victory to the Cittadell where Toiras had time in the interim to fortifie 2. The not taking of the little Fort la Prée in the way which might have serv'd for a retreat 3. That the Duke did not follow the advice of Burrowes to go to Oleron a greater Island and afterwards of the knowingst Colonels so often press'd upon him to march away before Schomberg came over for so he might have made an honorable retreat then which there is nothing more difficult in the fait of armes not is it any disgrace to go away in the night for preventing of being beaten in the day Monsieur Soubizes counsell was the cause of these omissions who was the main contriver of this infortunate voyage with Blancart who fell at first landing And it seems a hard destiny hanted the said Soubize though a worthy man of himself in all attempts from the beginning He was taken prisoner at Saint Iohn d'Angely he was forc'd to flye at Royan and twice with this time at Ré He had but ill succes at Medoc and divers ill-favor'd encounters at Sea though he lost lesse honor there then a shore Some outlandish Chroniclers would have it that there were three Furies which impell'd the English to this Expedition 1. The ambition of Buckingham 2. The felony of Soubize 3. The rebellion of the Rochellers but these men write more out of passion then knowledge for as I instanc'd in the beginning of this relation there were divers causes to move England to armes as matters stood then The King having had such rare successe against the English he resolves upon the planting of a serious siege before Rochell thereupon order was given for an exact circumvallation by Land and Pompco Targon an Italian Engineer was employed for Sea works the said Targon being assisted with the Cardinals headpeece fell on a plot to raise a huge dike in the channell which the Rochellers geer'd at first but they found it the bane of their Town at last The Rochellers had recourse to the King of Great Britain for protection who resenting their sad condition employed two Royall Fleets for their succour which made but sory returns The Duke of Buckingham was to be General of the last but he was tragically slain the day before he was to embark Thereupon the Earl of Linzey went in his place but before he appear'd before the Town Targon had finish'd the gran Dike whereof the Cardinal was dayly overseer the King being then in Paris there were certain kind of palissadoes and other strange fabriques rais'd in the channel to the wonderment of the world for Marquis Spinola at his revokment from Flanders to Spain and passing by the Kings Army said he had never seen the like being as trenches and barricadoes erected in the Sea and they were done with that advantage that no navall power could do any good upon them In so much that the English Fleet being arriv'd the Cardinal sent to the General that he should have safe pasport to come a shore with six of his knowingst Commanders with permission to view the works and if they thought in their judgements
and only aime was to procure an universall and well grounded peace throughout Christendom Before this Declaration was divulg'd a Herald of Arms was sent to Brussells where he publicly pronounc'd war against the King of Spain in the Market place and so in every Town at his return to France and he pass'd to and fro without any outrage at all The King had five Royall Armies in motion this Sommer the first in Lorain under the Duke of Angoulesme de la Force the second under the Cardinal de la Valette in Germany wherewith Bernard Weymer joyn'd The third was under the Duke of Crequy in Italy wherewith the Savoyard and Parmasan joyn'd The fourth was under the Duke of Rohan wherewith the Venetians and Grisons joyn'd to conserve the Valtolin The fifth was under the Marshall Chastillon in Picardy The first did some exploits against the Duke of Lorain where Ihon deWert Coloredo and the Baron of Clinchant took Saint Mihel and other places The second under de la Valette who had Coronell Hebron and divers Scots of his Army and having taken Binghen and other places he had a shrewd conflict with Galas neer Boulac where a great many of French Nobles and Gentlemen were slain so that this Army made not so good returns as the first The third under Rohan thrive well he fortified many places in the Valtolin and had a shrewd fight neer Bormio defeated Sarbellon and 3000. were slain upon the place The fourth under Crequy performed much in Italy divers places were taken in the Countrey of Alexandrin but laying a siege before Valentia he was forc'd to raise it The fifth under Chastillon had the best fortune of any for being to joyn with the Prince of Orenge at Maestricht he met in the way with Prince Tomaso at Avein neer Namur where after a tough serious fight above 3000. of the enemies fell 1500. men taken prisoners 95. Colours and 16. peeces of Ordnance After this exploit the French Army marchd towards Maestricht through the Countrey of Liege where Chastillon met with the Prince of Orenge and Bovillon there were high acclamations of joy at the conjunction of both Armies who came to the number specified in the Treaty all effectif men Add hereunto that there was a third Army of the Duke of Bovillons In so much that there was never since the beginning of the Belgique war a greater and more numerous body of Military strength at one time an Army able to gain an Empire for it was compos'd of neer upon 70000. combatants whereof there were above 10000. horse but their achievements and succes was not answerable to their power for they took but two mean Towns Tillemont and Diest and the Castle of Dormaet the first was pittifully pillag'd nor could the French soldiers be kept within any limits of awe but they did violat and plunder both Churches and Convents and committed many other strange outrages The Armies then march'd as far as Brussells and took prisoners out of the very suburbs but it was held neither safe to sit down before the place nor a thing feasible to take it the Cardinal Infante being intrench'd not far off in a very advantagious post therefore the Armies came before Lovain where they presently began their batteries the Marquis of Varennes with divers French fell there and divers more They of the Town made a furious sally upon the English quarters wherein Sir Charles Morgan was hurt and eighty more slain but in a short space they were repell'd to the Town with a considerable losse They made two brave sallies more upon Chastillons quarters a little after but the tenth day the siege was rais'd and the Town quite cleer'd of so vast an Army the reasons of the raising of this siege were first a great necessity of provision the second the strength of the enemy for Piccolomini was come to Namur with a fresh Army lastly the ignorance they had of the quality of the place in point of strength and her neernes to the greatest Towns in Brabant as Antwerp Brussells Malines with other These huge Armies being retreated from before Lovain the nimble Crabats did notably plague their reeres and carried away good booties Diest was also repris'd and the French Army being before Venlo news came that the famous Sconce of Schenk was taken by the Spanish Garrison of Gueldres as also that the Duke of Saxe the potentest Prince of Germany and the Dictator of the Protestants had made his peace with the Emperour besides that Iean de Wert had invaded and extremely ravag'd Lorain up and down which made Chastillon trusse up his baggage and leave Venlo and think upon homewards Thus this formidable French Army melted away to a small number nor could they who were left know which way to return to France so most of them were sent by Sea from Flushing and other places neverthelesse had their retreat bin answerable to their first entrance into the Netherlands when Chastillon gain'd such a notable victory of Prince Tomaso they had made a gallant Expedition of it but it was observ'd that after their sacriledges at Tillemont the Wind blew alwaies in their faces and nothing prosper'd with them Besides sundry good successes by Land the Spaniard this yeer had some prosperous gales at Sea for the Duke Fernandin and the Marquis de sancte Cruz took from the French with 22. Gallies and 5. Galeons two Islands in the Mediterranean call'd Sancta Margarita and Saint Honorat which much prejudic'd the Trade of Provence and all maritime commerce to Italy Young Oxenstern the Chancelor of Swedens son came in a gay equippage Ambassador to France this yeer he was treated with no common esteem and at his departure the King took off his finger a rich Ring which he wore that day of purpose to give him The said Oxenstern passing over to England upon the like employment though his reception was altogether as good and his present as valuable yet he refus'd the latter The maritim might and navall power of France never appear'd more then this yeer for the King being very sensible of the losse of his Islands neer Provence assembleth all the great ships which could be found in the Ports of Normandy Britainy Poitou and Guyen to the number of 59. vessels wherein there were embark'd neer upon 6000. men and they carie 400. peeces of Ordnance the first rendevous was at Rochell the Count of Harcour was appointed Generall and Sourdis the Archbishop of Bourdeaux Admirall they lanc'd out into the main and coasting Spain without any rencounter they entred the Mediterranean the Fleet of Province was then also in a readines which consisted of 12. Gallies of which squadron the Bishop of Nants was Director in chief who with him of Bourdeaux left his spirituall See to try his fortunes on the salt Sea he was embark'd in the gran Galeon of the Duke of Guyses of 1200. Tonns there was another squadron also of the gallies of France
Garrison was put into the Town and Duke Bernard plac'd the Governor This was one of the straightest sieges that happen'd since the German war for people were reduc'd to that extremity that they began to feed upon nefandous meats Duke Bernard Weymar made it his best retreat and chiefest Randevow afterwards but he enjoyed it not long for a few moneths after he fell sick of the Purples some say the Plague and so left the society of mortals so that now the French have the chief sway a mighty advantage for the situation of this Town is such that France may say she hath now a key to enter Germany that way at pleasure as she hath Pignerol for Italy Duke Weymar being dead the Imperialists made this Epitaph upon him Here lies He who preferr'd French before Germans War before Peace a King before an Emperour and Strangers before his own Countreymen This yeer France had also divers irons in the fire which she did so beat that the sparkles flew a great way abroad and did much mischief Hesdin was closely besieg'd so that when the Infante Cardinal came to relieve her she was pass'd cure The King himself advanc'd as far as Abbeville in Person and thence to his Army before Hesdin which struck a greater terror into the Town and made her come sooner to a Composition which she obtaind upon Honorable termes the King himself entred and having secur'd all things he return'd to Paris in triumph Yet he had some water thrown into his wine before Theonville in Luxemburg from before which his Army was beaten by Piccolomini and Bec with a great slaughter The glasse of the Ligue with the Swed being now almost run out it was thought fit to turn it and make it last foure yeers longer 'twixt France and Him with other German Confederats which was negotiated at Colmar where the French Ambassador thrust in a new Epithet into the Treaty to aggrandize his Master viz. Praepotens Whereupon Bernard Weymer being dead the Duke of Longueville was made Generall of all the French forces in Germany There was a lowd tumult happend in Low Normandy this yeer amongst the Populasse for new impositions that were daily thrust upon them the Insurrection crept up to High Normandy and to Roven her self nor did the Parlement which is there alwayes sedentary much labour to suppresse it but divers Gentlemen and persons of the best ranke did seem to countenance it In so much that Colonel Gassion was forc'd to come from Picardy with a considerable Army of horse and foot for the suppression thereof so he enterd the Province where his soldiers did much mischief upon the people and coming to Roven the gates flew open to him without resistance so the King sent thither his Chancellor who caus'd all the Citizens to be disarm'd the chiefest instruments of the Mutiny to be imprison'd their Proces form'd wherby many of them were executed amongst others the ringleader of the populas who was a man of mean condition who alledg'd himself to be mad but that subterfuge would not serve his turn besides he annull'd the Parlement and amerc'd the Town in one hundred thousand Franks which was paid accordingly and the Gentry that had a hand in this popular Insurrection pay'd fifty thousand Franks more but a little after the Court of Parlement was re-establish'd upon the extraordinary humble submissions of the Town the like punishment was inflicted upon Caen so this dangerous follevation was quash'd by a high hand of Royall power which this City had felt some 3. yeers before for the King having thought to borrow 400000. crowns of her she excus'd her self thereupon the King sent a band of soldiers which for eight dayes together kept there upon the Towns charge and so the money was made up And so I put a period to the sixth Lustre The seventh and last Lustre of the Life of Lewis the thirteenth VVE must make an Apologie for this Lustre for it hath not the full quinquennial number and so cannot extend to the true length of a Lustre which is five yeers nay it hath scarce fifty Moones which some held though erroneously to be enough whereof to compose a Lustre the reason is that that great Monark whose raign we thus divide was cut off from amongst mortals which will enforce us accordingly to cut off the thread of our story In Brisac and other parts of Alsatia there were some incongruities and clowds of diffidence hung between the Germans and the French The young Prince Palatine was going thither through France disguis'd hoping to have better fortune that way then he had in Westphalia not long before where Prince Robert his brother was taken prisoner and carried to Vienna with the Lord Craven He was furnish'd from England with credit for considerable sums of money at Basile but being advanc'd a good way beyond Paris in his journey he was discover'd restrain'd a while at Moulins and then sent for to Paris whence he was committed to Bois de Viniennes The French fear'd that he might puzzle their proceedings in Brisac and that being a German Prince and supported by his Majesty of Great Britain the Town would choose him for Governor upon these apprehensions he was a while kept prisoner but afterwards by the intercession of the Queen of England chiefly as his brother was releas'd by good offices the Empresse did who to this day doth much respect the English Nation he was freed and receiv'd very Princely entertainment afterwards At his departure the King gave him a very obliging farewell by telling him That whereas it pleased God and Nature to place him to be Umpire of this part of the World he would not suffer him to be oppressed by any but he would endevour to reinvest him at last in his own Territories assuring him that no peace should be concluded 'twixt him and the House of Austria unlesse he were included Fortune had frown'd now a good while upon Spain but this yeer she bended her brows and wrinkled her forhead more ruggedly then ever A fearfull combustion happen'd 'twixt the Pyreney Hills in the Kingdom of Catalonia of old but a County this combustion was a kind of a bonefire to France who presently ran to warme her hands and sport about it and she hath ministred fuel to keep it in ever since It grew so furious that the Viceroy with his wife and some of his family were murtherd and his house burnt to the ground by the violence of a popular fury The ground of this fearfull Insurrection was the billeting of the Castillian soldiers and their insolencies as they march'd through the Countrey besides some extraordinary contributions which were demanded of that Province for the support of the King now in his extreme necessities having so many profess'd mighty enemies both by sea and land this Tumult by degrees turn'd to an absolut revolt and defection from their Soverain naturall King In so much that they flew to France and cri'd
for them yet they deserve to have Laurels upon their heads and Palmes of victory in their hands to all posterity Crescet occulto velut Arbor aevo Nomen Armandi Ludovicus ingens Stella fulgebit velut inter Ignes Luna minores FINIS An Alphabeticall Table of such matters that are the principall Ingredients of this Story A ANne of Austria affianc'd to Lewis the Thirteenth of France 13 Her dowry 13 Her joynture 14 Her Letter to the King of France 31 Made Regent of France 135 Anagrams on Henry the Great 5 Analogy 'twixt the Dauphin of France and the Duke of Cornwall 2 Advantage of a little well compacted body over a great 151 M. of Ancre's entrance into favour 16 He is slain by Vitry 37 Sentenc'd after death 38 His body untomb'd dragg'd up and down hang'd hack'd to peeces and burnt 38 A censure of him 38 Antipathy 'twixt the Spaniard and French 32 Five French Ambassadors in Italy in one yeer 34 Assembly of the three Estates meet at the Kings majority 23 Assembly of Notables first convok'd 40 All the Alliances that have pass'd 'twixt England and France 67 The D. of Angoulesme before Rochell and his stratagem to deceive the English 8 Marq Ambrosio Spinola's exploits in Italy a clash 'twixt him and Olivares 92 Governor of Milan and besiegeth Casal 93 His Epitaph 95 Archduchesse Isabella dieth at Brussels 106 Articles upon the mariage 'twixt England and France 64 Articles 'twixt the Swed and the French 99 Articles t'wixt the French and the Hollander upon the breach with Spain 109 Clandestine articles twixt the Duke of Rohan and the Spaniard 87 Articles 'twixt the French King and Charles Duke of Lorain 101 Articles 'twixt the King of France and Monsieur his brother 104 Articles 'twixt the French and Catalans 128 The Authours caution to the Reader 6 Armes how ill they become Church-men in the Proem B Bassompierre Ambassador in England 76 Battaile of Norlinghen 108 Bernard Weymar takes Rhinfeild 118 Brisac 125 His Epitaph 126 Becanus book De potestate Regis et Papae condemn'd at Rome 16 Birth and baptisme of Lewis the Thirteenth 1 Birth of the now Duke of Anjou 133 Blasphemous praises of the Cardinal of Richelieu in the Proem Duke of Bovillon invites the Pr of Condé to arme by a notable speech 17 M. de Bois Dauphin General for the King 29 Breda repris'd by the Hollander 116 Breme taken by the Spaniard 119 Duke of Buckingham sent to France to demand and conduct her now Majesty to England 67 The Duke of Buckinghams Manifesto after he had invaded France 77 The causes of the breach 80 The manner of his landing 82 His Letter to Toiras and the answer he receivd 83 His infortunat retreat prisoners taken and releas'd for her Majesties sake 84 The Duke of Buckinghams omissions in the Isle of Ré the causer of them 84 C Cardinals made Generalls 183 Catalonia falls from the Spaniard and the causes why 128 Pr Casimir taken prisoner in France 128 Character of Henry the Great 5 The Chamber of Accounts refuse to verifie the Kings Letter 29 Cadenet Ambassadour in England 56 The Chymericall Ambassadors 169 Christina the second daughter of Henry the Great maried to the Prince of Piemont her portion 42 The D. of Cheureux marieth the Lady Henrietta Maria to the King of England 66 Clergy men most dangerous if misapplied 128 A Clash 'twixt the Duke and the Parlement of Paris 27 A Clash 'twixt the Counsel of State and the Parlement with the Parlements submission 28 Condé and his Adhaerents proclaym'd Traytors 29 His clandestine consults in Paris apprehended in the Louure 35 Prince of Condé distasts the match with Spain 14 Puts himself in Arms to hinder the Queens entrance 28 A great Contention 'twixt the Church men in Paris 11 Contentions in the Generall Assembly of the three Estates 23 The Close and funerall of it 26 Cotton the Iesuit vindicats his Society 9 Count of Auvergne eleven yeers prisoner in the Bastile 37 Count of Chalais beheaded 74 D. of Crequies splendid Ambassage to Rome 106 Kil'd before Breme 119 His Epitaph 120 D Dauphin whence deriv'd 2 The Dauphin now king born 124 Decree of the Colledge of Sorbon against Francis Cupif 117 A Declaration sent to Rochell wherein the English are branded 79 Difference 'twixt the Germans and French at Brisac 127 Difference 'twixt Conde and Soissons about the Napkin 46 Difference 'twixt forren Princes and the Kings base sons 91 Disadvantagious to live 'twixt two potent neighbours exemplified in the Dukes of Savoy and Lorain 93. 101 Dismission of the French from the Queen of Englands service 75 The reasons why 76 Divers odd desseins fear'd in France 73 Distinction 'twixt liberty and priviledge 24 Dionysius his flatterers in the Proem A Discourse upon judiciary Astrology 15 Prince Doria taken prisoner by the French 94 Duke of Mains stately Ambassy to Spain about an alliance 13 Duke of Pastrana in France 14 E How Edward the Confessor us'd an Astrologer 15 Ecclesiasticus a scandalous book writ by Schioppius 16 Divers Errours of the French Chroniclers reflecting upon England 76 Duke of Espernon questions the Rochellers 38 He clasheth with the Court of Parlement 26 A pleasant passage 'twixt him and the Archbishop of Bourdeaux 123 He traceth the Queen Mothers escape out of Blois 43 He is outed of his Government and dieth a little after 123 Emanuel Duke of Savoy his exploits in Italy 71 He highly complains of the King of France whence arise some traverses 'twixt him and Monsieur Bullion the French Ambassador 72 His death prophecied 94 Epitaph upon Marshall Crequy 120 Epitaph upon Marq. Spinola 95 Epitaph upon Saxen Weymar 126 Epitaphs upon Cardinal de Richelieu 178 An Ethiopian Prince Zaga Christos arriv'd in Paris 120 Edicts against duels blasphemy 22 F Master Fairfax put to the torture before Montauban 58 The Falshood of some French Annalists in divers things and their stupidity in relating names 76 The Duke of Fereaincens'd against the Duke of Savoy 97 A fearfull unknown Fire in the Palace of Paris 42 Another when the two bridges were burnt 57 Ferrier a reformed Minister turnd Roman Catholic 14 Five French armies in motion in one sommer 111 Florimond de Puy a Reformed Gentleman beheaded for treason 11 Fontarabia besieg'd by the French 122 Don Fernando the King of Spains youngest brother dieth at Brussells 131 A strange libell touching him and his brother Don Carlos 132. The French soon weary of peace 3 French beaten before Theonville 126 G Master George Digby cutts Scioppius on the face for defaming King James 16 Don Gonsalez de Cordova refuseth the King of France his present 103 Gasper Galilei Galileo racants his opinion in Rome for holding the Sun to rest and the earth to move 107 His punishment ibid. Galigay the Marchiones of Ancre's death and Roman stoutnesse 20 Grievances discover'd and not redres'd do the body politic harm 27 D. of Guyse marieth the
daughter of France for the King of Spain 31 H Lord Hayes after Earl of Carlile Ambassador in Paris 34 The Duke of Halluin beats Serbellon and the Spaniards before Leucato 115 The Pr of Harcour relieves Casal appears before Turin takes it 129 The Hard fortune of Kings daughters 32 Henry the Great slain 3 His treasure his army his burial 4 Henry the third buried 22. yeers after his death 8 M. Hicks now Sir Ellis Hicks the good service he did at Montauban 58 Hesdin taken by the French 126 Twenty Holland men of War come according to article to serve the French King 68 The Lady Henrietta Maria married to the King of Great Britain 66 Humbert Duke of Viennois upon what termes he bequeath'd Dauphiné to Philip of Valois I King Jame's Letter to the French King 63 His passionate speech to his Counsell his complement to her Majesty now Queen 66 The Jacobins hold that in no case the Counsel is above the Pope the question solemnly debated in Paris 12 Inventions to torment Ravaillac 7 The Iesuits have the heart of Henry the Great 8 Jesuits not permitted to open their Colledge in Paris 11 The Imperialists and Spaniards overrun Picardy and Burgundy 113 Insurrection in Diion suppress'd 93 Insurrection in Normandy 126 John Duke of Bragansa made King of Portugal 130 His Letter to the K. of Spain 131 Saint John de Luz taken by the Spaniard 114 The Isles of Saint Margarita and Saint Honorat taken by the Spaniard 112 Repris'd by the French 115 Italian predictions of Henry the Greats death 4 K Kings presence oft-times advantagious 20 Kings of France majors when as high as a sword 21 New Knights of the Holy Spirit 46 L Landrecy taken by the Duke de la Valette 115 Letter of the King of Spain to the Duke of Bragansa 130 Letter of King James to the French King 63 Letter from Richelieu to the Q. Mother 160 Letters interchangeable 'twixt Buckingham and Toiras 83 Letter from Condé to the Queen Mother 18 Letter from the Queen Mother to Condé 19 Letter from the Queen at her first arrivall in France to the King 31 Letters from the King to Monsieur 104 Letters from the King to the Duke of Halluin 116 Letters from the King to Condé 47 Letters to Toiras against the English 82 The Duke of Lerma marrieth the Infanta for the King of France 31 Lewis the Thirteenth his inclination and sports when young 3 His minority 5 His solemn coronation 10 His majority declar'd by Parlement 21 His gracious declaration to the Princes 35 His speech to his Mother after d' Ancres death 39 He beds with the Queen 43 A clash 'twixt him and the Parlement at Paris 47 His exploits in Bearn 50 His Protest to the Assembly of Notables 75 His answer to the Rochelers when they yeelded 86 He crosseth the Alps in Winter 87 Hath a shrewd fit of sicknes 96 His harsh answer to them of the Religion 62 His harsh Declaration against his Mother 99 His Declaration against Spain 100 His speech to the Palsgrave 127 His speech to the D. of Lorain 132 reduc'd to a great straight 32 He protects the Catalan 134 His death with the circumstances thereof 135 Examples of his piety 139 Divers speeches of his 139 His chastity and constancy 140 His exploits run over 142 Did greater things then Henry the Great 143 Divers things objected against him 141 Duke of Longuevill in arms 18 L'esdiguiers made Constable 59 Luynes put first to the King 3 Incenses the K. against d'Ancre 38 Hath Ancres estate given him and made Constable 52 A clash twixt him and Sir Ed. Herbert then Lo Ambassadour now Baron of Cherbery 55 A Dialogue between them 55 How worthily the English Ambassador compos'd himself 56 Luynes dieth of the Plague in the Army 58 His Legend 59 Duke of Lorain meets the King at Metz. 101 Duke of Lorain waves the performance of homage for the Duchy of Bar. 106 His complement to the King 106 He comes to Paris 132 Monsieur de Lien Cour Governor of Paris 29 M Marie de Medici declar'd Queen Regent by Parlement 5 Her speech upon the resignation of the Government 22 Her discours with Marossan about her escape 45 The first war with her son 44 The second war with her son 48 The beginning of her aversenes to the Cardinal 96 The causes of it 98 Her complaint against him 99 She returns to Flanders in discontent 99 Thence to Holland and so to England then to Colen where she died 133 Her high qualities 134 Mariana's opinion touching Kings protested against in Paris 9 Q. Margaret de Valois dieth her Character 26 Moderation the true rule of wisdom 13 Mazarini makes a peace in Italy 96 Monsieur maried to the Duke of Monpensiers daughter 72 His complement to her 73 He falls in love with the Duke of Montava's daughter and being cross'd flies to Lorain 92 Flies again to Lorain 103 He entreth France with an Army of strangers 103 His high propositions to his brother 104 Flies the third time to Lorain 105 Marieth the Lady Margaret the Duke of Lorains sister goes then to Flanders whence at the Infante Cardinals approach he steales away to France 106 Duke of Monmorency joyn's with Monsieur is defeated by Schomberg 104 Is beheaded at Tholouze 105 Morocco Ambassador in Paris his credential Letter 102 Montauban the last Town of them of the Religion which submitted 91 Monpellier capitulats by the Duke of Rohans advice 60 Morgard the Astrologer made Gallislave 14 N Nancy given up to the French 106 The Nature of the Spaniard in adversity 131 The Nonage of Lewis the Thirteenth 5 The Nonage of Lewis the Fourteenth now King 135 O The Oath the Queen of Englands French servants were to take 65 Open hostility 'twixt France and Spain pronounc'd by Herauld 111 Saint Omer besieged by the French who were forc'd to retire 123 Octavio Lassani an Astrologer his prediction of the Duke of Savoy's death 94 Obelisks and triumphant Arches in Rome in joy of the Dauphins Nativity 125 Oxenstern Ambassador in France 112 The Outrages the French committed at Tillemont 112 P Paris in great fear 114 Parlement of England superiour to the Assembly of the three Estates of France in numbers and state 23 Perrons prudent cariage in the great Assembly 24 Pensions of the Crown of France 27 Pasquills upon the Gates of the Louur 40 Pasquill upon the Cardinals gates 168 Pasquill in Rome of the King and the Cardinal 168 The old Parlement of France turn'd now to an Assembly of Notables 74 Peace renew'd by the intervention of the Venetian and proclaim'd at Privas 'twixt England and France 88 Pignerol taken by the Cardinal 94 Pignerol sold to the French King 97 The Parlement of Paris suspends the verification of the Kings Declaration against Monsieur and is sharply rebuk'd 98 The Palsgrave prisoner in France releas'd and the Kings speech unto him 127 Philipsburg taken by the Spaniard 108
LUSTRA LUDOVICI OR THE Life of the late Victorious King of FRANCE LEWIS the XIII And of his CARDINALL de Richelieu DIVIDED INTO SEVEN LUSTRES Consilium Armorum Cardo By IAMES HOWELL Esq. LONDON Printed for Humphrey Moseley and are to be sold at his shop at the Prince's Arms in S. Pauls Church-yard 1646. TO THE GROVVING GLORY OF GREAT BRITAIN The hopes of our Crown and the crown of our Hopes Prince Charles At his Court in Caesaria by vulgar contraction called IERSEY SIR I Present your Highnes with the Life of your Royal Oncle of France A successfull and triumphant King both at home and abroad throughout the whole course of his Raign and that in so constant a degree as if Fortune herself had bin his Companion and Victory his Handmayd They attended Him o're the Alps They usher'd Him o're the Pyreneys They were his Harbingers o're the Rhine and they brought his horses to drink of the Danube They were his Pilots at Sea and they fill'd his sayles upon the Ocean where he was incomparably more powerfull then all his Progenitors Nor would I adventure to expose thus to the present world and transmit to future Ages the Raign of a For rein King had not I bin Spectator of divers of his exploits and had occasion also to make my addresse to his Cardinal for the rest I have labour'd to gather as faithfull instructions and authentic notes as I could and those not upon loose trust or from light persons The Relations which are the ingredients of this Story were not taken at the Porters lodge but above staires and most of them from the Counsell Table and Courts of Parliament This Victorious King began to bear Arms and wear buff about the same yeers that your Highnes did for before he was thirteen He suppress'd in person two Insurrections in Poitou and Britany He quell'd divers more which at last turn'd to his advantage as we find great trees growing towards their full consistence corroborat and take firmer rooting being shaken with tempests by the resistance they make So by debelling so many civill commotions he came to finde his own strength the more and to be fear'd as well as belov'd of his Subjects and a mixture of these two passions make an excellent government For though the strongest Cittadel of a King be his Peoples love and their hearts his best Exchequer yet it is observ'd that Love without Feare commonly turns to Scorn and Fear without Love turns into Hatred In the perusall of this Royal Story if Your Highnes please to observe the circumstances and grounds of some intestin broyles You shall find that divers of them have a neer analogie with these of England for many grew from discontents that the great Convention of the three Estates was discontinued and that France adhaer'd to Spanish Counsels with other resemblances besides Of these and other kind of commotions there happen'd above ten in this Kings Raign Nor is it any news to hear that France hath such fits of distemper or indeed any Countrey else that labours with superfluous humors I mean that swels with exces of people and plentie for as the Natural body when it is too repleat must have some vent just so the Political must have some Evacuations at home or abroad when it is too full and t' will thrive the better upon 't afterward If we cast our eyes upon the great world we shall find restlesse motions reluctations and combatings between the Elements yet we cannot call this any incongruitie or disorder in the frame of things but it tends to the conservation of the whole and may be said to keep Nature herself in action and health That the Earth trembleth the Sea tumbleth that the Aire is alwayes in agitation that 't is rent with thunder coruscations and other Meteorological impressions that all the Elements are in an incessant feud it is for the Vniversal good and to keep things vigorous and fresh So in Man who is the microcosm the little world and made up of elements there be passions and humors which are in perpetuall reluctance within him and so break out into tumults preliations and war And where this war is well grounded 't is wholsom and the victories that are acquir'd thereby are Decreta Caeli the Decrees of Heaven but in an ill grounded war they are no other then Faelicia Scelera fortunat villanies Moreover to transcend the Elements if we mark the course of the heavenly bodies themselfs there are crosse motions amongst them they are in perpetuall revolutions and circumgyrations nay there are branlings and trepidations amongst them which yet the wisest of Philosophers held to be no other then an harmonious sound and sweet regular symphony And as the gran Vnivers runs thus alwayes round and carryeth all bodies after it So Man who is part or rather the Epitome thereof specially in reference to his actions may be said to dance in a circle For there is not any thing now acted but may be parallell'd and exemplified by some Age or other Therefore among other excellent fruits of Story this is none of the least to put one off from wondring at any thing because he meets with precedents and patterns of all sorts in former times He that wil observe how some of the great Roman Emperors were content to live in Capreae a petty Island how the Princes of Italy fled to the Lakes of Venice for safetie how some of our Kings to the Isle of Man how Charles the seventh had no other town to keep his Court in but Bourges in Berry one of the smallest Provinces in all France which made him call'd a good while King of Berry with a world of such examples will nothing wonder that your Highnes keeps his Court now at Iersey Nor is this present Story a plain down-right confus'd narration of things for to compile such a work is as easie as to make fagots or to trusse up a bundle of straw but besides other observations and excursions that which the Author chiefly aymes at is to make the method of providence in dispensing judgements and to make a research of the causes of them de longue main for they seldom come immediatly one upon another but many yeers and sometimes a whole age intervenes between the judgement and the cause Furthermore I have bin carefull in this Story to vindicat England touching the circumstance of some traverses of State and War twixt Her and France during this Kings Raign which are misreported by the French Chroniclers there will be other censures found here besides but this I have done as he that kill'd the Serpent upon the childs head without touching his body It remains that I implore your Highne's pardon not for the subject of this work because 't is rich and royal but for the forme thereof if it be not found adaequat to the height of the matter according to the desires and endeavours of Your Highne's most obedient most loyal and
by armed hand seizd upon the town and castle of Iuillers The opposit Princes having besieg'd him there sent to France for help Hereupon Marshall de la Chastre march'd with those 12000. Auxiliaries and his conjunction with the other Princes was so fortunat that Iuillers was rendred up upon composition to the Duke of Newburg and Marquis of Brandenburgh but with this proviso that the Roman Religion should still have free exercise there This relief of Iuillers was the first forren act that happen'd in the raign of Lewis the thirtteenth and the expedition was intended before by his father Although in successif hereditary Kingdomes as France and England where the law sayeth the King never dieth the act of Coronation be not so absolutly necessary as to appertain to the essence of the thing yet hath it bin used as a ceremony not superfluous for the satisfaction of the people Hereupon there were great preparations made for the crowning and the anointing of the young King with the holy oyle which is kept alwayes in the town of Rheims in a little vial and the French faith is That it is part of the same oyle wherewith Clovis who was the first Christian King of France converted by his wife above 1000. yeers since was anointed and that a Dove brought down in her beak the said vial into the Church and so vanish'd which oyl they say continues fresh and sweet and without diminution to this day The said vial was once caried away by the English but it was recovered by the inhabitants of Povilleux for which they enjoy divers priviledges to this day This ceremony of Coronation in France is a very solemn thing and continues above eight houres long without intermission The twelve Peers are the chiefest Actors in it whereof there are six Spiritual and six Temporal the last six have now no being in France but only in name For they ought to be the Dukes of Burgundy Normandy and Aquitain the Earls of Tholouse Flanders and Champagny all which are represented by Deputies in this act One of the first circumstances in this ceremony is that two Bishops come and knock in the morning at the Kings Bed-chamber dore the Great Chamberlain asks them what they would have they answer Lewis the thirteenth son to Henry the Great The Lord Chamberlain replies He sleeps The Bishops a while after knock gently again and demand Lewis the thirteenth whom God had given them for their King So the dore opens and he is caried in solemn procession to the great Church At the communion he takes the bread and the wine to shew that his dignitie is Presbyterial as well as Regal The Parisians are bound to provide certain birds which are let loose that day up and down the Church whereof one was observ'd to sit and sing a great while upon the canopy that was caried over the Kings head which was held to be an auspicious augury Grace before and after diner is sung before him and the sword is held naked all the while with a multitude of other ceremonies The King seeming to be tyred having bin so many hours in the Church and born the crown on his head with divers other heavy vests upon his body was ask'd what he would take to take the like pains again he answer'd for another Crown I would take double the pains The King and Queen Regent being return'd to Paris the scene where the last act of this pomp should be perform'd before the triumph was ended there was a dash of water thrown into their wine by news that was brought of an insurrection that was in Berry by Florrimond de Pay Lord of Vatan who undertook to protect certain Salt Merchants by arms which he had leavied but he was quickly suppress'd and his head chop'd off divers of his complices hang'd and strangled This was the first flash of domestic fire that happen'd in the raign of Lewis the thirteenth which was the more dangerous because the said Lord of Vatan was of the Religion and 't was fear'd the whole body of them would have abetted him There arise a little after two ill-favour'd contentions twixt Church-men which kept a great noise for the present One was of the Iesuits who presented a remonstrance to the Court of Parliament that by vertu of an Edict of Henry the Great 1611. they might be permitted to open their Colledg of Clermont for the instruction of youth and to erect Classes for the public Lecture of the Sciences in a scholary way The Rector of the Universitie seconded by the Sindic of Sorbon with the whole body of Academiks oppos'd it mainly The first thing the Court ordred was that the Jesuits should subscribe to a submission and conformitie to the Doctrin of the Sorbon Schoole in these foure points 1. That the Pope hath no power over the temporalls of Kings and that he cannot excommunicat them or deprive them of their Kingdoms 2. That the Counsell is above the Pope 3. That the Ecclesrastiques are subject to the Secular and Politic Magistrat 4. That auricular Confessions ought to be reveal'd which concern the State and lifes of Kings and Soverain Princes All which Propositions tended to the maintenance of royal authoritie the conservation of the sacred persons of Kings and the liberties of the Gallie Church The Jesuit shrunk in their shoulders at this motion so one in the name of the rest answer'd that amongst their Statuts there was one which oblig'd them to follow the rules and laws of those places where they were therefore they could not promise their General would subscribe to the foresaid propositions but their Provincial in France should do it with the whole Colledg of Clermont which was done accordingly yet the Parliament could never be induc'd to passe a Decree whereby they might be authorized to open their Colledg in Paris for the education of youth though afterwards the King and Queen Regent by sole advise of the Counsell of State notwithstanding the opposition of Parliament and Universitie pass'd an Edict in their favour And this was done out of pure reason of State for the world knows what dangerous instruments Jesuits are if offended The other scuffle amongst Church-men was of a greater consequence which was thus The Iacobins who are the chiefest order of preaching Friers have a generall Chapter every three yeers in Paris This convention happen'd this yeer and divers Tenets were propounded there One amongst the rest was That in no case the Counsell is above the Pope There sate in this Assembly many eminent persons as the Cardinal of Perron the Popes Nuncio with divers other great Prelats There were also some Presidents of Courts there and Counsellors and the Provost of Paris Amongst others Hacquevill President in the great Chamber of Parliament at the debatement of the said thesis stood up and averr'd that it was heretical whereat the Nuncio was offended and after some heat of argument pro and con Cardinal Perron took the word
Catholic the rabble of the town sack'd his house burnt his books grub'd up his vineyards and plunder'd all he had The King being offended hereat remov'd the Presidial Court and Seneshalship thence to Beaucaire One Morgard an Astrologer publish'd some Praedictions of his in Print grounded upon the crosse conjunction of some malignant planets wherein he positively foretold very great commotions that were ready to arise in France and the fall of some great men But by Decree of Parliament he was condemn'd to the gallies where in lieu of handling his Astrolab he was put to tug at an oare This the poor Star-gazer could not foresee though his other praedictions prov'd all true Now touching Sydereal observations and praedictions of Astrology though they be at best but conjecturall yet are they not altogether to be contemn'd albeit that scarce one in a hundred hit there is a multitude of no mean examples that may be produc'd one was pointed at in the Proem of this peece And divers know how the yeers of the late Erl of Pembrook were precisely limited by a Genethliacall calcule We read that Otho the Emperour commanded all Astrologers to quit his dominions by such a day The Astrologers sent him word that since he had assign'd them a day to go out of the Empire they would assign him another to go out of the world for by such a day he should be no more among mortals which prov'd true This was contrary to a passage of Edward the Confessor King of England who when an Astrologer came and told him that he had taken great pains to pry into the horoscope of his nativitie and found that his Majesty should dy in such a moneth The King answer'd I can go neerer to work then so for I can foretell thee the very hour of thy death which will be to morrow at two a clock in the afternoon precisely so that thou canst not avoyd it So he commanded him to be tryed and executed accordingly But although it be presumption in man to determin any thing peremptorily out of their observance of the motions of Celestiall bodies yet it must be granted that the said bodies by their perpetuall influxes having dominion over every thing that is natural in man as the body the masse of bloud the organs and sensual appetit they may dispose his humors and inclinations to peace or war to obedience or insurrection to love or hatred accordingly For if Comets as we find by wofull experience which are of a far baser and more grosse extraction being meer meteorologicall stuff are thought to have a virtual power to make impressions upon the air and to leave infectious qualities behind them in the regions thereof which use to work upon human bodies in contagions and upon their humors to suscitat the minds of men to tumults and war much more may the Stars claym such a power Nevertheles although Astra regunt homines although it be allow'd that the Stars praedominat over every thing that is corporeal in man it follows not that this dominion extends to his intellectuals and to those actions which depend upon the absolut Empire of the will and other faculties of the soul which are purely spiritual but though this should be partly granted yet if we consider the union that is twixt the soul and the senses being inmates of one house which is such that she cannot produce any act if they do not contribut and present the object which is the intelligible species it may well be inferr'd that the faculties of the soul operat by the ministery of the senses and sensual appetit and the sensual appetit by influxes from heavenly bodies which may be said to have power to incite though not to force the will and affections of men to commotions and war and according to their various conjunctions and oppositions their anglings and culminations to cause good or bad effects which may prove inauspicious or successefull as some Astrologers observ'd when his Majesty of great Britain then Prince of Wales went to Spain to fetch a wife there was then a conjunction twixt Iupiter and Saturn which is always held malevolent so that journey had no successe but whither am I thus transported by this speculation from my intended road But without consulting the stars it was easie for any one of a mean foresight to be a prophet of some sudden commotions to arise considering how matters then stood in France for the Marshal of Ancre an Italian had then the vogue having engrossed to himself by the favor of the Queen Regent the managing and transaction of all the greatest affairs of State A man not so despicable as the French Annalists make him for his grandfather was Secretarie of State to Cosmo de Medici and by birth breeding and courage was a gentleman besides his wife had suck'd of the same milke as the Queen Regent did for her mother had bin her Nurse But it seems D'Ancre had scrued up the strings of authoritie too high and so they came not only to jar but to crack at last There were printed this yeer two Latine Books which kept a great clatter all Christendome over one was writ by Schoppius calld Ecclesiasticus The other by Becanus calld Controversia Angliae de potestate Regis et Papae They both trenchd highly upon Regall power The first had base touches of scandall upon Henry the Great and his late Majesty of England In so much that by a solemn sentence of Parliament it was burnt in Paris so France was revengd on the Book and England had some revenge on the body of the Author For he being in Madrid and Sir Iohn Digby now Earl of Bristol being Ambassadour there Master George Digby his kinsman a generous hardy young Gentleman encountting the said Schoppius he gave him a faire large cut athwart the face and so stigmatiz'd him to the view of the world which visible mark he wore to his grave Touching the other Book of Becanus The Syndic of Sorbon petitiond the Queen Regent that it might receive the same doome and that the Sacred Faculty of Theology might be permitted to put forth some public instrument to condemn the Doctrin thereof The Queen advis'd them not to determin any thing thereon as yet nor to make such noise or take so much notice thereof But they press'd further alledging it wold be a shrew brand to the Sacred Faculty to pass over so slightly such a scandalous Book that derogated so much from the authority of Kings and particularly of the most Christian with silence For posteritie will interpret this silence to be a consent to the tenets thereof But they were still put off and in the interim there came news from Rome that a Decree was published by the Pope wherein the said Book was condemn'd and adjudg'd to contain many false rash scandalous and seditious things respectively and therefore to be no more printed or publishd but to be put in the second Classes
capitulation to summon the States Generall and suspecting there might be some desseins against her authoritie she endevour'd to prevent it divers wayes First in the Mandats sent to the Governors of Provinces and Towns for the elections of Deputies there were speciall cautions inserted to choose no factious persons The second means was to defer the convocation of the States Generall till the Kings majority was declar'd that so his authoritie might be the more compleat and absolut whereby he might have a greater power to take into his hands her interests and oppose such resolutions that might prejudice them Lastly whereas the said convocation was appointed first to be at Rheims then at Sens she sent summons abroad that it should be held at Paris where the King was strongest by the residence of his servants the affections of all orders of people and the assistance of the ordinary Court of Parliament which is still there sitting though it was us'd to be ambulatory with the Kings Court. Now the difference which is in France between an Assembly of the three Estates and their Parliaments is that the former hath an analogie both in point of institution power and summons with our Soverain high Court of Parliament in England compos'd of Lords and Commons wherein the King sits as head and it is He alone who opens and shuts it with his breath This being the greatest of all Assemblies treats of matters touching the universall good of the State and the making correcting or repealing of laws and it is the highest Sphere which gives motion to all the rest The Parliaments of France whereof there are eight have not the same latitude of power yet are they Supreme Courts or Sessions of Justice where mens causes and differences are publikly determined in last ressort without any further appeale and any Peer of France by right of inheritance hath a capacitie to sit there The day being assign'd for publishing the Kings Majority the Queen Regent and He with his now sole brother the Duke of Anjou for his brother the Duke of Orleans was lately dead went in a stately solemn maner to the Court of Parliament accompagnied with the prime Prelats and Peers of the Kingdom and amongst them there were fower Cardinalls A contestation happen'd 'twixt the Cardinalls and Peers for precedency because the twelve Peers of France before an Ordinance made by Henry the third preceded any Prince of the bloud at the Coronation and Sacring of the King and the declaration of his Majority was an Act reflecting on that Yet the King inordred the priority for that time to the Cardinalls because they were Princes of the Church universal which made the Peers retire from the Court lest it might serve for a precedent to future Ages The Court being sat and all silenc'd the Queen Regent riss up and said That she prais'd and thank'd God to have afforded her grace to bring up her son to the yeers of his Majority and to maintain his Kingdom in peace the best she could That now he being come to age she transmitted the Government to him exhorting the company there present and all other his subjects to render him that service obedience and fidelity which is due unto him as to their King The Chancelor hereupon pronounced the Arrest of the Court importing a verification of the declaration of his Majesties Majority which was done in a solemn studied Oration This great solemnity did not end so but it was accompagnied with four wholsom Edicts as the first fruits or hansels of his raign 1. The first aym'd at a general concord 'twixt his subjects by strict injunction of observing the Edict of Nantes concerning them of the Religion 2. The second aym'd at a generall obedience prohibiting all ligues confederacy and intelligence with any strange Prince or State under pain of lifs 3. The third against Duells 4. The fourth against Blasphemy and Swearing Thus ended the Regency of Maria de Medici in form though not in effect for she swayed a good while after as Queen Mother in all Counsels the King reposing still his chief confidence in her during her Regency she did many public things which discover'd a pious and Princely soul Amongst others she provided divers Hospitalls in the suburbs of Saint German for the relief of the poor the aged and sick and to set young people at work which will continue there as long as the walls of Paris for monuments of her honour and charity The King having notice that the Deputies of the three States were com he sent the B p. of Paris to warn them in his name to fit themselfs for receiving the grace of God that so a blessing might fall upon their consultations to which purpose three daies fast was enjoyn'd them to prepare them the better for the holy Communion which was also inordred them So according to ancient custom a generall Procession was made wherein divers ranks of Fryars and Hopitalers went before then followed the Deputies of the third Estate who took place according to the rank of the 12. Governments of France and made in number 192. The Nobles followed them in number 132. They of the Clergie went last who made 140. so that in all they came to 464. which number I observe is inferior to that of the English Parliament where the Members of the House of Commons alone which corresponds the Third Estate in France come to neer upon 500. After these the King himself followed on foot accompagnied with the Queen and the Princes and Peeres The next day after all met in Bourbon House hall where the young King told them That having not long since declar'd his Majority he thought fitting to convoque the States Generall of his Kingdom to begin his raign by their good advice and Counsell to receive their complaints and provide for redres accordingly as it should be more amply told them by his Chancelor who took the word therupon This generall overture and Ceremony being ended the States Generall spent some daies to visit one another and to choosing of their three Praesidents or Prolocutors which they presented to the King with protestation of all fidelity and obedience The next day they took the Communion all in one Church going six at a time viz. two of every Order to the holy Table The Munday following they reassembled intending to fall close to work but their proceedings were retarded by some differences which interven'd touching the rank of the 12. Provinces or Governments and this clash kept a great noise till the King interpos'd therin his Authority and by the advice of his Privy Counsel which they submitted unto made this decision marshalling the 12. Governments thus 1. the Isle of France whereon Paris stands 2. Burgundy 3. Normandy 4. Guyen 5. Britany 6. Champany 7. Languedoc 8. Picardy 9. Dauphine 10. Provence 11. Lionnois 12. Orleans This being regulated by the King they fell to the main work and three Propositions were made the first by
notwithstanding that he was offer'd six hundred thousand crowns yearly by the Ecclesiasticks viz. two hundred thousand by the Pope two hundred thousand by the Colledge of Cardinalls and two hundred thousand by the French Clergy La Force whom the King had left Governor of Bearn did not put the Kings commands in execution as he expected therefore the Duke of Espernon was sent thither with an Army and settled all things according to the Kings pleasure and made La Force quit the Countrey who was proclaym'd Traytor and the Marshall of Themines put in his place though afterwards La Force recovered his repute with the King and receiv'd the Truncheon to be Marshall of France and grew to be a great Confident The King having now taken a resolution of war against the Rechellers intended to make a Lord High Constable of France thereupon it was offer'd the old Duke Le'sdigueres provided he would go to Masse which he waving Luynes undertook it which drew much more envy upon him then formerly The King put out a Declaration that it was not against Religion but against Rebellion that he proceeded therefore he offer'd to take into his protection all those Reformed Churches that would contain themselfs within the bounds of their obedience to him and not adhaere to the Assembly at Rochell which Declaration was verified in Parliament with much solemnity so he march'd towards the Loire and being neer Saumur a Town of the greatest consequence that the Reformed Churches had he sent to Monsieur du Plessis Mournay that he desired to lodge in the Castle that night with his Queen The old Governor being above eighty yeers of age was so surpriz'd with this Message that it put him to his wits end for he made full account the King would have lodg'd in the Town as other Kings had and as he was consulting what to do with much perplexity the Guard of Swisses were at the Castle gate so he peaceably let them in the King followed presently after who charming the old man with complement made him discharge his Garrison so the Castle and City was secur'd for the King Yet the Governor which he left in the Castle was a Reformist who was the Count of Sault Monsieur Crequy's son The reductiono and assurance of Saumur was a mighty advantage to the King for the advance of his present dessein in regard that Saumur for her situation was one of the importantst Towns that they of the Reformed Religion had in regard it tied Normandy Britany Anjou and Mayn with Poitou Tourain and other Countreys circumjacent where they were strongest besides it lay upon the Loire and it was the probablest place to stop the Kings passage which they endevor'd to doe afterwards at Saint Iohn d' Angely From Saumur the King marched to Touars a Town of the Duke of Trimovillies where he was receiv'd with all honor and obedience by the Duchesse in the Dukes absence from thence he pass'd through divers Towns of the Reformed Religion where in some places he chang'd the Governors so he came to Moart where Paraberre the old Governor afterward turning Roman entertaind him with all kind of compliance So he found little or no opposition at all till he came to Saint Iohn d' Angely where Soubize had cast himself in with 1500. men a formall siege was planted before the Towne The King had 15000. foot and 2000. horse the flower of the Cavalry of France and Espernon came with 4000. foot more of Gascons and Bearnois A Herald of Arms was sent to summon Soubize who being let a little in at one of the gates in his rich coat he pronounced alowd these words To thee Benjamin of Rohan Lord of Soubize I come and command thee in the Kings name my Soverain Lord and thine to open unto him the gates of this Town to deliver it unto him as his own and to go out presently with all those that assist thee otherwise I declare thee a Rebell and a Traytor against Divine and Humane Majesty in the highest degree thy Houses and Castles to be raz'd thy goods confiscated to the King and I declare thee and all thy posterity Yeomen Soubize answer'd That he was a most humble servant and subject of the Kings but being there in quality of a Soldier the execution of the Kings commandment depended on the Assembly of Rochel who had committed unto him the Government of the place this he spoak with his hat on thereupon the Herald replied Know that neither as Captain or Soldier thou oughtst to answer me with thy head cover'd when I speak to thee in the name of the King thy Soverain Lord and mine Then Haute Fontaine took the word saying That the Lord Soubize having never seen such summons was excusable This Answer and cariage of Soubize that he should prefer an Ordinance of the Assembly before his royal Declaration nettled the King extremley so the siege was poursued very eagerly a mine or two sprung and a generall Storm appointed but in the interim there were Deputies sent to Constable Luynes to Treat he sent them back with this Answer that the King did not use to Treat with his Subjects Hereupon they return'd with Commission to implore grace so the King publish'd a short Proclamation to this effect That his Majesty being contented to admit of a Treaty at the most humble supplication many times reiterated by them which are in the Town of St. John d'Angely or Angerry he was pleas'd to vouchsafe a generall pardon to all provided they ask it and swear never to bear arms again against his service c. So they came out and Soubize kneel'd unto the King and promis'd to observe the conditions his Majesty requir'd Thus Saint Iohn d' Angely was yeelded upon Saint Iohn Baptists day the Patron of the place after fortie daies siege which was furious and very hot for the time divers Lords and Gentlemen of quality lost their lives there the Prince of Ienvill was hurt so was the Duke of Elbeuf the Marquis de la Valette de Saint Claumont Crequy with divers others The Cardinal of Guyse fell down at the puffe of a Canon bullet which put him in such a burning feavor that he died before the Town as also the Marshall of Brissac The King commanded a Convent of Capuchins to be built forthwith the wals to be raz'd and commanded it should be call'd no more a town but a village and to be nam'd Lewis-Bourg The rendition of this town was seconded with good news from the Prince of Condé and the Count of Saint Paul who had taken Gergeau and Sancerre which with Saumur were all they had upon the Loire While the King was before Saint Iohn d' Angely a remarkable passage happen'd twixt Sir Edward Herbert now Baron of Cherberry then Ambassador for his Majesty of great Britain in France and the great Favorit and Constable Luynes which was thus Sir Edward Herbert had receiv'd privat instructions from England to
brotherly affection that We cannot return you the like onely we can promise and assure you upon the faith of an honest man that you shall have alwayes power not onely to dispose of Our forces and kingdoms but of Our heart and person and also of the person of Our son if you have need which God prevent praying you to rest assured that We shall not onely be far from cherishing or giving the least countenance to any of your subjects of what profession soever of Religion who shall forget their naturall allegiance unto you but if We have the least inkling thereof We shall send you very faithfull advertisement And you may promise your self that upon such occasion or upon any other which may tend to the honor of your Crown you shall alwayes have power to dispose freely of Our assistance as if the cause were Our own so upon assurance that Our interests shall be alwayes common We pray God most high most excellent and most puissant Prince Our most deer and most beloved Brother Cousen and Ally to have you alwayes in his most holy protection Newmarket 9. of February 1624. Your most affectionat Brother Cousen and ancient Ally Iames K. The Critiques of the time did much censure this Letter in regard King Iames seems to dis-invest himself utterly of all Title to France thereby because he confesseth Henry the Fourth to have not onely reconquer'd it but to have a naturall right unto it in the said Letter The former Treaty for the Infanta of Spaine did facilitat also the hastning of this businesse and made it lesse knotty in regard that the matrimonial capitulations which in effect were the very same with those of the Infanta's had bin beaten and moulded a long time before upon the Spanish Anvill and so made smooth and passable They were in substance these that follow 1. That the French King should make it his busines to procure a dispensation from Rome within three moneths 2. That for the celebration of the act of affiancing the King of Great Britain should depute whom he pleas'd and that it be done according to the Roman rites 3. That the mariage be solemniz'd in the same forme as that of Queen Margaret and the Duchesse of Bar was 4. That she be attended to the Sea side upon the charge of France 5. That the contract of mariage be publiquely ratified in England without intervention of any Ecclesiastic ceremony 6. That free exercise of Religion be granted unto Madam her self and all her train and to the children that her servants shall have And to that end they shall have a Chappel in every one of the Kings Royall Houses or any where els where she shall keep her Court 7. That preaching and the administration of the Sacraments of the Masse with all other Divine Offices be permitted Her as also the gaining of all Indulgences and Jubils from Rome and that a Church-yard be appointed wall'd about to bury Catholiks according to the Rites of the Roman Church all which shall be done modestly 8. That she shall have a Bishop for her Almoner who may have power to proceed against any Ecclesiastic under his charge according to the Canonicall constitutions And in case the Secular Court shall seize upon any Churchmen under his jurisdiction for any crime which concern'd not the State he shall be sent back to the said Bishop who taking cognisance of the delict shall degrade him and so return him to the Secular power and other faults all Church-men under him shall be sent to him to be proceeded against accordingly or in his absence to his Vicar generall 9. She shall have 28. Priests of her House and if any be a Regular he shall be allow'd to weare his habit 10 The King of Great Britain and his son shall oblige themselfs by Oath not to attempt any thing upon the conscience of Madam to induce her to renounce her Religion 11. All her domestiques shall be Catholiques and French which she shall bring with her and in their roomes when they die she shal be allow'd to choose other French Catholiques but with the consent of the King of Great Britain 12. Her dowry shall be eight hundred thousand crowns whereof the one moity shall be pai'd the yeeve after Contract the other a yeer after and in case she survive her Husband the said dowry shall be entirely return'd her whether she desire to live in England or France 13. But if there remain any children of this mariage then she is to have back but two thirds of the said dowry 14. And in case Madam die before the Prince without children the moity of the said dowry shall be only return'd and in case she leave children all shall go amongst them 15. Madam shall be endow'd with a joynture of eighteen thousand pound sterling per an which comes to sixty thousand crowns and his Majestie of Great Britain shall give her besides the value of fifty thousand crowns in Jewels whereof she shall have the property as of those she hath already and of what shall be given her hereafter He shall be also oblig'd to maintain her and her House and in case she come to be a widow she shall enioy her dower and jointure which shall be assignd her in Lands Castles and Houses whereof one shall be furnish'd and fit for habitation and that the said joynture be pay'd her wheresoever she shall desire to reside she shall have also the free disposing of the Benefices and Offices belonging to the said Lands whereof one shall have the title of Duchy or County 16. That she shall be permitted whether she have children or not to return to France and bring with her her movables rings and jewels as also her dowry and the King shall be bound to have her conducted to Calice upon his charge 17. The contract of the mariage shall be registred in the Court of Parliament of Paris and ratified in that of England 18. All her servants shall take this following Oath I sweare and promise fidelitie to the most gracious King of Great Britain to the most gracious Prince Charles and to Madame Henriette Marie daughter of France which I shall most faithfully and inviolably keep And if I know of any attempt against the said King Prince and Lady or their estates or against the public good of the Kingdoms of the said King I shall forthwith denounce the same to the said King Prince and Lady or others who shall have it in charge This was the substance of all the Matrimoniall capitulations which were digested to 28. Articles with a penalty of four hundred thousand crowns upon either of the two Kings which should infringe any of them Besides these there were some privat Articles accorded in favour of the Roman Catholiks in England and Ireland but far from the latitude of a public Toleration Upon the ending of this great Treaty with France Iames the First of England and Sixth of Scotland ended his life
in his Palace at Theobalds A little before he broak out into a very passionate Speech to his Lords of the Counsel of the King of France saying My Lords the King of France hath writ unto me that he is so far my friend that if ever I have need of him he will render me Offices in Person whensoever I shall desire him Truly he hath gain'd upon me more then any of his Predecessors and he may beleeve me that in any thing that shall concern him I will employ not only my peoples lifes but mine own and whosoever of his subjects shall rise against him either Catholiks or others shall find me a party for him 'T is true if he be provok'd to infringe his Edicts I shall impart as much as in me lies by counsell and advice to prevent the inconveniences Then falling upon the perfections of Madame Henriette Marie he said pleasantly When she is come over I will denounce war against her because she would not read my Letter nor my sons as I understand before she had first receiv'd command from the Queen her Mother yet I have cause to thank her because that after she had perus'd them she put mine in her cushionet and the other in her bosome intimating thereby that she would rely upon me for counsell and lodg my son in her heart King Iame's death retarded a while the proceedings of the Match for things were at a stand till his Exequies were pass'd which were perform'd with a Magnificence sutable to so great a King This Ceremony being ended a procuration was sent the Duke of Cheureuse from his Majesty of Great Britain to be contracted unto the Lady Henriette and then to marry her in his name which was done with extraordinary celebrity the one in the Louure the last in the great Church of Paris by the ministery of the Cardinall Rochefaucaud a little before there was a clash twixt him and the Bishop of Paris who urg'd it was his right to officiat in his own Church but the Cardinal being a Prince of the Church Universall being also gran Almoner which makes him chief Clark of the Court and Cardinal Richelieu who had now the greatest stroak in the State favoring his own habit and the Hat more then the Mitre the Cardinal carried the day This solemnity was perform'd to the very height of greatnes and splendor and such was the bravery of the English Ambassadors the Earls of Carlile and Holland that they seem'd to outshine the French that day in their own Sphere One half of the dowry had bin delivered before upon the Contract which was in all as was said before eight hundred thousand crowns and it was more then the eldest Sister had by two hundred thousand crowns and double as much as the second had the one having but six hundred thousand the other but foure hundred thousand crowns to their portions The Contract and Mariage being thus finish'd the Duke of Buckingham came a fortnight after with admired gallantry to demand the Queen of Great Britain for the King his Master and to attend and conduct her over to England The Queen Mother accompagnied her as far as Amiens Monsieur her Brother to Bullen whence a Fleet of twenty Galeons Royall transported her to Dover This was the eighth Nuptiall conjunction of the Rose and Flowerdeluce that hath happend 'twixt England and France The first was in the yeer 900. 'twixt Charles the First of France and the Lady Ogine daughter to Edward the old King of England 120. yeers before the Norman conquest The second twixt Henry the Third of England and Margaret daughter to Lewis the Seventh of France The third was between Edward the First of England and the Lady Margaret daughter to Philip the Hardy of France The fourth 'twixt Edward the Second of England and Isabel daughter to Philip the Faire The fifth was 'twixt Richard the Second of England and Elizabeth daughter to Charles the Sixth The sixth 'twixt Henry the Fifth of England and Catherin daughter also to Charles the Sixth of France The seventh was 'twixt Lewis the twelfth of France and Mary daughter to Henry the Seventh of England The eighth was this 'twixt Charles Stuard Prince of Wales and Henriette Marie of Bourbon youngest daughter to Henry the Great so in these eight Matches England hath had six daughters of France and France two of Englands As soon as this great Nuptiall pompe was pass'd there came tydings that Soubize upon a new discontent of them of the Religion had a great Fleet of ships at Sea and surpriz'd the Port of Blauet in Britany which is a faire and large Haven deposited to the Spaniard in time of the Ligue and restored to Henry the Great at the peace at Vervins Soubize enterd the Haven with eleven Sayle of men of War and took and carried away six great ships whereof some belong'd to the Duke of Nevers This rendred them of the Religion powerfull at Sea and because their Ships might have choise of harbors they seiz'd upon the Islands of Re and Oleron where they began to fortifie Soubize sayles up the Garond towards Bourdeaux with a Fleet of seventy sayles of all sort which made him Master of the Sea and landing a considerable number of land forces at the land of Medoc they of Bourdeaux joyning with Toiras sent him a shipboard again with losse and so he return'd to Rochell A little after he sets out to Sea again and takes divers prises extremely interrupting all traffic on those Coasts Hereupon the King sent to the Hollander to hyre twenty Sayle of men of War according to the late Treaty which were accordingly sent him under Admirall Hauthain These joyning with another Fleet of the Duke of Monmorency made a considerable naval power Monmorency was very eagar to set upon Soubize and the Rochell Fleet but he found the Hollanders bacward and cold being charm'd by Letters and a Remonstance annexed unto it sent to Hauthain by two French Ministers and two Dutch Merchants from Rochell wherein they made piteous complaint that the King had performed little or nothing at all of the Treaty before Montpellier and that the utter ruine of the whole body of the Religion which was the same with that of Holland was intended therefore they did efflagitat and conjure the said Admiral Hauthain to lay his hand on his heart and conscience and not to contribute to so damnable a dessein This Remonstrance wrought much upon Hauthain and Dorp his Vice-Admiral in so much that he publiquely declar'd unto the Duke of Monmorency that he had Commission in expresse termes from his Masters the States to reduce Monsieur Soubize to his duty either by reason or force that he understood how he was ready to conforme himself to the first and to that effect he and his Brother the Duke of Rohan with other Towns of their party had Deputies employed to the King to desire Peace which was in a good forwardnes
was a business of the greatest consequence that possibly could import him for a wife is the best or worst fortune that can befall a man in the whole cours of his life There were some that whisper'd him in the eare to disswade him from the said Match 'mongst others the Marshall of Ornano his Governor who told him That if he maried in France all his Means Credit and Fortune would be bounded there whereas if he maried some forren Princesse he might have some support and a place to retire unto abroad upon hard usage at home which would make him better esteem'd This being brought to the Kings eare Ornano with divers other were taken out of their beds in the dead of night and clap'd in the Bastile hereupon Monsieur went to the Chancelor d' Haligre and reproach'd him to have counsell'd the King to have his Governor pluck'd away from him so the Chancelor excus'd himself and denied that he had given such counsell The King having notice of this poor answer of his Chancelor sent the next day for the Seales willing him to retire to his Countrey house The Duke of Vendosm and his brother the gran Prior were thought also to do ill Offices in this busines which made them fall into some dislike and so they were committed prisoners to the Castle of Ambois amongst other things wherewith Vendosm was charg'd one was that he should say he would never see the King againe but in picture so he was put out of the government of Britany which was conferr'd upon Marshall Themines Cardinall Richelieu having drawn a great deal of hatred upon himself about this match he had a guard allow'd him which was afterwards recented according as the measure of envie and danger accrued The King being at Nants in Britany to settle that Government told his brother that he much desired he were married to Madamoiselle Monpensier for the good of his state assuring him that he should find his own advantages in it Monsieur answer'd That if his Majesty judg'd that it would be for the good of his state he entirely conform'd himself to his pleasure thereupon he sent a long complement to Madamoiselle Monpensier concluding that he would prove a better Husband to her then he was a servant So the Articles of Mariage were drawn and Monsieur was to have for his appannage the Duchy of Orleans with other places to the sum of one hundred thousand franks annuall rent all charges defrayed so much more in pension and by speciall warrant five hundred and sixty thousand franks yeerly upon the receipts of Orleans which comes in all to about seventy thousand pounds sterlin per annum so the Cardinall of Richelieu betroth'd and married them the next day at Nants with as much solemnity as the place could afford At this time there were whispers up and down France of divers plots that were to be put in execution some gave out the King intended to repudiat the Queen Others that there was a design to clap up the King in a monasterie and that Monsieur should raign of this plot there was a whisper the mother was because she alwaies seem'd to love the younger better then the elder But I beleeve this was a groundlesse surmise There were divers in prison that would have perswaded Monsieur to a forrein match and endeavour'd to crosse this Amongst others the Count of Chalais was one who was beheaded at Nants and there being no headsman in the town a prisoner that was in for a capitall crime undertooke the office provided he might have his pardon but he manag'd the instrument so ill that he gave the Count thirtie foure stroakes before he could separat the head from the body Sanctarellus the Jesuit obtruded to the world dangerous tenets about this time viz. That the Pope hath power to depose the Emperour to admonish and punish with temporall pains other Princes and absolve their subjects from their Oath of fidelitie in case of heresie The book was burnt in Paris Father Cotton Provinciall of the French Jesuits brought a public instrument from the chief of the Colledge of Clermont wherein their Society did disadvow and detest the said opinion of Sanctarellus which instrument was commanded to be put upon Record It was an ancient custom in France before the erection of Sedentary Parliaments whereof there are eight to assemble once or twice every yeer the States General which Assembly was first call'd Parlement wherein they treated of the highest Affairs of State of making levies of money for the Kings extraordinary occasions for punishing corrupt Magistrats and questioning any Officers whatsoever upon the relations which were made by the Deputies or Members of the said Assembly which were call'd in old times Missi Dominici viz. Those who were sent by the Lord or King This as I said before in the second Lustre is equivalent to the High Court of Parlement in England though in number it be inferior to it in regard that this Generall Assembly of France consists but of foure hundred and odd members that in England of neer upon seven hundred Since the settling of the said Sedentary Parlements this Great Parlement hath bin seldom convok'd in France unlesse during the minority of the King for which the Countrey hath suffer'd much in regard this universall convention was us'd to keep good correspondence 'twixt the Prince and his people and the pecuniary levies which pass'd by their Suffrages were given with more cheerfulnesse and besides there was no need of so many Collectors and Receivors as are employed in the Kings ordinary Revenu which are so numerous that the fourth part is drunk up among Officers in fees and wages so that there hardly comes into the Kings Coffers cleer a Quardecu in every Crowne This Assembly of the three Estates in France grew to be very rare and in a manner obsolete since the Kings had power given them to impose public assessments the ground whereof was this When the English had taken such firme footing in France that they had advanc'd as far as the Loire and besieg'd Orleans the Assembly of the three States in these pressures being not able to meet after the ordinary maner by reason of the interposition of the enemy up and down that power which was formerly inhaerent in the three States of making Laws and assessing the subject with subsidiary taxes was transmitted to the King himself during the war which continuing long that intrusted power grew in tract of time so habitual that it could never be re-assum'd or the Kings disvested of it And that which made the busines more feasable for the Kings was that the burden fell most upon the Comminalty the Nobility and Clergy not feeling the weight neer so much And it happen'd in so favourable conjuncture of time that the Clergy and Nobles were contented to have the Peasans pull'd down a little because not many yeers before in that notable rebellion call'd la Iaquerie de Beauvoisin
at Sea might be dissipated without the employment of any Fleet Royall Finally that there hath bin a necessity to arme thus because there is no hope of accommodation otherwise the contrary will be most manifest to him who will consider the researches which have bin made at severall times as well by their own Ministers as by the Ministers of other Princes to the King my Master to treat of accommodating things at their instigation It appears by all this that the King my Master hath not bin forc'd to arme for any particular interest but only for the defence of the Churches for the security and freedom whereof he stood responsible Yet there are some who dare amuse the world that his Majesty hath a particular dessein in it and that he useth Religion for a pretext to gain a party by means whereof and by which conjunction he hopes to push on his purposes to the end at which they ayme No no our Religion teacheth us otherwise and the King my Master's piety wherein he gives place to no man living will never permit him His desscin is the establishment of the Churches his interest is their good and his ayme their contentment That being done these Drums beating these Ensignes displayed shall be folded up again And all this noyse of War shall be buried in night and silence which would never have bin but for their cause Given aboard of our Admiral this Wensday the 21. of Iuly 1627. Buckingham A good while before this Fleet was under sayle the French Cardinal by some pensionary Spies he had in the English Court had advertisement of the dessein therefore there was a Remonstrance sent from the King to his Town of Rochell to this effect That they were French and that the English were proud and insupportable that having vain pretentions upon this Kingdom if they took any place it was to reduce it to slavery That their Ancestors being acquainted with the nature of the English chose rather to lose half their goods then to be under their domination upon the accord made for the delivery of King John when he was prisoner in England That his Majesty had given proofs of the effects of his clemency so often and with so much favor that his grace seem'd to be above their crimes for their Religion if they thought to cast it upon the account he left them the free exercise of it touching Lewis Fort which seem'd to give some ombrage to their Town he assur'd them that continuing within the bounds of their obedience there should be a cours taken for their contentment but if it should come into the hands of the English doubtlesse they would turn it to a Cittadell to settle therein their tyranny That the present occasion was of that high importance that it might entirely and eternally gain them the affections of their King by their fidelity or that they might thereby offend him so sensibly that they might render themselfs incapable of grace ever after if they departed from their loyalty whereunto they were oblig'd as subjects towards their naturall Prince and as Frenchmen against a strange Nation and an ancient enemy of France By the Duke of Buckinghams Manifesto it appears the King of Great Britain had divers grounds of War against France first that his Merchants were so abus'd their ships seiz'd on and their goods taken away secondly that the French King grew so strong in ships which in former times was us'd to be a sufficient motif for War of it self and lastly that Articles were not perform'd of the peace which was made with them of the Religion wherein England was engag'd His Majesty of Great Britain waves the first two and layes hold of the last whereby the French Reformists had just cause to abet him in the quarrell it being more theirs then his Though there were reports blaz'd abroad of other odd motifs Howsoever the Policy of England was tax'd though her courage admir'd abroad to engolf her self into a War with France when she had another great neighbour King already on her back in actual hostility This Fleet gave a mighty alarme to France which made the King to send the Duke of Angoulesme before Rochell with three thousand foot and five hundred horse The King following a few dayes after fell sick upon the way and Monsieur was in mourning for his wife who died in Child-bed of a daughter The Duke of Angoulesms Quarter-masters when they came to take lodgings for the billeting of the Army in the small villages about Rochell took so much roome as would have serv'd an Army thrice as great and this was done of purpose for the report thereof being blown to Rochell and so to the English Fleet the Duke upon Soubize's advice cast anchor at the Isle of Ré whereas his first intention was for Lewis fort upon the Continent which dessein was diverted upon the false report of the greatnes of Angoulesms Army There were hardly 1200. English landed upon the Island of Ré but 1000. French foot and 200. choice horse who had layn invisible in a bottom all the while appear'd and charg'd them furiously the French horse did wonderful bravely and the English foot no lesse who having scarce step'd ashore were set upon and divers driven into the Sea and drown'd but by the brave example of their Commanders they resum'd courage and kill'd above one hundred and fifty of the enemies Cavalry put their foot to flight and remaind Masters of the field there was good pillage found among the French horsemen that fell divers of them being persons of quality and young spirits which being stripp'd many had their Mistesses favors tied about their genitories At this first act of invasion the English loss'd some hundreds of men amongst others Blaneart Monsieur Soubize companion who had bin one of the chief tracers of this voyage in the English Court was slain upon the sands and Sir Iohn Heyden was kill'd too who had afterwards honourable buriall The next day the English horse landed and so they began to intrench The chiefest Fort in the Island was Saint Martin where Monsieur Toiras a choice man had bin many dayes before he sent the next day in a bravado a Page and a Trumpet to tell the Duke he meant to give him a breakfast the Page had twenty peeces and the Trumpet five given him If the Duke had gon presently in pursuance of his victory for that breakfast toward Saint Martin he might in all probability have taken the Fort but he stayed divers dayes neer the Sea side and in the interim Toiras had time to fortifie and the cause he stay'd his march further was that Soubize Sir Will Beecher had gon to Rochell for more ayd which the Duke expected but the Rocheller gave them little countenance letting them in at the Postern gate Toiras after the first sent a second Trumpet to the Duke for burying the dead offering a thousand pounds for his brothers body and others
that the Town was succourable he would raise the siege without fighting a stroak The General of this Fleet was the Lord Rob Willoughby Earl of Linzey whom the French Chroniclers call Willaby Inghay and the General of the former Fleet they call Count d'Emby in lieu of Denbigh so they call Burrowes Burrache Ashpernham Hasburnim And as in this relation so every where els they seldom or never truly render the sirname of any English or German which under favor is a great error and a kind of stupidity and carelesnes in an Historian The King being return'd with the flower of all the Nobility of France to the siege before Rochell which had now lasted a long time the Town was reduc'd to an extreme exigent and want of provision having for greedinesse of mony sold upon high prises to the English being at Ré much corn and other things therefore they came at last to a submission their Deputies making this speech to the King Sir they who have bin a long time shut up in obscure prisons when they come abroad cannot behold the Sun without dazzling their eyes so we whom a long captivity hath kept reclus'd within our walls coming now to appeer before your Majesties face we are not able to endure the brightnesse of it without dazzlement and some horror of our faults pass'd which adds to our confusion yet the goodnes of your Majesty whereof we have tasted the effects so often and do now find gives us the boldnesse to prostrat our selfs at your feet to implore pardon which our frequent relapses into our crimes do not permit us to hope for c. So they go on with a protest and deep asseveration of their loyaltie for the future wherein they will endeavor to surpasse all the rest of his subjects The King answer'd God grant that you have spoken to me from the bottom of your hearts and that necessity rather then an acknowledgement of your faults hath put these words in your mouthes you have made use of all means and inventions to withdraw your selfs from the duty of good and faithfull subjects yet I cannot forbeare to let you feel the effects of my goodnes and mercy Be wiser hereafter and assure your selfs I will not breake my promise At the beginning of the siege there were in the Town about eighteen thousand souls but at the reddition there were not five thousand and scarce one hundred who had strength to bear a Musket an ounce of bread was worth half a crown a pound of bisket seven crowns an egg six shillings a pound of horse-flesh ten shillings a cabbage leaf three pence many dragg'd themselfs to the Church-yards and made their own graves A little before their reddition they married all the young maids in the Town that were espousable who had any portions The King caus'd all kind of fortifications new and old except those towards the haven to be raz'd all bastions and the walls to be demolish'd and the moats fill'd up so of a City she became to be an open village without Maire Sheriffs or any other Magistrat the Inhabitants to be contributory to all kind of taxes those ramparts that were built out of the ruines of Churches and Monasteries were employed for reedification of the former Churches a great Crosse was erected in the Market-place and a Decree pass'd that there should be a solemn Procession every yeer upon All Saints day about that Crosse in remembrance that the Town was taken that day all their Parishes were reduc'd to three In so much that as the quality of the place so the whole government thereof was entirely alter'd as if they had bin put to begin the world again In the mean time while the King had triumphed thus over Rochell the Duke of Rohan was very active in Languedoc having considerable forces which made the Parlement of Tholouze thunder out a furious Arrest against him That for his so many Conspiracies Rebellions Disloyalties and for bringing the English into France and other most odious Treasons he was depriv'd of the title of Duke made incapable of the benefit of the generall Act of oblivion that he should be drawn by wild horses his body dismembred and burnt his ashes thrown into the wind his posterity declar'd Peasants his Duchy reunited to the Crown and whosoever could apprehend his person and bring him living or dead he should have one hundred and fifty thousand Franks for a guerdon The Duke so little valued this sentence that he cau'd Masvyer the chief President of Tholouze to be hanged the next day in Effigie in the Town where he was There was at this time in Italy a former difference reviv'd 'twixt the Duke of Savoy and the Duke of Mantova about Monferrat which had bin some yeers before accommoded by the intervention of France The Emperour and Spaniard were for the Savoyard hereupon Don Gonzalez de Cordova besieg'd Casal The King of France thought it concernd his honor and safety to assist the Mantovan who had been once his vassal when only Duke of Nevers therefore having settled all things at Rochell he marcheth with his Army toward the Alpes but demanding passage of the Duke of Savoy the Duke a great while did complement with him Hereupon he forceth his passage through snow and yce in the moneth of February and got over to Susa in person which was rendred unto him so the Duke and He were upon good termes and free passage accorded for his Army to passe to Piemont to raise the siege of Casal but Gonzales by the advice of the Duke of Savoy quitted the siege himself in the interim and so retir'd to Milan and the King returned to France While he was t'other side the Alps at Susa by the interposition of the republic of Venice there was an overture made of a reconciliation 'twixt England and France which quickly took effect The King in his return ore the Alps with his Cardinal caus'd a Pillar to be erected in the common road upon one of the highest Mountains with this ostentous Inscription To the eternall memory of Lewis the thirteenth King of France and Navarr most gracious most victorious most happy most just A Conqueror who having overcome all Nations of Europe he hath triumphed also over the elements of heaven and earth having twice pass'd ore these Hills in the moneth of March with his victorious Army to restore the Princes of Italy to their estates and to protect and defend his Allies Being return'd to France he heard the Duke of Rohan rov'd still up and down with forces in Languedoc and that he was upon point of entering into a confederation with the Spaniard to which purpose He employ'd one Clausel to Madrid who propos'd That if his Catholic Majesty would be pleas'd to furnish him with 600000. crowns annually the Duke of Rohan would undertake to raise and maintain an Army of twelve thousand foot and twelve hundred horse to make what diversion his Majesty would appoint
and to continue a war in France There were divers other Propositions tending to the kind usage of the Catholiques and withall a request That the Dukes pension from fourteen thousand crowns might be augmented to eighteen thousand and that his Catholic Majesty would please to add to his brother Soubize's pension of eight thousand crowns a yeer two thousand more For performance of these propositions the said Clausel could give no other caution but the word of an Honorable and most Religious Prince meaning the Duke These offers were accepted by the Spaniard but the sum was reduc'd to three hundred thousand crowns payable in two payments every yeer The Articles being sent by Clausel to France by a Zeland Gentleman he was suspected and taken in a Pond up to the neck so he was hang'd at Tholouse The King at his return to Provence took Privas from them of the Religion after many bloudy sallies and assaults on both sides a place of mighty consequence In the Campe before Privas the Peace was proclaym'd 'twixt France and England to dishearten them in the Town the more for they thought that the King of Great Britain was still involv'd in their Cause This Peace was negotiated by Georgi and Contarini Ambassadors to the Mayden Republic who yet may be call'd the Mother of Policy and able to read Lectures on that Thesis to the rest of Europe nor did there small glory redound to her by her succesfull intervention herein and by making her Saint Mark Mediator 'twixt two such mighty Monarks The words of the Proclamation before Privas pronounc'd alowd by a king of Arms were these Let the world know there is peace amity and good intelligence between his Majesty and his good Brother and Brother in law the King of Great Britain acessation of all acts of hostility betwixt them and their subjects with an entire confirmation of the ancient Alliances and of the Articles and Contract of Mariage with the Queen of Great Britain and an overture of a free and safe commerce between the subjects of the two Crowns Therefore all persons are prohibited to attempt any think in prejudice of the said Peace under pain of being punish'd as Disturbers of the public repose c. The generall Articles also were signed there interchangeably in the ordinary forme where of there were some extraordinary as that In regard it would be difficult to make restitution on either side of divers prises which have been taken in this war the two Crowns are accorded that there shall be no reprisall made by sea or in any other maner for that which is pass'd 'twixt the two Kings and their subjects during the said war And because there are divers vessels at Sea with Letters of Mart which give Commission to combat the enemies which cannot presently have notice of this Peace or receive Order to abstain from acts of hostility It is accorded that whatsoever shall passe the space of the two next moneths after this accord shall not derogate from or empeach this Peace or the good will of the two Crowns The King having dismantled Privas and secur'd other petty places he march'd to Alets a very considerable Garrison Town of them of the Religion which being also surrendred he march'd to Languedoc took Castres and Nismes once the darling of Rome when she had her Legions in those parts though now no Town throughout France be a greater enemy unto her These monstrous successes of the Kings made the Duke of Rohan hearken unto a Treaty therefore being at Anduza he convokes a kind of Assembly of the chiefest of them of the Religion to whom he made this notable speech Sirs You know well enough that the King doing me the honor as to acknowledge me his kinsman hath had particular consideration of me in all generall Treaties made with your party and that he hath made me to be perpetually sollicited to separat my self from you with assurances that he would raise my condition to such a point that might draw upon it the envy of the Princes and the greatest of his Kingdom Neither are you ignorant that the generall interests of the party being deerer unto me then mine own I have bin so far from lending an ear unto those charming propositions that to the contrary I have broak with his Majesty whensoever he hath refus'd or delay'd the execution of the Edicts pass'd in favor of us and exposing my self to his indignation I have run the hazard of my fortun my honor and life Gentlemen I pray do not think that since our Cause is conjoyn'd with that of God but that I continu as strong a zeal and inclination as ever towards it But in regard our affaires are in another condition perchance then you do imagin I have call'd you hither to instruct you and then to take such order that your wisdoms shall afford me to put in punctuall execution with as much fidelity as courage You must then consider that any time these eight yeers that the King hath warr'd with us heaven hath bin so favorable unto him that it seems he rather went to the routing of our troupes then to combat and by assaulting our strongest Towns he prepar'd rather for triumphant entries then sieges so that now the number of our combatants and the strength of our strongest places doth not serve as much to maintain our party as to augment his glory so many Towns in Poitou Saintonge Guyen and Languedoc which have not bin able toresist him as many dayes as we count moneths are most sensible proofs hereof Rochell alas with that he fetcht a profound sigh accompagnied with tears Rochell which we thought inexpugnable that prowd Town one of the miracles of Europe being now reduc'd to an open village on all sides doth carry and shall eternally beare the marks of the valour and good fortune of this glorious Monark Having demolish'd this strong rampart of the Gospel by which the whole party subsisted he hath penetrated the Kingdom from one Diameter to the other and travers'd in five or six dayes the Alps in the most rigorous season of the yeer which Julius Caesar accounted amongst his heroiquest actions and Hannibal could not do it in fifteen dayes without inestimable losse He hath forc'd the passe of Susa marching ore the belly of an Army entrench'd and fortified in a straight He hath deliver'd the Duke of Mantova from the oppression of the King of Spain and the Savoyard and oblig'd the latter who was Author of the War to receive such conditions of peace that he pleas'd to prescribe him Repassing the Alps with like celeritie he hath depriv'd us of Privas and taken multitudes of places more by the terror only of his victorious Arms. He is continually assisted by the Cardinal of Richelieu who for the fertility of his Invention for the solidity of his Counsels for the secrecy of his desseins for his hardines in execution and for his addresse in all affairs of consequence I
would acknowledge him the greatest man of Europe were he not born for the ruine of our party and the abolition of the Reformed Religion This young generous warlike King though too much zealoused to Popery following in every thing the counsels of this Priest as Oracles can we doubt but our defence though lawfull as being for Religion and liberty of conscience be not an occasion to him to advance our destruction under pretext of rebellion and felony After all that Gentlemen you must consider that the taking of Rochell hath extinguish'd all Factions throughout the Kingdom which commonly serv'd to the encrease of our party In so much that of three hundred places good and bad which we had formerly in our hands we have not 30. remaining without rents without soldiers or means to put into them all together as many men as would serve to preserve one alone For although our Parsons cry out daily in their Chaires that we ought not to despaire of heavenly succour yet receiving every day proofs of the wrath of the Eternal there is more appearance to expect punishment for our sins then miracles for the re-establishment of our affaires Peradventure you will promise your selfs some great assistance from strangers and specially from Protestants whom the conformity of Religion which ties them to our interests may oblige to assist us in so urgent necessity But I pray consider that the Germans have enough to defend themselfs from the oppression of the Emperour consider the elusions of the Hollander the impuissance of the Savoyard who hath bled at the nose the lightnes of the English who have concluded a peace with France without comprehending us who were the sole object of the war And if you stay for the offers of Spain which loves not our Nation and our Religion lesse know that he studies how to engage us so far against the King that we may become incapable of his grace and that the succours wherewith he will supply us which is but a little money will not serve but to prolong our ruine by enfeebling France by our Civill Wars and intestine broyles For my self I am now as much solicited as ever to abandon you and to take advantagious conditions of his Majesty but I shall never hearken to any thing but wherein you may find your satisfaction in a generall Treaty for the whole Cause as also particularly for your Towns If your wisdoms find it to purpose that it be more expedient to seek our conservation with the exercise of our Religion and liberty of our consciences within the obedience which we owe to our lawfull Prince then in resistance which though just of it self is held by the Enemies of our Faith no other then a Rebellion and high Treason whereby under a more specious pretext to exterminat and destroy us Or if contrary to all appearance of human reason you take a resolution to stiffen your selfs against so victorious and invincible a power I resolve also to incur all hazards with you though I am sory that neither the advancement of the Faith can be found in my resolution nor your security in my danger nor your safety in my losse This studied speech with the sense of the late ill successe and of the Kings power wrought so far upon the Assembly that it extorted a willingnes to submit unto a Treaty which was propounded accordingly so a little after there was a generall peace concluded with the Reformists and the King being in Languedoc where the Plague after this scourge of War was very rife he went therefore himself to Paris and left the Cardinal behind to consummat all things who amongst other places entred Montauban where Espernon met him and reentred into a perfect friendship with him Montauban following the example of all the rest of the Towns dismantled herself of all new fortifications and restor'd the Church lands c. The Cardinall being return'd to Paris the Peace with his Majesty of Great Britain was solemnly renew'd and sworn unto but they of the Religion took it ill that there was no mention at all made of them in the Treaty they having bin declar'd to be the object of Englands last war with France All the Princes were commanded to be at this Ceremony and because a difference did arise for precedency 'twixt forrein Princes of souverain Houses and the naturall sons of Kings a provisional Order was made by the Privy Counsel That every one should take place according to his seniority of age Thus our fourth Lustre of the life of Lewis the thirteenth ends with an Olive branch of a double Peace one with a forren Prince the King of Great Britain which was solemnly sworn unto by both Kings Sir Thomas Edmunds being Ambassadour for the one and the Marquis of New-Castle de Chasteau neuf for the other The second Peace was concluded with his own subjects the whole Body of the Religion whom he had now reduc'd to an exact rule of obedience having seiz'd upon dismantled and secur'd all their praesidiary Towns which were neer upon fifty whereof Montauban was the last that left her Mantle So that they must hereafter depend no more upon Garrisons but Royall Grace A mighty work then which nothing could conduce more to make him so absolut a Monark Thus ends the fourth Lustre The fifth Lustre of the Life of Lewis the thirteenth THe King having with such a strong hand put a period to the Civill Wars in his own Kingdoms by debelling his subjects of the Religion and utterly disabling them from banding against him for the future in dismantling all the tenable Towns they had for their security and disguarding other places they held to the number of three hundred of all Military strength whereby he brought them to depend totally upon his favor for their liberty and the performance of the Edicts granted in their behalfe he now thinks upon another march ore the Alps for the support of the Duke of Mantova once his vassall and still partly so being a Frenchman by birth though not by extraction And this he might now do with lesse fear then formerly having quieted and secur'd all things in France according to the saying Frustrà foris agit bellum qui domi timet incendium He vainly combats abroad who fears combustions at home The Duke of Nevers being now settled in Mantova the French grew powerfull in Italy which the Spaniard could not well disgest Thereupon a Ligue was struck 'twixt the Emperour and him whereinto the Duke of Savoy entred afterward The Emperor questions the Duke of Nevers about Mantova though not for the Title yet for the investiture which he was to receive from him Hereupon he sends an Army to Italy under the command of Colalto a great Captain and Marquis Spinola a greater was Generall for the King of Spain nor was the little Duke Emanuel of Savoy inferior to either who after Henry the Great 's death assum'd to himself the title of the
prime soldier of Europe Now Spinola being tyred with the lingring Low Countrey Wars and having recover'd the honor he had lost before Berghen op some by that notable exploit of taking Breda he procur'd his revokement from that service Being come to Spain there was some clashing 'twixt him and Olivares about accounts yet was he sent to be Governor of Milan and so was made Generall of this War He struck like thunder into Monferrat and took Nizza de la paglia and six places more notwithstanding the opposition of Toiras who had such successe against the English in the Isle of Ré and was now Governor for the King t'other side the Hills and had shut himself in Casal Colalto with the Imperiall Army enters the same time the Territories of Montava and takes Viadana Caneto Gazole Governo and presents himself before Mantova herself where the Venetians had sent 1000. men for the security of the Town As the King of France was preparing for Italy there were two ill-favord accidents happen'd one was that Monsieur being mightily taken in love with the Princesse Mary the Duke of Mantova's daughter for a second wife neither the King nor his Mother would give their consent unto it which in discontentment made him leave France and fly to Lorain this sudden sally was like to breed ill bloud for he publish'd a Manifesto wherein he cast many aspersions upon the present Government and the boundlesse Authority of Richelieu but the businesse was taken up by the ministery of good heads and Monsieur was charm'd to France again by an addition of the Duchy of Valois which was valued at one hundred thousand Franks yeerly to his former apannage The other was an insurrection in Dijon the chief Parlement Town of Burgundy where the King had erected a new Court for the improvement of his revenues The Officers of this new Court grew odious as all Innovations are which made the Populasse to mutiny specially the Vineyard-men who in confused troupes came into Dijon and did many insolences The tumult came to that height and was of that consequence that the King himself went thither in Person to appease it which he did by the assistance and sage conduct of the Duke de Bellegarde he passd ' an Act of abolition provided that a tax should be laid upon the Comminalty for repairing the losses of some of his Officers who had their houses burn'd and were otherwise damnified in this popular fury In the interim the Cardinal with an Army of twenty thousand foot and two thousand horse effectif men were ready to traverse the Alps towards Italy for it was not thought fit the King should venture his own Person in the second Expedition because his Physicians had discover'd some symptomes of an approching sicknes in him The Cardinal was accompagnied with three Marshals Crequy La Force and Schomberg who were all Generals of divers Squadrons but the Cardinal was chiefest Director of the War Nor did he wave the title of Generalissimo Nor do there want presidents in France how Cardinals have bin Generals of Armies which shall be produc'd in the life of Richelieu hereunto annexed The Duke of Savoy was somewat shy to let this Army passe through the body of his Countrey or that there should be staples of corn erected in some Towns for the supply of it which made the Cardinall speak high language demanding passage by vertue of the Articles of the late Peace at Susa So the Duke was willing the Army should passe by the river Dovaire Susine but not by Avigliana and through the Plain of Piemont By this appears in what a disadvantagious posture Nature hath placed some Princes whose Territories are situate 'twixt greater Potentates then themselfs which ofttimes puts them to weare double faces and play with a staff with two ends Such is the condition of the Duke of Savoy who besides the abruptnes and stupendous craggednes of most part of his Countrey is plac'd between two mighty Monarks the Kings of France and Spain and is oftentimes put to his wits end how to comply with both how to put off his hat to the one and how to make a leg to the other The Prince of Piemont came twise to confer with the Cardinall though much ado happen'd for the place of meeting The Prince offer'd in his fathers name to enter into an eternall Ligue with his most Christian Majesty against the Spaniard upon condition they should never disarme till they had made an entire conquest of Milan and Genoa the Cardinal held this proposition extravagant and illusory and made of purpose to render the King odious to Italy by apprehensions of an endlesse war thereupon having receiv'd a positif Commission from the King to make his passage by the sword in case of further delay he marched before Pignerol besieged it and took it whereby there was a double advantage gain'd a free passage for provision from Dauphiné as also that the said Pignerol enchaining as it were France to Italy commanded all the valley of Piemont The taking of Pignerol extremely troubled the Duke of Savoy therefore he had recourse to the Popes Nuncio to stir in the busines for an accommodation of things Signieur Mazarini a moderate and well weigh'd Gentleman was joyn'd with him and the Cardinal being return'd to Lions where the King and two Queens were to give an account how matters stood after much consultation and canvasing of the busines to and fro they propounded certain capitulations which they thought reasonable to both parties The Imperiall and Spanish party though they did not disapprove yet they delay'd to give up their resolution upon the said Articles to gain time and see what successe Colalto should get before Mantova and Spinola before Casal the chief Town of Monferrat Colalto a little after made himself Master of Mantova The French were mov'd at this and that Casal was in so dangerous condition as also that the Duke of Savoy was now arming apace thereupon the King with his Cardinal repasse the Alps with an Army of 23000. foot whereof there were 6000. Suisse and 4000. Liegeois and 2000. horse besides volonteers So he march'd to Chamberry who presently yeelded where Conqueror like he dismiss'd the Dukes Senat and established a Counsell of his own he march'd thence to Constans In the interim Crequy impatroniz'd himself of divers other places in Savoy In the heat of these actions the King had a desire to visit the Queen at Lyon whither he came but falling sick and disabled to return himself he sent the Duke of Monmorency and the Marquis de' Fiat who had bin Ambassador in England with a French Army to joyn with Marshall de la Force t'other side the Hills The Duke of Savoy to prevent this conjunction advanc'd as far as Avigliana with 20000. foot and 4000. horse made up of Spaniards and Germans The Armies met and there were some thousands kill'd on both sides Prince Doria was taken prisoner by the French and
that competency which beasts use to have to satisfie the necessities of Nature for there is not upon earth a more plentiful Countrey and a poorer people generally then the Pesantry of France There vvas another reach of State vvhy the common people vvere kept so poore and indigent vvhich vvas that he might be supplied with soldiers to furnish his Infantry for the vvars vvhereunto necessity vvill drive any one At the sound of his Drum they came alvvaies in multitudes to serve him because he had alvvayes store of treasure to pay them He had at one time above 120000. of them in severall Armies nor vvere there ever such services perform'd by French foot vvho formerly had but small repute in the vvorld vvith these and his cavalry he perform'd such exploits that as I said before posterity must have a strong faith to beleeve them such exploits that Mars himself the ascendent of France might have bin invited to partake of his triumphs vel et ipse vocari Iupiter ad praedam posset With these he drew the overwhelmings of Spain into a narrower channel and put her to cast her policy into a new mould for whereas before she was for many yeers upon the conquering and offensive part she is now content to stand upon her guard and put her self upon the conserving and defensive part By these performances of France against the Monarchy of Spain it visibly appears what advantage a little body that hath his joynts well knit and compacted and hath also his radicall moisture and radicall heat the two gran columns of life dispers'd in equall proportion throughout all parts to actuate the whole and make it vigorous for such is France may have over a huge unweldy bulk whose members by vast uneven distances are so loosly kept together as the Spanish Monarchy is known to be which were she as closely knit as France or the Ottoman Empire either which extends two and thirty hundred miles and but the Hellespont between in one continued peece from Buda in Hungary to Bagdad or Babylon in Asia I say if the modern Monarchy of Spain were so closely united she might compare with the greatest that hath bin yet upon Earth And now will we put an absolut period to the history of the life of Lewis the Thirteenth Which we have illustrated in the best manner we could as also to this Corollary and short transcurrence of his raign which lasted thirty three yeers and his whole life hardly reach'd to forty three a time which as was said before in a well dispos'd body is accounted but the Meridian of manhood whether nature posted away and hastned thus her course in him and made him old before his time by her own weaknes or by accident as some mutter we will not determin but rather give faith to the first cause and to divers dangerous sicknesses whereof he had pass'd the brunt formerly as also to exces of care and intentivenes of mind and personall pains in the war He had a long time to study the art of dying his disease being a Consumption which afforded him space enough to set his House in order He spoak oft times of the troubles of Great Britain in his sicknes and once he was overheard to say that it was a just judgement because his Brother of England would have assisted his subjects once against him So this great King died in the highest glory of his actions for his sayles swell'd with prosperous winds till he came to his last port He had settled all things so exactly that when he came to die he had nothing els to do but to die which he did so gently that it was rather a soft dissolution then death By his high exemplary vertues and strangenes to vice he was a Saint amongst Kings on earth and now may be a King among Saints in heaven whither he went on Ascension day For his acts of prowesse he deserves to have the Alps for his tomb the Pyrenean Mountains for his monument for he made them both to stoop unto him He left his Queen a yeer and some moneths younger then himself Regent as it was her due by Saint Lewis law which she might have clam'd by merit as well as by right for she had bin marvailously complying carefull and indulgent of him A Lady of admirable sweetnes moderation and prudence for she never tamper'd with the Government in his time nor would she meddle with the Election of any Officer or Minister of State nor interpose in any thing but in matters of mercy and pardon and then she would be sure to have an inkling how the King was inclin'd which made her receive few denials so that being much importun'd for Monmorency's pardon whose first crime was the last action of his life she would by no means attempt it The young King was foure yeers and eight moneths old when his father died so that the Queen is to rule in chief till he be fourteen whereby France in statu quo nunc may be said to have fallen under the government of Strangers the Queen Regent being a Spaniard and Mazarini the Prime Minister of State an Italian THE LIFE OF ARMAND IOHN DE PLESSIS Cardinal of RICHELIEU HAving done with the Master we will now descend to his Minister the Cardinal of Richelieu a man so cryed up that every corner of Christendom rang of his report for twenty yeers together nay the walls of the Seraglio ecchoed with his fame and fear of the mighty doings of France which made the Turks to think oftner upon that famous Prophecy they have amongst them that the Ottomans should at last get Kenzal almai the Red Apple which they interpret to be Rome but not long after their Empire should be destroy'd by a Flower by which they think are meant the Freinks He was a Gentleman of very ancient descent for in the Tree of his genealogie I find that by the House of Dreux his Ancestors were allied to Lewis the gros one of the Kings of France and by a direct uninterrupted line he came for thirteene degrees from Father to Son from William of Plessis who was a Gentleman of high account in Philip Augustus time 1179. When his father Francis De Plessis died he was but five yeers old and so remain'd under the tutele of his Mother Susanna de Porta who gave him all the advantagious breeding that could be in Paris where he was born both in an Academy for riding and handling of armes and in the University for learning he made choice of the Colledge of Sorbon to finish the course of his studies where he took the profession of a Theologue and so became a Sorbonist Doctor He had two brothers Francis the eldest was kill'd by the Marquis of Themines in duel Alphonso the second being elected Bishop of Lusson forsook the pomp of the world and betook himself to the austere life of a Carthusian whose rule is never to eat flesh and so resign'd the Bishoprick
Power of vertue in the Proem The Pope refuseth to excommunicat the new King of Portugall 133 Perpignan taken by the French 134 Pope Julius the second 's answer to justifie Churchmens taking up armes in the Proem Profane hyperbole's written of the Cardinal in the Proem Prophetic complement 'twixt Barberino the Pope's Nuncio and the Quene Mother 8 Presents given to the D. of Mayn in Spain being Ambassador 14 Predictions of Henry the Great 's death 4 Predictions of the Duke of Savoyes death 94 Princes daughters subject to a hard fate oft-times 32 The presence of Kings advantagious 20 Popes Generalls 8 Propositions in the Generall Assembly 41 Q Queen Mother of France dieth at Colen 133 A new Queen Regent of France 135 Queen of England receives English prisoners as presents from France 84 R Ravaillaks odd humors 4 Examined 7 His confession death and admired patience 8 Reasons why France broak with Spain in the Proem Reason of the Queen Mothers discontentment ibid. Reason of slownes of speech in Lewes the thirteenth 2 Of the Reformists of France 6 Richer the Syndic of Sorbon opposeth the Popes power 12 The Reformists get advantagious conditions at the Treaty of Lodun 33 A Repartie 'twixt the Spanish and French Ambassadors at Rome upon the Dauphins birth 1 The Reformists outrag'd and some kill'd coming from Charenton 57 The Reformists generally rise up 59 The Reformists generally submit 91 The Rochelers high comportmēt 52 Rochell pitifully complains to the King 69 Rochell besieged by the King in Person 85 Rochell submits her extremities 86 The Duke of Rohan hath privat intelligence with Spain his Agent taken and executed 69 He himself executed in Effigie in Tholouze 86 He was pensioner to the King of Spain and treats with him upon articles 87 His notable speeche to them of the Religion for peace 89 He is wounded before Rhinfeld whereof he dies and is buried at Geneva 118 Certain Rodomontados of the Spaniards 115 Stupendous Rain in Languedoc 105 S Santarellus Book burnt in Paris for hoising the Pope above the King 74 Count of Soissons kill'd neer Sedan 133 Difference 'twixt him and the Cardinal ibid. M. Soubize summond at Saint John d'Angely taken prisoner and releas'd 53 Puts himself in armes again and flies from Royan 59 He takes Blaret Ré and Oleron and hath 70. Sayles of Ships 67 Is beaten at Medoc 67 Flies to England and incites that King to war against France 68 Soubize pensioner to the King of Spain 88 The Spaniards bold speech to the Pope about the Valtoline 70 The Duke of Suillie's blunt answer to Hen. the Fourth about Religion 57 Stuard and Hurtevant executed 38 T Title of the Prince of Wales more ancient then Dauphin 2 The Treaty of Saint Menehou 19 Treaty of Querasque 97 Treaty of Lodun dishonorable to the King 33 Treaty of Monson 71 Trade interdicted 'twixt England and France 76 Tillemont and Diest taken by the French and Hollanders 111 A Trophey erected upon the Alps in honour of King Lewis 87 Pr Tomaso defeated at Avein by Chastillon 111 Prince Tomaso relieves Saint Omer 123 M. de Thermes with divers persons of quality kill'd before Clayrac 56 Trent Counsel refus'd to be publish'd in France and the reasons why 24 V The D. of Vendom apprehended in the Louure got away by a wile 18 His Letters refus'd to be answer'd by the Queen Regent 19 He refuseth to deliver up Blavet 20 Leavies men for the King and then turns them against him 29 D. de la Valette's brave speech before Fontarabia he flies to England is executed in Effigie in Paris 122 W Wars of Iuillers 10 War against the Reformists 51 War in the Valtolin 70 The last War against the Reformists 88 Wallesteins death much lamented by Richelieu A Armand Cardinal of Richelieu his breeding 155 His genealogy 166 His degree of rising 167 He crosseth the Alps in quality of Generalissimo 168 Divers attempts to kill him 169 His death 169 His testament 160 His titles ibid. His Character ibid. Censures upon him 166 Epitaphs good and bad upon him 178 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Junii 3. 1646. Imprimatur NA BRENT fourth Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1611. Anno 1611. Anno 1612. Anno 1612. Anno 1612. Anno 1612. Anno 1612. Anno 1613. Anno 1613. Anno 1613. Anno 1613. Anno 1614. Anno 1614. Anno 1614. Anno 1614. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1617. Anno 1617. Anno 1617. Anno 1618. Anno 1619. Anno 1619. Anno 1619. Anno 1619. Anno 1619. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1622. Anno 1623. Anno 1624. Anno 1624. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1626. Anno 1626. Anno 1626. Anno 1626. 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