Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	ambassador_n	duke_n	king_n	3,787	5	4.1227	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A53322	The voyages and travells of the ambassadors sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia begun in the year M.DC.XXXIII. and finish'd in M.DC.XXXIX : containing a compleat history of Muscovy, Tartary, Persia, and other adjacent countries : with several publick transactions reaching near the present times : in VII. books. Whereto are added the Travels of John Albert de Mandelslo (a gentleman belonging to the embassy) from Persia into the East-Indies ... in III. books ... / written originally by Adam Olearius, secretary to the embassy ; faithfully rendered into English, by John Davies.	Olearius, Adam, 1603-1671.; Mandelslo, Johann Albrecht von, 1616-1644.; Davies, John, 1625-1693.	1669 (1669)	Wing O270; ESTC R30756	1,076,214	584

a Copec This small mony which is also of Silver is so troublesome in the telling and handling that the Muscovites put handfuls of it into their mouths for fear of losing it but so as it no way hinders their speech All their Money is marked at the same corner having on one side the Arms of Mascovy of which we have spoken upon occasion of their Great Seal which Armes were heretofore peculiar only to the City of Novogorod and on the other the Great Duke's name then reigning and that of the City where it was coined There are but four Cities in all Muscovy where mony is coined Moscou Novogorod Tuere and Plesco● The Great Duke farming out the Mint to the Merchants of those places Rixdollers are current in Muscovy but in regard two Dollers outweigh a hundred Copecs by two drams the Muscovites know how to make their advantage of it and so carry them to the Mint as they do also Spanish Reals The Rixdollers they call Ia●●mske from the modern Latin word Ioachimicus which name hath been given that money as well by reason of the effigies of St. Ioachim heretofore stamped upon it as of the City of Iaachimstad in Bohemia where it was first coined in the year 1519. The Great Duke coins no Gold unless it be that to perpetuate the memory of some gread advantage gain'd against his enemies he hath some Medals cast to be afterwards presented to Officers that are Strangers or to be scattered among the Souldiers of the victorious Army He only levies Taxes and impositions and regulates them according to his pleasure so as that he takes five in the hundred upon all Merchandizes upon the Frontiers of his Dominions both coming and going out It is his prerogative to send Ambassadors to the Emperour the Kings of Poland Denmark Sueden and other Princes his Neighbours These Ministers are either Welikoi Posol Grand Courriers or Poslanicks Envoys Heretofore especially in the time of Iohn Basilouits they treated Strangers even the publick Ministers of Princes with much disrespect but now it is otherwise Ambassadors are entertain'd with great civility and their charges defray'd from the day of their entrance into the Great Duke's Dominions to that of their departure thence they are treated at great feasts and have very rich Presents bestow'd on them Whence it comes that other Europaean Princes make no difficulty to send their Ambassadors thither nay some have their ordinary Residents there as the Kings of England and Sueden All the Presents made by the Great Duke consist in Furrs and he never sends any solemn Embassy but it carries such as are very considerable for the Prince to whom it is sent Those which the Great Duke Foedor Iuanouits sent in the year 1595. to the Emperour Rodolph II. were very remarkable which amounted to above a Million of Livers or 100000. sterl viz. onethousand and three Zimmers which we have said elsewhere makes twenty pair and in worth about 100. Crowns in Muscovy of Sables five hundred and nineteen Zimmers of ordinary Martins sixscore black-Fox-skins three hundred thirty seven thousand ordinary Fox-skins three thousand Beavers a thousand Wolf-skins and sixty four Elk's-skins The Poslanicks make no Present from the Great Duke but upon their own account they do as baits to draw in others and if they are not given them they will have the boldness to ask for them They defray foreign Ambassadors not only as to provisions but also provide for the carriage of them and what ever they bring and there are upon the Road appointed stages for the accommodation of their travelling where the Peasants are oblig'd to be ready with a certain number of Horses and to come upon the first order sent them Nor is this done with any grievance to those Peasants for besides a salary of 60 Crowns per an duly paid them they have land enough allow'd them for their subsistence They are freed from Taxes and all other Charges and have the allowance of some Altins every journey they make By this means we travell'd from Novogorod to Moscou above 120. German leagues in six or seven days and in the Winter in four or five 'T is true the Houses where the Ambassadors are lodg'd are so poorly furnish'd that unless a man will be content to ly on the ground or upon a bench he must bring a Bed with him but the Muscovites themselves are no better accomodated Heretofore they shut up the Ambassadors and their retinue in their lodgings kept them in as Prisoners and set Sentinels at the door to hinder them from coming out or if they permitted some of their people to go abroad into the City they were accompany'd by Strelits who observed all their actions but now they are kept in only till the first Audience and in the mean they are visited and entertain'd by two Pristafs whose office it is to see them supply'd with all things necessary These take occasion to ask the Ambassadors what the design of their Embassy is as also to inform themselves whether they have any Presents for the Great Duke and in what they consist not forgetting to ask whether they have also any for them As soon as the Ambassadors have delivered in their Presents the Great Duke causes them to be valu'd by persons that know their worth Heretofore the Ambassadors were entertain'd after their first publick Audience in the Great Duke's Chamber at his own Table but some years since this custom was abolish'd and they send to their Lodgings the Meat design'd for their treatment All Ambassadors who bring Presents thither receive others for themselves and their retinue nay they give Presents to Gentlemen who come thither as Envoys and to all those that bring but so much as a Letter from a forein Prince To make a fuller discovery of the Political Government of Muscovy it will not be much from our purpose by a short digression to give an account of what hath pass'd there within this three hundred years The Great Duke Iohn Basilouits Son of Basili came to the Crown very young in the year 1540. No History of his time but speak of his Wars and the un-heard of cruelties exercis'd by him on all sorts of persons through his whole reign They are so horrid that never any other Tyrant did the like so that Paulus Iovius a Bishop might have forborn giving him that noble quality of a Good and Devout Christian since that it may without any injury to him be said he deserves not to be numbred even among Men. 'T is true he would go often to Church say the Service himself sing and be present at Ecclesiastical Ceremonies and execute the Functions of Monks and Priests but he abus'd both God and Men and had not sentiments of humanity so far was he from having any of piety He had seven lawful wives and by the first two sons Iuan and Foedor that is Iohn and Theodore Being once very angry with the elder he struck

Prophet Those who say the Kings of Persia assume the quality of Choda that is God are mistaken For Chodabende is the proper name of a man as Theodosius Theodore c. and signifies oblig'd to God or a Servant of God though it must be confess'd that these Princes are Vain-Glorious enough to assume extravagant Titles which make them equal to the Sun and Moon and Companions of the Stars Ammianus Marcellinus saies of Sapor King of Persia. T is true on the other side that they are as free to give the same Titles to those Princes of Europe with whom they live in good correspondence for in the Letters which Schach Sefi writ to the Duke of Holstein he gave him the same qualities he assum'd himself They would not have inscriptions of Letters fill'd with the Titles of the Kingdoms and Provinces under their Jurisdiction nay Schach-Abas would have no other title at the head of a Petition than that of Schach and one day said to a man that had set several titles at the head of his Petition Go thy wayes friend thy titles will make me neither more powerfull nor more poor Give me that of Schach since I am so and think that enough Most Authors give the Kings of Persia of the last Race the quality of Sophi and the Kings themselves especially those who have any zeal for their Religion are much pleas'd with the addition of that quality to their titles out of the affection they bear Schich Sofi or Sefi the first Institutor of their Sect as the Kings of France take the quality of most Christian those of Spain that of most Catholick and those of England that of Defenders of the Faith Whence they say Ismael-Sofi Eider-Sofi and of this a man must taxe notice in the reading of their History inasmuch as if he do not he may confound the Names of the Kings and attribute that to one which is to be understood of another The Kingdom of Persia is Hereditary and may be enjoy'd not only by the Children lawfully begotten but also for want of such by natural Children and the Sons of Concubines who inherit the Crown as well as the others nay they are preferr'd before the nearest of the Collateral Kinred and the Nephews since the Sons of Concubines and Slaves are not accounted illegitimate in Persia as we have said elsewhere For want of Sons the Crown falls to the next of Kin by the Father's side descended from Sefi who are as it were Princes of the Blood-Royal and are called Schich Eluend They enjoy many great Privileges and Immunities but many times they are very poor and have much ado to live The Children of the Kings of Persia make the Houses where they are Born Free and they are converted into Sanctuaries insomuch that if the Queen be delivered in any other place besides the Metropolis the House is compass'd with a noble VVall to be distinguish'd from others If we may credit Q. Curtius the antient Arms of Persia were the Crescent as the Sun was that of the Greeks Now the Turks take the Crescent and the Persians the Sun which they commonly put upon the back of a Lion But upon the great Seal of the Kingdom there are only Characters It is about the bigness of a half Crown piece having within the Ring To God alone I Schich Sefi am a Slave with all my Heart and in the Circumference Aly let the World say what it please of Thee yet will I be thy Friend He who before thy Gate does not account himself dust and ashes though he were an Angel dust and ashes be upon his Head In the Letters he sends to Christian Princes he observes this respect that he does not set the Seal on the same side with the Writing but on the other side at the very bottom The Ceremonies performed at the Coronation of the Kings of Persia are not done at Babylon as some Authors would have it believ'd nor yet at Kufa as Minadous affirms but in the City of Ispahan They are not so great as those done at the Inauguration of Kings in Europe They set upon a Table about half an Ell high as many pieces of Tapistry of Gold an Silver or Embroider'd as there have been Kings of the same Family before him who is then to be Crowned so that at the Coronation of Schach Sefi there were eight inasmuch as he was the eighth King of Persia of that House accompting from Ismael the first That done the chiefest of the Chans present him with a Crown which he kisses thrice in the Name of God of Mahomet and of Aaly and having put it to his Fore-head he delivers it to the Grand Master of the Kingdom whom they call Lele who puts it on his Head and then all present make Acclamations of Long live the King God grant that during his Reign one year may be multiply'd to a thousand they kiss his Feet make him great Presents and spend the remainder of the day in Feasting and Merriment There is no such thing among them as the taking of any Oath of Allegiance or obliging the King to swear to the Conservation of the Privileges or Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom in regard their subjection is pure Slavery whereas among Christians the condition of Kings is quite otherwise for the obligation is reciprocal and the Kings are not absolute Lords but are or ought to be Fathers of their people The Kingdom is of great extent Those Provinces which lie most remote from the chief Citie and the ordinary residence of the Kings cannot be governed otherwise than by Governours or Lieutenants who in Persia are called Chans the word not signifying the imployment they have in the said Governments but a quality which all great Lords assume to themselves Of this we shall speak more at large elsewhere and here give a short accompt of the Kings of Persia who have reign'd within these hundred years with some assurance that the Reader will think this digression the less tedious when he finds me positively affirming that there is hardly any Author who hath written the History of them We said before that the Emperour of the Turks when he writes to the King of Persia give him not the quality of Schach but of Schich-Ogli in as much as he is not descended from the antient Family of the Kings of Persia but from a later as we shall now make it appear Hassan Padschach who was sirnamed Vssum Cassan that is to say Grand Signor by reason of the great Wars he managed and where in he was alwayes victorious was of the Family of the Asimbels and liv'd about the end of the fifteenth age He was Governour of Armenia Major and having gain'd several victories over the Turks he reduc'd several Poovinces by force of Arms and among others Persia whereof he made himself King Vssum Cassan had three sons Vnger Mahomed Calul and Iacup The first was strangled by the Father's order

being in danger of sinking two of the four desisted from an enterprise wherein they thought to meet with more danger then in staying a while longer among the Turks so that only two one English man the other a Dutch-man ventured themselves in it All the tackling they had was only two oars and a little Sail all the provisions a little bread and fresh water and so they put to Sea without either Compass or Astrolabe insomuch that being the first day overtaken by Tempest which at every wave fill'd their boat they were forc'd to go as the wind drove them without keeping any course They were continually imploy'd in casting out the water the Sea had spoiled their bread and they were almost quite spent inasmuch as they could not take any rest when they were cast upon the Coasts of Barbary There they found a little wood wherewith they somewhat enlarg'd their boat but they narrowly escap'd being taken and kill'd by the Moors and had much ado to get to Sea again What troubled them most was thirst but they made some shift for that with the blood of some Tortoises they took and at last after ten days floating up and down they arrived upon the Coasts of Spain at the Cape of St. Martin between Alicant and Valentia Those of the Country seeing them at a distance sent a boat to meet them carried them bread and wine treated them very civilly and found them passage for England The sixth of Ianuary being Twelfth-day the King of England touched many that were troubled with the Evil. The Ceremony ended my Lord of Strafford brought me to his Majesty who was pleased to honour me with the kissing of his hand The next day the same Lord procured me the like Honour from the Queen besides which he did me several other extraordinary favours upon all occasions Afterwards I went often to Court where their Majesties were pleased I should entertain them with some particulars of my Travels especially as to what I had observed in Muscovy and Persia I continued at London near three months partly to refresh my self after so long a Voyage and partly in expectation of some mony from my own Prince that I night make some acknowledgments of my Obligations to those who had treated me so kindly from the day of my arrival at Surat to that time and set my self in a posture of returning into my own Country Of the time of my abode in England I spent some at Court where I had made several acquaintances and some in viewing the publick and private Structures of the famous City of London as also several places near it as among others Enfield Tibulls White-Hall Saint Iame's Hampton-Court Windsor Westminster-Hall and the Abbey the Tower Greenwich c. Of the places above mentioned here in England as also some of those he passed through in the Low-Countries the Author gives a short description But in regard what he says of the former is known to most English-men who are in any measure acquainted with the things remarkable in their own Country and what he delivers of the latter affords no extraordinary satisfaction to the curious for whose diversion works of this nature are intended we thought fit to forbear the insertion thereof that we might make the more haste to bring him to the end of his Travels which shall be done according to his ordinary method March the 20. taking water at Graves-end whence I went to Rochester and so came the twenty fourth to Dover The next day I embarked thence for Dunkirk whither I got the same day The next I embarked thence for Newport where I stayed only one night and got the next day to Bruges The 29th I came to Gaunt which I left the first of April and got that night to Brussels the chief city of the Dutchy of Brabant At Brussels I staid two dayes and came the fourth to Louvain which I left the fifth and got the same day to Macchlin about four Leagues distant from Louvain The 6th I left Macchlin and came to A●werp where having staid two dayes and leaving it the ninth I got the next day to Breda where I stayed only the remainder of it and went the next day to Bois-le-due or Bold●e five Leagues from Bred● April the twelfth I went to Saint Gertrudenberg with an intention there to take boat for Rotterdam as I did the same day The thirteenth I came to Rotterdam whence I went the same day to Delf thence to the Hague thence to Leiden and thence to Haerlem The City is the biggest of any in Holland next Amsterdam and pretends to the invention of PRINTING and would have the Glory of it due to one of its Citizens named Laurence C●ster who in the year M. CCCC.XX framed the first Characters of Beech-wood and afterwards found out the Ink now used by Printers nay changed the Wooden Characters into Leaden ones and afterwards those into Tin●e in so much that in the year 1440. the Mystery was almost in its perfection They are so fully perswaded as to this in the City of Haerlem that the Senate would Eternize the Memory of LAVRENCE COSTER by the Inscription set upon the House he lived in Which is this MEMORIAE SACRUM TYPOGRAPHIA ARS ARTIUM OMNIUM CONSERVATRIX NUNC PRIMUM INVENTA CIRCA ANNUM M. CCCC.XL I left Haerlem about six in the Evening and came at nine the same night to Amsterdam Of this place I had heard so much even in the Indies that I had framed to my self a certain Idaea of its greatness but what the more surprised me was That going out of my Lodging the next morning I had much ado to get through the thro●g of people walking up and down the Streets in such numbers as if there had been some Faire All the other parts of the World seem'd to have sent their Factours thither and that the East and North had brought thither all their Commodities whereof there were in the ●●ops 〈◊〉 the Patterns whereas the main Stock was disposed into Store-houses publick Weighing-places upon sledges in the streets upon the Kayes in the flat-bottomed boats which unload the great Ships and others which serve for Store-houses for the Wheat It was at some los● which I should rather admire in that great City whether the Commerce of it which is greater then that of all the other Cities of the Low-Countries put together the neatness of its Streets especially that of the New City the sweetness and cleanlines of its house the Magnificence of its publick and private Structures the abundance of Ships and Barks which come thither and go thenec every day the largeness of its Port wherein there are at all times seven or eight hundred Ships or the Order and Policy observed by the Magistrate in all things relating to the 〈◊〉 of the City the well f●●e of its Inhabitants and the improvement of Trade by which only the City subsists and causes to subsist that powerful State whereof it