him said an Anker was a token of safety and not of delay vvhereupon Seleucus euer after vsed an Anker in his signet Alexander returned from India to Babilon sayling in the â—ends a suddaine vvind did blow of his diadem into a place of reeds in which stoode the sepulchre of an ancient King which was held to be a token of his death Of Maiestie The fountaine of all excellent manners 〈◊〉 Maiestie being the whole proportion and figuâ—â— of noble estate and properly a beauty or comlinesse in the countenaunce language gestureâ— which doth cast vpon the beholders bearers a fearefull reuerence THere was in the Emperour Augustus â— natiue maiestie for from his eyes issued raies or beames which pierced the eyes oâ— the beholders Sueto The Frenchman that came to kill Marius when he saw his countenance ran from him crying that he had no power to kil him App VVhen Vlisses ship and men had suffereâ—â— shipwrack and he hardly escaped being caâ—â— all naked vppon the coast of the Pheacaes the Kings daughter sent him a mantle vvho comming to the King presented such a wonâ—derful maiestie in his lookes and speech thaâ— Alcinous vvished Vlisses woulde take his daughter Nausicaa to wife Homer The people wondering at his maiesty honoured him with sundry presents at theyâ— owne charges conueied him to Ithaca Scipio beeing in his manour place called Linternum diuers notorious theeues Pyâ—ats came onely to see his person of vvhose â—ame they had heard so large reports but he not knowing this theyr intent armed hymselfe to make defence vvhich the Captaine perceiuing dispatched his followers layâ—ng downe his vveapons said That they came not as enemies but wondering at his vertue and valour vvhervpon Scipio entertained theÌ„ Calphurnius Crassus conspiring vvith others the death of Nerua he knowing thereof placed them next to him at a publique show and not fearing danger being strengthened with a great mind gaue them swords ready drawne and asked them whether they vvere sharpe enough who taking the swords in their hands had no power to hurt him At the beginning wheÌ„ the multitude of people were oppressed by them that abounded in possessions riches they espying some one which excelled in vertue and fortitude repaired to him who ministing equity when hee had defended the poore froÌ„ iniurie retained together the greater persons with the inferiour in an equall and indifferent order wherfore they called that man a king which is to say a Ruler Belus the sonne of Nemrod vvas the firâ—â— King in the vvorld The auncient Egiptians called theyr kingâ— Epiphanes and had this custome that they should enter the Temple barefooted and because one of them came to the Church otherwise he vvas deposed and that name oâ— dignitie ceased They likewise called theyr Kinges Pharaones the Bithinians Ptolomaei the Latines Murani the Parthians Arsacides the Albanes Syluij the Sicilians Tyrants the Argiues Kings Nabuchad-nezzar intiteled himselfe King of Kings Alexander king of the world Demetrius conquerer of Citties Mithridates restorer of the vvorld Attyla the vvhyp of Nations Tamberlaine the scourge of God Dyonisius the hoast of men Cyrus the last of the Gods Henry the eyght king of England defender of the fayth Charles King of Fraunce the most christian king Alphonso King of Spayne the Catholicke king Thys Alphonso dyd first begin to make Bishops houses ioyning to the Cathedral Churches to the end that neyther colde in VVinter nor heate in Sommer might hinder their residencie In the Country of the Sydonians there vvas Dynastia which vvas called a linage of Kings that endured two hundred twentie fiue yeeres because all those Kings were of a good and vertuous conuersation The authority of Kings hath euer been accounted a thing diuine for Homer and Isocrates write that hee who gouerneth alone representeth a diuine maiestie In Egypt of Phylosophers they did chuse theyr Priests and of Priests their Kings with whom it was a law inuiolable that the King which had beene vvicked in his life shoulde not be buried after his death In the Ile Tabrobana kinges are chosen by election and not by blood Solinus Syllas dictatorship vvas called a negatiue ordained kingdom Appian The olde Romaine Kinges did vveare no crownes but held scepters in their hands of the vvhich Tarquinius was the last for that his sonne rauished Lucrecia the vvife of Collatinus Iustinus Plato following the fiction of Homer dyd write that kings children vvere composed of a precious masse to be seperated from the common sort Homer named kings Diogenes that is the generation of Iupiter and Diotrophes nourished by Iupiter and Aristes which Plato interpreteth to be the familiars of Iupiter and his disciples in politicke sciences The Kings of Persia in their priuie Chambers dispatched their greater matters themselues and left those of lesse consequence to their Princes It vvas a custome amongst the auncienâ— kings to put questions one to another to try the abilitie of theyr wits and certaine praiseâ— rewards were appointed to them that excelled Plutarch Salomon sent riddles problemes to king Hiram vvhom it cost very much because he could not assoile them vntill at length hee founde a young man of Tyrus called Abaâ—mon vvho deciphered vnto him the mosâ— part of them Dion The Kings of Persia shewed themselues more subiect to lawes then thir lords Zonaâ— The Kings of Lacedemonia did monthly sweare to guide themselues according to the Lavves and the Ephori tooke an oath in the behalfe of the people to see it executed Antiochus told his sonne Demetrius that their kingdome vvas a noble slauery There vvas foure Kings Princes which â—ad but one eye a peece Philip Alexanders â—ather Antigonus king of Macedonia Haâ—iball of Carthage and Sertorius a Romain The first lost his eye at Methon the second â—t Perinthia the third vpon the Alpes the â—ourth in Pontus Plutarch Alphonsus vvas the first king of Lusitania the sonne of Henry Loraine and Tiretia the â—ase daughter of Alphonsus king of Castile â—n one battaile he ouercame 5. princes of the Sarazines and therefore in his shielde bare 5. seuerall coates of honour Cor. Agrippa Pharamond sirnamed VVarmond vvas the first King of Fraunce vvho came out of Germanie hee bare in his shielde three blacke Toades Of Monarchies A Monarchie most significatly representeth the diuine regiment wherin absolute soueraigntie consisteth in one onely Prince who commaundeth all and is not to be commaunded of any THE latter Romaines had a Duarchie vvhich is comprehended vnder the gouernment Oligarchie their Empire was deuided into two partes the one Emperour of the East the other of the VVest Eutrop. Aristocratie is the rule or power of the best and most vertuous men approued for good lyfe and vvisedome directing their thoughts to no other end then a generall profit Oligarchie is wheÌ„ a fevv noble or rich men gouerne the Common-wealth reiecting the poore and baser sort Timocratie is the power of meane or indifferent vvealth gouerning by some
chosen pope but not by all parties and therfore the Emperor appoynted Octauius whom he called Victor the fourth after whose death three Popes succeeded in order Paschalis Calixtus and Innocentius against Alexander hee trod vpon the Emperours necke who sued being excommunicated to be vbsolued dyed 1181. Lucius the third a Thuscane borne of an honourable house enioyed the popedome with much trouble he died at Verona anno 1185. Vrbanus the third for his seditious troublesome dealing was called Turbanus hee dyed anno 1188. Gregory the eight was carefull for the recouery of the Holy land vvho going to stirrre vp the Pisans and Genowais in this matter he was poysoned when he had raigned two moneths Clement the third after the death of VVilliam King of Sicill who had no heire claymed it to bee tributary to the Church of Rome but the people chose TraÌ„cred bastard to King VVilliam who withstoode the pope and his forces he dyed 1191. Celestine the third crowned Henry the sixt Emperour and put the crowne vpon his head with his foote whilst hee stooped and then spurned it off saying I haue power to make and vnmake Emperours at my pleasure he dyed 1198. Innocentius the third enraged that Phillip vvas made Emperour agaynst his vvill sayde Eyther shall the Pope spoyle Phillip of his crowne and Empire or else shall Phillippe take from the Pope his Apostolicall dignitie Hee stirred vppe Otho a Duke against him and by another Otho he vvas slayne who vvas afterwardes made Emperour by the Pope He excommunicated Otho and spoyled him of al his estate creating in his place Frederick the second he also excommunicated and cursed king Iohn of England but by submission hee receaued his crowne of Pandolphus the Popes Legate he dyed 1216. Honorius the third graunted Archbishops power to giue pardons faculties dispensations dualities pluralities within theyr Diocesse being sicke of the spirituall dropsie he dranke vp the treasures gf the Clergy and had two Prebends of euery cathedrall Church in England one of the Bishops stipend and the other from the Charter as Matheus Parisius writeth in his time it rayned blood for the space of three dayes in Rome he dyed 1227. Gregory the ninth maintayned the quarell of Honorius against the Emperour whom he excommunicated and cursed three times as Abbas Vspergensis wryteth vvhilst the Emperour was warring in the Holy land he tooke Apulia into his possession he made the diuision in Italy betweene the Guelphs and Gibelines he died for thought that the Emperours power preuailed agaynst him 1241. Caelestine the fourth an aged man purposed to pursue the quarrell against Frederick but that he was poysoned the 18. day of his raigne Innocentius the fourth deposed Frederick from the Empire cursed his sonne Conradus in his time by a counsell held at Lions it was decreed that the Cardinals should ride on their trapped Iennets throgh the streets and weare red hats crimson robes to signifie sayth Parisius that they are ready to spend theyr blood for the catholique fayth but as Platina wryteth for the honour of their estate Robert Grosted Bishop of Lincolne detested and defied both in preaching and wryting this popes couetousnes pride and tirany nor would admit an vnlearned youth to a canoniship of Lincolne but rebuked the pope for it in a letter Cestensis in his seauenth booke wryteth that when this Bishop of Lincolne dyed a voyce was heard in the popes Court saying Veni miser in iudicium Dei Come thou wretch to be iudged of God and that the pope was found dead in his bed the next day a blew stroke vpon his body as though he had been beaten with a staffe anno 1253 he being at Naples and gaping for the kingdome of Sicill Alexander the fourth persecuted the King of Sicill and in his time anno 1258. Richard Earle of Cornwall sonne to King Iohn of England was chosen King of Almaine for his great treasure and the pope procured that he was chosen Emperour but he did that closely because hee had likewise for the same matter taken a bribe of Alphonsus King of Spaine wher-vpon a Poet made this verse Nummus ait pro me nubet Cornubia Romae Thus money sayth for loue of me Cornwall with Rome shall linked be This Pope dyed anno Domini 1262. Vrban the fourth before Patriarch of Ierusalem as soone as he was pope commaunded Souldiours out of Fraunce to subdue Manfred the enemy of their Church vvhile this pope was from Rome at Pruse the Romains coueting their old liberties made a new kind of officers calling them Branderesies vvho had power of life death in their hands Mascaeus sayth that a blazing starre appeared three nights before the death of Vrban and ceased the same night he dyed 1264. Clement the fourth before he came to be Pope was a maried man and had three children by his wife hee sent for Charles Earle of Aniow to bring an Army into Italy where he slew Manfred and was made King of Sicill and Ierusalem vpon condition that he should pay yerely to the pope forty thousand crownes hee dyed at Viterbium 1270. and the seate was void two yeares Gregory the 10 of the house of Millaine made peace betweene the Venâ—tiuns and Genevvayes hee excommunicated the Florentines After the Empire had beene voyde a long time he made Rodolphus Earle of Haspurg Emperour because he should maintaine ciuill dissention after that Alphonsus king of Spayne had bestovved huge summes of money in hope to be Emperour especially the Duke of Cornvvall beeing deade the Pope appeased him with words enough but no recoÌ„pence in mony toward his charges Hee died at Arelium in the fift yeere of his popeship is there buried who neuer cam to Rome nor saw it Parisius Innocentius the 5. dyed the same yere that Gregory did raigning but 6. months Hadrian the 5. died at ViterbiuÌ„ ere he was coÌ„secrated Pope 40. daies after his election Iohn the 22. a Phisition by profession succoured with money and ecclesiasticall lyuings diuers young men that vvere toward in learning and especially the poorest Hee prophecied by the course of starres that hee should lyue long but vvhilst he vvas vainely vaunting thereof the Chamber vvherein he vvas fell down suddenly Valerius calleth the place which fel down Gamesters hall and Stella the Popes precious Chamber for the gorgiousnes therof he raigned 8. months Nicholas the 3. by his falshoode brought Flaunders Bononia and the royalty of Rauenna vvhich long time belonged to the Emperour vnder his owne power he dyed suddenly of an Apoplexie without speaking any word ann 1281. Martin the 4. bestowed great priuiledges vpon the begging Friers and as hee was taking his accustomed recreation vvith hys Cardinalls as Carsulanus writeth a certain secret disease came vppon him whereof hee dyed an 1285. This Pope in the first yeere of his raigne receiued into his familiarity the Concubine of his predecessor Nicholas but to auoyde the like chaunce that his child
their lifes he dyed a Martir 243. Fabian a Romaine as hee was returning home out of the field and with his Countrâ— men present to elect a new Byshop there was a Pidgeon seene standing on his head and sodainly he was created Pastour of the Church which he looked not for as Eusebius writeth hee suffered martirdome vnder Decius 150. Some write that he baptized Philippus the first Emperour and that hee was the first that acknowledged the Christian faith Cornelius a Romaine was Bishop in the time of Decius the seauenth persecutour of Rome vnder whom he was martyred hee condemned the heresie of Nouatius Lucius a Romaine driuen into Exile by Gallus Hostilianus the persecutors of Christianity was comforted of S. Cyprian by letters he after his death returned to Rome and was put to death by Valerianus commaundement 255. Stephen a Romaine borne succeeded him who in the raigne of Galienus after he had conuerted many of the Gentiles to the faith of Christ was beheaded 257. Sixtus the second a Grecian of a Philosoâ—her became a Disciple of Christ and with many thousands of Martyrs was slaine in the â—ersecution of Decius and Valerius 267. â— Lawrance loued this Bishop euen to the â—eath of the which the one was slaine with â—he sword the other broyled to death vpon â— Gridiron In his time anno 260 one Paule terrified with the persecution got him into the VVildernes and solitary places and so became the first Eremite for that time as Eusebius sayth many Christians for feare of death denied their faith vpon this Monks had theyr beginning as Hierome writeth in the life of this Paule the Eremite Dionysius a Grecian as appeareth by the Church of Antioche 273. did conuince of error Paulus Samosatenus notwithstanding he could not be there himselfe by reason of his age hee conuerted to Christianity the daughter of the Emperour Decius and Triphonia her mother with 46. thousand more and at the length was martyred with them and many other at Salarie gate 277. Felix a Romaine beeing a good man and of vpright conuersation preached the Gospell vvhen Aurelianus did persecute the church vnder whom he sufferd martirdom Eutichianus a Thuscane wholy giuen to godlines saued many by his preaching the Gospell he buried with his own hands 342. Martirs and appoynted afterward an order for burying of them he in the end was a martyr himselfe 283. Caius borne in Dalmatia neere in blood to Dioclesian the Emperor was a most worthy president in the church of God he made the difference of Clergy amongst theÌ„ by degrees so that froÌ„ one degree to another they should arise to the estate of a Bishop in time of the persecution he with his brother Gabinius hid themselues in a Caue from whence being taken they were both slaine with the sword Marcellinus a Romain being terrified with the persecutors tirany vnder Dâ—oclesian and MaximiniaÌ„ he offered vnto the Idols a grain of Frankensence but after this deede repenting reproued Dioclesian to his face offering himselfe willingly to death for the truth of Christ he preuailed receauing the crowne of martirdome 303. Marcellus a Romain endeuored to remoue Maximianus froÌ„ persecuting the Saints but his hart being hardned coÌ„manded him to be â—eaten with cudgels to be driueÌ„ out of the City wherupon he went to the house of Lucina a widow there he kept the congregation secretly which Maximilianus hearing made a stable for Cattle of the same house coÌ„mitted the keeping of it to Marcellus after this he gouerned the churches by his epistles being thus daily tormeÌ„ted with stink noisomnes he gaue vp the ghost 308. Eusebius a Grecian gouerned the Church in the great storme of persecution vnder Maxentius vntill he died by martirdome as Massaeus writeth 309. Melchiades for preaching the truth suffered death vnder Maximinianus Galerius the Emperour 314. Syluester the first for feare of the persecution of Maximinianus liued solitarily in the hill Soracte but it pleased god to lay his hand vpon the persecutor forcing him to reuoke his dedly decrees against the Christians who died a miserable death in his torments acknowledged Christ Iesus repenting his bloody persecuting the cause of this his wofull end Siluester returned to Rome was the first romain Bishop that escaped martirdom he died a confessor 234. He condemned the heresie of Arrius in the counsell of Nice Constantine for the loue and zeale that he beare to the Church with other Christian Princes did endue the Pastours therof with many large benefits riches and possessions who lyuing in wealth and ease began to aduance themselues in dignity aboue their former estate putting rich miters vppon theyr heads and taking vppon them the name of Archbishops At the first in the Church deuotion bred wealth but the daughter choaked the mother engendered the monster Ambition who also like the cursed Impe of the bastard her mother did at the ende deuoure her Grandmother Religion Marcus a Romaine commanded that the people and the Clergy should on Sondayes after the Gospell were reade sing the Nicean Creede he builded Churches and gaue many gifts vnto them and dyed a Confessour 335. Iulius the first a Romaine as Platina wryteth appoynted certaine notaries to write the actts of other men the which office is yet about the Pope he caused also Churchyards to be made died a Confessour 351. Liberius a Romaine as Hierome witnesseth for ambition became an Arrian forsooke the true faith and subscribed to Arrius â—rticles dyed a Confessour 366. Faelix the second a Romaine was preferred by the Arrians who deposed Liberius aduanced him because they hoped he agreed with them in opinion but in the second yere he was depriued of his seate and Liberius restored and in the yeare of our Lord 359. he with other spyrituall persons was slaine in a tumult Damasus a Spaniard allowed Hieromes translation of the Bible whose notary he had beene in his youth he writ the lifes deeds of the Byshops of Rome and dyed a Confessour 384. Siricius a Romaine was the first that admitted Monkes into orders for pretence of single life who before were neuer reckoned to be as Clarks he mingled the Antiphones with the Psalmes dyed a Confessor 399. Anastasius a Romayne appoynted that whilst the Gospell was reading the people should stand he dyed a Confessour 404. Innocentius borne in Albania would haue the Sea of Rome to be iudged of none and died a Confessour 416. Sozimus a Grecian suppressed the Nouatian heretiques in Rome and dyed a Confessour 420. Boniâ—acius a Romaine decreed that Saints euenings should be kept and dyed a confessour 426. Caelestinus borne in Campania sent Germanus into England Paladius into Scotland and Patricke with a certaine Segetian into Ireland to roote out the Pelagian heresie he dyed a confessour 435. Sixtus the third a Romain called the enricher of Churches appoynted a yearely feast day in honor of Peters chaines to be kept at midsommer dyed