of his being seized of the Castle Honour and Lordships of Arundel in his own demesn as of Fee in regard of this his possession of the same Castle Honour and Lordships and without any other consideration or creation to be an Earl was Earl of Arundel Parl. 11. H. 6. and the Name State and Honour of the Earl of Arundel c. peaceably enjoy'd as appears by a definitive Judgment in Parliament in favour of John Fitz-Alan challenging the Castle and Title of Arundel 5 By virtue of an entail against John Mowbray Duke of Norfolk the right heir by his mother in the nearest degree From whence we gather That the Name State and Dignity of an Earl was annex'd to the Castle Honour and Lordship of Arundel as may be seen in the Parliament-Rolls An. 27 Hen. 6. out of which I have copy'd these notes word for word Of these Fitz-Alans 6 Edmund second Earl son to Richard marry'd the heir of the Earl of Surrey and was beheaded through the malicious fury of Q. Isabel not lawfully convicted for that he oppos'd himself in King Edw. the 2d's behalf against her wicked practices His son Richard petition'd in Parliament to be restor'd to blood lands and goods for that his father was put to death not try'd by his Peers according to the Law and Great Charter of England Nevertheless whereas the Attainder of him was confirm'd by Parliament he was forc'd to amend his Petition and upon the amendment thereof he was restor'd by the King 's meer grace Richard his son as his grandfather died for his Sovereign 4 Edw. 3. lost his life for banding against his Sovereign K. Richard 2. But Thomas his son more honourably ended his life serving King Henry 5. valorously in France and leaving his sisters his heirs general Sir John of Arundel Lord Maltravers his next Cousin and Heir Male obtain'd of K. Henr. 6. the Earldom of Arundel as we even now declared See before the Earls of Surrey and also was by the said King for his good service created Duke of Touraine Of the succeeding Earls I find nothing memorable the 11th liv'd in our time and dying without issue male was succeeded by Philip Howard his grandson by his daughter who not being able to digest wrongs and hard measure put upon him by the cunning tricks of some invidious persons fell into the snare they had laid for him and being brought into the utmost danger of his life dy'd But his son Thomas a most honourable young Gentleman ennobled with a fervent desire and pursuit after virtue and glory worthy his great birth and of an affable obliging temper was restor'd by King James and had all his father's honours return'd him by Act of Parliament Except the Castle and it's Earls Arundel hath nothing memorable for the College that there flourish'd and had the Earls for it's founders it's revenues being alienated now falls to decay Nevertheless there are some monuments of the Earls in the Church amongst the rest one of Alabaster very fair and noble in which in the middle of the Quire lie Earl Thomas and Beatrix his Wife 2d Daughter of John King of Portugal Neither must I pass by this Inscription very beautifully gilt set up here to the honour of Henry Fitz-Alan the last Earl of this Line since some possibly may be pleas'd with it VIRTUTI ET HONORI SACRUM MAGNANIMUS HEROS CUJUS HIC CERNITUR EFFIGIES CUJUSQUE HIC SUBTER SITA SUNT OSSA HUJUS TERRITORII COMES FUIT SUI GENERIS AB ALANI FILIO COGNOMINATUS A MALATRAVERSO CLUNENSI ET OSWALDESTRENSI HONORIBUS EXIMIIS DOMINUS INSUPER AC BARO NUNCUPATUS GARTERIANI ORDINIS EQUESTRIS SANE NOBILISSIMI SODALIS DUM VIXIT ANTIQUISSIMUS ARUNDELIAE COMITIS GUILIELMI FILIUS UNICUS ET SUCCESSOR OMNIUMQUE VIRTUTUM PARTICEPS QUI HENRICO VIII EDWARDO VI. MARIAE ET ELIZABETHAE ANGLIAE REGIBUS A SECRETIS CONSILIIS VILLAE QUOQUE CALESIAE PRAEFECTURAM GESSIT ET CUM HENRICUS REX BOLONIAM IN MORINIS OBSIDIONE CINXERAT EXERCITUS SUI MARESCALLUS PRIMARIUS DEINDE REGIS FUIT CAMERARIUS EJUSQUE FILIO EDWARDO DUM CORONARETUR MARESCALLI REGNI OFFICIUM GEREBAT EIQUE SICUT ANTEA PATRI CAMERARIUS FACTUS REGNANTE VERO MARIA REGINA CORONATIONIS SOLENNI TEMPORE SUMMUS CONSTITUITUR CONSTABULARIUS DOMUSQUE REGIAE POSTMODUM PRAEFECTUS AC CONSILII PRAESES SICUT ET ELIZABETHAE REGINAE CUJUS SIMILITER HOSPITII SENESCALLUS FUIT ITA VIR ISTE GENERE CLARUS PUBLICIS BENE FUNCTIS MAGISTRATIBUS CLARIOR DOMI AC FORIS CLARISSIMUS HONORE FLORENS LABORE FRACTUS AETATE CONFECTUS POSTQUAM AETATIS SUAE ANNUM LXVIII ATTIGISSET LONDINI XXV DIE FEBRUARII ANNO NOSTRAE SALUTIS A CHRISTO MDLXXIX PIE ET SUAVITER IN DOMINO OBDORMIVIT JOANNES LUMLEY BARO DE LUMLEY GENER PIENTISSIMUS SUPREMAE VOLUNTATIS SUAE VINDEX SOCERO SUAVISSIMO ET PATRONO OPTIMO MAGNIFICENTISSIME FUNERATO NON MEMORIAE QUAM IMMORTALEM SIBI MULTIFARIIS VIRTUTIBUS COMPARAVIT SED CORPORIS MORTALIS ERGO IN SPEM FELICIS RESURRECTIONIS RECONDITI HANC ILLI EX PROPRIIS ARMATURIS STATUAM EQUESTREM PRO MUNERE EXTREMO UBERIBUS CUM LACHRYMIS DEVOTISSIME CONSECRAVIT That is Sacred to Virtue and Honour The Valiant Heroe whose Effigies you here see and whose Bones are buried underneath was Earl of these parts he had his Sirname by being the son of Alan and moreover took the honourable titles of Lord and Baron from Maltravers Clun and Oswaldestre he was Knight of the Garter and liv'd to be the Senior of that Noble Order only Son to William Earl of Arundel and heir both of his Estate and Virtues He was Privy Counsellor to Henry 8. Edward 6. Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth Kings and Queens of England Governour of Calais and when Bologne a town of the old Morini was besieg'd by that King Henry was Marshal of the Army He was afterwards Lord Chamberlain to the said King and at the Coronation of his son Edward exercis'd the Office of Marshal of England to which King he was Lord Chamberlain as he had been to his Father Upon Queen Mary's coming to the Crown he was made High-Constable of England for the Coronation afterwards Steward of her Houshold and President of the Council which honour he had under Queen Elizabeth to whom he was likewise Steward of the Houshold Thus this person noble by birth by the honourable discharge of Offices more noble and most of all so by his great Exploits at home and abroad with his honour untainted his body broken and worn out with age in the 68. year of his life dy'd in the Lord devoutly and comfortably at London on the 25. of February in the year of our Lord 1579. John Lumley Baron of Lumley his most dutiful and disconsolate son in Law and Executor with the utmost respect put up this Statue with his own Armour after he had been buried in great pomp for the kindest of Fathers-in-Law and the best of Patrons as the
dissolution of Religious houses came to the Crown as also certain rents there belonging to a brotherhood of the Blessed Virgin call'd our Lady's Rents all which were by Queen Elizabeth in the fourth year of her reign granted to the Mayor Bayliffs and Burgesses of Wicomb for the maintenance of a free Grammar-School and certain Alms-people there Since which time the Rents being improv'd more Alms-people have been maintain'd and An 1684. new Alms-houses were erected and built There is no doubt but Wic signifies sinus and that it gives name to several towns in England but the rule ought not to be general because it signifies as well vicus or castellum in which latter sense it is us'd particularly in the Saxon Norð-Æ¿ic Norwich d The Thames having pass'd by Eaton Eaton receives the river Cole upon which stands Colebrook the Pontes of Antoninus though Stow Harrison Hluyd Leland c. had rather remove it to Reading in Berkshire Upon this occasion our Author mentions Ponthieu as coming to the crown of England by Edward the first 's Queen who had it in right of her mother †Dâ— Tillet Recueil de Râ—ys de France The mother was Joan second wife to Ferdinand third King of Castile daughter and heir to Simon Earl of Ponthieu Higher upon the back of the Cole stands Euer Euer which took its name from Roger de Ivery who came in with the Conquerour and had this among other possessions bestow'd upon him The manour our Author tells us was given to John de Clavering by King John ‖ Dugd. Bar. T. 1. p. 107. but before that it was granted to Robert his father by Richard 3. anno regni 9. and his son had only a confirmation of it from King John anno regni 14. e At a little distance from the river is Stoke-Pogeois Stoke-Pogeois which Mr. Camden says came from the Pogeis hereditarily to the Hastings It first descended by marriage to the Molins from them to the Hungerfords and by Thomas Lord Hungerford's daughter and sole heir being married to Edward Lord Hastings and Hungerford to the Hastings In this parish-Church George and Anne the first Earl and Countess of Huntingdon lye interr'd which probably might induce Edward Lord Hastings of Loughborough their third son greatly favour'd and advanc'd by Queen Mary to found an Hospital here which still remains and whither he himself upon the death of that Queen retir'd to a house adjoyning and there dy'd He is bury'd in a Chapel built by him for the use of the Hospital f Passing the hills which divide this County we come to the western-part of it where Ickford Ickford upon the river Tame is thought to be the place of Treaty between King Edward and the Danes An. 907. call'd by the Saxons Yttingaford I had once thought that some remains of that name might still be in Itene for so New-forest in Hamshire was formerly call'd or Ifford near Christ-Church in Hamshire but Brompton's writing the place Ichingford seem to favour the first conjecture g Farther north is Borstal Borâ—tal famous for the garrison in the time of K. Ch. 1. It was given together with the Rangership of the forest of Bernwood by one of the Williams to Nigel of Borstal by the livery of a horn which is still preserv'd This seat through several heirs females of divers names came to the Denhams and from thence by one of the daughters of Denham to the family of Lewis of Wales whose daughter and heir now enjoys it h Passing to the east we are led to the fruitful Vale of Alesbury wherein one lately entire pasture call'd Beryfield Beryfield now part of the inheritance of Sir Robert Lee Baronet in the manour of Quarendon is let yearly for 800 l. At the town of Alesbury Alesbâ—â—y our Author informs us of an odd sort of tenure on condition to find straw for the King's bed * Placit Câ—â—on de â—no 14 Ed. 〈◊〉 It was held by William of Alesbury and beside that service he was likewise to straw his chamber and to provide him three eeles whenever he should come thither in winter If he came in summer besides straw for the bed he was to provide sweet herbs for the King's chamber and two green-geese All which he was to do thrice every year if the King came so often thither The town has given the title of Earl to Robert Bruce created by K. Charles 2. An. 1664. i Not far from hence is Upper Winchindon Upper Wâ—â—chindon a seat of the Lord Wharton †Dugd Baâ—â— T. 3 p. 3â—â— which probably came to that family by Philip Lord Wharton marrying Jane the daughter and heir of Arthur Godwin of that parish Esq to whose family our Author observes it formerly belong'd k Upon the Ouse lyes Bitlesden Bitlesden on the mention whereof Mr. Camden says that Osbert de Clinton was Chamberlain to King Henry 1. He certainly liv'd later for in 10 Henr. 2. ‖ Dugd Bâ—â—â— T. 1. p. 522. I find him mention'd as then living Geffrey Clinton the first of that family was indeed Lord Chamberlain to King Henry 1. and was succeeded by his son of the same name l The same river carries us to Buckingham Buckingham * Paroch Ant qâ— ty Mr Kâ—â—â—â— p. 7. near which town upon the banks of the Ouse Aulus Plautius's first victory over the Britains seems to have been gain'd Near the Church was once a stately Prebend-house belonging to the Church of Lincoln which was endow'd with Lands of 1000 l. per An. Here was also a Chapel call'd St. John Baptist's founded by Thomas Becket and now converted into a Free-school m In this Hundred is Caversfield Caversfieâ—â— whether so call'd from Carausius as if one should say Carausius's field I dare not be positive †Paroch Ant. p. 1â— However 't is very probable from the circumstances that this is the very place where Allectus slew Carausius in battel BEDFORD SHIRE By Robt. Morden n Not far from hence upon the same river is Stony-stratford â—â—â—ny-â—â—â—tford where our Author mentions a Cross erected in memory of Eleanor Edward the first 's Queen She dy'd at Hareby in Lincolnshire and such crosses were erected between that and Westminster in all places where the corps rested Our Author is enclin'd to believe that this is the old Lactorodum for so he writes it though it is more commonly Lactadorum and sometimes Lactodrodum and Lactorudum â—urton's â—â—erar 〈◊〉 3. â—e Bel. 〈◊〉 l. 5. * The old town in Gaul call'd Lactorate perhaps might give it the name since †Caesar has observ'd that the Gauls coming over hither gave the same names to towns as those they had left behind them o The Ouse carries us next to Terringham which family there of the same name by the death of Sir William Terringham without heir male is now almost quite extinct His only daughter and heir is marry'd
the Church is roof'd with lofty Arches of square work †Pari commissura the joints answering one another but on both sides it is enclos'd with a double Arch of stones firmly cemented and knit together Moreover the Cross of the Church made to encompass the middle Quire of the ‖ Canentium Domino Singers and by its double supporter on each side to bear up the lofty top of the middle tower first rises singly with a low and strong arch then mounts higher with several winding stairs artificially ascending and last of all with a single wall reaches to the wooden roof well cover'd with lead But 160 years after Henry the third demolish'd this Fabrick of Edward's and erected a new one of curious workmanship supported by several rows of marble Pillars and leaded over which was fifty years in building This the Abbots very much enlarg'd towards the west and Henry the seventh for the burial of himself and * Suorum his children added to the east part of it a Chapel of a most neat and admirable contrivance call'd by Leland the miracle of the world for you 'd say that all the Art in the world is crowded into this one work wherein is to be seen his own most splendid and magnificent Monument made of solid brass q After the expulsion of the Monks it had several revolutions first it had a Dean and Prebendaâ—ies next one single Bishop Thomas Thurlbey who after he had squander'd away the revenues of the Church gave it up and surrender'd it 42 Surrender'd it to the spoil of Courtiers to the Dean Presently after the Monks and their Abbot were restor'd by Queen Mary but they being quickly ejected by Authority of Parliament Queen Elizabeth converted it into a Collegiate Church nay I may say a Nursery of the Church For she settl'd twelve Prebendaries as many old Souldiers past service forty Scholars calld King's Scholars sent successively to the Universities and thence transplanted into Church and State c. Over all these she constituted a Dean 43 Over these she plac'd Dr. Bill Dean whose Successor was which dignity not long since was honourably bore by Dr. Gabriel Goodman a person of singular worth and integrity and a particular Patron both to me and my studies There were bury'd in this Church to run over those likewise in order Princes bury'd in Westminster-Abbey and according to their Dignity and the time when they dy'd Sebert first 44 And first Christian King of the East-Angles Harold bastard-son of Canutus the Dane King of England St. Edward King and Confessor with his Queen Editha Maud wife to King Henry the first and daughter to Malcolm King of Scots Henry the third Edward the first his son with Eleanor his wife daughter to Ferdinand third King of Castile and Leon. King Edward the third and Philippa of Hanault his wife Richard the second and Anne his wife sister of the Emperour Wenzelaus Henry the fifth with his wife Catharine daughter of Charles the sixth King of France Anne wife of Richard the third and daughter of Richard Nevil Earl of Warwick Henry the seventh with his wife Elizabeth 45 Daughter to King Edward 4. and his mother Margaret Countess of Richmond K. Edward the sixth Anne of Cleve fourth wife to K. Henry 8. Queen Mary and one not to be mention'd without the highest expressions both of respect and sorrow I mean our late most serene Lady Queen Elizabeth Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory the darling of England a Princess endow'd with heroick Vertues Wisdom and a greatness of Mind much beyond her Sex and incomparably skill'd both in Things and Languages Here she lyes bury'd in a stately Monument erected for her out of a pious veneration by King James But alas how inconsiderable is that Monument in comparison of the noble qualities of so great a Lady She her self is her own Monument and a more magnificent and sumptuous one too than any other For let those noble actions recommend her to the praise and admiration of Posterity RELIGION REFORM'D PEACE ESTABLISHT MONEY REDUC'T TO ITS TRUE VALUE A MOST COMPLEAT FLEET BUILT NAVAL GLORY RESTOR'D REBELLION SUPPRESS'D ENGLAND FOR XLIIII YEARS TOGETHER MOST PRUDENTLY GOVERN'D ENRICHT AND STRENGTHEN'D SCOTLAND FREED FROM THE FRENCH FRANCE IT SELF RELIEV'D THE NETHERLANDS SUPPORTED SPAIN AW'D IRELAND QUIETED AND THE WHOLE WORLD TWICE SAIL'D ROUND The Dukes and Lords that have been bury'd here are Edmund Earl of Lancaster younger son to King Hen. 3. Avelina de Fortibus Countess of Albemarle his wife William and Audomar de Valentia of the family of Lusignia Earls of Pembroke Alphonse John and other Children of K. Edward 1. John de Eltham Earl of Cornwall son of K. Edward 2. Thomas de Woodstock Duke of Glocester youngest son of Edw. 3. with others of his children Eleanor daughter and heir of Humfrey Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex wife to Thomas de Woodstock the young daughters of Edw. 4. and Hen. 7. Henry young son of Hen. 8. who dy'd at 2 months old Sophia daughter of K. James 1. who dy'd ‖ Primo aetatis diluculo almost assoon as born Philippa Dutchess of York Lewis Viscount Robsert of Hanault in right of his wife Lord Bourchier Anne the young daughter and heir of John Moubray D. of Norfolk betroth'd to Rich. D. of York younger son to K. Edw. 4. 46 Sir Giles Daubeney Giles Daubeney Lord Chamberlain to K. Hen. 7. and his wife of the family of the Arundels in Cornwall Viscount Welles Frances Brandon Dutchess of Suffolk Mary her daughter Margaret Douglas Countess of Lenox grand-mother to James K. of Great Britain with Charles her son Winefrid Bruges Marchioness of Winchester Anne Stanhop Dutchess of Somerset and Jane her daughter Anne Cecil Countess of Oxford daughter of Baron Burghley Lord high Treasurer of England with her mother Mildred Burghley Elizabeth Berkley Countess of Ormond Frances Sidney Countess of Sussex 47 James Butler instead of Thomas Butler Thomas Butler Viscount Thurles son and heir of the Earl of Ormond Besides Humfrey Bourchier Lord Cromwell another 48 Sir Humfrey Bourchier Humfrey Bourchier son and heir of the Lord Berners both slain in Barnet-fight 49 Sir Nicholas Carew Baron Carew instead of Nicholas Baron Carew Nicholas Baron Carew the Baroness of Powis Thomas Baron Wentworth Thomas Baron Wharton John Lord Russel Thomas Bromley Lord Chancellour of England Douglasia 50 H. Howard Howard daughter and heir of Viscount Bindon wife of 51 Sir Arthur Gorges Arthur Gorge Elizabeth daughter and heir of Edward Earl of Rutland wife of William Cecil 52 Sir John Puckering John Puckering Keeper of the Great Seal of England Frances Howard Countess of Hertford Henry and George Cary father and son Barons of Hunsdon and Lord Chamberlains to Q. Elizabeth the heart of Anne Sophia the young daughter of Christopher Harley Count de Beaumont Embassador in England from
our Children let us briefly out of the Cambridge History make mention of themselves and their Colleges Colleges consecrated to good literature and their own lasting fame The story goes that Cantaber a Spaniard 375 years before Christ first founded this University and that Sebert K. of the East-Angles restor'd it in the year of our Lord 630. Afterwards it was a long time neglected and lay bury'd in the Danish troubles till all things reviv'd under the Norman Government Soon after d See a List of them in Fuller's Antiquities of this University p. 26. Inns Hostels and Halls were built for Students John Caiâ—â— tho' still without any Endowments But Hugh Balsham Bishop of Ely founded the first College call'd Peter-house in the year 1284. and endow'd it b Whose example was imitated by these following persons Richard Badew with the help of the Lady Elizabeth Clare Countess of Ulster founded Clare-hall in the year 1340 c The Lady Mary St. Paul Countess of Pembroke Pembroke-hall in the year 1347 d the Society of Friers in Corpus-Christi Corpus-Christi call'd also St. Benet's-College in the year 1346 e William Bateman Bishop of Norwich Trinity-hall about the year 1353 f Edmund Gonevil in the year 1348 and John Caius Dr. of Physick in our time Gonevil and Caius-College g Henry the seventh King of England King's College with a Chapel deservedly reckon'd one of the finest buildings in the world in the year 1441 h the Lady Margaret of Anjou his wife Queen's College in the year 1448 i Robert Woodlark Katherine-hall in the year 1459 k John Alcocke Bishop of Ely Jesus-College in the year 1497 l The Lady Margaret 1 Above Caxton before-mention'd is Eltesley where was in elder Ages a Religious House of holy Virgins among whom was celebrated the incertain memory of Saint Pandionia the daughter of a Scottish King as the tradition is â—ut long since they were translatâ—d to Hinchinbroke And again above Eltesley was the Priory of Swasey founded for black â—ents by Alan la Zouch brother to the Vicâ—unt of Rohan in the Lesser Britain and was the common sepulture a long time for the family of Zâ—uch Countess of Richmond and mother to Henry the seventh Christ-College m and St. John's about the year 1506 now fairly enlarg'd with new buildings n Thomas Awdley Lord Chancellor of England Magdalen-College in the year 1542 since enlarg'd and endow'd by Sir Christopher Wrey Lord Chief Justice of England o the high and mighty Prince Henry the eighth Trinity-College in the year 1546 out of three others St. Michael's College built by Hervie of Stanton in Edward the second 's days King's-hall founded by Edward the third and Fishwick's-Hostel That the Students might have a more delightful habitation this College is now repair'd or rather new-built with that splendour and magnificence by the great care of T. Nevill its worthy Master and Dean of Canterbury that it is now for spaciousness for uniformity and beauty in the buildings scarce inferiour to any in Christendom and he himself may be counted truly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the judgment even of the greatest Philosopher for neglecting private Interests and laying out such large sums on the publick p I cannot but congratulate our present age and our selves too in respect of ingenuous Learning and in that worthy and prudent man Sir Walter Mildmay one of the Queen 's honourable Privy-Council who has founded a new College dedicated to Emanuel q and in the Lady Frances Sidney Countess of Sussex r who by her last Will gave a Legacy of five thousand pound to the founding of a College to be call'd Sidney-Sussex which is now quite finish'd s I shall say nothing of the Monasteries and Religious Houses since they were but of small note except it be Barnwell-Abby Barnwell which Sir Payne Peverell a famous Soldier and Standard bearer to Robert Duke of Normandy in the holy-war in Henry the first 's reign remov'd from St. Giles's Church the place of Picot the Sheriff's Institution of Secular Priests to this place and brought in 30 Monks according to the years of his age at that time If you please you may find the reason of its name in the private History of this place Paâ—well Hâ—â—â—ry Payne Peverell obtain'd a grant of Henry 1. for a spot of ground without the Burrough of Cambridge in the midst of it were extraordinary clear fountains or wells in English call'd Barnwell that is the Wells of Children or Barns as they were then call'd for young men and boys met once a year upon St. John's Eve for wrestling and the like youthful exercises according to the customs of the land and also to make merry together with singing and other musick Now by this means the concourse of boys and girls that met here for sport it grew a custom for a great many buyers and sellers to repair hither at the same time e Now it is commonly call'd Midsummer-Fair Tho' Cambridge was consecrated to the Muses yet it has not always escap'd the furies of Mars for when the Danes ravag'd up and down they often took Winter-quarters here and in the year 1010 when Sueno the Dane had with a desperate rage born down all before him neither it 's Fame nor the Muses could protect it tho' we read that Athens met with a better fate from Sylla but it was all barbarously laid in Ashes However at the first coming in of the Normans it was reasonably well peopl'd for we find in William the Conquerour's Domesday-book that the Burough of Grentbridge is divided into ten Wards and contains 387 dwelling-houses but 18 of 'em were pull'd down to build the Castle t when William 1. determin'd to erect Castles in all parts to be a curb to his new-conquer'd English u It likewise suffer'd very much afterwards in the Barons wars by those Out-laws from the Isle of Ely therefore Henry 3. to put a stop to their incursions order'd a deep ditch to be thrown up on the East-side of the town which still goes by the name of f Now there are but very little remains of this Ditch houses being built on both sides of it and the name it self seems clean forgotten among the Inhabitants King's-ditch Here possibly some may secretly expect to hear my opinion concerning the antiquity of this University but I 'll not meddle in the case nor am I willing to make any comparisons between our two flourishing Universities which have none to rival them that I know of I 'm afraid those have built castles in the air that have made Cantaber the founder of this University immediately after the building of Rome and long before Christ's time straining the antiquity beyond all probability This is undeniable let its original be when it will that it began at last to be a Nursery for Learning about the reign of Henry 1. which appears by an old Appendix of Peter Blesensis to Ingulph Joffred made Abbot
a petty Convent founded by the Bigrames A little way hence stands Awkenbury given by King John to David Earl of Huntingdon and by John Scot his son to Stephen Segrave Stephen Segrâ—â—e a person I 'm the more willing to mention because he was one of the Courtiers who have taught us * Nâ—â—â—am potenâ—â—am essâ—â—â—â—â—ntâ—m That no power is powerful With a great deal of pains he rais'd himself to a high post with as much trouble kept it and as suddenly lost it In his young days from a Clerk he was made Knight Matth. Pâ—â—â— and tho' he was but of a mean family yet in his latter days by his bold industry he so enrich'd and advanc'd himself that he was rank'd among the highest of the Nobility made Lord Chief Justice and manag'd almost all the Affairs of the Nation as he pleas'd At length he wholly lost all the King's favour and ended his days in a cloyster and he who out of pride must needs remove from ecclesiastical to secular Affairs was forc'd to reassume his ecclesiastical Office and shaven crown without so much as consulting his Bishop which he had formerly laid aside Not far off stands Leighton Leightâ—n where Sir Gervase Clifton Knight began a noble building h and just by lyes Spaldwick given to the Church of Lincoln by Henry 1. to make some amends for erecting Ely-Bishoprick out of Lincoln-Diocese The river Nen enters this Shire by Elton Elton f It is now the possession of John Proby Esquire the seat of the famous ancient family of the Sapcots where is a private Chapel of singular beauty with curious painted windows built by the Lady Elizabeth Dinham Baron Fitz-Warren's widow who marry'd into this family Higher upon the Nen nigh Walmsford Walmsford stood a little city of greater antiquity than all these call'd Caer Dorm and Dormeceaster by Henry of Huntingdon who says it was utterly ruin'd before his time Undoubtedly this is the Durobrivae Dâ—â—â—briâ—ae of Antonine that is the River-passage and now for the same reason call'd Dornford nigh Chesterton which besides the finding of old Coins has the apparent marks of a ruinous City For a Roman Port-way led directly from hence to Huntingdon and a little above Stilton Stiâ—ton formerly Stichilton it appears with a high bank and in an old Saxon Charter is call'd Erminstreat Ermiâ—gstreat Here it runs through the middle of a square fort defended on the north-side with walls on the rest with ramparts of Earth nigh which they 've lately digg'd up several stone Coffins or Sepulchres in g This Estate is now the joynt Inheritance of Sir John Hewet of Warsly in this County Baronet and John Dryden Esquire descended to them from the sisters of the last Sir Robert Bevile the ground of R. Bevill of an ancient family in this County Some think this city stood upon both banks of the river and others are of opinion Caster 〈◊〉 Nâ—r â—â—â—ptoâ—shâ— e that the little village Caster on the other side was part of it and truly this opinion is well back'd by an ancient history that says there was a place call'd Durmundcaster by Nene where Kinneburga founded a little Nunnery first call'd Kinneburge-caster and afterwards for shortness Caster This Kinneburga the most Christian daughter of the Pagan King Penda and Alfred King of the Northumber's wife chang'd her Soveraign Authority for Christ's service to use the words of an old writer and govern'd her own Nunnery as a mother to those sacred Virgins Which place about 1010 was level'd to the ground by the fury of the Danes A little before this river leaves the County it runs by an ancient House call'd Bottle bridge B â—â—â—â—-bridge for shortness instead of Botolph-bridge which the Draitons and Lovets brought from R. Gimels to the family of the Shirlies by hereditary succession Adjoyning to this lies Overton corruptly called Orton forfeited by Felony and redeem'd of K. John by Neale Lovetoft whose sister and coheir was married to Hubert or Robert de Brounford and their children took upon 'em the name of Lovetoft Earls of Hâ—ntingdon This County at the declining of the English-Saxons had Siward an Earl by office for then there were no hereditary Earls in England but the Governours of Provinces according to the custom of that age were call'd Earls with addition of the title of this or that Province they govern'd as this Siward the time he govern'd here was call'd Earl of Huntingdon but soon after when he govern'd Northumberland he was call'd Earl of Northumberland See â—he Eâ—â—ls â—f Noâ—thamptonshire He had a son call'd Waldeof who under the title of Earl had the government of this County by the favour of William the Conquerour whose niece Judith by his sister on the mother's side he had married This Waldeof's eldest daughter says William Gemeticensis was married to Simon ‖ â—â—vaneâ—â—erâ—◠〈◊〉 uâ—t câ—p â—6 de Senlys or St. Liz she brought him the Earldom of Huntingdon and had a son by him call'd Simon After her husband's decease she was married to David St. Maud the Queen of England's Brother who was afterwards King of Scotland by whom she had a son nam'd Henry Afterwards as Fortune and Princes Favours alter'd this Dignity was enjoy'd sometimes by the Scots and other times by the St. Lizes first Henry the son of David J â—n â—â—rdâ—â— in Scotâ—â—â—â—n co l. 3. â— 3. 6. 〈◊〉 3â— then Simon St. Lizes Simon the first 's son after him Malcolm King of Scotland Earl Henry's brother after his decease Simon St. Liz the third who dying without heirs was succeeded by William King of Scotland and Malcolm's Brother Thus says Ralph de Diceto in the year 1185. when he flourish'd When Simon Earl Simon 's son dy'd without children the King restor'd to William K. of Scotland the County of Huntingdon with all its appurtenances Then his brother David had it Matth. Par. and his son John Scot Earl of Chester who dy'd without heirs and when Alexander the second who marry'd King Henry the third's daughter had held this title a little while and the Wars broke in the Scots lost this honour besides a fair inheritance in England A good while after Edward the third created William Clinton Earl of Huntingdon Richard the second put Guiscard de Angolesme in his place and after his death John Holland He was succeeded by John 4 Who was stil'd Duke of Excester Earl of Huntingdon and Ivory Lord of Sparre Admiral of England and Ireland Lieutenant of Aquitain and Constable of the Tower of London and Henry his sons who were each of them also Dukes of Exeter See Dukes of Exeter pag. 32. Cap. 50. The same Henry Duke of Exeter that Philip Comines as he affirms saw begging bare-foot in the Low Countries whilst he kept firm to the House of Lancaster though he had married Edward the fourth 's own sister Next to him Thomas
I cannot tell The Saxon Annals call it Lygeanburh except Laud's Copy which calls it Lygeanbyrig and Florence of Worcester confirms the reading when he terms it Liganburh the later writers call it Lienberig Lienberi The placing it at Loughburrow seems to draw Cuthwulf too far out of his road for the next town he took was Ailesbury and 't is strange that in such a great distance he should not make an attempt upon some other The manner of his progress seems to favour Leighton in Bedfordshire See that County That this Loughborrow was that royal Vill in the Saxon tongue calld Lieganburge which Marianus says Cuthulfus took from the Britains in the year of Christ 572 the affinity of the names does in some sort evince At present it is justly esteem'd the second town of all this County next to Leicester as well in respect of its bigness and buildings as the pleasant woods about it For near the side of this town the forest of Charnwood Charnwood Forest or Charley q The forest of Charley is 20 miles in compass Lel. Itin. p 14. See a larger description of it in Burton's Leicestersh pag. 69. spreads it self a long way Within the bounds whereof is Beaumanour Park which the Lords Beaumonts enclos'd as I have heard with a stone-wall 17 These Beaumonts descended from a younger son of John Count of Brene in France who for his high honour and true valour was preferr'd to marry the heir of the kingdom of Jerusalem and with great pomp crown'd King of Jerusalem in the year of our Lord 1248. Hence it is that we see the Arms of Jerusalem so often quarter'd with those of Beaumont in sundry places of England Sir Hâ—n Beaumont was the first that planted himself in England about the year 1308. Which Lords were descended as is commonly believ'd of a French family certain it is that they come from John de Brenne King of Jerusalem and that they first settled in England about the reign of Edw. 1. And by marriage with the daughter of Alexander Comyn Earl of Boghan in Scotland whose mother was one of the heirs of Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchester they got a very plentiful inheritance and became a great family Of which family Viscounts Beaumont in the reign of King Edward 3. Henry was for several years summoned to Parliament by the name of Earl of Boghan and in the reign of Hen. 6. John was for a time Constable of England and the first in England The first honorary Viscount in England that I know of whom the King advanc'd to the honour of a Viscount But when William the last Viscount dy'd without issue his sister became the wife of the Lord Lovel and the whole inheritance which was large was afterwards confiscated for High Treason 18 By attainder of Loved it fell into the hands of King Henry 7. In this north part nothing else occurs worth mentioning unless it be a small Nunnery founded by Roifia de Verdon and call'd Grace-dieu 19 Now belonging to a younger house of the Beaumonts that is God's grace and not far from thence by the stream of Trent Dunnington Dunnington an ancient Castle built by the first Earls of Leicester which afterwards came to John Lacy Earl of Lincoln who procur'd it the privilege of a Market and Fairs from Edw. 1. But when in the proscription of the Barons under Ed. 2. the possessions of the proscribed were sequester'd and alienated the King gave this manour to Hugh le Despenser the younger 20 The hereditaments of Thomas Earl of Lancaster and Alice Lacy his wife were seiz'd into the King's hands and alienated in divers sorts the King enforc'd her to release this manour to Hugh le Dispenser the younger h The east part of this County which is hilly and feedeth a vast number of sheep was heretofore adorned with two principal places of great note Vernometum or Verometum mention'd by Antoninus and Burton-Lazers of great account in former ages Vernometum Vernometum â—â—â—rometâ—â— the name whereof is lost at this day seems to me to have been situated in that place which is now call'd Burrow-hill and Erdburrow for between Verometum and Ratae according to Antoninus were twelve miles and there is almost so much between this place and Leicester The present name also of Burrows which signify'd among the Saxons a fortify'd place comes from Burgh 21 And under it a town call'd Burrough belonging to an old family of Gentlemen so sirnam'd But the most considerable proof is that the ground is a steep hill on all sides but the south-east on the top of which remains the manifest appearance of a town destroy'd a double trench and the track where the walls went which enclosed about 18 acres of land At this day it is * Resâ—â—â— arable ground and noted on this account chiefly that the youth of the neighbouring parts meet here yearly for wrestling and such like exercises i One may conjecture from the name that some great Temple of the Heathen Gods hath formerly stood in this place For in the ancient Language of the Gauls which was the same with that of the Britains Vernometum Vernometum what it signâ—â—â—s in the oâ—d Gâ—ulish signifies a great and spacious Temple as Venantius Fortunatus plainly tells us of Vernometum a town in France in these verses in his first book of Poems Nomine Vernometum voluit vocitare vetustas Quod quasi fanum ingens Gallica lingua sonat The Gauls when Vernomet they call'd the place Did a great Temple by the word express As for Burton call'd for distinction Lazers Burton-lazers from Lazers so they nam'd the Elephantiaci or Lepers it was a rich Hospital to the Master of which all the lesser Lazer-houses in England were in some sort subject as he himself was to the Master of the Lazers of Jerusalem r It was founded about the time of K. Hen. 1. and as Leland saith Tom. 1. p. 69. by the Lord Mowbray for a Master and 8 brethren which did profess the Order of St. Austin See Burton's Leicestersh p. 63. It is said to have been built in the beginning of the Normans by a general collection throughout England but chiefly by the assistance of the Mowbrays About which time the Leprosie Leprosie in England by some call'd Elephantiasis 22 Because the skins of Lepers are like to those of Elephants did run by infection over all England And it is believ'd that the disease did then first come into this Island out of Egypt which more than once had spread it self into Europe first in the days of Pompey the Great afterwards under Heraclius and at other times as may be seen in History 23 Whether by celestial influence or other hidden causes I leave to the learned but never so far as I read did it before that time appear in England Besides these places of greater note and fame we
Norman-writers Nichol and Mr. Thomas Twyne in his Breviary of Britain fol. 24. b. says he has observ'd the same many times in ancient Charters and Records of the Earls thereof written in the French-tongue And even as low as Edward the fourth's time William Caxton in his Chronicle entitl'd Fructus temporum pag. 141. and 295. calls it Nichol. I know none who remove the Roman Lindum from hence except Talbot who carries it to Lenton in Nottinghamshire which opinion we have consider'd in its proper place ‖ Itinerar p. 21. Leland tells us he heard say that the lower part of Lincoln-town was all marish and won by policy and inhabited for the commodity of the water è regione that this part of the town is call'd Wikerford and in it are 11 Parochial-Churches besides which he saw one in ruins The White-Fryers were on the west-side of the High-street in Wikerford * Pag. 22 That beyond old Lincoln much money is found in the North-fields What Mr. Camden has concerning the decay of this town wherein he says of 50 Churches are scarce left 18 he seems to have borrow'd from a hint of Leland's and if he had no other authority it seems to be deliver'd in terms too positive and general For Leland mentions it very tenderly and only says †Ibid. There goeth a common fame that there were once 52 Parish-Churches in Lincoln-city and the suburbs of it At a little distance from Lincoln is Nocton Nocton formerly a Religious-house where is a very magnificent seat lately built by Sir William Ellys Baronet At Wragby Wragby eight miles East of Lincoln the wife of one Charles Gays An. Dom. 1676. brought forth a male-child with two heads which liv'd some hours The mother of the child is still living and keeps an Inn in the town and the matter of fact can be attested by at least 100 people who saw it u Upon the little river Bane stands Horn-castle Horn-castle which evidently appears to have been a Camp or Station of the Romans as from the Castle which is Roman work so also from the Roman coins several whereof were found therein the time of Charles the first and some they meet with at this day tho' not so commonly in the field adjoyning The compass of the Castle was about 20 Acres which is yet plainly discernable by the foundation of the whole and some part of the wall still standing It is a Seigniory or Soke of 13 Lordships and was given by King Richard the second to the Bishop of Carlisle and his Successors for his habitation and maintenance when by the frequent incursions of the Scots he was driven from his castle of Rose in Cumberland and spoil'd of his revenues Three miles South-east from hence is Winceby Winceby where Octob. 5. 1643. was a battel fought between the King and Parliament the forces of the first commanded by Colonel Henderson and the Lord Widdrington those of the latter by Colonel Cromwell The fight scarce lasted an hour and the victory fell to the Parliament w At the meeting of the rivers Bane and Witham is Tatteshall Totteshall where in the front of the castle not long since were to be seen the Arms of the Cromwells the ancient Lords of it It afterwards came to be one of the seats of the Clintons Earls of Lincoln besides another at Sempringham which Mr. Camden mentions in this County x At a little distance from Bullingbrook is Eresby Eresby which gives the title of Baron to the Earl of Lindsey the third division of this County The first who enjoy'd this title oâ— Earl was Robert Lord Willoughby of Eresby creaâ—â—â— Nov. 22. in the second year of King Charles 1. He was son to that Peregrine Berty whom Catharine Baroness of Willoughby and Dutchess of Suffolk bore to Richard Berty while they made their escape into foreign parts in Queen Mary's persecution He was call d Peregrine eo quod in terra peregrina pro consolatione exilii sui piis parentibus à Domino donatus sit as the publick Register of Wesel in the Dutchy of Cleve where he was born expresses it At the request of the honourable Mr. Charles Berty Envoy extraordinary to the Electors and other Princes of Germany in his passage through that City the Burgomasters Aldermen and Counsellors took a copy of the evidences of his birth and Christening as they found it in their Register and presented it to him under the common seal of the City This Robert the first Earl Lord High Chamberlain of England was succeeded by his son and heir Mountague upon the restoration of Charles 2. made Knight of the Garter who dying in the year 1666. was succeeded by Robert his eldest son y A little above Bullingbroke stands Hareby Hareby eminent for the death of Queen Eleanor wife to King Edward 1. who being conveyed from thence to Westminster had a great many Crosses erected to her memory in several noted places This is the more observable because our Chronicles tell us she dy'd at a place call'd Hardby without giving us any hints where it stands z Hard by is Bollingbroke Bollingbroke whereof Oliver Lord St. John of Bletso was created Earl 22 Jac. 1. Dec. 28. and was succeeded by his grandchild Oliver St. John by Pawlet his second son Oliver Lord St. John the eldest being slain at Edge-hill fight At present the place gives the title of Earl to the right honourable Pawlet St. John aa More towards the sea lies Boston Boston where Mr. John Fox Author of the Acts and Monuments was born bb At Grimesby Grimesby were formerly three Religious-houses i.e. one Nunnery and two Monasteries and not far from the same coast between Salflet-haven and Louth is Salfletby memorable for its late Minister Mr. John Watson who was incumbent 74 years during which time as he himself reported it he buried the inhabitants three times over save three or four persons He had by one wife fourteen sons and three daughters the youngest now past the fiftieth year of his age In all this time he was a constant industrious Preacher except during his imprisonment for 40 weeks in Lincoln Gaol by Cromwell who put a Militia-Drummer in his place Since the present reign he was also suspended ab officio but considering his great age not à beneficio He dy'd in Aug. 1693. aged 102. cc Turning to the west towards the river Trent we meet with Osgodby Osgodby otherwise call'd Ostegobby and Osgoteby where Mr. Camden places the seat of St. Medardo and deduces it to the family of Ashcough But Mr. Dugdale has assur'd us that the whole is a manifest mistake that family belonging to another Osgodby in the same County about 30 miles south of this dd Directly towards Lincoln is Stow Stow. the Church whereof is a large building in the form of a cross and very ancient It was founded by Eadnoth a Bishop of Dorchester in Oxfordshire
of Parliament annex'd a very great estate to this Dutchy which had fall'n to him in right of his mother 13 Dame Mary who was the daughter and coheir of Humphry Bohun Earl of Hereford And in this state and condition it remain'd from that time saving that Edward the fourth in the first of his reign when he had attainted Henry the sixth in Parliament for Treason appropriated it as they term it to the Crown that is to say to him and his heirs Kings of England However Henry the seventh soon broke this entail and so at this day it has its particular Officers namely a Chancellor Attorney Receiver Clerk of the Court six Assessors a Messenger two Auditors three and twenty Receivers and three Supervisors There are reckon'd in this Shire besides several Chapels only 36 Parishes but those very populous and such as for number of Parishioners far exceed the greatest Parishes anywhere else ADDITIONS to LANCASHIRE a THo' Lancaster has given the name to this County yet Manchester â—â—â—â—â—eâ—â—er whether one consider Antiquity number of inhabitants or growth seems to be more considerable And yet for all that it is neither a Corporation nor does it send Burgesses to Parliament tho' perhaps of an in-land town it has the best trade of any one in the north of England It is water'd with the rivers Irke and Irwell but there is no such river about it as Spolden upon which the late Historical and Geographical Dictionary has falsly plac'd it as it hath also it's distance from London which is really 147 miles The Fustian-Manufacture call'd Manchester-Cottons still continues there and is of late very much improv'd by some modern inventions of dying and printing and this with the great variety of other manufactures known by the name of Manchester-Wares renders not only the town it self but also the parish about it rich populous and industrious Sixty years ago there were computed near 2 000 Communicants in the town and Parish since which time the inhabitants are much more numerous proportionable to the increase of trade The Collegiate Church which was built in the year 1422. is a very large beautiful and stately edifice and the Quire is particularly remarkable for it's neat and curious carv d work It is likewise beautify'd with three remarkable Foundations a College a Hospital and a Publick School the following account whereof we owe to the worthy Warden of this place The College was first founded A. D. 1421. by Thomas De la Ware at first Rector of the said Parish-Church and brother to the Lord De la Ware whom he succeeded in the estate and honour and then founded a College there consisting of one Master or Keeper eight Fellow-Chaplains four Clerks and six Choristers in honour of St. Mary to whom the said Parish-Church was formerly dedicated St. Dennis of France and St. George of England This foundation was dissolved 1547. in the first year of King Edward 6. the lands and revenues of it taken into the King's hands and by him demised to the Earl of Derby and the College-house and some lands sold to the said Eaâ—l The College was re-founded by Queen Mary who restored most of the lands and revenues only the College it self and some of its revenues remain'd still in the hands of the Earl of Derby It was also founded a-new by Queen Elizabeth A. D. 1578. by the name of Christ's College in Manchester consisting of one Warden four Fellows two Chaplains four Singing-men and four Choristers the number being lessen'd because the revenues were so chieflâ— by the covetousness and false-dealing of Thomas Herle then Warden and his Fellows who sold away or made such long leases of the revenues as could never yet some of them be retrieved It was last of all re-founded by King Charles 1. A. D. 1636 constituting therein one Warden four Fellows two Chaplains four Singing men and four Choiristers and incorporating them by the name of the Warden and Fellows of Christ's College in Manchester the Statutes for the same being drawn up by Archbishop Laud. The Hospital was founded by Humphrey Cheetham Esquire and incorporated by King Charles 2. designed by the said bountiful Benefactor for the maintâ—nance of 40 poor boys out of the Town and Parish of Manchester and some other neighbouring Parishes But since 't is enlarged to the number of 60 by the Governours of the said Hospital to be taken in between the age of 6 and 10 and there maintained with meat drink lodging and cloaths to the age of 14 and then to be bound Apprentices to some honest trade or calling at the charge of the said Hospital For the maintenance of which he endowed the same with the yearly revenue of 420 l. which is since improved by the care and good husbandry of the Feoffees or Governours to the yearly sum of 517 l. 8 s. 4 d. they having laid out in the purchace of lands the sum of 1825 l. which was saved out of the yearly income over and above the maintenance of the poor children and others belonging to the said Hospital wherein there are annually near 70 persons provided for Within the Hospital and by the bounty of the said Founder is also erected a very fair and spacious Library already furnished with a competent stock of choice and valuable books to the number of near 4000 and daily encreasing with the income of 116 l. per an setled upon the same by the said worthy benefactor to buy Books for ever and to afford a competent salary for a Library-keeper Theâ—e is also a large School for the Hospital-boys where they are daily instructed and taught to write and read The Publick School was founded A. D. 1519 by Hugh Oldham D. D. and Bishop of Exeter who bought the Lands on which the School stands and took the Mills there in lease of the Lord De la Ware for 60 years Afterwards with the Bishop's money Hugh Bexwick and Joan his sister purchased of the Lord De la Ware his Lands in Ancoates and the Mills upon lâ—k and left them in Feoffment to the said Free school for ever Which Revenues are of late very much encreas'd by the Feoffees of the School who out of the improvements have as well considerably augmented the Masters salaries as the Exhibitions annually allowed to the maintenance of such scholars at the University as the Warden of the College and the high Master shall think requisite and have besides for some years past added a third Master for whom they have lately erected a new and convenient School at the end of the other Besides these publick Benefactions and Endowments there have been several other considerable sums of money and annual revenues left and bequeathed to the Poor of the said Town who are thereby with the kindness and Charity of the present inhabitants competently provided for without starving at home or being forced to seek relief abroad The Town gives title to an honourable family Henry Mountague being
Falkirk but we need not here be particular in the Description of it designing a separate discourse upon that subject at the end of this Kingdom SELGOVAE BEneath the Gadeni to the South and West where now lie the small Territories of Liddesdale Eusdale Eskdale Annandale and Nidisdale q To which add Wachopdale so called from Rivulets running through them which all lose themselves in Solway-Frith were anciently seated the Selgovae the reliques of whose name seem to me whether to others too I knâ—w not to remain in the name Solway IN Liddesdale â—â—ddâ—sâ—â—â—e we have a high prospect of Armitage so called because anciently dedicated to a solitary life But now it is a very strong Castle which belonged to the Hepburnes who deduce their Original from a certain English Captive whom the Earl of March for delivering him out of a danger much enriched They were Earls of Bothwell â—â—rls of â—â—thwell and for a long time Admirals of Scotland by inheritance But by a sister of James Earl of Bothwell last of the Hepburnes â—â—pburnes married to John Prior of Coldingham a natural son of K. James 5. who had several such issue both title and estate devolved to his son Hard by is Brakensey â—â—akensey the seat of the warlike Family of Baclugh â—â—â—d â—â—clugh sirnamed Scot with many other little Forts of men of Arms up and down the Country In Eusdale Eusdale I should be apt to think from the affinity of the name that the ancient Uzellum Uzellum mentioned by Ptolemy lay upon the River Euse In Eskdale Eskdale some are of opinion that the Horesti Horesti dwelt into whose borders Julius Agricola after he had subdued the Britains that inhabited this Tract led the Roman Army especially if we read Horesci for Horesti For the British Ar-Esc signifies a place by the River Eske As for Aesica in Eskdale I have spoken of it before in England and need not repeat it here a ANNANDALE JOined to this on the west-side lies Annandale Annandale that is the Valley or Dale upon the river Annan into which the access by land is very difcult The places of greatest note are a Castle upon Lough-Maban Lough-Maban which is three parts surrounded with water and strongly walled And Annandale Town almost upon the very mouth of the river Annan divested of all its glory by the English War in the reign of Edward 6. In this Territory the Jonstons The Jonstons are men of greatest name a family born for Wars between whom and the Maxwells who by ancient right preside over the Stewartry The Stewartry of Annandale for so 't is term'd there hath been too long an open enmity and defiance even to bloodshed This Valley Edgar King of the Scots upon his restoration to his Kingdom by the Auxiliaries he had out of England gave for his good services to Robert Brus The Bruses Lord of Cleaveland in the County of York who bestowed it by the King's permission upon Robert his younger son being unwilling himself to serve the King of Scots in his Wars From him are branched the Bruses Lords of Annandale of whom Robert Bruse married Isabella the daughter of William King of Scots by the daughter of Robert Avenel his son likewise Robert the third of that name married the daughter of David Earl of Huntingdon and Garioth whose son Robert sirnamed the Noble upon the failure of the issue of Alexander the third King of Scotland challenged in his mother's right the Kingdom of Scotland before Edward I. K. of England as the direct and superior Lord of the Kingdom of Scotland as the English give out or as an Honorary Arbitrator as the Scots will have it as being more nearly related in degree and bloud to King Alexander the third and to Margaret daughter to the King of Norway although a second sister's son Who soon after resigning up his own right granted and gave over to his son Robert Brus Earl of Carrick and to his heirs I speak out of the very Original all the right and claim which he had or might have to the Kingdom of Scotland But the point was determined in favour of John Baliol who sued for his right as descended from the eldest sister though in a more remote degree in these words Because the person more remote in the second degree descending in the first line is to be preferred before a nearer in the second line in the succession of an inheritance that cannot be parted Nevertheless the said Robert son to the Earl of Carriot by his valour possess'd himself of the Kingdom and establish'd it in his posterity A Prince who as he was illustrious for his glorious Actions so did he successfully triumph over Fortune so often his Adversary with a courage and presence of mind invincible b NIDISDALE CLose to Annandale on the West lies Nidisdale abounding in arable and pasture grounds so named from the River Nid The River Nid by Ptolemy falsely written Nobius for Nodius or Nidius of which name there are other Rivers in Britain full of muddy shallows as this Nid is It springs out of the Lake Lough-Cure upon which stood anciently Corda Corda a Town of the Selgovae It takes its course first by Sanqhar a Castle of the Creightons The Creightons Barons of Sanqhar who were long honoured with the Title of Barons of Sanqhar and the authority of hereditary Sheriffs of Nidisdale next by Morton Earls of Morton which gave the Title of Earl to some of the family of Douglass of which others are seated at Drumlanrig upon the same River near the mouth whereof stands Dunfreys Dunfreys between two Hills the most flourishing Town of this Tract which still shews its ancient Castle a Town famous for its woollen Manufacture and remarkable for the murder of John Commin a man of the greatest Interest amongst the Scots whom Robert Brus lest he should oppose his coming to the Crown ran through in the Church and easily got a pardon of the Pope for a murder committed in a sacred place Nearer to its mouth Solway a Village still retains somewhat of the old name of Selgovae Upon the very mouth is situated Caer-Laverock Caer-Laverock Ptolemie's Carbantorigum a Fort looked upon as impregnable when K. Edw. I. accompanied with the flower of the English Nobility besieged and took it But now 't is a weak Mansion-House of the Barons Maxwell who being of ancient Nobility were long Wardens of these Western Marches and lately advanced by a marriage with a Daughter and Coheir of the Earl of Morton whereby John Lord Maxwell was decâ—ared Earl of Morton as also by the Daughter and Heir of Hereis Lord Toricles whom J. a second son took to wife and had by her the title of Baron Hereis Barons Hereis In this valley also upon the lake lies Glencarn Glencaâ—â— of which the Cunninghams about whom I shall speak
his Uncle the Earl of Arran This John had issue Matthew Earl of Lennox who after many troubles in France and Scotland found fortune more agreeable in England by the favour of K. Henry the 8. when he bestow'd upon him his sister's daughter in marriage with a large estate The issue of this happy match were Henry and Charles Henry by Mary Queen of Scots had James the 6. King of Great Britain James K. of Great Britain born by the propitious favour of heaven at a most lucky juncture to unite in one Imperial Body the British World divided before as well in it self as from the rest of mankind and as we hope and pray to lay a sure foundation of everlasting security for childrens children for ever As for Charles he had issue one only daughter Arabella a Lady that made so great progress in learning above the usual capacity of her sex as led her to true virtue with the highest praise and commendation and made her fit to be compar'd with the Ladies of antient times When Charles was dead after the Earldom of Lennox whereof he stood enfeoffed was by authority of Parliament revoked in the year 579. and his Uncle Robert Bishop of Cathness had bore this title for some time in lieu whereof he had of the King the honour of Earl of March King James conferr'd the title of Duke of Lennox upon Esme Stuart son of John Lord D'Aubigny the second Brother of Matthew Earl of Lennox aforesaid which his son 2 Lodowick Esme Hol. Lodowick or Lewis enjoys at this day For since the reign of Charles the 6. there were of this line Lords of Aubigny Lords of Aubigny in France the said Robert before-named and Bernard or Eberard under Charles the 8. and Lewis the 12. transmitted to posterity by Paulus Jovius with much commendation for his valiant performances in the War of Naples He was a most faithful companion of Henry the 7. when he came for England and used for his Device a Lion * Inter fâ—bulas between buckles with this motto Distantia Jungit because by his means the Kingdom of France and Scotland so far distant Paradinâ—â— were joyned together by a strict league of Friendship As likewise Robert Stewart Lord D'Aubigny of the same family a Marescal of France under Lewis XI who for the same reason us'd the Royal Arms of France with Buckles Or in a Bordure Gules which have been ever since born 3 Quarterly with the Arms of Steward Hol. by the Earls and Dukes of Lennox c STERLING Sheriffdom STerlingshire borders to the North-east upon Lennox so named from its principal Town for the fruitfulness of its soil and the great resort of Gentry outdone by no County in Scotland Here is that narrow neck of Land by which Glotta and Bodotria or to use the language of these times Dunbritton Frith and Edenborough Frith Arms of different seas coming a great way up are kept from joyning Which Julius Agricola who went thus far and farther first observ'd and fortified this streight with Garisons by which means all Britain on this side was then in the Romans possession and their Enemies removed as it were into another Island so that Tacitus was right in his judgment that there was no other bound of Britain to be sought for Neither indeed in after times did either the Valour of their Armies or the Glory of the Roman name which could scarce be stopped push on the limits of their Empire farther in these parts although they harrassed them ever now and then with inrodes But then after this glorious expedition Agricola was recall'd and Britain as Tacitus says lay neglected nor was possession of it kept thus far For the Caledonian Britains drove the Romans back as far as the River Tine insomuch that Hadrian that came into Britain about 40 years after and reformed many things in it made no farther progress but commanded that the God Terminus The God Terminus who was wont to give ground to none should yield to Hadrian and retire backwards out of this place as he had done in the East on this side Euphrates Whence that of St. Augustine The God Terminus Aug. de Civ Dei l. 4. c. 29. which gave not place to Jove yielded to the will of Hadrian yielded to the rashness of Julian yielded to the necessity of Jovian So that Hadrian thought it enough to make a Turf-Wall between the rivers Tine and Esk and 100 miles southward on this side Edenborough-Frith But Antoninus Pius who being adopted by Hadrian bore his name stiled Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius under the conduct of Lollius Urbicus whom he had sent his Lieutenant repelled again the Barbarians to beyond Edenborough Frith and built another Turf-Wall besides that of Hadrian according to Capitolinus To prove which wall to have been made in this very place we are now treating of and not by Severus as commonly believed I will produce no other Witnesses than two antient Inscriptions dug up here one of which is fixed in the wall of a house at Cadir Antoninus Pius's wall and informs us that the Legio Secunda Augusta built the wall for three miles and more the other is in the Earl Marshal's House at Dunotyr which hints that a party of the Legio Vicesima Victrix made it for three miles more But take them here as Servatius Rihelius a Silesian Gentleman who made curious observations upon these Countries copied them out for me IMP. CAESARI T. AELIO HADRI ANO ANTONINO AVG. PIO P. P. VEXILLATIO LEG XX. VAL. VIC F. PER MIL. P. III. IMP CAES. TIT. IO AELIO HADRIANO ANTON AVG. PIO P. P. LEG II. AVG. PER. M. P. III. D. CIXVIS At Cadir where this latter Inscription is extant there is another stone to be seen wherein within a Laurel Garland supported by two little Victories one reads thus LEG II. AVG. FEC And in a Village called Miniabruch this inscription was removed out of a Minister's house into a Gentleman's then in building D. M. C. JVLI MARCELLINI PRAEF COH I. HAMIOR Cohors ma Haorum But when in the Reign of Commodus the barbarous nations had pass'd over the wall and had much harrass'd the country Severus as I have already said repaired the Wall of Hadrian But afterwards the Romans again brought under their subjection all the country lying between For as Ninius has told us Carausius under Dioclesian strengthned this wall anew and fortified it with seven castles Lastly the Romans fenc'd this place in the Reign of Theodosius the younger under the conduct of Gallio of Ravenna Now saith Bede they made a Turf-wall to no purpose building it not so much with stones as with turfs as having no artificer that understood so great a work between two Friths or arms of the sea for many miles together that where the fence of water was wanting there by the help of a wall they might defend their Marches from the enemies
from the Church as a Feudatory and Vicegerent and obliged his Successors to pay three hundred Marks to the Bishop of that See Yet the most eminent 1 Sir Thomas Hol. Thomas Moor who sacrificed his life to the Pope's Prerogative denies this to be true For he says the Romanists can shew no grant and that they have never demanded the said money nor the Kings of England acknowledged it However with submission to this great man the thing is really otherwise as most clearly appears from the Parliament-Rolls which are evidence incontestable For in a Parliament in Edward the third's Reign the Chancellor of England informs the House That the Pope intended to cite the King of England to a tryal at Rome as well for homage as for the tribute due and payable from England and Ireland and to which King John had bound both himself and his Successors and desired their opinion in it The Bishops required a day to consider of this matter apart as likewise did the Lords and Commons The next day they met again and unanimously voted and declared that forasmuch as neither King John nor any other King whatsoever could put the Kingdom under such a servitude but by the consent and agreement of a Parliament which was never had and farther that since whatsoever he had done in that kind was directly contrary to the Oath which he solemnly took before God at his Coronation if the Pope would insist upon it they were resolved to oppose him with their lives and fortunes to the very utmost of their power Such also as were learned in the law made the Charter of King John to be void and insignificant by that clause of reservation in the end saving to us and our heirs all our rights liberties and regalities But this is out of my road From King John's time the Kings of England were stiled Lords of Ireland till within the memory of our fathers Henry the eighth was declared King of Ireland by the States of that Realm assembled in Parliament the title of Lord seeming not so sacred and venerable to some seditious persons as that of King In the year 1555 when Queen Mary offered the subjection of the Kingdom of England by the hands of her Ambassadors to Pope Paul the fourth this name and title of Kingdom of Ireland was confirmed by the Pope in these word To the praise and glory of Almighty God and his most glorious mother the Virgin Mary to the honour of the whole Court of Heaven and the exaltation of the Catholick Faith We at the humble request of King Philip and Queen Mary made unto us by the advice of our brethren and by virtue of our full Apostolical authority do erect the Kingdom of Ireland and do for ever dignifie and exalt it with the title honours powers rights ensigns prerogatives preferments Royal praeeminencies and such like privileges as other Christian Realms have use and enjoy or may have use and enjoy hereafter Having accidentally found a Catalogue of those English Noble men who went in the first invasion of Ireland and with great valor subdued it to the Crown of England lest I should seem to envy them and their posterity the glory of this atchievment I will here give you them from the Chancery of Ireland for so 't is entitled The Names of such as came with Dermic Mac Morrog into Ireland Richard Strongbow Earl of Pembroke who by Eve the daughter of Morrog the Irish petty King aforesaid had an only daughter who brought to William Mareschall the title of Earl of Pembroke with a fair estate in Ireland and had issue five sons who in order succeeded one another all childless and as many daughters who enriched their husbands Hugh Bigod Earl of Norfolk Guarin Montchensey Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester William Ferrars Earl of Derby and William Breose with children honours and possessions Robert Fitz-Stephens Harvey de Mont Marish Maurice Prendergest Robert Barr. Meiler Meilerine Maurice Fitz-Girald Redmund nephew to Stephen William Ferrand Miles de Cogan Richard de Cogan Gualter de Ridensford Gualter sons of Maurice Girald Alexander sons of Maurice Girald William Notte Robert Fitz-Bernard Hugh de Lacy. William Fitz-Aldelm William Macarell Hunfrey Bohun Hugh de Gundevill Philip de Hasting Hugh Tirell David Walsh Robert Poer Osbert de Harloter William de Bendenge Adam de Gernez Philip de Breos Griffin Nephew of Stephen Ralph Fitz-Stephen Walter de Barry Philip Walsh Adam de Hereford To whom out of Giraldus Cambrensis may be added John de Curcy Hugh Contilon Redmond Cantimore Edmond Fitz-Hugh Miles of St. Davids and others The Government of the Kingdom of IRELAND SInce Ireland has been subject to the Crown of England the Kings of this Realm have ever sent their Vice-Roys to manage the publick affairs there who at first in their Letters Patents or Commissions Loâ—d Depâ—â—ies of â—â—â—â—and were stilled Keepers of Ireland after that Justices of Ireland or at pleasure Lieutenants and Deputies Their jurisdiction and authority is really large and Royal they make war and peace have power to fill all Magistracies and other Offices except some very few to pardon all crimes but those of high treason and to confer Knighthood c. These Letters Patents when any one enters upon this honourable office are publickly read and after the new Deputy has took a solemn oath of a certain set form for that purpose before the Chancellor the sword which is to be carried before him is delivered into his hands and he is seated in a Chair of state attended by the Chancellor of the Realm the Members of the Privy-Council the Peers and Nobles of the Kingdom the King at Arms a Serjeant at Arms and other Officers of State So that whether we consider his jurisdiction and authority or his train attendance and splendor there is certainly no Vice-roy in Christendom that comes nearer the grandeur and majesty of a King His Council are the Chancellor of the Realm the Treasurer and such others of the Earls Barons and Judges as are of the Privy-Council Orders or degrees iâ— Ireland For Ireland has the same orders and degrees of honour that England has Earls Barons Knights Esquires c. The Courts or Tribunals of IRELAND THE supream Court in Ireland is the Parliament which Parliament at the pleasure of the King of England is either called or dissolved by his Deputy â—as an 〈◊〉 12. and yet in Edward the second 's time it was enacted That Parliaments should be held in Ireland every year 2 Which seemeth yet not to have been effected Here are likewise observed foure Law-terms in the year as in England and five Courts of Justice held 〈◊〉 the a The Court was called The Court of Castle-chamber because it was usually kept in the Castle of Dublin but has never been held since the Court of Star-Chamber was supprest in England Star-Chamber the Chancery King's-Bench Common Pleas and the Exchequer Here are
sirnamed Albanach from his birth in Scotland seeing the fair Estate of this family devolved upon Leonell Duke of Clarence by a female was much concerned and drawing together a great body of lewd fellows who are ever to be had in Ireland as well as in other places enter'd by main force upon the estate of the Earls of Munster in this County and from his Grandfather whose reputation and power was then still fresh in remembrance Maâ—â—â—lâ—an 〈◊〉 calâ—â—â— Wiâ—â—â— Eughtâ— call'd himself Mac-William i.e. the son of William His posterity under that title have tyranniz'd in these parts breaking in upon one another with mutual slaughter and oppressing the poor people by their rapine and pillage so that hardly a village is left standing and unrifled by them 33 Sir Richard Richard Bingham Governour of Conaught a sharp man and fit to rule over such a fierce Province thought this was not to be endured wisely perceiving that these practices were the causes of rebellion barbarism and poverty in Ireland and that they corrupted the people so much as to their Allegiance that they hardly knew or acknowledged any other Prince than their own Lords Accordingly he was resolv'd to employ his thoughts and the utmost of his abilities to re-establish the King's power and overthrow the tyranny of this Mac-William and others wherein he persever'd tho' complain'd of both before the Queen and the Lord Deputy The Burks and their dependents who denied the juridiction and authority of all Laws took up arms at last against him drawing to their assistance the Clan-Donells Ioies and others who were apprehensive of their own danger and the diminution of their authority However Bingham easily suppressed them forced their Castles and drove them to the woods and by-places till the Lord Deputy upon their Petition commanded him by his Letters to desist and permit them to live quietly And they who had but now broke the peace were so far from a sense of the miseries of war that they were no sooner restored and had their lives given them but they took up arms again made inroads into all parts of the Country and turn'd all things to confusion saying they would either have their Mac-William to rule over them or send for one out of Spain that they would admit no Sheriffs for the future nor subject themselves to Law so they invited the Scots from the Hebrides to their assistance with promises of great estates The Lord Deputy sent orders to the Governour to suppress this insolent tumult who immediately thereupon offer'd them terms which being rejected he drew an army together and press'd them so closely in the woods and forests that after six or seven weeks grievous famine they were forced to submit At the same time their reinforcement from Scotland was upon their march seeking their way into the County of Maio to joyn them by strange unbeaten roads however their motions were so well watched by the Governour who was night and day upon his march that at length at Ardnary he intercepted them set upon them and defeated them there being in all kill'd or drowned in the river Moin to the number of three thousand This victory was not only famous then but of great consequence to after times as having put an end to that rebellion and the title of Mac-William and cut off Donell Coran and Alexander Carrogh the sons of James Mac-Conell and those Islanders who had ever most sadly infested Ireland These things I have briefly related 34 Out of my Annals though beyond the precise scope of my design the worth of them will entitle them to more room and a fuller account in an Historian The County of SLEGO UP higher the County of Slego very fit for grazing by reason of the excellent grass it produces lyes full upon the Sea bounded on the North by the River Trobis which Ptolemy calls Ravius springing from the Lough Ern in Ulster It is divided from Letrim and Roscoman which border upon it by the rugged Curlew-mountains and the river Succas Somewhere in this County Ptolemy places the City of Nagnata Nagnata but for my part I am not able to discover it The same Authour has likewise the River Libnius Libnius in these parts which has been misplaced by a mistake of transcribers and a little above is reduced to Dublin But the place which Ptolemy points at is now called the Bay of Slego a creeky road for ships just under the town which is the chief in this County adorned with a castle now the seat of the a O-Connor Sligo O-Connors sirnamed de Slego from this place and descended as they say from that Rotheric O-Conor Dun who was so potent that when the English invaded Ireland he acted as Monarch of that Kingdom and would hardly submit to King Henry the second but was often recoiling though he had promised submission And as an anonymous writer of that age says he was wont to exclaim against these words of Pope Adrian in his Diploma to the King of England as injurious to him You may enter into that Island V. Dipl lib. 2. cap. 6. Giral Cambren de Expugnatione p. 787. and do any thing therein that will contribute to God's glory and the well-being of the Country and let the people of that Island receive you and respect you as their Lord. And this he continued to protest against till Pope Alexander the third made another Diploma confirming this right to the Kings of England For then he grew milder and willing to hear of other terms as we shall observe hereafter The greatest families in these parts besides the O-Conors are O-Dono b O-Hara O-Haris c O-Gara O-Ghar and Mac-Donagh The County of LETRIM NExt to Slego on the East lyes Breany â—â—eany the Estate of that ancient family O Rorck descended from Rotherick Monarch of Ireland whom they call Rorck after their way of contracting and enjoy'd by them till Brien O Rorck Lord of Breany and Minterolise was inveigled by Pope Sixtus Quintus and the King of Spain to cast off his allegiance to Queen Elizabeth and take up arms against her Upon which he was presently forc'd to seek refuge in Scotland from whence he was sent into England and there hang'd for his inconsiderate folly The estate being thus forfeited to the Crown this territory was reduced into a County by John Perrott and from the head town in it called Letrim This is a Highland County very rank in grass but not so much as to verifie that of Solinus Grass grows so plentifully in Ireland that the beasts are certainly surfeited if they are not hindered to feed now and then So many herds are kept in this narrow County that it has reckoned above a hundred and twenty thousand head of cattle at one time The Bishoprick of Achonry now united to the See of Elphin lyes in this County as also the spring head of the Shanon and chief river in Ireland which
the * Dynastas petty Kings here that they willingly suffered their Seigniories to be reduced into Counties and admitted Sheriffs to govern them But being quickly recalled and aspiring after greater honours some envious persons that were too mighty for him together with the licentiousness of his own tongue for he had bolted out some words against his Sovereign who is not to be violated by word or thought brought him unawares to ruine The County of LOVTH THE County of Louth in old books call'd Luna and Luda Triel in Latin Urgalia in Irish Iriel or Uriel if that is not rather a part of this county lies beyond the County of Meath and the mouth of the river Boine toward the Irish Sea upon a winding and uneven shore running northwards full of forrage and so fertile that it easily gratifies the Industrious husbandman Near the mouth of the Boine stands Drogheda or Droghda in English Tredah Tredah a neat and populous town denominated from the a From whence Sir James Ware always calls it Pontana bridge and divided in the middle by the Boine King Edward the second endowed it with the privilege of a Market and Fair at the instance of Theobald Verdon and several great Liberties have been granted it by the Kings of England particularly the privilege of a Mint Near this stands Mellefont-Abbey founded by Donald King of Uriel Mellifont Monastery and commended by S. Bernard lately given by Queen Elizabeth to Sir Edward Moor Knight b Whose heir is now Earl of Drogheda a Kentish man born very deserving for his wise conduct both at home and abroad the Monks having been turned out some time before Seven miles from hence stands c Ardâ—e Ardeth a mid-land town pretty emiment and higher in the Country Dundalk Dundalk which has the benefit of a good haven and was formerly fortified with strong walls It was burnt by Edward Brus brother to the King of Scots who had proclaimed himself King of Ireland and was soon after cut off with 8200 of his men hard by Within the memory of our age it was besieged by Shan O Neal who was soon forced to raise the siege with dishonour Eight miles from hence stands Carlingford Carlingâ—â—â—d a pretty famous harbor And these are all the places that I know of memorable in this County Bermingâ—am who 〈◊〉 also caâ—led Briâ—â—tham â—arl of â—â—gh This Louth has given the title of Earl to 38 Sir John John Bermingham an English man conferr'd upon him by King Edward the second as a reward to his great valour after he had defeated and slain Edward Brus that momentary King of Ireland aforesaid who had ravag'd the country with great cruelty and slaughter for some time giving him the said Earldom to have and to hold to him and the heirs males of his body as also the Barony of Athenry But as the honour had its first life and being in this Gentleman so it expir'd with him for after he had come off safe from the Conquest of his enemies he was overcome and slain here in a popular insurrection with many others of the same name leaving no issue behind him This County likewise within the memory of our fathers Barons of Louth has given the title of Baron to Oliver Plonket conferr'd upon him by King Henry the eighth Families now remaining in this County are the Verdons Tates Clintons Bellews or de Bella Aqua Dowdalls Gernons Hadsors Wottons Brandons Mores Warrens Chamberlains and many others of English original of Irish are the Mac-Mahons c. The County of CAVON NExt to this on the west lyes the County of Cavon 〈◊〉 Breaâ—â— Reiley formerly called East Breany Here lives the Family of the O Reileys who derive themselves from the Ridleys of England though their manners and course of life is mere Irish Not long ago this family was eminent for their Cavalry which are now weakened by the wise conduct of 39 Sir Henry Henry Sidney who divided this territory of theirs into seven Baronies The Lords of it all of this family hold immediately by Knights-service of the Crown of England Their way of living is not usualy in towns but in castles they have a Bishoprick among them Bishopric of Kilmore Poor Bishâ—ps but very mean and inconsiderable the See whereof is at Kilmore However this Bishop is not so poor neither as those Irish Bishops who had no other revenues or subsistance than three Milk-cows with this favourable custom that if they went dry the Parish was to give others in exchange for them as Adam Bremensis relates from the information of some of them returning out of Italy by Germany The County of FERMANAGH ON the west and north beyond Cavon lyes Fermanagh formerly inhabited by the Erdini a Country well wooded and full of bogs In the very middle of it lyes the greatest and most famous Lake in this Kingdom call'd Lough Erne 〈◊〉 Erne extended at least forty miles shaded with thick woods and full of inhabited Islands some of which contain no less than two or three hundred acres a piece And withal so well stor'd with Pike Trout Salmon and other fish that the Fishermen oftner complain of too great plenty and the breaking of their nets than of any want This lake does not stretch from east to west as the Maps describe it as I am inform'd by those who have took a full survey of it it begins at Bal-tarbet â—â—â—arbet which is the utmost village in the County of Cavon northward and reaches from south to north fourteen miles in length and four in breadth Before it has gone very far it contracts it self as narrow as the chanel of an ordinary river and so continues for six miles together Upon the lough in this narrow place stands a This is the famous Town of Iniskilling so often mentioned in the accounts of the late wars and of the rebellion in 1641. Iniskilling the best Fort of these parts defended in the year 1593 by the rebels and taken by Dowdall a gallant Captain From hence as it turns westward it is at its full bigness being as far as Belek Belek for twenty miles together at least ten miles broad and within a little of that it has a great fall or Cataract which they call the Salmons leap Here is a current report among the people living hereabouts that this Lough was formerly firm ground well cultivated and full of inhabitants and that it was suddenly overwhelmed and turned into a lake to extinguish the abominable crime of buggery then among them God Almighty says Giraldus the author of Nature condemned this land as guilty of those filthy and unnatural acts which rendered it not only unfit for the first Inhabitants but any other that might come after The Irish Annals lay this to the charge of certain Scotch-Refugees that were driven from the Hebrides and took up here The most noble and powerful
in good order protected the weak but still continued insolent and cruel to the Nobility insomuch that they petitioned the Lord Deputy for protection and relief whereupon he grew more outragious dispossest Mac-Guir Lord of Fermanagh with fire and sword who had under hand accus'd him burnt the Metropolitan Church of Armagh and besieged Dundalk but this proved ineffectual partly by the valour of the Garison and partly by the apprehension of being suppressed by William Sarfield the Mayor of Dublin who was on his march towards him with the flower of his Citizens However he made cruel ravages in the adjacent Country To put a stop to these bold and outragious proceedings 6 Sir Henry Sidney the Lord Deputy set out himself and was advancing at the head of an Army against him but wisely detach'd seven companies of foot and a â—ry Sidâ—â—â— Lord â—oxy 〈…〉 troop of horse beforehand under the conduct of Edward Randolph a famous old soldier by sea into the North parts of Ireland where they encamped themselves at Derry upon Loghfoil to be upon the rear of the enemy Shan fearing this immediately marched thither and with all his force endeavoured to remove them upon this attack Randolph issued out upon him and though he valiantly lost his own life in the engagement yet he gave the enemy such a defeat that from that time forward they were never able to keep the field so that Shan finding himself weaken'd by slight skirmishes and deserted by his soldiers was once resolved to go and throw himself with a halter about his neck at the mercy of the Lord Deputy But his Secretary perswading him rather to rely upon the friendship of the Scots who under the conduct of Alexander Oge i.e. the younger were now encampt in Claneboy he sent Surley boy Alexander's brother whom he had detained prisoner a long time to prepare the way and soon after followed him with the wife of O-Donnell his adultress The Scots received him kindly and with some few of his adherents he was admitted into a tent where after some cups they began to resent the fate of James Mac-Conell the brother of Alexander whom Shan had killed and the dishonour done to James's sister whom Shan had married and put away whereupon Alexander Oge and his brother Mac-Gillaspic took fire and giving the signal for revenge all fell upon Shan with their drawn swords and hewed him to death by which peace was restored to that Province in the year 1567. A little after this a Parliament was called at Dublin wherein an Act passed for the Attainder of Shan and annexing most of the Counties and Seigniories of Ulster to the person of the Queen and her Successors and for prohibiting any one ftom taking the stile and title of O-Neal hereafter Notwithstanding this was soon after assumed by Turlogh Leinigh Brother's son to this Con More O-Neal already spoken of who was now towards the decline of his age and therefore of a more calm temper but the rather because he lay under some apprehensions from Shan's sons and Hugh Baron of Dunganon his son though he had marryed his daughter to him whom soon after he put away and married another This Turlogh being very obsequious and dutiful to the Queen of England gave no disturbance to the English but prov'd a very troublesome neighbour to O-Donell and the Island Scots and in a skirmish cut off Alexander Oge who had killed Shan O-Neal Hugh the son of Matthew called Baron of Dunganon who lived sometimes obscurely in his own country and sometimes in England in the service of some of our Nobility began to rise from this mean condition to some degree of eminence The Queen made him Captain of a troop of horse in the war against the Earl of Desmond and allowed him an yearly pension of a thousand marks whereupon he behaved himself gallantly against the rebels in all encounters and at length exhibited a Bill in Parliament That by vertue of a Grant made to his Grandfather an Act might be pass'd for his restitution to the title and dignity of Earl of Ter-Oen and to the estate of his Ancestors As for the title and dignity of Earl of Ter-Oen it was granted without any difficulty but the estate of his Ancestors being annext to the Crown by the Attainder of Shan O-Neal it was wholly referred to the Queen who graciously gave it him in consideration of his services already done her and those she still expected hereafter Yet first she provided that the Province should be surveyed and laid out into proper districts one or two places reserv'd in her own hands for garisons particularly the Fort at Black-water that provision should be made for the maintenance of the sons of Shan and Turlogh and that he should pretend to no authority over any Seigniories beyond the County of Ter-Oen though they bordered upon it Having willingly received it with all these conditions he return'd his thanks to her Majesty with great expressions both of the reality of this address and of his sincere resolution to serve her with the utmost of his diligence authority and affection for these favours and indeed it may be said of him that he performed his promise and that the Queen could expect no more from the most faithful subject she had than he did His body was able to endure the miseries either of labour watching or want his industry was very great his mind excellent and capable of the greatest employments he had a great knowledge in the affairs of war and was so profound and unfathomable a dissembler that some foretold at that time He would either prove the greatest good or the greatest hurt to Ireland He gave such testimonies of his valour and loyalty that the Queen her self interceeded with Turlogh Leinigh for his Seigniory and got him to surrender it upon conditions After Leinigh's death he usurped the title of O-Neal notwithstanding it was made capital by Act of Parliament excusing it as done purely to anticipate others that would perhaps assume it and promising to relinquish it but begg'd earnestly that no oath might be press'd upon him for performance About this time the Spanish Armado which had in vain attempted to invade England was dispersed and routed many of them in their return were shipwreckt in the Irish Sea and great numbers of the Spaniards thrown upon the coast of Ireland the Earl of Ter-Owen was faid to have kindly received some of them and to have treated with them about making a private league between him and the King of Spain Upon this account he was accused before the Queen and no slight evidence brought against him by Hugh Ne-Gaveloc i.e. in Fetters the natural son of Shan so called from his being kept in fetters for a long time which so enraged the Earl that afterward he had him apprehended and commanded him to be strangled but had much ado to find an Executioner the people had so much veneration for the blood of the O-Neals
killed with a stone and buried in Iona. 1230. Olave came with Godred Don and the Norwegians to Man and they divided the Kingdom Olave was to have Man Godred being gone to the Isles was slain in Lodhus So Olave came to be sole King of the Isles 1237. On the twelfth of the Calends of June died Olave the son of Godred King of Man in St. Patrick's Isle and was buried in the Abbey of Russin He reigned eleven years two in the life time of his brother and nine after His son Harald then fourteen years old succeeded him and reigned twelve years In the first year of his reign he went to the Isles and made Loglen his Kinsman Keeper of Man In the autumn following Harald sent three sons of Nell viz. Dufgald Thorquel and Molmore and his friend Joseph to Man to consider of affairs Accordingly on the twenty fifth day they met at Tingala where upon a quarrel that then happened between the sons of Nell and Loglen there arose a sore fight on both sides in which Dufgald Mormor and the said Joseph lost their lives In the spring following King Harald came to the Isle of Man and Loglen who fled into Wales with Godred the son of Olave his pupil was cast away with about forty others 1238. Gospatrick and Gillescrist the son of Mac-Kerthac came from the King of Norway into Man and kept out Harald converting the tributes of the Country to the service of the King of Norway because he had refused to appear in person at the Court of that King 1240. Gospatric died and was buried in the Abbey of Russin 1239. Harald went to the King of Norway who after two years confirmed to him his heirs and successors under his Seal all the Islands that his Predecessors had enjoyed 1242. Harald returned out of Norway to Man was honourably received by the Inhabitants and made peace with the Kings of England and Scotland 1247. Harald as his father had been before him was Knighted by the King of England and returned home with many presents The same year the King of Norway sent for him and a match was made between Harald and his daughter In the year 1249 as he was on his voyage home with with her accompanied with Laurence the elect King of Man and many of the Nobility and Gentry he was cast away by a sudden storm near the coasts of Radland 1249. Reginald the son of Olave and brother to Harald began his reign the day before the Nones of May and on the thirtieth day thereof was slain by one Yvar a Knight and his accomplices in a meadow near Trinity Church on the south side His Corps were buried in the Church of S. Mary of Russin Alexander King of Scots prepared a great fleet about this time intending to conquer the Isles but a feavor seized him in the Isle of Kerwaray whereof he died Harald the son of Godred Don assumed the title of King of the Islands banished all the Noblemen that Harald King Olave's son had preferred and instead of them recalled such as were fled from him 1250. Harald the son of Godred Don upon letters mandatory from the King of Norway went to him and was imprisoned for his unjust usurpation The same year Magnus son of Olave and John the son of Dugald who named himself King arrived at Roghalwaht but the people of Man taking it ill that Magnus had not that title beat them off their coast and many of them were cast away 1252. Magnus the son of Olave came to Man and was made King The next year after he went and took a voyage to the Court of Norway and tarried there a year 1254. Haco King of Norway made Magnus the son of Olave King of the Isles confirming them to him and his heirs and expresly to his brother Harald 1256. Magnus King of Man went into England and there was Knighted by the King 1257. The Church of S. Mary of Russin was consecrated by Richard of Sodore 1260. Haco King of Norway came to Scotland and without effecting any thing died in his return to Orkneys at Kirwas and was buried at Bergh 1265. This year died Magnus the son of Olave King of Man and of the Islands at Russin castle and was buried in S. Mary's Church there 1266. The Kingdom of the Isles was translated by means of Alexander King of Scots What follows was written in a different and later Character 1270. On the seventh of October Alexander the King of Scots's navy arrived at Roghalwath and before sun-rise next morning a battle was fought between the Inhabitants of Man and the Scots who slew five hundred thirty five of the former whence that of a certain Poet L. decies X. ter penta duo cecidere Mannica gens de te damna futura cave 1313. Robert King of Scots besieged the castle of Russin which was defended by Dingawy Dowyll and at last took it 1316. Upon Ascension-day Richard de Mandevile and his brothers with others of the Irish Nobility arrived at Ramaldwath desiring a supply of money and victuals being stript of all by continual depredations When the Commonalty denied it they took the field in two bodies against those of Man advancing still till they came to the side of Warthfell-hill in a field where John Mandevile was posted Upon engaging they carried the victory spoiled the Isle and the Abbey of Russin Thus far out of that ancient Book and after a whole months ravagement they returned home full fraught with pillage The end of the Chronicle of the Kings of Man A Continuation of the foregoing History collected out of other Authors ALexander the third King of Scots having made himself master of the Western Islands partly by his sword and partly by purchase from the King of Norway at last invaded Man also as one of that number and by the valiant conduct of Alexander Steward entirely subdued it and set a King over the Isle upon this condition that he should be ready to assist him with ten ships in any of his wars by Sea when ever he demanded them However Mary the daughter of Reginald King of Man who was the Liege-man of John K. of England address'd her self to the King of England for justice in this case Answer was made That the King of Scots was then possess'd of the Island and she ought to apply her self to him Lords of Man Her grandchild by a son John Waldebeof for Mary married into this family notwithstanding this sued again for his right in Parliament held the 33d of Edw. the first urging it there before the King of England as Lord Paramount of Scotland Yet all the answer he could have was as it is in the very Record That he might prosecute his title before the Justices of the King's Bench let it be heard there and let justice be done But what he could not effect by law his kinsmanâ— 1 Sir William Hol. William Montacute for he was of the royal
and his Sister Isabel de Albeny Countess of Arundel Isabel the second Sister was married to Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester she had Richard de Clare Earl of Glocester and the Lady Anise Countess of * Perhaps â—evonia Averna â—â—â—e uxoris who was Mother of Isabel the †Mother of the Lord Robert Brus Earl of Carrick in Scotland afterwards King of that Nation â—is place 〈◊〉 corrupâ—â—d From Eva Brus the third Sister descended Maud the Mother of the Lord Edmund Mortimer Mother of the Lady Eva de Cauntelow Mother of the Lady Milsoud de Mohun who was Moâ—â—er to Dame Eleanor Mother to the Earl of Hereford Joan â—arshall the fourth Sister was married to the Lord Guarin of Mount â—hinsey and had Issue Joan de Valens Sybil Countess of Ferâ—â—s the fifth Sister had Issue seven Daughters the eldest call'd â—â—gnes Vescie Mother of the Lord John and the Lord William Vesâ—â—e the second Isabel Basset the third Joan Bohun Wife to the â—ord John Mohun Son of the Lord Reginald the fourth Sibyl â—ohun Wife to the Lord Francis Bohun Lord of Midhurst the fifth Eleanor Vaus Wife to the Earl of Winchester the sixth * Agatha Agas Mortimer Wife to the Lord Hugh Mortimer â—â—e seventh Maud Kyme Lady of Karbry These are all both â—ales and Females the Posterity of the said William Earl Marshal MCCXX. The Translation of S. Thomas of Canterbury The â—â—me year died the Lord Meiler Fitz-Henry founder of Connal â—nd was buried in the Chapter-House of the said Foundation MCCXXIV The Castle of Bedford was besieg'd and the Castle â—f Trim in Ireland MCCXXV Died Roger Pippard and in the year MCCXXVIII â—â—ed William Pippard formerly Lord of the Salmon-leap This â—ear died likewise Henry Londres alias Scorch-Villeyn Archbishop â—f Dublin and was buried in Trinity-church there MCCXXX Henry King of England gave Hubert Burk â—â—e Justiceship and the Third Penny of Kent and â—ade him also Earl of Kent Afterward the same Hubert was â—â—prison'd and great Troubles arose between the King and his â—â—bjects because he adher'd to Strangers more than to his own naâ—â—ral Subjects MCCXXXI William Mareschall the younger Earl Marshal and â—arl of Pembrock departed this life and was buried in the Quire â—f the Friers Predicants in Kilkenny MCCXXXIV Richard Earl Mareschall Earl of Pembrock and â—rogull was wounded in a Battel in the Plain of Kildare on the â—â—st day before the Ides of April and some few days after died in Kilkeny and there was buried hard by his * Girmanum natural Brother viz. William in the Quire of the Friers Predicants Of whom this was written Cujus sub fossa Kilkennia continet ossa MCCXL Walter Lacy Lord of Meth died this year in Engâ—â—nd leaving two Daughters to inherit his Estate of whom the â—â—rst was married to Sir Theobald Verdon and the second to Gefâ—ery de Genevile MCCXLIII This year died Hugh Lacy Earl of Ulster and â—as buried in Cragsergus in the Convent of the Friers Minors â—eaving a Daughter who was married to Walter Burk Earl of Ulster The same year died Lord Gerald Fitz-Maurice and Lord â—ichard de Burgo MCCXLVI An Earthquake about nine of the Clock over all â—he West MCCXLVIII Sir John Fitz-Geffery came Lord Justiciary into â—reland MCCL. Lewis King of France and William Long-Espee were â—aken Prisoners with many others by the Saracens In Ireland Maccanewey a Son of Belial was slain in Leys as he deserv'd In the year MCCLI. The Lord Henry Lacy was born Upon Christmas-day likewise Alexander King of Scots in the 11th year of his Age was then contracted with Margaret the daughter of the King of England at York MCCLV Alan de la Zouch was made and came Justiciary into Ireland MCCLVII This year died the Lord Maurice Fitz-Gerald MCCLIX Stephen Long-Espee came Justiciary into Ireland The green Castle in Ulster was demolish'd William Dene was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXI The Lord John Fitz-Thomas and the Lord Maurice his Son were slain in Desmond by Mac Karthy Item William Dene Justiciary dy'd and Sir Richard Capel put in his room the same year MCCLXII Richard Clare Earl of Glocester died this year as also Martin de Maundevile on the morrow of S. Bennet's day MCCLXIV Maurice Fitz-Gerald and Maurice Fitz-Maurice took Prisoners Richard Capel the Lord Theobald Botiller and the Lord John Cogan at Tristel-Dermot MCCLXVII David de Barry was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXVIII Comin Maurice Fitz-Maurice was drown'd The Lord Robert Ufford was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXIX The Castle of Roscoman was begun this year Richard of Exeter was made Justiciary MCCLXX The Lord James de Audley came Justiciary into Ireland MCCLXXI Henry the son of the King of Almain was slain in the Court of Rome Plague Famine and Sword rag'd this year particularly in Meth. Nicholas de Verdon and his Brother John were slain Walter de Burgo Earl of Ulster died MCCLXXII The Lord James Audley Justiciary of England was kill'd by a fall from his Horse in Tothomon and was succeeded in this Office by the Lord Maurice Fitz-Maurice MCCLXXIII The Lord Geffery Genevile return'd from the Holy Land and was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXXIV Edward the son of King Henry was anointed and crown'd King of England by Robert Kilwarby a Frier-Predicant Archbishop of Canterbury upon S. Magnus the Martyr's day in the Church of Westminster in the presence of all the Nobility and Gentry His Protestation and Oath was in this form I Edward son and heir of King Henry do profess protest and promise before God and his holy Angels from this time forward to maintain without partiality the Law Justice and Peace of the Church of God and the People subject unto me so far as we can devise by the counsel of our liege and legal Ministers as also to exhibit due and canonical Honour to the Bishops of God's Church to preserve unto them inviolably whatsoever has been granted by former Emperors and Kings to the Church of God and to pay due Honour to the Abbots and the Lord's Ministers according to the advice of our Lieges c. so help me God and the holy Gospels of the Lord. This year died the Lord John Verdon and the Lord Thomas de Clare came into Ireland And William Fitz-Roger Prior of the Hospitallers was taken Prisoner at Glyndelory with many others and more slain MCCLXXV The Castle of Roscoman was built again The same year Modagh was taken Prisoner at Norragh by Sir Walter le Faunte MCCLXXVI Robert Ufford was made Justiciary of Ireland upon the surrender of Geffery de Genevill MCCLXXVII O Brene slain MCCLXXVIII The Lord David Barry died this year as also the Lord John Cogan MCCLXXIX The Lord Robert d'Ufford went into England and appointed Frier Robert de Fulborne Bishop of Waterford to supply his place In whose time the Mony was chang'd A Round Table was also held at Kenylworth by Roger Lord Mortimer MCCLXXX Robert d'Ufford return'd from England
defeated This occasion'd a general Insurrection in Scotland of both Earls and Barons against the King of England There was also at this time a Quarrel between the King of England and Roger Bigod Earl Marshal but this was soon made up S. Lewis a Frier minor Son of the King of Sicily and Archbishop of Cologn died this year This year also the son and heir of the King of Maliager i.e. of the Islands of Majorac instituted the Order of the Friers-minors at the direction of S. Lewis who bid him go and do it Item Leghlin in Ireland with other Towns were burnt by the Irish of Slemergi Item Calwagh O Hanlen and Yneg Mac-Mahon were slain in Urgale MCCXCVIII Pope Boniface IV. on the morrow of the Feast of S. Peter â—â—d S. Paul all things being then quiet made Peace between England â—â—d France upon certain Terms Item Edward King of England â—â—d an Army again into Scotland to conquer it There were slain 〈◊〉 this Expedition about the Feast of S. Mary Magdalen many â—â—ousands of the Scots at Fawkirk The Sun appear'd that day 〈◊〉 red as Blood in Ireland while the Battel at Fawkirk continu'd â—â—em about the same time the Lord King of England gave his Knights the Earldoms and Baronies of those Scots that were slain â—n Ireland Peace was concluded between the Earl of Ulster and the Lord John Fitz-Thomas about the Feast of Simon and Jude Also â—â—e morrow after the Feast of the seven Sleepers the Sun-beams â—ere chang'd into a bloodish colour all the morning to the great â—dmiration of every one Item This year died Thomas Fitz-â—aurice Knight and Sir Robert Bigod sometime Justiciary in the â—ench Item In the City Artha as also Reath in Italy during â—â—e stay of Pope Boniface there happen'd so great an Earthquake â—â—at Towers and Palaces fell down and the Pope and his Cardiâ—als fled out of the City with great consternation Item on the Feast of Epiphany there was an Earthquake in Engâ—â—nd from Canterbury to Hampton but not so violent MCCXCIX Theobald Lord Botilter the younger died in the Mannor of Turby on the second day before the Ides of May His Corps were convey'd towards Weydeney i. e Weney in the County of Limerick on the 6th day before the Calends of June Item Edward King of England married the Lady Margaret Sister to the noble King of France in Trinity-church at Canterâ—ury about the Feast of the Holy Trinity Item the Sultan of Baâ—ylon with a great Army was defeated by Cassan King of Tarâ—â—ry MCCXCIX On the day after the Purification there was an inâ—â—â—ite number of Saracen-horse slain besides as many Foot Item There was this same year a Fight of Dogs at Genelon-castle in â—urgundy the number of the Dogs were 3000 and all kill'd but â—â—e Item This year many Irish came to the Castle of Roch â—efore the Annunciation to give some disturbance to the Lord Theâ—bald de Verdon MCCC The * Numisma Pollardorum Pollard-mony was prohibited in England and Ireland Item King Edward enter'd Scotland with an Army in Autumn but was stay'd by an order from Pope Boniface and to excuse himself sent certain Envoys to the Court of Rome Item Thomas son â—o the King of England was born at Brotherton by Margaret the King of France's Sister on the last day of May. Item Edward Earl of Cornwall dy'd this year without issue and was buried in â—he Abby of Hailes MCCCI. Edward King of England enter'd Scotland with an Army Sir John Wogan Justiciary of Ireland and Sir John Fitz-Thomas Peter Bermingham and many others set sail from Ireâ—and to assist him Item A great part of the City of Dublin was â—urnt down together with the Church of S. Warbutga on S. Caâ—â—mb's day at night Item Sir Jeffrey Genevil married the daughâ—er of Sir John Montefort and Sir John Mortimer married the daughter and heir of Sir Peter Genevil and the Lord Theobald Verdon married the daughter of the Lord Roger Mortimer The People of Leinster took up Arms in the Winter and burnt the Towns of Wyklo and Rathdon c. but they suffer'd for 't for the greater â—art of their Provisions at home was burnt up and their Cattel â—ole so that they had certainly famish'd if a sedition had not hapned among the English at that juncture Item A small company of the Brenies were defeated this year by the Tolans and 300 of those Robbers were cut off Item A great part of Mounster was wasted by Walter Power and many Farm-houses burnt MCCCII This year died the Lady Margaret Wife to Sir John Wogan Justiciary of Ireland on the 3d day before the Ides of April And in the week following Maud Lacy the Wife of Sir Geffery Genevil died also Item Edmund Botiller recoverd the Mannour de S. Bosco Holywood forte with the Appurtenances thereunto belonging from Sir Richard Feringes Archbishop of Dublin by a Fine in the King's bench after the feast of S. Hilary Item the Flemings defeated the French in Flanders at Courtenay the Wednesday after the feast of S. Thomas In this Engagement were slain the Earl of Artois the Earl of Albemarle the Earl of Hue Ralph de Neel Constable of France Guy de Nevil Marshal of France the Earl of Hennaund's son Godfrey de Brabant and his son William de Fenles and his son James de S. Paul lost his hand and fourty Baronets were kill'd that day with Knights Squires c. without number The Tenths of all Ecclesiastical Benefices in England and Ireland were exacted by Pope Boniface for three years as a Subsidy for the Church of Rome against the King of Arragon Item upon the day of the Circumcision Sir Hugh Lacy made an inroad upon Sir Hugh Vernail and drove off his Beasts This year Robert Brus Earl of Carrick married Elizabeth the daughter of Sir Richard Bourk Earl of Ulster Item Edward Botiller married the daughter of Sir John Fitz-Thomas The City of Bourdeaux with others thereabouts which Edward King of England had formerly lost by a sedition of the French were now restor'd upon S. Andrew's-eve by the means of the Lord John Hastings MCCCIII Richard Bourk Earl of Ulster and Sir Eustace Power invaded Scotland with a strong Army But after that the Earl himself had made 33 Knights in the Castle of Dublin he passed over into Scotland to assist the King of England Item Gerald the son and heir of Sir John Fitz-Thomas departed this life This year the King and Queen of France were excommunicated with all their Children by Pope Boniface who also confirm'd the privileges of the University of Paris Soon after the Pope was taken Prisoner and kept as it were in Prison three whole days Soon after the Pope dy'd The Countess of Ulster died likewise about this time Item Walran Wellesly and Sir Robert Percivall were slain this year on the 11th day before the Kalends of November MCCCIV A great part of Dublin was burnt down viz. the Bridge-street a good part of
Followers met together to concert what measures were to be taken against the Scots this Debate continued for a whole week and at last they came to no Resolution tho' their Army amounted to 30000 armed Men or thereabouts On Thursday in Easter-week Roger Mortimer arriv'd at Yoghall with the King's Commission for he was Chief Justice at that time and on the Monday following went in great haste to the Army having sent his Letters to Edmund Botiller who as it has been said was formerly Chief Justice to enterprise nothing before his Arrival against the Scots but before Mortimer got to the Camp he admonish'd Brus to retreat so in the Night Brus march'd towards Kildare and in the week after the English return'd home to their several Countries and the Ulster-Army came to Naas At the same time two Messengers were sent from Dublin to the King of England to give him an account of the state of Ireland and the delivery of Ulster and to take his Majesty's advice upon the whole At the same time likewise Roger Lord Mortimer Justiciary of Ireland and the Irish Nobility were met together at Kilkenny to consider how they might most conveniently proceed against Brus but came to no Resolution About a month after Easter Brus came with an Army within four Leagues or thereabouts of Trym under the covert of a certain Wood and there continu'd for about a week or more to refresh his Men who were almost undone with fatigue and hunger which occasion'd a great mortality among them Afterwards on S. Philip and James's-day the said Brus began his march towards Ulster and after the said feast Roger Lord Mortimer Chief Justice of Ireland came to Dublin with John Lord Wogan Sir Fulk Warin and thirty other Knights with their Retinue who held a Parliament with all the Nobility of the Kingdom at Kylmainan but came to no conclusion but about the delivery of the Earl of Ulster On the Sunday before the Ascension they held another Parliament at Dublin and there thc Earl of Ulster was deliver'd upon Mainprise Hostages and Oath which were That he should never by himself nor any of his Friends and Followers do or procure any mischief to the Citizens of Dublin for his apprehension save only what the Law allow'd him in those Cases against such Offenders whereupon he had till the Nativity of S. John allow'd him for that benefit but he came not Item This year Corn and other Victuals were exceeding dear Wheat was sold at three and twenty Shillings the Cranock and Wine for eight pence and the whole Country was in a manner laid waste by the Scots and those of Ulster Many House-keepers and such as were formerly able to relieve others were now reduc'd to Beggary themselves and great numbers famish'd The dearth and mortality was so severe that many of the Poor died At the same time Messengers arriv d at Dublin from England with Pardons to make use of as they should see fit but the Earl was deliver'd before they came And at the feast of Pentecost Mortimer Lord Chief Justice set forward for Drogheda from whence he went to Trym sending his Letters to the Lacies to repair to him but they refus'd the Summons with contempt Afterwards Sir Hugh Crofts Knight was sent to treat of a Peace with the Lacies but was unworthily slain by them After that the Lord Mortimer drew an Army together against the Lacies by which means their Goods Cattle and Treasures were all seiz'd many of their Followers cut off and they themselves drove into Conaught and ruin'd It was reported That Sir Walter Lacy went out as far as Ulster to seek Brus. Item About the feast of Pentecost the Lord Aumar Valence and his son were taken Prisoners in S. Cinere a Town in Flanders and convey'd from thence into Almain The same year on the Monday after the Nativity of S. John the Baptist a Parliament of the Nobility was held at Dublin by which the Earl of Ulster was acquitted who found Security and took his Oath to answer the King's writs and to fight against the King's Enemies both Scots and Irish Item On the feast of S. Process and Martinian Thomas Dover a resolute Pyrate was taken in a Sea-engagement by Sir John Athy and forty of his Men or thereabouts cut off his Head was brought by him to Dublin Item On the day of S. Thomas's Translation Sir Nicholas Balscot brought word from England That two Cardinals were come from the Court of Rome to conclude a Peace and that they had a Bull for excommunicating all such as should disturb or break the King's Peace Item On the Thursday next before the feast of S. Margaret Hugh and Walter Lacy were proclaim'd Felons and Traytors to their King for breaking out into war against his Majesty Item On the Sunday following Roger Lord Mortimer Chief Justice of Ireland march'd with his whole Army towards Drogheda At the same time the Ulster-men took a good Booty near Drogheda but the Inhabitants sallied out and retook it in this action Miles Cogan and his Brother were both slain and six other great Lords of Ulster were taken Prisoners and brought to the Castle of Dublin Afterwards Mortimer the Lord Chief Justice led his Army against O Fervill and commanded the Malpass to be cut down and all his Houses to be spoil d After this O Fervill submitted and gave Hostages Item Roger Lord Mortimer Chief Justice march'd towards Clony and empannell'd a Jury upon Sir John Blunt viz. White of Rathregan by this he was found guilty and was fin'd two hundred marks On Sunday after the feast of the Nativity of the blessed Marie Mortimer march'd with a great Army against the Irish of O Mayl and came to Glinsely where in a sharp Encounter many were slain on both sides but the Irish had the worst Soon after O Brynne came and submitted Whereupon Roger Mortimer return'd with his Men to Dublin-castle On S. Simon and Jude's-day the Archeboldes were permitted to enjoy the King's Peace upon the Mainprise of the Earl of Kildare At the feast of S. Hilary following a Parliament was held at Lincoln to conclude a Peace between the King the Earl of Lancaster and the Scots The Scots continued peaceable and quiet and the Archbishop of Dublin and the Earl of Ulster stay'd in England by the King's Order to attend that Parliament About the feast of Epiphany News came to Dublin That Hugh Canon Lord Chief Justice of the King's-bench was slain between Naas and Castle-Martin by Andrew Bermingham Item At the feast of the Purification of the blessed Virgin Mary came the Pope's Bulls whereupon Alexander Bicknor was confirm'd and consecrated Archbishop of Dublin and the Bulls were read and publish'd in Trinity-church Another Bull was read at the same time for establishing a Peace for two years between the King of England and Robert Brus King of Scotland But Brus refus'd to comply with it These things were thus transacted about the feast of
The Normans bore such a sway in his Court as to give the Customs and Language of their own Country an air and authority here in England so that even in his time it begun to be thought a piece of good breeding to be Master of the French Carriage and to run down the English as rough and barbarous When the way was open'd before hand we need not be much surpriz'd to find in the next reign so very few Ingulpâ— p 98. who could even read the Saxon Character or to hear that the main objection against Wolstan Bishop of Worcester was Mat. Par. sub An. 1005. that he did not understand the French Tongue In short the old Saxon grew so fast out of request Chron. Sax. that their common talk about the latter end of Henry the second would pass at this day for good broken English and be intelligible enough After it was disus'd in common Conversation we cannot imagine that the Books should be much minded The Monks indeed were concern'd to preserve their Charters but those who seiz'd upon the Church-Lands at the Dissolution of Monasteries were as much concern'd to have them destroy'd And to do it the more effectually they wisely burnt whole Libraries together or if they sav'd them out of the fire it was with no other design than to furnish the Shops of Mechanicks with waste Paper The havock was so universal and the use of them so little understood that it was purely by chance that any were preserv'd With what resolution must we suppose a man arm'd to engage in a work of so much confusion A Language that had lain dead for above four hundred years to be reviv'd the Books wherein it was bury'd to be rak'd out of ashes and which was yet worse those Fragments such as they were so very hard to be met with Almost the whole stock of the Kingdom came into three Collections that of Archbishop Parker given to Bennet College in Cambridge Archbishop Laud's given to the Bodleian Library and that of Sir Robert Cotton now the richest Treasure of that noble Library Nor was this condition peculiar to the Saxon Monuments all our English Historians were in the same circumstances They suffer'd as much by the Dissolution lay in as many holes and corners and were altogether as hard to come by And yet without these Mr. Camden's design was at a stand It was a true sense of the use of such Originals and of his own great misfortune in not being better furnisht that induc'd him afterwards to publish an entire Volume of them Sir Henry Savil collected another and those two Leaders have been follow'd by the Editors of the Decem Scriptores by Dr. Wats Mr. Fulman Dr. Gale and Mr. Wharton Had he entred upon his work with these advantages he had met with his Materials in a much narrower compass and found his task infinitely more easie Thus the same hand remov'd the Rubbish laid the Foundation and rais'd the Fabrick The old Itinerary was settled the British and Saxon Tongues conquer'd our ancient Historians perus'd Besides his Travels before he came to Westminster and his frequent Excursions so often as his business in the School would give him leave in April 1582. he took a Journey into Yorkshire through Suffolk and return'd through Lancashire See his Diary several parts of England survey'd and now he durst think of reducing his Collections to some method and order It had been above ten years in growing when the first Edition came out An. 1586. dedicated to that eminent Statesman William Lord Burghley Treasurer to Queen Elizabeth How well it was receiv'd we may appeal to the several Editions In the compass of four years there were no less than three at London besides that at Francfort in 1590. another in Germany and again another in London in 1594. To bear so many Impressions in so short a compass was a very extraordinary matter at that time when Books were not half so much read and relish'd as they are at present In short we may perhaps safely affirm that Mr. Camden was the only person living that was not satisfy'd with it For tho' men are generally but too fond of their own and so inclin'd to partiality in the main yet 't is certain that every Author understands the particular failings of his Work infinitely better than the nicest Critick that pretends to censure it Just as an intimate acquaintance sees farther into the odd humours and ill qualities of his friend than another that but accidentally falls into his company once or twice But the general applause it met with could not draw him to any extravagant thoughts of what he had done already nor tempt him to slacken his pursuit for the future No he that had weigh'd the matter knew best what could be done and what vast improvements it might receive from time and opportunities His own searches led him daily into new discoveries the continual information of Friends encreas'd the treasure both these help'd him out of numbers of doubts and scruples and so made way for new matter which he had suppress'd before out of a tenderness of imposing Errors upon mankind Thus when a design is well laid it thrives strangely new matter breaks in upon us almost whatever we read hear see or do turns one way or other to the main account And when the Standard is thus fixt assistance pours in from all parts as it were to the head quarters Most of the other Editions had been refin'd enlarg'd and corrected by the Author but they came too fast upon him to do so much as he desir'd After that of 1594. he resolv'd it should rest for some time and be gathering Two years after he took a journey to Sarum and Wells and return'd by Oxford After two years more he travell'd as far as Carlisle along with Sir Robert Cotton But in the midst of those preparations for a more compleat edition he was unexpectedly interrupted and instead of laying out his thoughts and endeavours after fresh discoveries was call'd to a defence of what he had already publish'd The occasion of it was this D. Smith's Life of Camden p. 34. In the year 1597. upon the death of Richard Leigh Clarenceux King at Arms Sir Fulk Grevil recommended Mr. Camden to the Queen as a person every way qualified for the place and one that had highly deserv'd of her Majesty and her Kingdoms The Queen without more ado gives him a grant and Mr. Camden accordingly was created Octob. 23. in the same year having the day before been made Richmond-Herald because by the Constitution none can be King at Arms but who has been first Herald At that time Mr. Brooke was York-Herald who upon Leigh's death presently had an eye upon that preferment and doubted not but the station he had already in the College would secure it to him The greater his assurance was the disappointment lay so much the heavier upon him and as men who lay too much stress upon
when he dy'd but had this answer return'd That no man should have commanded them more freely if they had not been promis'd to Dr. Bancroft Archbishop of Canterbury Upon his death he translated the right of them to his Successor Dr. George Abbot who had undertook to publish them and the Bishop tells us in the same Manuscript that he had heard Archbishop Laud say they were deposited in the Palace at Lambeth 'T is probable these were only such as related to the Ecclesiastical Affairs of that time which Mr. Camden did not think himself so immediately concern'd in But what they were cannot now be known they must have been destroy'd in that havock and confusion made in the Library of Archbishop Laud by Prinne Scot and Hugh Peters for upon a diligent search made by the late Dr. Sancroft at his first promotion to the See of Canterbury not one scrap of them appear'd From the end of Queen Elizabeth to his own death he kept a Since publisht with his Epistles Diary of all the remarkable passages in the reign of King James Not that he could so much as dream of living to make use of them himself at that age and under those many infirmities which a laborious life had drawn upon him But he was willing however to contribute all the assistance he could to any that should do the same honour to the reign of King James which he had done to that of Queen Elizabeth If this were practis'd by Persons of Learning and Curiosity who have opportunity of seeing into the Publick Affairs of a Kingdom what a large step would it be towards a History of the respective times For after all the short hints and strictures of that kind do very often set things in a truer light than regular Histories which are but too commonly written to serve a Party and so draw one insensibly out of the right way Whereas if men are left to themselves to make their own inferences from simple matters of fact as they lay before them tho' perhaps they may often be at a loss how to make things hang together yet their aim shall be still true and they shall hardly be mistaken in the main One single matter of fact faithfully and honestly deliver'd is worth a thousand Comments and Flourishes Thus the interest of the Publick was the business of Mr. Camden's life and he was serviceable to Learning till his dying day For so much merit one would think the greatest rewards too mean but a little serv'd his turn who always thought it more honourable to deserve than to have preferments Ep. 195. He never made application to any man for promotion but so long as he faithfully discharg'd the office he had was content to trust Providence for what should follow The first step he made was the second Mastership of Westminster-School in the year 1575. In this station he continu'd till the death of Dr. Grant Head-Schoolmaster which hapned in 1593. whom he succeeded But before that two years after the first edition of his Britannia he had the Prebend of Ilfarcomb belonging to the Church of Salisbury bestow'd upon him by Dr. John Piers Bishop of that See What satisfaction it was to him to see the fruits of his industry in the School learn from his own expression of it in a Letter to Archbishop Usher At Westminster says he God so blessed my labours that the now Bishop of London Durham and St. Asaph to say nothing of persons imploy'd in eminent place abroad and many of especial note at home of all degrees do acknowledge themselves to have been my Scholars What a comfortable reflexion was this That he had laid the foundation of those pillars which prov'd so considerable supports both to Church and State Here he liv'd frugally and Epist 195. by his long labours in the School gather'd a contented sufficiency for his life and a supply for all the charitable benefactions at his death Epist ead He refus'd a mastership of Requests when offer'd and kept to his School See above till the place of King at Arms was conferr'd upon him without his own application or so much as knowledge These were all the Preferments he was ever possest of We might have reckon'd another if the following project had but succeeded In the year 1609. Dr. Sutcliff Dean of Exeter resolv'd upon building a College at Chelsey for a certain number of Divines who should make it their only business to confute the Errors of the Church of Rome The Proposal was highly approv'd of by King James who accordingly nominated the Doctor first Provost of the College May 10. 1610. and seventeen very eminent Divines under the title of Fellows And because it was evident that matters of History would of course fall in with Controversies in Religion they concluded it necessary to be arm'd against all such cases and so pitch'd upon two excellent Historians Mr. Camden and John Hayward Doctor of the Civil Law See Middlesex under Chelsey They fell to building but found their Revenues fall short and so the whole design drop'd To be particular in his Acquaintance would be to reckon up almost all the learned men of his time When he was young Learned men were his Patrons when he grew up the Learned were his intimates and when he came to be old he was a Patron to the Learned So that Learning was his only care and learned men the only comfort of his life What an useful and honourable correspondence he had settl'd both at home and abroad does best appear from his Letters and with what candour and easiness he maintain'd it the same Letters may inform us The work he was engag'd in for the honour of his native Country gain'd him respect at home and admiration abroad so that he was look'd upon as a common Oracle and for a Foreigner to travel into England and return without seeing Mr. Camden was thought a very gross omission He was visited by six German Noblemen at one time and at their request wrote his Lemma in each of their Books as a testimony that they had seen him Brissonius Prime Minister of State in the French Court when he was sent into England by his master K. Hen. 3. to treat of a match between his brother the Duke of Anjou and Queen Elizabeth would not return a stranger to Mr. Camden who tho' but second School-master of Westminster and not full thirty years of age had yet those qualities which effectually recommended him to the friendship and conversation of that great man Some of the Servants of the Elector Palatine who came over about the match with Elizabeth eldest daughter to King James were severely reprov'd by Gruter for neglecting to do themselves that piece of honour He wonder'd with what face they could stay so many months in England and all the while Neque consulere ejus oraculum unicum neque adspicere ejus astrum primum not consult its only Oracle nor see the brightest Star in it
difficulties by his establishment of an Astronomy-Lecture in the same University a little before Archbishop Usher consulted him upon all occasions and in return Ep 61. gave him great assistance in the affairs of Ireland â—ee the several Epistles to Mr. Camden as the learned Dr. John Jonston of Aberdeen did in the Antiquities of Scotland Sir Robert Cotton was his Companion both in studies and travels both at home and abroad He and his Library were the two Oracles Mr. Camden generally consulted and his journey to Carlisle in the year 1600. was render'd much more pleasant and profitable by the company of so true a friend and so great a master of Antiquities Dr. Francis Godwin first Bishop of Landaff and then of Hereford afforded him the same satisfaction in his journey into Wales Dr. James the first Keeper of Sir Thomas Bodley's Library in Oxford was very useful to him in his studies as we learn from some Letters that he receiv'd from him I am willing to take this opportunity of publishing them because they all relate to the affairs of Learning and we cannot doubt but if these had come to hand the excellent Editor of his Epistles would have allow'd them a place among the rest My loving and good Mr. James YOUR great pains to satisfie my desire omitting thereby your private business hath been far more than I could wish you should have undergone and much more than I can deserve and therefore requireth greater thanks than in words I can remember but assure your self I will register them up in a most thankful mind As soon as ever the year openeth with God's grace I will take a journey to Cambridge to satisfie my self with Essebiensis and some other specified in your Catalogue albeit that I see in matters before the Norman Conquest in the paucity of Writers they do all trace one another and therefore few especial Notes do occur in them In the mean with a million of hearty thanks to you and my hearty commendations to Mr Causton I rest greatly indebted to you Your loving Friend William Camden Good Mr. Causton and my good Mr. James LET it not seem strange that I should conjoin you two thus jointly in one when as love and good liking with the mother of friendship similitudo studiorum hath so assuredly link'd you together I most heartily thank you both the one for opening the passage and entrance and the other for admitting me into his amity And verily in this behalf I do congratulate inwardly to my self that I have now gotten so good a Friend unto whom I solemnly vow I will most willingly perform all offices of true friendship whatsoever Only I am sorry that I was then absent when I should have enjoy'd his presence the last week at London But more sorry am I that the good opportunity of those good MSS. hath overslipp'd me for the Printer who is impatient of stay is now already forward and my occasions will not permit me to come now to Cambridge I have long since seen Fordon Gervasius Tilburiensis Gualterus Conventrensis and Trivet some Copies are here extant amongst my friends and lately I happen'd upon Talbot's notes in Antonini Itinerarium only I desire you to look into that Exameron Angliae and Notabilia Bristoliae and Worcester if there be any special observations as also in the Historical Epitome of Alexander Essebiensis As for his Poem of the Festival days I long since read it over Thus commending my self to your good love conjointly and you both to the gracious protection of the Almighty I heartily bid you farewell resting Yours most assuredly Will. Camden Decemb. 6. 1599. Right Worshipful MY ancient good Friend Casper Gevartius living now at Paris a man by his works not unknown to you so conversant among Books hath written to me as much is herein enclosed My desire is that you would satisfie him by me if there be in your Library any such MS. of Manilius Astronomicon I have been inform'd that there is one and that a learned Student of your University hath conferr'd it with Scaliger's edition If this be true I most earnestly request you to communicate thus much with him and to understand whether he be purpos'd to set it out himself if not whether he will be content to impart Variantes Lectiones with Gevartius who I presume so much of his candour will not defraud him of the honour due to his Labour and Learning if not I will send you a Copy of Scaliger's Edition and desire you to get some Student to confer it with the MS. and I will satisfie him to his full contentation and shall rest indebted to you for your care herein Your loving Friend assuredly W. Camden Clarenceux Westm 22. Jan. 1614. Anni Juliani Sir Henry Spelman calls himself his Ep. 226. ancient Friend and in his account of the Society of Antiquaries which settl'd in London makes Mr. Camden one of the chief I find it before his original Manuscript of the History of Terms by way of Preface but the Publisher thereof has follow'd an imperfect Copy and nothing of it appears in the printed Books It may be a piece of service to supply that defect and not at all unseasonable in this place since it gives us a further light into Mr. Camden's Acquaintance and shows us what that age took to be the most effectual method for improvement of Ancient Learning ABout 42 years since divers Gentlemen in London Sir Henry Spelman's Preface to his Law-Terms studious of Antiquities fram'd themselves into a College or Society of Antiquaries appointing to meet every Friday weekly in the Term at a place agreed of and for Learning sake to confer upon some questions in that faculty and to supp together The place after a meeting or two became certain at Darby-house where the Herald's Office is kept and two Questions were propounded at every meeting to be handled at the next that follow'd so that every man had a senight's respite to advise upon them and then to deliver his opinion That which seem'd most material was by one of the company chosen for the purpose to be enter'd in a book that so it might remain unto posterity The Society encreas'd daily many persons of great worth as well noble as other Learned joyning themselves unto it Thus it continu'd divers years but as all good uses commonly decline so many of the chief supporters hereof either dying or withdrawing themselves from London into the Country this among the rest grew for 20 years to be discontinu'd But it then came again into the mind of divers principal Gentlemen to revive it and for that purpose upon the day of in the year 1614. there met at the same place Sir James Ley Knight then Attorney of the Court of Wards since Earl of Marlebury and Lord Treasurer of England Sir Robert Cotton Knight and Baronet Sir John Davies his Majesty's Attorney for Ireland Sir Richard St. George Knight then Norrey Mr. Hackwell the Queen's
breadth of it Stow Sâ—â—â— stands upon the sea-coast the ancient seat of the family of the Grenvills Gâ—â—â— famous for the antiquity and nobility of their pedigree y They are now made Earls of Bathe and the present Earl hath lately built here a very stately house lookt upon to be the finest in the West of England Amongst the rest Richard in the time of William Rufus signaliz'd his courage in the Conquest of Glamorganshire in Wales and lately another of the same Christian-name exceeding the nobility of his birth by his own bravery lost his life gallantly in an engagement with the Spaniard at the Azores 23 As I shall shew more fully in my Annals A clause which is not any Latin Edition I have seen and if they all want it he must have had this intimation from Mr. Camden and so by him might be encourag'd in his Translation Near to this is Stratton a market town noted for gardens and its garlick and next to it Lancells a new seat of the ancient family of the z They are now extinct Chaumonds r â—o The river Tamara now Tamar rising not far from the Northern shore runs swiftly and violently towards the South and after it is encreas'd with many little rivulets passes by Tamara a town mention'd by Ptolemy now Tamerton 24 By Tamar an ancient mannour of the Trevilions to whom by marriages the Inheritance of Walesborough and Ralegh of Netlested descended and at a little distance from it is Lanstuphadon i.e. the Church of Stephen commonly call'd Launston 〈…〉 a pretty little town situate upon a rising which out of two other burrows Dunevet and Newport is now grown into one Town In the beginning of the Normans William Earl of Moriton built a a The moles of this castle upon which the Kepe stands Leland tells us is large and of a terrible height and the Arx of it having three several wards is the highest but not the biggest that ever he saw in any ancient work in England castle here and had a College of Prebendaries as appears by Domesday where it is call'd Launstaveton which name it had doubtless from a College there dedicated to S. Stephen and about the year 1150. converted into a monastery b Leland in his Itinerary says that William Warwist Bishop of Exeter suppressing the Collegiate Church of S. Stephen erected a Priory there and gave best part of the College-lands to it taking the residue himself by Reginald Earl of Cornwall This change the Bishops of Exeter too much hurry'd forward by passion and interest did vehemently oppose fearing it might come to be a Bishop's-See and so lessen their jurisdiction At this day it is most remarkable for the publick Gaol and the Assizes being c At present the Assizes are always kept there often kept there Tamar going from hence has the view of a high mountain stretch'd out a great way in length call'd by Marianus d The Saxon Annals call it more distinctly and truly Hengistes dun Hengesdoun and by him interpreted the mountain of Hengist the name it has at present is Hengston-hill 〈◊〉 â—ll It was formerly pretty rich in veins of tinn 25 So that the Country-people had this by-word of it Hengston down well ywrought Is worth London deer ybought and the place where the Tinners of Cornwall and Devonshire met every seventh or eighth year to concert their common interests At this place also in the year 831 the Danmonian Britains with the assistance of the Danes breaking into Devonshire to drive out the English who had then got possession of it were totally routed by King Egbert and cut off almost to a man 26 Beneath it Tamar leaveth Halton formerly the habitation of the Rouses anciently Lords of Little-Modbery in Devonshire Lower down near Saltesse a little market town as I observ'd before plac'd upon a rising and having a Mayor with certain Privileges Tamar receives the river Liver upon which stands that Town of S. Germans mention'd above With this increase it passes to the sea and makes a haven call'd in the Life of Indractus Tamerworth after it has divided Cornwall from Devonshire For King Athelstan who was the first King of England that entirely subdu'd those parts made this the bound between the Cornish Britains and his own English after he had remov'd the Britains out of Devonshire as we learn by Malmesbury who calls the river Tambra Whereupon Alexander Necham in his Hymns upon the Divine Wisdom Loegriae Tamaris divisor Cornubiaeque Indigenas ditat pinguibus isiciis Cornwall from England Tamar's streams divide Whence with fat Salmon all the land 's supply'd e Of this see Drayton's Polyolbion p. 131. where the story is deliver'd at large â—â—d â—o This place seems to require something concerning Ursula a Virgin of great sanctity born here and those 11000 British Virgins But whilst some hold them to have been drown'd under Gratian the Emperor in the year 383. upon the coast of Germany as they were sailing to Armorica and others tell us that in the year 450. at Cologn upon the Rhine in their return from Rome they suffer'd Martyrdom from Attila the Hunne that instrument of God's vengeance this difference among Authors has made some instead of believing it an historical truth suspect it to be a mere fable But as to that Constantine call'd by Gildas the tyrannous whelp of an unclean Danmonian Lioness and the disforesting of all this County under K. John f That it was so is undoubtedly true for I have seen a Copy of an Instrument to that purpose dated 22. March An. Reg. Joh. 5. which begins thus Johannes Dei gratia Sciatis nos deforestasse totam Cornubiam c. for before that 't is thought to have been a forest of these matters let the Historians give an account for 't is beside my business As to the Earls Candorus call'd by others Cadocus Earls of Cornwall is mention'd by the modern writers as the last Earl of Cornwall of British extraction his Arms as the Heralds tell you were 15 besants 27 Five four three two and one in a field sable The first Earl of Norman descent was Robert Moriton brother to William the Conqueror as son of Herlotta to whom succeeded William his son This William siding with Robert the Norman against Henry 1. King of England was taken prisoner and lost both his liberty and honors 28 And at last turn'd monk at Bermondsey to whose place Henry 2. whilst he was making preparations for war against Stephen advanc'd Reginald natural son to Henry 1. 29 By the daughter of Sir Robert Corbet for that King was so very incontinent that he had no less than 13 bastards Reginald dying without lawful issue male Rob. de Monte 1175. Henry 2. assigning certain lands to the daughters reserv'd this Earldom for his young son John then but nine years of age upon
Shirburn by Herman the eighth Bishop Wil. Malmesb of Bishops was at last as I have said before translated to Salisbury and carried with it all the reputation from this place because at Ramesbery there was neither a Chapter of the Clergy nor any thing for their maintenance On the other side the river more toward the East is 30 Not long since the seat of the Darels Littlecot Littlecot which is to be mention'd upon the account of John Popham Lord of it who being Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench discharges his Office with great applause as I have said before 31 And hereby runneth the limit between this shire and Berkshire Hitherto I have surveyed the County of Wilts which as it is in Domesday-book for I do not think it improper to be taken notice of paid the King 10 l. for an Hawk 20 s. for a Sumpter-horse one hundred shillings and five Ores for Hay I am wholly ignorant what sort of Money these Ores were Ore what only thus much I have noted out of the register of Burton-Abbey that 20 Ores p Of these Ores see Mr. Walker's Dissertation prefix'd to the Life of K. Alfred were worth 2 marks of silver Earls of Wiltshire The Earls of this Shire have been but few tho' of divers Families besides those of Salisbury which I have mention'd before For excepting Weolsthan before the Norman Conquest q There was also in the Saxon times one Ethelhelm that was Earl of this County sc about 886. it had none that I know of till Richard 2.'s time who preferred William le Scrope to that honour but this man's grandeur continu'd and fell with his Prince for when that King was dethron'd this Earl was beheaded Not many years after he was succeeded by James Butler Earl of Ormond who was raised to this dignity by King Henry 6. But when the House of Lancaster was in a declining condition he was attainted and King Edward 4. conferred this title on John Stafford younger son of Humphrey Duke of Buckingham to whom succeeded his son Edward who died without issue King Henry 8. afterward dignified with this honour Henry Stafford descended from the Buckingham-family who not long enjoying his title dyed without issue At last it came to the family of the Bollens by the favour of the same King who made Thomas Bollen Viscount Rochford descended from an Heiress of Th. Butler Earl of Ormond Earl of Wiltshire whose daughter Ann the King married which match was unfortunate to her self her Brother and her Parents but lucky for England because she it was that gave birth to that excellent Princess Queen Elizabeth Queen Eâ—â—zabeth who doth merit eternal honour for her excellent management of the Kingdom and is highly to be admired for many great virtues much above her sex But when this Thomas Bollen died without issue male of grief occasion'd by the unhappy fate of his Children this title lay dormant until King Edward 6. qualified therewith William Powlet Lord S. John of Basing See Biâ— in Hâ—â—shire whom afterwards he raised to be Marquess of Winchester and Lord High Treasurer of England in whose posterity it yet remaineth There are in this County 304 Parishes ADDITIONS to WILTSHIRE a WILTSHIRE in Saxon Wiltunscyre and by the Historians of succeeding ages melted by degrees into our Wiltshire call'd also Provincia Semerana and Severnia or Provincia Severorum is the largest mid-land County of any in England as may be easily observed by the * Appendix to the 2. Tome of â—he English â—torians ancient computation of it's Hides For we find that in Wiltysire as 't is there term'd were 4800 hides which is more by 2000 than any Shire mention'd by that Author The 39 miles in length and 29 in breadth which Spede assigns to it will be found too little both ways upon an accurate survey a Our Author observes among other advantages that this County is watered with the Isis which afterwards takes the name of Thamisis Thamisis not from a conjunction of Thame and Isis An error with which the world is so possess'd that 't will be a hard matter to make them part with it notwithstanding it plainly appears that this river was always call'd Thames or Tems before ever it came near Thame For instance in an ancient Charter granted to Abbot Aldhelm there is particular mention made of certain lands upon the east part of the river cujus vocabulum Temis juxta vadum qui appellatur Summerford and this ford is in Wiltshire The same thing appears from several other Charters granted to the Abby of Malmsbury as well as that of Enesham and from the old Deeds relating to Cricklade And perhaps it may safely be affirmed that in any Charter or authentick History it does not ever occur under the name of Isis which indeed is not so much as ever heard of but among scholars the common people all along from the head of it down to Oxford calling it by no other name but that of Thames So also the Saxon Temese from whence our Tems immediately comes is a plain evidence that that people never dreamt of any such conjunction But farther all our Historians that mention the Incursions of Aethelwold into Wiltshire A. D. 905. or of Canute A. D. 1016. tell us that they pass'd over the Thames at Cricklade For the original of the word it plainly seems to be British because one may observe several rivers in several parts of England of almost the same name with it as Tame in Staffordshire Teme in Herefordshire Tamar in Cornwall c. And the learned Mr. Llwyd affirms it to be the same with their Tâf which is the name of many rivers in Wales the Romans changing the pronunciation of the British f into m as the Latin word Demetia is in Welsh Dyfed b As for Wansditch Wansâ—â— the course whereof is trac'd in the Map it seems to be so far from having been drawn for a boundary between the West-Saxons and Mercians as our Author would have it that it was probably made long before the settlement of the Mercian Kingdom viz. by Cerdick the first King of the West-Saxons or by Kenric his son against the incursions of the Britains who even in K. Ceaulin's time as Malmsbury tells us made frequent inroads into this County from their garrisons at Bath Glocester and Cirencester And the same Historian informs us that Ceaulin was routed by the Britains not as other writers at Wodensburgh but at Wodenesdic which seems to intimate that it was made before that time and was then a boundary between the two people The rampire and graff of this Wansditch are very large the rampire on the south-side And besides this ditch there are several others of less note still visible upon the plains especially about Stone-henge and in the †Moâ— Angâ—â—â— Saxon-Charter of lands belonging to Wilton-Abbey there is mention made of no less than 13 distinct
Moels and the Courteneys much augmented his estate His son Robert who marry'd the daughter and heir of the Lord Botereaux enrich'd the family more and then Robert his son who had to Wife Eleanor the daughter and heir of William Molines upon which account he was honour'd among the Barons of the Kingdom by the name of Lord Molines and during the Civil Wars between the Houses of York and Lancaster was beheaded at New-castle made great additions to it Thomas his son slain at Salisbury in his father's life-time left Mary an only daughter married to Edward Lord Hastings with whom he had a great estate But Walter brother to the said Thomas begat Edward Hungerford father of that Walter whom Henry 8. created Baron Hungerford of Heytesbury and condemned afterwards for a very heinous crime nevertheless Queen Mary restor'd his children to every thing but the dignity of Barons h Not far from hence towards the South lies Widehay â—idehay long the seat of the Barons of St. Amand â—â—ons of Amand. whose estate by marriage came to Gerard Braybrok and Elizabeth his eldest grand-daughter by his son Gerard transferr'd the estate by marriage to William Beauchamp who being summon'd to Parliament by the name of William Beauchamp of St. Amand â—â—uchamp 〈◊〉 Amand was a Baron as his son Richard also was who had no legitimate issue From thence the river Kenet taking it's course between Hemsted Marshall anciently held * Per virgam Marescalliae by the Rod of the Marshalsea and belonging to the Marshals of England where †Sir Thomas Thomas Parry Treasurer of the Houshold to Queen Elizabeth built a very fine seat and Benham Valence so call'd from it's belonging to William Valence Earl of Pembroke 7 But Queen Elizabeth gave it to John Baptista Castilion a Piemontes of her Privy Chamber for faithful service in her dangers comes to Spinae Spinae the old town mention'd by Antoninus which retaining still it's name is call'd Spene but instead of a town is now a poor little village scarce a mile from Newbury a noted town that had it's rise out of the ruines of it For Newbury Newbury with us is as much as the New Borough that is in regard to Spinae the more ancient place which is quite decay'd but hath left the name in part of Newbury it self still call'd Spinhamlands And if nothing else yet this certainly might prove that Newbury fetcht it's original from Spinae for that the inhabitants of Newbury owns the little village Spene for their mother tho' Newbury compar'd with Spene is for it's buildings and neatness a very considerable town and much enrich'd by cloathing well seated upon a plain and has the river Kenet running through it In the Norman Conquest this town fell to Ernulph de Hesdin Earl of Perch Lib. Inquisitionum whose great grandson Thomas Earl of Perch being slain at the siege of Lincoln the Bishop of Chalons his heir sold it to William Marshall Earl of Pembroke who likewise held the mannour of Hempsted hard by spoken of before as did his successors Marshals of England till Roger Bigod for his obstinacy lost his honour of Earl Marshal and possessions too which notwithstanding by much †precariò intercession he obtain'd again for life i The Kenet continues on his course from hence and receives by the way the little river Lamborn Lamborn which at it's rise imparts the name to a small market-town that in ancient times belong'd to Alfrith K. Alfred's Cousin having been left him by the said King in his Will and afterwards was the Fitzwarin's who obtain'd the privilege of a market of Henry 3. But now it belongs to the Knightly family of Essex which derives it's pedigree from William de Essex Under-Treasurer of England in Edw. 4.'s time and from those of the same sirname in Essex that liv'd in great repute and honour there From thence this little river runs beneath g In the late Civil Wars it was a garrison for the King Dennington Dunnington-castle call'd also Dunnington a little but very neat castle seated on the brow of a woody hill having a fine prospect and windows on all sides very lightsome They say it was built by Sir Richard de Abberbury Knight founder also of God's House beneath it for the relief of the poor Afterwards it was the residence of h It was the house of Jeoffery Chaucer and there under an Oak commonly call'd Chaucer's Oak he is said to have penn'd many of his famous Poems The Oak till within these few years was standing Chaucer then of the De la Poles and within the memory of our fathers of Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk And now the Kenet having run a long way passes at last by Aldermaston Aldermaston which Henry 1. gave to Robert Achard from whose posterity by the De la Mares it came at length by right of marriage to the Fosters a Knightly family At last it runs into the Thames having first with it's windings encompass'd a great part of Reading This little city or town of Reading Reading call'd in Saxon * Per virgam Marescalliae Rheadyge of Rhea that is the River or of the British word Redin signifying Fern which grew in great plenty hereabouts for the neatness of it's streets the fineness of it's buildings for it's riches and the reputation it hath gotten for making of cloath goes beyond all the other towns of this county tho' it hath lost it's greatest ornaments the beautiful Church and very ancient Castle k For this as Asserius tells us the Danes kept possession of when they drew a ditch between the Kenet and the Thames and hither they retreated after King Ethelwolph had routed them at Inglefield Inglefield a little village in the neighbourhood which gives name to a noble and ancient family But it was so demolish'd by K. Henry 2. because it was a place of refuge for King Stephen's party that nothing now remains of it but the bare name in the next street Near to this K. Hen. 1. having pull'd down a little Nunnery founded in former times by Queen Alfritha to expiate for some crimes built a most magnificent Abbey for Monks and enrich'd it with great Revenues Which Prince to use the very words of his Charter of Foundation Because three Abbeys in the kingdom of England were formerly for their sins destroy'd that is Reading Chelsea and Leonminstre which were long in Lay-mens hands by the advice of the Bishops founded a new Monastery at Reading and endow'd it with Reading Chelsea and Leonminstre In this Abbey was interr'd the Founder himself King Henry 7 With his wife both veil'd and crown'd for that she had been a Queen and professed Nun. Maud the Empress together with his daughter Maud as appears by the private history of the place tho' some report that she was bury'd at Becc in Normandy Who as well
his to be about 80 miles distant from that sea which washes the east part of Kent where he landed Now this ford we mention is at the same distance from the sea and I am the first that I know of that has mention'd and settl'd it in it's proper place Some few miles from hence towards the east the little river Mole hastens into the sea Mole riv after it has cross'd the County from the southern bound but stop'd at last in it's way by the opposition of hills b See several instances of this kind as they are reckon'd up by the learned Selden in his Notes upon Drayton's â—olyelbion p. 267. with their several Authorities like that noble river of Spain Anas Anas a river in Spain it forces open a passage under ground as if it were some mole from whence it has it's name that subterraneous animal being call'd in English a Mole But there is nothing famous upon this river only at some distance from it's head near the old military way of the Romans call'd Stanystreat is the town Aclea commonly nam'd Ockley Ockley from the Oaks Here Aethelwolph son of Egbert who notwithstanding he had enter'd in to Holy Orders yet by a dispensation from the Pope succeeded his father hereditarily in the kingdom engag'd the Danish army with good success for he kill'd most of their brave men tho' with no great advantage to his country that Danish Hydra still sprouting up a-new d A little from the head of this river stands Gatton Gatton now hardly a village tho' formerly a famous town As an argument of it's antiquity it shews Roman coins dug up there and sends two Burgesses to Parliament Lower is Rhie-gat Rhie-gat i.e. according to our ancient language the course or chanel of a small river in a vale running out a great way eastward call'd c The Holm-trees abound very much through all this tract Holmesdale Holmesdale the inhabitants whereof because once or twice they defeated the plundering Danes have this rhime in their own commendation The vale of Holmesdall Never wonne ne never shall This Rhie-gate is more considerable for it's largeness than buildings on the south-side of it is a park growing thick with little groves and in this the most noble Charles Earl of Nottingham Baron of Effingham and Lord High Admiral of England has his seat where formerly the Earls of Warren and Surrey built a small Monastery On the east-side is a Castle standing upon a high-ground now neglected and decay'd with age it was built by the same Earls and is commonly call'd Holmes-castle from the vale in which it stands Under this there is a wonderful vault under-ground of arched work made of free-stone the same with that of the hill it self and hollow'd with great labour The Earls of Warren as it is in the book of Inquisitions held it in chief of the King in his Barony from the Conquest of England In Barâ—â—â— sua de Câ—questa Anglia From thence it runs by Bechworth's-castle for which 6 Sir Thomas Thomas Brown procur'd the privilege of a Fair from Henry the 6th For it is the seat of the family of the Browns Bâ—owns Knights of which in the memory of our grandfathers after 7 Sir Anthony Anthony Brown had marry'd Lucy fourth daughter of John Nevil Marquess of Montacute with whom he had a pretty great fortune Queen Mary honour'd his grandchild by a son with the title of Viscount Montacute A few miles hence to the west we see Effingham formerly the possession of William Howard that Conquerour of the Scots son to Thomas Duke of Norfolk who was created Baron Howard of Effingham Effinghaâ— by Queen Mary and being made Lord High Admiral of England was first Chamberlain to Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory and afterwards Keeper of the Privy Seal His son Charles is now in a flourishing condition and is Lord High Admiral of England whom the same Elizabeth in the year 1597. for his valour and great services advanced to the dignity of Earl of Nottingham 8 Of whom more in my Annals But to return to the River The Mole coming to Whitehill upon which box-tree grows in great abundance hides it self or is rather swallow'd up at the foot of it and for that reason the place is call'd Swallow The Swaâ—low but after about the space of two miles it bubbles up and rises again f so that the inhabitants of this tract no less than the Spaniards A bridge upon whiâ— flocks of sheep 〈◊〉 may boast of having a bridge that feeds several flocks of sheep For the Spaniard has made this a common proverb in relation to the place where the river d Seld. Comment in Polyolb p. 267. Anas now call'd Guadiana hides it self for ten miles together Our river Mole thus recovering it self from under ground goes with a slow current 9 By Stoke Dabernoun so nam'd of the ancient Possessors the Dabernouns Gentlemen of great note Afterwards by inheritance from them the possession of the Lord Bray And by Aâ—sher sometimes a retiring place belonging to the Bishops of Winchester towards the Thames and enters it hard by Molesey to which it communicates the name After our Thames has receiv'd the Mole it posts forward directly to the North Kingstâ—â— Matth. Pâ—ris running by Kingstone formerly call'd Moreford as some would have it a little market-town of very great resort and once famous for the castle of the Clares Earls of Glocester having it's rise out of the ruins of a more ancient little town of the same name situate in a level ground and much expos'd to inundations In this town when the Danish wars had almost quite blown up England Athelstan Edwin and Ethelred the Kings were inaugurated 10 Upon an open stage in the market-place whereupon from the Kings it came to be call'd Kingston i.e. a Royal Town g In this neighbourhood also the Kings of England e By this means it was an usual Nursery for our late Princes and Princesses when children upon account of the wholesomness of its air chose them a seat which from its shining or splendour they call'd Shene Richmonâ— the pâ—ace and vâ—â—â—â— call'd Shâ— before Hen. â— Edward but now it has the name of Richmond Here it was that the most powerful Prince K. Edward 3. after he had liv'd enough both to glory and nature dy'd of grief for the loss of his warlike son whose death was so great an affliction both to him and all England as made the methods of consolation altogether ineffectual And indeed if ever England had a just occasion for sorrow then it was For in the space of one year it was entirely bereav'd of it's ornaments of true military discipline and untainted courage Both of these carry'd their conquering swords through France and put such a terrour into that Kingdom as might deservedly give the father with Anticchus the
name of a Thunderbolt and the son with Pyrrhus that of an Eagle Here also dy'd Anne Wife of K. Richard 2. Sister to Wenzelay the Emperour and Daughter to the Emperour Charles 4. she first taught the English women that way of riding on horseback which is now in use whereas formerly their custom was tho' a very unbecoming one to ride astride as well as men Her husband took her death out so ill and mourn'd so immoderately that he altogether neglected and even abhorr'd the very house But King Henry 5. beautify'd it with new buildings â—ne and in Shene an adjoyning little village built a Monastery of Carthusians which he call'd Bethlehem In Henry 7.'s time this royal seat was quite burnt down by a lamentable fire but like a Phoenix sprung again out of it 's own ashes with greater beauty by the assistance of the same Henry and took the new name of Richmond from that Country whereof he had been Earl whilst a private person This Henry 7. had scarce put a finishing hand to his new structure but he ended his days here by whose care industry counsel and quick-sighted prudence the kingdom of England has stood hitherto unshaken â—â—een Eliâ—â—â—â—â—h's 〈◊〉 1603. From hence it was also that 90 years after his Niece the most Serene Queen Elizabeth after she had as it were glutted nature with length of days for she was about 70 years of age was call'd and receiv'd by Almighty God into the sacred and heavenly Quire A Princess exceeding her sex both in courage and conduct who as in her face so in her disposition shew'd the true image of her grandfather she was the love of the world and the delight of Britain And so far was she tho' but a woman from coming short of the lasting and renown'd virtue of her ancestors that if she did not exceed she at least abundantly equall'd them Let posterity believe this and give their assent to so favourable a truth for I do not corrupt venerable Truth with flatteries that a Virgin for 44 years together did so manage the government as to be belov'd by her subjects fear'd by her enemies and admir'd by all a pattern that no Age hitherto can produce the like Her death put England under such a general grief that it had lain in despair and desolation without the least prospect of comfort but that immediately upon her departure out of this life the most Serene James the true and undoubted heir mark'd out by all hearts and eyes for her successor shed forth his august beams and possessed all with the hopes of a lasting joy When we look upon him we scarce can believe her dead Tho' why should we talk of her dying whose immortal virtues still live and her sacred memory will ever be preserv'd in the minds of men and the Annals of Time 〈◊〉 far 〈◊〉 Tide â—es up the â—ames As far as this place the Thames receives the tide about 60 Italian miles from the mouth And there 's no other river in Europe that I know of where the tide comes up so many miles to the great advantage of those that live by it 〈◊〉 goes 〈◊〉 far Whether it be that from this place there are hardly any crookings but 't is carry'd eastward in a more direct channel generally fenc'd with higher banks and opens a wider mouth than other rivers to let in the sea which as I thought long since f Scaliger de Subtilit Exercitat 52. Selden in Polyolb p. 208. by the rapid circulation of the orbs from east to west is carry'd the same way I leave to the enquiry of Philosophers to whose judgments I willingly submit in these and the like matters However concerning these places and this subject take some few verses if you can relish them out of The wedding of Tame and Isis A dextra nobis Richmondia Shena vetustis Celsa nitet sapiens namque hanc Richmondia dici Henricus voluit sibi quod retulisset honorem Et titulos Comitis Richmondia jure paterno Hectoris Edwardi sed deflet funera nostri Proh dolor hic illi regi mens libera cessit Corpore contempto sedes abitura supernas Quem si non subito rapuissent ferrea fata Aut te Valesiis rapuisset Gallia victor Aut tibi Valesios Now stately Richmond to the right is seen Richmond whose name wise Henry chang'd from Sheen Who Richmond's Earl had by his father been Long this our Hector Edward's fate hath mourn'd Who 's godlike soul from hence to heav'n return'd And left the mortal fetters that it scorn'd Ah! thee had the blest powers not call'd too soon Or Valois had resign'd the Gallick crown Or that had Valois lost And a few verses after Tamisis alternum sentit reditumque fugamque Huc reflui pelagi quoties vaga Cynthia pronos Octavâ librat coeli statione jugales Aut tenet oppositam varianti lumine plagam Plenior increscit celeremque recurrit in aestum Atque superbus ait Concedant flumina nobis Nulla per Europae dotatas nomine terras Flumina tam longè sic certis legibus undas Alternas renovant nisi fratres Scaldis Albis Here Thame's great current with alternate course Maintains its rise and fall at constant hours When Phoebe rests at our Meridian line Or i' th' Horizon-point does faintly shine In hasty waves the rushing waters joyn While the proud river thus his worth proclaims ' Great you that Europe boasts her noblest streams ' Yield all to me for such an ebb and flow ' No rival flood but Scheld and Elb can show More inward at about four miles distance from the Thames None-such None-such a retiring seat of the Kings eclipses all the neighbour buildings It was erected by King Henry the 8th in a very wholsome air called before Cuddington Cuddington and design'd by him for his pleasure and diversion 'T is so magnificent and withall so neat as even to arrive at the highest pitch of ostentation and one would think that the whole art of Architecture were crowded into this single work So many images to the life are there upon all sides of it so many wonders of an accomplish'd workmanship as may even vie with the remains of Roman Antiquity so that it may lay a just claim to the name and is able to support it None-such being in Latin Nulla ejusmodi or as Leland expresses it in verse Hanc quia non habeant similem laudare Britanni Saepe solent Nullique parem cognomine dicunt Beyond the rest the English this extol And None-such do by eminency call And the house too is so surrounded with parks full of deer delicate orchards and gardens groves adorn'd with arbours little garden-beds and walks shaded with trees that * Amoenitas cum Salubritate Pleasure and Wholsomness seem to have made choice of this place wherein to live together But Queen Mary exchang'd it with Henry Fitz-Alan Earl of Arundel for other
about the year of Christ 1183. Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury by an exchange with the Bishop of Rochester got a mannour in this place wherein he began a palace for him and his successors and this by little and little was enlarg'd But when the Archbishops began to have thoughts of building a small Collegiate Church here Good God what numbers of Appeals were packt to Rome by the Monks of Canterbury and what thundrings threatnings and censures were level'd by the Pope against the Archbishops For the Monks were jealous that this might prove an encroachment upon their Privileges and deprive them of their right to elect the Archbishop Nor could these disturbances be quieted till the little Church they had began was at the instance of the Monks levell'd with the ground Near to this is the most famous mart-town of all the County call'd at this day the Burrough of Southwork in Saxon Suþƿerke Southâ— i.e. a work or building to the south situated so to the south over against London as that it seems to be a sort of suburbs to it but yet so large is it and populous that it may vie with most Cities in England being as it were a Corporation of it self Within the memory of our fathers it had it 's own Bailifs but in the reign of Edward 6. it was annext to the City of London and is at this day reckon'd a branch of it For which reason we will defer the further examination of this place till we come to London Beneath this the Thames leaves Surrey the eastbound whereof runs down in a direct line to the south almost by Lagham which in the reign of Edward 1. had it's Parlamentary Barons Barons S. John 〈◊〉 Lagâ—â—â— call d S. John de Lagham whose estate came at last to J. Leodiard by a daughter and heiress Somewhat lower almost in the very corner where it takes a view both of Sussex and Kent is Sterborrow-castle formerly the seat of the Lords de Cobham who from this place were nam'd de Sterborrow Sterborrâ— and descending from John de Cobham Lord of Cobham and Couling and the daughter of Hugh Nevil flourish'd a long time together in great splendour and reputation For Reginald in the reign of Edward 3. was made Knight of the Garter and Admiral of the Sea-coasts from the Thames mouth Westward But Thomas the last of them marrying Anne daughter to 15 Humphry Duke the Duke of Buckingham had by her one only daughter Anne marry'd to Edward Burgh descended from the Percies and Earls of Athol His son Thomas was created Baron Burgh by K. Henry 8. and left a son William father to Thomas Barons â—rough 〈◊〉 Burgh who was a great encourager of Learning Governour of Briel made by Queen Elizabeth Knight of the Garter and Lord Deputy of Ireland where he expos'd himself to death in defence of his country As to Eleanor Cobham of this family wife to Humphrey Duke of Glocester whose reputation was something tainted I refer you to the English Histories We must now reckon up the Earls Earls 〈◊〉 Surreâ— who were 〈◊〉 call'd 〈◊〉 of Wâ—â— Arms 〈◊〉 Earls 〈◊〉 Warrâ—â— William Rufus King of England first made William de Warren Governour of Surrey 16 Who had marry'd his Sister under the honorary title of Earl whose Arms were Checky Or and azure For in his Foundation-Charter of the Priory of Lewis we read thus I have given c. for the good of my master K. William who brought me over into England and for the good of my Lady Queen Mawd my wife's mother and for the good of my master K. William his son after whose coming into England I made this Charter and who created me Earl of Surrey c. To him succeeded his son 17 And marry'd the daughter of Hugh Earl of Vermandois whereupon his posterity as some suppose us'd the Arms of Vermandois His son William dying in the Holy Land about 1142. and his grandchild by a son of the same name But this last had only a daughter who brought the same title first to William King Stephen's son and afterwards to Hamelin base son of Geoffrey Plantagenet Earl of Anjou But the first husband dying without issue Hamelin had by her William Earl of Surrey whose posterity taking the name of Warrens bore the same title This William marry'd the eldest daughter and coheir of William Marshal Earl of Pembroke widow of Hugh Bigod and had by her John 18 Who slew Alan de la Zâ—rich in presence of the Judges of the Realm and John by Alice daughter of Hugh le * Earls of March in â—â—â—nce Brune sister by the mother's side to K. Henry 3. had William who dy'd before his father and had by Joanna Vere daughter of the Earl of Oxford John who was born after the death of his father and was last Earl of this family He was as I learnt from his seal Earl of Warren Surrey Strathern in Scotland Lord of Bromfeld and Yale and Count Palatine But he dying without lawful issue in the 23d of Edward 3. his sister and heiress Alice was marry'd to Edmund Earl of Arundel and by that marriage brought this honour into the family of the Arundels 19 For Richard their son who marry'd in the House of Lancaster after his father was wickedly beheaded for siding with his Sovereign King Edward 2 by the malignant envy of the Queen was both Earl of Arundel and Surrey and left both Earldoms to Richard his son who contrariwise lost his head for siding against his Sovereign K. Richard 2. But Thomas his Son to repair his Father's dishonour lost his life for his Prince and Country in France leaving his sisters his heirs for the lands not entailed who were marry'd to Thomas Mowbray Duke of Norfolk c. to Sir Rowland Lenthall and Sir William Beauchampe Lord of Abergavenny from which it came at last by the Mowbrays to the Howards For Thomas Mowbray marry'd the eldest sister and coheir of Thomas Fitz-Alan Earl of Arundel and Surrey In the mean time 20 After the execution of Richard Earl of Arundel Richard 2. conferr'd the title of Duke of Surrey upon Thomas Holland Earl of Kent who notwithstanding did not long enjoy that honour For secretly endeavouring to rescue the same Richard then taken prisoner and to restore him to his Crown his plot unexpectedly was discover'd and himself making his escape was seiz'd by the town of Cirencester and beheaded Next Thomas de Beaufort who was the King's Chancellor bore this honour if we may believe Thomas Walsingham For he tells us that in the year 1410. The Lord Tho. Beaufort Earl of Surrey dy'd But let Walsingham make good his assertion for there is no such thing appears in the King's Records only that Thomas de Beaufort was about that time made Chancellor 'T is evident however from the publick Records of the Kingdom that King Henry 6. in the 29th year of
here a Castle now more than ruinous they were Founders of the adjacent Abby of Kingswood of the Cistercian order w 15 Derived from Tintern whom Maud the Empress greatly enriched The males of this House failed in the time of King Richard 2. and the Heir General was married to Cantelow Within one mile of this where the river Cam lately spoken of springeth is Uleigh a seat also of the Barkleys descended from the Barons Barkley styled of Uleigh and Stoke-Giffard who were found Coheirs to J. Baron Boutetort descended from the Baron Zouch of Richard Castles aliàs Mortimer and the Somerys Lords of Dueley And not far eastward we behold Beverstone-castle Beverston formerly belonging to the Gournys and Ab-Adams Ab-Adams who flourish'd under Edward 1. but afterwards to the Knightly family of the Berkleys x Hitherto I have made cursory remarks upon those places in this County which are situate beyond or upon Severn now I will pass forward to the easterly parts which I observ'd were hilly to wit Cotswold Cotswold which takes it's name from the hills and sheepcotes for mountains and hills 16 Without woods the Englishmen in old times termed Woulds Would what in English upon which account the ancient Glossary interprets the Alps of Italy the Woulds of Italy Upon these hills are fed large flocks of sheep with the whitest wool having long necks and square Bodies by reason as is supposed of their hilly and short pasture whose fine wool is much valued in foreign nations Under the side of these hills as it were in a neighbourhood together lye these following places most remarkable for their Antiquity y 17 Beginning at the north-east end of them Campden Campden commonly called Camden a noted market town where as John Castor averrs all the Kings of the Saxon Race had a congress in the year 689 and had a common consult how to carry on the war joyntly against the Britains which town 16 Weston and Biselay were in the possession of Hugh Earl of Chester in William the Conqueror's time Inq. 2. Ed. 2. was in the possession of Hugh Earl of Chester and from his posterity descended 17 By Nicolao de Albeniaco an Inheritrice to the ancient Earls of Arundel unto Roger de Somery by Nicholas de Albeniaco to Roger de Somery z h This place is in Warwickshire Adjoyning unto it is Weston of no great antiquity but now remarkable for the stately house there built by Ralph Sheldon for him and his posterity which at a great distance makes a fine prospect Hales Hales a most flourishing Abbey built by Richard Earl of Cornwal and King of the Romans 18 Who was there buried with his wife Sanchia daughter to the Earl of Provence famous for its scholar Alexander de Hales a great master of that knotty and subtile sort of school divinity aa 19 As he carried away the sirname of Doctor Irrefragabilis that is the Doctor ungainsaid as he that could not be gainsaid Sudley Sudley formerly Sudleagh i The neat Church here was ruin'd in the Civil wars and the best part of the Castle is since pull'd down a beautiful castle lately the seat 20 Of Sir Tho. Seimor Baron Seimor of Sudley and Admiral of England attainted in the time of K. Edw. 6 and afterward of Sir John Bruges whom Q. Mary c. of Giles Bruges Baron of Chandos Barons of Chandos whose grandfather John was honoured by Queen Mary with that title because he derived his pedigree from the ancient family of Chandos out of which there flourish'd in the reign of K. Edw. 3. 21 Sir John a famous Banneret L. of Caumont and Kerkitou in France John Chandos Viscount St. Saviours in France eminent for his services and great success in war The former Lords hence called Barons of Sudley Barons of Sudley that lived here were of an ancient English Race deducing their original from Goda the daughter of K. Aethelred whose son Ralph Medantinus Earl of Hereford was the father of Harold Lord of Sudley whose progeny long continued here until for want of issue male the heiress married with 22 Sir William William Butler of the family of Wem and brought him a son named Thomas He was father of Ralph Lord high Treasurer of England whom Hen. 6. created Baron of Sudley 23 With a fee of 200 marks yearly and who new built this castle His sisters were married into the families of Northbury and Belknape by which their possessions were in a short time divided into different families Hard by this is Toddington Toddington where the Tracies Tracies of a worshipful and ancient family have long flourished and formerly received many favours from the Barons of Sudley But how in the first reformation of religion William Tracy Lord of this place was censured after his death his body being dug up and burn'd publickly for some slight words in his last Will which those times call'd heretical or how in preceding times another William Tracy imbrued his hands in the blood of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury Ecclesiastical writers having told us at large is now no part of my business to relate Winchelcomb Winchelcomb is here seated which is a populous town where Kenulph the Mercian King erected a Monastery and upon the day of it's consecration freely dismissed Edbricth King of Kent then his prisoner without any ransome paid 'T is scarce credible in what great repute this monastery was for the sake of the reliques of K. Kenesm a child of 7 years old whom his sister privately bereaved of his life to gain the inheritance and who was by that age added to the number of martyrs The neighbourhood of this place was formerly reckoned as a County or Sheriffdom by it self for we find in an ancient manuscript belonging to the Church of Worcester these words Edric sirnamed Streona that is the * Adquisitor Acquirer who under Ethelred and afterwards under Cnute or Canute presided and reigned as a Viceroy over all England adjoyned the Sheriffdom of Winchelcombe which was then an entire thing in it self to the County of Glocester bb 24 Thence I found nothing memorable but near the fountain of Churn river Coberley a seat of a stem of Barkeleis so often named even from the Conquest which matched with an heir of Chandos and so came hereditarily to the Bruges progenitors to the Lords Chandos Then by Bird-lip-hill whereby we ascended to this high Coteswold Lower in the County lyeth Brimesfield Brimesfield where the Giffords were formerly Lords Giffords Barons to whom by marriage with the Cliffords came a plentiful Estate but soon after having only daughters it fell to the Lords Le Strange of Blackmer the Audleys and others cc These places are situate amongst the hills but under the hills upon the East-confines of the County I saw that famous Roman highway call'd the Fosse
which had been for some time buried under ground and was dug up a perfect stone More to the East Tuddington shews it's beautiful house lately built by H. Lord Cheney 12 Made by Queen Elizabeth Baron Cheyney of Tuddington built and shortly after dy'd sans-issue where also formerly Paulinus Pever a Courtier and Sewer to King Henry 3. did as Matth. Paris tells us build a seat with such palace-like grandeur such a Chapel such Lodgings with other houses of stone cover'd with lead and surrounded it with such ‖ Pomoeâ—â— avenues and parks that it rais'd an astonishment in the beholders We have not gone far from this place along by Hockley in the hole a dirty road extreme troublesome to travellers in winter time 13 For the old Englishmen our Progenitors call'd deep mire hock and hocks and through fields wherein are the best beans yielding a pleasant smell but by their fragrancy spoiling the scent of dogs not without the great indignation of the Hunters till we ascend a white hill into Chiltern and presently come to Dunstable Duâ—stabâ—e seated in a chalky ground pretty well inhabited and full of Inns. It has 4 streets answering the 4 quarters of the world and because of the dryness of the soil every one has 4 publick * Lacunâ— ponds which tho' supply'd only with rain-water are yet never dry For springs they can come at none without digging 24 fathom deep In the middle of the town there is a Cross or rather a Pillar having engraven upon it the Arms of England Castile and Pontieu and adorn'd with Statues it was built by K. Edw. 1. in memory of his Queen Eleanor among some others in places through which she was carry'd 14 Out of Lincolnshire in Funeral pomp to Westminster There 's no manner of doubt to be made but that this was the Station which Antoninus the Emperour in his Itinerary mentions under the name of Magioninium Magiovinium Magiovinium and Magintum c Mr. Camden in his second edition 8o. settl'd it at Ashwell in Hertfordshire nor need it be sought in any other place For setting aside that it stands upon the Roman Military way the Swineherds now and then in the neighbouring fields find Coins of the Emperors which they call to this day Madning-money and at a little distance upon the very descent of Chiltern-hills there is a round military fortification such as Strabo has told us the British towns were It contains 9. acres and is call'd Madning-bowre and Madin-bowre a name wherein with a little variation one may easily discover Magintum But after Magintum either by the storms of war or time was destroy'd Henry 1. built another Town here with a Royal seat at Kingsbury and planted a Colony that should be a curb to the insolence of Robbers as the private History of the little Monastery which he founded for an ornament to his Colony does plainly testifie But take the very words of that private History tho' they savour something of the barbarity of that age It is to be observ'd that that * Aâ—ea structure at the meeting of the way of Watling and Ikening d Primitus sartabatur in the folio edition but in the second which was in 8o. we find in the margin primitus succidebantur was first contriv'd by Henry the Elder of that name King of England to prevent the mischiefs of one Dun a famous Robber and his Gang and that from this Dun the place was call'd Dunstable i Our Lord the King built a burrough there and a Royal seat for himself near it The Burgesses were free in every thing as the other Burgesses of the King's Realm The King had in the same village a Fair and Market and afterwards built a Church wherein by the authority of Pope Eugenius 3. he plac'd Canons Regular feoffing the said Religious in the whole Burrough by Charter and granting them several immunities k 15 As for Leighton Buzard on the one side of Dunstable and Luton on the other neither have I read nor seen any thing memorable in them unless I should say that at Luton I saw a fair Church but the Quire then roofless and overgrown with weeds and adjoyning to it an elegant Chapel founded by J. Lord Wenlock and well maintained by the family of Rotheram planted here by Thomas Rotheram Archbishop of York and Chancellour of England in the time of King Edw. 4. Now of the Lords Dukes and Earls of Bedford Dâ—kes Earls and Barons of Bâ—â—â—ord First there were Barons of Bedford of the family of Beauchamp who by right of inheritance were Almoners to the Kings of England on their Coronation-day But the estate being divided by daughters to the Mowbrays Wakes and Fitz-Otes King Edward 3. made Engelram de Coucy Earl of Soissons in France 16 Son to Engelrame Lord of Coucy and his wife daughter to the Duke of Austria to whom he had marry'd a daughter first Earl of Bedford Afterwards Henry 5. erected Bedford into a Dukedom and it had three Dukes the first was John third son of Henry 4. who beat the French in a sea-engagement at the mouth of the Seine and again being made Regent of France 17 Slain in a land-fight at Vernolium He was bury'd at Roan and the Fortune of England as to the French wars was bury'd with him Whose monument while Charles 8. King of France was a viewing and a Nobleman stood by that advis'd him to pull it down Nay says he let him rest in peace now he 's dead whom France dreaded in the field while alive The second Duke of Bedford was George Nevil a young boy son of John Marquess of Montacute both of whom K. Edw 4. degraded by Act of Parliament almost assoon as he had set them up the father for treachery in deserting his party and the son out of revenge to the father Tho' it was indeed urg'd as a pretence that he had not estate enough to bear out the grandeur of a Duke and that great men when they want answerable Fortunes are always a plague and burthen to their neighbours The third was Jasper de Hatfeld Earl of Pembroke honour'd with this title by his * Nepote grandchild Hen. 7. whom he had sav'd out of very great dangers but 18 Some ten years after his creation he tho' he liv'd to a great age dy'd unmarry'd But within the memory of our Fathers it return'd to the title of an Earldom when King Edward 6. created John Russel Earl of Bedford who was succeeded by his son 19 Sir Francis Francis a person of that piety and gentile easiness of temper that whatever I can possibly say in his commendation will fall infinitely short of his Virtues He left Edward his successor and grandchild by his son Francis who is growing up by degrees to the honour of his Ancestors This little County has 116 Parishes ADDITIONS to BEDFORDSHIRE a ON the west-side of
in the publick Records of the kingdom they must excuse me if I suspend my assent till they convince me upon better grounds Not but I own the family of the Glanvils to have made a very great figure in these parts But before Edward the third's time I could never yet find it vouch'd by good authority that any one was honour'd with the title of Earl of this County But that King made Robert de Ufford a person of great exploits both at home and abroad son of Robert Steward of the King's house under Edward the second by Cecilia de Valoniis Lady of Orford Earl of Suffolk To him succeeded his son William whose four sons were snatcht away by an untimely death in his life time and himself just as he was a going to report the opinion of the House of Commons in Parliament fell down dead Robert Willoughby Roger Lord of Scales Inq. 5. Rich. 2. and Henry de Ferrariis of Grooby as next heirs at Law divided the estate Lel. Com. in Cygnaam Cant. Wallingham p. 35â— Regist Mâ—n de Melsa And Richard the second advanc'd Michael de la Pole from a Merchant to this honour and to the dignity of Lord Chancellour of England Who as Tho. Walsingham tells us was better vers'd in merchandize as a Merchant himself and the Son of a Merchant than in martial matters For he was the son of William de la Pole the first Mayor of Kingston upon Hull See Hull in Yorkshire i See Brook's Catalogue p. 305. and Discovery of Errours p. 46. 57 58 59. who upon account of his great wealth had the dignity of a Banerett conferr'd upon him by Edward the third But wanting a spirit fit to receive those crowds of prosperity he was forc'd to quit his Country and dy'd in banishment However his being a Merchant does not by any means detract from his honour for who knows not that even our Noblemen's sons have been Merchants Nor will I deny that he was nobly descended though a Merchant 20 Michael his son being restor'd dy'd at the siege of Harslew and within the space of one month his son Michael was in like manner slain in the battel of Agincourt leaving daughters only Michael his son being restor'd had a son Michael slain in the battel of Agincourt and William whom Henry the sixth from Earl of Suffolk first created Marquiss of Suffolk 21 As also Earl of Pembroke to him and the heirs male of his body and that he and his heirs male on the Coronation-day of the Kings of England carry a golden Verge with a dove on the top of it and such another Verge of Ivory at the Coronation of the Queens of England Afterwards he advanc'd the same person for his great deserts to the honour and title of Duke of Suffolk And indeed he was a man truly great and eminent For when his father and three brothers had lost their life in the service of their Country in the French wars he as we read in the Parliament-Rolls of the 28th of Henry 6. spent thirty whole years in the same war For seventeen years together he never came home once he was taken while but a Knight and paid twenty thousand pound * Nostrae monetae sterling for his ransom Fifteen years he was Privy-Councellor and Knight of the Garter thirty By this means as he gain'd the entire favour of his Prince so did he raise the envy of the people 22 Insomuch that being vehemently accus'd of treason and misprisions and on that account summon'd to appear before the King and Lords in Parliament assembled after having answer'd the Articles objected he referr'd himself to the King's Order Whereupon the Chancellor by his Majesty's special command pronounc'd That whereas the Duke did not put himself on his Peers the King as for what related to the Articles of Treason would remain doubtful and with respect to those of Misprision not as a Judge by advice of the Lords but as a person to whose order the Duke had voluntarily submitted himself did banish him from the Realms and all other his Dominions for five years But he was surpriz'd c. and so for some slight misdemeanours and those too not plainly prov'd upon him he was banish'd and in his passage over into France was intercepted by the enemy and beheaded He left a son John who marry'd Edward the fourth's sister and had by her John Earl of Lincoln This Earl John being declar'd heir apparent to the Crown by Richard the third could not suppress his ambition but presently broke out against King Henry the seventh to his own destruction for he was quickly cut off 23 In the battel at Stoke in the Civil war to his father 's also who dy'd of grief and to the ruine of the whole family which expir'd with him For his brother Edmund styl'd Earl of Suffolk making his escape into Flanders began to raise a Rebellion against King Henry the seventh who better satisfy'd with repentance than punishment had pardon'd him for some heinous Crimes But a little after he was by Philip of Austria Duke of Burgundy against the Laws of Hospitality as they then worded it deliver'd up to Henry who solemnly promis'd him his life but clap'd him in prison Henry the eighth not thinking himself oblig'd to a promise of his father's when he had thoughts of going for France cut him off for fear there might be some insurrections in his absence But Richard his younger brother living under banishment in France made use of the title of Duke of Suffolk who was the last male of the family that I know of and dy'd bravely in the thick of the enemies troops An. 1524. in the battel of Pavie wherein Francis the first King of France was taken prisoner For his singular valour his very enemy the Duke of Bourbon bestow'd upon him a splendid Funeral †Atratúsque interâ—uit and was himself one of the Mourners Afterwards King Henry 8. conferr'd the title of Duke of Suffolk upon 24 Sir Charles Charles Brandon to whom he had given Mary his sister widow of Lewis the 12th King of France in marriage 25 And granted to him all the Hmours and Manours which Edmund Earl of Suffolk had forfeited He was succeeded by his young son Henry and Henry by his brother Charles but both dying of the ‖ Sudore Britannico Sweating-sickness 26 On one day in the year 1551. Edward the sixth dignify'd Henry Grey Marquiss of Dorchester who had marry'd Frances their sister with that title But he did not enjoy it long till he was beheaded by Queen Mary for endeavouring to advance his daughter to the Throne and was the last Duke of Suffolk From that time the title of Suffolk lay dead till of late King James in the first year of his reign created Thomas Lord Howard of Walden second son of Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk Earl of Suffolk
Lancaster Earl of Hereford to the King for blabbing some scandalous and malicious words against his Majesty And when they were to try it by duel a Herald by the King's authority pronounc'd sentence against them at the very Lists that both should be banish'd Lancaster for 10 years but Mowbray for life who dy'd at Venice leaving two sons behind him in England Whereof Thomas Earl Marshal and Earl of Nottingham for he had no other titles upon raising a conspiracy was beheaded by Henry of Lancaster who had possest himself of the Crown under the name of Henry 4. But his brother and heir John by the favour of Hen. 5. was restor'd and being for some years after stil'd only Earl Marshal and Earl of Nottingham upon Hen. 6.'s coming to the Crown was by virtue of a Patent granted by Rich. 2. as son of Thomas Duke of Norfolk his father Rot. Parl. 3 Hen. 6. and heir to Thomas his brother declar'd Duke of Norfolk by authority of Parliament He was succeeded by his son John who dy'd in the first year of Edw. 4. and he also by his son of that name who in the life-time of his father was by Hen. 6. created Earl of Surrey and Warren Parl. 17. Edw. 4. Whose only daughter Anne was marry'd to Richard Duke of York K. Ed. the 4.'s young son and with her had a grant from his father of the titles of Norfolk Earl Marshal Warren and Nottingham But both he and his wife being made away very young Rich. 3. K. of England conferr'd the title of Duke of Norfolk and the authority of Earl Marshal upon 24 John Lord Howard John Howard who was found Kinsman and one of the heirs of Anne Dutchess of York and Norfolk above-mention'd For his mother was one of the daughters of that first Tho. Mowbray Duke of Norfolk and K. Edw. 4. had advanc'd him to the dignity of a Baron This John was kill'd in the battel of Bosworth fighting valiantly for Richard against Hen. 7. His son Thomas who by creation from Rich. 3. was Earl of Surrey 25 And by King Hen. 7. made Lord Treasurer was by K. Hen. 8. restor'd to his father's title of Norfolk 26 And his son the same day created Earl of Surrey after he had routed the Scotch-army 27 At Branxton at Floddon wherein James 1. K. of Scots was slain In memory of which victory it was granted to the family of the Howards that in the middle of the White Bend in their Arms there should be added In an Escocheon Or An honorary Escocheon in the Arms of the Howards a demy Lion shot through the mouth with an arrow within a double tressure adorn'd with Lilies on both sides Gules which comes very near to the Arms of the Kings of Scotland He was succeeded by his son Thomas 28 As well in his Honours as in the Office of Lord Treasurer of England and liv'd in the time of Queen Mary whom our own Age saw toss'd about with the ebbs and flows of Fortune His grandchild Thomas by his son Henry which Henry was the first of our English Nobility that grac'd his high birth with the ornaments of Learning being attainted of High-Treason for endeavouring a match with Mary Queen of Scots and in the year 1572. beheaded See in the Adages of Hadr. Juu. Achilleum votum was the last D. of Norfolk From which time his posterity has as it were lay dead but now by the favour and bounty of K. James begins to revive and flourish again There are in this County about 660 Parish-Churches ADDITIONS to NORFOLK THE County of Norfolk is so call'd from its Northern situation with respect to the rest of the East-Angles whereof it was a part Our Author recommends it for its being very populous having as he observes 27 markets and 625 villages But if we may trust the Book of Rates of Taxes to the King the esteem it hath upon that account may be rais'd much higher for there we find 32 markets and 711 villages whether Mr. Camden was mistaken in the number or this increase have been since his time I dare not say What he has observ'd of its being a Nursery of Lawyers as it is confirm'd by many instances so particularly by the great Sir Henry Spelman from whom Spede confesses he receiv'd his description of Norfolk After that he drew up an entire description of this his native County and upon his authority principally depends the greatest part of the following remarks a To begin with our Author Thetford Thetford is no doubt the ancient Sitomagus but whether that be corruptly written Simomagus and Sinomagus is not so certain as to bear a positive assertion It is worth the while to consider whether there is not something in these names which should imply its being the Capital city of the Iceni If we take Simomagus Ptolemy's Simeni for so he names the people of those parts does something favour it and Sinomagus comes nearer the name Iceni especially if we may suppose the I cast away as in Hispani Spani Besides Caesar's calling this people Cenimagni which Camden finding them distinctly read Ceni Agni is of opinion should be read Iceni Regni farther confirms this conjecture b As to the relation which Mr. Camden discovers between the initial of the old and present names Sit and Thet and from thence concludes that the modern name is compounded of the remains of the Roman and the Saxon ford there is no grounds for it For the old Saxon name was Ãeod-ford not as Mr. Camden writes it Ãeotford the similitude of t and d probably creating a mistake in some old Copies which plainly signifies a ford of the people This town was famous for being a seat of the Kings of the East-Angles but whether that fortification with a double trench was the work of the Saxons our Author leaves to the judgment of others That incomparable Antiquary Spelman thinks it was done by the Danes who made so considerable a figure in those parts because the camps of both Romans and Saxons are generally observ'd to be much larger An anonymous Author quoted by * Antiq. Cant. p. 148. Caius tells us there was formerly a Great-School or Nursery of Learning in this place It may possibly be the same which †Hist Eccl. l. 3. c. 18. Bede hints to when he informs us how Sigebert after he was return'd home and settl'd in his kingdom built a school for the education of youth in imitation of what he had observ'd of that nature in France Whether this passage belongs to Thetford or Cambridge for the latter lays claim to it to advance its Antiquity is a point too large to be discuss'd here Notwithstanding the eminency of the place which besides the seat of the East-Saxon Kings the Bishops-See and 8 Monasteries have entail'd upon it a thing perhaps that few cities can boast of yet in 9 Edw 1. it was neither city
as unfortunate as could be Catharine of Spain and Mary Queen of Scots lye interr'd finding rest here from all their miseries g 〈◊〉 Penns Beneath Peterborow the Nen by this time remov'd about five and forty miles from its Spring-head and carrying along with it in its chanel all the little streams and land-floods occasion'd by rain divides it self into several branches And by this means finding no certain course for its stream diffuses its waters all abroad the plain Country and overflows it far and near in the winter nay and sometimes the greater part of the year so that it seems to be a vast level Ocean with here and there an Island bearing up and appearing above the surface of the waters The cause the neighbouring people alledge to be this that of the three chanels in which such a vast deal of waters was us'd to be convey'd the first that went to the Ocean by Thorney Abby and thence aside by Clowscross and Crow-land the second also by the cut made by Morton Bishop of Ely call'd the New Leame and then by Wisbich have a long time been neglected and upon this account that the third which bends its course down by Horsey-bridge Wittles-mere Ramsey-mere and Salters-load is not able to receive so much water so that it breaks out with more violence upon the adjoyning Flats And the Country complains of the injury done them as well by those who have neglected the keeping open and clearing the chanels as by others that have diverted the water to their private uses and as the Reatines in Tacitus they say That Nature her self hath well provided for man's use in giving all rivers their issues and courses and their endings as well as their springs But of this enough if not too much In this place the County is narrowest for between the Nen and the river Welland one of the boundaries on the North-side it is scarce five miles over Upon the Welland which Ethelwerd an ancient Writer calls c The Saxon-Annals p. 109. call it Weolud and Florence of Worcester Welund Weolod near its spring stands Braibrooke Castle B. brooke Lords of B. brooke built by Robert May alià s de Braibrok a great favourite of King John's whose son Henry having married Christiana Ledet an heiress of a great estate his eldest son took the sirname of Ledet From one of whose grand daughters by his son as I said before it fell to the Latimers and from them to the Griffins who now enjoy it h Hard by amongst the woods I saw some few remains of a Monastery call'd anciently De Divisis now Pipwell Pâ—pwell founded by William Buttevillein for Cistercian Monks in the reign of Henry the second From thence we have a sight of Rockingham a Castle sometime of the Earls of Albemarle built by King William the Conquerour at which time it was a Waste as we find in Domesday-book Domesday-book fortified with rampires bulwarks and a double range of battlements seated upon the side of an hill in a woody forest thereupon named Rockingham Forest i It runs next by Heringworth the seat formerly of the * De Cantempo Cantlows and now of the Lords Zouch who fetch their original from Eudo a younger son of Alan de la Zouch Lords Zouch of Ashby and have grown up to an honourable family of Barons having been much enobled by matches with one of the heirs of Cantlow and also with another of Baron †De Sancto Mauro Seymour who likewise drew his pedigree from the heir of the Lord Zouch of Ashby and the Lovels Lords of Castle-Cary in Somersetshire k Here also in this Forest I saw Deane belonging anciently to the Deanes afterwards to the Tindals which is worth mentioning if it were but for its being at present a pleasant seat of the Brudenels of which Family Sir Edmund Brudenel Kt. lately deceased was a great lover and admirer of venerable antiquity The family likewise of Engain Barons of Engain which was both ancient and honourable had their seat hard by at Blatherwic where now live the House of Staffords Knights descended from Ralph the first Earl of Stafford and converted their Castle named Hymel into a Monastery call'd Finisheved Their Issue-male fail'd about 200 years ago but of the daughters the eldest was married to Sir John Goldington the second to Sir Lawrence Pabenham and the third to Sir William Bernack Knights of great worth and honour Here also we see Apthorp d It is now the possession of the right honourable the Earl of Westmorland the seat of that worthy Knight Sir Anthony Mildemay whose father Walter Mildemay late Privy Councellor to Queen Elizabeth for his virtue wisdom piety favour to learning and learned men shown by founding Emanuel-College in Cambridg hath worthily deserv'd to be registred among the best men of this age In the neighbourhood stands Thornhaugh Thornhaugh belonging formerly to the family of ‖ De Sancto Medardo Semarc and now to the right honourable William Russel son of Francis Earl of Bedford descended of the same family of Semarc whom King James for his virtues and faithful service in Ireland while he was Lord Deputy there advanced to the dignity of Baron Russel of Thornhaugh Neither is the little Town of Welledon Welledon Bassets of Welledon to be past by considering that anciently it went for a Barony which by Maud daughter and heir of Geoffrey de Ridell who was drown'd with King Henry the first 's son descended to Richard Basset Lord Chief Justice of England in whose race it continued till K. Henry the fourth's time when Male-issue failing it fell by the females to the Knevetts and Alesburies From Heringworth the Welland visits Colliweston where the Lady Margaret Countess of Richmond King Henry the seventh's mother built a fine house Beneath Colliweston the neighbouring inhabitants dig great store of Slates Slates for covering Houses for building From hence Wittering-heath a plain runs out a long way Eastward upon which the Inhabitants tell you the Danes receiv'd a memorable overthrow And now Welland arrives at Burghley a most beautiful seat from which that singularly wise and honourable Councellor Sir William Cecil Lord high Treasurer of England the great support of this Nation receiv'd the title of Baron Burghley Burghley Baron Burghley at the hands of Queen Elizabeth This house he adorn'd with the lustre of his own virtues and beautify'd with magnificent buildings laying to it a large Park for that †Parcus word Varro uses encompass'd with a Stone-wall of great circumference l Below this at Berneck lye the old Stone Quarries out of which the Abbies of Peterborow and Ramsey were built Here to use the very words of the History of Ramsey The toiling strength of the Quarriers is often exercis'd yet still there remains work whereon to employ them resting and refreshing them now and then by a cessation And we read in King Edward the
survey'd the Counties of the Coritani who were seated in the Western Parts we proceed to take a view of the Cornabii or Cornavii The original of which name I must leave to others to enquire after 'T is true I could wrest it to this and that signification but since none will either suit the nature of the place or genius of the people I shall not swell this Volume with them To pursue my design therefore I shall severally go through those Provinces which according to Ptolemy's description the Cornavii seem to have possess'd viz. Warwickshire Worcestershire Staffordshire Shropshire and Cheshire In all which not the least footstep of the name Cornavii remains at this day although it seems to have continued even to the declension of the Roman Empire For the †Numeri Turmae Troops of the Cornavii served under the later Emperours as may be seen in the * Libro NotitiÌ„arum Breviary of the Western Empire WARWICKSHIRE THE County of Warwick call'd by the Saxons as at present a By the Saxon Annals it is call'd Waeringscyre Warwickshire is bounded on the East with Northamptonshire Leicestershire and the Military way mention'd before on the South-side with Oxfordshire and Glocestershire on the West for the greatest part with Worcestershire and on the North with Staffordshire It is divided into two parts the Feldon and the Woodland i.e. a Champain and a Woody Country sever'd by the river Avon running obliquely from North-east to South-west through the middle of this County a On the South-side of the Avon lies Feldon Feldon a champain Country whose fertile fields of corn and verdant pastures yield a most delightful prospect to those who view them from the top of Edghill b Where this track of hills terminates near Warmington I saw a large round military entrenchment which I suppose as others of the like nature was cast up and made for present defence against the sudden inroads of some enemy From the red soil hereabouts a village at the foot of Edghill is call'd Rodway or Rodley and a great part of the Vale the Vale of Red horse The vale of Red-horse bearing that name from the figure of a great horse cut by the country people in the side of the hill near Pillerton out of red coloured earth In this part of the Country the places worthy of note are Shipston and Kynton Shipston in Worcestershire Kynton the former an ancient market for sheep the latter for kine or beasts from whence they both deriv'd their name c Compton Crompton in the hole so call'd from its being situated in a bottom almost surrounded with hills yet it is not without its pleasures From this place a noble family borrow'd their name a descendant of which Henry Compton in the year 1572. was by the most illustrious Princess Queen Elizabeth raised to the dignity of a Baron of this Kingdom b They are since Earls of Northampton Wormleighton well-known for the richness of its sheep-pastures but much more remarkable since K. James created that excellent person Robert Spencer of whom I have already spoken Baron Spencer of Wormleighton Wormleighton d Shugbury Shugbury where the c Being put into a glâ—ss or cup of Vinegar they stir about and keep themselves in mâ—tion which experiment our Author says he had never made See in Lincolâ—shire Star-stones Astroites Astroites are often turned up in ploughing the fields which the Lords of that manour the Shugburies have long since taken into their Coat-armour Southam a market-town of some note and well frequented Leamington Leamington so call'd from the little river Leame which runs through the precinct thereof where there rises a d The water is us'd by the poorer inhabitants for seasoning their bread salt Spring Vehindon now Long Ichingdon and Harbury These two places are memorable on no other account than the death of Fremundus son of Offa King of the Mercians who was basely and treacherously slain betwixt them e A person of great eminence in his time and of singular piety whom nothing so much made the mark and object of envy as that in an unhappy juncture he triumph over the insolent Enemy But this undeserved fate of his turn'd to his greatest glory for being bury'd at the palace of his father Offa now call'd Off-Church Oâ—f-Châ— his memory was continu'd to posterity and canoniz'd he had divine honours paid him by the people and his life writ by an ancient Author in no ill verse Some of which describing the villain who spurr'd on with the ambition of a crown thus impiously assassinated him it may not be unacceptable to present you withal Non sperans vivo Fremundo regis honore Optato se posse frui molitur in ejus Immeritam tacitò mortem gladióque profanus Irruit exerto servus Dominique jacentis Tale nihil veritum saevo caput amputat ictu Talis apud †In soâ— Copies Radfaâ—â— Wydford Fremundum palma coronat Dum simul sontes occîdit occidit insons Despairing e're to reach his proud desires While Fremund liv'd he wickedly conspires Against his life and with his treacherous sword Beheads his sleeping and unthinking Lord. At Wydford thus blest Fremund gain'd a crown While guilty blood he shed and guiltless spent his own But I must not omit to acquaint you that the Foss Foss-waâ— that old Roman-way crosseth this Feldon or Champain part some remains of whose Causey in pastures now trackless and unfrequented are to be seen near Chesterton the seat of the very ancient family of the e One of this â—â—mâ—y in the 28th of Edw. 1. is call'd Richâ—â—â—us de Pictavia i.e. Peictou in France Peitoes of which was that William Peito Peito the Franciscan Frier whom Paul the fourth then Pope to mortifie Cardinal Pool Thus divine minds you see are subject to mortal passions created in vain Cardinal and Legat of England having cited Pool as guilty of some heretical opinions to answer the same at Rome For Mary Queen of England although entirely devoted to the See of Rome so interposed in it or rather opposed the same that Peito was inhibited from entring England and Pool preserv'd his Legatine authority f Perhaps it may not be impertinent to mention what some writers under the reign of Edward the fourth parabolically representing the great depopulation caused by inclosing of Common-fields have complain'd of Ross anâ— T. B. agâ— the demâ—lishers oâ— Villageâ— viz. That Covetousness coming down at the head of a numerous army of sheep fell with great fury on the populous villages of this tract drove out their ancient inhabitants with a mighty slaughter and placed her new followers in their stead Which great destruction made a man of learning in that age exclaim with the Poet Quid facerent hostes capta crudeliùs urbe Could plund'ring foes more cruelty have shown WARWICK SHIRE By Robt. Morden The next
living and Duke of Northumberland by the courtesie of England made use of this title for some time and afterwards Ambrose a person most accomplisht in all heroick qualities and of a sweet disposition by the royal favour of Queen Elizabeth had in my time the title restor'd him 16 And his heirs males and for defect of them to Robert his brother and the heirs males â—f his body lawfully begotten maintain'd the honour with great applause and at last dy'd without issue 17 This Honour Ambrose bare with great commendation and died without children in the year 1589. shortâ—y â—fter his brother Robert Earl of Leicester In this County are 158 Parish-Churches ADDITIONS to WARWICKSHIRE THIS County at first sight should promise a considerable stock of Antiquities being almost encompass'd with old Roman ways which generally afford us the largest treasure Watlingstreet runs along the East-part Ykenild-street upon the West and both are cut by the Foss crossing it from South-west to North-east And had but Sir William Dugdale took the liberty of making larger digressions of that kind either in the body of his work as such places lay in his way or in the method which Dr. Plott has since us'd making such Antiquities an Appendix to his elaborate work we should probably have found the discoveries answerable to the appearance and that those ways would have contributed the same assistance to that search as they do in other Counties I dare not call it an omission because it did not so directly fall under his design but if it were those many excellent digressions he has given us concerning the nature and difference of Monastick orders consecrations of Churches and such like would make ample satisfaction However since we cannot compass the whole let us be content with what we have and accompany Mr. Camden to the several parts of this County a Only we must premise something of the condition of its two general branches Feldon and Wood land That the first was once exceeding populous may certainly be inferr'd from the numbers of villages enter'd in Domesday the situation whereof are now known only by their ruins or at most by a cottage or two of a Shepherd's who ranges over and manages as much ground as would have employ'd a dozen Teems and maintain'd forty or fifty families The reason of converting so much Tillage into Pasture in this part seems to be the great progress the Woodlanders have made in Agriculture by which means the County began to want Pasture For the Iron-works in the Counties round destroy'd such prodigious quantities of wood that they quickly lay the Country a little open and by degrees made room for the plough Whereupon the Inhabitants partly by their own industry and partly by the assistance of Marle and of other useful contrivances have turn'd so much of Wood and Heath-land into Tillage and Pasture that they produce corn cattel cheese and butter enough not only for their own use but also to furnish other Counties whereas within the memory of man they were supply'd with Corn c. from the Feldon b Feldon is recommended for the delicate prospect it affords from Edge-hill â—c â—hill but Edge-hill it self is since become much more considerable for that signal battel fought there between the King and Parliament Sept. 9. 1642. The generality of our Historians compute the number of the slain to have been five or six thousand but by the survey taken by Mr. Fisher Vicar of Kineton who was appointed by the Earl of Essex for that purpose the list of the slain amounted only to thirteen hundred and odd On the Noth-east corner of Edge-hill stands Ratley â—y call'd falsly by our Author Rodley it never appearing under that name only in Domesday-book it is indeed call'd Rotelei The fortification he mentions is not round but quadrangular and contains about 12 acres Near which within our memory were found a sword of brass and a battle-ax something of this kind our Author observes to have been discover'd at the foot of St. Michael's Mount in Cornwall The shape of the horse mention'd by our Author is on the side of Edge-hill and the trenches that form it are cleans'd and kept open by a neighbouring Freeholder who holds lands by that service c Kineton â—on cannot be as Mr. Camden would have it deriv'd from its market of kine because Henry 1. gave this Church under the name of Chinton to the Canons of Kenilworth â—â—de â—â—orth whereas the market was not granted till 4 Henr. 3. But 't is probable it had that name from being the possession of the Kings particularly of Edward the Confessor or William the Conquerour And to the North-west of the town at the point of a hill still call'd Castle-hill there has been a Castle as appears by a little mount cast up and a broad and deep ditch round it where tradition says King John kept his Court a Spring also at the foot of the hill goes at this day by the name of King John's well North-east from Kineton is Chadshunt Chadshunt one of the 24 towns given by Leofrick Earl of Mercia to the Monastery of Coventry in his Charter call'd Chaddesleyhunt and in Domesday Cedesleshunte 'T is probable it had that name from S. Chadde call'd also Cedde and Ceadde For in the Chapel yard was an ancient Oratory and in it as the Inhabitants report the Image of St. Chadde by reason of the resort of Pilgrims worth 16 l. per An. to the Priest Inquis capt 4. Eliz. Here is also a Well or Spring that still retains the name of Chad's well Not far from hence is Nether Ealendon Nether Ealendon which manour was held of Henry de Ferrers at the time of the Conquest and continues at this day in the hands of his posterity of the male-line such an uninterrupted succession of owners for so many ages as we seldom meet with Till Henry the third's time it was their principal seat then removing into Derbyshire they took the name of Shirley and the present Lord of this place is Sir Robert Shirley Baronet d More Eastward stands Wormleighton Wormleighton of which place Mr. Camden tells us Robert Spenser was created Baron by K. James 1. * Baronage Tom. 2. p. 418. Dugdale also says that Sir Robert Spenser son to Sir John and not Sir John as it is in some Editions of our Author was he upon whom K. James 1. on the 21th of July and first year of his reign conferr'd the dignity of a Baron under the title of Lord Spenser of Wormleighton whose grandson Henry Lord Spenser being advanc'd by K. Charles the first to the title of Earl of Sunderland and in arms for that Prince in the late civil wars lost his life in the first battel of Newbury e Next we go forward to Long-Ichingdon Long-Ichingdon so call'd from the river Ichene on which it stands †Dugdaâ— p. 230. and memorable for the
for she was married to Walter de Beauchamp whom King Stephen made Constable of England when he displaced Miles Earl of Glocester Within a few years after K. Stephen made Walleran Earl of Mellent 6 Twin-brother brother to Robert Bossu Robert de Monte. Earl of Leicester the first Earl of Worcester and gave him the City of Worcester which Walleran became a Monk and died at Preaux in Normandy in the year 1166. His son Robert who married the daughter of Reginald Earl of Cornwall and set up the standard of Rebellion against Hen. 2. and Peter the son of Robert who revolted to the French in 1203. used only the title of Earl of Mellent as far as I have observed and not of Worcester For K. Hen. 2. who succeeded Stephen did not easily suffer any to enjoy those honours under him which they had received from his enemy For as the Annals of the Monastery of Waverley have it he deposed the titular and pretended Earls among whom K. Stephen had indiscreetly distributed all the Revenues of the Crown After this till the time of K. Rich. 2. I know of none who bore the title of Earl of Worcester He conferred it upon Thomas Percy who being slain in the Civil wars by Hen. 4. Richard Beauchamp descended from the Abtots received this honour from K. Hen. 5. After him who died without heirs male John Tiptoft Lord Lieutenant of Ireland was created Earl of Worcester by K. Hen. 6. And he presently after siding with Edward 4. and accommodating himself with a blind obedience to the humour of that Prince became the Executioner of his vengeance till he in like manner lost his own head when Hen. 6. was restored But K. Edward having recovered the Crown restored Edward Tiptoft his son to all again He died without issue and the estate was divided among the sisters of that John Tiptoft who was Earl of Worcester Orig. 1 H. 7. R. 36. who were married to the Lord Roos Lord Dudley and Edmund Ingoldsthorp whereupon Charles Somerset natural son of Henry Duke of Somerset was honoured with that title by K. Hen. 8. to whom in a direct line have succeeded Henry William and Edward who is now living and among his other vertuous and noble qualities is to be honoured as a great Patron of good literature This County hath 152 Parishes ADDITIONS to WORCESTERSHIRE a AFTER the Britains were expell'd this nation by the Conquering Saxons they retir'd beyond the Severn and defended their new Territories against the encroaching Enemy So that the County of Worcester with those other through which that large river runs were for a long time the frontiers between the two people And * Breviar f. 26. p. 1. as Mr. Twine has observ'd most of the great cities that lye upon the East-shore of Severn and Dee were built to resist the irruptions of the Britains by the Romans or Saxons or both like as the Romans erected many places of strength on the West-shore of the Rhine to restrain the forcible invasions of the Germans into France b The people of those parts in Bede's time before England was divided into Counties were as our Author observes term'd Wiccii as also were some of their neighbours But the great question is how far that name reach'd the solution whereof is not attempted by Mr. Camden They seem to have inhâ—bited all that tract which was anciently subject to the Bishops of Worcester that is all Glocestershire on the East-side Severn with the city of Bristol all Worcestershire except 16 parishes in the North-west-part lying beyond Aberley-hills and the river Teme and near the South-half of Warwickshire with Warwick-town For as under the Heptarchy at first there was but one Bishop in each kingdom and the whole realm was his Diocese so upon the subdividing the kingdom of Mercia into five Bishopricks An. Dom. 679. of which Florentius Wigorniensis saith Wiccia was the first doubtless the Bishop had the entire Province under his jurisdiction and accordingly he was stil'd Bishop of the Wiccians and not of Worcester This will appear more probable yet from a passage in †P. 559. edit Lond. quarto Florentius who saith that Oshere Vice-Roy of the Wiccians perswaded Aethelred King of Mercia to make this division out of a desire that the Province of Wiccia which he govern'd with a sort of Regal power might have the honour of a Bishop of its own This being effected his See was at Worcester the Metropolis of the Province which according to ‖ Hist Ecel lib. 2. cap. 2. Bede border'd on the Kingdom of the West-Saxons that is Wiltshire and Somersetshire and Coteswold-hills lye in it which in Eadgar's Charter to Oswald is call'd Mons Wiccisca or Wiccian-hill tho' * Concil Tom. 1. p. 433. Spelman reads it corruptly Monte Wittisca and the †Monast Angl. T. 1. p. 140. Monasticon more corruptly Wibisca Moreover Sceorstan which possibly is the Shire-stone beyond these hills is said by ‖ Flor. p. 385. 4o. Florentius to be in Wiccia c Having premi's thus much concerning the ancient Inhabitants of those parts let us next with Mr. Camden go thorow the County it self In the very North-point whereof lies Stourbridge Stourbridge so nam'd from the river Stour upon which it stands a well-built market-town and of late much enrich'd by the iron and glass-works King Edward the sixth sounded and liberally endow'd a Grammar-school here and in our time near this place the pious munificence of Tho. Foley Esq erected a noble Hospital and endow'd it with Lands for the maintenance and education of 60 poor Children chosen mostly out of this and some neighbour parishes They are instructed in Grammar Writing Arithmetick c. to fit them for trades Their habit and discipline are much like that of Christ's Hospital in London d Going along with the Stour not far from its entrance into the Severn we meet with Kidderminster Kidderminster famous for the Bissets Lords of it part of whose estate Mr. Camden tells us upon a division came to an Hospital in Wiltshire built for Lepers This was Maiden-Bradley * Monast Angl. Tom. 2. p. 408. which was built by Manser Bisset in King Stephen's time or the beginning of Henr. 2. and endow'd by him and his son Henry long before the estate was divided among daughters †Dugd Baronage T. 1. p. 632. For that hapned not till the year 1241. so that the Tradition of the Leprous Lady is a vulgar fable e Leaving this river our next guide is the Severn upon which stands Holt-castle Holt castlâ—â— now the inheritance of the Bromleys descended from Sir Thomas Bromley Lord Chancellor of England in the middle of Queen Elizabeth's reign A little below Salwarp enters the Severn not far from the first lies Grafton Grafton which Mr. Camden tells us was given to Gilbert Talbot and that hapned upon the attainder of Humfrey Stafford Brook's Cataloguâ— of
pile them up in heaps and burn them to ashes which being afterwards scatter'd on the land thus pared does so enrich them that it 's scarce credible what quantities of Rye they produce Nor is this method of burning the ground any late invention but very ancient as appears out of Virgil and Horace Amongst these Hills is a place call'd Kerig y Drudion or Druid-stones a and at Voelas there are some small pillars inscrib'd with strange letters which some suspect to be the characters used by the Druids b Not far from Klokainog we read this Inscription on a stone AMILLIN TOVISATOC c Towards the Vale where these mountains begin to be thinner lies Denbigh Dâ—nâ—igh seated on a steep rock nam'd formerly by the Britains Kled-vryn yn Rhôs which signifies the craggy hill in Ros for so they call that part of the County which K. Edw. 1. bestow'd with many other large possessions on Davidh ap Grufydh brother of Prince Lhewelyn But he being soon after attainted of high treason and beheaded King Edward granted it to Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln who fortified it with a very strong wall though of a small circumference and on the south-side with a castle adorn'd with high towers But his only son being unfortunately drown'd in the Castle-well he was so much griev'd thereat that he desisted from the work leaving it unfinish'd After his decease this town with the rest of his inheritance descended by his daughter Alice to the house of Lancaster From whom also when that family decay'd it devolv'd first by the bounty of King Edw. 2. to Hugh Spenser and afterwards to Roger Mortimer 1 Earl of Winchester by covenant with King Edw. 3. For his Arms are seen on the chief gate But he being sentenced to dye and executed it 2 With the Cantreds of Ross and Riewiâ—ock c. fell to William Montacute 3 After Earl of Salisbury Earl of Salisbury 4 For surprising of Mortimer tho' soon after restor'd to the Mortimers and by these at length came to the House of York For we read that out of malice to K. Edw. 4. who was of that house this town suffer'd much by those of the family of Lancaster Since which time either because the inhabitants disliked the situation of it for the declivity of the place was no ways convenient or else because it was not well serv'd with water they remov'd hence by degrees insomuch that the old town is now deserted and a new one much larger sprung up at the foot of the hill which is so populous that the Church not being large enough for the inhabitants they have now begun to build a new one where the old town stood partly at the charges of their Lord Robert Earl of Leicester and partly with the money contributed for that use by several well-disposed persons throughout England This Robert Earl of Leicester was created Baron of Denbigh by Queen Elizabeth in the year 1566 5 To him and the heirs of his body lawfully begotten Nor is there any Barony in England that hath more Gentlemen holding thereof in see We are now come to the heart of the County Drâ—â—â— Câ—ry where nature having remov'd the mountains on all hands to shew us what she could do in a rough Country hath spread out a most pleasant vale extended from south to north 17 miles and about 5 in breadth It lies open only to the Ocean and to the †â—â—râ— Bâ—â—â— clearing North-wind being elsewhere guarded with high mountains which towards the east especially are like battlements or turrets for by an admirable artifice of nature the tops of these mountains seem to resemble the turrets of walls Amongst them the highest is call'd Moel Enlhi at the top whereof I observ'd a military fence or rampire d and a very clear Spring This vale is exceeding healthy fruitful and affords a pleasant prospect the complexion of the inhabitants bright and chearful their heads of a sound constitution their sight very lively and even their old age vigorous and lasting The green meadows the corn-fields and the numerous villages and Churches in this vale afford us the most pleasant prospect imaginable The river Clwyd Clwyâ—â— from the very fountain-head runs through the midst of it receiving on each side a great number of rivulets And from hence it has been formerly call'd Ystrad Klwyd for Marianus makes mention of a King of the Strad-cluid-Welsh and at this day 't is call'd Dyffryn Klwyd i.e. the Vale of Cluid where See Caâ— naâ—◠〈◊〉 Annâ—â— as some Authors have deliver'd certain Britains coming out of Scotland planted a Kingdom having first driven out the English which were seated there In the south part of this vale on the east-side of the river lies the town of Ruthin in Welsh Rhuthyn the greatest market in the vale and a very populous town famous not long since for a stately castle which was capable of a very numerous family Both the town and castle were built 6 By Reginald Grey to whom K. Eaw 1. granted it and Roger c. by Roger Grey with permission of the King the Bishop of St. Asaph and the Rector of Lhan Rhûdh it being seated in that parish To this Roger Grey in consideration of his service against the Welsh King Edward 1. granted almost the whole Vale and this was the seat of his posterity who flourish'd under the title of Earls of Kent till the time of Richard Grey Earl of Kent and Lord of Ruthin who dying without issue and having no regard to his brother Henry sold this ancient inheritance to King Henry 7. since which time the castle has daily decay'd Of late through the bounty of Queen Elizabeth it belong'd to Ambrose Earl of Warwick together with large revenues in this Vale. Having ascended eastward out of this Valley we come to Iâl a small mountainous tract of a very high situation if compared with the neighbouring country For no river runs into it from any other country tho' it pours out several Upon account of this high situation 't is a very rough and bleak country and much subject to winds I know not whether it might receive it's name from the small river Alen which springing up in this country by undermining the earth hides it self in one or two places These mountains are well stored with oxen sheep and goats and the valleys in some places are pretty fertil in corn especially on the east part on this side Alen but the western is somewhat barren and in some places mere heath and desart It hath nothing in it memorable except the ruins of a small monastery 7 Now wholly decay'd seated very pleasantly in a valley which amongst woody hills is extended in the form of a cross whence it had the name of Vale-Crucis â—e-â—â—is whereas in British 't is call'd Lhan Gwest Eastward of Iâl the territory of Maelor Gymraeg or Welsh Maelor call'd in English Bromfield is
and sent for Aidan a Scotchman to instruct his people in the Christian Religion The place where the Victory was obtain'd was afterwards call'd Heafenfeld â—â—fâ—nfeld â— Haleâ— or Heaven field which now in the same sense as some will have it is nam'd Haledon Whereon Oswalds Life gives us the following piece of Meter Tunc primùm scivit causam cur nomen haberet Heafenfeld hoc est coelestis Campus illi Nomen ab Antiquo dedit appellatio gentis Praeteritae tanquam belli praesaga futuri Nominis Caussam mox assignavit ibidem Coelitùs expugnans coelestis turba scelestam Neve senectutis ignavia posset honorem Tam celebris delere loci tantique Triumphi Ecclesiae Fratres Haugustaldensis adesse Devoti Christúmque solent celebrare quotannis Quóque loci persestat honos in honore beati Oswaldi Regis ibi construxere Capellam And now he understood whence Heavenfeld came Call'd in old time by that prophetick name For now the reason of the name was given When Hell 's vile Troops were overcome by Heaven But least devouring Ages should deface The glorious triumph of the sacred place The Monks of old Hagustald every year Do meet and joyn in their devotions here And that great Oswald's fame should never dye They 've rais'd a Chapel to his memory And another for his Commendation well enough for the barbarous Age he liv'd in writes thus Quis fuit Alcides Quis Caesar Julius Aut quis Magnus Alexander Alcides se superâsse Fertur Alexander Mundum sed Julius hostem Se simul Oswaldus Mundum vicit hostem m Caesar and Hercules applaud thy fame And Alexander owns thy greater name Tho' one himself one foes and one the world o're-came Great conquests all but bounteous Heav'n in thee To make a greater joyn'd the former three Below S. Oswald's both Tines meet after South-Tine which goes along with the Wall at about two miles distance from it has pass'd by Langley-Castle where formerly 〈◊〉 Neâ— in the Reign of King John Adam de Tindale had his Barony which afterwards descended upon Nicholas de Bolteby and was lately in the possession of the Percies and has slidden under a tottering and crazy wooden Bridge at Aidon And now the whole Tine being well grown and still encreasing presses foward in one Chanel for the Ocean running by Hexam Hexam which Bede calls Haugustald and the Saxons Hextoldesham That this was the Axelodunum Axelâ—dunum of the Romans where the first Cohort of the Spaniards were in garison the name implies and so does its situation on the rising of a hill for the Britains call'd such a Mount Dunum Dunum But take an account of this place from Richard its Prior who liv'd above five hundred years ago n Not far from the Southern bank of the river Tine stands a Town of a small extent indeed at present and but thinly inhabited but as the remaining marks of its ancient state will testifie heretofore very large and magnificent This place is call'd Hextoldesham from the little rivulet of Hextold which runs by and sometimes suddenly overflows it In the year 675. Etheldreda wife to King Egfrid assign'd it for an Episcopal See to S. Wilfrid who built here a Church which for a curious and most beautiful Fabrick surpass'd all the Monasteries in England See also what Malmesbury has written of it This was Crown-Land till Bishop Wilfrid chang'd others for it with Queen Etheldreda 'T was wonderful to see what towering Buildings were there erected how admirably contriv'd with winding stairs by Masons brought in prospect of his great Liberality from Rome Insomuch that they seem'd to vye with the Roman pomp and long out-struggled even time it self At which time King Egfrid made this little City a Bishop's Seat But that Honour after the i There were twelve several Bishops of Hexham besides S. Cuthbert who might brobably be reckon'd for a thirteenth For he is said to have been both elected and consâ—crated to â—hat See though he did not think fit to take the charge upon him eighth Bishop was wholly lost the Danish wars prevailing Afterwards it was only reckon'd a Manour of the Archbishop's of York till they parted with their right in an exchange made with Henry the eighth 'T is also famous for the bloody Battel wherein John Nevil Lord Montacute very bravely engag'd and as fortunately vanquish'd the Generals of the House of Lancaster and for so doing was created Earl of Northumberland by Edward the fourth At present its only glory is the old Monastery part whereof is turn'd into the fair house of k It was since part of the estate of Sir John Fenwick who sold it to Sir William Blacket of Newcastle Baronet Sir J. Foster Knight The West-end of the Church is demolish'd The rest stands still entire and is a very stately Structure in the Quire whereof may be seen an old Tomb of a Person of Honour of the Martial Family of the Umfranvils Men buried cross legg'd as his Coat of Arms witnesses lying with his Legs across By the way in that posture it was then the custom to bury such only as had taken the Cross upon them being under that Banner engag'd in the Holy War for the recovery of the Holy-Land out of the Hands of the Mahometans Near the East-end of the Church on a rising brow stand two strong Bulwarks of hew'n-stone which I was told belong to the Archbishop of York From hence Eastward we pass'd on to Dilston Dilston the Seat of the Ratcliffs call'd in old Books Devilston from a small brook which here empties it self into Tine and which Bede names Devil's burn where as he writes Oswald arm'd with Christian Faith in a fair field slew Cedwall the Britain Bede l 3. c. 1 that wretched Tyrant who before had slain two Kings of Northumberland and miserably wasted their Country o On the other bank of Tine stands Curia Ottadinorum mention'd by Ptolemy Ninius calls it Curia which by the distances should seem to be Antonine's l Read Corstopilum For so says H. Surita's Edition both in the Text and Comment Corstopitum 't is now call'd Corbridge Corbridge from the Bridge here built by Hoveden Corobrige and by Henry of Huntingdon Cure At this day it has nothing remarkable but a Church and a little Tower-house built and inhabited by the Vicars of the place Yet there are many ruins of ancient buildings Treasure sought in vain Hoveden Tacitus amongst which King John search'd for some old hidden Treasure but Fortune favour'd him no more in this vain quest than she did Nero in his Enquiries after the conceal'd riches of Dido at Carthage For he found nothing but stones mark'd with Brass Iron Lead p Whoever views the neighbouring heap of rubbish which is now call'd Colecester Colecester will readily conclude it to have been a Roman Fort. Upon the same bank we saw the fair Castle of Biwell
dedicated his Books of the Ecclesiastical History of England and who afterwards Rog. Hoveden renouncing the World took upon him the habit of a Monk in the Church of Lindisfern and listed himself a Souldier of the Kingdom of Heaven his body being afterwards translated to the Church of Northam When also the Danes had miserably wasted the Holy Issand wherein S. Cuthbert so much magnified by Bede was Bishop and lay buried some endeavour'd by a religious stealth to convey his body beyond Sea but the winds standing contrary they with all due reverence deposited the sacred Body at * The printed Books have corruptly Bulbeford Will. Malmesb de Gest Pont. lib. 1. Ubbanford whether a Bishop's See or no is uncertain near the river Twede where it lay for many years till the coming of King Ethelred This and other matters were taught me for I shall always own my Instructors by George Carlton born at this place being son to the Keeper of Norham-Castle whom for his excellent Proficiency in Divinity whereof he is Professor and other polite Learning I love and am lov'd by him and I were unworthy of that love if I should not acknowledge his Friendship The old people told us that at Killey Killay a little neighbouring Village below Norham were found within the memory of our Grandfathers the studds of a Knight's Belt A golden Hilt and the hilt of a Sword of massie Gold which were presented to T. Ruthall Bishop of Durham A little lower you have the mouth of Twede on the farther bank whereof stands Berwick Berwick the last Town in England and best fortify'd in all Britain hh Some derive the name of this Town from one Berengarius a Romantick Duke Leland fetches it from Aber the British word for the mouth of a river and so makes Aberwick to signifie a Fort built upon such a mouth But they will best understand the true etymology of it who know what is meant by the word Berwicus in the Charters of our Kings Ingulphus renders Berwicus a Mannour wherein nothing's more common than I give the Townships of C. and D. cum suis Berwicis ii For my part what it should mean I know not unless it be a Hamlet or some such dependency upon a place of better note For in the Grants of Edward the Confessor Totthill is call'd the Berwicus of Westminster Wandlesworth the Berwicus of Patricksey and a thousand of the like But why all this pains 'T is lost labour if as some maintain the Saxons call'd it anciently Beornica-ƿic that is the Town of the Bernicians for that this part of the Country was call'd Bernicia we have already noted and the thing is too well known to be here repeated But whence ever it had its name its situation carries it a good way into the sea so that that and the Twede almost incircle it Being seated betwixt two mighty Kingdoms as Pliny observes of Palmyra in Syria it has always been the first place that both Nations in their wars have had an eye on insomuch that ever since Edward the first wrung it out of the Scotch hands the English have as often retaken it as the Scots have ventur'd to seize it But if the Reader pleases we will here give him a summary abstract of its History The oldest account I find of Berwick is that William King of Scots being taken prisoner by the English pawn'd it for his ransom to our Henry the second redeemable only within such a time kk Whereupon says the Polychronicon of Durham Henry immediately fortify'd it with a Castle But Richard the first restor'd it to the Scots upon their payment of the money Afterwards King John as the History of Melross reports took the Town and Castle of Berwick at the same time that he burnt Werk Roxburgh Mitford and Morpath and with his Rutars wasted all Northumberland because the Barons of that county had done homage to Alexander King of Scots at Feltun A great many years after this when John Baliol King of Scotland had broken his Oath Edward the first reduc'd Berwick in the year of our Lord 1297. But soon after the fortune of war favouring the Scots our men quitted it and they seiz'd it but the English forthwith had it surrender'd to them again Afterwards in the loose reign of Edward the second Peter Spalding surrender'd it to Robert Brus King of Scots who warmly besieg'd it and the English vainly attempted its recovery till our Hector Edward the third bravely carry'd it in the year 1333. In the reign of Richard the second some Scottish Moss-troopers surpriz'd the Castle which within nine days was recover'd by Henry Percie Earl of Northumberland Within seven years after this the Scots regain'd it but by purchace not by their valour Whereupon the said Henry Percie being then Governour of the Town was accus'd of High-treason but he also corrupted the Scots with money and so got it again A long time after this when England was almost spent in civil wars Henry the sixth being already fled into Scotland deliver'd it up to the King of Scots the better to secure himself in that Kingdom Two and twenty years after Thomas Stanley with a great loss of men reduc'd it to the obedience of Edward the fourth Since which time the Kings of England have several times fortify'd it with new works but especially Queen Elizabeth who lately to the terrour of the enemy and security of the Burghers hath drawn it into a less compass than before and surrounded it with a high stone wall of firm Ashler work which is again strengthen'd with a deep ditch bastions and counterscarp so that its fortifications are so strong and regular that no besiegers can hope to carry it hereafter Not to mention the valour of the Garrison and the surprizing plenty of Ammunition and all warlike stores Be it also remember'd that the Governour of this place was alwaies a person of the greatest wisdom and eminence among the English Nobility and was also Warden of these eastern Marches The Mathematicians have plac'd this Town in 21 degrees and 43 minutes of longitude and in 55 and 48 of northern latitude So that the longest day in this climate consists of seventeen hours and 22 minutes and its night has only six hours and 38 minutes Brita has 〈◊〉 of Day So truly has Servius Honoratus written of this Country Britain says he has such plenty of day that she has hardly any room for night Nor is it a wonder that the Souldiers of this Garrison are able to play all night at dice without a candle if we consider their thorow twilight and the truth of Juvenal's expression Minimâ contentos nocte Britannos Britains with shortest nights content Take at parting J. Jonston's Verses upon Berwick Scotorum extremo sub limite Meta furoris Saxonidum gentis par utriusque labor Mille vices rerum quae mille est passa ruinas Mirum quî potuit tot superesse
towards the Ocean there were anciently seated the Taizali Some derive this later name from Boves Oxen whereas the ground is fitter to feed sheep whose wooll is highly commended Notwithstanding the Rivers in this Coast every where breed abundance of Salmon yet they never enter into the River Ratra Thâ— Râ—ver Raâ—ra as Buchanan hath told us Neither let it prove to my disadvantage if I cite his Testimony although his books were prohibited by authority of Parliament in the year 1584. because many passages in them were fit to be dash'd out He there reports also That on the bank of Ratra there is a Cave near Stany 's Castle whose nature seems worth our taking notice of A strange â—â—â—er The water distilling by drops out of a natural vault is presently turned into pyramidal stones and if people did not take the pains to clear the cave now and then the whole space in a little time would be fill'd up to the top of the vault Now the stone thus made is of a middle nature betwixt Ice and hard stone for it is friable and never arrives to the solidity of Marble It is hardly worth my while to mention the Clayks Câ—ayks a 〈◊〉 of Gâ—ese a sort of Geese believed by some with great admiration to grow upon trees here in this coast and in other places and when they are ripe to fall down into the sea because neither their nests nor eggs cou'd ever any where be found But those that have seen the ship in which Sir Francis Drake sailed round the world laid up in the river Thames can testifie that little birds breed in the old rotten keels of ships since a great number of such without life and feathers stuck close to the outside of the keel of this ship Yet I should think that the generation of these birds was not from the logs of wood but from the sea term'd by the Poets the Parent of all things a Hector Boetius first spread this errour but that it is such â—ppend 〈◊〉 Librum â— Part 3. â—â—atiae Ilâ—â—â—atae Dr. Sibbalds has largely proved in his Scotia Illustrata only he is now convinced that thâ—y are not informis mâ—ssa carnosa as he there câ—lls them And a Discourse concerning the late worthy Sir Andrew Balfour to be prefixt to the Catalogue of his Books will in a short time give further light into it A mighty mass likewise of Amber Amber as big as the body of a Horse was not many years since thrown up upon this shore This the learned call Succinum Glessum and Chryso-electrum and Sotacus was of opinion that it was a juice which amongst the Britains distill'd from trees ran into the sea and was there hardned Tacitus had the same sentiments of it in this passage of his I should believe De moribus Germanorum that as there are trees in the secret parts of the east which sweat out frankincense and balm so in the Islands and other countreys of the west there are woods of a more fatty substance which melting by the hot beams of the near-approaching sun run into the sea hard by and being driven by tempestuous weather float to the opposite shores But Serapio and the modern Philosophers will have it to work out of a bituminous sort of earth under the sea and by the sea-side that the waves in stormy weather cast part of it upon the shore and that part of it is devoured by the fish But I have digressed too far and will return into my way hoping my ingenuous confession will purchase me a pardon In the reign of Alexander the 2d Alexander Comin had conferr'd upon him the honour of Earl of Buquhan Earls of Baquhan who married a daughter and one of the heirs of Roger de Quircy Earl of Winchester in England and his grand child by a son brought the same title to Henry Beaumorâ— her husband For he in the reign of Edw. the 3d sat in the Parliament of England under the name of Earl of Buquhan Afterwards Alexander Stewart son to King Robert the 4th was Earl of this place succeeded by John a younger son of Robert Duke of Albany who being sent for into France with 7000 Auxiliary Scots by the French King Charles the 7th did extraordinary good service against the English and had so great a reputation there that after he had killed Thomas Duke of Clarence K. Henry the 5th's brother at Baugy and got as great a victory over the English as ever was obtained he was made Constable of France But 3 years after when the fortune of the war turned he with other valiant Commanders The valour of the Scots in the Wars of France Archibald Douglas Earl of Wigton and Duke of Tours c. was routed at Vernoil by the English and there slain Whom yet as the Poet said Aeternum memorabit Gallia cives Grata suos titulos quae dedit tumulos Those grateful France shall ever call her own Who owe to her their graves and their renown The French cannot but confess that they owe the preservation of France and recovery of Aquitain by thrusting out the English in the reigns of Charles the 6th and 7th in a great measure to the fidelity and valour of the Scots But afterwards K. James the first out of pity to Geo. of Dunbar whom by authority of Parliament he had before divested of the Earldom of March for his father's crimes gave him the Earldom of Buquhan And not long after James son of James Stewart of Lorn sirnamed the Black Knight 14 Whom he had by Queen Joan sister to the Duke of Somerset and widow to King James I. c. whom he had by Joan of Somerset obtained this honour and left it to his posterity but not long since for default of heirs male it went by a daughter to Douglas a younger brother of the House of Lochlevin Beyond Buchan in the bending back of the shore northwards lies Boen Boen and a Now a Barony in the family of Ogilby Bamff a small Sheriffdom * See the Additions and Ainza a little tract of less consideration as also Rothamy Castle the seat of the Barons of Salton Barons Salton sirnamed b Now Frazer Abernethy Beneath these lies Strath-bolgy Strath-bolgy that is the Valley upon the Bolgy formerly the seat of the Earls of Athol sirnamed from thence but now the chief residence of the Marquess of Huntley c Now from the Marquisate of Huntley rais'd to the Dukedom of Gordon Marquess of Huntley For this title K. James the 6th conferred upon Geo. Gordon Earl of Huntley Lord Gordon and Badzenoth eminent for his ancient nobility and his many followers and dependants Whose ancestors are descended from the Setons and by authority of Parliament took upon them the name of Gordon upon Alexander Seton's marrying the daughter of Sir John Gordon with whom he had a very noble estate and received
Iveragh and Dunkerran In this Castle dwelt Donald Mac Carty More a petty King of Irish descent who in the year 1566. resigned his estate to Queen Elizabeth and had it restored to hold of her after the English manner by fealty and homage At the same time he was created Baron of Valentia â—â—ron of 〈◊〉 â—â—â—l of â—â—â—ncar an Island adjoyning and Earl of Clan-car being a man eminent and of great power in these parts and formerly a bitter enemy of the Fitz-Giralds who dispossest his Ancestors Kings as he pretended of Desmond their antient seat and inheritance He enjoyed not this honour very long having but one daughter legitimate whom he married to Florence Mac Carty and lived to be very old â—â—ve The second Promontory lying in the middle between two Bays the Maire and the Bantre is called the b A ridge of hills running through this Promontory makes the bounds betwâ—en the Counties of Coâ—k and Kerry That part on the North side is the Barony of Glanerough in the County of Kerry that on the Sâ—uth is the half Barony of Bear in â—he County of Cork to which the half Barony of Bantry joyns Beare the soil of which is a hungry gravel mixt with stones where lives O Swillivant O Swilliâ—ant Beare and O Swilivant Bantre both of the same family and men very eminent in these parts The third named c This third Promontoâ—y is at this day part of the Barâ—ny of West-Caâ—bâ—y in the County of Cork Eraugh lyes between Bantre and Balatimore or Baltimore a Bay famous for the many herrings took in it and yearly visited by a Fleet of Spaniards and Portuguese in the very middle of winter â—â—ahâ—ns to fish for Codd In this the O Mahons had great possessions bestowed upon them by M. Carew This is that Promontory which Ptolemy calls Notium The Promontory Notium or the South-Promontory at this day Missen-head under which as we may see in him the river Iernus falls into the sea As for the name it now has Jernus a river I dare hardly in so much darkness pretend to guess at it unless it be that which is now called Maire and runs under Drunkeran aforesaid I am as much at a loss likewise for those people whom Ptolemy places upon these Promontories seeing their name differs in several Copies Iberni Outerni Iberi Iverni unless perhaps they are a Colony of the Iberi in Spain as well as their neighbours the Luceni and Concani were Desmonia was formerly of great extent in these parts even from the sea to the river Shanon and was called South-Mounster The Fitz-Giralds of the family of Kildare having conquer'd the Irish became Lords of very great possessions here Of these Maurice Fitz-Thomas to whom Thomas Carew heir to the Seigniory of Desmond made over his title was in the third of Edward 3. created Earl of Desmond Earl of Dâ—smond Of the posterity of this Earl many have been rich and valiant and men of great reputation But this glory was and still continues sullied in James who excluding his nephew has forcibly seiz'd the inheritance and impos'd upon the people those grievous tributes of Coyne Livery Cocherings Bonaughty c. for the maintenance of his Triarii and ravenous Soldiers His son Thomas as he exacted the same of the poor people was apprehended by an Order from John Tiptoft Lord Deputy and beheaded in the year 1467. for his own and his father's wickedness However his children were restored and this honour was hereditarily enjoyed by his posterity till Girald's time the rebel before mentioned who being banished by Act of Parliament Desmond was annext to the crown reduced into a county and a Sheriff ordain'd to govern it from year to year 5 Nâ—vâ—rthâ—lâ—ss in thâ— last rebellion the â—â—bels erected a titâ—laâ—â— Earl and against him Queen Elizabeth granted the Title of Earl of Desmond uâ—to J mâ—s Fâ—â—z-Giraâ—d sâ—n to the foresaid â—ebel who shortly after dyed â—ssucless in thâ— year 1601. The most noted and considerable Houses here for interest and riches are those descended from the Fitz-Giralds known by several and distinct names which upon various accounts have been assum'd by them VODIAE or CORIONDI MOre inward beyond the Iberi dwelt the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who are termed also the Vodiae The Vodiae and Udiae some resemblance of which name remains very express and clear in the Territories of Idou and Idouth and of the Coriondi The Coriondi in the County of Cork which borders upon them These people inhabited the Counties of Cork Tipperary Limerick and Waterford Comitatus Corcagiensis commonly The County of Cork THE County of Cork which was formerly a Kingdom and contain'd all that part of the country upon the shore between Lismore and St. d Brandon-hills in Kerry Brend * P rhaps Missâ—n head Muskeray where Westward it faces Desmond has in the midland of it Muskeray a wild and woody country where Cormac Mac Teg is very famous and towards the sea Carbray Carbray where the Mac-Carties are the most considerable The first place we come at upon the Coast is e A Bishop's See united to Cork Ross a road for ships and formerly frequented but now by reason of a ledge of sand across it seldom used From hence there shoots out a narrow neck of land into a peninsula called the old head of Kinsale near which the Curcies heretofore flourished in great wealth descended from a brother of John Curcy an English man that subdued Ulster Of which family here still remains Curcy Baron of f Baron of Kinsale Ringrom Curcy Baron of Ringrom but such is the uncertainty of human affairs poor and of mean fortune After it in a fertile spot upon the mouth of the river g Bandon Bany and withall well enough wooded stands Kinsale Kinsale a commodious port fortified with old walls under which in the year 1601. the Kingdom of Ireland was at stake and put to a fair trial whether it should belong to Spain or England For at that instant the Island was embroiled both with foreign and civil wars and Don John D' Aquila with an Army of 8000 Veteranes had surpriz'd this place and fortified it relying upon the censures and excommunications which Pius 5. Gregory 13. and Clement 8. had thunder'd out against Queen Elizabeth and upon the assistance of those Rebels The Spaniards driven out of Ireland who had sent for them under pretence of establishing their Religion the mask and disguise for all the Villanies of this degenerate age which makes such a scuffle about it In opposition to these 6 Sir Charles Charles Blunt Baron Montjoy Lord Deputy though his Army was harrassed and it was now the winter season besieged the Town by land and sea and at the same time also took the field against those Rebels headed by the Earl of Tir-Oen O Donell Mac Gwyre and Mac Mahound whom
meaning his own body The O-Neals afterwards wrested it out of their hands but they being attainted of treason Sir Thomas Smith Knight and one of Queen Elizabeth's Privy-Council by her permission planted a Colony there an excellent design but very unsuccessful For after great expence his own natural son whom he had set over it was taken by an Ambuscade of the Irish and then thrown to be tore in pieces by the dogs a piece of cruelty for which they afterwards severely suffered being themselves put to death and given to the wolves Above Ardes westward lyes the more southern Clanboy Clanboy the Upper i.e. a Yellow Sept or the family of Hugh the Yellow as they interpret it a woody Country which extends to the bay of Knock-Fergus inhabited by the O-Neals and counted the very utmost part of this County of Down The County of ANTRIM THE next County to Louth northwards is the County of Antrim so called from Antrim a small town only remarkable for giving name to the whole shire which is bounded by the bay of Knock-Fergus Knock Fergus the Lough Eaugh and the river Ban. This bay of Knock-Fergus called Vinderius in Ptolemy took it's name from a town situate upon it which the English term Knock-Fergus the Irish Carig-Fergus that is the rock of Fergus from that famous Fergus drowned there who first brought the Scots out of Ireland into Britain This town is more frequented and famous than any other upon this coast by reason of a commodious haven fortifications though not yet finished a castle standing upon a high rock and has a garison to keep the country in subjection with an ancient palace now converted into a magazine Near this lies Clane-boy the lower Clanboy the Lowâ—â— the habitation likewise of the O-Neals memorable for the death of that lewd rebel Shan or John O-Neal who after many outrages was defeated in one or two skirmishes by 49 Sir Henry Henry Sidney Lord Deputy and reduced to such streights that he was resolved to go and address himself to the Lord Deputy with a halter about his neck for pardon but his Secretary dissuaded him and induced him rather to seek assistance from the Island Scots who under the conduct of Alexander Oge were now encamped here and ravaged the country Accordingly he went to them and was kindly received but put to death soon after with his whole party for the slaughter he had formerly made among their relations The war being thus ended by his death and he attainted with his whole party Queen Elizabeth bestowed this Clane-boy upon Walter D'Evereux Earl of Essex who came hither sent perhaps by means of some Courtiers under pretence of honour for he was made Governor of Ulster and Marshal of Ireland into a Country ever rebellious and ungovernable Where endeavouring with great expence to compose affairs and reduce them to a state of peace and quietness he was at last after many and great difficulties snatch'd away by an untimely death to the loss and trouble of all good men and to the benefit of the O-Neals and Brian Carragh of the family of the Mac-Conells who thereupon got this territory and since that time have been at war with one another for the Lordship of it Near this Knock-Fergus lies a Peninsula joined by a small neck of land to the continent which is call'd the Isle of Magie 〈◊〉 oâ— Maâ—â—â— being four miles in length and one in breadth Here some suppose that the Monastery of Magio so much commended by Bede did stand which I have already mentioned in the County of Maio. Then the Glinnes â—â—â—nnes that is the valleys begin at Older-sleet a bad road for ships and run along a great way by the sea This territory belong'd formerly to the Bissets â—â—â—ts Noblemen of Scotland who for making away Patrick Earl of Athol were banished hither and by the favour of Henry the third King of England were settled in an estate here For John Bisset who died in the beginning of Edw. the first had a great estate in lands here and in Edw. the 2d's reign Hugh Bisset forfeited part of it by rebellion In the last age this was invaded by the 〈◊〉 â—â—â—ni â—â—torâ—s 〈…〉 Coâ— Irish Scots from the Cantire and the Hebrides under the conduct of James Mac Conell Lord of Cantire in Scotland who claimed it as descended from the Bissets Shan O-Neal having cut off their Captain soon repelled them Yet they returned and made cruel ravages in these parts fomenting rebellions in the Kingdom till but very lately 50 Sir John John Perrot Lord Deputy first reduced Donall Goran who was slain together with his brother Alexander in Conaught by 51 Sir Richard Richard Bingham and afterwards Agnus Mac Conell the sons of James Mac Conell to that pinch that they submitted themselves to the Queen of England and upon their humble petition received this Country to hold of her by Knight's service on condition to bear arms for none but the Kings of England and to pay a certain number of Cows and Hawks yearly c. Above this as far as the river Bann the Country is called Rowte The Rowte the seat of the Mac Guillies Mac Guâ—lly a family of no small note among the Irish but pent up in this narrow corner by the outrage and continual depredations of the Island-Scots For Surley-Boy Surley boy also Chairly boy that is Charles the yellow brother to James Mac Conell who possessed the Glinnes did in a manner make himself master of this tract till 52 Sir John John Perrot the aforesaid Lord Deputy having took the castle of Donluse Doniuse strongly situated upon a rock hanging out into the sea and severed from the land by a deep ditch drove out him and his party However he recovered it the year following by treachery after he had slain Carie the governor who made a stout defence Upon this the Lord Deputy sent out Meriman an experienced Captain against him who cut off the two sons of James Mac Conell with Alexander the son of this Surley Boy and pressed him so closely driving away his cattle the only riches he had for he was able to make up 50000 Cows of his own stock that he surrender'd Donluse came to Dublin and made an open submission in the Cathedral exhibiting a petition for mercy Being after this admitted into the Governors lodgings as soon as he saw the picture of Queen Elizabeth he threw away his sword once or twice and fell down before it devoting himself entirely to Her Majesty Being received into favour and protection among the other subjects of Ireland hereupon he abjured both in the Chancery Kings-Bench all allegiance to any foreign Prince whatsoever and by the bounty of Queen Elizabeth had four territories or Toughs as they call them from the river Boys to the Ban bestowed upon him namely Donseverig Loghill and Ballamonyn together with the government of Donluse
at the representation of their own actions The O-NEALS and their Rebellions in our Age. TO say nothing of O. Neal the great who before the arrival of St. Patrick tyranniz'd in Ulster and a great part of Ireland nor of those after his time who were but obscure this family has been of no eminent note since the English set foot in that Kingdom save only during the time that Edward Brus 1 Brother to Robert King of Scotland the Scot bore the title of King of Ireland In those troublesome times Dovenald O-Neal began to exert himself and in his Letters to the Pope uses this stile Scoto Chronicon l. 12. c. 26. Dovenald O-Neal King of Ulster and all Ireland as right heir by descent yet this new King soon vanished upon the extinction of these troubles and his posterity continued in obscurity till the wars between the houses of York and Lancaster embroiled the Kingdom of England and the English then in Ulster were obliged to return home to support their respective parties and commit the Province to the charge of the O-neals At that time Henry O-Neal the son of Oen or Eugenius O-Neal married the daughter of Thomas Earl of Kildare and his son Con Mâ—re or Con the great married the daughter of Girald Earl of Kildare his mother's Neice Being thus supported with the power and interest of the Earls of Kildare who had administred the affairs of Ireland for many years they began to exalt themselves with great tyranny among the people under no other title than the bare name of O-Neal insolently slighting those of Prince Duke Marquess Earl c. as mean and inferiour to it Con the son of this Con sirnamed Bacco i.e. lame succeeded his father in this dignity of O-Neal who had entailed a curse upon such of his posterity as either learned to speak English sow'd wheat or built houses fearing that these would but tempt the English to invade them 2 Often saying that language bred conversation and consequently their confusion that wheat gave â—â—stenance with like effâ—ct and by building thâ— should do as the crow doth make her nest to be beaten out by the hawk King Hen. 8. having humbled the Family of Kildare began to suspect this of the O-Neals likewise who had been aiding to the former in his rebellions which put him into such fear that he came into England voluntarily renounced the title of O-Neal and surrendred all he had into the King's hands who by his Letters-Patents under the great Seal restored them again adding the title of Earl of Tir-Oen The first Earl of Tir-Oen to have and to hold to him and his son Matthew falsly so called and to the Heirs of their bodies lawfully begotten Matthew at the same time was created Baron of Dunganon who till the fifteenth year of his age went for the son of a certain Black-smith in Dundalk whose wife had been a concubine of this Con's and then presented the lad to him as his begotten son Accordingly he received him as such and rejected his own son John or Shan Shan or John O-Neal as they call him with all the rest of the children he had had by his lawful wife Shan seeing a Bastard preferred before him and exalted to this dignity took fire immediately grew averse to his father and fell into such a violent fit of hatred and revenge against Matthew that he murder'd him and so plagu'd the old man with affronts and injuries by attempting to dispossess him of his estate and honours that he died with the very greif and resentment of them Shan was presently upon this chosen and proclaimed O-Neal 3 By an old shoe cast over his head after which he enter'd upon the inheritance and to secure himself in the enjoyment of it made diligent search after the sons of this Matthew but to no purpose Yet Brian the eldest son was not long after slain by Mac-Donel Totan one of this family of O-Neals upon Shan's instigation as it was reported Hugh and Cormack made their escape by the assistance of some English and are living at this day Shan upon this restoration began out of a barbarous cruel temper to tyrannize among the Gentry of Ulster after an intolerable manner vaunting himself in having the Mac-Gennys Mac-Guir Mac-Mahon O-Realy O-Hanlon O-Cahan Mac-Brien O-Hagan O-Quin Mac-Canna Mac-Cartan and the Mac-Donells the Galloglasses in subjection Being called to an account for these things by 4 Sir Henry H. Sidney who governed in the absence of the Earl of Sussex Lord Deputy he answer'd that as the undoubted and legitimate son and heir of Con born by his lawful wife he had enter'd upon his father's estate that Matthew was the son of a Black-smith of Dundalk born of his wife Alison who had cunningly obtruded him upon his father Con as his son to deprive him of the estate and dignity of the O-Neals and that supposing he had been so tame as to have bore this injury yet ne'er another O-Neal of their family would have endur'd it That as for the Letters Patents of Hen. 8. they were null and void forasmuch as Con had no right in any of those things he surrender'd to the King but for his own life and that he indeed had no disposal of them without the consent of the Nobility and people that elected him neither were Patents of this nature of any force but where the true heir of the family was first certified upon the oath of twelve men which was omitted in this case lastly that he was the right heir both by the Laws of God and man being the eldest son of his father born in lawful wedlock and elected O-Neal by the unanimous consent of the Nobility and people according to the Laws of Tanestry whereby a man at his full years is to be preferr'd before a boy and an unkle before a nephew whose Grandfather surviv'd the Father neither had he assumed any greater authority over the Nobility of Ulster than his Ancestors had ever done as he could sufficiently prove by Records Not long after this he fought O-Rayly and defeated him took Callogh O-Donell put him in prison with all his children ravish'd his wife and had issue by this adultery seiz'd upon all his castles lands and moveables and made himself absolute Monarch of Ulster But hearing that Thomas Earl of Sussex the Lord Deputy was upon his march to chastise this insolence he was so terrified that upon the perswasion of his Kinsman Girald Earl of Kildare who had been restored to his estate by Queen Mary he went into England and threw himself on the mercy of Queen Elizabeth who received him graciously and so having promised his allegiance for the future he returned home where for some time he conformed himself to a civilized course of life both in the modes of diet and apparel thrust the Scots out of Ulster with the loss of James Mac-Conell their Captain kept himfelf and his people
to the enemy they marched on as far as Armagh whereby the Earl was obliged to leave the fort of Blackwater burn all the villages round about the town of Dungannon nay demolish great part of his own house there and reflect upon his own misery and how he could abscond But our Army could proceed no farther for want of Provision and so returned after they had proclaimed the Earl Traitor in his own territories and put a Garison into the Church of Armagh The Earl took care to watch them diligently in their return yet notwithstanding they reinforced the Garison at Monaghan When they had marched near as far as Dundalk the Lord Deputy according to the Queen's orders left the war to the conduct of Norris and after they had took their leave with great compliments on both sides returned to Dublin where he took great care of the Counties of Leinster Conaght and Munster Norris remained in Ulster but whether out of envy to the Lord Deputy or that fortune had now left him as it often does great men or whether out of favour to the Earl to whom he was certainly as kind as the Lord Deputy was averse he atchieved nothing answerable to the greatness of his Character For Norris had under hand accused the Lord Deputy that out of ill will to the Earl he had resolved to make no peace with him for the Deputy would not be perswaded but that the Earl's design was only to gain time till his recruits from Spain might arrive whereas Norris was more easie and credulous and thought it no hard matter to induce the Earl to a peace wh ch opinion the Earl cherished so cunningly in him that he offer'd him his submission under his hand and seal and fell upon his knees before him for his mercy and pardon Yet at the same time he was plying the K. of Spain both by his letters and agents for his assistance so that one or two messengers arrived from Spain to the Rebels who concluded with them that if the King of Spain their master would send them such an Army as could cope with the English by such a set time they would joyn it and that in case he supplied them with ammunition in the mean time they would not treat with the English upon any terms whatsoever This treaty was subscâ—ibed by O-Rorck Mac-William and others but the Earl was so cautious he would not sign it though it is not doubted but he gave his consent However to disguise his designs he sent the Lord Deputy the King of Spain's answer to the Rebels hereupon which was full of great promises of what he would do for them as if he detested it yet relying upon the hopes of those Spanish recruits therein promised he recanted the submission he had made to Norris but a little before and broke loose from the promise he had given him Norris finding himself deluded thus by his credulity fell upon him with an angry and sharp expostulation for putting shams upon him after this manner But the Earl knowing still how to temporize for his advantage enter'd into another Parley with Norris and Fenton his Secretary and having given Hostages concluded another Peace or rather a bargain which soon after he broke with the same levity pretending he could not but think he was deceitfully dealt with because the Lord Deputy and the General varied with one another in their proceedings that the Lord Deputy had treated those he had sent to him about the peace with contempt and scorn that the Lord Deputy was wholly for the war had recruited his horse from England and detained the King of Spain's letters aforesaid and that the Marshal his bitter enemy was now returned with a new commission from England Upon this he began immediately to waste the adjacent country to burn the villages and drive away the cattle he could meet with but being touched with the sense of this wickedness and hearing that a peace was concluding between England and Spain he sent again to desire a parley and that terms of peace might be allowed him 'T is impossible to lay open all the folds and windings of his dissimulation But in short when ever he found himself in danger he acted a sincere submission and penitence so well both in his carriage countenance and address that he deluded them till they lost their opportunity and were obliged to withdraw their forces Again such was the slothfulness of the Commanders in Ireland the frugality of the Council in England and the innate clemency of the Queen who was loath these flames in Ireland for it could not be called a war should be quenched with blood that he was always believed and hopes of a pardon were given him to soften his obstinacy In the year 1597. by which time all Ulster beyond Dundalk except the seven Garison Towns viz. Newry Knoc-Fergus Carlingford Green castle Armagh Dondrom and Olderfleet as also all Conaght in a manner had revolted from the Queen Thomas Lord Burough Baron Burough Lord Deputy a person of compleat courage and conduct was sent Lord Deputy into Ireland The Earl by letters desired a cessation of arms and his Lordship thought it his interest to allow it for one month The month being expired the Lord Deputy drew his forces together and what was both for his advantage and honour at his entry upon this office he marched them in Battalia against the Earl and though the Earl gave him an ill welcome in a narrow passage 28 Within the space of the Moiry yet he made his way through by his valour and took the Fort at Blackwater which had been repaired by the Rebels open'd a passage into the County of Tir-Oen and was the only fence the Rebels had besides their woods and marshes to secure them This one action sufficiently shewed that if the war was well followed it could not continue long The very day that the Fort was taken as the Lord Deputy and his Army were giving God thanks for their success an allarm was given on the sudden that the enemy appeared upon the hills hard by so Henry Earl of Kildare with a troop of horse and some volunteers of the Nobility were detach'd against them who accordingly fell upon the enemy and put them to flight Yet we lost in this skirmish Francis Vaughan brother to the Lord Deputy's Lady R. Turner Serjeant Major an experienced Soldier and two foster brothers of the Earl of Kildare which so much troubled him that he died of grief some few days after for there 's no love so strong in any degree of relation as that between foster brothers in Ireland There were also many more of the English wounded among the rest 29 Sir Thomas Thomas Waller particularly eminent for his great valour As soon as the Lord Deputy had strengthen'd the Fort with new works and drawn off his Army the Rebels who began now to fluctuate between hope fear and shame resolved to lay siege
acclamations of the common people nay with a clap of thunder in a clear sun-shiny day set out from London towards the end of March and after a troublesome voyage arrived in Ireland Having received the sword according to the custom he took his march upon the persuasion of some of the Council who had too much regard to their own private interests against some petty Rebels in Munster without heeding the Earl which was quite contrary to his instructions having taken Cahir a Castle of Edward Butler Baron of Cahir which was encompassed by the river Swire and possessed by the Rebels and made great booty of their cattle he made himself terrible to the whole Country so that the Rebels dispersed themselves into the woods and forests In the mean time he received no small loss by the cowardise of some soldiers under 35 Sir Henry H. Harrington for which he punished them with great severity He returned towards the end of July his army being sadly harassed with toil and sickness and incredibly diminished Finding the Queen very angry at this unfortunate expedition when she had expresly urg'd him to march directly into Ulster against the Earl he writ an excuse to her Majesty laying the fault upon her Counsel in Ireland that advised him whom he could not but comply with in respect to their experience in the state affairs of that Kingdom promising that he would now forthwith march into Ulster He had scarce delivered these letters out of his hands when he was forced to send another dispatch that now he was diverted and obliged to march into Ophaly near Dublin against the O-Conors and the O-Moils who had broke out into rebellion and whom he soon vanquished with good success in some few skirmishes Upon a review of his army after this expedition he found himself so much weakned that he writ the Queen word and got the hands of the Privy-Councellors to his letter that it was necessary to reinforce his army with a thousand soldiers before he went into Ulster Being now resolved to employ his whole power against that Province he ordered 36 Sir Coniers Coigniers Clifford Governor of Conaught to march toward Belik with a body of light horse that the Earls forces might be distracted when he should attack him on the other side Clifford set out accordingly with 1500. men and notwithstanding the toil of a long march and scarcity of powder would not halt till he had passed the Curlew-mountains When most of his men had passed the Rebels set upon them unawares under the conduct of O-Rork Being easily repelled ours still continued their march but the enemy perceiving the want of powder among them renewed the charge and put them quickly to flight being already sore fatigued with their journey killing Clifford himself and Sir Henry Radcliff of Ordsall Knight In the mean while the supply which the Lord Deputy had desired was raised in England and transported But within some few days after he sent the Queen word he could do nothing more this year than march to the frontiers of Ulster with 1300 foot and 300 horse where he arrived about the thirteenth of September The Earl shewed himself from the hills for two days together and at length sent Hagan to the Lord Deputy for a parley His Lordship refused it answering That if the Earl had any thing to say to him he might find him next morning at the head of his army The next morning after some light skirmishes a trooper rid out from the Earl's Army and told them in a loud voice that the Earl did not intend to engage but to parly with the Lord Lieutenant yet not now between the armies in battalia As the Lord Deputy was advancing the next day Hagan came up to him declaring that the Earl desired that the Queen's pardon and a peace might be allowed him and withall that he might have an audience of his Lordship if this favour was granted him he would be ready to receive him at the ford of the river hard by called Balla Clinch This ford is not far from Louth the head town of the County and near the Castle of Gerard Fleming The Lord Deputy sent some before hand to discover the place who found the Earl there according to the appointment he told them that the river was risen but that a man might be still very easily heard from the one side of the ford to the other Whereupon his Lordship having lodged a troop of horse upon the next hill went down to him alone The Earl riding his horse up to the belly in the ford saluted him with great respect and so after about an hour's discourse between themselves they withdrew to their respective armies Con a bastard son of the Earl's was sent to the Lord Deputy to desire another conference before a select number on both sides The Lord Deputy granted this likewise provided the number did not exceed six The Earl taking his brother Cormac Mac Gennys Mac Guir Evar Mac Cowley Henry Ovington and O-Quin returned forthwith to the same ford and the Lord Deputy came down to him accompanied with the Earl of Southampton Sir George Bourgchier Sir Warham S. Leger Sir Henry Danvers Sir Edward Wingfeld and Sir William Constable The Earl saluted them singly with great respect and after some few words it was concluded that Commissioners should be appointed the day following to treat of a peace who agreed upon a cessation from that very day from six weeks to six weeks 8. Sept. 1599. till the first of May yet so that it should be free for both sides to renew the war after fourteen days warning and that if any Confederate of the Earl's did not agree to it the Earl should leave him to be pursued at the discretion of the Lord Deputy In the mean while the letters of the Lord Deputy already mentioned were delivered to the Queen by Henry Cuff a great Scholar but an unfortunate man As soon as she perceived that her Lieutenant had done nothing at all in so long a time with so great an army and so much to her expence nor could for that year she was much offended and writ back to him and her Council there 38 That his proceeding answered neither her direction nor the world's expectation That she could not but wonder what the Lord Deputy meant by prolonging the war at this rate and missing those excellent opportunities he had had of carrying it on against the Earl himself considering that this was his constant advice in England and he had often promised her in his Letters he would take that course she asked him why he had made those impertinent expeditions into Munster and Ophaly even against his own judgment and without giving her notice before hand that so she might have countermanded them If his army was now broken and weak how comes it that he did not force the enemy when it was intire strong and compleat If the spring was not a
fit season for the war in Ulster why was the summer why Autumn thus neglected was there no part of the year fit for it she told him she saw her Kingdom would be impoverished with the charge of it her honour blemished by this ill success among foreign Princes 39 and the Rebels encouraged by this unfortunate success and that whoever gave posterity the account of these times would testifie that she had omitted nothing that could conduce to the preservation of Ireland and that he had done every thing that was likely to lose it unless he would resolve at last to take another course In conclusion she sharply admonished him and the Counsellors of that Kingdom to be more advised in their publick resolutions and from thence forward to err no more in that manner commanding them withall that they should give her a true account of the condition into which they had brought the Kingdom and be very careful to prevent any future mischief 28. Sept. 1599. These letters startled and indeed gall'd the Lord Deputy He took post thereupon and arrived in England 40 Accompanied with some men of quality sooner than he could possibly be expected and early in the morning presented himself to the Queen upon his knees as she was in her private Bedchamber and did not in the least expect him After she had talked a while to him but not with the good countenance she used to do she ordered him to withdraw to his own chamber and not to stir thence For the Queen was angry that he had left his charge so suddenly against her orders and without leave 41 And also had treated with the Rebels to her dishonor privately and upon equal terms with condition of toleration of Religion and to her disservice when as the Rebels made profit of all Cessations and also that he had made a cessation that was violable every fourteen days whereas he had both power and authority to have made an end of the war and pardoned the Rebels What became of him afterwards and how it appeared by some pretty good lights that he aimed at higher matters than the conduct of this war against the Rebels whilst he would not sacrifice his own private resentments to the publick good and relied too much upon his popularity which is ever a fickle and very short support is foreign to this design and as I have no pleasure in the very thoughts of it so I leave it to those that compose the history of that age The Cessation had hardly expired above once or twice when the Earl of Tir-Oen drew his forces together in order to renew the war Sir William Warren was sent by the Council to know why he broke the cessation he had made He answered with pride that he did not for he had given fourteen days warning of his design and that he had good reason to break it for he understood the Lord Deputy upon whom only he could rely for his life and safety was took into custody in England and said he would have nothing to do with any of the Council who had already dealt perfidiously with him and as for the cessation he could not continue it if he would now because he had sent O-Donell into Conaught and others his Confederates into other parts for action In the mean time a rumor was spread among the rebels by the Earl of Tir-Oen not without some grounds that the Kingdom of England would very suddenly be imbroil'd and these profligates increased daily both in number and resolution for those that were originally Irish began to flatter themselves with the hopes of their ancient freedom and nobility and the English that stood true in their inclinations grew dejected when they saw these preparations and expences of the Queen vanish without effect complaining withal of their ill usage of late in being excluded as meer strangers from all the offices of the State On the other side the Earl vaunted every where that he would restore religion and liberty to his Country received all seditious persons into protection sent recruits wherever they were needful confirm'd the wavering and took all the care imaginable to subvert the English Government there being lur'd on in this design by those supplies of stores and money which the King of Spain now and then sent him and by the promises and indulgencies of the Pope who had also sent him the plume of a Phoenix in imitation perhaps of Pope Urban the third who sent a little Coronet platted with Peacocks feathers to John King Henry the second 's son when he was created Lord of Ireland Thus flush'd with victory the Earl went in pilgrimage in the depth of winter to a piece of Christ's Cross which was thought to be preserv'd in the Abbey of Holy Cross in Tipperary for religion as he pretended but really to shew his greatness and to blow up those flames by his own breath and presence which he had before kindled in Munster and from thence sent out some of his Rapparies or Banditi to ravage the possessions of the Queen's subjects under the conduct of Mac-Guir who happened accidentally to fall upon Sir * S. Leodegarius Wartham Sentleger who run him through with his spear and was run through by Mac-Guir at the same time As soon as the Earl had buried him he marched homewards and returned sooner than was expected For he had heard that the Earl of Ormond was appointed General of the Army and drawing his forces together from all parts and that 42 Sir Charles Charles Blunt Baron Montjoy Charles Blunt Lord Deputy 1600. the new Lord Deputy was coming The Queen indeed had designed to put him into this office before but Robert Earl of Essex covertly affecting it to the end he might be capable of establishing an interest in the militâ—ry men whom he was always studious to oblige had oppos'd it alledging the Lord Montjoy had no more experience in war than what he had pick'd up in the Low-Countreys that he had few dependants no estate answerable and that he was too bookish In February the Lord Montjoy arrived in Ireland without much noise or retinue and so entered upon the Government He found the state of affairs very ill nay almost desperate and beyond recovery every honest man of his own side dejected and in despair his enemies flush'd with continual success and the Earl himself riding from the farthest part of Ulster into the Province of Munster which was the length of the whole Island in a kind of triumph Nay to daunt his Lordship the rebels gave him an alarm in the very Suburbs of Dublin for a welcome This gall'd him yet he resolved to wreak his fury upon the Earl himself who he heard was now to return from Munster so with such forces as he could most readily get together for the best troops were in Munster already under the command of the Earl of Ormond he set forward to stop the Earl
at Fereal and give him battle But the Earl prevented him by his speedy march having some information of the design for it is certain that some even of the Queen's Council were well-wishers to the Earl and his proceedings As soon as the Lord Deputy got back to Dublin he employ'd himself wholly in reviewing his troops and choosing out a detachment of old soldiers to be transported to Logh-Foil and Bala-Shannon near the mouth of the Lough Erne that by his garisons there he might annoy the enemy both in the flank and in the rear and also to reinforce his garisons in Lease and Ophaly a matter of no small danger and difficulty by reason of the enemy on all sides In the beginning of May the Lord Deputy took his march towards Ulster to divert the enemy on that side while 43 Sir Henry Henry Docwra might have opportunity to plant a garison at Logh-Foil and 44 Sir Matthew Morgan another at Bala-Shannon The Earl was so well diverted by the Lord Deputy who was daily engaging him in some little skirmish or other with good success that 45 Sir Henry Docwra and the other easily compassed their design and the Earl himself grew sensible of a change of fortune and that he would be beat back to his own corners The Lord Deputy having planted these garisons returned about the middle of June and sent into England for a supply of troops and provision that he might plant another garison at Armach on this side to straiten the Rebels In the mean time he made an expedition into Lease which was the refuge of all the rebels in Leinster and therein cut off Ony-Mac-Rory-Og chief of the family of O-More a most bloody desperate young fellow who had lately raised the commotions in Munster with many other such profligates and then having wasted their Country drove them into their woods and boggs in such consternation that they never made head again in those parts The supplies from England being now arrived though his Lordship laboured under the want both of money and provision and though the Equinox was past and winter begun already in this climate yet he set out again towards the passage of the Moyery three miles beyond Dundalk This passage is by nature the most difficult in Ireland but besides the Rebels had with great art and industry block'd it up with pallisadoes stakes hurdles stones and clots of earth as it lyes along between the hills woods and boggs on both sides and had also lin'd it with soldiers to secure it Moreover the weather was bad and the great fall of rain that had happened for some days together made the rivers impassable As soon as the waters fell the English opened their way through this passage with great courage and notwithstanding all these difficulties to incumber them beat back the enemy and marched forwards towards Armach which was quite devoured by the Rebels so that the Lord Deputy planted his garison eight miles from the town and in memory of 46 Sir John John Norris under whom his Lordship had first learned the rudiments of war called it Mount Norris committing it to the charge of E. Blany a man of great diligence and valor who gall'd the enemy sore on this side as 47 Sir Henry Henry Docwra did on the other and kept them in great awe Not to mention the particular skirmishes that daily happened in his return in the straits near Carlingford which the Rebels had blocked up he gave them a memorable defeat Some few days after though it was now mid winter the Lord Deputy to make the most of his time went into the 48 A secure Receptacle of Rebels Glynnes or the vallies of Leinster that had continued hitherto untouched having wasted the Country he forced Donel Spamoh Phelim Mac Feogh and the seditious race of the O-Tools to give hostages and submit After this he went on as far as Fereal and drove Tirell the best commander among the Rebels out of his strong hold or Fastnesses as they call them being boggy places beset with thick bushes into Ulster whither he pursued them with his victorious army by an indirect march In the first place he laid wast the territory of Ferney with the slaughter of the two sons of Evar Mac Cowly and did the like to Fues by a detachment under the command of 49 Sir Richard Richard Morison At the same time he sent 50 Sir Oliver Oliver Lambard to plant a garison in Breany and then turned towards Drogheda where he received such of the principal Rebels into his protection as submitted themselves namely Turlogh Mac Henry a Seignior in Fues Ever Mac Cowly O-Hanlon who has the honour to be Standard-bearer to the Kings of Ulster by inheritance and many of the Mac Mahons and O-Realies who gave up their dearest friends as hostages As soon as the spring came on the Lord Deputy before his forces were got together marched again to the Moyery cut down the woods that the way might be passable and erected a fort In this expedition he drove the Mac Genisses out of Lecal which they had usurped and reduc'd all the castles of the enemy as far as Armagh in which he also planted a garison Nay he advanced so far that the Earl who was well encamped upon Black water was obliged to remove and the Deputy design'd to erect a sort somewhat lower but received many letters of advice that the Spaniards were certainly landed in Munster as he had heard by flying reports before Upon this he was forced to desist for he was not now to defend Ireland from a civil war but from a foreign invasion However to secure what he had already gain'd he reinforced his garisons and set forward at the head of one or two 〈◊〉 troops of horse in great hast for Munster commanding his foot to follow him For while the Lord Deputy was imploy'd in Ulster the Earl and those of his party in Munster had by their agents viz. a certain Spaniard made Archbishop of Dublin by the Pope the Bishop of Clonfort the Bishop of Killalo and one Archer a Jesuit induced the King of Spain by their earnest prayers and intreaty to send a reinforcement to the Rebels in Munster under the conduct of John de D'Aquila with hopes that the whole Province would presently revolt and the titular Earl of Desmond as also Florens Mac-Carty would joyn them But the President 51 Sir George George Carew had took care to intercept and transport them into England D'Aquila landed at Kingsale in Munster with two thousand veterane Spaniards and some Irish fugitives on the last of October and forthwith published his Manifesto wherein he stiled himself Master General and Captain of His Catholick Majesty in the war of God for preserving the faith in Ireland perswading them that Queen Elizabeth was deprived of her Kingdom by the sentence of several Popes and all her subjects absolv'd from their allegiance
heaps of dead bodies he Knighted the Earl of Clan-Ricard for his valour and brave service in this battle and so returned with acclamations and victory into his camp which he found safe as he had left it For the Spaniards seeing all strongly guarded and having experienced that fallies were always to their own loss kept close within the town with great anxiety of expectation for the issue of the main battle This was a noble victory and of great consequence Ireland then wavering and ready to revolt was hereby retained the Spaniards ejected and the head Rebel Tir-Oen reduced to his holes in Ulster O-Donel driven into Spain the rest of the rebels dispersed the authority of the Queen recovered the dejected Loyalists confirmed and an universal peace established throughout the whole Island soon after Next day the Lord Deputy ordered Bodley the Camp Master General who both in the fortifications and in the battle had behaved himself valiantly to finish the mount and raise banks and rampires nearer the enemy after six days spent in that work D'Aquila sent a Drummer with letters to the Lord Deputy that some person of worth and credit might be sent into the town to treat with him Sir William Godolphin was sent accordingly D'Aquila told him that though the Lord Deputy was his enemy yet he would own him to be a person of honour and desert that the Irish were cowardly rude and barbarous nay false and perfidious too he was afraid That he was sent thither by the King of Spain his Master to aid two Earls but now he question'd whether there was such in rerum natura for this storm had blown one of them into Spain and the other into the north and so both had vanish'd That he was willing for this reason to conclude a peace with him that might be for the interest of England on one side and not to the loss and prejudice of Spain on the other but yet he wanted nothing that could contribute to his defence and daily expected more supplies from Spain to give the English more trouble In short being fatigued and weary of the siege on both sides they came to this conclusion on the 2d of Jan. That the Spaniards should yield up Kingsale the sorts and castles of Baltimore Berehaven and Castle-Haven to the Lord Deputy and so depart with life goods and flying colours That the English should find shipping but should be paid for it to transport them at two voyages into Spain and if they should happen to put in at any port in England that they shall be kindly entertained and that during their stay in Ireland for a wind they shall be allowed all necessary accommodations for their money After some few days stay the wind stood fair and so the Spaniards embarked with great loss and dishonour for their own Country The Earl of Tir-Oen in the mean while fled in great consternation with all the speed he could make thro' unknown by-ways to recover his holes in Ulster with great loss of his men who were many of them drowned in passing the rivers which were swelled with the winter floods From hence forward the Earl grew restless being tormented with continual apprehensions of punishment for those crimes whereof he was conscious and so fearful of every body that he was every day shifting from one hole to another The Lord Deputy laid up his army in winter quarters to refresh them and having thus settled his affairs in Munster returned to Dublin As soon as the rigour of the season was a little abated he marched back with his resolute army towards Ulster making small journeys to strike a terrour into the Country intending now to perfect his old design of penning up the rebels by planting forts and garisons on all sides When he came to Blackwater he carried over his army in floats and having found out a ford below the old fort which was not before known of he built a fort upon the bank and call'd it from himself Charlemont The Earl of Tir-Oen out of fear at this time had burnt his own house at Dungannon The Lord Deputy marched from hence beyond Dungannon and encamped his army till 66 Sir Henry Henry Docwra could come from Logh-Foil to join him After that he made his incursions on all sides spoiled the corn burnt all the houses and villages that could be found made booty of the cattle and had the forts of Logh Crew Logh Reogh and Mogherlecow surrendred to him yet we lost Sir John Barkley a valiant man who was shot in this last of them After this he planted a garison at Logh Eaugh or Logh Sidney and called it Montjoy from his own title committing the charge of it to Sir Arthur Chicester whose great deserts have made him Lord Deputy of Ireland at this time and another at Monaghan whereof he made 67 Sir Christopher Christopher S. Lawrence governor men of great experience and courage who by their continual sallies and excursions made the rebels so uneasie that finding themselves pent in with garisons and streightened moâ—e and more daily in every thing and that they must livâ— hereafter like wild beasts sculking up and down among the â—oods and desarts they began most of them to conform thâ—â—r fidelity to their fortune and tender a submission privaâ—â—ly to the Lord Deputy murmuring that the Earl had broughâ—â—he whole Kingdom into this ruine to serve his own ends that it was necessary for him only and had proved destructive to them The Earl himself was sensible that the fidelity as well as the strength of his party was now infeebled and resolved to be as much before hand with danger as he could being now quite weary of his misery and tender of his own life which will generally find favour in spite of any resolutions Accordingly he writ several letters to the Queen with great submission addressing himself therein with prayers and tears for mercy which the Queen observed to be so sincere that being in her own temper most merciful she order'd the Lord Deputy to give him pardon and receive him in case he desired it As soon as ever he had this news from some of his friends he sent his petition to this purpose pressing the Lord Deputy continually by his brother Arth. Mac Baron and others and at last in February after many refusals and his sincere promise to surrender his life and fortune to the Queens discretion the Lord Deputy upon advice from the Court of England that the Queen who was now of great age was dangerously ill gave the Earl leave to repair to Mellifont which accordingly he did forthwith attended with one or two followers Being admitted into the presence chamber where the Lord Deputy sat in a chair of state with many of his Officers about him he fell down upon his knees in the very entrance all dejected and in a mean condition after he continued a while in this posture the Lord Deputy signified to him to approach nearer
so he arose and after some few steps fell down upon his knees again Acknowledging his offences to God and his most gracious Princess and Soveraign Queen Elizabeth upon whose royal mercy and goodness he now wholly relied and to whose discretion he submitted both his life and fortune humbly beseeching that as he had felt her mercy heretofore and did her power now at this time so he might once more taste her clemency and be an example of it to future ages That neither his age was so great his body so weak nor his mind so much broken but he might expiate this rebellion by his loyalty and good service hereafter Beginning to tell them in extenuation of his â—â—â—me that by the malice and envy of some he had been â—â—rdly dealt with Here the Lord Deputy interrupted â—im saying with great majesty which is the most graceful eloquence in a soldier that he would suffer no excuse in a crime so hainous and so in few words ordered him to withdraw and the day following took him along with him to Dublin designing to carry him from thence into England to the Queen that she might take what course she thought fit with him But in the mean while this excellent Princess a little after she had received the news that this rebellion was extinguished which had troubled her so long and was the only thing wanting to compleat her glory left this life with great ease and piety for a better Thus the Irish war or rather the rebellion of the Earl of Tir-Oen which sprung from private resentments and ambition and was suffered to grow up by the neglectful and sparing Counsels in England spread over all Ireland under the pretence of restoring religion and liberty and continued by reason of the base emulation of the English the avarice of the veterans the artifice and feign'd submissions of the Earl the rugged situation of the Country and the nature of the people who depend less upon their arms than their heels as also by reason of the credulity of some ministers and the corruption of others the encouragement of one or two fortunate engagements and of those supplies of men and money sent them from Spain was now at last in the eighth year under the government of Queen Elizabeth of sacred memory extinguished by the conduct of 68 Sir Charles Charles Blunt Baron of Montjoy Lord Deputy who was upon that account made Earl of Devonshire by King James for his good service and an everlasting peace as we hope established in that Kingdom The Antient and Modern Customs of the IRISH. 'T IS here requisite I should say something of the Manners of the Irish As for their antient manners the account I give of them is borrowed from old writers but their later customs are recited from the accurate observations of a modern Author both learned and industrious The old Irish being rude and barbarous like all other nations in this part â—f the world are thus described by the Antients Strabo l. 4. I can say noting of Ireland upon good authority but that the people â—e more barbarous than the Britains They feed upon ma's flesh and 〈…〉 but 〈◊〉 Eâ—â—â—me 〈◊〉 â—pon 〈◊〉 and â—â—â—s eat to excess They look upon it as a credit â—o eat up the bodies of their dead Parents and not only to lye with strange women but with their own mothers and â—â—sters However I must caution the Reader that I pretenâ— not to warrant the truth of this relation Thus much is certainly reported that man's flesh was eat among the Sâ—thians nay and that in the extremities of a siege or sâ— the Gauls Spaniards and many others have frequently â—ne it Pomponius Mela lib. 3. Thâ—â—nhabitants are barbarous and have no sense either of Vâ—tue or Religion Solinus cap. 24. Those that câ—quer besmear their faces with the blood of the slain and know no distinction between right and wrong When a â—â—n-child is born the mother feeds it upon the point of 〈◊〉 husband's sword thinking this ominous and wishing afâ—â—r their heathenish way that its fortune may be to dye in â—he midst of war and arms Such as affect gaiety garnâ— the hilts of their swords with the teeth of Sea-monsters â—hich are as white as Ivory For here they value themselves chiefly upon the fineness and well keeping of their arms These are their antient customs As for their usages of the middle age we have them in Giraldus Cambrensis and in others from him But as for their later customs they are described by a certain modern Author whom I take to be J. Good a Priest educated at Oxford and School-master at Limerick in the year 1566. from whom I shall transcribe them Yet since I promised but just now some account of the administration of Justice among them I 'll first make bold to acquit my self of thaâ— under taking The great men O prefixt to the names of the Noblemen of Ireland by way of excellency who have the fourth vowel prefix'd to their names to denote their quality and eminence as O-Neal O-Rork O-Donell c. and others likewise who have Mac put before their names enjoy a large prerogative whereby they Lord it at a high rate and by the tributes taxes and other Impositions which they exact from their poor vassals for maintaining of their Soldiers Galloglasses Kernes and Horsemen they make them very miserable especially in a time of civil war for then they quite drein and impoverish them These Grandees have their own Lawyers whom they call Breahans Breahans as the Goths did theirs Bellagines an ignorant paultry sort of people who at certain set times try the causes of the neighbourhood upon the very top of some high hill The Plaintiff opens his cause before them with great complaint of the injuries he has suffer'd to which the Defendant pleads Not guilty If the Defendant is convicted of robbery they either fine him according to his demerits or award restitution These great men have likewise their particular Historians to chronicle the famous actions of their lives Physitians too and Poets whom they call Bards and Harpers who have all of them their several estates and possessions allowed them and in each territory there are certain particular families for nothing else but these employments for instance one for Breabans another for Historians and so of â—he rest who take care to instruct their children and relations in their own respective professions Professions hereditary and by that means leave always one or other of the same race to succeed them Among the Grandees the rules of succession and inheritance are little heeded whoever is descended of a good family and hâ—s the most power retinue and courage assumes the Sovereignty either by election or usurpation and excludes the sons and nearest relations of the person deceased being after their barbarous rate enthron'd in a stone seat plac'd in the open air upon a certain hillock At the same time a successor is
at this day Garnsey Garnsey perhaps Granonâ— by transposal of letters which the Notitia mentions in Armorica running from east to west in the form of a harp but much inferior to the Caesarea aforesaid both in extent and fruitfulness for it has only 10 parishes Yet in this respect that nothing venomous will live here 't is to be preferr'd to the other Nature has also fortified it much better being fenced quite round with a ridge of steep rocks among which is found smyris a very hard sharp stone which we call Emeril wherewith Lapidaries polish and shape jewels and Glaziers cut glass This Island has also a better haven and greater concourse of Merchants For almost in the farthest point eastward but on the south side the shore falls in like a half moon and thereby makes a bay capable of receiving very large ships Upon which stands S. Peter a little town consisting of one long and narrow street which has a good magazine and is throng'd with merchants upon the breaking out of any war For by an ancient priviledge of the Kings of England this place enjoys a kind of perpetual truce so that in times of war the French or any others may come hither without danger and trade with their commodities The mouth of the haven which is pretty well set with rocks is defended by a castle on each side on the left by an old castle and on the right by another they call the Cornet standing just opposite upon a high rock and encompassed by the sea when the tide is in This in Queen Mary's time was repaired by Sir Leonard Chamberlan Kt. and Governor of the Island and has been since strengthen'd with new works by Thomas Leighton his successor 5 Under Queen Elizabeth Here lives generally the Governor of the Island with a garison to defend it who suffer neither French-men nor women to enter upon any pretence whatsoever On the north-side joins La Val a Peninsula which had a Priory or Convent in it In the west part near the sea there is a lake of a mile and a half in compass well stored with fish Carp especially which for size and taste are very much commended The Inhabitants are not so industrious in improving their grounds as the people of Jersey but yet they follow navigation and commerce for a more uncertain gain with much toil and application Every man here takes care to till his own land by himself only so that the whole Island is enclosure which is not only of great profit to them but secures them against a common enemy Both Islands are adorned with many gardens and orchards so that they generally use a wine made of * Pyris Apples which some call Sisera we Cydre The Inhabitants of both are originally either Normans or Britains but they speak French Yet they will not suffer themselves to be thought or called French without disdain and willingly hear themselves counted English Both Islands use Uraic for fewel or else sea-coal from England They enjoy great plenty of fish and have both of them the same form of government These with other Islands hereabouts belonged formerly to Normandy but after Henry the first King of England had defeated his brother Robert in the year 1108 he annexed Normandy and these Islands to the Crown of England From that time they have stedfastly adhered to England even at that juncture wherein King John was found guilty of the death of his nephew and by judgment thereupon was deprived of all Normandy which he held of the King of France and the whole Province revolted from him As also after that when King Henry the third sold his title to Normandy for a sum of money From that moment they have to their great honour continued firm in their allegiance to England and are all of William the Conqueror's inheritance and the Dukedom of Normandy that now remains in this Crown and that notwithstanding several attempts made upon them by the French who for this long time have hardly cast their eyes upon them from their own coast without envy 6 Aâ—d verily Evan a Welsh Gâ—ntleman descended from the Princes of Wales and serving the French King surprised Garnsey in the time of K ng Edward the thiâ—â— but soon lost it In Edward the 4th's reign it appears by the Records of the Kingdom that they got possession of Guernsey but were soon beat out again by the valour of Richard Harleston Valect of the Crown as they term'd them in those days for which the King rewarded him with the government of both the Island and the Castle Fâ—anciâ—a 16. Edw 4. Again likewise in the year 1549 the King being in minority and the Kingdom embroiled with civil wars Leo Strozzi commander of the French Galleys invaded this Isle but was repulsed with great loss and so this design vanished As for the Ecclesiastical State here they continued under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Constance in Normandy till within the memory of this age when he refused to abjure the Pope's authority in England as our Bishops had done From that time they were taken from the Diocess of Constance by Queen Elizabeth and laid to the Diocess of Winchester so that the Bishop of Winchester and his successors may exercise all the offices that pertain to an Episcopal Jurisdiction herein Yet their Church Discipline is according to that of Geneva introduced here by the French Ministers As for the Civil Customs of these Islands some of them are to be found in the Records of the Tower namely That King John instituted twelve Coroners upon oath to keep the rights and hold the pleas belonging to the Crown and granted for the security of the Islanders that their Bailiffs hence-forward * Per Visum by advice of the Coroners might plead without writ of Novel Disscisin made within the year without writ of Mordancaster within the year or brief De Dower likewise c. That the Jurors shall not defer their sentence in any cause above a year and that they shall be respected in Customs and other things as subjects born and not as foreigners Cl. 25 E. 3 An. 9. Ed. 3. But I leave these matters to such as may perhaps search more nicely into the detail of them observing only that the Customs of Normandy hold here in most cases Serke a small Island lying between these two Serk and fenced round with steep rocks lay desolate till J. de S. Owen of Jarsey the antiquity of whose family some I know not upon what authority assert to be above the times of S. Owen planted a Colony here upon a commission from Queen Elizabeth and other aims of private profit as the report goes As for Jethow Jethow which serveth the Governor instead of a Park to feed cattle and to keep deer rabbets and pheasants and Arme Arme. which is larger than Jethow and was first a solitary place for Franciscans these I say
p United to Dublin Glendelac q United to Leighlin Fern. Ossory otherwise r And Kilkenny de Canic Å¿ Leighlin Lechlin Kildare otherwise Dare. Under the Archbishop of Cassil are the Bishops of t Killaloe Laonie or de Kendalnan Limrick Isle of Gathy u Kilfenora united either to Kâ—illaloo or Tuam Cellumabrath x Emly annext to Cashell Melice or de Emileth Rosse otherwise Roscree Waterford otherwise Baltifordian y Lismore united to Waterford Lismore z Cloyne Clon otherwise de Cluanan Corcage or Cork a Rosse united to Cork De Rosalither b Ardfort united to Lamerick Ardefert Under the Archbishop of Tuam are the Bishops of Duac otherwise c Kilmacough united to Clonfert Killmacduoc De Mageo Enachdun De Cellaiaro De Roscomon Clonfert d United to Killalla Achad 5 Or Achâ—iry Hol. Lade otherwise e Killalla Killaleth De Conani De Killmanduach Elphin ¶ Besides these alterations already mentioned the Bishopricks of Rathluc Dalnliquir Isle of Gathay Roscree Mage Enachdun de Câ—laiar Râ—scomon and Câ—nany are united to some of the rest so that there are no such in being at this day MOMONIA or MOUNSTER MOmonia in Irish Mown and in compound wown in English Mounster lies southward open to the Vergivian-sea separated from Connaught for some while by the river Siney or Shanon and from Lemster by the river Neor Formerly it was divided into many parts as Towoun i.e. North Mounster Deswoun i.e. South Mounster Heir woun West Mounster Mean-woun Middle Mounster and Urwoun the fore part of Mounster but at this day into two parts West Mounster and South Mounster The West Mounster was in old time the country of the Luceni the Velabri and the Uterini the South was that of the Oudiae or Vediae and the Coriondi but at present it is distinguished into a Into â—â—x at present Cork Kerry Limerick Clare Typerary and Waterford seven Counties Kerry Desmond Cork Limerick Tiperary Holy-Cross and Waterford In the most westward part of Ireland and where it tents towards the Cantabrian Ocean confronting at a great distance south-westward Gallitia in Spain the Velabri and the Luceni formerly inhabited as Orosius writes The Luceni of Ireland who seem to derive their name and origînal from the Lucensii of Gallitia in the opposite coast of Spain Lucâ—ni of whose name some remains are to this day in the Barony of Lyxnaw were seated as I suppose in the County of Kerry and in b Conilogh Conoglogh hard by upon the River Shanon The County of KERRY THE County of Kerry near the mouth of the Shannon shoots forth like a little tongue into the sea roaring on both sides of it This County stands high and has many wild and woody hills in it between which lye many vallies whereof some produce corn others wood This c It was soâ— but is not at prâ—sent is reckoned a County Palatine and the Earls of Desmond had herein the dignity and prerogatives of a Count Palatine by the gift of King Edward the third who granted them all royalties excepting the trying of four pleas Fire Rape Forestall and Treasure-trouve with the profits arising de Croccis which were reserved to the King of England But this liberty through the weakness of such as either would not or knew not how to use it became the very sink of all mischief and the refuge of seditious persons In the very entrance into this Country there is a territory called Clan-moris Câ—an-Moâ—â—â— from one Moris of the family of Raimund la Grosse whose heirs were successively called Barons of Lixnaw Cross through the middle of it runs a little river now nameless though perhaps by its situation â—â— riv that which Ptolemy calls the Dur and passes by Trailey a small town now almost desolate where has been a house of the Earls of Desmund Hard by lyes Ardurt â—â—hâ—prick 〈◊〉 the See of a poor Bishop called of Ardefertb. Almost in the end of this promontory there lies on one side Dingle â—â—â—gâ—e a commodious haven and on the other Smerwick â—â—erwick contracted from St. Mary-wic a road for ships d Now united to Limerick where lately as Girald Earl of Desmund a man basely treacherous to his Prince and Country wasted and spoiled Mounster arrived some * Tumulâ—â—â—â—i confused troops of Italians and Spaniards sent to his assistance by Pope Gregory the thirteenth and the King of Spain who fortified themselves here calling it Fort del Ore and threatning the Country with great ruin But this danger was ended by the coming and first onset of the Viceroy the most famous and warlike Baron Art Lord Grey Lord Arthur Grey For they forthwith surrendered and were put to the sword most of them which was thought in policy the wisest and safest course considering the then present posture of affairs and that the rebels were ready to break out in all quarters In conclusion the Earl of Desmund was himself forced to fly into the woods thereabouts for shelter and soon after set upon in a poor cottage by one or two soldiers who wounded him so being discovered he was beheaded for his disloyalty and the mischief he had done this Country Perhaps some will impute it to want of gravity and prudence in me A ridiculous persuasion of the wild Irish if I give an account of an old opinion of the wild Irish and still current among them That he who in the great clamor and outcry which the soldiers usually make with much straining before an onset does not huzza as the rest do is suddenly snatch'd from the ground and carried flying into these desart vallies from any part of Ireland whatsoever that there he eats grass laps water has no sense of happiness nor misery has some remains of his reason but none of his speech and that at long run he shall be caught by the hunters and brought back to his own home DESMONIA or DESMOND BEneath the Country of the old Luceni lyes Desmond stretching out a long way with a considerable breadth towards the South in Irish Deswown in English Desmond formerly peopled by the Velabri Vâ—â—â—â—ri and the Iberni who in some Copies are called Uterini The Velabri may seem to derive their name from Aber i.e. aestuaries for they dwelt among such friths upon parcels of ground divided from one another by great incursions of the Sea from which the Artabri and Cantabri in Spain also took their names Among the arms of the sea here there are three several Promontories besides Kerry above mentioned shoot out with their crooked and winding shores to the South-west which the Inhabitants formerly called Hierwoun i.e. West-mounster The first of them which lyes between Dingle-bay and the river Mair is called Clan-car and has a castle built at Dunkeran by the Carews of England a It is nâ—w divided into the Baronies of