Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	alexander_n	king_n	pope_n	3,279	5	6.9849	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A91309	Truth triumphing over falshood, antiquity over novelty. Or, The first part of a just and seasonable vindication of the undoubted ecclesiasticall iurisdiction, right, legislative, coercive power of Christian emperors, kings, magistrates, parliaments, in all matters of religion, church-government, discipline, ceremonies, manners: summoning of, presiding, moderating in councells, synods; and ratifying their canons, determinations, decrees: as likewise of lay-mens right both to sit and vote in councells; ... In refutation of Mr. Iohn Goodwins Innocencies Triumph: my deare brother Burtons Vindication of churches, commonly called Independent: and of all anti-monarchicall, anti-Parliamentall, anti-synodicall, and anarchicall paradoxes of papists, prelates, Anabaptists, Arminians, Socinians, Brownists, or Independents: whose old and new objections to the contrary, are here fully answered. / By William Prynne, of Lincolnes Inne, Esquire.	Prynne, William, 1600-1669.	1645 (1645)	Wing P4115; Thomason E259_1; ESTC R212479	202,789	171

chiefe Officer of the King in that parish that he may admonish him to appeare to give satisfaction And if the Officer of the King shall faile therein he shall be in the Kings mercy and from thenceforth the Bishop may with Ecclesiasticall Iustice curbe the party accused 11. Archbishops Bishops and all persons of the Realme who hold of the King in Capite may haue their possessions of the King as a Barony and shall answer for them to the Justices and Ministers of the King and shall follow and doe all Royall Customes and like other Barons ought to bee present in judgments of the Kings Court with the Barrons untill it proceed to diminution of Members or unto death 12. When an Archbishopricke Bishopricke or Abbey or Priory shall become voyde in the Kings Dominion it ought to be in his hands and he shall receive all the rents and issues thereof as the Dominicall rents And what shall come to the Church is to bee disposed of Our Lord the King ought to commend the best persons to the Church and the election ought to be made in the Kings owne Chappel by assent of the King himself and advise of such persons of the Realme which he shall call unto him to do these things and there the person elected shall do his homage and fealty to the King as to his Liege Lord of life and members and of terrene honour saving his Order before he shall be Consecrated 13. If any of the Nobles of the Realme shall deny to do Iustice to any Archbishop or Bishop or Archdeacon concerning him or his our Lord the King ought to do them Iustice And if peradventure any shall deny to our Lord the King his right the Archbishops Bishops and Archdeacons ought to admonish him that he may satisfie the King 14. The Church or Churchyard ought not to detain the Chattels of those who are in forfeiture of the King against the Iustice of the King because they are the Kings owne whether they bee found within or without the Church 15. Pleas of Debts which shal be due either by interposition of an oath or without oath are in the Iustice of the King that is triable in the Kings temporall Courts 16. The Sonnes of Peasants or Villanies ought not to bee ordained Priests without assent of the Lord in whose land they are knowne to bee borne To this Recognition or Record of the Customs and Liberties of the Realm the Archbishops Bishops Abbots Priors Clergy with all the Earles Barons and Nobles swore and firmly promised viva voce in the word of truth that they would keep and observe it to our Lord the King and to his Heirs bona fide and without male engin for ever His itaque gestis potestas Laica in res personas Ecclesiasticas omnia pro libitu Ecclesiastico jure contempto tacentibus aut vix murmur antibus Episcopis potius quam resistentibus usurpabat writes Matthew Paris Whereupon Thomas Becket then Archbishop of Canterbury repenting of his oath to observe them humbled and afflicted himselfe exceedingly with fasting and corporall pennace yea he suspended himself from the office of the Altar untill the Pope absolved him from his pretended offence and oath which he readily obtained After which Becket resusing to conforme himselfe to the King and these Lawes he had sworne to departs secretly without the Kings license into Flanders and from thence repaired to Pope Alexander at Sennes who curteously entertained him and refused the demands of the Kings Embassadours to do him justice against Becket or to confirme these Lawes and ancient Customs of the Realm Whereupon the King sent this ensuing Writ to every Sheriffe of England Praecipio tibi quod si aliquis Clericus vel Laicus in Baliva tua Romanam curiam appellaverit eum capias firmiter teneas donec voluntatem meam praecipiam omnes reditus Clericorum Archiepiscopi possessiones saiseas in manum meam Et omnium Clericorum qui cum Archiepiscopo sunt Patres Matres Fratres Sorores Nepotes Neptes pones per salvos plegios catalla eorum donec voluntatem meam inde praecipiam Et hoc Breve tecum afferas cum summonitus fueris Gilberto quoque que Londonensi Episcopo scripsit in haec verba Nosti quam malè Thomas Cantuariensis Archiepiscopus operatus est adversum mo regnum meum quam malè recesserit Et ideo mando tibi quod Clerici sui qui detraxerunt honori meo regni qui circa●psum fuerunt post fugam suam non percipiant aliquid de reditibus suis quos habuerunt in Episcopatu tuo nisi per me nec habeant aliquod auxilium vel consilium a●te Item Justitiariis suis significavit per literas sub hac forma Si quis inventus fuerit ferens literas Domini Papae vel mandatum aut Thomae Archiepiscopt continens interdictum Christianitatis in Anglia capiatur retinetur donec inde voluntatem meam praecipiam Item nullus Clericus Monachus Canonicus vel conversus vel alicujus religionis transfretare permittatur nisi habeat Literas de reditu suo Justitiarii vel nostras Si quis aliter inventus fuerit capiatur retineatur Nullus appellet ad Papam neque ad Thomam Archiepiscopum neque aliquod placitum ex eorum mandato teneatur neque aliquod mandatum eorum in Anglia recipiatur si quis tenuexit vel receperit vel tractaverit capiatur retineatur Si Episcopi Abbates Clerici vel Laici sententiam interdicti tenuerunt sine dilatione a terra eijciantur tota eorum Cognatio Ita quod nihil de catallis suis secum ferant sed catalla eorum possessiones in manu nostra saisiantur Omnes Clerici qui reditus habent in Anglia sint summoniti per omnes comitatus ut infra tres Menses praecise ad reditus suos sicut diligunt eos amant in Angliam redeant Et si ad terminum praefixum non venerint reditus eorum in manu nostra saisiantur Episcopt Londoniensis Norioensis summoneantur quod sint eoram Justiciariis Nostris ad rectum faciendum quod contra Statuta Regni interdixerunt terram Hugonis Comitis in ipsum sententiam Anathematis intulerunt Denarii beati Petri colligantur serventur quousque inde vobis Dominus Rex voluntatem suam praeceperit Ecclesiam praeterea Cantuariensem omnia bona Archiepiscopi Rex et suorum consiscari praecepit Et quod in nullius historiae legitur serie totam ejus congnationem exilio ascriptam addixit sine delectu conditionis sexus aut aetatis Et cum Ecclesia Catholica oret pro haereticis schismatieis perfidis Judaeis prohibitum est a Rege ne quis Archiepiscopum orationum suffragiis adjuvaret Such Ecclesiasticall jurisdiction did the King then exercise To what an unfortunate end this opposition brought this Archbishop Becket our Historians at large record and I

' inchoat ' 1. Decem. 1384. contin ' ad diem Lunae prox ' post festum corp ' Christi Convocat ' inchoat ' 6. Novem. 1385. contin ' ad 7. diem Decem. An. praedict Convocat ' inchoat ' 5. Novem. 1386. contin ' ad 3. diem Decem. An. praedict Convocat ' inchoat ' 26. Febr. 1387. contin ' ad 4. diem Martii sequent Convocat ' inchoat ' 17. Octob. 1388. contin ' ad 22. diem Octob. praedict Convocat ' inchoat ' 17. Apr. 1391. contin ' ad 21. diem Apr. praedict Convocat ' inchoat ' 5. die Febr. 1394. contin ' ad 18. diem ejusdem mensis Convocat ' inchoat ' 6. Maii An. Dom. 1460. contin ' ad 15. diem Julii An. praedict Convocat ' inchoat ' 6. Julii An. Dom. 1463. contin ' ad 18. diem Julii praedict Convocat ' inchoat ' 21. Martii 1480. contin ' ad 15. diem Novem. 1481. Convocat ' inchoat ' 13. Febr. 1486. contin ' ad 27. diem Febr. praedict Convocat ' inchoat ' 14. Ia●●ar 1487. contin ' ad 27. diem Febr. praedict The Presidents since these being more obvious and infinite I pretermit Indeed I finde some Convocations and Synods summoned without any speciall Writs yet extant which perchance are lost however though they were summoned without speciall Writs yet it was alwayes by the Kings licence privi●● and assistance first obtained or by former adjournments and not by virtue of any summons from the Pope Arch-bishop of Canterbury or any other Prelates without or against the Kings command as some of the ensuing Presidents manifest in direct termes Convocatio inchoata absque brevi mense Julii An. Dom. 1295. Convocatio inchoata absque brevi die alia dominica qua cantabatur officium laetare eodem Anno. Convocat ' inchoat ' absque brevi die S. Hillarii An. Dom. 1297. Alia absque brevi pro defensione Ecclesiae cont ' Scotos die S. Edmundi Regis eodem Anno. Convocat ' inchoat ' ad instantiam Regis regressi à Flandriae inchoat ' festo Nativ ' S. Johannis Baptistae An. Dom. 1298. Convocat ' Concilii provincialis absque brevi inchoat ' 16. Maii An. Dom. 1356. Convocat ' Cleri Provinciae Cant ' ad supplicationem dom Reg. inchoat ' die Mercurii proxim ' post dominicam qua cantatur officium misericordia Domini in Ecclesia S. Brigittae Londin An. Dom. 1356. Convocat ' inchoat ' absque brevi die Jovis prox post festum S. Georgii Martyris 24. April An. Dom. 1371. Convocat ' inchoat ' absque brevi 1. die Decemb. An. Dom. 1373. Convocat ' inchoat ' absque brevi 8. Febr. An. 1576. Convocat ' inchoat ' absque brevi 5. Novemb. An. Dom. 1377. Convocat ' inchoat ' absque brevi 9. Maii. 1379. Convocat ' inchoat ' absque brevi die Sabbat proxim ' post festum Purificationis S. Mariae Virginis An. Dom. 1379. Convocat ' inchoat ' absque brevi 1. Decemb. An. Dom. 1380. Since this time I finde no Synod Councell or Convocation ever summoned or assembled but by the Kings speciall Writs yet extant among our Records the particularizing whereof being superfluous I shall here omit Secondly our Acts of Parliament expresly resolve that our Convocations Synods Councels ought to be summoned onely by the Kings Writ Hence the Statute of 8. H. 6. c. 1. recites That all the Clergie are to be called to the Convocation by the Kings Writ and thereupon enacts That they and their servants shall for ever hereafter fully use and enjoy such liberties and defence in comming going and tarrying as the great men and Commonalty of England called to the Kings Parliament doe enjoy Hence the whole Clergie of England in their submission in Parliament 25. H. 8. c. 19. 27. H. 8. c. 15. made this acknowledgment Whereas the Kings humble and obedient subjects the Clergie of the Realme of England have acknowledged according to truth THAT THE CONVOCATION OF THE SAME CLERGY IS ALWAYES HATH BEEN AND OUGHT TO BE ASSEMBLED ONLY BY THE KINGS WRIT c. And thereupon these Statutes among other things enact according to this submission and Petition of the said Clergie that they ne any of them from henceforth should make promulge or execute any new Canons c. in their Convocations in times comming which ALWAYES SHALL BE ASSEMBLED BY AUTHORITY OF THE KINGS WRIT c. A cleare confession and resolution that Councels Synods and Convocations here in England alwaies have been are and for ever hereafter ought to be called and summoned not by the Popes or Prelates authority and citations but by the Kings royall authoritie and Writ Hence the English Clergie in most Bills of their Subsidies since as in 27. Eliz. c. 28. 29. Eliz. The Act of one Subsidie granted by the Clergie 31. Eliz. c. 14. 35. Eliz. c. 12. 39. Eliz. c. 26. 43. Eliz. c. 17. 3. Jacobi c. 25. 7. Jacobi c. 22. 21. Jacobi c. 32. 1. Caroli c. 1. 3. Caroli c. 6. have inserted this clause in the prologue of their Subsidies Vestrae serenissimae regiae Majestati or sublimitati per praesens publicum instrumentum sive has literas nostras testimoniales significamus notum facimus quod Praelati Clerus nostrae Cantuariensis Provinciae IN SACRA SYNODO PROVINCIALI SIVE CONVOCATIONE VIGORE ET AVTORITATE BREVIS REGII VESTRI IN EA PARTE NOBIS DIRECTI in domo capitulari ECCLESIAE VESTRAE CATHEDRALIS divi Pauli London vicesimo quarto die mensis Novembris Anno Dom. c. inchoata celebrata to testifie that their Synods Convocations are and ought to be summoned and held only by virtue and authoritie of the Kings Royall Writ and why not then their Visitations being in truth Convocations and Synods Thirdly the whole Church of England in the 39. Articles of Religion ratified by Parliament and all Clergy-mens subscriptions to them as also by our present Soveraigns Declaration prefixt before them Anno 1628. Artic. 21. and the whole Church of Ireland in their Articles of Religion Anno 1615. Artic. 76. unanimously resolve as an Article of Religion not to be questioned That generall Councels and by the selfe-same reason Nationall and Provinciall may not be gathered together by Popes Prelates or any other persons without the Commandement or will of Princes Therefore the sole right of summoning them belongs not to Popes or Prelates but to Princes and other supreme temporall Magistrates And as these Articles so the learned Writers of our Church as incomparable Bishop Jewell in the defence of the Apologie of the Church of England part 1. c. 9. Divis 1. p 52 54. part 6. c. 12. Divis 2. p. 58● to 592. Reply to Master Hardings answer Artic. 4. Divis 19. and 26. p. 193. 212 213 214. Bishop Alley in his poore mans Library Tom. 2. Miscellanea Praelect 1. f. 18 19 20. Bishop Bilson in his true difference between Christian subjection unchristian rebellion passim Doctor William Whittakers

Henry the first summoned another Councell about Easter ad Curiam suam apud Londoniam cunctis Majoribus Regni having assembled to his Court at London not only his Archbishops and Bishops but all the great men of his Kingdome to suppresse the Marriages of Priests contrary to the Canons of the Councell of London Anno 1102. For the extirpation of which evill the King Regali authoritate atque potentia fultos roboravit by his royall Authority and power ratified those Canons and thereupon Anselmo Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas elect Archbishop of Yorke and all the Bishops of England Decreed in the presence of the said Glorious King Henry Assensu omnium Baronum suorum with the assent of all his Barons that Priests and Deacons should live chastly and keepe no Women in their Houses but those who were of their neare kindred as the Councell of Nice had defined this Canon being ratified both by the King and Peeres in Parliament to make it obligatory In these three Councells under Archbishop Anselme a great stickler for the Popes and Clergies Ecclesiasticall Jurisdiction we see the King and great men of the Realme were present and ratified the Decrees and Canons therein concluded to make them valid and binding Anno 1114 King Henry the first commanded all the Bishops and Nobles of the Kingdome to meete together at his Court whereupon a rumour was spred over all the Land that the Archbishop of Canterbury was about to celebrate a generall Councell in presence of the Popes Legate and that he would promulge some new things worthy so great a Councell for the reformation of Christian Religion in every order On the sixteenth of October they all met together in the Kings Pallace at Westminster where the multitude which assembled together at last perceived that the tumour of celebrating a Councell and of the reformation of Christianity was nothing so There Anselme in the behalfe of the Pope brought a letter directed from him to the King and Bishops wherein hee taxeth the King for conferring Bishopricks claiming that right as belonging to Peters See for determining Ecclesiasticall matters and the affaires of Bishops without his or his Legats privity which belong only to the Apostolike Sea for stopping appeales to Rome as also for calling and keeping Synodall Councells without his privity when as it was unanimously ratified in the great councell of Nice consisting of 318 Bishops that no Councells ought to be summoned or kept without the privity of the Bishop of Rome and for translating Bishops without his consent Which letters much offending the Kings mind he sent his Nuntioes by common consent to Rome to give the Pope an answer and justifie his proceedings herein as warranted by his Royall Prerogative The same yeare upon the thirteenth of Aprill there was an Assembly held at Salisbury of the Bishops Abbots and great men of all England the Kings Writ compelling them to appeare there where the King appointed William his sonne lawfully begotten to be heire to the Crowne to which all the Nobles condescended and presently tooke an oath of Allegeance to him to be his men But the Bishops and Abbotts swore only and gave their faith that if he survived his Father they would forthwith conferre both the Kingdome and Crowne of the Kingdome on him without any controversie or exception In August following one Anselm the Archbish of Canterburyes kinsman came from Rome to King Henry being then in Normandie bringing the Popes Letters which authorized him to exercise the Office of the Popes Legate here in England which in a short time being knowne in the Kingdome of England the Bishops Abbots and Nobles admiring at it assembled together at London about it and certaine other things the Queen being present to discusse the matter Communi Concilio in a common Councell whereupon they all accorded to send the Archbishop of Canterbury whom it most concerned to the King to acquaint him with the ancient custome of the Kingdome and the liberty thereof and if he thought fit that he should goe likewise to Rome to annihilate This Novelty Who comming accordingly to the King found Anselme there expecting his passage into England to exercise his Legatine office there But King Henry the first not suffering any prejudice to happen to the ancient Customes of England kept him from entring into England that not without presidents For in the first yeare of this Kings Raigne Guido Archbishop of Vienna came into England having as he said the power Legatine of all England by the precept and authoritie of the Apostolicall See which being heard of throughout England was admired by all men all knowing that it was a thing unheard of in Britaine that any man except the Archbishop of Canterbury should take upon him to supply the Popes Apostolicall turnes Wherefore as he came so he returned being received as a Legate by no man nor exercising the Office of a Legate in any thing After this one Peter having obtained from the Pope a power Legatine over England Ireland France and the Iland of the Orcades at the same hereof all England was astonished the King sent the Bishop of Saint Davids and another Clergie man beyond Sea to conduct him to him enjoyning them that after his entrance into England they should not suffer him to enter into any Churches or Monasteries to lodge or eate Being brought to the King and honourably received by him having declared the cause of his comming the King answered him that hee had now no leasure to minde so great a businesse and that his Legatine power could not be established and ratified but by the connivance and assent of the Bishops Abbots Nobles and the Assembly of the whole Kingdome in Parliament moreover hee affirmed that he could not by any meanes willingly loose any of the Customes of his Country granted him by the Apostolicall See so long 〈…〉 lived whereof this was one of the chiefest and greatest that hee made the kingdome of England free from all Legatine power Whereunto Peter affented and promised to doe his endeavour to have this priviledge preserved and augmented And so being gratified with rich presents Ille qui Legati officio fungi in toto Britania venerat nimirum ab omni officio tali cum ingenti Pompa v●a qua venerat extra Angliam a Rege missus est writes Eadmerus of him by way of derision So little jurisdiction had the Popes Legates here in England in those dayes who became an intollerable vexation oppression to it in succeeding Ages in the Reignes of King John Henry the third and others In the Councell of Westminster under Iohn de Crema the Popes lecherous Legate Ann. 1125. there were 17. Canons made ab omnibus confirmata and confirmed by all there present to wit by 20. Bishops 40. Abbots Cuminumera Cleri Populi multitudine with an innumerable multitude of the Clergie and people who were present at it as the Continuer

Cremensis on Victors part and by Gulielmus Papiensis on Alexanders side In conspectu Regum Praesulum coram universa quae convenerat multitudine cleri et opuli In the presence of the Kings and Prelats and before all the multitude of the Clergy and People there assembled where Papiensis pleaded Alexanders cause so well and answered retorted what ever the opposite partie had alleaged soe substantially Vt neuter ulterius Princeps cunctaretur repudiata parte Octaviani Dominum Alexandrum recipere et cum Regnis sibi subditis ei de caetero in ijs quae Dei sunt tanquam Patri parere The forenamed Schismatickes therefore departing with confusion and shame Our Princes and Prelates Principes et Pontifices having solemnly pronounced a sentence of excommunication against the Schismatickes dissolved the Synod Loe here both the Emperor the Kings of England and France with their Nobles as well as Prelates present in a severall Councells directing and determining this great controversie in them who was Peters rightfull successor ratefying and receiving him for Pope whom they conceived in their indifferent Judgments to have the best title yea the Laity had here their voyces as well as the Clergy consented to the decrees of both Councells So when there was a former Schisme between Clement Vrban concerning the Title of the Papacie VVilliam Rufus enquiring who had the best right commanded Vrban to be reputed Apostolicall and true Pope throughout his Dominions eique vice beati Petri IN CHRISTIANA RELIGIONE not in any temporall affaires obedire claiming this as a part of his prerogative royall that none should acknowledge or receive any man for Pope or Peters successor within his Kingdome but by his election and authority and him whom he should declare to be the man accounting him no lesse then a Traitor that should deprive him of this right which his Ancestors claimed and enjoyed An. 1170. at the request of King Hen the 2d two Cardinalls Albert and Theodine were sent into France from Rome who having called a great Assembly of Ecclesiasticall persons and Noblemen within the Teritorries of the King of England they solemnly admitted the King to purge himselfe before them of the murther of Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury which purgation the King there made and submitted himselfe naked to Ecclesiasticall discipline Anno 1175. Richard Archbishop of Canterbury kept a great Councell at Westminster to which almost all the Bishops and Abbots of the Province of Canterbury came Et coram pranominatis Regibus and before King Henry the second and King Henry his Sonne and the Bishops and Abbots Richard Archbishop of Canterbury standing in an high place promulged certaine Decrees Canons concerning Clergy-men the Eucharist Tythes recorded by Hoveden to be firmely and inviolably observed by all his Provincials so that both the Kings assented to them though they were but Collections of some Decrees out of former Councels In the same yeare King Henry the Father called another Councell at Windesore eight dayes after Michaelmas Praesentibus Rege Filio the King and his Sonne being present Richard Archbishop of Canterbury with the Bishops of England and Laurence Archbishop of Dublin Praesentibus etiam Comitibus Baronibus Angliae the Carles and Barons of England being also present In which Councell being a meer Parliament there was a generall Concord made between King Henry the second and Rodericke King of Conact in Ireland and the King in that Councell gave the Bishoprick of Waterford to one Augustine an Irishman whom he sent to Donatus Archbishop of Cassels to be Consecrated Anno 1176. King Henry the second assembled and held a great Councell at Nottingham concerning the Statutes of his Kingdome and before the King his Sonne and the Archbishops Bishops Earles and Barons of his Kingdom communi omnium Concilio by the common Councell of them all he divided his Kingdome into sixe parts through each of which he appointed three Iustices Itinerant whom he caused to swear upon the holy Evangelists that they should bona fide and without any sinister intention keep and cause the people of his Kingdom inviolably to observe the Articles of Assize there renued and confirmed recorded at large by Hoveden To this Councell by the Kings command came William King of Scots with all his Bishops whom the King commanded by the fealty and Oath of Allegiance they had taken to him to do the same subjection to the Church of England which they ought to do and were went to do in the times of his Predecessors To whom they answered that they never had made any subjection or homage to the Church of England nor ought so to do To which Roger Archbishop of York replyed That the Bishop of Glascow and of Candida Casa or Whitterne had in the time of his Predecessors been subject to the See of Yorke and for proofe hereof he shewed divers priviledges of the Bishops of Rome which made it appeare To which Jocelin Bishop of Glascow answered That the Church of Glascow was a speciall Daughter of the Church of Rome and exempt from all Archiepiscopall and Episcopall jurisdiction and if the Church of Yorke had any jurisdiction over the Church of Glascow at any time it appeared that he deserved not to have any dominion over it for time to come And because Richard Archbishop of Canterbury endeavoured that the Church of Scotland should be subject to the Church of Canterbury such was his ambition then he so crossed the King of England That he permitted the Bishops of Scotland to return home without making any subjection of themselves to the Church of England as they had formerly done Anno 1176. Hugo Cardinalis Hoveden stiles him Hugozun the Popes Legate by the Kings permission and asistance called a generall Councell at London in the midst of Lent where the Archbishops of Canterbury and York and all the Bishops and Abbots of England with a great number of Clergie-men assembling together the Cardinall sate on an high throne in the Chappell of the infirme Monkes of Westminster and the Bishops and Abbots with him every one in his place according to his order and dignity But there arose a contention between the Archbishops of Canterbury and Yorke which of them should sit at the right hand of the Cardinall And when as the Archbishop of Yorke would sit there the Bishop of Canterburies servants rushed violently upon him threw him down upon the ground trampled on him with their feet and brake his Miter whereupon the Councel was dispersed and the Cardinall flying to hide himselfe out of their sight was so hindered that he held no Councel Both sides made appeales to the Pope and complained to the King of the injuries done unto them So Hoveden Gulielmus Nubrigensis relates the story in these words When the Cardinall assisted by the Kings favour had called together the Ecclesiasticall persons of both Provinces of

Canterbury and Yorke to London to celebrate a Councell of all England there on the day appointed for the beginning of his Councell when all having taken their Robes and ensignes were about to go in Procession to it there fell out a vehement contention between the Archbishops themselves about the priority of place in the Councell For that rule of the Apostle in honour preferring one another was so abrogated by the Bishops of our time that neglecting their Pastorall diligence and care Bishops by how much the more stubbornly by so much also the more vainly contend about Praecedencie and almost all Episcopall Controversie is wholy conversant about the praerogative of their honours In conclusion Yorke comming soonest praeoccupied the first seate alleadging that the same belonged to him by the ancient decree of Saint Gregory by which it is known to bee enacted that of the Metropolitans of England he should be accounted the chiefe who was first ordained But Canterbury having made a solemne complaint of the preoccupying of his place as if he suffered prejudice refused the second seate Whereupon his subjects or Clerkes of his Province contending more fiercely for him presently the simple contention of words grew into a brauling Yorke the adverse party being stronger was thrust with ignominy from the place he had so early taken who exhibited his torne Myter to the Legate as a signe of the injury offered to him and cited Canterbury to the Apostolicall See The Metropolitans therefore thus contending and things thus disturbed the Councell was not celebrated but dissipated and they who had assembled as called forth to a Councell returned to their own homes Matthew Parker in his Antiquitates Ecclesiae Britannicae out of Gervasins and Radulphus de Duceto relates the story in these words A Legate called Flugonius came into England from the Pope at King Henry the seconds request that hee might both separate Queene Eleaner from him by a Divorce and comprimise the Controversie between the Archbishops of Canterbury and Yorke touching the precedency which had continued for many successions of Bishops and been oft times determined but never finally ended till the Statute of 31 Hen. 8. cap. 10. such was the pride and ambition of these Arch-Prelates whose more than civill contentions for superiority our Historians have at large recorded to their infamy This Legate assembled a Councell at Westminster in the Church of the infirme Monkes whither the Clergie of both Provinces plentifully assembled and when the day of beginning the Councell was come the Legate sitting on an high Throne gave the right hand to the Archbishop of Canterbury But Yorke hoping that the King would bee more propitious to him than to Canterbury refused the left hand and striving most impudently with his breech to sit between the Legate and Canterbury at last sate downe in the lap of his Primate He had scarcee touched Canterbury with his breech with which he strove to get the second place but he was shamefully reprehended both by many Bishops and also by many Clerkes and Laymen The Archbishop of Canterburies servants provoked with the indignity of this wicked fact and the vehemencie of the just reproofe pulling York out of their Lords bosome and throwing him down on the ground trampled him under their feet and his Archiepiscopall Robes being most shamefully pulled off and torne they buffeted him with their fists But Canterbury when as he could not call away nor hold off his servants enraged with so great anger departed out of the Councell that at least hee might draw them away with him by his departure The servants following their Master left Yorke lying prostrate on the ground environed with his torne Garments At last Yorke fetching many deep and frequent sighes ariseth halfe dead and goeth all bloody to the King who with his son was present in the Councell the thing for which I principally relate the storie and makes his complaint against Canterbury The King having received Yorks relation only was at first in censed against Canterbury but afterwards the truth of his owne rashnesse and impudency being manifested he dismissed Yorke who departed from the King with disgrace the most reviling him with clamors go go said they thou betrayer of Saint Thomas thy hands doe yet stinke with blood But he poore wretch did now welter in his owne not Thomas his blood Hugocius among these tumults perplexed with feare having pronounced a blessing sodainly dissolved so unluckie a Councell and appealled Canterbury to the Pope as guilty of this battery Yorke also did the like At last Canterbury least he should be overwhelmed with appeales on both sides submitted himselfe and his servants to the Popes protection by appealing both the Legate and Yorke to Rome so all equally appealed But the next day Canterbury who knew the manner of the Pontificians pacified the Legate with gifts and they thus reconciled remitted their Appeales on both sides Afterwards the Archbishop of Cant. and Geoffry of Ely were againe accused by the Bishop of York before the King that in the Councell of Westminster they had laid violent hands on him which when they had denyed and purged themselves upon Oath they were reconciled by the Kings command and by him a truce for five yeares was made between Canterbury and Yorke who promised betweene themselves upon Oath that they would firmely stand to the Arbiterment of the Bishops of Normandy and France as well concerning this battery as all other controversies depending between them And so this fray and Councell ended wherein you see the King Prince and Laymen were present it being in truth a Parliament accompanied with a Convocation Anno 1226. there was a Synod held at London under Otho the Popes Legate where the King with the Clergy Magnatibus Regni and the great men of the Kingdome assembled with many Bishops Priests La●corum Turbis and Troops of Laymen when they were all assembled Otho read the Popes letters to them before them all in which the Pope alleaged that it was a most ancient scandall and reproach to the Church of Rome that she was branded for coveteousnesse the roote of all evill and in this especially that no men could expedite any businesse in the Court of Rome unlesse by disbursing great summes of money and giving store of gifts but because the poverty of the Church of Rome was the cause of this scandall and infamy her naturall sons ought to relieve the want of their Mother for unlesse we should receive gifts from you and other good and honest men we should want necessaries to supply our lives which would be altogether incongruous to the Roman dignity Therefore utterly to roote out this scandall by the Councell of our Brethren the Cardinalls of the holy Church of Rome we have provided a certaine forme to which if you will consent you may free your Mother from scandall and obtaine Justice in the Court of Rome without giving any bribes Now the forme provided is this First of

all we desire two Prebends to be given us by all Cathedrall Churches and out of Abbies where the Monkes and Abbots have divers portions of each one Monkes intire allowance one from the Covent another from the Abbott which demand Otho urged the Bishops and Prelates to grant on the foresaid grounds Who consulting together hereupon returned this their common Answere by Iohn Archdeacon of Bedford That those things he had propounded to them did specially concerne the King of England and generally all the Patrons of Churches Archbishops Suffragans and Prelates of England since therefore the King was then absent by reason of his infirmitie and some Archbishops Bishops and other Prelates were absent likewise that in their absence they neither could nor ought to give any Answer And upon these words uttered came Iohn Lord Marshall of England and other Messengers from the King strictly commanding all what held Baronies of the King in Capite that that they should not obliege their lay Fee to the Church of Rome whereby he might be deprived of the services due unto him And so all returned to their owne home The same yeare there was another Councell assembled at Westminster under Stephen Langhton Archbishop of Canterbury about the same matter To which the King conferring a part with some of the Nobles and Bishops gave this Answer that these things concern all Christendom because we are placed in the remotest parts of the world when we shall see what other Kingdomes will say to these exactions and shall have an example from them the Pope shall finde us more ready to obey him And so this Councell brake up By both which presidents it is evident that Councells in those dayes were no other but Parliaments the King Nobles and Commons being present in them and that the Clergy alone could treat or conclude of nothing but by their concurring assents Anno 1231. There was a great Synod of Abbotts Priors Archdeacons with almost the whole Nobility Masters and Clerks of the Realme assembled at Saint Albans by the Popes Command to celebrate a divorse betweene the Countesse of Essex and her Husband if there were cause This divorse was but an Ecclesiasticall matte● as the Canonists deemed it yet both King Nobles and Commons as well as Abbots and Clergy-men were present at it and called to it by the Popes command In the yeare of our Lord 1236. there was a Councell of all the great men Prelates and Clergie of the Realme summoned to meet at London by King Henry the third under Othe the Popes Legate which being assembled together at Paules the second day thereof the King sent John Earle of Lincolne Iohn the son of Jeffery and William de Reele a Canon of Paules to inhibit the Legate in the behalfe of the King and Kingdome that he should not there Attempt or decree any thing against his Royall Crowne and dignity William Reele remained there to see this inhibition observed the others departed The next day folowing the Legate supported with divine assistance astantis concilij Suffragits et consensu and by the suffrages and consent of the Councel there present to conserve and reforme the State Ecclesiasticall in the parts of England besides other Canonicall institutions promulged certaine Canons digested into Chapters and Articles which Edmond Archbishop of Canterbury with divers others who departed from the Councell with little joy resolved to nullifie and revoke as not confirmed by the King the Lords and Commons for ought appeares which Otho understanding writ to the Pope to ratifie them who accordingly did it by his decretall Epistle Anno 1288. John Peckam Archbishop of Canterbury held a Provinciall Councell at Redding in which he made five Constitutions purposing to draw the conusance of Patronages of Churches anciently belonging to the Kings Court to the Ecclesiasticall to rescinde all Royall Prohibitions in suites depending in the Ecclesiasticall Court for goods and Chattels and to inhibitu that Ecclesiasticall Judges should be thenceforth prohibited to proceed in them But the King hearing of this designe sent certain selected messengers both to the Archbishop and the whole Councell commanding them with threats to resist whence it came to passe that the Archbishop wholy receeded from his presumption and the Councell being dissolved all the Prelates returned frustrate of their hope 31. An. 1296. Robert Winchelsee Archbishop of Canterbury held a Provinciall Councell at London where the Clergy to disapoint the King of his Subsidies and Tenths decreed among other things Ne quid inconsulto Papa Regibus a Clero solveretur That nothing should be payed to Kings without the Popes privity and consent A right loyall Constitution worthy Prelates The King having then called a Parliament to re-inburse his monyes spent in the Scottish Wars had a large Subsidie granted him by the Commons and Burgesses But the Clergy neither offered nor granted him any thing by reason of this their Constitution for confirmation whereof the Archbishop had gotten the Popes Bull The King being moved therewith proroged the Parliament to London commanding the Clergy to be there on the first day of Saint Hilary to give him a better answer The King in the mean time commanded all the Clergy mens Barnes which were full of corne to be sealed up with publike Seales which whiles his Officers were executing the Archbishop commanded the Popes decree to be published in Cathedrall Churches inhibiting under pain of Excommunication that no Tribute or ayd should be payd to the King or to any secular Prince out of Ecclesiasticall livings or revenues an high straine of Papall usurpation and presumption and when he and his Suffragans met in Pauls they resolved to stand to their former Constitution and to grant the King nothing Such dutifull good Subjects were these lordly Prelates Whereupon the King sending messengers to them to demand a supply from them they all returne him this answer It is sufficiently known that under God the Lord of all we have two Lords a spirituall the Pope our Lord and a temporall the King our Soveraigne and though we are bound to obey both yet we ought to obey our spirituall Lord more than our temporall And therefore we intend to send a Legate to the Pope that his leave first obtained wee may give the King what he desires of us The King receiving this answer tooke it very disdainfully that he should be thus mocked in his own Kingdome by the Pope and his Clergie and thereupon thrust the Clergie out of the Parliament and held a Councell with his Barons and Commons alone and presently put all the Clergie out of his protection that none of them should have power to sue any man in any of his Courts but might be sued there by any of his subjects upon which all the Clergie but the Archbishop were content to offer the King the fith part of their Ecclesiasticall goods and the Archbishop persisting in his obstinacy had all

in this point let him consult William Ranchin his Review of the Councell of Trent who is copious and zealous in this point though a Papist Bishop Jewels Defence of the Apologie part 6. cap. 12. 13 14. 15. and the ensuing Sections But to returne to the point proposed As in the forecited Councels abroad so in our Councels Synods and Convocations at home as our Kings and their Nobles were usually present and president as I shall shew hereafter so the Prelates could debate propound and conclude nothing without their privity and licence Hence Eadmerus records of King William the Conquerour that all divine and humane things did expect his approbation for he would not suffer any man living within any of his Dominions to receive the Bishop of Rome as Apostolicall unlesse he commanded him nor yet to accept his Letters upon any termes if they had not been first shewed to him Yea he did not suffer the Primate of his Kingdome to wit the Arch-bishop of Canterbury or Dover if he sate President in a generall Councell of Bishops gathered together to decree or prohibit any thing but those things which were sutable to his will and had been first ordained by himselfe William Rufus his sonne tooke the same jurisdiction on him and challenged it as part of his Prerogative Royall For when as Anselme Arch-bishop of Canterbury moved him to command if he pleased Councels to be renued according to the ancient use because there had not been a generall Councell of Bishops in England since his comming to the Crowne not in many yeares before he gave him this reply When I shall thinke fit I will do something concerning these things not at thine but my owne pleasure But of this I shall thinke some other time and adds by way of scoffe but thou whence speakest thou in a Councell After this the King demanded of him from what Pope he would receive his Pall he answered from Urbane which the King hearing replyed That he had not yet taken him for Apostolicall neither had it been the Custome in his or his Fathers time that any one should name a Pope in the Kingdome of England without or besides his license or election and whosoever would wrest from him the power of this dignity should do all one as if he had endeavoured to take his Crown from him If therefore thou recivest the same Vrban or aeny other for Pope in my Kingdome or holdest him being received thou doest against the faith and allegiance which thou owest to me neither dost thou offend mee lesse in this than if thou shouldest endeavour to take my Crown from me Wherefore know that thou shalt have no share or portion in my Kingdome if I shall not see thee by open assertions to deny all subjection and obedience to Vrban at my desire Which he refusing to doe the Bishops and Noblemen sent to him from the King told him Tha● the whole Kingdome complained against him that he endeavoured to take away from their common Lord the dignity of his Empire and his Crowne For whosoever deprives him of the customes of his Royall dignity takes away his Crown and Kingdome together with it for one cannot be decently enjoyed without the other So little power had the Pope or Prelates here in England in those times Anno 1234. there was a Councell held at Glocester to which the King sent this Mandate Mandatum est omnibus Episcopis qui conventuri sunt apud Gloucestriam die Sabbati in chrastino Sanctae Catharinae firmiter inhibendo quod sicut Baronias sua quas do lege tenent diligunt nullo modo praesumant Concilium tenere de aliquibus quae ad coronam Regis pertinent vel quae personam Regis vel statum suum vel statum Concilii sui contingunt scituri pro certò quod si fecerint Rex inde se capiet ad Baronias suas Teste Rege apud Hereford 23. Novembris c. Anno 1237. in the Councel held at London under Otho the Popes Legate the King sent the Earle of Lincolne with others to the Legate sitting in Councell with an Inhibition in the Kings name to determine of nothing against the Crowne and Dignity Ut dicto Legato writes Matthew Paris ex parte Regis Regni inhiberent ne ibi contra Regiam coronam dignitatem aliquid statuere attemptaret and William de Reel one of the Messengers remained in the Convocation house to see this Inhibition observed clothed in a Canonicall Cap and Surplis the others departing thence So in 26. Hen. 3. rot 21. 9. E. 1. rot 2. 11. E. 2. rot 10 18. E. 3. rot 21. in the Tower and in many other Records I finde a generall Prohibition usually directed to the Convocation the Prelates and Clergie therein such loyall subjects usually were they Ne quid attemptarent contra jus Regium Ne quid statuant contra Regem in Concilio suo Ne aliquid tentetur contra Coronam Regis in congregan●ione Cleri c. the King confining them of what to treat and conclude of what not to entermeddle without his speciall license Not to mention That our Kings have frequently prescribed the Convocation what Subsidies they should grant and how they have handled them in case they refused to grant them The Statute of 25. H. 8. c. 19. Records ` That the Clergie of the Realm of England submitting themselves to the Kings Majesty then promised in verbo Sacerdotii that they would never from thenceforth presume to attempt alleadge claime or put in ure or enact promulge or execute any new Canons Constitutions Ordinance provinciall or other by whatsoever other name they shall be called in the Convocation unlesse the Kings most Royall assent and Licence may to them he had to make promulge and execute the same and that His Majesty doe give His most Royall assent and authority in that behalfe And thereupon enacts according to the sayd submission and petition of the Clergie that they assembled together in Convocation ne any of them to wit in their severall Visitations Synods Constitutions Chapters from henceforth Shall presume to alleadge claime or put in ure any Constitutions or Ordinances provinciall or Synodals or any other Canons nor shall Enact Promulge or execute any such Canons Constitutions or Ordinance provinciall by what name or names they may be called in Convocation for time to come unlesse the sayd Clergy may have the Kings most Royall assent and licence to make promulge and execute such Canons Constitutions and Ordinances provinciall or Synodall upon pain of every one of the said Clergy doing the contrary to this being thereof Convict to suffer imprisonment and make fine at the Kings will Hence the whole Clergy of England in their Booke entituled The Institution of a Christian man dedicated to K. Henry the eight Anno 1543. subscribed with all their names in a Convocation Chapter of Orders acknowledge this sovereign jurisdiction of the Prince

Edward the 6. his Reigne are most punctuall and pegnant evidences hereof as namely 1. Edw. 6. ch 11. For administring the Sacrament in both kindes therein proved necessary by sundry Texts of Scripture and punishing such persons as shall unreverently speake against the Sacrament with Temporall and Ecclesiasticall censures ch 2. concerning the election and creation of Bishops by the Kings Letters Patents and what Processe and Seales they shall use declaring that they have no Ecclesiasticall jurisdiction but meerely from the King ch 9. For uniting certaine Churches within the City of Yorke ch 12. which abolisheth Sanctuaries and Clergy in some cases 2. and 3. E. 6. ch 1. For the Vniformity of service and the administration of the Sacraments throughout the Realme ch 13. For the true payment of Tythes ch 19. For abstinence from flesh ch 20. Concerning Recusants ch 23. For positive Lawes made against the Mariage of Priests ch 23. The repeale of a Statute touching Precontracts of Mariage 3. and 4. E. 6. ch 10. For the abolishing and putting away of diverse superstitious Popish Books and Images chap. 11. That the Kings Majesty may nominate and appoint 32. persons halfe Clergy-men and halfe Laymen to peruse and make Ecclesiasticall Lawes ch 12. For the manner of Ordaining Ecclesiasticall Ministers and Consecrating Bishops ch 15. Against fond and phantasticall Prophecies 5. and 6. E. 6. ch 1. For the uniformity of Common Prayer and administration of the Sacraments ch 3. For the keeping of Holy-dayes and Fasting dayes ch 4. Against fighting and quarelling in Churches and Church-Yards ch 12. For the lawfulnesse of Priests Mariage and legitimation of their children chap. 13. Touching Religious persons and c. 23. Against Vsurie All these are clearely Ecclesiasticall Acts yet made by Parliament The Statutes in Queene Maries Reigne though of a different Religion from her brother and a zealous Pontifician sufficiently evidence the jurisdiction of our Princes and Parliaments in matters of the Church and Religion witnesse 1. Mar. Parl. 1. Ses 2. Chap. 2. Repealing diverse acts-made touching Religion in King Edward the 6. his Raigne and setting up Masse and the old Lyturgies againe chap. 2. Against Offendors of Preachers and other Ministers in the Church or Church-Yard or interrupting them in their Sermons or saying Masse under paine of imprisonment fines and Ecclesiasticall censures chap. 15. For re-edifying the parish Church of Saint Ellins in Stangate 1. Mariae Par. 2. c. 1. Declaring That the Regall power of this Realme is in the Queenes Majesty as fully and absolutely as ever it was in any of her most Noble Progenitors Kings of this Realme chap. 3. Being an Act of Repeale of two severall acts in the 7. yeare of King Edward the 6. touching the dissolution of the Bishoprick of Durham Chap. 9. Touching Ordinances Rules c. in Cathedrall Churches and Schooles c. 10. Repealing a statute for the uniting of the parish Churches of Onger and Greensted in the County of Essex 1. and 2. Phil. and Mary chap. 6. For the reviving of three Statutes made for the punishment Of Heresies and that with forseiture of Lands imprisonment and death in some cases chap. 8. Intituled an Act repealing all Statutes Articles and provisions made against the See Apostolike of Rome since the 20. yeare of King H. 8. and restoring the Bishops with their Courts offices the Pope himselfe to their former usurped jurisdictions in England ratifying this Popes very Bulles and dispensations to make them valid and setling the whole affaires of the Church of England chap. 9. 20. For the punishing of traiterous Sermons and Prayers against the Queene chap. 17. Concerning leases of some spirituall persons and 2. and 3. Phil. and Mary chap. 4. For the extinguishment of first fruits c. All Ecclesiasticall Statutes In Queen Elizabeths happy Raigne there are sundry Statutes abundantly manifesting her own and the Parliaments supreame Iurisdictions and Legislative power in matters of Religion Church-government Discipline c. as namely 1 Eliz. c. 1. An Act restoring to the Crowne the ancient Jurisdiction OVER THE STATE ECCLESIASTICALL SPIRITVALL and abolishing all fortaigne power repugnant to the same which gives the Queen her heires and successors all manner of Ecclesiasticall Iurisdiction in and over all Ecclesiasticall persons and causes and power to correct redresse and reform all manner of HERESIE SCHISME ERRORS ABVSES OFFENCES ECCLESIASTICALL prescribes the oath of Supremacy which all are to take and most Independents have formerly taken wherein they do utterly testifie and declare in their consciences that the Queen and her Successours are the onely supreame Governours of this Realme and other their Dommions as well IN ALL SPIRITVALL OR ECCLESIASTICALL THINGS OR CAVSES as temporall c. which jurisdiction of theirs they sweare to their power to assist and defend Which oath if any refuse to take hee shall forseit all his Ecclesiasticall promotions and temporall offices This Act likewise abolisheth the Popes jurisdiction under pain of a praemunire and other mulcts against the maintainers of it It determines what shall be adjudged HERESIE and what not namely Only such matter and cause as heretofore hath been determined ordered and adjudged to be heresie by the authority of the Canonicall Scriptures o● by the first foure generall-Councels or any of them or by any other generall Councell wherein the same was declared heresie by the expresse and plain words of the Canonicall Scripture or such as hereafter shall be ordered IVDGED OR DETERMINED TO BE HERESIE BY THE HIGH COVRT OF PARLIAMENT OF THIS REALME with the assent of the Clergy in their Convocation to wit by way of assistance and advice cumulatively not negatively as if their assent were simply necessary So as by this Act the Parliament is made the sole proper Iudge what is or shal be reputed punished as heresie what not how it shal be punished the highest point of Ecclesiasticall jurisdiction Ch. 2. For the uniformity of Common prayer and service in the Church and administration of the Sacraments enjoyning conformity under temporall and Ecclesiasticall punishments is an irrefragable proofe of the Parliaments Ecclesiasticall power in all Church matters and 1 Eliz. c. 3. 4. 6. 5 Eliz. c. 1. For the assurance of the Queens royall power over all States and Subjects within her Highnesse Dominions ch 23. For the due executing of Writs de Excommunicato capiendo ch 28. For translating of the Bible and divine Service into the Welch tongue 8 Eliz. c. 1. Declaring the manner of making and Corsecrating the Archbishops Bishops and Ministers of this Realm to be good lawfull and perfect ratifying the Booke of common Prayer and of Ordination together with the Queens Soveraigne Ecclesiasticall Authority 13 Eliz. c. 2. Against the bringing in and putting in execution of Bulls and other instruments of the See of Rome chap. 8. Against Usury ch 19. concerning Dilapidations c. 12. To reforme certain disorders touching Ministers of the Church ratifying the 39.