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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	alexander_n	edward_n	king_n	2,766	5	5.1318	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57667	Pansebeia, or, A view of all religions in the world with the severall church-governments from the creation, to these times : also, a discovery of all known heresies in all ages and places, and choice observations and reflections throughout the whole / by Alexander Ross.	Ross, Alexander, 1591-1654.; Haestens, Henrick van.; Davies, John, 1625-1693.	1655 (1655)	Wing R1972_pt1; Wing R1944_pt2; ESTC R216906	502,923	690

who were of the Cistentian Order They wear a black Garment with a red Crosse the revenue of their Master is forty thousand Crowns yearly they are enjoyned by their rule to sleep in their cloathes girded to be silent in the Chappel Hall Kitchen and Dormitory to eat flesh but on Sundays Tuesdays and Thursdays and but of one kinde and but once a day and must fast Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays from the exaltation of the Crosse till Easter if they be at home If any lay violent hands on them they shall be excommunicated In the Lands that they shall acquire from the Saracens it shall not be lawful for any to build Churches or Chappels without leave from the Knights who also may chuse their own Clergy other immunities and priviledges they have as may be seen in the Confirmation or Bull of Pope Innocent the third which is extant in the Second Book of his Decretal Epistles The Knights of Saint Iames in Spain were instituted under Pope Alexander the third who confirmed this order and were to follow Saint A●tins rule The first Master was Peter Ferdinand whose yearly revenue is one hundred and fifty thousand Crownes They were instituted Anno 1170. the great Master i● next to the King in power and state they wea● both in Peace and Wars a Purple Crosse before thei● Breast resembling the Hilts of a two-handed Sword called Spatha therefore these Knights are called Milites S. Iacobi de Spatho and the order from Compostella is named Compostellanus Many other orders of Knight-hood there are in Chrisstendom as of Saint George in England of Saint Andrew in Scotland of Saint Michael in France of the Lilly in Nava● of Saint Mark in Venice of the Dove in Castile of the Golden Fleece in Burgundy of Saint Maurice in Savoy of Saint Stephen in Tuscany and many more which are rather Secular then Religious Knights Th●●●st of which may be seen in our continuation of Sir Walter Raleighs History to be sold at the Grey-hound in Little Britain London the edition which I owne Q. 11. What were the Orders of Mendicant Friers A. Of these were four sorts namely Augustinians Carmelites Praedicants and Minorits The Augustinians were erected by William Duke of A●nitania ●bout the year 1150. from whom they were named ●uilehelmits but afterwards Pope Innocent the fourth understanding that their were many sorts of Eremiles in divers parts of the world living under different title● and rules he invited them to live under one ●●●d and to professe one rule to wit that of Saint Austin But this Pope dying in the interim Alexander the fourth succeeded to whom Saint Austin appeareth in a vision having a great head but small links by this he is warned to perfect the Union which 〈◊〉 began which he did accordingly and so he 〈…〉 all in own order and calls them by one 〈◊〉 to wit the Eremites of Saint Austin whose rule he commanded they should follow and be subject to one General Prior and so dispensed with their former rules and obse●vances Withall he enjoynes them to forsake the Desares and to live in Cities that they might ●each the people To this end he gave them divers priviledges and so did He●erius the fourth about the year of Christ 1290. They wear a black coat with a hood of the same colour and under a white short coat a l●●thren girdle with ●orn buckles They came into England Anno 1252. before Alexanders vision and by their sermons in deavoured to advance King Richard the third his title against the heirs of King Edward These Eremites did spread so fast through the world that there were reckoned of this order about 200● Covents These Monks have three rules to which they are bound given them by Saint Austin as they say The first is that they possesse nothing in property but have all things in common that they be not sollicitous what they shall eat or drink or wherewith they shall be cloathed That none be admitted without triall That none depart of carrie any thing out of the Monastery without the Superiors leave That no man maintain any point of Doctrine without ac●●ainting the S●perior with it That secret faults be first reproved and if not repented of punished In Persecution let them repair to their Praepositus Their Second rule contains the times and manner of their praying and singing their times of working reading and refreshing of their obedience silence and behavior both at home and a broad and how contumacy must be punished The third rule contains their duties more largely as that they must love God above all things that they maintain unity that ●●eat drink and cloth be distributed as need is that all things be common that there be not pride contempt or rain glory amongst them here they are enjoyned to prayer reverence devotion abstinence 〈…〉 to hear the word read at table to be 〈◊〉 of the sick and infirm to be modest in apparre worth and gesture in their looks when they 〈◊〉 to see a woman to reprove immodesty in their Brothers to receive no letters nor guifts without the Superiors knowledge to have their cloathes well kept from moths to beware of murmuring and repining that to conceal any thing shall be counted● theft that they be not too nice an washing them cloathes That in sicknesse the Physitian be advised with That they may bathe sometimes That the● sick want not any thing needfull for him That there be not strife envy nor evil words among them That the Superior use not harsh words in reproving That he shew good example to his Brothers in holy conversation That he be wise humble and careful of his charge and that the duties here enjoyned may be the better performed these rules must be read once every week which rules are followed and observed not onely by all the Canon Regula●s and the Eremites of Saint Austins order but also by the Mendicants except the Minors and likewise by the Dominicans the Servants of our Lady the Bridgidians Iesuati Canons● Regular of Saint George Montolihetenses Eremites of Saint Hierom Hieronymites simply Cruciferi Scopetini Hospita●arii St A●●onii Trinitatis Servitae Feruerii Ferie●● or of Saint Iohn of Ierusalem Cruciferii with the Star the Friers of Saint Peter the confessor de Magella Sepulchritae or Brothers of the Lords Sepulchre The Friers of the V●lliseholarii Victoriani Gilbertini The Eremites of Saint Paul whom some think to be all one with the Augustinians Fratres de ●oei●ite●tia Coronati● The Knights of Saint Iames de Spatha and divers 〈◊〉 who notwithstanding differ in their habits exercises and manner of living Q● 12. What were the C●●meli●es A. These were Eremites whose habitation was in Caves and Rocks within the hill Carmel famous for the Prophetes Elias and Elisha About the year of Christ 1160. or as others say 11●1 Almericus Patriarch of Antioch and the Popes Lega● came thither and gathered these

of the Cloyster they wear a black cloak with a black hat There be two orders more of this name the one wear white the other blew they abstain from flesh except in their sicknesse and are not tied by vow to their profession The Mendicants of Saint Hierom were iustituted by Carolus Florentinus Anno 1407. and are confirmed by Gregory the twelfth They professe Saint Austins rule they wear dark-coloured cloathes and over their coat a pleated cloak divided they use a leathern girdle and wooden shooes The Canons of Lateran make Saint Austin their Author these were expulsed Saint Iohn Lateran by Pope Calixtus after they had been seated there by Eugeuius the fourth who expolled the Seculars thence but Paul the second called back the Regulars and by degrees expelled the Seculars Their cloak Scapulars and hood are black The order of the Holy Ghost was instituted neer Venice by Gabriel of Sp●letum Anno 1407. they use the same habit that the Canons Regular doe wear The Brothers of Saint Ambrose ad Nemus were instituted at Milan and confirmed Anno 1433. They wear dark-coloured cloathes and profess Saint Austins rule The Minimi of Iesu Maria were instituted by one Francis Paula a Cicilian Anno 1471. he made three rules one for the brothers another for the Sisters and the third for both Sexes called Tertiarii He would have the Brothers to be called Minimi and the Sisters Minimae to teach them humility They were enjoyned to keep the Ten Commandements to observe the Church Laws to obey the Pope and to persevere in their Vowes of Chastity Poverty Obedience and Fasting This order was allowed by Iulius the second Innoce●● the eighth Sixtus the fourth Alexander the sixth and Leo the tenth They abstain altogether from flesh they wear onely corse linnen and wander up an● down bare-headed and bare-foote Q. 24. What Orders of Knighthood were there erecte● in Christendome after the year 1400 A. The Knights of the Annunciation of Mary by Amadeus the fifth Earle of Savoy and first Duke thereof Anno 1420. of this order we have already spoken The ord●● of Maurician Knights was instituted by Amadeus the seventh Anno 1490. to the honour of Saint Maurice whose Ring was delivered to Peter Earle of Savoy that by him it might be conveyed to his successors as a badge of their right to and soveraignity over that Country The Knights of the Golden Fleece were instituted by Philip the good Duke of Burgundy and Father to Charles whom the Switzers defeated and flew This Philip on his wedding day with Isabel the King of Portugals daughter erected this order Anno 1429. which he called by the name of the Golden Fleece in memory of Iason and those other worthies who ventured their lives for that Golden Fleece to encourage Christians to venture their lives like couragious Argonautes for the defence and honour of the Catholike Church There were appoynted thirty one Knights of this order the chief whereof was the Duke of Burgundy now the Kings of Spain are chief in right of that Dukedome Of these Knights we have spoken already in our History of the world in the impression by me owned as before is mentioned The Knights of the Moon were instituted by Reiner Duke of Anjou when he obtained the Kingdom of Sieily Anno 1464. These Knights wore a silver half Moon on their arme and were bound to defend one another in all dangers and never to fall at variance among themselves The Knights of Saint Michael the Arch-Angel were instituted by Lewis the French King Anno 1469. These wear a Golden Chain at which hanged the image of Saint Michael treading on the infernal Dragon This picture his Father Charles the seventh wore in his banners and it is worne by his posterity in memory of Saint Michael who was seen in the battel at the bridge of Orleans fighting against the English whom he forced to raise their siedge The King appoynted there should be of this order 36. Knights whereof himself should be the first They are tied to hear Mass every day The Knights of Saint Stephen were instituted by Cosmo Dake of Florence and confirmed by Pope Pius the fourth Anno 1561. in imitation of the Knights of Malta They differ from the Ioannites that instead of a white they wear a red Crosse set in Gold They may also marry once which the Ioannites could not do Their seat is in Ilua an Island in the Ligustick Sea They are called Saint Stephens Knights not from Stephen the first Martyr but from Stephen Bishop of Florence who was Canonised or from Pope Stephen The Knights of the holy Spirit were instituted by Henry the French King Anno 1579. Of the Knights of Saint George in England or of the Garter instituted by King Edward the third Anno 1351. and of the Knights of the Star set up by King Iohn the first of France in memory of that Star which appeared at Christs Nativity the Knights also of Jesus Christ in Portugal and of the Knights of Alcanthara in Castile we have already spoken He that wll see more let him read Panuinius in Chron. Sabellicus Enne 9. Crantzius L. 9. Frank in Chron. Polyd. L. 7. Volaterran L. 2● Girard Hist. L. 15. Balaus Cent. 5. Heuterus L. 4. re● Burgund Tilius Hist. Franc. Genebrard in Chron. Hospinian de orig Monach. and the continuation of Sir Walter Raleighs History of the World in the edition by we owned to be sold by I. S. at the Grey-hound in Little Britaine London c. The Contents of the Eleventh Section Of Religions Orders and opinions from the year 1500. till this day 2. The order of Jesuites 3. Of their general rules 4. Of their other rules 5. Of their rules for Provests of houses Rectors of Colledges c. 6. Of their rules for Travellers Ministers Admonitors c. 7. Of their priviledges granted by Popes 8. Of other Orders in the Church of Rome 9. How Abbots are consecrated at this time 10. Wherein the Christian Orders of Knight-hood differ 11. Of other Orders of Knight-hood besides the French 12. of the Orders of Knight-hood in Germany Hungary Bohemia Poland c. 13. The Orders of Knight-hood in Italy 14. Of the Christian Military Orders in the East SECT XI Quest. 1. WHat Religious Orders and opinions in Religion are there sprung up in these latter times that is from the year 1500. till this day in the Christian World A. In the year 1500. started up a new order called Poor Pilgrims these came out of Italy into Germany bare-foote and bare-headed some covered their bodies with linnen others with gray cloth carrying every one in his hand a wooden Crosse but without scrip or bag staff or money drinking neither Wine nor Beere feeding all the week except on Sundays upon Herbs and Rootes sprinkled with salt they abstained altogether from Egges Butter Milk Cheese Fish and Flesh. In

order six and thirty Knights The order of Saint Magdalen was instituted by Iohn Chesnel a Noble Gentleman of France An. 1614. out of a Godly zeal to reclaim the French from their quarrels duels and other sins that by remembring the repentance of Mary Magdalen they might with her learn to repent The Crosse which might serve to wear on the cloak or about the neck had at three ends three Flowers de Luce the foot stood in a Crescent in the middest was the shape of Magdalen the Croffe is beset with Palm● to shew this order was instituted to encourage Voyages to the Holy Land within the Palmes are Sun beames and foure Flowers de Luce to shew the glory of the French Nation The Knights are tied by their vow to abandon all hazardous gaming blasphemie reading of prohibited and vicious Books c. Their habit is of skie-colour Their Collar is made up of the letter M. doubled with L. and A. to expresse Mary Magdalen King Lewis and Queen Anne interlaced with double hearts wounded with darts of Gold crossed the Ribband is Crimson from which hangs an Oval having Mary Magdalen on the one side and Saint Lewis on the other The device about the Oval on the cloak is L' amour de Dieu est pacifique They had a house allotted them neer Paris wherein were ordinarily five hundred Knights bound to stay there during two years probation at the end of which they shall take the Oath of the order of charity obedience and conjugal chastity they must also abjure all duells quarrels and assasinates The Knights that live abroad shall meet every year at their house called the lodging royal on Mary Magdalens Festival day to communicate and to give an account of their actions to the Great Master The Knights that live in the house must on all Sundays and Festivals be assistant at Divine Service the Knights have their Academy for all kinde of exercise But this order as it began so it ended in the person of Chesnel The order of Bretaigne or of the Hermine and Ears of Corne was instituted by Francis Duke of Bretaigne Anno 1450. it was called of the Ears of Corne because the Golden Collar was made in the form of Ears of Corne at the end of which hung by three small Golden chains a little white beast called an Hermine his word or Motto was A Ma Vie intimating that whilest he lived he would preserve his courage purity and integrity resembled by the Ermine which is so loth to defile his white skin by running through durty and boggy places when he is hunted that he will rather suffer himself to be caught whose skin is in great request for Furs This order consisteth of five and twenty Knights of the Ears of Corne so called to signifie that Princes should be careful to preserve Husbandry Q. 11. What other orders of Knight-hood were there in Christendome besides those of the French A. In Flanders was instituted the order of the Golden Fleece by Duke Philip in the City of Bruges Anno 1429. in memory of the great revenues which he raised by Traffique of Wooles or else in memory of Gideons Fleece or of the Golden Fleece at Colchos This order consisted of thirty Knights the Duke being chief The Great Collar was made of double Fusiles enterwoven with Stones and Flints sparkling flames of fire The Flints were the Armes of the ancient Kings of Burgundy the Flames did signifie the swiftnesse fiercenesse and terror these Knights should shew to their enemies to this purpose was this Motto Ante ferit quam flamma micet From the Collar hung a Golden Fleece The Patron of this order was Saint Andrew The Knights were to keep three Festivals on the first day they wore Scarler to shew that Heaven and Glory is got by Martyrdom and effusion of Blood On the second day black to shew their grief for the dead The third day white Damask to shew their purity The order of the Garter was instituted in England Anno 1347. by King Edward the third consisting of five and twenty Knights under the Patronage of Saint George The great Collar was of Gold composed of white and red crosses knit in manner of true love knots instead of which knots the Thistles of Scotlands order were combined by King Iames who united the two orders as he did the Kingdoms From the Collar hangeth Saint George on Horse-Back with the Dragon at his feet In England were instituted the Knights of the Bath by King Henry the fourth as some write who made six and forty Knights who having their several Chambers in the Tower watched and bathed themselves on Saturday night and on Sunday they were made Knights At high Masse in the evening before the Ceremony they were cloathed with gray cloth like Eremites to shew they were willing to renounce the world for Christ the next day they swear To love God defend the Church honour the King and to protest the oppressed and then they lay aside their Monks habit and are richly cloathed then they mount on Horse-back having on the front-stale the signe of the Crosse and so they ride to the King who girdeth them with the Girdle and Sword and commandeth two ancient Knights to put on their Gilded Spurs At dinner they wait on the King after which they present their Swords to God on the high Altar and redeem them again with mony These and other Ceremonies of the Knights Batchelors or of the Bath may be seen at large in our own Histories The order of the Thistle or of Saint Andrew in Scotland was instituted by King Achaius who made a League offensive and defensive with Charles the Great Anno 809. The Collar is made up of Thistles and Rue the one being full of prickles and not to be touched without hurting the skin the other is good against Serpents and poyson The Motto is Nemo me impure lacessit intimating that he wanted not power to defend himself and offend his enemies At the Collar hangeth the picture of Saint Andrew with his Crosse. The order of the Lilly or of Navarre was instituted by Prince Garcia the sixth of that name in the City of Nagera Anno 1048. where the Image of the Virgin Mary issuing out of a Lilly was discovered in the time of the Kings sicknesse who thereupon suddenly recovered his health and in token of gratitude instituted the order of Knights of Saint Mary of the Lilly consisting of eight and thirty Knights whereof he was chief They sware to expose goods and fortunes to preserve the Kingdom of Navarre and to expel the Moores Each of these weareth● Lilly on his breast made of silver and a double chaine of Gold interlaced with this Gothish letter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which stands for Mary At the end of the chaine hangeth a Flower de Luce carrying the same letter crowned The Knights are tied to divers services and prayers to confesse

Saint Austins Monks and of his Eremites He as we said before wore on his naked body a Coat of Males his bed was a hard board without either straw or coverlid with often kneeling kissing of the ground and beating it with his forehead and nose he made his hands and knees hard like a Callus or Corn and his nose crooked This order at first was ruled by a Prior afterward Pope Iohn 22. gave them an Abbot The Carthusians or Charter Friers were instituted by Bruno born in Collen and professor of Philosophy in Paris about the year of Christ 1080. upon this occasion being present at the singing of the office for his fellow Professor now dead a man highly reputed for his holy life the dead corps suddenly sitteth up in the Beer and crieth out I am in Gods just judgements condemned these words it uttered three several days at which Bruno was so affrighted that a man held so pious was damned what would become of himself and many more therefore concluded there was no safety for him but by forsaking the world hereupon he with six of his scholars betook themselves to a hideous place for dark woods high hills rocks and wilde beasts in the Province of Dolphinie neer Grenoble the place was called Carthusia whence his Monks took their name and there built a Monastery having obtained the ground of Hugo Bishop of Grenoble who also became a Monk of that order By their rule these Monks should wear sack-cloth or a hair shirt next their skin a long white cloth-coat loose with a hood and a black cloak over when they walke abroad The Lay-Brothers wear a short coat to their knees They eat no flesh at all they buy no fish but eat them when offered they eat branny bread and drink wine mingled with water On the Lords day and fifth day of the week they feed onely upon cheese and egges On the third day or Saturday on pulse or pot-herbs on the second fourth and sixth upon bread and water onely Every one dresseth his own meat they eat apart and but once a day Yet on the chief Festivals of Christmasse Easter Whitsuntide Epiphany Purification the twelve Apostles Iohn Baptist Michael Martin and all-Saints they eat twice a day and together at one Table and then may talk together at other times they must keep silence every one hath his own cell wherein they pray read meditate and write books and in these cells they observe the Canonical hours but their Mattins and Vespers they keep in their Churches and have Masse on these days wherein they eat twice They are not suffered to go abroad except the Prior and Procurator and that upon the affairs of the Covent They are limited to enjoy a certain quantity of land a certain number of sheep goats and asses which they must not exceed They must admit no women into their Churches nor were they to have in one Covent above twelve Religious me● besides the Prior and eighteen Converts or Lay-Brothers with a few servants who are not to come into the Quire where the Prior and his brothers sit but these are in a lower Quire by themselves They never admit any again into their society who once leaves them These were the ancient rules to which they were tyed but in some things are fallen off now the Monks of this order have a meeting or chapter yearly at Carthusia about their own affairs hither two Monks out of every Cloyster do repaire where they stay fourteen days this order was confirmed by Pope Alexander the third An. 1178. they came into England An. 1180. and seated themselves at Witham neer Bath Q. 4. What were the Monks of Saint Anthony of Vienna the Cistertians Bernardins and Humiliati A. About the year of Christ 1095. Saint Anthonies Monks of Vienna were set up by Gastho and Gerondus two Noble men of that place and were to live according to Saint Austins rule of which we have already said The Cistertians began about the year 1098. by one Robert Abbot of Molismenia who as we have said taking offence at the loose lives of the Benedictines by the perswasion of Steven Harding an Englishman forsook that society and being accompanied with one and twenty other Monks came to Cistertium in Burgundy where they erected their Covent Here they resolved to stick close to the rule of Saint Bennet and to cut off all the superfluities of apparrel and dyer introduced by the loose Monks of that order and because they did not find that Saint Bennet ever possessed Churches Altars Oblations Tythes and Sepultures or that he had Mills Farmes or that he ever suffered Women to enter into his Covent or that he buried there any except his own Sister therefore they meant to abandon all these things and to professe poverty with Christ they would not suffer their Monks to meddle with Husbandry or any secular affairs and with Saint Bennet they ordered that their Monastery should consist but of twelve Monks and an Abbot They must keep silence except it be to the Abbot or Prior. If any Monk run away from his Monastery he must be forced back again by the Bishop The Cistertiant must be contented with two coats and two hoods they must work with their hands and observe strictly their fasts they must salute strangers by bowing their head and body and in imitation of Christ must wash their feet No Fugitive is to be received into the Covent after the third time The Abbots Table must be furnished for strangers This order was confirmed by Pope Vrban the second An. 1100. and came into England An. 1132. Their colour was gray whence in the beginning they were named Grisei The Bernardines so called from Saint Bernard Abbot of Clarivallis were the same with the Cistertians but that as we said before they wear a black coat over a white cloak Yet on festivals they wear the Cistertian habit to shew whence they came The Bernardines and Cistertians are not subject to Advocats or Bishops And Pope Alexander the third ordered that if the Bishop refused to blesse the Abbot he may receive benediction from his own Monks The Humiliati arose in Germany about the year of Christ 1164. in the time of Frederick Barbar●ssa who in his Wars against Lambardie brought captive thence into Germany multitudes of men with their Wives and Children these growing weary of their long exile cloath themselves in white and approaching to the Emperour fall down at his feet begging pardon for their delinquency from this posture they were called Humiliati the Emperour being moved with their tears and habit gave them leave to return home into their Country who being returned resolved to live a Monastical life therefore they built Monasteries in which they gave themselves to prayer fasting meditation and making of cloth Innocent the third did first ratifie this order and then their succeeding Popes They wear a plain coat a Scopular and a white