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cold_a rarify_v and_o expand_v the_o air_n what_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v the_o natural_a state_n of_o it_o in_o reference_n to_o rarity_n and_o density_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o questionable_a what_o place_n be_v most_o fit_a to_o determine_v its_o natural_a state_n since_o the_o state_n of_o it_o be_v not_o only_o different_a in_o several_a country_n but_o in_o those_o place_n at_o different_a time_n and_o that_o the_o change_n as_o to_o the_o density_n or_o rarity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v very_o frequent_a appear_v by_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n gravity_n evident_a in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n hereafter_o to_o be_v deliver_v air._n a_o force_a state_n the_o natural_a state_n of_o the_o air._n but_o further_o except_o the_o state_n of_o the_o air_n be_v say_v to_o be_v preternatural_a only_o in_o a_o relative_n sense_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o state_n it_o be_v in_o
it_o become_v very_o violent_a referentes_fw-la balbini_n hist_o bohem._n l._n 1._o c._n 9_o demontibus_fw-la &_o the_o valle_o lavezka_n p._n 29._o chanowsky_n in_o vestigio_fw-la boh._n piae_fw-la c._n ult_n montes_n parte_fw-la eltera_fw-la aestatem_fw-la altera_fw-la hicmem_fw-la referentes_fw-la de_fw-fr montibus_fw-la ad_fw-la bavariam_n stantibus_fw-la mira_fw-la est_fw-la alberti_fw-la chanowii_fw-la nostri_fw-la narratio_fw-la post_fw-la bergreichensteinam_fw-la oppidum_fw-la fodinis_fw-la hodieque_fw-la nobile_fw-la esse_fw-la montes_fw-la non_fw-la tam_fw-la situ_fw-la alii_fw-la enim_fw-la ad_fw-la septentrionem_fw-la alii_fw-la ad_fw-la meridiem_fw-la latus_fw-la obvertunt_fw-la quam_fw-la coelo_fw-la &_o temporibus_fw-la adversantes_fw-la vallibus_fw-la latissimis_fw-la montes_fw-la illos_fw-la dirimentibus_fw-la monstri_fw-la instar_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la se_fw-la vidisse_fw-la &_o anno_fw-la 1639._o in_fw-la rem_fw-la praesentem_fw-la venisse_fw-la religiosissimus_fw-la ille_fw-la &_o apostolicus_n vir_fw-la asserit_fw-la in_fw-la altero_fw-la monte_fw-fr saepius_fw-la aestatem_fw-la in_fw-la altero_fw-la apposito_fw-la hiemem_fw-la dominari_fw-la it_o a_o ille_fw-la succus_fw-la aestivat_fw-la hic_fw-la altissimis_fw-la nivibus_fw-la obsitus_fw-la à _fw-la viatore_fw-la superari_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la ob_fw-la eamque_fw-la causam_fw-la mess_n ipsae_fw-la variant_n &_o dumb_a in_o montibus_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la obversis_fw-la demessa_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la ibid._n id._n ibid._n altera_fw-la montium_fw-la parte_fw-la seges_fw-la virescit_fw-la mirius_n illud_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o biessinentibus_fw-la &_o czachroviensibus_fw-la agris_fw-la in_o tractu_fw-la plsnensi_fw-la contiguis_fw-la quos_fw-la unus_fw-la tantum_fw-la sulcus_fw-la dirimit_fw-la ac_fw-la dividit_fw-la deprehenditur_fw-la czachrovienses_fw-la adhuc_fw-la hibernant_a cum_fw-la in_o biessinensi_fw-la coelum_fw-la ardeat_fw-la ibi_fw-la caput_fw-la attollit_fw-la humo_fw-la frumentum_fw-la cum_fw-la czachrovii_n adolescit_fw-la in_o culmum_fw-la clemento_fw-la quoque_fw-la dispari_fw-la illud_fw-la riget_fw-la hoc_fw-la tepet_fw-la &_o ferveâ—_n eâque_fw-la ex_fw-la causâ_fw-la dum_fw-la czachrovienses_fw-la bene_fw-la pelliti_fw-la ingrediuntur_fw-la biessinenses_n pellibus_fw-la onerari_fw-la se_fw-la sentiunt_fw-la villosque_fw-la deponunt_fw-la aliquid_fw-la tale_n anno_fw-la 1652._o mihi_fw-la quoque_fw-la accidisse_fw-la memini_fw-la nam_fw-la cum_fw-la glacio_fw-la zambergam_fw-la in_o bohemia_n contenderem_fw-la &_o glacio_fw-la ob_fw-la nives_fw-la altissimas_fw-la certum_fw-la vehiculi_fw-la genus_fw-la quod_fw-la trahas_fw-la dicimus_fw-la sumpsissem_fw-la superatis_fw-la montibus_fw-la qui_fw-la comitatum_fw-la glacensem_fw-la à _fw-la bohemia_n dividunt_fw-la subitò_fw-la alia_fw-la rerum_fw-la facies_fw-la apparuit_fw-la altero_fw-la enim_fw-la montium_fw-la latere_fw-la viridia_fw-la omne_fw-la reperimus_fw-la sic_fw-la ut_fw-la trahae_n nulli_fw-la jam_fw-la rei_fw-la &_o usui_fw-la essent_fw-la &_o currum_fw-la petere_fw-la cogeremur_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o luto_fw-la natare_fw-la placuisset_fw-la at_o accolae_fw-la montium_fw-la illorum_fw-la quotannis_fw-la id_fw-la sibi_fw-la accidere_fw-la confirmabant_fw-la ut_fw-la unum_fw-la latus_fw-la montium_fw-la profundissimae_fw-la nives_fw-la contegerent_n quando_fw-la alterum_fw-la latus_fw-la lectissimos_fw-la flores_fw-la proferret_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la ibi_fw-la omne_fw-la ventis_fw-la verti_fw-la viderentur_fw-la apud_fw-la se_fw-la è_fw-la floribus_fw-la suavissimos_fw-la odores_fw-la efflari_fw-la i_o be_v tell_v by_o a_o gentleman_n who_o several_a time_n go_v down_o into_o the_o hungarian_a gold_n mine_n at_o cremonitz_n that_o when_o he_o be_v draw_v up_o the_o groove_n which_o be_v about_o 100_o foot_n deep_a as_o soon_o as_o he_o ascend_v half_o the_o way_n he_o perceive_v the_o air_n sensible_o warm_a which_o continue_v several_a foot_n near_o the_o day_n in_o which_o region_n he_o observe_v several_a vein_n of_o native_a vitriol_n of_o different_a colour_n which_o be_v soft_a under_o ground_n and_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n present_o harden_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o mariner_n i_o be_o tell_v hang_v up_o their_o bottle_n of_o liquor_n in_o a_o linen_n cloth_n that_o the_o wind_n may_v blow_v upon_o it_o by_o which_o mean_v it_o will_v be_v cool_v enough_o to_o make_v it_o fit_a for_o drink_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v so_o violent_a in_o some_o part_n of_o moscovy_n norway_n and_o especial_o at_o mozambique_n that_o it_o often_o set_v the_o very_a house_n on_o fire_n which_o i_o the_o less_o wonder_n at_o in_o the_o latter_a place_n because_o they_o build_v their_o house_n with_o a_o stone_n that_o abound_v with_o sulphur_n viu._n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o zenith_n the_o sandy_a ground_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o they_o can_v scarce_o endure_v to_o tread_v on_o it_o vn_fw-fr gentilhomme_fw-fr de_fw-fr mes_fw-fr s_n plein_fw-fr de_fw-fr merit_n &_o digne_fw-fr de_fw-fr creance_n i_o man_v entre_fw-fr plusieures_fw-fr choses_fw-fr extraordinaires_fw-fr qu'il_fw-fr a_fw-fr obseruées_fw-fr proche_n de_fw-fr barege_fw-la aux_fw-fr pyrenées_n qu'il_fw-fr y_fw-fr a_fw-fr des_fw-fr pont_n de_fw-fr niege_n d'un_fw-fr rocher_n à _fw-fr lautre_fw-fr pardessous_fw-fr les_fw-fr quell_v passent_fw-la des_fw-fr torrent_n il_fw-fr en_fw-fr a_fw-fr vu_fw-fr un_fw-fr qui_fw-fr embrace_v deux_fw-fr torrent_n &_o qui_fw-la a_o vint_fw-fr neuf_fw-fr toise_n de_fw-fr long_a &_o autant_fw-fr de_fw-fr large_a par_fw-fr dessus_fw-fr il_fw-fr y_fw-fr a_fw-fr par_fw-fr dessous_fw-fr ce_fw-fr pont_n neuf_fw-fr toise_n &_o demie_fw-fr entre_fw-fr les_fw-fr naissance_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr voute_fw-fr les_fw-fr pont_n sont_fw-fr tellement_fw-fr fort_n qu'_fw-fr il_fw-fr estime_fw-fr que_fw-fr du_fw-fr canon_n y_fw-fr passeroit_fw-fr &_o il_fw-mi a_o fait_fw-fr rouler_n de_fw-fr gross_v piece_n par_fw-fr dessus_fw-fr le_fw-fr tremblement_n de_fw-fr terre_fw-fr que_fw-fr souffrit_fw-fr la_fw-fr syrie_n l'an_n 750._o ne_fw-fr fut_fw-fr gueres_fw-la moins_fw-fr surprenant_fw-fr puisque_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr s'estant_n ouverte_fw-fr de_fw-fr toutes_fw-fr part_n plusieurs_fw-fr villis_fw-la furent_fw-fr abîmèes_fw-la d'autres_fw-fr renversées_fw-fr &_o quelques_fw-fr unes_fw-fr qui_fw-fr estoient_fw-fr eleuées_fw-fr sur_fw-fr des_fw-fr hauteure_n transportées_fw-fr dans_fw-fr des_fw-fr plain_n eloignées_fw-fr de_fw-fr six_o mille_fw-la de_fw-fr leur_fw-fr situation_n on_o en_fw-fr peut_fw-fr dire_fw-fr autant_fw-fr du_fw-fr froid_fw-fr extreme_a qui_fw-fr l'an_n 753._o glaça_v le_fw-fr pont-euxin_n a_o la_fw-fr longueur_fw-fr de_fw-fr cent_n mille_fw-la &_o toute_fw-fr l'estendue_a de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr voisine_n jusq_fw-la '_o à _fw-fr 30_o condées_fw-fr de_fw-fr profondeur_fw-fr quoy_fw-fr qu'on_n ne_fw-fr fût_fw-fr encore_fw-fr qu'au_fw-fr commencement_n de_fw-fr l'automne_n journal_n de_fw-fr scavans_n iii_o 1685._o it_o be_v the_o custom_n at_o guinea_n to_o cool_v their_o water_n by_o bury_v it_o all_o night_n under_o ground_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v so_o excessive_a cold_a that_o in_o the_o wood_n it_o will_v freeze_v our_o eyelid_n the_o outside_n of_o the_o house_n will_v be_v half_o cover_v with_o snow_n and_o icicles_a will_v hang_v on_o the_o inside_n the_o clothes_n on_o our_o bed_n will_v be_v cover_v with_o a_o hoar_a frost_n and_o water_n which_o stand_v near_o the_o fire_n will_v have_v one_o side_n hot_a and_o the_o other_o freeze_v the_o sea_n will_v be_v freeze_v up_o till_o the_o beginning_n of_o june_n and_o the_o ground_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o july_n capt._n james_n i_o be_v tell_v by_o one_o who_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o picinino_n de_fw-fr medi_fw-la a_o pyrenean_n mountain_n that_o though_o the_o north_n side_n be_v coveree_v with_o snow_n yet_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sunshine_n can_v scarce_o be_v endure_v on_o the_o south_n side_n this_o hill_n be_v so_o high_a that_o it_o may_v be_v see_v from_o montauban_n 27_o league_n distant_a a_o ingenious_a physician_n tell_v i_o that_o though_o jalap_v at_o tangier_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o powder_n yet_o at_o morocco_n it_o be_v so_o melt_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o become_v incapable_a of_o be_v powder_v nell_n capo_fw-la di_fw-it comorino_fw-it si_fw-la termina_fw-la cosi_fw-la in_o esta_fw-es come_v in_o inverno_fw-la dalla_fw-la parte_fw-la di_fw-it la_fw-fr dal_n capo_fw-la verso_fw-it notte_fw-it &_o dal'altra_fw-la parte_fw-la correspond_v illi_fw-la â—â—mpo_fw-la assai_fw-la contrario_fw-la è_fw-it eiverso_fw-it di_fw-it maniera_fw-fr che_fw-it chi_fw-mi va_fw-fr navigando_fw-la per_fw-la quella_fw-it costae_fw-la nel_fw-it mese_fw-it di_fw-it ottobre_n sino_fw-la ad_fw-la aprile_a naviga_fw-la nel_fw-it esta_fw-es è_fw-gr non_fw-it pvo_fw-it in_fw-it tutto_fw-mi questo_fw-la tempo_fw-la passare_fw-la il_fw-fr capo_fw-la per_fw-la esser_fw-it ivi_fw-la la_fw-it stagione_fw-la del_fw-it inverno_fw-it &_o il_fw-fr puere_fw-fr i_o resiede_n nelle_fw-it chies_n ch'_fw-it appartengono_fw-it all_o capo_n di_fw-fr comorino_n ne_fw-fr alcune_fw-fr la_fw-fr state_n il_fw-it che_fw-it e_fw-it cosa_fw-mi di_fw-it grand_fw-mi meraviglia_fw-it essendo_fw-la cio_o nel_fw-it medessimo_fw-la tempo_fw-it nella_fw-it distanza_n sola_fw-la ment_fw-la di_fw-it due_n o_o three_fw-mi miglia_fw-it a_o eminent_a virtuoso_fw-la descend_v into_o a_o mine_n in_o tirol_n 1800_o foot_n deep_a without_o take_v notice_n of_o any_o hot_a region_n by_o the_o way_n and_o at_o the_o bottom_n the_o air_n be_v so_o temperate_a that_o notwithstanding_o what_o be_v say_v of_o antiperistasis_n no_o intense_a cold_a be_v retreat_v thither_o to_o shun_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o superior_a air._n one_o that_o descend_v into_o several_a mine_n in_o england_n
dispose_v to_o influence_n the_o superficial_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o hot_a one_o which_o lie_v under_o it_o appear_v from_o reason_n itself_o and_o may_v be_v further_o confirm_v by_o observe_v that_o even_o water_n in_o freeze_a losâ—â—_n its_o fluidity_n and_o put_v on_o the_o form_n of_o ice_n first_o in_o those_o part_n which_o be_v most_o contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o influence_n of_o external_n cold_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v not_o only_o in_o england_n but_o also_o in_o russia_n that_o if_o wine_n or_o beer_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o cellar_n well_o roof_v over_o and_o about_o twelve_o foot_n deep_a it_o may_v be_v preserve_v from_o freeze_a notwithstanding_o the_o violence_n of_o external_a cold_a where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o warmth_n of_o those_o vault_n do_v not_o only_o depend_v on_o the_o exclusion_n of_o external_n air_n but_o also_o on_o the_o steam_n of_o those_o ferment_a liquor_n together_o with_o some_o subterraneal_a steam_n which_o be_v gather_v there_o and_o hinder_v from_o fly_v away_o proposition_n ii_o ii_o prop._n ii_o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o second_o proposition_n which_o may_v be_v comprise_v in_o the_o two_o follow_a member_n as_o first_o first_o member_n the_o first_o that_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o second_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n seem_v to_o be_v cold_a than_o that_o above_o or_o that_o below_o it_o this_o be_v both_o confirm_v by_o observation_n already_o cite_v and_o also_o by_o reason_n by_o the_o latter_a because_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o body_n compound_v of_o part_n less_o agitate_a than_o those_o about_o our_o sensory_a they_o must_v consequent_o cause_v a_o sensation_n of_o cold_a cold_a why_o the_o middle_a region_n be_v cold_a and_o why_o that_o region_n shall_v have_v its_o part_n less_o agitate_a than_o those_o about_o it_o be_v plain_a because_o it_o lie_v remote_a both_o from_o the_o influence_n of_o external_n as_o well_o as_o subterraneal_a heat_n but_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o though_o i_o say_v the_o middle_a region_n be_v cold_a yet_o i_o will_v only_o be_v understand_v to_o mean_v a_o comparative_a coldness_n for_o i_o by_o no_o mean_n think_v that_o region_n to_o be_v possess_v with_o the_o most_o intense_a degree_n of_o coldness_n since_o neither_o ice_n or_o snow_n have_v be_v ever_o observe_v to_o be_v find_v in_o it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v comparative_o cold_a than_o those_o region_n about_o it_o yet_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o cold_a may_v be_v hence_o argue_v because_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o summer_n that_o the_o exhalation_n which_o steam_n from_o the_o middle_a region_n be_v sensible_o warm_a at_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o grove_n which_o they_o can_v not_o be_v be_v the_o middle_a region_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v extreme_o cold_a proposition_n the_o second_o member_n of_o the_o second_o proposition_n but_o to_o pass_v to_o the_o second_o member_n of_o this_o second_o proposition_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o several_a place_n which_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o this_o middle_a region_n the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n be_v different_a at_o the_o same_o season_n of_o the_o year_n which_o be_v evident_a both_o from_o reason_n and_o experience_n and_o first_o from_o experience_n it_o have_v be_v learn_v by_o those_o who_o have_v often_o be_v in_o those_o hungarian_a mine_n as_o well_o as_o some_o here_o in_o england_n and_o indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o different_a heat_n in_o different_a climate_n but_o more_o peculiar_o the_o difference_n in_o soil_n it_o will_v not_o be_v less_o consonant_a to_o reason_n for_o the_o soil_n may_v be_v more_o or_o less_o porous_a and_o compact_a soyl._n the_o different_a temper_n of_o subterraneal_a region_n may_v be_v vary_v by_o the_o soyl._n and_o may_v have_v different_a substance_n mix_v with_o it_o or_o run_v through_o it_o which_o may_v alter_v the_o temper_n of_o it_o for_o there_o be_v not_o always_o that_o regular_a order_n in_o nature_n which_o be_v in_o our_o thought_n of_o she_o since_o salt_n marchasite_n and_o mineral_n be_v disperse_v through_o the_o middle_a as_o well_o as_o the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o may_v by_o impregnate_v those_o fluid_n which_o run_v through_o the_o earth_n cause_n different_a refrigerate_a effluvia_fw-la to_o affect_v various_a part_n of_o the_o same_o region_n as_o if_o in_o one_o place_n it_o be_v impregnate_v with_o nitre_n and_o in_o another_o with_o marchasitical_a earth_n the_o coldness_n of_o the_o former_a must_v render_v that_o part_n of_o the_o region_n the_o cold_a of_o the_o two_o beside_o the_o temper_n of_o they_o may_v differ_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o soil_n itself_o which_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o its_o maturity_n so_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n the_o temper_n of_o effluvia_fw-la may_v be_v different_a in_o the_o same_o place_n at_o one_o time_n from_o what_o they_o be_v at_o another_o in_o the_o same_o place_n not_o to_o mention_v those_o difference_n which_o it_o may_v undergo_v by_o several_a other_o accident_n and_o the_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la which_o ascend_v more_o or_o less_o from_o the_o low_a region_n and_o before_o i_o leave_v this_o proposition_n it_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o advertise_v that_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a in_o the_o several_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o easy_o discover_v by_o those_o thermoscope_n which_o be_v usual_o make_v use_n of_o to_o distinguish_v such_o difference_n because_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n which_o press_v upon_o the_o liquor_n may_v differ_v in_o its_o pressure_n according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o it_o it_o be_v long_o and_o consequent_o heavy_a the_o low_a it_o descend_v but_o to_o pass_v to_o the_o three_o region_n comprise_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n iii_o prop._n iii_o viz._n that_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o three_o region_n be_v warm_a which_o warmth_n vary_v in_o several_a place_n that_o it_o be_v warm_a and_o that_o that_o heat_n vary_v in_o several_a place_n i_o think_v be_v sufficient_o attest_v by_o the_o several_a person_n that_o have_v go_v down_o into_o those_o mine_n but_o as_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o those_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o discover_v for_o i_o be_o not_o a_o little_a incline_v to_o suspect_v that_o consider_v the_o closeness_n of_o those_o cavity_n in_o which_o they_o work_v the_o effluvium_n of_o their_o own_o body_n and_o of_o the_o metal_n they_o work_v in_o may_v in_o some_o measure_n contribute_v to_o it_o fire_n the_o effect_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o this_o suspicion_n i_o shall_v rather_o brief_o intimate_v that_o i_o conceive_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v stock_v with_o store_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n and_o that_o several_a calorifick_a quality_n be_v carry_v up_o through_o cleft_n and_o vein_n in_o the_o earth_n cause_n a_o sensible_a heat_n to_o be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o steam_n appear_v manifest_o from_o those_o damp_n which_o be_v often_o observe_v in_o grove_n not_o only_o in_o england_n but_o germany_n bohemia_n hungary_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v sometime_o so_o bituminous_a and_o sulphureous_a in_o smell_n as_o to_o be_v apt_a to_o take_v actual_a fire_n but_o one_o thing_n i_o must_v intimate_v here_o which_o be_v that_o though_o i_o be_o induce_v to_o believe_v for_o some_o reason_n this_o argument_n valid_a yet_o i_o be_o not_o without_o a_o suspicion_n that_o notwithstanding_o the_o aptness_n which_o these_o exhalation_n have_v to_o take_v flame_n yet_o even_o several_a cold_a steam_n may_v rise_v from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o may_v acquire_v heat_n in_o the_o upper_a region_n for_o we_o see_v that_o several_a substance_n which_o be_v apt_a enough_o to_o take_v flame_n have_v not_o the_o least_o sensible_a heat_n in_o their_o part_n before_o nay_o be_v so_o far_o from_o that_o that_o salt-petre_n which_o be_v so_o apt_a to_o flame_n will_n by_o be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n add_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n to_o it_o and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v observe_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n who_o spirit_n though_o easy_o inflammable_a affect_v not_o the_o touch_n with_o the_o least_o heat_n if_o raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o vapour_n but_o that_o which_o incline_v i_o to_o be_v of_o the_o opinion_n just_o now_o mention_v be_v that_o not_o only_a morinus_n but_o several_a other_o have_v observe_v the_o exhalation_n of_o mine_n considerable_o hot_a in_o summer_n time_n and_o the_o experience_a agricola_n have_v oserve_v that_o the_o mineral_n steam_n which_o pervade_v the_o earth_n be_v so_o powerful_a as_o not_o to_o permit_v a_o horefrost_n to_o lie_v upon_o the_o ground_n which_o they_o lie_v under_o and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v
with_o london_n and_o at_o the_o most_o not_o exceed_v 52_o degree_n the_o ice_n be_v near_o six_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o frost_n so_o violent_a that_o bottle_n of_o brandy_n will_v have_v a_o four_o part_n turn_v into_o ice_n the_o unfreeze_v liquor_n be_v much_o strong_a than_o before_o the_o ice_n which_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n be_v fresh_a from_o whence_o they_o supply_v themselves_o with_o fresh_a water_n either_o by_o melt_v it_o in_o their_o pot_n or_o by_o gather_v it_o from_o large_a cavity_n in_o float_a piece_n of_o ice_n where_o it_o be_v melt_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n a_o traveller_n tell_v i_o that_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o pyrenean_n mountain_n in_o the_o summer_n it_o be_v very_o hot_a though_o the_o same_o day_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o another_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o wind_n at_o morocco_n be_v so_o hot_a as_o almost_o to_o stifle_v he_o and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o high_a pyrenean_n mountain_n that_o below_o they_o there_o be_v cloud_n which_o yield_v rain_v plentiful_o out_o of_o which_o lightning_n flash_v upward_o as_o well_o as_o downward_o dr._n stubbs_n tell_v i_o that_o in_o a_o bolt-head_n about_o 2_o foot_n ½_n long_o about_o 7_o or_o 8_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n which_o be_v the_o faint_a time_n of_o the_o day_n the_o water_n will_v rise_v but_o ¼_n of_o inch_n and_o half_a a_o quarter_n after_o which_o time_n it_o will_v subside_o till_o that_o time_n the_o next_o day_n he_o further_o add_v that_o in_o 8_o or_o 10_o month_n time_n in_o that_o hot_a country_n water_n will_v not_o decrease_v in_o quantity_n though_o keep_v unstop_v i_o be_o tell_v by_o another_o that_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n near_o the_o coast_n of_o sumatra_n though_o ice_n nor_o frost_n nor_o snow_n be_v ever_o observe_v yet_o he_o have_v know_v hail_n to_o fall_v and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o 6_o and_o 10_o degree_n north_n latitude_n in_o that_o torrid_a climate_n it_o will_v be_v so_o cold_a at_o the_o top_n of_o some_o hill_n to_o who_o top_n they_o can_v ascend_v in_o half_a a_o hour_n that_o they_o will_v almost_o shiver_v and_o capt._n knox_n tell_v i_o that_o have_v spend_v 18_o year_n in_o that_o island_n he_o observe_v a_o kind_n of_o meteor_n in_o winter_n morning_n between_o a_o dew_n and_o a_o hoar_a frost_n which_o present_o vanish_v and_o that_o once_o there_o happen_v a_o shower_n of_o hail_n which_o be_v about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o black_a cherry_n but_o be_v present_o melt_v upon_o the_o ground_n the_o heat_n be_v so_o violent_a in_o the_o island_n suaquena_n that_o it_o excoriate_v the_o skin_n melt_v indian_a wax_n in_o a_o cabinet_n and_o sear_v your_o shoe_n like_o a_o red_a hot_a iron_n yet_o on_o some_o mountain_n in_o aethiopia_n they_o dread_v cold_a more_o than_o heat_v though_o no_o snow_n fall_v but_o only_o a_o little_a hail_n now_o and_o then_o which_o soon_o melt_v and_o tellesius_n witness_n that_o in_o many_o region_n in_o aethiopia_n the_o air_n be_v more_o mild_a than_o in_o portugal_n so_o many_o degree_n distant_a northward_o at_o tripoli_n in_o barbary_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v over_o a_o long_a sandy_a desert_n it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o wind_n it_o bring_v along_o with_o it_o seem_v as_o hot_a as_o the_o steam_n from_o a_o oven_n and_o and_o the_o same_o have_v be_v observe_v near_o the_o island_n of_o st._n lovis_fw-la on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o it_o be_v further_o remarkable_a that_o the_o ground_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o the_o gentleman_n who_o relate_v it_o can_v scarce_o endure_v to_o stand_v upon_o it_o and_o he_o further_o tell_v i_o that_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o a_o wood_n in_o which_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o wild_a beast_n lay_v it_o stink_v so_o that_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v endure_v in_o summo_fw-la ejus_fw-la montis_fw-la idae_fw-la sc_fw-la fastigio_fw-la sacellum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la aedificiolo_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la constat_fw-la saxis_fw-la sibi_fw-la inuicem_fw-la impositis_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la calce_fw-la cohaerentibus_fw-la fornicis_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la constructo_fw-la ad_fw-la tectum_fw-la praebendum_fw-la sublimi_fw-la adeo_fw-la loco_fw-la est_fw-la &_o à _fw-la vehementioribus_fw-la ventis_fw-la interdum_fw-la ita_fw-la perflato_fw-la ut_fw-la lapilli_fw-la inde_fw-la transferantur_fw-la 16._o petri_n bellonii_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 16._o paulo_n infra_fw-la id_fw-la sacellum_fw-la planity_n conspicitur_fw-la montibus_fw-la undique_fw-la cincta_fw-la in_fw-la quâ_fw-la multa_fw-la sunt_fw-la pascua_fw-la ubi_fw-la arietes_n &_o caprae_fw-la cretense_n aestate_fw-la pinguescunt_fw-la si_fw-mi quis_fw-la ex_fw-la summo_fw-la montis_fw-la vertice_fw-la undique_fw-la prospiciat_fw-la pâ—â—â—…_n aberit_fw-la quin_fw-la totius_fw-la insulae_fw-la ambitum_fw-la videat_fw-la cum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d vicinis_fw-la insulis_fw-la miso_n cerigo_n sive_fw-la cythera_n 〈◊〉_d archipelagi_n aeris_fw-la intempery_n in_fw-la hoc_fw-la â—â—â—…te_fw-la adeo_fw-la magna_fw-la est_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o caeteris_fw-la praeâ—â—â—…_n montibus_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o ipsis_fw-la caniculae_fw-la ardoribus_fw-la â—…ridie_fw-la nullo_n etiam_fw-la spirante_fw-la vento_fw-la ingens_fw-la senâ—â—â—tur_fw-la frigus_fw-la qua_fw-la de_fw-la causa_fw-la nec_fw-la hyeme_n nec_fw-la aslâ—…te_fw-la 〈◊〉_d eum_fw-la incolit_fw-la nam_fw-la licet_fw-la pastor_n interdâ—…â—â—iâ—â—_n greges_fw-la ad_fw-la pascua_fw-la agunt_fw-la noctu_fw-la tamen_fw-la in_o valles_fw-la se_fw-la recipiunt_fw-la in_o the_o next_o chapter_n latè_fw-la porro_fw-la patet_fw-la hic_fw-la mons_fw-la ejusque_fw-la radices_fw-la 〈◊〉_d maris_fw-la littora_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la diximus_fw-la attingunt_fw-la nam_fw-la licet_fw-la urbi_fw-la candiae_fw-la sunt_fw-la vicinae_fw-la meditullium_fw-la tamen_fw-la insulae_fw-la occupo_fw-la ipse_fw-la mons_fw-la adeo_fw-la in_o sublime_a evectus_fw-la ut_fw-la nives_fw-la ejus_fw-la verticem_fw-la perpetuò_fw-la tegnant_fw-la tamque_fw-la frigida_fw-la aâ—ra_fw-la mediis_fw-la etiam_fw-la astatis_fw-la ardoribus_fw-la isthic_n est_fw-la ut_fw-la vix_fw-la ferri_fw-la queat_fw-la tametsi_fw-la in_o convallibus_fw-la magnus_fw-la sit_fw-la aestus_fw-la 8._o jacobi_n zabarelli_n de-regionibus_a aeris_fw-la c._n 8._o contigit_fw-la id_fw-la meae_fw-la experientiae_fw-la quod_fw-la etiam_fw-la aliis_fw-la contigisse_fw-la audivi_fw-la ut_fw-la ascenderem_fw-la ad_fw-la summutatem_fw-la usque_fw-la montis_fw-la veneris_fw-la qui_fw-la omnium_fw-la in_o patavino_n agro_fw-la altissimus_fw-la est_fw-la ibi_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la diem_fw-la habui_fw-la aerem_fw-la serenissimum_fw-la sed_fw-la infra_fw-la circiter_fw-la medium_n montis_fw-la vidi_fw-la nubes_fw-la quae_fw-la i_o visione_n vallium_fw-la prohibebant_fw-la vesperi_fw-la autem_fw-la postquam_fw-la de_fw-la illo_fw-la monte_fw-fr descendi_fw-la inveni_fw-la factam_fw-la eo_fw-la die_v infera_fw-fr parte_fw-la magnam_fw-la pluviam_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o montis_fw-la cacumine_fw-la nihil_fw-la pluisset_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la intellexi_fw-la i_o transiisse_fw-la per_fw-la mediam_fw-la aeris_fw-la regionem_fw-la in_fw-la qua_fw-la est_fw-la facta_fw-la pluvia_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la eam_fw-la sensi_fw-la frigidissimam_fw-la imò_fw-la vix_fw-la aliquam_fw-la animadverti_fw-la differentiam_fw-la frigidioris_fw-la &_o calidioris_fw-la aeris_fw-la nam_fw-la aestivum_fw-la tempus_fw-la erat_fw-la pro_fw-la aestivo_fw-la tempore_fw-la eram_fw-la vestitus_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la tantum_fw-la frigoris_fw-la quod_fw-la i_o laederet_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la loco_fw-la percepi_fw-la pars_fw-la igitur_fw-la illa_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la absolutè_fw-la frigida_fw-la sed_fw-la solùm_fw-la comparatione_fw-la inferi_fw-la aeris_fw-la calidioris_fw-la idem_fw-la de_fw-la alpibus_fw-la proprio_fw-la exemplo_fw-la edoctus_fw-la testatum_fw-la reliquit_fw-la bartholinus_n sy_v phys_n instit_fw-la succinct_a de_fw-fr terra_fw-la aere_fw-la &_o igne_fw-la c._n 4._o resp_n 1._o mount_v atlas_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n have_v be_v see_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o several_a people_n who_o have_v visit_v the_o top_n of_o high_a mountain_n such_o as_o the_o alps_n and_o teneriff_n have_v find_v it_o exceed_o cold_a i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o that_o he_o never_o hear_v of_o snow_n or_o ice_n in_o guinea_n but_o in_o barbary_n where_o the_o plain_n be_v excessive_a hot_a the_o top_n of_o mountain_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o island_n ceylon_n and_o the_o mountain_n of_o congo_n in_o the_o summer_n 88_o i_o place_v a_o glass_n in_o a_o cave_n which_o face_v the_o sea_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o 80_o foot_n of_o earth_n and_o cut_v right_a in_o about_o 130_o foot_n the_o mercury_n stand_v ½_n above_o temperate_a and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o another_o glass_n in_o the_o open_a air_n it_o stand_v at_o hot_a about_o christmas_n follow_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cave_n vary_v not_o but_o that_o without_o stand_v at_o frost_n in_o new-hampshire_n in_o new-england_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o winter_n the_o north-west_n wind_n be_v very_o cold_a and_o in_o summer_n intense_o hot_a it_o be_v ascribe_v to_o a_o large_a tract_n of_o woody_n land_n which_o in_o the_o winter_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o valley_n be_v close_o keep_v in_o the_o heat_n till_o
nitre_n beside_o since_o common_a salt_n co-operate_v with_o snow_n in_o the_o production_n of_o ice_n as_o well_o as_o salt-petre_n and_o according_a to_o democritus_n have_v part_n of_o a_o cubical_a figure_n which_o he_o assign_v to_o cold_a atom_n and_o since_o gassendus_fw-la observe_v that_o salt-petre_n consist_v of_o part_n not_o altogether_o so_o apt_a for_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a these_o figure_n be_v not_o pyramidal_a but_o prismatical_a i_o say_v since_o these_o circumstance_n all_o concur_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o common_a salt_n may_v not_o be_v number_v among_o those_o body_n that_o be_v apt_a to_o produce_v cold._n 14._o nay_o sometime_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o more_o violent_a degree_n of_o cold_a may_v be_v cause_v by_o a_o like_a coalition_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o salt_n so_o the_o coldness_n of_o snow_n be_v advance_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o nitre_n or_o common_a salt_n or_o other_o appropriate_v additament_n but_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v a_o doubt_n with_o i_o whether_o cold_a depend_v on_o any_o such_o saline_a exhalation_n or_o the_o effect_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o this_o scruple_n at_o present_a without_o any_o further_a notice_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o what_o i_o have_v say_v upon_o this_o title_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o confute_v what_o opinion_n i_o have_v mention_v as_o to_o show_v that_o they_o be_v doubtful_a one_o particular_a referrable_a to_o the_o xvii_o title_n i_o be_o tell_v by_o the_o russian_a emperor_n physician_n that_o in_o the_o northern_a province_n of_o russia_n the_o earth_n be_v thaw_v but_o the_o depth_n of_o two_o foot_n and_o yet_o good_a corn_n grow_v upon_o it_o title_n xviii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o coldness_n and_o temperature_n of_o the_o air._n air._n of_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air._n 1._o though_o gassendus_fw-la and_o several_a other_o assert_v that_o the_o air_n be_v indifferent_a as_o to_o cold_a and_o heat_n yet_o since_o cold_a be_v only_o a_o relative_n quality_n and_o since_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v of_o themselves_o in_o a_o less_o degree_n of_o agitation_n than_o the_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v esteem_v cold_a for_o notwithstanding_o it_o may_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n by_o the_o adventitious_a effect_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n or_o fire_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o it_o natural_o tend_v to_o coolness_n itself_o again_o and_o as_o for_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n though_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o frigorifick_a atom_n may_v be_v mix_v with_o it_o yet_o i_o judge_v they_o not_o absolute_o or_o altogether_o requisite_a to_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a since_o a_o bare_a diminution_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v such_o a_o quality_n in_o high_a or_o more_o remiss_a degree_n 2._o but_o the_o principal_a intent_n of_o this_o section_n be_v to_o produce_v experiment_n and_o observation_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o former_a a_o seal_a weatherglass_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o it_o be_v enclose_v in_o a_o cylindrical_a receiver_n when_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v it_o subside_v the_o length_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n but_o rise_v again_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o which_o effect_n i_o attribute_v to_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o include_v air_n when_o the_o external_n be_v draw_v out_o when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n hot_a body_n external_o apply_v affect_v not_o the_o weatherglass_n but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o they_o cause_v the_o spirit_n to_o rise_v sensible_o 3._o to_o measure_v the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n by_o cold_a we_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o first_o we_o enclose_v air_n in_o weather-glass_n hermetical_o seal_v which_o when_o it_o be_v artificial_o or_o natural_o refrigerated_a and_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n break_v open_a we_o can_v not_o discern_v by_o the_o water_n it_o receive_v that_o it_o be_v condense_v above_o a_o 30_o part_n of_o its_o former_a dimension_n a_o glass-egg_n be_v invert_v into_o salt_n water_n in_o a_o cold_a night_n the_o air_n be_v so_o far_o condense_v in_o it_o that_o the_o water_n rise_v five_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o jan._n 29_o the_o air_n extend_v into_o 2057_o space_n be_v in_o a_o frosty_a night_n contract_v to_o 1965_o space_n so_o that_o the_o great_a degree_n of_o condensation_n we_o can_v observe_v be_v a_o 22_o part_n and_o a_o little_a above_o a_o three_o but_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o elliptical_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o water_n rise_v 4_o inch_n high_o than_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n and_o the_o air_n be_v contract_v from_o 1965_o space_n to_o 1860_o so_o that_o the_o artificial_a cold_a contract_v be_v more_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o contraction_n which_o the_o natural_a cold_a produce_v than_o that_o condensation_n be_v in_o proportion_n to_o its_o natural_a temper_n or_o rather_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o coldness_n 4._o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o observation_n cold_a may_v hinder_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o air_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o snow_n in_o greenland_n all_o midsummer_n night_n and_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o muscovy_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o severe_a frost_n happen_v in_o the_o close_a of_o august_n and_o further_o capt._n weymouth_n say_v that_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n when_o they_o sail_v not_o near_o the_o latitude_n of_o nova_n zembla_n their_o very_a sail_n and_o tackle_n be_v freeze_v to_o which_o we_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o english_a when_o they_o be_v sail_v to_o cherry-island_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o 74_o and_o 75_o degree_n latitude_n in_o july_n it_o freeze_v so_o hard_o that_o the_o ice_n hang_v upon_o their_o clothes_n 5._o as_o for_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o the_o air_n dr._n fletcher_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o russia_n if_o they_o go_v out_o of_o a_o warm_a room_n into_o the_o cold_a it_o make_v they_o breath_n with_o difficulty_n it_o be_v observe_v at_o moscow_n that_o water_n throw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n fall_v down_o congeal_v the_o air_n be_v so_o cold_a and_o at_o smolensko_n in_o russia_n the_o spital_n freeze_v before_o it_o can_v fall_v from_o one_o mouth_n to_o the_o ground_n 6._o i_o have_v observe_v the_o air_n grow_v sensible_o heavy_a in_o frosty_a wether_n but_o whether_o it_o depend_v on_o any_o frigorifick_a atom_n disperse_v through_o the_o air_n or_o not_o i_o shall_v leave_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o further_a trial_n in_o northern_a country_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o foggy_a wether_n present_o vanish_v when_o frost_n begin_v the_o moist_a vapour_n be_v by_o that_o condense_a and_o precipitate_v and_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o close_v up_o that_o other_o vapour_n be_v repress_v and_o keep_v from_o rise_v and_o the_o air_n have_v be_v by_o several_a observe_v to_o have_v be_v much_o more_o clear_a in_o the_o winter_n here_o in_o england_n and_o sweedland_n and_o elsewhere_o than_o at_o other_o time_n 7._o the_o refraction_n of_o luminary_n in_o the_o northern_a air_n in_o nova_n zembla_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o dutchman_n observe_v the_o sun_n to_o appear_v to_o they_o 14_o day_n soon_o than_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v and_o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o observe_v the_o latitude_n of_o charlton-island_n to_o vary_v 52_o minute_n and_o the_o sun_n to_o rise_v 20_o minute_n soon_o than_o it_o ought_v to_o rise_v beside_o several_a instance_n of_o refraction_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o air._n 8._o to_o what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n we_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o relation_n and_o observation_n of_o navigator_n which_o we_o shall_v either_o propose_v as_o promiscuous_a or_o in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o three_o follow_a observation_n 1._o that_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n in_o several_a climate_n and_o country_n be_v nothing_o near_o so_o regular_o proportionate_a to_o their_o respective_a distance_n from_o the_o pole_n or_o their_o vicinity_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la as_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o presume_v it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o of_o place_n of_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a pole_n those_o near_o the_o latter_a be_v cold_o though_o in_o moscow_n the_o cold_a be_v almost_o intolerable_a yet_o in_o edinburgh_n which_o be_v a_o degree_n more_o northwards_o the_o air_n be_v temperate_a enough_o and_o the_o snow_n seldom_o lie_v on_o the_o ground_n mr._n pool_n in_o his_o northern_a voyage_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o do_v
condense_v be_v able_a to_o lift_v up_o more_o than_o the_o air_n in_o its_o natural_a state_n 3._o when_o the_o bladder_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o figure_n of_o it_o be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o cavity_n which_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o be_v 2_o inch_n diameter_n and_o 2_o inch_n and_o ½_n long_o 4._o from_o the_o experiment_n now_o mention_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n be_v able_a at_o its_o first_o expansion_n to_o raise_v a_o weight_n proportionable_o large_a according_o to_o the_o different_a boar_n of_o the_o cylinder_v make_v use_n of_o but_o when_o it_o have_v be_v a_o little_a more_o expand_v the_o proportion_n be_v not_o so_o exact_a because_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n be_v to_o fill_v up_o ¼_n or_o ½_n part_n of_o a_o inch_n more_o the_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n must_v be_v much_o more_o rarify_v and_o consequent_o lose_v of_o its_o expansive_a force_n but_o compare_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o air_n in_o different_a boar_n at_o its_o first_o expansion_n some_o may_v think_v the_o proportion_n not_o exact_a since_o the_o small_a bladder_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v no_o more_o but_o 10_o pound_n and_o the_o weight_n which_o the_o large_a raise_v be_v 42_o it_o be_v more_o than_o a_o duplicate_v proportionof_a what_o our_o hypothesis_n require_v but_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o compare_v the_o diameter_n of_o each_o cylinder_n the_o bladder_n in_o the_o less_o proportion_n able_o take_v up_o more_o room_n than_o in_o the_o large_a it_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o the_o difference_n 5._o consider_v that_o the_o bladder_n in_o which_o air_n be_v include_v may_v straiten_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v more_o exact_o determine_v can_v cylinder_n be_v contrive_v staunch_a enough_o without_o such_o help_n 6._o and_o it_o will_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v to_o render_v the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n difficult_a to_o be_v determine_v that_o the_o air_n itself_o at_o different_a time_n vary_v in_o its_o degree_n of_o pressure_n yet_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o seem_v probable_a that_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o contrive_v a_o exact_a cylinder_n very_o tight_a one_o of_o a_o inch_n bear_v will_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v above_o 10_o pound_n weight_n experiment_n x._o a_o easy_a way_n of_o make_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o include_v air_n raise_v 50_o or_o 60_o pound_n or_o a_o great_a weight_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n to_o demonstrate_v more_o obvious_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n we_o take_v a_o 4._o a_o see_v plate_n the_o second_o fig._n 4._o brass_n cylinder_n who_o depth_n be_v 4_o inch_n and_o its_o diameter_n 4_o inch_n and_o ¾_n to_o which_o we_o adapt_v a_o plate_n a_o see_v plate_n short_a plug_n to_o who_o upper_a basis_n be_v fix_v a_o broad_a rim_z for_o weight_n to_o stand_v on_o more_o firm_o which_o be_v do_v we_o press_v a_o bladder_n into_o the_o cylinder_n that_o it_o 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the_o exhaust_a receiver_n than_o before_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o and_o this_o bubble_n be_v weigh_v in_o the_o open_a air_n counterpoise_v 68_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a upon_o which_o the_o bubble_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n we_o find_v that_o the_o air_n in_o it_o have_v be_v so_o far_o rarify_v by_o the_o heat_n employ_v in_o seal_v it_o up_o that_o the_o nip_v be_v break_v off_o it_o suck_v in_o 125_o grain_n of_o water_n the_o glass_n together_o with_o the_o water_n suck_v into_o it_o weigh_v 193_o ½_n grain_n the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o the_o bubble_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 739_o grain_n of_o water_n it_o weigh_v 807_o ½_n grain_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n do_v not_o quite_o amount_v to_o 1228_o to_o 1._o have_v weigh_v a_o glass_n bubble_n in_o the_o receiver_n who_o weight_n be_v 60_o grain_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o in_o vacuo_fw-la weigh_n 27_o 92_o of_o a_o grain_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n as_o it_o will_v contain_v weigh_v 720_o ¼_n grain_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o proportion_n of_o air_n to_o water_n in_o weight_n be_v as_o 857_o 17_o 27_o to_o one_o but_o galileo_n say_v water_n be_v but_o 400_o time_n heavy_a than_o water_n though_o ricciolus_n be_v as_o much_o mistake_v on_o the_o other_o side_n who_o say_v it_o be_v 10000_o time_n heavy_a to_o inform_v myself_o further_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n i_o take_v the_o follow_a measure_n have_v exhaust_v a_o receiver_n and_o when_o it_o be_v void_a of_o air_n counterballance_v it_o upon_o turn_v the_o stop-cock_n and_o a_o reingress_n of_o air_n it_o weigh_v 36_o grain_n more_o than_o before_o which_o succeed_v when_o try_v a_o second_o time_n and_o likewise_o a_o three_o and_o then_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v be_v immerse_v in_o water_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n turn_v to_o give_v way_n to_o a_o ingress_n of_o water_n and_o when_o as_o much_o water_n as_o 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see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 2._o it_o must_v be_v support_v in_o a_o wooden_a frame_n see_v fig._n the_o second_o and_o then_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v throw_v into_o the_o tube_n p._n q._n q._n sufficient_a to_o fill_v the_o pump_n and_o something_o more_o the_o operator_n stand_v in_o the_o stirrup_n must_v weight_n they_o up_o and_o down_o successive_o one_o after_o another_o which_o be_v do_v as_o the_o plug_n in_o each_o pump_n be_v raise_v up_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n r._n and_o the_o tube_n q._n q._n will_n by_o its_o spring_n and_o expansion_n lift_v up_o the_o valve_n l._n l._n and_o make_v its_o way_n into_o the_o space_n desert_v by_o the_o plug_n in_o the_o pump_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o plug_n begin_v to_o be_v press_v down_o again_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o pump_n will_v be_v hinder_v from_o pass_v into_o the_o receiver_n by_o the_o valve_n k._n l._n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o the_o plug_n be_v full_a of_o water_n 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