achievement_n in_o general_n a_o achievement_n be_v the_o whole_a arm_n adorn_v with_o their_o exterior_a part_n and_o ornament_n which_o be_v the_o helmet_n wreath_n crest_n mantlings_n supporter_n and_o motto_n or_o word_n and_o because_o these_o be_v but_o accidental_a part_n of_o the_o arm_n and_o of_o late_a institution_n as_o farm_n observe_v therefore_o we_o be_v not_o tie_v superstitious_o to_o all_o the_o nice_a rule_n of_o art_n but_o may_v speak_v of_o and_o express_v one_o colour_n twice_o and_o use_v and_o within_z or_o such_o relative_a particle_n as_o oft_o as_o we_o please_v i_o shall_v first_o treat_v of_o such_o of_o these_o exterior_a part_n separat_o and_o then_o i_o shall_v show_v how_o they_o be_v marshal_v together_o in_o blazon_v a_o complete_a achievement_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o helmet_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o armour_n be_v a_o helmet_n because_o it_o cover_v the_o chief_a part_n of_o man_n which_o be_v his_o head_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v make_v by_o herald_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a ornament_n of_o their_o coat_n armour_n it_o be_v of_o old_a call_v galea_n from_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o cat_n skin_n whereof_o it_o be_v make_v cassis_n by_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v now_o call_v helm_n by_o the_o german_n from_o the_o dutch_a word_n helm_n which_o signify_v the_o head_n hence_o come_v the_o french_a word_n heaume_n the_o english_a word_n helmet_n and_o the_o italian_a elmo_n who_o shall_v bear_v helmet_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n they_o shall_v be_v bear_v be_v much_o controvert_v and_o whole_a nation_n rather_o than_o private_a author_n do_v here_o disagree_v among_o themselves_o and_o yet_o most_o of_o they_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o it_o be_v noble_a to_o bear_v a_o open_a helmet_n than_o a_o close_o one_o because_o the_o open_a helm_n be_v give_v to_o and_o be_v only_o fit_a for_o such_o as_o have_v command_n and_o so_o must_v see_v what_o other_o do_v and_o must_v speak_v to_o they_o and_o tell_v they_o what_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v whereas_o such_o as_o be_v oblige_v to_o thrust_v themselves_o into_o all_o danger_n and_o need_v little_a to_o see_v other_o and_o speak_v none_o shall_v bear_v a_o helmet_n close_o nostri_fw-la mores_fw-la say_v besold_a thesaur_n pract._n duplicem_fw-la faciunt_fw-la stech-und_a thermer_n helm_n illam_fw-la plebeiorum_fw-la &_o clausam_fw-la hanc_fw-la nobilium_fw-la &_o opertam_fw-la and_o yet_o this_o rule_n be_v not_o without_o all_o exception_n for_o hopping_n cap._n 9_o &_o aldrovand_n tom-1_a pag._n 91._o observe_v that_o in_o spain_n and_o italy_n some_o great_a family_n bear_v no_o helmet_n upon_o their_o coat_n armour_n and_o other_o bear_v their_o helmet_n close_o and_o give_v a_o instance_n in_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswick_n but_o general_o all_o nation_n use_v helmet_n in_o their_o heraldry_n and_o distinguish_v betwixt_o open_a and_o close_o helmet_n because_o the_o english_a and_o french_a do_v differ_v so_o much_o in_o their_o rule_n here_o i_o resolve_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o both_o their_o principle_n and_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o english_a the_o english_a allow_v a_o gentleman_n to_o bear_v a_o side-standing_a helmet_n with_o the_o bave_a close_o which_o be_v the_o roman_a custom_n as_o appear_v by_o juvenal_n et_fw-fr statue_n meditatur_fw-la praelia_fw-la lusca_fw-la to_o a_o knight_n a_o helmet_n stand_v direct_a forward_o with_o a_o baver_n open_a without_o guard_n to_o all_o person_n above_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o knight_n and_o below_z that_o of_o a_o duke_n a_o side-helmet_n with_o a_o open-faced_a guard_n visure_n to_o duke_n and_o all_o above_o they_o a_o helmet_n which_o be_v full_a forward_a open-faced_a with_o guard_n visure_n to_o a_o knight_n they_o allow_v a_o side-standing_a helmet_n with_o 5_o barrs_n in_o his_o guard_n vizur_a fenestras_fw-la distinctas_fw-la clathris_fw-la seu_fw-la cancellis_fw-la to_o a_o baron_n they_o allow_v to_o carry_v his_o helm_n half_o side-wise_a half_a in_o front_n en_fw-fr tiers_n as_o the_o french_a call_v it_o with_o 7_o grile_n or_o barrs_n to_o count_n vidame_n and_o viscount_n a_o direct_a stand_a helmet_n with_o 9_o barrs_n to_o marquess_n a_o direct_a stand_a helmet_n with_o 11_o barrs_n to_o king_n and_o emperor_n a_o direct_a helmet_n altogether_o open_a though_o scotland_n agree_v with_o england_n in_o the_o bear_v of_o their_o helmet_n yet_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o both_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o other_o nation_n and_o in_o reason_n also_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o give_v king_n helmet_n full_o open_a without_o garde_n visur_n as_o the_o french_a do_v than_o to_o knight_n as_o we_o do_v for_o knight_n be_v in_o more_o danger_n and_o have_v less_o need_n to_o command_v and_o see_v all_o nation_n agree_v that_o a_o direct_a stand_n be_v more_o noble_a than_o a_o side-wise_a stand_n i_o see_v not_o why_o the_o helmet_n of_o a_o knight_n shall_v stand_v direct_a and_o a_o duke_n only_o side-wise_a sculptura_fw-la sive_fw-la ornamentâ—m_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o front_n est_fw-la plus_fw-la prae_fw-la se_fw-la fert_fw-la quam_fw-la illud_fw-la quod_fw-la a_o latere_fw-la est_fw-la nam_fw-la oculum_fw-la habet_fw-la ubique_fw-la limneus_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 6._o there_o be_v likewise_o this_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o that_o the_o english_a make_v no_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o bearer_n from_o the_o metal_n of_o which_o the_o helmet_n be_v make_v whereas_o the_o french_a allow_v only_o the_o knight_n a_o helmet_n adorn_v with_o silver_n to_o count_n and_o all_o above_o they_o they_o allow_v helmet_n adorn_v with_o gold_n and_o to_o king_n all_o the_o helmet_n damasquine_v but_o limneus_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 6._o say_v thus_o altora_fw-la est_fw-la differentia_fw-la quod_fw-la deuce_n uti_fw-la possunt_fw-la aureis_fw-la comites_fw-la argenteis_fw-la reliqui_fw-la verò_fw-la ferreis_n ovid._n scuta_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o galeae_fw-la gemmis_fw-la radientur_fw-la &_o auro_fw-la timbre_fw-mi be_v ordinary_o use_v among_o the_o french_a and_o italian_n for_o a_o helmet_n and_o be_v frequent_o use_v by_o the_o english_a of_o old_a it_o be_v a_o general_a word_n which_o comprehend_v all_o sort_n of_o ornament_n of_o the_o head_n and_o come_v from_o la_fw-fr form_n d'un_fw-fr timbre_fw-fr de_fw-fr cloche_n the_o shape_n of_o a_o bell_n which_o it_o resemble_v somewhat_o and_o as_o l'oseau_n observe_v des_fw-fr ordres_n des_fw-fr gentils-hommes_a cap._n 5._o gentleman_n do_v not_o adorn_v their_o achievement_n with_o helmet_n till_o they_o find_v that_o the_o burgess_n of_o paris_n do_v by_o warrant_n from_o charles_n v._o bear_v coat-armour_n whereupon_o to_o distinguish_v themselves_o from_o those_o gentleman_n do_v assume_v helmet_n and_o by_o the_o 200_o article_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o orleans_n all_o who_o be_v not_o gentleman_n by_o birth_n be_v discharge_v to_o bear_v helmet_n on_o their_o arms._n helmet_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o soldier_n arm_n it_o be_v only_o use_v by_o swordman_n or_o gentleman_n bishop_n use_v mitre_n cardinal_n a_o hat_n and_o therefore_o l'oseau_n cap._n 5._o remark_n just_o that_o gownsman_n shall_v not_o bear_v a_o helmet_n but_o a_o cornered_a cap_n and_o my_o reason_n allow_v rather_o his_o judgement_n than_o our_o custom_n which_o be_v contrary_a chap._n xxvii_o of_o mantlings_n of_o old_a knights_z and_o such_o as_o do_v wear_v helmet_n take_v great_a pain_n to_o keep_v they_o very_o neat_a and_o clear_a and_o therefore_o they_o do_v cover_v they_o with_o linen_n or_o stuff_v double_v with_o silk_n which_o serve_v also_o to_o distinguish_v they_o in_o the_o battle_n and_o when_o they_o go_v to_o battle_n these_o cover_n being_n very_o much_o cut_v and_o tear_v they_o do_v thereafter_o paint_v they_o with_o their_o casque_n in_o their_o achievement_n or_o arm_n and_o these_o we_o call_v mantlings_n in_o english_a which_o hang_v down_o cut_v now_o with_o art_n and_o curiosity_n the_o french_a call_v they_o lambreqain_n from_o the_o latin_a lamberare_fw-la it_o may_v be_v which_o as_o festus_n observe_v signify_v to_o cut_v or_o tear_v because_o these_o be_v tear_v the_o german_n helm-deâ—ken_a and_o helmzter_n the_o latin_a fascae_fw-la seu_fw-la lacinlae_fw-la utrinque_fw-la dependentes_fw-la &_o paul_n jov_n oiim_fw-la hae_fw-la nihil_fw-la arrive_v quam_fw-la galearum_fw-la tegâ—ina_fw-la crus_n pag._n 477._o and_o that_o their_o institution_n be_v very_o old_a appear_v from_o diod._n sieul_n iib._fw-la 5._o cap._n 30._o and_o that_o such_o be_v use_v by_o knight_n appear_v from_o all_o the_o old_a seal_n menest_n cap._n 8._o sometime_o skin_n of_o beast_n as_o lion_n bear_n etc._n etc._n be_v thus_o bear_v to_o make_v the_o bearer_n more_o terrible_a and_o that_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o double_v our_o mantlings_n with_o fur_n in_o scotland_n all_o the_o mantlings_n of_o nobleman_n be_v g._n double_v with_o ermine_n because_o the_o robe_n of_o our_o earl_n and_o above_o be_v scarlet_a double_v with_o ermine_n and_o therefore_o oftentimes_o
surmount_v of_o a_o bar_n as_o dempster_n do_v chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o cheveron_n a_o cheveron_n be_v a_o ordinar_n french_a word_n signify_v a_o couple_n by_o vitruvius_n capreolus_n and_o therefore_o this_o ordinar_n represent_v a_o couple_n in_o its_o shape_n fig._n 1._o by_o the_o latin_a now_o it_o be_v call_v tignum_fw-la or_o cantherius_fw-la by_o the_o italian_a capriolo_fw-la or_o caviletto_n and_o be_v give_v by_o herald_n to_o such_o as_o have_v supply_v their_o prince_n country_n or_o family_n and_o thus_o the_o hepburns_n carry_v g_o on_o a_o cheveron_n arg_fw-mi two_o lion_n pull_v at_o a_o rose_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v that_o when_o the_o scot_n be_v near_o beat_v at_o the_o battle_n of_o two_o brother_n of_o that_o name_n come_v in_o with_o a_o fresh_a supply_n and_o recover_v the_o battle_n as_o holins-bead_n also_o confess_v for_o which_o they_o get_v the_o cheveron_n to_o signify_v the_o supply_n they_o bring_v the_o two_o lion_n to_o represent_v the_o two_o brother_n and_o that_o they_o be_v scot_n pull_v at_o a_o rose_n which_o be_v the_o arm_n of_o england_n as_o also_o robertsone_o of_o struan_n get_v a_o cheveron_n add_v to_o his_o shield_n for_o take_v graham_n who_o kill_v king_n james_n the_o first_o but_o he_o have_v not_o use_v it_o of_o late_a because_o he_o think_v it_o a_o mark_n of_o cadency_n leigh_n say_v that_o a_o cheveron_n represent_v a_o woman_n attire_n for_o her_o head_n but_o the_o conjecture_n be_v very_o groundless_a and_o proceed_v from_o waâ—â—_n of_o french_a and_o for_o the_o same_o want_n of_o french_a some_o use_n to_o say_v a_o cheveron_n rompé_fw-fr for_o a_o break_a cheveron_n which_o be_v in_o french_a un_fw-fr cheveron_n rompu_fw-fr or_o brisé_fw-fr spelman_n well_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v give_v to_o man_n for_o complete_n and_o have_v bring_v any_o great_a design_n to_o perfection_n since_o the_o put_n on_o of_o the_o couple_n show_v the_o work_n to_o be_v complete_v and_o therefore_o the_o greek_n use_v to_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o comprehend_v also_o the_o three_o of_o the_o shield_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o a_o cheveron_n be_v take_v break_v in_o its_o top_n be_v because_o the_o principle_n house_n be_v ruin_v and_o sell_v and_o therefore_o the_o cadet_n to_o show_v that_o they_o be_v fall_v from_o the_o original_a height_n of_o the_o family_n take_v the_o cognizance_n bruise_v in_o its_o top_n if_o there_o be_v more_o cheveron_n they_o be_v call_v cheveronell_n of_o which_o leigh_n and_o all_o the_o english_a write_v that_o there_o can_v be_v three_o in_o a_o field_n but_o the_o french_a say_v three_o cheveron_n and_o why_o not_o three_o cheveron_n as_o well_o as_o three_o bend_v bar_n etc._n etc._n the_o french_a mark_n 1.3.4_o or_o 5._o cheverons_n at_o pleasure_n and_o in_o this_o as_o in_o many_o other_o thing_n we_o follow_v the_o french_a for_o the_o mclellan_n bear_v or_o two_o cheveron_n sable_a a_o couple_n close_o contain_v the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o cheveron_n and_o be_v not_o bear_v but_o by_o pair_n except_o there_o be_v a_o cheveron_n betwixt_o they_o if_o the_o cheveron_n be_v turn_v down_o with_o the_o point_n to_o the_o base_a it_o be_v call_v a_o cheveron_n invert_v if_o two_o cheveron_n be_v join_v together_o the_o english_a call_v they_o braze_v from_o the_o french_a word_n bras_fw-fr as_o i_o conceive_v which_o signify_v arm_n because_o they_o be_v interlace_v as_o arm_n the_o french_a accrochete_n the_o description_n of_o the_o plate_n belong_v to_o the_o 14._o chapter_n i._o isle_n argent_fw-fr a_o cheveron_n sable_a ermine_n a_o cheveron_n gules_a argent_fw-fr a_o cheveron_n gules_a and_o chief_a azure_n azure_a a_o cheveron_n ermine_n ii_o ilk_fw-mi gules_a on_o a_o cheveron_n argent_fw-fr three_o mollet_n of_o the_o first_o argent_fw-fr on_o a_o cheveron_n gules_a three_o mollet_n of_o the_o first_o hepburn_n gules_a on_o a_o cheveron_n argent_fw-fr a_o rose_n betwixt_o two_o lion_n or_o lion_n cell_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o combatant_n of_o the_o first_o iii_o keams_n argent_fw-fr a_o cheveron_n sable_a betwixt_o three_o mollet_n gules_a gules_a a_o cheveron_n argent_fw-fr betwixt_o three_o mollet_n or._n elphingston_n iv._o argent_fw-fr a_o cheveron_n sable_a betwixt_o three_o boar_n head_n erase_v gules_a arm_v of_o the_o first_o dean_n argent_fw-fr a_o cheveron_n gules_a betwixt_o three_o boar-head_n eraze_v azure_n arm_v and_o languid_a of_o the_o first_o argent_fw-fr a_o cheveron_n gules_a betwixt_o three_o boar-head_n erase_v sable_a v._o sempil_n argent_fw-fr a_o cheveron_n checkie_a gules_a and_o of_o the_o first_o betwixt_o three_o bugle_n sable_a garnish_v as_o the_o second_o ilk_fw-mi or_o a_o cheveron_n checkie_a sable_a and_o argent_a betwixt_o three_o martlet_n or_o kae_n of_o the_o second_o colstoun_n vi_o argent_fw-fr a_o cheveron_n betwixt_o three_o rose_n gules_a gules_a a_o cheveron_n betwixt_o three_o flower_n de_fw-fr lis_fw-fr or._n vii_o mclellan_n or_o two_o cheveron_n sable_a howmains_n or_o two_o cheveron_n sable_a and_o three_o mollet_n in_o pale_a gules_a gules_a two_o cheveron_n engrail_v betwixt_o three_o flower_n de_fw-fr lis_fw-fr or._n viii_o kersewell_n ermine_n two_o cheveron_n gules_a gules_a a_o cheveron_n void_v betwixt_o three_o cinquefoil_n or._n lochwood_n argent_fw-fr a_o cheveron_n void_v gules_a betwixt_o three_o pheon_n in_o chief_a and_o a_o unicorn_n head_n erase_v in_o base_a sable_a gogar_n argent_fw-fr a_o cheveron_n gules_a surmount_v of_o another_o ermine_n betwixt_o three_o laurel_n slip_v vert_fw-fr ix_o balmadies_n argent_fw-fr two_o sword_n cheveron-waye_n azure_n pierce_v a_o man_n heart_n in_o chief_a proper_a and_o in_o base_a a_o cinquifoil_n of_o the_o second_o kippenross_n argent_fw-fr two_o dagger_n azure_n the_o pomell_v divide_v in_o chief_a and_o the_o point_v conjoin_v pierce_v a_o man_n heart_n in_o base_a proper_a in_o the_o honour_n point_v a_o cinquifoil_n sable_a x._o in_o french_a the_o sable_a aù_fw-fr chevron_n d'argent_fw-fr brisé_fw-fr où_fw-fr eclatté_fw-fr par_fw-fr le_fw-fr haut_fw-fr i_o e._n sable_a a_o cheveron_n argent_fw-fr burst_v or_o split_v on_o the_o top_n by_o syl._n pet._n sta._n capreolus_n fractus_fw-la diminutus_fw-la capite_fw-la mutilus_fw-la etc._n etc._n xi_o gules_a a_o cheveron_n reverse_v argent_a xii_o argent_fw-fr three_o cheveron_n brase_v or_o rather_o interlace_v one_o with_o the_o other_o in_o base_a a_o sun_n in_o chief_a azure_n chap._n xv._n of_o the_o bordur_n and_o orle_fw-mi shield_n have_v bordur_n for_o their_o ornament_n and_o sometime_o for_o their_o difference_n as_o vestment_n have_v fringe_n and_o thence_o do_v the_o bordur_n grow_v a_o honourable_a ordinary_n among_o herald_n it_o possess_v the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o shield_n among_o the_o english_a but_o the_o three_o among_o the_o french_a a_o orle_n be_v a_o little_a bordur_n from_o the_o latin_a word_n orula_n which_o signify_v a_o little_a bordur_n but_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v give_v to_o recompense_v such_o as_o have_v give_v protection_n and_o defence_n for_o the_o bordur_n defend_v what_o be_v within_o it_o and_o therefore_o scotland_n get_v the_o orle_fw-mi flower_n deluce_v from_o the_o french_a to_o recompense_v the_o assistance_n the_o french_a get_v from_o the_o scot_n in_o all_o the_o war_n at_o which_o time_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o scot_n get_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o french_a king_n body_n which_o honour_n they_o retain_v to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v now_o use_v as_o a_o mark_n of_o distinction_n by_o cadet_n because_o they_o ought_v to_o defend_v their_o elder_a brother_n family_n as_o the_o bordur_n defend_v the_o shield_n all_o nation_n use_v few_o term_n in_o describe_v border_n except_o the_o english_a who_o use_v very_o many_o and_o such_o as_o be_v unnecessar_n and_o have_v proceed_v from_o affect_v french_a word_n for_o term_n of_o art_n for_o if_o the_o bordur_n be_v charge_v with_o dead_a thing_n it_o be_v call_v a_o bordur_n entoire_fw-fr as_o of_o annulet_n bezant_z etc._n etc._n which_o word_n be_v from_o the_o french_a word_n entoure_n about_o corrupt_v this_o word_n be_v also_o improper_a for_o all_o bordur_n go_v about_o the_o shield_n if_o the_o bordur_n be_v charge_v with_o fowl_n it_o be_v call_v by_o they_o enalauron_n if_o it_o be_v charge_v with_o other_o beast_n it_o be_v term_v enurny_n if_o with_o flower_n fruit_n or_o leave_n verdoi_fw-la and_o then_o the_o particular_n and_o their_o number_n be_v express_v as_o verdoy_v of_o eight_o 〈…〉_z if_o with_o fur_n it_o be_v call_v purflew_v general_o and_o then_o the_o fur_n be_v specify_v as_o he_o bear_v g._n a_o bordur_n purflew_v ermine_v the_o french_a say_v only_o g._n a_o bordur_n ermine_n as_o also_o they_o say_v he_o bear_v or_o a_o bordur_n of_o 8_o pigeon_n if_o the_o bordur_n be_v of_o more_o colour_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v compon_v of_o such_o and_o such_o colour_n when_o
of_o the_o first_o and_o in_o the_o dexter_a base_a a_o horsehead_n coup_v sable_a southside_n or_o three_o helmet_n baver_n open_v proper_a gules_a three_o boarshead_n erase_v argent_a betwixt_o a_o lance_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o dexter_a base_a orchardhead_n and_o a_o lochaber-axe_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o sinister_a both_o erect_v in_o pale_a of_o the_o second_o bed_o gules_a a_o closs_n helmet_n argent_fw-fr ix_o barnes_n or_o a_o sword_n erect_v in_o pale_a surmount_v on_o the_o top_n with_o a_o imperial_a crown_n proper_a betwixt_o three_o crescent_n within_o a_o double_a tressure_n counterflowred_a gules_a kinaldie_n azure_a a_o sword_n in_o pale_a argent_fw-fr hilted_a and_o pomel_v or_o betwixt_o three_o crescent_n of_o the_o second_o ashinillie_n or_o a_o two_o hand_a sword_n in_o pale_a azure_n x._o wright_n azure_a three_o broad_a axe_n argent_a 2._o and_o 1._o xi_o craik_n azure_a a_o ship_n under_o sail_n argent_fw-fr and_o the_o same_o earl_n for_o the_o first_o coat_n as_o represent_v spar_n sometime_o duke_n of_o orkney_n bear_v azure_a a_o ship_n at_o anchor_n her_o oar_n in_o saltire_n within_o a_o double_a tressure_n counterflowred_a or._n azure_a in_o the_o sea_n vert_fw-fr a_o ship_n in_o full_a course_n or_o mast_n sail_n and_o taikling_n proper_a flag_v gules_a old_a argent_fw-fr a_o ship_n with_o her_o sail_n truss_v up_o sable_a quarter_v in_o the_o achievement_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o hamilton_n xii_o clanchattan_n or_o a_o lumfad_n her_o oar_n erect_v in_o saltire_n sable_n in_o chief_a a_o dexter_a hand_n coup_v fessewaye_n hold_v a_o man_n heart_n palewayese_n according_a to_o some_o a_o flower_n de_fw-fr lis_fw-fr gules_a but_o mckintosh_n have_v alter_v this_o and_o give_v now_o four_o coat_n quarterly_a first_o or_o a_o lion_n rampant_a gules_a as_o be_v come_v of_o mcduff_n second_o argent_fw-fr a_o dexter_a hand_n coup_v fessewaye_n grasp_a a_o man_n heart_n palewaye_n gules_a three_o azure_n a_o boar_n head_n coup_v or._n four_o or_o a_o lumfad_n her_o oar_n erect_v in_o saltire_n sable_a old_a argent_fw-fr a_o lumfad_n with_o her_o oar_n in_o action_n sable_a now_o quarter_v in_o the_o achievement_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o argyle_n and_o glenurqhie_n argent_fw-fr a_o ark_n in_o the_o water_n proper_a surmount_v of_o a_o dove_n azure_n bear_v in_o her_o beck_n a_o olive-branch_n vert_fw-fr gallie_n of_o utensil_n crown_n and_o other_o use_v in_o armoury_n i._o coldoun_n argent_fw-fr a_o saltire_n sable_n on_o a_o chief_a of_o the_o second_o three_o cusheon_n or._n argent_fw-fr a_o saint_n andrews_n cross_n and_o chief_a azure_n the_o second_o charge_v with_o three_o cusheon_n or._n argent_fw-fr a_o mollet_n or_o rather_o a_o spur-revel_a gules_a on_o a_o chief_a sable_a a_o cushion_n or._n or_o three_o cusheon_n gules_a each_o charge_v with_o a_o crescent_a argent_fw-fr or_o three_o cusheon_n within_o a_o double_a tressure_n counteflour_v gules_a ii_o or_o a_o cheveron_n betwixt_o three_o purse_n gules_a some_o give_v the_o cheveron_n checkiâ—_n azure_n and_o argent_a other_o give_v a_o fess_v checkie_a iii_o gules_a on_o a_o fess_v or_o a_o mollet_n azure_n betwixt_o three_o quadrangular_a lock_n argent_a lag_a gules_a a_o sword_n in_o pale_a proper_a hilted_a and_o pomel_v or_o betwixt_o three_o padlock_n argent_a taarâ—â—e_n iv._o lee._n azure_a a_o fetterlock_n argent_fw-fr on_o a_o chief_a of_o the_o second_o three_o sanglier_fw-it head_n as_o the_o first_o but_o other_o give_v it_o argent_fw-fr a_o man_n heart_n proper_a within_o a_o fetter-lock_a sable_a on_o a_o chief_a azure_n three_o boar_n head_n erase_v of_o the_o first_o and_o there_o be_v late_o some_o other_o alteration_n make_v in_o this_o coat_n bar._n argent_fw-fr on_o a_o bend_v sable_a three-fetterlocks_a or._n v._o paintland_n gules_a three_o key_n barrwaye_n or_n or_o as_o the_o english_a blazon_n fessewaye_n in_o pale_a the_o same_o within_o a_o bordur_n verry_n vi_o ross._n or_o a_o cheveron_n checkie_a sable_a and_o argent_a betwixt_o three_o water_n budget_n of_o the_o second_o quarter_v with_o the_o coat_n of_o melvil_n azure_a three_o water_n budget_n or_n quarter_v in_o the_o second_o place_n in_o the_o achievement_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o drumfreis_n vallange_n auchlossin_n or_o a_o bear_v head_n coup_v gules_a betwixt_o three_o water_n budget_n sable_a the_o same_o within_o a_o bordur_n vii_o azure_a three_o cover_a cup_n or_o 2._o and_o 1._o sornbeg_n azure_a three_o mollet_n in_o fess_v betwixt_o alse_a many_o cover_a cup_n argent_a gules_a two_o cup_n cover_v or_o and_o in_o the_o middle_n chief_a a_o star_n argent_fw-fr grimet_fw-la maxweltoun_n sable_a a_o cup_n argent_fw-fr with_o a_o garland_n betwixt_o two_o lawrel-branche_n all_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o same_o vert._n viii_o sable_a a_o catharine-wheel_n argent_fw-fr quarter_v in_o the_o achievement_n of_o sir_n james_n turner_n with_o argent_a turner_n three_o gut_n de_fw-fr sang_fw-fr proper_a ix_o kyle_n azure_a there_o bell_n or._n azure_a a_o fesse_v betwixt_o three_o bell_n or._n x._o or_o three_o candlestick_n sable_a 2._o and_o 1._o xi_o orrock_n argent_fw-fr a_o cheveron_n gules_a betwixt_o three_o chess_a rook_n sable_a but_o now_o he_o give_v sable_a on_o a_o cheveron_n or_o betwixt_o three_o mollet_n argent_a alse_a many_o chess_a rook_n of_o the_o field_n methven_n azure_a a_o burn_a cup_n betwixt_o two_o chess_a rook_n in_o fess_v or._n xii_o old_a gules_a three_o antique_a crown_n or._n gules_a a_o boar_n head_n coup_v betwixt_o three_o antique_a crown_n or._n with_o his_o paternal_a coat_n by_o the_o name_n of_o fraser_n give_v second_o and_o three_o argent_a three_o antique_a or_o open_a crown_n gules_a or_o a_o fesse_v chekie_a azure_n and_o argent_a betwixt_o three_o open_a crown_n gules_a chap._n xx._n why_o arm_n be_v change_v arm_n once_o take_v ought_v not_o to_o be_v change_v without_o a_o sufficient_a cause_n the_o ordinary_a cause_n of_o change_a arm_n be_v six_o first_o when_o the_o bearer_n become_v subject_a to_o another_o and_o thus_o william_n the_o conqueror_n change_v the_o arm_n of_o england_n 2._o the_o succeed_a to_o a_o great_a fortune_n and_o thus_o the_o family_n of_o stewart_n arm_n be_v change_v by_o our_o king_n when_o they_o succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n 3_o adoption_n as_o by_o taily_n with_o we_o 4._o some_o considerable_a new_a exploit_n and_o thus_o a_o savoyard_n have_v preserve_v francis_n 1._o at_o the_o battle_n of_o pavia_n crave_v liberty_n to_o change_v his_o arm_n and_o take_v a_o sword_n arg_fw-mi accompany_v with_o a_o flower_n de_fw-fr luce_fw-fr 5._o some_o new_a devote_n enterprise_n as_o those_o who_o go_v to_o the_o holy_a war._n 6._o mark_n of_o cadency_n and_o defamation_n and_o marriage_n of_o which_o three_o last_n i_o shall_v treat_v in_o separate_a chapter_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o a_o gentleman_n of_o name_n and_o arm_n in_o ancient_a record_n be_v doubt_v for_o some_o interpret_v this_o of_o those_o who_o make_v profession_n of_o arm_n other_o do_v more_o just_o interpret_v this_o of_o these_o who_o come_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o have_v surname_n and_o coat-armour_n for_o till_o william_n the_o conqueror_n time_n in_o england_n and_o king_n malcome_n canmor_n reign_n in_o scotland_n there_o be_v no_o surname_n but_o man_n be_v call_v by_o their_o father_n name_n as_o gulielmus_fw-la filius_fw-la jacobi_fw-la but_o thereafter_o they_o get_v surname_n from_o the_o land_n they_o possess_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o nobility_n in_o those_o day_n to_o have_v a_o few_o or_o land_n but_o now_o a_o gentleman_n of_o name_n and_o arm_n be_v he_o who_o name_n and_o arm_n be_v registrate_v by_o herald_n as_o menestier_n observe_v chap._n xxi_o mark_n of_o cadencie_n and_o difference_n arm_n be_v sometime_o give_v upon_o a_o personal_a account_n by_o a_o prince_n thus_o king_n give_v sometime_o to_o such_o stranger_n who_o have_v mediate_v happy_o as_o ambassador_n betwixt_o they_o and_o their_o own_o master_n the_o arm_n of_o their_o kingdom_n in_o a_o canton_n and_o general_o in_o these_o case_n arm_n be_v personal_a and_o descend_v not_o to_o his_o successor_n and_o such_o arm_n be_v call_v insignia_fw-la personalia_fw-la noal_n de_fw-fr transmis_n casu_fw-la 33._o and_o cartwright_n pag._n 20._o give_v a_o instance_n of_o this_o in_o the_o person_n of_o s._n henry_n st._n george_n who_o get_v the_o arm_n of_o swede_n in_o a_o canton_n when_o he_o be_v ambassador_n there_o and_o the_o italian_n give_v many_o instance_n of_o this_o rule_n in_o arm_n give_v by_o prince_n to_o cardinal_n but_o if_o successor_n be_v not_o seclude_v then_o arm_n descend_v to_o his_o heir_n though_o they_o be_v not_o express_v bart._n ad_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n de_fw-la dignit_fw-la hope_v c._n 7._o §_o 1._o and_o these_o succeed_v to_o their_o arm_n though_o the_o arm_n be_v bestow_v upon_o the_o father_n after_o their_o birth_n even_o as_o they_o will_v succeed_v to_o a_o crown_n fall_v to_o
their_o father_n after_o their_o birth_n tiraquel_n c._n 15._o hot._n quaest_n illust_n 2._o but_o when_o they_o be_v give_v by_o the_o prince_n to_o a_o man_n or_o to_o his_o posterity_n than_o his_o successor_n who_o be_v descend_v of_o he_o do_v carry_v the_o arm_n and_o have_v right_a thereto_o and_o that_o though_o they_o renounce_v to_o be_v heir_n noal_n ibid._n because_o these_o be_v mark_n of_o their_o prince_n favour_n and_o no_o lucrative_a part_n of_o succession_n and_o therefore_o possible_o it_o be_v that_o our_o nobility_n bear_v the_o title_n and_o enjoy_v the_o honour_n of_o their_o predecessor_n though_o they_o renounce_v to_o be_v heir_n and_o though_o these_o honour_n and_o title_n be_v give_v at_o first_o to_o their_o predecessor_n and_o their_o heir_n but_o it_o be_v here_o question_v by_o the_o doctor_n whether_o daughter_n have_v right_a to_o bear_v arm_n of_o the_o family_n as_o jason_n observe_v consil_n 63._o virile_a officium_fw-la est_fw-la arma_fw-la &_o insignia_fw-la defer_v the_o carry_v arm_n belong_v only_o to_o man_n yet_o it_o be_v general_o conclude_v that_o woman_n who_o be_v never_o marry_v may_v carry_v their_o predecessor_n arm_n tiraquel_n de_fw-fr nobil_n cap._n ult_n &_o tacit._n lib._n 3._o annual_a de_fw-fr funere_fw-la juniae_fw-la ait_fw-la viginti_fw-la clarissimarum_fw-la familiarum_fw-la imagine_v antilatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la sed_fw-la praefulgeâ—ant_fw-la cassius_n atque_fw-la brutus_n eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la quod_fw-la effigy_n eorum_fw-la non_fw-la visebantur_fw-la idem_fw-la probatur_fw-la per_fw-la l._n mulieres_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr dignitat_fw-la and_o the_o custom_n both_o in_o france_n and_o scotland_n be_v that_o they_o bear_v the_o paternal_a coat_n in_o a_o lozenge_n limneus_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la cap._n 6._o but_o they_o shall_v be_v bear_v in_o a_o fusil_n which_o be_v a_o figure_n long_o than_o a_o lozen_n and_o signify_v a_o spindle_n in_o french_a which_o be_v a_o womanly_a instrument_n yet_o when_o woman_n have_v be_v once_o marry_v they_o can_v no_o more_o carry_v their_o paternal_a coat_n or_o arm_n because_o by_o marriage_n transeunt_fw-la ex_fw-la familia_fw-la patris_fw-la in_fw-la familiam_fw-la mariti_fw-la bart._n ad_fw-la l._n quoties_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr privil_a schol._n menoch_v consil_n 197._o and_o yet_o to_o show_v whence_o they_o spring_v they_o carry_v their_o paternal_a coat_n marshal_v with_o their_o husband_n as_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o observe_v but_o the_o child_n bear_v by_o they_o can_v carry_v their_o grandfather_n arm_n noal_n ibid._n no_o man_n can_v bear_v his_o mother_n arm_n for_o child_n follow_v the_o condition_n of_o their_o father_n not_o of_o their_o mother_n and_o yet_o the_o mother_n may_v by_o paction_n or_o testament_n provide_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o succ_v except_o they_o bear_v her_o arm_n in_o which_o case_n they_o may_v be_v force_v to_o carry_v they_o if_o the_o prince_n consent_n for_o he_o only_o can_v bestow_v arm_n and_o without_o this_o the_o son_n can_v bear_v they_o peleus_n act_n foren_n c._n 96._o whither_o agnati_fw-la transversale_n such_o as_o nephew_n uncle_n etc._n etc._n have_v right_a to_o carry_v the_o arm_n that_o be_v give_v by_o the_o prince_n to_o their_o uncle_n and_o those_o of_o his_o family_n may_v be_v doubt_v and_o that_o they_o may_v be_v conclude_v by_o the_o doctor_n nam_fw-la agnati_fw-la intelliguntur_fw-la esse_fw-la de_fw-la familia_fw-la l._n pronunciatio_fw-la f._n de_fw-fr verb._n signif_n but_o if_o the_o arm_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o these_o descend_v of_o his_o body_n they_o will_v thereby_o or_o by_o any_o such_o express_a concession_n be_v seclude_v it_o be_v most_o ordinar_n in_o scotland_n to_o tailye_o estate_n to_o the_o elder_a heir_n fernal_a she_o marry_v one_o who_o shall_v bear_v the_o name_n and_o arm_n of_o the_o disponer_n family_n but_o whether_o the_o person_n who_o marry_v that_o heretrix_fw-la or_o heiress_n as_o the_o english_a speak_v may_v lawful_o carry_v the_o disponner_n arm_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o heraldry_n want_v not_o its_o scruple_n seeing_z arma_fw-la gentilitia_fw-la which_o be_v presume_v still_o to_o be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n non_fw-la transeunt_fw-la ad_fw-la extraneos_fw-la else_o any_o man_n may_v give_v arm_n as_o well_o as_o the_o prince_n or_o herald_n yet_o lawyer_n be_v very_o positive_a that_o their_o paction_n be_v lawful_a &_o qui_fw-la liberâ—s_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la potest_fw-la in_o alium_fw-la transfer_v suum_fw-la feudum_fw-la ea_fw-la conditione_n ut_fw-la adoptatus_fw-la nomen_fw-la &_o arma_fw-la &_o insignia_fw-la ferat_fw-la former_a tract_n feud_n tit_n de_fw-mi his_o qui_fw-la feudum_fw-la accipere_fw-la possunt_fw-la and_o that_o because_o arm_n be_v give_v not_o only_o to_o reward_v the_o receiver_n virtue_n but_o to_o distinguish_v family_n &_o quia_fw-la adoptatus_fw-la transit_fw-la in_o familiam_fw-la &_o agnationem_fw-la adoptantâ—_n some_o lawyer_n do_v here_o distinguish_v betwixt_o he_o who_o be_v so_o assume_v or_o adopt_v by_o one_o of_o his_o own_o predecessor_n or_o family_n for_o these_o sure_o may_v bear_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o adopter_fw-mi and_o these_o who_o be_v stranger_n before_o the_o adoption_n and_o they_o conclude_v that_o these_o can_v have_v right_o to_o the_o arm_n and_o this_o be_v assert_v by_o hopping_n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr insig_a cap._n 7.5_o num_fw-la 251._o to_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n of_o the_o best_a lawyer_n but_o i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v more_o just_o distinguish_v whether_o the_o disposition_n be_v make_v to_o a_o daughter_n she_o marry_v one_o who_o shall_v bear_v the_o name_n and_o arm_n for_o in_o that_o case_n certain_o the_o child_n may_v bear_v the_o arm_n for_o she_o be_v heiress_n herself_o but_o if_o land_n be_v dispone_v to_o a_o mere_a stranger_n not_o upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v marry_v a_o daughter_n but_o that_o he_o shall_v bear_v the_o name_n and_o arm_n it_o may_v be_v in_o that_o case_n assert_v that_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o disposition_n can_v bear_v the_o arm_n for_o that_o be_v not_o in_o the_o disponner_n power_n to_o bestow_v except_o the_o prince_n consent_n and_o suitable_a to_o this_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o co._n 4._o inst_n 126._o that_o edmond_n de_fw-fr eincourt_n obtain_v from_o e._n 1._o a_o liberty_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n to_o assign_v his_o name_n and_o arm_n but_o that_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n do_v find_v that_o such_o a_o assignation_n without_o the_o king_n consent_n be_v void_a and_o with_o we_o if_o the_o king_n either_o confirm_v a_o right_n make_v of_o name_n and_o arm_n or_o accept_v a_o resignation_n upon_o that_o condition_n this_o be_v think_v equivalent_a to_o a_o original_a right_n though_o the_o descendent_a of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o arm_n be_v first_o grant_v may_v bear_v they_o yet_o the_o elder_a son_n who_o represent_v the_o receiver_n of_o the_o arm_n proper_o can_v only_o bear_v they_o entire_a by_o the_o law_n of_o spain_n molim_n l._n 2._o the_o hisp_n primog_n the_o same_o be_v observe_v in_o france_n colomb_n do_fw-mi de_fw-fr brisur_n and_o expilly_n relate_v à _fw-la decis_fw-la of_o the_o parliament_n of_o grenoble_n anno_fw-la 1496._o wherein_o they_o find_v that_o the_o cadet_n of_o the_o family_n can_v not_o bear_v the_o arm_n of_o it_o simple_o and_o without_o distinction_n the_o like_a be_v find_v by_o the_o parliament_n of_o tholouse_n anno_fw-la 1509._o in_o scotland_n and_o england_n the_o same_o be_v observe_v in_o piemount_n all_o the_o son_n of_o count_n bear_v the_o same_o arm_n without_o any_o other_o distinction_n save_v that_o the_o elder_a carry_v the_o crown_n of_o a_o count_n but_o the_o cadet_n do_v not_o tessaur_n decis_fw-la 270._o nu_fw-la 6._o in_o germany_n the_o several_a branch_n of_o great_a family_n distinguish_v themselves_o only_o by_o different_a crest_n without_o insert_v any_o addition_n in_o the_o arm_n themselves_o as_o menestrier_n observe_v pag._n 389._o the_o elder_a also_o of_o the_o three_o secular_a elector_n use_v in_o each_o of_o their_o coat_n the_o badge_n of_o their_o office_n as_o a_o mark_n of_o their_o office_n rather_o than_o as_o a_o distinction_n hop_v c._n 7._o and_o gaspar_n bombaci_n observe_v that_o there_o be_v few_o or_o no_o difference_n use_v in_o italy_n che_fw-it vuole_fw-it essempi_fw-la frequenti_fw-la di_fw-it arm_n di_fw-it un_fw-it medisimo_fw-la liguaggio_fw-mi ln_o vary_v guise_n non_fw-la sostantialment_fw-it maaccidentalment_fw-it diversificate_n bisogna_fw-it que_fw-fr esca_fw-la fuori_fw-la d'_fw-fr italia_n and_o i_o think_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o german_n use_v none_o be_v because_o all_o succeed_v equal_o there_o to_o the_o honour_n and_o estate_n likeas_n it_o seem_v that_o in_o italy_n the_o reason_n of_o frequent_a omit_v they_o be_v because_o there_o the_o cadet_n be_v ordinary_o churchman_n and_o these_o use_n nor_o need_v no_o mark_n of_o difference_n or_o cadency_n because_o they_o be_v to_o have_v no_o succession_n
of_o seatoun_n in_o the_o 2._o and_o 3._o arg_n a_o wing_a dragon_n vert_fw-fr vomit_v fire_n which_o dragon_n be_v the_o crest_n of_o his_o elder_a brother_n the_o earl_n of_o winton_n but_o i_o approve_v not_o this_o way_n of_o marshal_n and_o i_o will_v rather_o allow_v a_o second_o brother_n or_o any_o cadet_n when_o nobilitated_a to_o bear_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o house_n with_o a_o difference_n except_o he_o be_v oblige_v by_o his_o marry_v a_o heretrix_fw-la to_o quarter_v her_o arm_n or_o have_v get_v some_o symbol_n of_o his_o majesty_n favour_n to_o reward_v some_o great_a service_n do_v he_o some_o get_v cognisance_n and_o reward_n of_o honour_n from_o their_o prince_n not_o by_o way_n of_o impal_v or_o quarter_a but_o in_o a_o canton_n thus_o the_o earl_n of_o annandale_n get_v from_o king_n james_n the_o six_o in_o a_o canton_n arg_fw-mi a_o thistle_n vert_fw-fr crown_v or_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o elgin_n get_v in_o a_o canton_n a_o lion_n rampant_a gules_a arm_v azure_n sometime_o also_o a_o shield_n over_o all_o be_v give_v as_o a_o reward_n of_o honour_n thus_o the_o earl_n of_o stirling_n do_v bear_v two_o coat_n quarterly_a and_o over_o all_o a_o inescutcheon_n of_o nova_n scotia_n because_o he_o be_v the_o first_o planter_n of_o it_o when_o any_o nobleman_n at_o his_o creation_n take_v or_o get_v a_o new_a additional_a symbol_n as_o earl_n as_o montrose_n carry_v the_o rose_n not_o as_o grahame_n but_o as_o earl_n i_o think_v that_o these_o coat_n or_o symbol_n shall_v not_o be_v transmit_v to_o their_o cadet_n but_o be_v incommunicable_a as_o the_o honour_n be_v to_o signify_v which_o they_o be_v grant_v and_o such_o as_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o duke_n of_o lennox_n may_v as_o well_o take_v the_o symbol_n which_o he_o bear_v as_o admiral_n as_o such_o as_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o earl_n of_o montrose_n may_v take_v these_o rose_n which_o he_o bear_v as_o earl_n and_o yet_o custom_n have_v prevail_v against_o this_o rule_n follow_v the_o blazon_n of_o the_o coat_n in_o the_o plate_n of_o the_o quartering_n i._o quarterly_o first_o and_o last_o azure_n three_o flower_n de_fw-fr lis_fw-fr within_o a_o bordure_n ingrail_v or_o lennox_n by_o the_o title_n of_o obignie_a in_o france_n 2._o and_o 3._o or_o a_o fess_v checkie_a azure_a and_o argent_a within_o a_o bordur_n gules_a charge_v with_o 8_o buckle_n as_o the_o first_o by_o the_o name_n of_o stewart_n on_o a_o shield_n over_o all_o argent_fw-fr a_o saltire_n ingrail_v some_o give_v it_o plain_a betwixt_o 4_o rose_n gules_a by_o the_o name_n of_o lennox_z ii_o four_o coat_n quarterlie_o first_o azure_n 3_o boar_n head_n coup_v or_o huntly_n by_o the_o name_n of_o gordone_v second_o or_o 3_o lion_n head_n erase_v gules_a lingued_a azure_n by_o the_o name_n or_o title_n of_o badzenoch_n 3._o or_o 3_o crescent_n within_o a_o double_a tressure_n counterflower_v gules_a by_o the_o name_n of_o seaton_n four_o azure_a 3_o fraze_n argent_a by_o the_o name_n of_o frazer_n iii_o quarterly_o viz._n first_fw-mi azure_n a_o lion_n rampant_a argent_fw-fr crown_v or_o dowglas_n by_o the_o name_n of_o mcdoval_a second_o or_o a_o lion_n rampant_a gules_a surmount_v of_o a_o ribbon_n by_o some_o a_o cost_n sable_a by_o the_o name_n of_o abernethie_o three_o argent_a three_o pyles_n conjoin_v at_o the_o point_n gules_a by_o the_o name_n of_o wishart_n four_o or_o a_o fess_v checkie_a azure_n and_o argent_a surmount_v of_o a_o bend_v sable_a charge_v with_o 3_o buckle_n of_o the_o first_o by_o the_o name_n of_o stewart_n over_o all_o his_o paternal_a coat_n be_v argent_a a_o man_n heart_n crown_v gules_a on_o a_o chief_a azure_n 3_o star_n of_o the_o first_o by_o the_o name_n of_o dowglas_n iv._o two_o coat_n quarterly_a first_o or_o on_o a_o chief_a sable_n three_o escallop_n of_o the_o field_n by_o the_o name_n of_o grahame_n montrose_n second_o argent_a three_o rose_n gules_a by_o the_o title_n of_o montrose_n three_o as_o the_o second_o the_o four_o as_o the_o first_o v._o sutherland_n give_v the_o coat_n of_o huntly_n and_o over_o all_o that_o of_o sutherland_n but_o it_o be_v now_o change_v thus_o quarterly_o quarter_v first_o gules_a three_o star_n or_o by_o the_o name_n of_o sutherland_n second_o and_o three_o the_o arm_n of_o huntly_n viz._n gordone_v badzenoch_n seaton_n and_o frazer_n as_o may_v be_v see_v before_o in_o huntley_n achievement_n the_o last_o as_o the_o first_o vi_o rothes_n two_o coat_n quarterly_a first_o argent_a on_o a_o bend_n azure_n three_o buckle_n or_o by_o the_o name_n of_o lesly_n second_o or_o a_o lion_n rampant_a gules_a surmount_v of_o a_o ribbon_n sable_a be_v the_o name_n of_o abernethie_o three_o as_o the_o second_o the_o four_o as_o the_o first_o vii_o eglintone_n two_o coat_n quarterly_a first_o and_o last_o azure_n three_o flower_n de_fw-fr lis_fw-fr or_o by_o the_o name_n of_o montgomery_n second_o and_o three_o gules_a three_o annulet_n or_o stone_a azure_n by_o the_o name_n of_o eglinton_n three_o as_o the_o second_o the_o four_o as_o the_o first_o all_o within_o a_o bordure_n or_o charge_v with_o a_o double_a tressure_n counterflowred_a gules_a viii_o caithness_n quarterly_o first_o azure_n a_o ship_n at_o anchor_n her_o oar_n erect_v in_o saltire_n within_o a_o double_a tressure_n counterflowred_a or_o by_o the_o name_n of_o spar_n second_o and_o three_o or_o a_o lion_n rampant_a gules_a by_o the_o name_n of_o four_o azure_n a_o ship_n under_o sail_n or_o by_o some_o argent_a by_o the_o title_n of_o caithness_n over_o all_o divide_v the_o coat_n a_o cross_n ingrail_v sable_a by_o the_o name_n of_o stclair_n ix_o home_n quarterly_o first_o and_o last_o vert_fw-fr a_o lion_n rampant_a argent_fw-fr by_o the_o name_n of_o home_n second_o and_o three_o argent_a 3_o pepingo_n vert_fw-fr beck_v and_o member_v gules_a by_o the_o name_n pepdie_n over_o all_o on_o a_o shield_n or_o one_fw-mi orle_fw-mi azure_n by_o the_o name_n of_o landel_n x._o kellie_n two_o coat_n quarterly_a first_o gules_a a_o imperial_a crown_n within_o a_o double_a tressure_n counterflowred_a or_o as_o a_o coat_n of_o augmentation_n for_o his_o good_a service_n against_o the_o earl_n of_o gowrie_n second_o argent_a a_o pale_a sable_a by_o the_o name_n of_o areskine_n three_o as_o the_o second_o the_o four_o as_o the_o first_o xi_o weems_n two_o coat_n quarterly_a first_o or_o a_o lion_n rampant_a gules_a by_o the_o name_n of_o weem_n or_o mcduff_n second_o argent_a a_o lion_n rampant_a sable_a by_o the_o name_n of_o glen_n three_o as_o the_o second_o four_o as_o the_o first_o xii_o kincardin_n two_o coat_n quarterly_a first_o and_o four_o argent_a a_o lion_n rampant_a azure_n arm_v and_o languid_a gules_a as_o the_o old_a arm_n of_o the_o bruce_n when_o they_o be_v earl_n of_o carrick_n second_o and_o three_o or_o a_o saltire_n and_o chief_a gules_a by_o the_o name_n of_o bruce_n the_o reason_n why_o bishop_n and_o other_o officer_n have_v their_o own_o coat_n impale_v with_o those_o of_o their_o office_n be_v because_o they_o be_v in_o law_n in_o place_n of_o husband_n to_o their_o office_n and_o therefore_o the_o canon_n law_n call_v a_o bishop_n or_o other_o beneficed_a person_n maritus_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la but_o if_o so_o it_o may_v be_v ask_v why_o the_o bishop_n proper_a coat_n be_v not_o impale_v on_o the_o right_a side_n as_o the_o husband_n be_v when_o his_o wife_n coat_n be_v impale_v with_o his_o own_o to_o which_o the_o proper_a answer_n be_v that_o the_o church_n arm_n take_v place_n as_o the_o more_o nobleâ—_n and_o the_o bishop_n be_v husband_n by_o a_o figurative_a speech_n only_o the_o guarter_n of_o england_n who_o be_v the_o principle_n king_n at_o arm_n bear_v the_o arm_n pertain_v to_o the_o office_n which_o be_v argent_a a_o cross_a gules_a on_o a_o chief_a azure_n a_o crown_n environ_v with_o a_o guarter_n buckle_v and_o now_v betwixt_o a_o lion_n passant_a gardant_a and_o a_o flower_n de_fw-fr lis_fw-fr impale_v with_o his_o own_o coat_n sir_n charles_n areskin_n lion_n king_n of_o arm_n give_v the_o coat_n of_o the_o office_n be_v argent_a a_o lion_n sejant_n full-faced_n gules_a hold_v in_o his_o dexter_a paw_n a_o thistle_n slip_v vert_fw-fr and_o in_o the_o sinister_a a_o escutcheon_n of_o the_o second_o on_o a_o chief_a azure_n a_o st_n andrews_n cross_v as_o the_o first_o likewise_o empale_v with_o that_o belong_v to_o himself_o as_o the_o second_o brother_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o kellie_n but_o sometime_o the_o office_n have_v no_o know_a shield_n but_o one_fw-mi other_o symbol_n which_o be_v place_v without_o the_o shield_n thus_o the_o admiral_n carry_v a_o anchor_n the_o chancellor_n a_o purse_n the_o theasaurer_n a_o whit_n rod_n the_o lord_n chamberlain_z a_o key_n the_o constable_n two_o sword_n and_o the_o marshal_n batton_n chap._n xxv_o of_o
the_o name_n thus_o the_o lord_n cranston_n have_v for_o his_o crest_n a_o crane_n sleep_v with_o her_o head_n under_o her_o wing_n and_o sometime_o crest_n be_v take_v by_o nobleman_n from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o country_n as_o the_o earl_n of_o sutherland_n take_v a_o cat_n for_o his_o crest_n because_o sutherland_n be_v call_v cattu_n in_o irish_a and_o be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o great_a number_n of_o wild_a cat_n which_o be_v of_o old_a and_o yet_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o that_o shire_n sometime_o crest_n be_v take_v from_o some_o considerable_a deliverance_n thus_o the_o laird_n of_o anstruther_n give_v two_o hand_n grasp_a a_o pole-axe_n with_o the_o word_n perâ—issem_fw-la ni_fw-fr periâ—ssem_fw-la because_o his_o predecessor_n as_o be_v common_o report_v do_v strike_v off_o the_o head_n of_o the_o laird_n of_o barn_n with_o a_o pole-axe_n when_o he_o be_v come_v to_o his_o house_n with_o a_o intention_n to_o kill_v he_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o change_v the_o crest_n and_o colomb_n pag._n 4._o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o such_o as_o change_v their_o arm_n to_o retain_v a_o part_n of_o their_o old_a arm_n as_o a_o crest_n cadet_n also_o do_v and_o may_v change_v their_o crest_n thus_o dumfermling_n keep_v not_o the_o crest_n of_o winton_n nor_o kellie_n the_o crest_n of_o marr_n but_o it_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o cadet_n when_o they_o take_v crest_n to_o take_v a_o member_n or_o some_o small_a part_n of_o their_o chief_n crest_n or_o arm_n as_o ogilvie_n of_o birny_n have_v take_v the_o lion_n paw_n though_o it_o be_v ordinar_n to_o retain_v the_o chief_n crest_n mark_v by_o the_o ordinar_n difference_n or_o of_o a_o different_a colour_n chap._n xxx_o of_o crown_n the_o first_o origine_fw-la of_o crown_n in_o arm_n be_v from_o the_o roman_n app._n lib._n 2._o de_fw-fr bell._n civil_a for_o they_o reward_v the_o great_a action_n of_o their_o citizen_n and_o warrior_n with_o different_a and_o suitable_a crown_n which_o i_o have_v set_v down_o out_o of_o ingenious_a mr._n cartwright_n corona_n muralis_fw-la this_o be_v due_a to_o he_o that_o be_v first_o see_v upon_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o enemy_n corona_n castrensis_n for_o he_o that_o make_v a_o breach_n in_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o first_o a_o crown_n embattle_v or_o make_v with_o battlement_n be_v of_o gold_n the_o other_o of_o tower_n and_o then_o they_o have_v corona_n navalis_fw-la garnish_v with_o forecastle_n for_o service_n at_o sea_n make_v of_o gold_n too_o then_o corona_n ovalis_fw-la of_o myrtle_n for_o victory_n get_v with_o little_a hazard_n corona_n obsidialis_fw-la which_o be_v make_v of_o grass_n for_o he_o that_o preserve_v a_o army_n besiege_v corona_n civica_n for_o he_o that_o save_v a_o citizen_n from_o the_o enemy_n make_v of_o oaken_a bough_n corona_n olivaris_n of_o olive_n leave_v for_o victory_n in_o the_o olympic_a game_n and_o corona_n populea_fw-la for_o young_a man_n that_o be_v find_v industrious_a and_o studious_a in_o the_o exercise_n of_o virtue_n but_o i_o find_v that_o among_o these_o reward_n of_o honour_n that_o of_o ivy_n call_v corona_n hederalis_fw-la be_v only_o appropriate_v to_o the_o poet_n crown_n be_v still_o the_o infallible_a mark_n of_o kingly_a power_n and_o therefore_o sueâ—on_a in_o calligula_n life_n observe_v parum_fw-la abfuit_fw-la quin_fw-la diadema_fw-la sumeret_fw-la &_o speciem_fw-la principatus_fw-la in_o regnum_fw-la converteret_fw-la which_o expression_n i_o have_v set_v down_o to_o show_v that_o the_o roman_a emperor_n be_v then_o less_o than_o king_n in_o their_o title_n though_o great_a in_o their_o power_n as_o to_o the_o crown_n now_o bear_v they_o differ_v not_o only_o according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o bearer_n but_o according_a to_o the_o nation_n wherein_o they_o be_v bear_v for_o england_n and_o france_n differ_v much_o in_o this_o though_o the_o english_a acknowledge_v that_o they_o owe_v their_o heraldry_n to_o the_o french_a i_o 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