the Malecontents of the Prince's Party were above measure disturbed foreseeing that this loss was a true prefage of their utter ruine The French on the other side proud of so fortunate Success resolved to make a farther progress and without making stop resolved to take Libourne and thereupon whilest the Duke of Vendosme staid in Bourg to give such Orders as were necessary and to dispatch away Artillery and Provisions fitting for the Enterprise Monsieur d'Estrades with 1200 Foot and 400 Horse after two dayes stay marched towards it and in his passage took the Castles of Savagnac and Laubardemont and passed the River Iolla the 9th of Iuly the Foot in Boats at Guistres and the Horse a League from thence at the Foord of Coustras The Place was next day viewed and Quarters set out for the Troops until the coming of Vendosme who the 11th day at Night arrived with the Cannon and Ammunition going up the Dordogne and passing happily under the Enemies Fort not above half Pistol shot off by the assistance of the Galley being one of those appointed for his Guard which was commanded by Monsieur de la Monnerie Commissary General of the Admiralty after which the Trench was begun on that side of the River where the Duke of Vendosme was lodged and the care of this Attack was given to the Count of Montesson Colonel of the Regiment of Bretagne and a Battery of two pieces of Cannon d' Estrades attacked on the other side of the River Ille and Monsieur de St. Romain assisted in making the Approaches and another Battery with the Regiment of Douglass In this mean time the besieged made a great Salley on that side with Horse and Foot but were so briskly repulsed that they durst never after peep abroad Both the Attacks were advanced with so much vigour that the second day the French were Masters of two Half-Moons in one of which they took 17 prisoners and a breach being there opened on the Duke's side and a Mine ready to be sprung on that of d' Estrades the besieged upon the 17th of Iuly founded a Parley and demanded the same Terms as were granted unto Bourg but 't was refused them the French thinking it not reasonable that Libourne should think it self 'equal to Bourg at last it was agreed That as to the French and Irish Souldiers they should be Prisoners of Warr the Officers should have liberty to return to their own houses and twelve onely should have liberty to carry the Baggage away with them The Souldiers who were about 800 divided themselves under the King's colours where they voluntarily entred themselves into Service The Justice of the King's Cause was visibly approved by the facility wherewith these two Important Places were gained by his Forces and the diligence and abilities of his Captains appeared likewise to be very great and particularly in the Enterprise of Libourne which being Garrison'd by more than 800 Souldiers in pay was besieged and taken by an Army of 2200 Foot and Four hundred Horse the remainder of the Troops being divided part of them placed in Garrison at Bourg part part left to make good the Posts of Castillon and Monreal and the rest Commanded upon several Parties by the Generals upon the notice they got by Letters of Marsin intercepted and undeciphered that his Lieutenants marched with some Troops of Perigord and Quercy unto the relief of that place which being the principal foundation of the subsistance of Bourdeaux was furnished with all things necessary for the holding out of a long Siege This second loss put all the Inhabitants into a wonderful apprehension and the Prince's Party lost much of their first Credit the people crying out That in lieu of the Succour which they hoped for they were contriving to cast them into the slavery abominated by them The Citizens therefore made several Assemblies and examining the state of their Affairs found clearly that their hopes of subsistence were very small without speedy Succour which could not be elsewhere had but from Spain or England they therefore sent away to sollicite the Catholique King's Generals for their promised Succours and failed not to request of General Cromwell That he would open the Passage of the River and give maintenance unto that City which would bring so great advantages to England But the Spaniards who desired very much to perform this Request wanted Forces and the English who could with ease have done it had no thoughts of putting it in execution The French who saw well that Expedition was the Mother of Success and were sensible that either the Spaniard might get Forces or the English an inclination to succour Bourdeaux disposed themselves with extraordinary diligence to put in execution all those things which might serve to reduce that People speedily under obedience and therefore Libourne being taken they quarter'd their Troops as near as possibly they could to Bourdeaux that they might incommodate the Citizens and deprive them of all communication with the Countrey The Duke of Vendosme held the Castle of Lermont all the Countrey between the two Seas and by means of the Fleet was Master of the River The Duke of Candale with his Forces divided upon the principal Passes was Master of all the Avenues having to back them the Fort Casar the Bourg of Blanquefort and the Quarter of Begle and thereby hindred the City from receiving any Relief on that side where they had before got it and expected it afresh from Spain and the Count de Marin was sent to take the Castle de la Teste de Certes wherein was that Garrison which had facilitated the Count de Fiesco his passage formerly But although 't were certain that Force was the securest means to restore the King's Authority within that City yet considering it might be long first 't was thought fit to try the means for reducing the Inhabitants unto a voluntary submission The House of Espernon had in it a great number of Creatures and well-affected persons gained by their long abiding in those Parts who notwithstanding the Seditious Cabals had alwaies retained their good affections Which made it easie for the Duke of Candale a Prince generally beloved for his Virtuous and Noble Qualities to set on foot a Treaty upon this design with the well disposed Citizens By means therefore of Friends and Confidents there being many others disposed to Peace they thought fit to attempt the means of bringing it about The multitudes of Country people running into the City for fear of the Souldiers served wonderfully to make the scarcity of Provisions appear because the Corn being with great dexterity bought up and hidden in private houses and the Mills being out of order by biding of the stones and other implements the Bakers were not able to find Bread sufficient to furnish such a multitude whereupon the throng of people who were present at the distribution of it began to think that the want was extream great and that therefore the publick
Friends put forth a Declaration wherein the Prince promised to second the Duke of Orleans in making the Coadjutor Cardinal All these acts were by Croisy and Camertine intimate friends to the Coadjutor carried to the Duke of Orleans who underwrit two copies without reading them nor knew he what the contents were more than what the Coadjutor was pleased to acquaint him with Without whose suggestion doubtlesly Orleans intended no ill to the Cardinal nor would the Princes friends have demanded more than the Prince his liberty which when it should have been had the Parliament would not have prest for keeping the Cardinal from Court These writings being afterwards carried to the Princess Palatine and to the Duke of Nemeurs to be subscribed by them they agreed that they should remain with Croisy who was to deliver them to the Duke of Orleans or to Conde when he should be at liberty Incouraged by these Treaties the Frondeurs began to solicit the Princes liberties which made the Cardinal aware ere long of Orleans his alienation from him not so much out of any coolness that he found in him as for the bad speeches which many of his Court used concerning him but he was not yet fully inform'd of the secret plots that were a weaving against him and it was strange that so many days being spent in these Treaties he got no perfect notice of them they were too far advanc't before he perceived them so as after having imploi'd many persons in Messages and Proposals he at last offer'd in the presence of both King and Queen to be reconciled but this was rather in appearance than real but though Orleans forbore not the Cardinals Conversation and Dined sometimes with him yet after he had underwritten the aforesaid Treaties he could not so well dissemble as not to discover his inward mind The Cardinal who was not to be parallel'd for wariness finding this and knowing that there could be nothing but the ill impressions suggested by the Frondeurs and of his other Enemies speaking thereof with the Queen in her Chamber on the Twenty sixth of Ianuary at night told her that her Majesty must warily observe the proceedings of Parliament where it might be there were Fairfaxes and Cromwells The Duke who minded nothing but how to execute the Coadjutors suggestions thought the pretence fit to give fire to the Mine so as the Parliament being met on the first of February to think of the fittest means how to get the Princes out of Prison being perswaded that the Court did not desire it and that the Kings promise was only to gain time the Coadjutor being now sure to be assisted by Orleans unmasked himself and spoke more freely than before he shewed how necessary it was to get the Princes liberty as soon as might be and that he had order from the Duke to assure them that this was his opinion which he would imploy all his power to effect The Counsellors wonder'd much to hear this for believing hitherto that the Duke stood well with the Queen they could not discern whence this alteration should proceed Beaufort ratified what the Coadjutor had said and declared that he was of the same mind nothing was resolved upon that day for the Members being astonished at the novelty adjourn'd till the next day and the Coadjutor going to acquaint Orleans how well the Parliament was pleased with what he had told them in his name made him the more inamored with their applause and established him more firmly in the Resolution which he had taken Monsieur Tillier going at that instant to know from the Duke whether what the Coadjutor had said in Parliament was by his Highness permission or no or done barely by the Coadjutors self answered somewhat angrily that what the Coadjutor had said was done by his desire and that he should always approve of what he should say or do The whole Court was much surprised with this answer and made them resolve to send to Treat with the Princes touching their liberty The next day the Duke of Orleans moved thereunto by the Coadjutor sent for the Lord Keeper for Marishal Villeroy and for the Secretary of State Tillier and bad them tell the Queen in his name That he would never come to Court nor sit in Council as long as the Cardinal was there and said further to Villeroy That as Lieutenant General of the State he assigned over the keeping of the King's person unto him which his head should be answerable for On Friday the third of February having with yet greater energie by order from Orleans repeated his opinion touching the Princes liberty told the Assembly how the Cardinal had told the Queen in presence of the King that there were Fairfaxes and Cromwells in the Parliament that it was to be feared that their intentions were to suppress Regal Authority according to the example of England That the Duke not able to tolerate so great a Calumny had assured the King that it was altogether false and that there was none but faithful servants to his Majesty either in the Parliament or City whereof he would become surety both in general and in particular and that the Duke had told the Cardinals self that he was a wicked man and worthy to be reprehended for instilling such ill opinions into a young King against his affectionate Subjects by whom his Majesty was generally loved their hatred extending only to the Cardinal whom they knew to be the only cause of the Kingdoms ruine And that upon this the Duke had sent the day before for the aforesaid Lords and had wisht them to tell the Queen that he would come no more to Court whilst the Cardinal was there At the names of Cromwell and Fairfax they were all highly scandalized insomuch as three propositions were made against the Cardinal the first that he should be made Prisoner the second and this was made by President Viola who was more incens'd against him than all the rest that he should be sent for to the Parliament to give an account of his Administration and for the words which he had said to the dishonour of the French Nation Here the first President interrupted him saying he was too hasty and after some contest between him and Coulin who spoke impertinently against the Cardinal the third proposal was made which was humbly to desire the Queen that he might be sent from Court the meanwhile the Coadjutor's friends having divulged throughout the City the aforesaid words spoken by the Cardinal of Cromwell and Fairfax the male-contents resented it and said they were injured for the French do not only love but even idolatrize their King so as in a moment the whole City which was quiet before grew mutinous the people running up and down the Streets yea even in the Palace it self crying out Let the King live and let Mazarine dye The Queen sent the next day to the Duke of Orleans to know whether he would be content or no that
also of the Messieurs della Forza except the Marquess who was in Normandy and intended to do as Bullion and Turenne should do he sent Gurville back to Paris the same night that together with Gaucourt who attended the Duke of Orleans on his behalf they might tell Orleans that he could not upon any terms accept of the conference desired in Richelieu For that having disbursed much money in raising men and being ready to declare this might suspend their resolution and make his Officers retard the levies which were already begun intending to make use of the monies which they had received in case of agreement moreover his conditions with the Spaniards would be broken and he should be much puzled not being able to rely upon the Dukes constancy who adhered to the Coadjutor his declared Enemy The Duke accepted of the Prince his justification and though he did effectually follow the Coadjutors advice yet he always declared for the Prince against all men except the King's person But Conde and those of his party finding that the Coadjutor did still cross him in all things and that he would ingage with the Court out of the hopes of being made Cardinal and fearing also that if he should close Orleans might by the Coadjutors means fail him he bethought himself with his trustiest friends how he might rid himself of the Coadjutor whom he apprehendedmuch for that he was very bold revengful had many abettors and infinitely ingenious Some were for killing him presently but the Prince who was of a more generous mind would not give way unto it declaring his hatred to all Treachery but he resolved to remove him from Paris and to imprison him somewhere else which being resolved upon Gurville a man of a ready wit and lively spirit had the imployment given him who taking it upon him authorized under the Prince his hand who made him plenipotentiary he sent for some of his friends and kindred to Paris and causing Monsieur della Roche to come from Danvilliers with others that depended upon him and in whom he durst boldly trust feigning afterwards to go from Paris and to go for Germany to take the Elector of Brandenburg's Forces into pay which being to be cashiered by reason of the peace made with the Duke of Newburg he kept concealed in the City and calling his men together he told them that he had orders from the Prince to make a great man Prisoner and not telling them who it was save only two in whom he thought he might safely confide and who always followed the Coadjutor who telling him one night that he was in the Dutchess Chevereux house he placed his confidents between the Gates du Conference and le Guichet commanding them not to stir from thence He moreover placed 15 Foot over against the Louvre and he himself stood near Chevereux her house to observe his coming out hoping that if he went not along the River he might advance his men to the new Bridge and to the Ponte de nostre dame if his Coach should go by the Râ—e St. Honore but the Coadjutor went out in a Coach with Ladies and his own Coach followed without Torches which made them believe he was not yet gone The next day the Coadjutor was not very well and kept his house But Gurville being told that he was the next day in a house at Marets where he used to entertain himself at night he diligently assembled his men but not so many as were sufficient to have all things in readiness before he came out So as Gurville failed in his design Gurville had always a Coach with him to put the Coadjutor into The design was to carry him to Danvilliers with 15 or 20 Horse which was not hard to do but the Heavenly influences having power over mortals actions we must believe that they seconded not these designs for though the Coadjutor suspected not these plots yet being wish'd by his friends to be circumspect he withdrew himself to his house early and went not out by night not so much out of any apprehension of the Prince as of the Cardinal least he should have indeavoured his death and lay the fault upon the Prince who was his more discovered Enemy So as Gurville perceiving that in many days the Coadjutor returned home late but once and then well accompanied he feared that he was discovered and therefore fearing some disaster might befall himself he resolved to return and to put off the business till a more favourable conjuncture of time he therefore sent his men away secretly and he withdrew himself cautiously from all publick Company Monsieur de la Roche went from Gurenne with Monsieur de Fay Lieutenant of the Prince of Countie's Guard as he came from Brussels but he was stopt at Chastres it being thought that he brought the Princes treaty with Spain along with him wherefore he was imprisoned together with a servant of his who being interrogated upon pain of death what company his master had kept since he went from Danvilliers said that he met with many as he came along the River and that he feared Gurville had a design to make somebody Prisoner which was interpreted to be the Coadjutor who did all he could to come by the certainty thereof but though he could have no certain proofs thereof he was perswaded that Gurville would have detain'd him wherefore he also indeavoured to take Gurville in his return but without success Count Tavanes who as hath been said was gotten to Stenay and to the neighbouring places with the Prince his Troops knowing that he could not subsist in those parts sought how to get with his men into Guienne where the Prince wanted old Soldiers But finding the chief passes possessed by the King's Soldiers he sent to Flanders to negotiate with the Spaniards and being promised to be received by them he past with his Troops over the Mause and retreated towards Charlemont where being eyed by the King's Forces under the Command of Marishal Ferte Senetre he with much danger past over part of Luxemburg and going over the River Semoy near Sedam and then by Liege he repast over the Mause at the Bridge of Gives and entred safely into Hamault and so having with these few Forces escaped the King's Soldiers they were received and quartered in the Spanish Towns whereby France was freed of their continual inroads And the Spaniards intentions being to let all other things alone and foment civil war in France they furnished the said Tavanes with monies as well to satisfie his Soldiers who for want thereof lessened daily some running away some dying for want as to make them fit to go through with their design in pursuit whereof the Spaniards failed not to increase the jealousies and distasts which the Parliament of England pretended to have received from France as well for the welcome which the King of great Britain and his followers received there and for their inciting the Scots to go against
ought never to believe where they had once deceived nor think to find truth in those who had been so fouly false But Prince Thomaso of Savoy who had a chief hand in the Government and who as a Forreigner desired what might be most serviceable to their Majesties wisely weighing the prejudice which might be received by suffering favourable occasions to escape their hands was for entring Paris without delay for driving the prime Seditious out and as the Princes had made use of the popularity to strengthen their party so the King ought to serve himself of the same to overthrow the contrary faction Turenne was of the same Opinion who considering that the parts about Paris were totally ruin'd and the King's Army consequently but ill maintain'd said It was requisite to be Masters of Paris in respect of the abundance of all things there and that without that City the King might be called a Prince without a Crown This Opinion was imbraced In pursuance hereof the Mareschal de l'Hospitall the Provost des Merchants and the Sheriffs being restored to their places went with the said Colonels into Paris to the great satisfaction of the people Those of the contrary party indeavoured to keep them from coming into the City saying That they would find but little safety there amongst a people that hated them And Orleans said in particular That he not being able to promise them any thing they ought to think what a hazard they should run But these Threats did no good for being informed how well the people were disposed to receive the King they were also assured to be made welcome The Mareschal de l'Hospitall presently took possession of the Bastile and of the Arsenal putting out Louvieres and order was taken through all the Corners and Streets of the City that the people might rest quiet His Majesty ordered his Parliament at Pontoise to meet on the Two and twentieth day afterwards at the Louvre where he intended himself to lodge and the King of England who lived in the Cardinal's Palace withdrew himself he moreover writ to the Commonalty that his Majesty would make his Entry the same Two and twentieth day that therefore Souldiers should be removed from the Gates and that all Inhabitants should exercise their Professions which was speedily done and all the Guards were taken off Madamoiselle was made acquainted that the Duke of Anjou being to lye in her Lodgings at the Louvre she was to leave them which she unwillingly did retiring to the House provided for extraordinary Embassadours in the Suburbs of St. Germains near the Duke her Father's House On Monday Morning the Parliament met whither Orleans Beaufort Estampes and other Lords met President Nesmond told them He had received a Letter from the King and that the like was sent to every particular Councellour willing them to be the next Morning at the Louvre to understand his Majesties will touching the particular Affairs Orleans and twelve other Councellours said they had received none which they seemed to resent much and were greatly abashed finding that their ends were utterly ruin'd the business was debated The King's party being call'd to speak their Opinion were for the Parliaments Meeting in the Gallery at the Louvre Those who had received no Letters knowing thereby that they were in disgrace opposed it shewing how harmful such a president might be to the priviledge of Parliament Nesmond said The King might keep his Parliament in what place of Paris he pleased alledging that the like had formerly been done in the time of Henry the 2d and Henry the 3d. He moreover said That la Camera delle Vacationi had resolved to carry the Cloth of State and the King's Seat of Justice into the same Gallery and that it behoved them to obey the major part agreeing herein They resolved to be the next Morning by Sun-rising at the place appointed in red Robes Yet the Councellours Meusniera and Refuge were appointed to acquaint the Chancellour and Guard de Seaux how prejudicial this would be to the King's Service and to their Authority The same 21 of October their Majesties and the whole Court went from St Germains towards Paris whither about noon came the Chancellour and Guard de Seaux and after them the Presidents Noyon and Cognieux The King din'd at Ruell in the Dutchess of Aiguillon's Palace where he was nobly entertain'd by the said Dutchess from hence he sent Count Noget one who was very zealous in the King's Service to acquaint the Duke of Orleans with his Majesties coming and to wish him as from himself to meet and complement his Majesty assuring him that he should be gratiously received The Duke was strangely surprised not thinking that the King would come so unexpectedly to Paris where the unquiet disposition of those yet remained who had so much outraged his Authority He answered the Count coldly That he askt eight dayes to give his Resolution since he could not do it without acquainting the Prince of Conde with it with whom he was ingaged in friendship The King being come to St. Clous and hearring no news of the Dukes coming sent the Duke to say the same thing unto him His Highness was much beset with two weighty considerations on the one side he was troubled to think he must deny to pay his due respects to his Nephew the King on the other side he feared to fail in his friendship to the Prince of Conde which might make the World doubt whether he did it out of necessity or out of any other respect At last he resolved not to go and it was thought he did it by the advice of the Cardinal de Retz who thought if the Duke would tarry in Paris he might inable him against the Court by many who depended upon him The mean while the Mareschal de l'Hospitalle the Provost de Merchants the Sheriffs and others who were met in the Town-House prepared to meet the King with all Magnificency and to Welcome him as became faithful Subjects to do They met his Majesty with a great number of civil People besides Magistrates and Officers and returned that night with him to Paris 't was late ere the King arrived for he linger'd by the way expecting Orleans his coming not thinking it fit to enter the City whilst he was there or that he would promise to go out the next morning for it became not Regal Dignity that he should tarry there without seeing his Majesty He was met by a great number of people without the Gates of all Conditions above 300000 persons came to see his Entry which he made on Horse-back accompanyed by the King of England Prince Thomaso by a great number of Princes Dukes and Mareschals of France and other Lords who were then in the City The Queen came after the King in Coach together with the Duke of Aâ—â— jou she entred by Port St. Honore and went by the Cardinal's Palace where the King of great Britain lighted from Horse-back
By this fortunate success the French should have fallen upon Cremona which in this confusion would soon have yielded but they forbore the attempt for two reasons the one was necessity for they wanted Victuals and Artillery to batter The other for that the whole Council of War agreed that it would be better to pass over the River Adda without engaging in any Siege and march into the bowels of the State of Millain whereby depriving the people of gathering in their Harvest which was yet in the fields they might ruine them but they failed in this for being forc'd to tarry for the getting of Victuals they were forced to tarry at Cava longer than they thought to have done Howsoever they attempted to pass over at Maeastorna and at several other parts but still in vain by reason that the River was so swoln by the great fall of Rain and by the Spaniards vigilant Guards They therefore retreated to Crotta and advanced to Spinadesco and from thence with their whole Army drew neer Cremona placing their Artillery against the Fortifications which the besieged raised at the Mills upon the Poe. The Marquiss of Caracena was glad that the Enemies Army which he feared would have pass'd over Adda sat down before Cremona for knowing that he could relieve it as he lifted he thought to make them wait their Forces there to no purpose He therefore re-enforced the Garrison again and failed not in the part of an expert and valiant Commander Wherefore the French knowing how hard it is to take Towns that may be relieved by Water they fought to keep the Spaniards from coming upon the Poe but failed for other Armed Vessels coming out against them they forsook their Boots and got to land The Duke of Modena would have fallen upon the City with all his Forces as being but weakly walled which being gotten the Castle might be brought to yield the more easily being to be invironed by a few men He alleadged the Example of Tortona when Prince Thomaso took it and was seconded in his opinion by Marquiss Villa who was then come thither with a recruit of 3000 Horse and 2000 choice Foot accompanied by Marquiss St. Andrea Lieutenant-General Mombrune and by Marquiss Monte who commanded in the third place But Marquiss Plessis Pralin and other French Commanders diverted them making them resolve to fall onely upon the Castle because they had not Foot enough to assault the large compass of the City in several parts and for that the Castle being taken the rest would soon be had This advice prevailing the French pass'd over the Water which runs by the side of the Castle and advanc'd against the Half-Moon of Ambrosio where they fortified themselves Don Alvano di Chignones Governour of the Castle came out against them and fought them many of both sides were slain of the French Monsieur de la Lieu Mareschal of the Camp and Monsieur Guillotiere was mortally Wounded And of the Besieged Count Piatti Don Giuseppe Monpavone and Don Carlo Stampa were slain The Duke then endeavoured to block up the Poe with a strong and long Chain but did no good for the Besieged sallying out ever and anon with many choice Souldiers hindred them amongst other Sallies one was remarkable made by Don Diego Quintano a Spanish Camp-master by night on the 19 th of August where both sides fought bravely where the same Quintano with many other brave Officers were slain and of the French Count Vaian was slain and Count Navayles mortally Wounded Other actions past daily wherein sometimes one sometimes another had the advantage but the French fared always worst They were chiefly prejudiced by Marquiss Villa his failing to pass over Ada who went from his quarters to the Camp to advise with the Duke and Marshal where whilst he staid expecting the springing of a Mine which the French gave fire unto he was slain by a Cannon with much sorrow to the whole Army and much grief to the Dutchess of Savoy of whom he had deserved very well by his long and faithful service yet the French continued the Siege more fervently than before and though they were still worsted yet they forbore not making attempts At length the expected Forces from France not appearing who were retarded by the troubles which hapned in that Kingdom the French Army being much lessened and the Spaniard's increased they resolved to raise the Siege The French discamped on the 8 th of October and retreated to Castore and when they had carried their Artillery Baggage and Sick folks to Monticello they went to Rebecko Thus did this Campaigne end unfortunately which was thought at first would have proved glorious for France The Austrians happiness was afterwards Crown'd with the Marriage between the King of Spain and his Niece Anna Maria Daughter to the Emperour Ferdinand the 3 d. She was first designed for a Wife to the Prince of Spain who dying and the King of Spain having no Issue Male he resolved to marry her himself and writ to the Emperour that in remembrance of his Daughter the Empress he had chosen her for his Wife whom he intended for his Daughter The Marriage-Ceremonies were made by the Cardinal d'Arach and the King of Hungary married her on the 8 th of November in the King of Spain's Name THE HISTORY OF FRANCE The SECOND BOOK The CONTENTS The Queen being displeased with the Parliament goes out of Paris with the King and the whole Court Retreats to St. Germains Great Rumours arise hereupon The People incited by some seditious people take up Arms. Both sides prepare for War The City is at last besieged by the King Before which several accidents happen The Duke d'Elboeuf is with great applause chosen General of the Parisians The Prince of Conty and Duke Longueville come to Paris Conty goes to Roan and Longueville is declared Generalissimo The Siege continues with advantage to the King Arch-Duke Leopold sends to offer himself to the Parisians Victuals grow scarce The Inhabitants are aware of their loss An Agreement is endeavoured Peace concluded Agreement is made in Italy between the King of Spain and the Duke of Modena The King of England is beheaded by the common Hangman The Spaniards make divers attempts in Catalonia Some proceedings in Flanders WAR being resolved upon against Paris by the King 's Privy Council consisting of the Queen the Duke of Orleans the Prince of Condé the Cardinal the Marshals of Milleray and Villeroy the Abbot della Reviera and Monsieur Tilliere Secretary of State it was held expedient that the King together with all the great ones of the Court should go out of Paris to the end that the Sun being vanished which illuminates the City she might remain in that obscurity whereinto her own indiscretion had concentrated her About the beginning of the year 1649 the Queen and Cardinal went in a Coach together after Dinner to L'Hostelle d'Orleans to agree upon many things with the Duke touching their Majesties going
they obtained from him in these words We do consent and approve that the Nobility do Assemble to give in their grievances in writing so asthey put them into our hands and that they comprehend not any thing therein which is not conformable to the orders and decrees of the States General and that when they shall have received satisfaction in their grievances they dissolve when we shall bid them Vpon these conditions we promise them our protection This was written and subscribed on the second of February 1651. They then sent to the Prince of Conde and to the other Princes to congratulate their liberty and Marquess Lordis President of the Nobility made an Encomiastical Oration to the Prince the act of Union was subscribed on the 21 th of February as it had been drawn up seventeen days before by all the Nobility of the Assembly except the elder Marquess Vieville who was won over to the Court upon hope of being made superintendant of the Finances The Princes were well satisfied with the Assemblies complement they then dispatched away Letters through all the Provinces to exhort all other Gentlemen to enter into their Union and continued the Assembly that they might advance their designs Count Fiesco did very much labour the Convocation of the States General as the only means to come by the wisht for general peace strove to keep the Clergy firm to their first intentions and accordingly Archbishop Ambrune and Bishop Cominges spoke boldly for this Convocation using examples and places of Scripture to draw all men to the same opinion In this interim the Parliament which did not like the Convocation of the States General as well for fear left their Authority might thereby be moderated and that the Sale of places might peradventure be thereby suppressed and confer'd upon better deserving men as also out of the innate jealousie which is commonly found between Parliaments and States the latter pretending to be superior in Authority and the other did maintaining that States can resolve nothing unless it be by them verified notwithstanding met And here Monsieur de Coqueley brought a request presented by the Procurator General wherein he blamed the Assembly of the Nobility for being met without the King's Authority and insisted upon the inhibiting thereof but whilst they were deliberating hereupon and that the first President moved that the first Authors thereof should be punished reading the Letters sent by the Assembly to the several Provinces wherein the Duke of Orleans was concerned by whose permission the Assembly met that Duke and the Prince of Conde were intreated to come to the Parliament to deliberate upon this weighty affair for the Assembly began to be in great vogue in the Provinces and there was danger that by continuing the Assembly new disorders might arise This mean while the Queen by agreement with the Duke of Orleans and the Prince of Conde sent on the 16 th of March to the Marishal de L' Hospitalle to inform the aforesaid meeting that it should break up and that as for their desire of having the States General called they should have it granted to meet on the first of October next at Tours The same was confirmed by the Duke of Orleans and the Captain of his Guard past his word that what had been said by the Marishal de L' Hospitalle in the name of the King and Queen should be punctually perform'd The like did the Cavaliere de Vieville by order from the Princes of Conde and County none of which were pleased with the calling of the States General as things too prejudicial to Regal Authority and to themselves in particular and therefore they sought by such excuses and promises to carry things on to the end that all might afterwards dissolve into nothing The Duke of Orleans instigated by the Coadjutor who partook of all his secret Councils became Protector of the Assembly of the Nobility the major part whereof depended upon him as being his intimate friends And the Coadjutor being very much troubled that even French Cardinals were by Decree of Parliament debar'd being of the Privy Council whereby he was deprived of his hope of becoming the chief Minister of State and of being Cardinal made the Duke of Orleans incourage the Clergy to joyn with the Nobility and to complain onto the Queen of the unjust proceedings of Parliament whereat the Court was not at all displeased seeing her adversaries at variance within themselves This Assembly of the Nobility was introduced when the King's Authority began to totter by reason of the hatred conceived against the Cardinal and it was begun by certain Bishops who were discontented at the Court proceedings and by certain Nobles who were not therewith well pleased only to make a noise and to make themselves of some consideration at first these Assemblies were held but by a few and in private houses The chief Authors of those of the Clergy were the Archbishop of Sens Brother to Marquess Termer the Bishops of Orleans Haghen and the old Bishop of Albi who were all three of the house of Bene and come to France from Florence the Bishop of Cominges and others the Marquess of Lourdis and of Vieville the Counts of Betumirs Fiesco Montresore Vrse Fourilles Montignack and others who were all without any charge and but little considered at Court they took their pretence from some ill usage of the Nobility in the Country of Vexin by the King's Officers about a suit touching some counterbar'd Salt brought in by the Soldiers and hid amongst their baggage in the March which the Army made towards the Frontiers some of them came to Paris to complain thereof and finding men displeased at the imprisonment of the Princes and laying hold of that pretence that Mazarine had told the Queen in full Council that the Nobility of France hated the King and that the Parliament would do as that of England had done they bethought themselves of calling the Assemblies by the Assent and Authority of the Duke of Orleans who was not altogether content with the Court. So as nothing but novelty was sought after whereby to win credit and get some Office or place in the King's Council The same whereof being spread over the whole Kingdom so numerous was the concourse of Prelates and of Cavaliers as they became formidable not only to the Court and Parliament but even to the Princes who had first protected the Assembly for they thought that the States General would moderate their power by taking away their Governments and places and that peradventure they would take the boldness of England for when the third Estate should concur and the States General should be met the Arbitrement of affairs would almost depend upon these Afterwards private houses proving too little for these Assemblies they were adjourned to the Covent of St. Francis and St. Augustine where in the great Halls thereof affairs were disposed of in good order But this being done without the King's
on the Ninteenth of August passing first by Turennes Army which advanced from Lagny towards Brie and pursuing his journey he came to Bedam and from thence to Bovillon where he stayed Conde hearing that he was gone whereby all pretence of War ceased sent Marquess Ierze to the Lorraine Army whither was come the Succor which Wirtemberg brought the Princes with orders to fall upon the Cardinal in his journey and take him prisoner But the Spaniards who liked it not acquainted him with it so he escaped the danger The very same day the King went from Pontois and that he might win the more upon the Parisians when he came to Campaigne he published an Act of Amnesty wherein after a short account of all that had past from One thousand six hundred forty and eight till then he granted a General Pardon and Abolition of all that had been done against his Majesties service nulling whatsoever had been done by his decrees upon occasion of the present troubles from the first of February One thousand six hundred fifty and one till then as also his Majesties Declarations of September and the eight of October that year upon condition that Orleans Conde County and their whole party should lay down Arms within three days after the publication of the said Amnesty and to that purpose Orleans should within three days send a writing to his Majesty subscribed by himself wherein he should renounce all Treaties Confederacies and Leagues with any whatsoever without the Kings leave and that Conde and County should do the like and that they within the same time should put necessary orders into the Kings hands to make the Spaniards who were in Stenay Burg or in any other places to go from thence as also to make the Enemies Ships depart from the Coasts of France that Orleans and Conde should cause the Foreign Forces which were about Paris to march directly towards the Coast of Flanders and join their Forces to them of Turenne and Ferte Senetre and also all Forces that were farther off within fifteen days declaring that who should not do what was contained in this Amnesty within three days should not partake thereof wherein the King did only except such faults as had been committed between particular people of the same party which he left to the due course of Law This Amnesty with this bundle at its breech seemed a piece of cunning to those who liked it not saying that those not being therein comprehended who had fought Duels or assaulted the publick Pallace on the fourth of Iuly the King might punish whom he would under colour of this Riot It did not withstanding make impression upon those who liked not the cavil of the Princes and Frondeurs but had thought that when the Cardinal should be gone the Princes and Parliament would throw themselves at the Kings feet But though neither the Princes nor Frondeurs had any thought of accepting the Amnesty yet they appeared zealous of the general good seeming very well pleased that the Cardinal was gone Orleans and Conde went to the Parliament where it was decreed that thanks should be sent to his Majesty for dismissing Mazarine all the chief Companies and the whole body of the City did the like And soon after the Parliament resolved to intreat the King to return to Paris and the Princes declared they were ready to lay down arms when a good Amnesty should be granted Orleans sent an express to the Duke Anville who was a friend of his and one whom the King loved and who was very faithfull to the Queen to get Pasports from his Majesty for such Commissioners as were to negotiate a final Peace But Anville having detained the Messenger three days sent him back without an answer for it seemed not decent that the King should enter into other Treaties having supplyed all things with an Amnesty and intended that the Princes should presently lay down arms as they had offered to do when the Cardinal was gone from Court Anville writ therefore back to the Duke of Orleans telling him that he thought his request would be granted if his desire were made directly to the King which being done Marishal de Estampes had a Pass sent him to come to Court not as a Commissioner but as a Courtier and at the same time certain private Treaties were renued between Secretary Goulas Marquis Chasteaneuse and the Dutchess of Aguillon the contents whereof was to slave Orleans off from joyning with Conde whose declarations made in Parliament and to the Court were clearly found not to be real since at the same time that he said he was ready for Peace he protested at Madrid and Brussels that he would alwaies join with the Crown of Spain and continue war and did negotiate in England for assistance in his designs that therefore all assistance in France should be taken from him without which he would be but a bare Captain of the King of Spain and would be able to do but little against so powerfull a Kingdom when it should be wholly obedient to the King The Prince his Forces lay this mean while behind the River between Surene and St. Clou expecting Recruits from Flanders and those fruitfull hills being full of Vineyards and grapes beginning then to grow ripe the Soldiers did very much prejudice the people in these parts at whose requests they were sent to St. Victoire where some Soldiers quarreling with the Citizens upon the Guard five or six of the inhabitants were slain and twenty of the Soldiers which seemed to set them at variance But because the Cardinal knew that the welfare of the Royal party consisted in reducing the Parisians to a necessity of Peace which they began to wish the people Merchants and all others being weary of the ruines which they underwent he advised the King to go Campaigne as being more commodious for the Court than Pontoise and that he should never be allured to go to Paris without undoubted security of not being once more detained there and this was one of the chiefest Maxims which he recommended to the Queen in his absence which he gave in precise charge to Abbat Vndedei he added that the Kings Forces should go to oppose those of Flanders which were marching to assist the Princes and that if they should be too weak they should go to Villeneufe upon the Seene and fortifie themselves and have Provisions from Corbeile Melune and other neighbouring parts by means of the River where whilst they should tarry the Enemies Forces would be necessitated to keep there abouts also so as the Country being sack't and plundered by the Soldiery and Travellers slain the Parisians would without an open breach be in a manner besieged whereby the Princes would become odious as thought the chief occasion thereof that thus keeping corrispondency with their friends that were faithfull to them in Paris the Parisians might easily be brought to resolve upon fitting means to free themselves of their miseries which could not
with Spain that he held private Intelligence with the Court of France retarded with the difficulties he cast the execution of those Enterprises which had been well designed That being altogether intent upon his own particular advantage he had ill treated the Subjects ruined the Countrey exasperated the Neighbours and caused every where a huge aversion and hatred not onely against his own Forces but also against those of his Catholick Majesty who being united with the Lorrainers had their share also in the Countries Curses so as they were in a continual apprehension that he joyning with the French would bring an inevitable prejudice upon his Majestie 's Affairs in Flanders or if he were still let alone would put the People in desperation The Emperour at last perswaded by these Reasons and assured that this aversion was not unto the House of Lorrain but onely to the person of the Duke by reason of his deportments gave his consent that he should be Arrested and writ about it into Spain where a while after the resolution was taken to secure themselves of his person but in such manner as that the same might be dextrously put in execution for avoiding of those Inconveniencies might happen by so scandalous and unexpected an Accident whereof we shall hereafter Treat more at large and give relation of the most Remarkable Passages in that Action The End of the Ninth Book THE HISTORY OF FRANCE The TENTH BOOK The CONTENTS The Cardinal Mazarine returns to Paris Is Received with great Applause There followes a distribution of several Imployments and particularly that of the Great Almoner of France unto Cardinal Antonio Barberini Great Preparations are made for Warr. The Cardinal Francis Barberini declares himself no Friend to Mazarine Gives order to his Nephews to leave France and Marries Don Maffeo to a little Neece of Pope Innocent the 10th Several Encounters passe in Flanders wherein the Prince of Conde's Forces are worsted Monsieur Croissy Fouquet is taken Prisoner The Count Quincè goes to Command the French Forces in Piedmont The Savoy Ambassadour is received in France with the Ceremony due to Soveraign Princes Monsieur de Plessis BesancÌ„on is sent by the King of France into Italy And his Negotiations with the Duke of Mantua and other Italian Princes The Count d'Ognon agrees with the Court And the Count d'Harcourt submits unto his Majestie 's Obedience after several Treaties The French Army under the Command of the Marquiss Plessis Balliere marches into Catalonia succours Roses and makes divers Progresses Gironne besieged by the French is relieved by the Spaniard The Mareschal d'Oquincourt is sent to Command the Forces in Catalonia And his Marches The Warre in Guienne continues The Burdelois have recourse to England for Relief but without effect The King's Forces make a progress in that Province Preparations are made in Spain to Relieve it New Divisions and Factions spring up in Bourdeaux upon several Designs and Interests Many of the French do quit the Prince of Conde 's Party The City of Paris Entertains the Cardinal Mazarine with demonstrations of Affection and Treats him splendidly in the Town-House Bellagarda besieged and taken by the Duke of Espernon The French Army marches into the Field and takes Rhetel That of Spain also marches out with Powerful Forces Enters France Is waited on by the French They Encamp for some time with various Success Some Conspiracies in Bourdeaux are discovered New Recruits are sent from Court into Guienne and the King's Forces take Bourg Libourn and other places and straighten Burdeaux the Citizens whereof make meetings amongst themselves and desire Peace There grow some Tumults which are quieted by the Prince of Conty The Treaties are revived Difficulties are cast in The Propositions of both Parties are debated severally and at last the Peace ensues The Spanish Fleet comes into the mouth of the Garonne and hearing of the Peace concluded cast Anchor and proceed no farther The Princess of Conde and the Duke of Anguien with their Domestiâ—â— take Shipâ—iâ—g and â—o for Flanders The Dukes of Vendosme and Candaâ— enter into â—ourdeaux Several Places in Guienne return to his Majestie 's Obedience The Marches and Encampings of both Armies upon the Frontiers of France and Occurrences happening between the Parties The Spaniards besiege Rocroy and the French Monson and both the one and the other Town are taken The Treaty between the Court and Cardinal de Retz is revived but he refuses all terms of Agreement A Plot against Cardinal Mazarine is discovered and the persons guilty are taken and condemned to death The Mareschal Grancè goes to Command the French Army in Piedmont there is a great Fight between the Armies at Rochetta del Tanaro The Spanish Fleet leaves the Seas of Guienne and returns into Biscay without effecting of their purpose The Siege and taking of Saint Menhaud The Motions of Cardinal Mazarine The Prince Marries the Countess Martinozzi Niece to the Cardinal The Imprisonment of the Duke of Lorrain The Treaties of the French with the Protector Cromwell the Duke of Mantua and the Duke of Modena The secret Negotiations about the Duke of Guise his going into the Kingdome of Naples THE Cardinal Mazarine came into Paris upon the Third of February about Two â— clock in the Afternoon Honoured by the King himself the Duke of Anjoâ— and all the Court who went to meet him two Leagues out of the City His Majesty received him with extraordinary tenderness of Affection took him into his own Coach and entred by the Port of San Deny through a great throng of People and brought him along with himself into the Louvre where his Lodgings were provided as being first Minister of State near to his Majesty where he was forthwith Visited by the Body of the City and by all the other Orders and Magistrates who acknowledging to have received by his means singular Benefits and that all France was highly obliged unto him for his Conduct testified the Content they took at his Fortunate Return It was notwithstanding thought by many That by how much the greater shews of Love were made outwardly so much the less was the Affection which was really born unto him there being no hatred so intense and dangerous as that which shrouds it self under the mask of simulation But I who have with an exact diligence and long experience endeavoured to instruct my self in the Nature of those Persons of whom I write may to the glory of France say I have not met with any People less given to dissembling than they are who being open and free of speech as they think little of what is past so they consider nothing of what 's to come all their Faculties being wholly taken up with intending onely the instant of the present time Whosoever therefore shall consider the Injuries and Scorns which were in September before done to the Cardinal's Name and Memory in Paris and what were now the Honours and Welcome which he received there in February
without opposition in the hands of the Citizens who forthwith writ unto the Marquess de la Douze one of the prime Lords of that Country desiring him that he would procure their Deputies access unto the Duke of Candale from whose hands they would receive the Amnestie and put themselves under his Majesties obedience which was done one called Magot being Broken upon the Wheel 16 of the most Seditious persons banished and a new Election being made of Officers and Captains of the Quarters Perigeaux lyes upon the River Isle which divides the City into two parts the Situation of it is something raised upon a rising ground in a Champane Country compassed with good fortifications made by the Prince of Conde's care who repaired it with the addition of new works the people Fierce and War-like as are all the Gascons who become good and stout Souldiers this City is numbred amongst the most Antient and Noble Towns of Guienne The Villeneuf d' Agenois which was grown Proud with having resisted and broken the designs of Count d'Harcourt against it after it had been quitted by the Marquess de Theubon emulating the fury of the Olmiera in imitation of those inhabitants had taken some Companies into their pay made their brags that they would by that means keep themselves free was also in great likelihood of being surprised by the Count de Valliac who had made an agreement with some Citizens that having seised upon a Tower thought to have brought him in but the design being discovered took no effect The Troops conducted by the Marquess d' Aubeterre chanced to draw neer unto it at the time when their Corn being Ripe wherein the Town is very rich the people were just going out to Harvest whereupon they fearing to be deprived of their Rents without which they could not live at ease preferred the fear of Misery before the Ambition of being free and sent Deputies unto the Prince of Conty desiring him either to send them relief or make their Peace but Bourdeaux being now reduced and the Prince having retired to Cavillac and laid down Arms the persons employed were brought to the said Count Valliac and from thence unto the Duke of Candale who sent thither Monsieur de Ribere a Councellor of State and Officer of the Army with whom the Amnestie was concluded but upon condition that the Walls should be thrown down the fortifications dismantled and the Citizens who had offended because they were Purse-proud should pay 4000 Doubloons reserving also a Liberty to dispose of 20 persons Prisoners two of which were hanged up by the Neck upon the publick Gallows Villeneuf d' Agenois stands in a spatious Plain compassed with Antient but strong Walls bathed by the Loth a River which rising in the Mountain of Geâ—odan after it hath with a Rapid course passed through the Provinces of Rovergne and Quercy comes to run calmely in Agenois and loose its Name in the Garronne not being Navigable before it comes to the Villeneuf It was heretofore very plentiful of excellent Fish and particularly of Pikes but after the Fishing of them was forbidden by St. Ambrose Bishop of Cahors and that the people refused to obey him it hath been constantly observed and found true that there hath never more been any there The people is there very numerous because the Commerce for Corn and fruits is more abundant there than in any other part and the Citizens being thereby wonderfully enriched were swelled to a great heighth of Pride and Insolence Whilest the Dukes of Vendosme and Candale were ordering the Affairs of Bourdeaux with all mildness and sweetness possible being notwithstanding watchful over the Actions of some who full of perfidiousness were by the sweet harmony of their Virtues rendred more Barbarous and Savage the Chevalier Carteret an English-man had notice that one Edward sent from the Parliament of England was hid somewhere about the Countrey privately blowing the coals of that Rebellion which was not yet totally extinguished in the minds of some Seditious persons whereupon a little Felouke being by chance taken with Letters from Lenet to this same Edward which invited him unto a Councel was to held aboard the Admiral of Spain There were also taken two Citizens of Bourdeaux with Billets from Lenet to several persons in that City and particularly unto some Women in which their intentions of re-uniting themselves with the Spaniard and fomenting the hopes of the Frondeurs being sufficiently manifested the same gave occasion to the said Dukes to open their Eyes and apply themselves with all diligence to minister fitting Remedies for making up those Wounds which were not as yet sufficiently healed Espagnet after the Procession of the 15th of August was imprisoned and with a good Guard sent unto the Castle of Angoulesme There were Passports given unto divers persons suspected of plotting some new Conspiracy and amongst these were the Counsellors de Duc Morpin and La Chese Some Troops were ordered to march into the Meiau that they might go aboard the King 's Shipping and fight the Spanish Fleet which rid at Anchor in sight of Royan a little place but wonderfully strong with a Castle seated upon a rising ground which makes it more defensible being a place of great Importance having on the right hand Xaintonge and on the left the Country of Medoc Other Souldiers were put into Xaintonge it self where all the Countrey was in Arms for fear the Spaniards should land and all other the inconveniences which might happen were so well provided against that Rebellion could take no footing nor disturb the publick quiet and contentment which was generally in Bourdeaux where they were grown wise at their own costs the conveniences of good order being no where so well known as where disorders have been experienced Whilest the Affairs in Guienne passed in the manner above rehearsed the two Armies encamped upon the Frontiers of Flanders with different designs The Spaniards and the Prince of Conde having a great confidence in their Forces which consisted in an Army of above 30000 Combatants took up large Quarters and endeavoured to draw the French Army unto a Battel because in case they got the Victory they thought they might march unto the Gates of Paris to give countenance unto those whose minds were yet set upon Troubles and fill all the Countrey with terrour and confusion by breaking into the heart of France before any thing could be done in Guienne to the advantage of the King But the number of Counsellors differed in their Opinions touching the way they were to take for the effecting of it because although the Prince of Conde was firm in his Opinion That they ought to advance without ingaging themselves in the attacking of any Place before they came unto the Seine the Spaniards notwithstanding were very wary in concurring with the bold ventrous thoughts of this Warlike Prince being loth either to engage their Army into some dangerous Pass or to elevate Conde himself with
the French continued shooting with the other but to so little purpose that being every where Nobly repulsed at last with the declining of the Sun their fury flacked wanting also Artillery and Ammunition it being observed that the Swissers for want of Bullets shot away almost all the Buttons from their Coats and they retired to the Campagne upon the Hill where they encamped that night in Battalia and the next morning marched towards Montemagno and Grana there died of French in this action the said Marquess Monte and 4 Captains and divers Officers together with some considerable number of Souldiers which was not precisely known and above 100 wounded amongst whom were several Commanders The Marquess Monpesat had his horse killed under him and his Hat shot through with a Musket Bullet and so had also Monsieur d' Epinchat and the Captain of the Mareschal's Guard The Spaniards lost fewer Souldiers and few or no Officers but there were many hurt and amongst others the Marquess himself received a slight hurt with a Musket Bullet After this Action the French Army staid 17 days at Montemagno and neither party being in a condition to do any considerable thing all this Campagne was spent in marches and Countermarches from one place to another The French desiring to live in the Territory of Milan upon their Enemies Country and the Spaniards to hinder them from doing of it during which time there fell out several Skirmishes between them with various success The French after disldoged from Montemagno and went to Fubine being always coasted by the Spanish Army who at the same time leaving Felizzano were a front of them and there some Burgundian Officers having a desire to wait upon the Mareschal Grancè as being known unto him and his friends by Licence of the Marquess Caracene went and spoke with him as did also afterwards the Marquess himself and the Mareschal both the one and the other being accompanied by the prime men in either Army they continued together in conference about two hours with much civility and complements The French being all of them much taken as well with the Valour as great courtesie of Caracene by whom he was highly valued as a generous and prudent Captain so as many of the French said to the Spaniards themselves That t' was great pity he was not a French-man This conference being past the French Army marched to San Salvator and from thence the Marquess Monpesat three days after with 500 Horse and as many Foot scoured all the Country thereabouts Pillaging several Towns and gathering together a great quantity of victuals the Army staid for those three days at San Salvator that of Spain being always in the Flank of it with design either to distress it for want of Victuals or take it in some place of disadvantage and fight it in which time there past continual Skirmishes between the Scouts of either party But the French afterwards perceiving that by reason of the great vigilancy of the Spanish Captains they could gain little in that Country retired towards Monferrat unto Moncalvo and for as much as Grance had strict orders from Court that he should be sure to Winter in the State of Milan he marched to Gabbiano and casting a Bridge of Boats over the Po a little below Crescentino the French passed toward Sesia to plunder and live in the Enemies Country took the Castle of Carpigna Garrisoned by two Italian Companies run over all the Country even to the Gates of Novara and made several other marches without any other Action between them but only some skirmishes which from time to time fell out between the parties because the Spaniards intending to hinder the French from taking up their Winter quarters in the State of Milan were sometimes in Flank sometimes in Front and other whiles upon their backs with so much inconvenience and trouble to them that at last finding themselves not so strong as was necessary to maintain the Posts which they had taken and the season growing very bitter they were forced to retire into Piedmont where lying too heavy upon the Duke of Savoy his Subjects the French Horse was sent beyond the Mountains to Winter in Daulphine Bress and Dombes and so ended the Campagne for this year 1653 with some resentment of the Court who intended that the Troops should what ever became of it maintain themselves upon the Enemies charges that Winter in the State of Milan In this mean time the Courriers who brought the Letters and Capitulations of Bourdeaux were come to Court and Monsieur de Las who was dispatched from the Generals and Monsieur d' Estrades having made his relation of all passages the Amnestie was presently dispatched unto the Burdelois containing an entire abolition of all their Crimes none being accepted in it but the Councellor Trancours and Blaru and Desert Merchants who were sent by the Olmiera into England and also Duna Festa and Villars heads of that Faction and Clerac who was deputed by them into Spain it was farther ordered that the Citizens should renew their oaths of Fealty unto the King and rebuild the Castles Trombesta and de Ha as being necessary to repress all popular risings and to protect and defend the good and able Citizens it being evident that in all Cities the Common People are ever Enemies to those persons who have most to lose This declaration of the King 's being proposed to Monsieur La Vic Advocate General who was then in Bourdeaux that he might make the process against those two spyes from Marsin and Lenet sent back into the City and verifie it Every one expected from the Parliament proofs of their submission which might cancel the memory of their passed disobedience But La Vic willing to make use of this occasion to render himself necessary raised such scruples and intrigues by his propositions which were interlaced in such manner with his conclusions that some of the Counsellors of Parliament took thence occasion to restrain the King's Will with such Glosses Comments and Modifications that it appeared they would be not the Interpreters but Moderators and Disposers of the Kings Favours so as none should be thanked for them but themselves They did particularly excite the people not to suffer the yoke of the Castles ordering that new Instances should be made to Court for demolishing the Forts in the City and that in case the King were absolutely resolved to impose that Slavery upon them yet that those Places should not be under the command of the Governour of the Province This reflexion was not pleasing to the King's Ministers and much less the Condition That the publishing of the Amnestie should be put off until the residence of the Parliament should be established as if their return to Bourdeaux which was so much the more suspected by the Court by how much 't was more earnestly desired by them were necessary for the security of the people or for rendring the King's Pardon valid These Actions of