i_o grant_v all_o the_o lesser_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v to_o be_v summonld_v by_o the_o sheriff_n to_o come_v to_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n may_v have_v only_o call_v some_o of_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a of_o they_o and_o such_o as_o he_o think_v most_o fit_a to_o advise_v he_o in_o make_v law_n and_o impose_v tax_n upon_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o like_a prerogative_n his_o son_n henry_n the_o three_o resume_v during_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a old_a statute_n by_o and_o by_o p._n and_o that_o our_o king_n do_v often_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o call_v who_o they_o please_v and_o omit_v who_o they_o please_v of_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v appear_v by_o those_o who_o be_v call_v pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la or_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la who_o be_v put_v after_o the_o baron_n and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v many_o instance_n of_o their_o be_v call_v to_o 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well_o as_o scotland_n but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o at_o all_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v as_o to_o burrough_n in_o scotland_n since_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o suppose_v that_o divers_a burrough_n in_o scotland_n may_v voluntary_o desist_v from_o send_v their_o deputy_n to_o parliament_n that_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o it_o be_v that_o divers_a burrough_n in_o england_n do_v petition_n to_o be_v exempt_v from_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o inability_n to_o pay_v the_o expense_n of_o their_o burgess_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o by_o divers_a precedent_n some_o of_o which_o be_v in_o print_n have_v i_o now_o time_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o discourse_n i_o can_v imagine_v to_o what_o it_o tend_v for_o if_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o or_o right_o to_o come_v to_o parliament_n how_o come_v they_o to_o have_v it_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a freehold_a estate_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o if_o so_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n why_o those_o that_o have_v as_o good_a or_o better_a freehold_a estate_n than_o they_o shall_v be_v all_o exclude_v or_o why_o a_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o but_o one_o knight_n fee_fw-mi hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v give_v he_o a_o right_a to_o a_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o get_v that_o a_o mesne_n tenant_n or_o vavasour_n as_o he_o be_v then_o call_v who_o hold_v ten_o knight_n fee_n of_o some_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n who_o perhaps_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o shall_v have_v no_o right_n of_o appear_v there_o nor_o of_o choose_v any_o representative_a for_o he_o since_o notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v now_o say_v the_o doctor_n either_o contradict_v himself_o 68_o or_o you_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o express_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n represent_v only_o themselves_o and_o not_o the_o commons_o but_o how_o this_o will_v agree_v with_o what_o he_o say_v in_o his_o introduction_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o have_v no_o share_n in_o make_v law_n etc._n etc._n before_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o unless_o they_o be_v represent_v by_o thd_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o so_o must_v then_o certain_o represent_v those_o that_o he_o here_o call_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n collective_o take_v but_o as_o for_o your_o notion_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o king_n court_n baron_n though_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o of_o a_o learned_a scotch_a lawyer_n sir_n george_n meâ—â—ensy_n yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o it_o be_v never_o true_a for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n both_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o tennre_n of_o land_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o then_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o manor_n in_o this_o kingdom_n which_o the_o doctor_n tell_v we_o be_v of_o no_o high_a a_o original_n than_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o admit_v i_o shall_v allow_v your_o notion_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v ancient_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n then_o certain_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v a_o right_a to_o appear_v there_o and_o to_o be_v not_o only_a suitor_n but_o judge_n of_o all_o difference_n arise_v among_o the_o tenant_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n where_o neither_o the_o lord_n himself_o nor_o his_o steward_n be_v judge_n and_o that_o of_o right_n and_o not_o by_o savour_n whereas_o you_o suppose_v such_o a_o courtbaron_n as_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o where_o the_o lord_n can_v admit_v or_o exclude_v who_o of_o his_o tenant_n he_o please_v to_o which_o if_o they_o have_v a_o right_a ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la certain_o he_o can_v never_o do_v so_o that_o instead_o of_o a_o courtbaron_n and_o a_o common_a council_n according_a to_o 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of_o summons_n to_o a_o council_n direct_v to_o the_o baron_n and_o knight_n and_o as_o he_o translate_v eidelibus_fw-la feudatory_n or_o vassal_n of_o all_o england_n wherein_o he_o let_v they_o know_v 40._o that_o he_o have_v send_v his_o letter_n to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o if_o it_o may_v have_v be_v do_v now_o what_o reason_n have_v he_o to_o write_v thus_o if_o these_o gentleman_n have_v no_o right_a to_o be_v consult_v or_o that_o the_o king_n may_v have_v call_v or_o leave_v out_o who_o of_o they_o he_o please_v but_o the_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v in_o another_o mind_n when_o in_o the_o 37th_o of_o king_n hen._n iii_o as_o mar._n paris_n tell_v we_o they_o refuse_v to_o act_n or_o proceed_v upon_o any_o thing_n
refer_v but_o to_o this_o very_a letter_n which_o be_v assent_v as_o well_o per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o by_o your_o baron_n here_o call_v nobiles_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o this_o application_n thereof_o be_v give_v by_o mr_n pryn_n himself_o when_o he_o make_v use_v of_o these_o record_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v far_o that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o for_o all_o this_o author_n opinion_n to_o the_o contrary_a 119._o may_v join_v in_o a_o letter_n ro_o the_o pope_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o that_o which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o 17_o the_o of_o edw._n iii_o about_o the_o provision_n of_o benefice_n which_o then_o grow_v so_o exorbitant_a that_o walsingham_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n quod_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la regni_fw-la pati_fw-la noluit_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o phrase_n the_o letter_n itself_o will_v best_o explain_v 161._o the_o beginning_n and_o conclusion_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o english_a as_o you_o may_v find_v it_o in_o mr._n fox_n book_n of_o martyr_n to_o the_o most_o holy_a father_n in_o god_n lord_n clement_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n of_o the_o holy_a church_n of_o rome_n 501._o and_o of_o the_o universal_a church_n chief_a and_o high-bishop_n his_o humble_a and_o devout_a child_n the_o prince_n duke_n earls_z baron_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o all_o the_o communality_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n assemble_v at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n the_o 15_o the_o day_n of_o may_n last_o pass_v etc._n etc._n in_o witness_v whereof_o we_o have_v hereunto_o set_v our_o 〈◊〉_d give_v in_o the_o full_a parliament_n at_o westminst_n on_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o may_n anno_fw-la drâ—_n 1343._o and_o it_o still_o appear_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n viz._n 17_o edw._n iii_o n._n 59_o that_o the_o commons_o petition_v the_o king_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v stay_v at_o the_o parliament_n till_o they_o have_v perfect_v and_o seal_v this_o letter_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o letter_n then_o write_v by_o the_o parliament_n 3._o appear_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n still_o among_o the_o tower_n record_n in_o which_o he_o imitate_v his_o grandfather_n edw._n i._n and_o great_a grandfather_n hen._n iii_o who_o also_o seâ—_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n on_o such_o like_a occasion_n but_o in_o those_o to_o excuse_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n from_o be_v the_o author_n of_o those_o complain_v he_o have_v this_o passage_n that_o since_o it_o be_v the_o judgement_n tam_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o nobilium_fw-la quaâ—_n communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o ultimo_fw-la parliamento_fw-la contra_fw-la provisorum_fw-la exercitum_fw-la to_o conclude_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o under_o the_o universitas_fw-la regâ—â—_n in_o the_o first_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 29_o hen._n iii_o and_o under_o the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o 29_o edw._n i._o be_v mean_v the_o same_o estate_n or_o order_n of_o man_n as_o be_v more_o particular_o recite_v in_o this_o present_a letter_n viz._n the_o 〈◊〉_d lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n assemble_v m._n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v with_o the_o sense_n you_o now_o put_v â—pon_o these_o word_n universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la before_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n for_o you_o yourself_o must_v grant_v that_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la take_v in_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o same_o whole_a body_n or_o community_n thereof_o therefore_o if_o i_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o in_o those_o time_n this_o universâ—â—y_n or_o community_n consist_v only_o of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la ought_v never_o to_o be_v interpret_v by_o the_o english_a word_n commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n till_o after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o allow_v the_o commons_o be_v admit_v to_o make_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n nor_o always_o then_o neither_o and_o mr._n p._n in_o his_o book_n which_o we_o have_v so_o often_o cite_v have_v do_v very_o unfair_o to_o make_v the_o universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o comprehend_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o they_o everappear_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o and_o so_o have_v he_o likewise_o abuse_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v to_o signify_v the_o commons_o when_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o more_o thereby_o mean_v than_o the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o laity_n which_o at_o that_o time_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o the_o earl_n baron_n or_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 28._o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o by_o communitas_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la or_o baronum_n be_v often_o understand_v the_o body_n of_o the_o prelate_n or_o great_a baron_n only_o call_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la yet_o most_o frequent_o these_o with_o all_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v make_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n and_o be_v altogether_o call_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n the_o community_n of_o the_o land_n or_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o this_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o undeniable_a proof_n by_o and_o by_o f._n i_o be_o very_a well_o aware_a that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la often_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n yet_o not_o exclude_v the_o commons_o as_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v for_o then_o the_o word_n must_v signify_v quite_o contrary_a to_o its_o genuine_a signification_n instead_o of_o people_n the_o great_a nobility_n only_o yet_o that_o when_o it_o be_v put_v after_o as_o distinct_a from_o magnate_n it_o must_v mean_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la do_v not_o always_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o nobility_n only_o 55._o but_o take_v in_o oftentimes_o the_o commons_o too_o pray_v see_v matt._n west_n who_o tell_v we_o king_n edw._n i._o in_o the_o 34th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la melitia_fw-la silii_fw-la regis_fw-la concessus_fw-la est_fw-la regi_fw-la zomus_fw-la denarius_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la mercatores_fw-la vero_fw-la vicesâ—mum_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la upon_o which_o your_o dr._n in_o his_o glossary_a very_a well_o remark_n that_o it_o be_v evident_a upon_o record_n who_o be_v the_o populus_fw-la mean_v by_o the_o historian_n viz._n the_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la so_o that_o unless_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v lord_n it_o be_v plain_a populus_fw-la take_v in_o the_o commonâ—_n too_o but_o universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la call_v in_o french_a le_fw-fr communâ—_n dangletterre_fw-fr be_v often_o take_v for_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n and_o this_o sir_n edward_n coke_n own_v express_o in_o his_o 2d_o instit._n upon_o these_o word_n in_o articulis_fw-la supâ—â—_n chartas_n 539._o thus_o here_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v take_v for_o people_n so_o astout_a le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v here_o take_v for_o all_o the_o people_n and_o this_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n for_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n but_o general_o to_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o realm_n viz._n to_o those_o of_o thâ—_n clergy_n and_o to_o those_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o to_o the_o commons_o also_o and_o this_o be_v a_o rational_a as_o well_o as_o grammatical_a interpretation_n for_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n universus_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o whole_a 〈◊〉_d universal_a so_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n 〈◊〉_d common_a or_o general_n so_o that_o these_o two_o word_n when_o use_v simple_o in_o a_o political_a 〈◊〉_d legal_a sense_n aught_o to_o take_v in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o all_o sort_n and_o condition_n of_o freemen_n appear_v themselves_o or_o their_o lawful_a proxy_n or_o representative_n in_o parliament_n but_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o under_o those_o general_n word_n use_v in_o our_o historian_n and_o record_n viz._n principes_fw-la proceres_fw-la nobiles_fw-la magnates_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v then_o comprehend_v either_o all_o the_o considerable_a freeholder_n oâ—_n lord_n of_o manner_n or_o else_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n so_o
england_n and_o scotland_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n in_o point_n of_o privilege_n as_o to_o be_v tax_v or_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n between_o the_o high_a nobility_n such_o as_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n marquess_n and_o count_n and_o simple_a gentleman_n whereas_o in_o england_n it_o have_v be_v always_o otherwise_o at_o least_o since_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n have_v by_o 〈◊〉_d tenor_n place_n as_o lord_n or_o peer_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o make_v a_o distinct_a body_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n whereas_o in_o other_o country_n the_o high_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v reckon_v as_o all_o one_o estate_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n or_o gentry_n shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n or_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v be_v as_o very_a vassal_n as_o to_o their_o estate_n to_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o boor_n in_o germany_n or_o the_o paisant_n in_o france_n be_v to_o their_o lord_n by_o who_o they_o be_v tax_v aâ—_n their_o pleasure_n which_o they_o never_o be_v in_o england_n as_o we_o can_v find_v either_o from_o history_n or_o record_n so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v the_o municipal_a law_n of_o each_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n that_o must_v determine_v what_o be_v the_o govern_v part_n of_o the_o people_n in_o those_o country_n yet_o though_o that_o be_v not_o absolute_o the_o same_o in_o all_o of_o they_o as_o it_o be_v in_o england_n yet_o we_o find_v it_o so_o in_o the_o main_a and_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n do_v sufficient_o assert_v the_o right_n of_o the_o plebian_n or_o common_a people_n who_o make_v the_o 3d_o estate_n in_o those_o great_a council_n but_o i_o must_v here_o except_v sweden_n in_o which_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o mere_a rustic_n or_o boor_n have_v always_o their_o own_o deputy_n in_o their_o diet_n as_o well_o as_o the_o city_n and_o town_n and_o if_o sweden_n have_v this_o privilege_n i_o can_v see_v why_o the_o english_a gentry_n and_o yeomanry_n who_o make_v but_o one_o body_n of_o commons_o may_v not_o have_v have_v the_o like_a till_o you_o can_v show_v i_o more_o sufficient_a proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n m_o well_o siâ—_n i_o shall_v consider_v of_o what_o you_o say_v but_o since_o it_o grow_v late_a that_o we_o may_v wind_v up_o this_o conversation_n as_o fast_o as_o we_o can_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o though_o i_o shall_v admit_v all_o that_o you_o have_v hitherto_o aver_v for_o truth_n and_o that_o we_o shall_v grant_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v as_o ancient_a a_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o any_o of_o the_o other_o two_o what_o be_v that_o to_o the_o main_a point_n in_o question_n between_o we_o viz_o that_o of_o nonresistance_a of_o the_o king_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o or_o how_o can_v you_o justsfie_v those_o of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n for_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n and_o contribute_v so_o much_o as_o they_o have_v do_v to_o the_o drive_v he_o away_o and_o in_o bring_v thing_n to_o this_o confusion_n they_o be_v now_o in_o since_o let_v your_o constitution_n of_o great_a council_n and_o parliament_n be_v never_o so_o ancient_a let_v we_o also_o for_o once_o suppose_v they_o as_o you_o do_v to_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o the_o nation_n yet_o how_o can_v this_o authorise_v they_o much_o less_o any_o private_a person_n out_o of_o parliament_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o since_o the_o whole_a current_n both_o of_o common_a as_o well_o as_o statute-law_n run_v direct_o against_o you_o and_o all_o with_o one_o consent_n assert_v that_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o militia_n or_o military_a force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v even_o so_o absolute_o in_o the_o king_n power_n and_o at_o his_o disposal_n that_o no_o man_n can_v without_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n take_v up_o arm_n whether_o offensive_a or_o defensive_a without_o his_o commission_n to_o authorise_v he_o to_o do_v it_o so_o that_o no_o government_n in_o the_o world_n be_v more_o averse_a to_o all_o forcible_a resistance_n than_o our_o own_o the_o king_n have_v be_v even_o from_o your_o time_n beyond_o memory_n so_o full_o possess_v of_o the_o whole_a militia_n or_o power_n of_o raise_v offensive_a or_o defensive_a arm_n in_o this_o kingdom_n that_o it_o be_v express_o forbid_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o seven_o ed._n i._o against_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o treatise_n with_o force_n of_o arm_n in_o which_o the_o king_n set_v forth_o that_o in_o the_o last_o parliament_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commonalry_n in_o latin_a communitas_fw-la or_o body_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v say_v that_o to_o we_o i_o e._n to_o the_o king_n it_o belong_v and_o our_o part_n it_o be_v through_o our_o royal_a seigneury_n to_o defend_v that_o be_v in_o old_a french_a to_o forbid_v force_v of_o armour_n and_o all_o other_o force_n against_o our_o peace_n at_o all_o time_n when_o it_o shall_v please_v we_o and_o to_o punish_v they_o according_a to_o our_o law_n and_o usage_n of_o our_o realm_n and_o hereunto_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o aid_v we_o as_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n as_o oft_o as_o need_v shall_v be_v from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n prerogative_n to_o forbid_v all_o manner_n of_o arm_n or_o arm_a force_n within_o the_o realm_n so_o that_o no_o man_n can_v lawful_o arm_v himself_o without_o his_o authority_n and_o this_o be_v further_a confirm_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o ed._n the_o three_o concern_v treason_n wherein_o it_o be_v declare_v without_o any_o except_a case_n to_o the_o contrary_a that_o to_o levy_v war_n against_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n in_o this_o realm_n or_o to_o be_v adherent_a to_o the_o king_n enemy_n in_o his_o realm_n give_v they_o aid_n or_o comfort_n in_o the_o realm_n or_o elsewhere_o be_v treason_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o this_o statute_n say_v thus_o that_o this_o be_v high_a treason_n before_o by_o the_o common_a law_n for_o no_o subject_n can_v levy_v war_n within_o the_o realm_n without_o authority_n from_o the_o king_n and_o if_o any_o man_n levy_n war_n to_o expulse_v stranger_n to_o deliver_v man_n out_o of_o prison_n to_o remove_v wicked_a councillor_n or_o against_o any_o statute_n or_o to_o any_o other_o end_n pretend_v reformation_n on_o their_o own_o head_n without_o warrant_n this_o be_v levy_v of_o war_n against_o the_o king_n because_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o royal_a authority_n from_o which_o statute_n as_o also_o from_o your_o own_o oracle_n sir_n ed._n coke_n be_v interpretation_n of_o it_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_a treason_n to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n person_n but_o to_o take_v arm_n to_o make_v any_o reformation_n or_o alteration_n in_o church_n or_o state_n without_o the_o king_n authority_n nor_o can_v any_o subject_n of_o england_n justify_v the_o take_a arm_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o unless_o it_o be_v by_o the_o king_n commission_n and_o therefore_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n in_o the_o case_n of_o dr._n story_n report_n who_o be_v execute_v for_o treason_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v with_o one_o consent_n agree_v that_o the_o very_a consultation_n concern_v make_v war_n against_o the_o queen_n shall_v be_v interpret_v a_o make_v war_n against_o her_o person_n and_o suppose_v a_o design_n against_o her_o life_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o by_o the_o ancient_n as_o well_o as_o modern_a law_n of_o england_n all_o defensive_a as_o well_o as_o offensive_a arm_n be_v express_o forbid_v and_o condemn_v f._n i_o think_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v out_o notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v that_o all_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o â—im_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v treason_n as_o you_o suppose_v that_o it_o be_v every_o man_n duty_n to_o oppose_v he_o in_o case_n he_o go_v about_o to_o set_v up_o instead_o of_o a_o legal_a monarchy_n a_o tyrannical_a arbitrary_a power_n in_o this_o nation_n since_o this_o be_v but_o to_o preserve_v the_o original_a constitution_n of_o parliament_n which_o in_o some_o case_n can_v be_v maintain_v without_o such_o a_o resistance_n be_v allow_v but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o our_o statute_n as_o for_o the_o first_o you_o urge_v
man_n have_v in_o a_o estate_n which_o be_v his_o right_n let_v he_o be_v what_o he_o will_v or_o let_v he_o manage_v it_o how_o he_o will_n whereas_o in_o the_o right_n to_o a_o kingdom_n i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v a_o true_a maxim_n that_o the_o representative_n of_o a_o nation_n as_o the_o convention_n be_v ought_v to_o have_v more_o regard_n to_o the_o happiness_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n or_o commonwealth_n than_o to_o the_o dignity_n or_o authority_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n whosoever_o or_o howsoever_o near_o relate_v to_o the_o crown_n when_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o advancement_n of_o such_o a_o person_n to_o the_o throne_n will_v prove_v destructive_a to_o our_o religion_n civil_a liberty_n and_o property_n now_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o apply_v what_o i_o have_v say_v to_o the_o point_n now_o in_o question_n let_v we_o therefore_o at_o the_o present_a suppose_n that_o your_o prince_n of_o wales_n be_v true_a and_o lawful_a son_n to_o king_n james_n and_o queen_n mary_n and_o let_v i_o also_o far_o suppose_v that_o in_o his_o late_a passage_n over_o sea_n he_o be_v take_v by_o the_o pirate_n of_o algiers_n or_o tunis_n and_o by_o they_o be_v carry_v to_o one_o of_o those_o place_n and_o be_v breed_v up_o in_o the_o mahometan_a religion_n and_o after_o he_o have_v be_v circumcise_a and_o full_o ground_v in_o that_o abominable_a superstition_n the_o grand_a signior_n together_o with_o the_o king_n of_o argier_n and_o tunis_n shall_v send_v this_o nation_n word_n that_o if_o they_o will_v not_o admit_v he_o quiet_o for_o their_o king_n and_o allow_v he_o all_o those_o priest_n he_o shall_v bring_v with_o he_o a_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n in_o england_n they_o will_v then_o make_v war_n upon_o this_o nation_n with_o all_o the_o force_n they_o can_v raise_v i_o ask_v you_o what_o we_o ought_v to_o do_v in_o this_o case_n whether_o we_o shall_v receive_v he_o for_o our_o king_n or_o keep_v he_o out_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v it_o be_v a_o nice_a question_n and_o since_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n that_o never_o do_v yet_o nor_o i_o hope_v will_v ever_o come_v to_o pass_v i_o think_v i_o may_v free_o answer_v you_o that_o suppose_v this_o prince_n can_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v the_o very_a same_o who_o be_v carry_v away_o so_o many_o year_n ago_o we_o ought_v notwithstanding_o his_o false_a belief_n to_o receive_v he_o especial_o if_o he_o will_v solemn_o swear_v only_o to_o worship_n god_n in_o private_a after_o his_o own_o way_n and_o that_o he_o will_v swear_v not_o to_o violate_v our_o religion_n or_o invade_v our_o liberty_n and_o property_n and_o this_o be_v do_v i_o think_v we_o ought_v then_o to_o admit_v he_o for_o our_o lawful_a sovereign_n since_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v already_o acknowledge_v at_o our_o three_o meeting_n the_o supreme_a power_n be_v not_o to_o be_v resist_v because_o they_o be_v of_o a_o different_a religion_n from_o that_o of_o the_o people_n or_o nation_n they_o govern._n f._n very_o well_o but_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o in_o this_o you_o be_v much_o more_o kind_a to_o mahometan_n and_o heretical_a prince_n than_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n who_o have_v decree_v that_o no_o prince_n ought_v to_o be_v receive_v as_o right_a heir_n to_o a_o crown_n who_o be_v a_o pagan_a turk_n or_o heretic_n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o the_o state_n of_o france_n during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o league_n by_o the_o pope_n decree_n refuse_v to_o own_o henry_n king_n of_o navarre_n for_o their_o sovereign_n and_o also_o that_o the_o papist_n of_o the_o nuntio_n party_n in_o ireland_n during_o the_o late_a rebellion_n refuse_v to_o own_o the_o late_a duke_n of_o ormond_n for_o lord_n lieutenant_n of_o that_o kingdom_n because_o the_o king_n be_v a_o protestant_n but_o pray_v answer_v i_o a_o question_n or_o two_o further_a suppose_v this_o prince_n refuse_v to_o promise_v these_o or_o such_o thing_n or_o else_o if_o he_o do_v promise_v and_o swear_v they_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o can_v we_o be_v assure_v that_o according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o that_o religion_n he_o have_v be_v breed_v under_o and_o those_o arbitrary_a notion_n he_o have_v learn_v concern_v the_o absolute_a power_n of_o king_n in_o barbary_n and_o which_o he_o will_v believe_v due_a to_o himself_o as_o be_v as_o absolute_a a_o monarch_n as_o any_o of_o they_o i_o say_v how_o such_o a_o prince_n ever_o can_v be_v trust_v since_o if_o he_o have_v the_o whole_a power_n of_o the_o militia_n in_o his_o hand_n he_o may_v bring_v in_o what_o number_n of_o turkish_a or_o moorish_a guard_n he_o shall_v think_v fit_a who_o may_v easy_o set_v up_o that_o religion_n and_o government_n too_o in_o this_o nation_n since_o according_a to_o your_o principle_n of_o passive_a obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n no_o man_n ought_v to_o lift_v up_o so_o much_o as_o a_o finger_n against_o he_o though_o he_o go_v about_o to_o make_v we_o all_o turk_n and_o slave_n m._n well_o suppose_v all_o this_o as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v his_o right_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v it_o let_v the_o consequence_n be_v what_o it_o will_n f._n you_o have_v say_v enough_o i_o desire_v no_o more_o but_o i_o hope_v every_o true_a protestant_n and_o english_a man_n will_v be_v of_o another_o mind_n if_o ever_o such_o a_o case_n shall_v happen_v but_o indeed_o it_o appear_v very_o strange_a to_o i_o that_o a_o natural_a disability_n such_o as_o ideocy_n or_o lunacy_n shall_v be_v esteem_v sufficient_a in_o all_o kingdom_n to_o debarr_v the_o next_o heir_n from_o the_o government_n and_o yet_o that_o a_o moral_a or_o a_o religious_a disability_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o a_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v rebel_v against_o or_o resist_v mere_o because_o he_o be_v of_o a_o different_a religion_n from_o that_o of_o his_o subject_n for_o i_o be_v never_o for_o resist_a king_n james_n mere_o upon_o that_o score_n yet_o it_o be_v another_o thing_n when_o a_o prince_n be_v not_o actual_o possess_v of_o the_o throne_n but_o be_v to_o be_v admit_v to_o it_o upon_o such_o condition_n as_o may_v appear_v safe_a for_o the_o religion_n and_o civil_a constitution_n of_o a_o kingdom_n in_o this_o case_n if_o a_o prince_n be_v certain_o infect_v with_o such_o pernicious_a principle_n either_o in_o relation_n to_o religion_n or_o civil_a government_n it_o be_v much_o otherwise_o as_o for_o example_n that_o no_o faith_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v with_o heretic_n that_o his_o own_o religion_n be_v to_o be_v propagate_v by_o arm_n blood_n or_o persecution_n that_o no_o government_n can_v be_v safe_a for_o the_o prince_n or_o in_o which_o he_o can_v appear_v great_a or_o glorious_a but_o as_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n let_v such_o a_o prince_n be_v either_o a_o christian_n or_o a_o mahometan_a i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v a_o certain_a ruin_n to_o a_o kingdom_n to_o be_v oblige_v to_o receive_v such_o a_o prince_n when_o they_o 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point_n namely_o that_o the_o king_n his_o nobility_n and_o commons_o do_v ordain_v and_o enact_v the_o same_o and_o which_o be_v more_o if_o you_o shall_v find_v any_o act_n of_o parliament_n seem_v to_o pass_n under_o the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n only_o as_o there_o be_v some_o that_o have_v that_o show_v indeed_o yet_o you_o must_v not_o by_o and_o by_o judge_n that_o it_o be_v establish_v without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o other_o estate_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o insinuation_n rather_o than_o argument_n against_o the_o antiquity_n of_o those_o expression_n be_v it_o enact_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n or_o be_v it_o enact_v by_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o which_o bear_v so_o hard_o upon_o you_o to_o prove_v that_o these_o last_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a that_o they_o be_v introduce_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o henry_n vi_o and_o vii_o two_o usurper_n and_o but_o in_o the_o nonage_n of_o the_o former_a i_o think_v i_o 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to_o this_o election_n of_o bishop_n wulstan_n in_o the_o great_a council_n which_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v do_v then_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o meddle_v in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n without_o the_o king_n consent_n but_o since_o you_o have_v speak_v enough_o concern_v the_o right_n and_o antiquity_n of_o the_o bishop_n sit_v in_o our_o great_a council_n it_o be_v time_n you_o now_o speak_v of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o peer_n or_o temporal_a lord_n which_o certain_o can_v have_v no_o place_n there_o but_o from_o the_o favour_n and_o concession_n of_o our_o king_n so_o that_o whether_o we_o consider_v those_o lord_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o ruler_n of_o county_n call_v in_o old_a english_a earl_n or_o alderman_n in_o latin_a deuce_n or_o comites_fw-la or_o else_o as_o judge_n or_o counsellor_n call_v in_o old_a saxon_a wites_z or_o wiseman_n in_o latin_a sapientes_fw-la or_o last_o as_o thanes_z in_o latin_a ministri_fw-la who_o be_v either_o military_a tenant_n or_o civil_a minister_n or_o else_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n in_o his_o court_n or_o other_o employment_n none_o of_o they_o be_v hereditary_a in_o those_o time_n but_o all_o of_o they_o either_o depend_v upon_o the_o king_n will_n or_o else_o owe_v their_o honour_n and_o estate_n to_o his_o favour_n f._n i_o hope_v notwithstanding_o the_o confidence_n you_o put_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o argument_n that_o it_o have_v no_o more_o weight_n in_o it_o than_o the_o former_a for_o though_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o hereditary_a earldom_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o though_o both_o the_o earl_n and_o alderman_n may_v have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la as_o the_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n have_v at_o this_o day_n and_o not_o by_o tenure_n england_n as_o they_o do_v after_o that_o time_n yet_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o they_o sit_v there_o only_o ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la and_o not_o as_o thanes_z or_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a lordship_n or_o estate_n in_o land_n but_o if_o they_o sit_v there_o as_o earl_n or_o aldermâ—n_o yet_o may_v they_o not_o be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o sit_v in_o those_o council_n by_o that_o title_n for_o there_o be_v beside_o these_o aldermen_z of_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o be_v elect_v by_o those_o place_n and_o who_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a appear_v for_o they_o as_o their_o representative_n in_o those_o council_n until_o by_o succession_n of_o time_n those_o town_n begin_v to_o send_v two_o burgess_n in_o their_o stead_n some_o footstep_n of_o which_o still_o remain_v in_o london_n where_o the_o alderman_n of_o every_o ward_n be_v first_o propose_v to_o be_v elect_v parliament_n man_n before_o any_o other_o and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o alderman_n in_o the_o most_o ancient_a city_n as_o london_n york_n lincoln_n &_o â—_o be_v not_o elect_v by_o any_o grant_n or_o charter_n from_o the_o crown_n but_o by_o a_o immemorial_a right_n of_o prescription_n but_o admit_v that_o these_o earl_n or_o alderman_n appear_v in_o these_o council_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n or_o dignity_n which_o the_o king_n confer_v upon_o they_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o prove_v that_o the_o very_a office_n itself_o proceed_v 〈◊〉_d from_o he_o since_o we_o find_v the_o authority_n of_o those_o chief_a man_n who_o 〈◊〉_d call_v prince_n and_o which_o answer_v these_o earl_n to_o have_v be_v use_v among_o the_o ancient_a german_n long_o before_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n where_o we_o cite_v the_o rest_n jura_n per_fw-la pagâ—â—_n viâ—osque_fw-la principes_fw-la reddunt_fw-la â—enteni_fw-la singulis_n ex_fw-la plebe_fw-la comites_fw-la consilium_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o auctoritas_fw-la adsunt_fw-la which_o exact_o answer_v our_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n under_o the_o saxon_a king_n wherein_o the_o alderman_n of_o the_o county_n or_o his_o deputy_n the_o sheriff_n preside_v and_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n or_o hundred_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o all_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o that_o though_o the_o king_n may_v appoint_v these_o prince_n or_o governor_n of_o province_n or_o county_n yet_o do_v it_o no_o more_o follow_v that_o they_o owe_v their_o be_v and_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n whole_o to_o his_o will_n than_o as_o i_o say_v before_o suppose_v that_o the_o king_n have_v ancient_o the_o nomination_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n in_o england_n that_o therefore_o they_o must_v also_o owe_v their_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o synod_n whole_o to_o they_o since_o the_o king_n perform_v both_o of_o they_o as_o a_o public_a trust_v commit_v to_o he_o by_o the_o common_a weal_n in_o the_o one_o case_n as_o much_o as_o in_o the_o other_o but_o indeed_o i_o think_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o member_n of_o this_o assembly_n beside_o alderman_n and_o burgess_n for_o city_n and_o town_n consist_v of_o those_o thanes_z who_o name_n be_v often_o find_v in_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n after_o the_o principes_fw-la deuce_n and_o comâ—â—â—s_n and_o that_o though_o many_o of_o they_o may_v be_v the_o king_n feudal_n thanes_z or_o 〈◊〉_d grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knight_n service_n in_o chief_a as_o mr._n sâ—lden_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n 515._o yet_o that_o author_n no_o where_o exclude_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o e._n middle_a or_o less_o thanes_z from_o have_v voice_n in_o those_o assembly_n who_o be_v afterward_o style_v vavissour_n or_o lord_n of_o township_n afterward_o call_v maunor_n with_o court_n annex_v to_o they_o under_o the_o name_n of_o sac_n &_o soc_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o court_n 〈◊〉_d and_o courtbaron_n especial_o if_o you_o please_v far_o to_o consider_v what_o a_o vast_a nâ—mber_n of_o alâ—dariâ—_n or_o free_a tenant_n there_o be_v then_o who_o hold_v their_o land_n discharge_v of_o all_o service_n but_o the_o common_a burden_n and_o tax_n of_o the_o nation_n none_o but_o the_o land_n of_o the_o king_n thanes_z be_v hold_v by_o military_a service_n before_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o saxon_a council_n will_v find_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o person_n that_o appear_v there_o do_v not_o owe_v their_o 〈◊〉_d to_o their_o be_v the_o king_n minister_n or_o officer_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o to_o their_o hold_v such_o land_n and_o possâ—ssions_n as_o capacitate_v they_o and_o give_v they_o a_o right_a to_o have_v place_n in_o those_o great_a council_n and_o that_o this_o be_v 〈◊〉_d we_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o law_n of_o king_n athelâ—â—an_n where_o you_o will_v find_v gâ—mility_n itself_o annex_v to_o a_o estate_n in_o land_n 54._o for_o if_o you_o will_v but_o be_v please_v to_o consult_v king_n athelston_n law_n you_o will_v there_o find_v that_o if_o a_o villaâ—aus_n or_o câ—eorl_n can_v so_o thrive_v as_o to_o get_v a_o estate_n of_o five_o hide_n in_o land_n he_o be_v reckon_v a_o thane_n i._n e._n a_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n as_o they_o be_v promiscuoul_o reckon_v at_o that_o time_n so_o that_o though_o i_o suppose_v there_o may_v not_o be_v in_o those_o time_n that_o exact_a distinction_n between_o peer_n and_o commons_o as_o there_o have_v be_v establish_v since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n yet_o be_v it_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o effect_n since_o the_o bishop_n earl_n or_o alderman_n of_o shire_n though_o not_o enjoy_v as_o hereditary_a honour_n may_v make_v then_o the_o great_a nobility_n or_o peer_n as_o the_o thanes_z be_v the_o less_o nobility_n gentleman_n or_o freeholder_n who_o all_o appear_v in_o person_n may_v together_o with_o
the_o alderman_n or_o burgess_n of_o town_n represent_v those_o which_o we_o now_o call_v the_o commons_o and_o suppose_v that_o then_o there_o be_v no_o knight_n of_o shire_n yet_o these_o be_v then_o the_o only_a proprietor_n of_o any_o considerable_a estate_n of_o land_n in_o the_o nation_n may_v very_o well_o represent_v all_o their_o vassal_n or_o vnder-tenent_n as_o tenant_n for_o year_n and_o at_o will_n be_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n though_o they_o have_v no_o vote_n at_o their_o election_n to_o conclude_v though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o king_n be_v of_o england_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o that_o honour_n which_o we_o call_v peerage_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o in_o pursuance_n of_o that_o ancient_a constitution_n which_o their_o ancestor_n bring_v out_o of_o old_a saxony_n and_o normandy_n along_o with_o they_o as_o the_o firm_a defence_n of_o kingly_a power_n against_o the_o insolency_n and_o encroachment_n of_o the_o common_a or_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n as_o well_o as_o tyranny_n in_o their_o prince_n and_o therefore_o in_o all_o monarchy_n where_o there_o be_v no_o hereditary_a nobility_n the_o prince_n have_v no_o sure_a â—ay_n to_o maintain_v his_o power_n than_o by_o stand_v army_n to_o who_o humour_n and_o paction_n he_o be_v more_o subject_a and_o be_v also_o more_o liable_a to_o be_v murder_v or_o depose_v by_o they_o when_o discontent_v with_o he_o than_o ever_o any_o limit_a prince_n yet_o be_v or_o can_v be_v by_o his_o nobility_n or_o people_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o from_o a_o multitude_n of_o example_n not_o only_o from_o the_o roman_a but_o moorish_a arabic_a and_o turkish_a history_n and_o therefore_o to_o constitute_v a_o last_a stable_n limit_v monarchy_n as_o we_o be_v it_o must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o model_n i_o have_v here_o propose_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o contradict_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o your_o discourse_n but_o i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o that_o if_o as_o you_o yourself_o grant_v there_o be_v no_o knight_n of_o shire_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n i_o can_v see_v how_o those_o we_o call_v the_o vulgar_a or_o commons_o of_o england_n have_v then_o any_o representative_n in_o the_o great_a council_n since_o those_o thanes_z or_o lord_n of_o manor_n who_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v represent_v their_o tenant_n or_o vassal_n be_v never_o choose_v by_o they_o and_o consequent_o can_v not_o proper_o be_v their_o representative_n but_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v easy_a enough_o to_o prove_v that_o none_o of_o your_o inferior_a or_o middle_a thanes_z but_o only_o the_o chief_a or_o superior_a have_v place_n in_o those_o assembly_n so_o that_o these_o feudal_n thanes_z or_o such_o as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a by_o military_a service_n be_v of_o the_o same_o kind_a with_o they_o that_o be_v after_o the_o norman_a time_n honorary_a or_o parliamentary_a baron_n and_o their_o thainland_n alone_o be_v the_o honorary_a thainland_n and_o such_o as_o be_v afterward_o parliamentary_a barony_n nor_o can_v i_o find_v any_o footstep_n in_o our_o ancient_a english_a history_n of_o city_n and_o burough_n send_v any_o representatives_n to_o those_o great_a council_n so_o that_o admit_v i_o shall_v own_o at_o present_a that_o the_o bishop_n and_o some_o great_a abbot_n have_v from_o the_o first_o settle_v of_o christianity_n in_o this_o island_n a_o indisputable_a place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o likewise_o that_o the_o earl_n alderman_n or_o great_a nobility_n have_v also_o vote_n in_o those_o assembly_n and_o that_o the_o chief_z thanes_z or_o less_o noble_n have_v also_o their_o place_n there_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o estate_n yet_o certain_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v of_o a_o much_o late_a date_n and_o owe_v its_o being_n either_o to_o the_o grace_n and_o favour_n of_o our_o king_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n or_o else_o to_o those_o that_o have_v usurp_v their_o power_n and_o this_o i_o think_v dr._n brady_n have_v very_o well_o prove_v against_o mr._n petyt_n and_o i_o think_v i_o can_v convince_v you_o also_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o by_o he_o as_o well_o as_o other_o argument_n be_v it_o not_o now_o too_o late_o to_o enter_v upon_o so_o long_a a_o subject_a f._n therefore_o pray_v let_v we_o defer_v any_o further_a discourse_n of_o this_o question_n till_o the_o next_o time_n we_o meet_v wherein_o i_o hope_v i_o may_v show_v you_o that_o if_o you_o owe_v that_o opinion_n to_o the_o doctor_n argument_n he_o have_v lead_v you_o into_o a_o very_a gross_a mistake_n and_o i_o shall_v only_o at_o present_a take_v my_o leave_n of_o you_o and_o bid_v you_o good_a night_n m._n i_o wish_v you_o the_o like_a advertisement_n a_o brief_a discourse_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n according_a to_o the_o principle_n and_o method_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o reverend_n dr._n cumberland_n now_o lord_n bishop_n of_o peterborough_n latin_a treatise_n on_o that_o subject_a as_o also_o his_o confutation_n of_o mr._n hobb_n principle_n put_v into_o another_o method_n with_o the_o right_n reverend_a author_n approbation_n finis_fw-la bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n whether_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n represent_v by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o parliament_n be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o or_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n collect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a dialogue_n the_o six_o london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o may_v be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o and_o five_o dialogue_n 1693._o author_n make_v use_v of_o and_o how_o denote_v 1._o mr._n pettit_n ancient_n right_o of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n asserted_n p.r.c._n 2._o dr._n brady_n answer_n thereunto_o edit_fw-la in_o folio_n b._n a._n p._n 3._o the_o say_v doctor_n be_v glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o b._n g._n 4._o anamadversion_n upon_o treatise_n janii_n anglorum_fw-la force_n novo_fw-la b._n a._n i._n 5._o the_o author_n of_o janus_n etc._n etc._n his_o confutation_n of_o the_o say_a doctor_n entitle_v janus_n anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antique_a i._n a._n a._n 6._o dr._n brady_n preface_n to_o his_o history_n b._n p._n h._n 7._o dr._n iohnston_n excellency_n of_o monarchical_a government_n i._o e._n m._n g._n the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n have_v in_o my_o last_o discourse_n treat_v of_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o also_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o our_o english_a government_n by_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o former_a of_o which_o question_n i_o shall_v scarce_o have_v dwell_v so_o long_o upon_o have_v i_o then_o know_v of_o a_o learned_a treatise_n now_o 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v publish_v on_o that_o subject_a i_o be_o at_o last_o arrive_v at_o the_o hard_a and_o most_o important_a though_o perhaps_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o some_o the_o dry_a and_o most_o unpleasant_a part_n of_o my_o task_n viz._n who_o be_v ancient_o the_o constituent_a part_n or_o order_n of_o man_n who_o make_v up_o thâ—se_a assembly_n that_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o chief_z thanes_z or_o baron_n be_v principal_a member_n be_v grant_v by_o all_o party_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v from_o the_o very_a original_a of_o these_o great_a council_n nay_o till_o long_o after_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n any_o representative_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o we_o now_o call_v they_o in_o distinction_n from_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a be_v a_o doubt_n which_o as_o it_o be_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v find_v first_o raise_v by_o a_o italian_a virgil._n who_o write_v the_o history_n of_o england_n in_o the_o last_o age_n so_o have_v it_o be_v continue_v by_o some_o antiquary_n of_o our_o present_a age_n though_o the_o first_o that_o ever_o appear_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a be_v a_o treatise_n publish_v by_o james_n howel_n in_o the_o cottoni_fw-la posthuma_n under_o the_o name_n of_o sir_n robert_n cotton_n about_o 1654._o but_o whether_o it_o be_v he_o or_o no_o i_o know_v not_o only_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o by_o mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o collection_n of_o record_n which_o he_o publish_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o same_o author_n in_o 1657._o and_o after_o he_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o sole_a representative_a for_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o those_o council_n be_v next_o print_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n parliamentum_fw-la where_o king_n john_n charter_n be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o the_o main_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o assertion_n the_o next_o who_o appear_v in_o prâ—nt_n on_o
deputy_n to_o their_o great_a council_n at_o all_o and_o since_o the_o government_n of_o england_n as_o you_o yourself_o grant_v do_v very_o much_o resemble_v that_o why_o may_v it_o not_o be_v so_o here_o too_o f._n i_o think_v your_o reply_n have_v no_o more_o weight_n in_o it_o than_o what_o you_o have_v already_o urge_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o lie_v upon_o your_o side_n to_o prove_v that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n be_v or_o chief_a thanes_z have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n and_o wheâ—â—_n you_o can_v prove_v that_o you_o may_v do_v something_o but_o what_o i_o have_v now_o bring_v to_o prove_v the_o great_a antiquity_n of_o our_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n be_v not_o so_o little_a to_o the_o purpose_n as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o since_o it_o confirm_v that_o right_n of_o prescription_n which_o all_o ancient_a city_n and_o burrough_n be_v england_n do_v claim_n of_o senâ—ing_a member_n to_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o pray_v 〈◊〉_d what_o mr._n lambard_n a_o person_n who_o all_o the_o learned_a own_o extreme_o know_v in_o the_o english_a saxon_a government_n tell_v we_o on_o this_o subject_a etc._n in_o his_o archeion_n in_o these_o word_n that_o whereas_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o law_n viz._n those_o make_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n he_o there_o mention_n all_o the_o act_n be_v say_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o king_n and_o â—is_n wiseman_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o law_n each_o statute_n be_v thus_o and_o it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o his_o wiseman_n so_o as_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v then_o a_o receive_a form_n of_o speech_n to_o signify_v both_o the_o spirituality_n and_o laity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o great_a nobility_n and_o the_o less_o or_o commons_o by_o this_o one_o word_n witena_n i._n e._n wiseman_n now_o as_o these_o write_a authority_n do_v undoubted_o confirm_v our_o assertion_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o this_o manner_n of_o parliament_n so_o be_v there_o also_o unwritten_a law_n or_o prescription_n 〈◊〉_d do_v no_o less_o infallible_o uphold_v the_o same_o for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o in_o every_o quarter_n of_o the_o realm_n a_o great_a many_o burrough_n do_v yet_o send_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n which_o be_v nevertheless_o so_o ancient_a and_o so_o long_o since_o decay_v and_o go_v to_o nought_o that_o it_o can_v be_v show_v that_o they_o have_v be_v of_o any_o reputation_n at_o any_o time_n since_o the_o conquest_n and_o much_o lesâ—_n than_o they_o have_v obtain_v this_o privilege_n by_o the_o grant_n of_o any_o king_n succeed_v the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o interest_n which_o they_o have_v in_o parliament_n grow_v by_o a_o ancient_a usage_n before_o the_o conquest_n whereof_o they_o can_v show_v any_o beginning_n which_o thing_n be_v also_o confirm_v by_o a_o contrary_a usage_n in_o the_o self_n same_o thing_n for_o it_o be_v likewise_o know_v that_o they_o of_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la do_v prescribe_v in_o not_o send_v to_o the_o parliament_n for_o which_o reason_n also_o they_o be_v neither_o contributer_n to_o the_o wage_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n neither_o be_v they_o bind_v by_o sundry_a act_n of_o parliament_n though_o the_o same_o be_v general_o pen_v and_o do_v make_v no_o exception_n of_o they_o but_o there_o be_v no_o ancient_a demesne_n save_v that_o only_a which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_fw-la regis_fw-la which_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v such_o as_o either_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o conqueror_n himself_o who_o make_v the_o book_n or_o of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n that_o be_v before_o he_o and_o so_o again_o if_o they_o of_o ancient_a demesne_n have_v ever_o since_o the_o conquest_n prescribe_v not_o to_o elect_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n then_o no_o doubt_n there_o be_v a_o parliament_n before_o the_o conquest_n to_o the_o which_o they_o of_o other_o place_n do_v send_v their_o burgess_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o learned_a author_n do_v not_o only_o believe_v that_o the_o lord_n but_o that_o also_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n and_o representative_n of_o city_n and_o town_n be_v include_v under_o the_o word_n wite_v and_o also_o that_o these_o placeâ—_n claim_v that_o privilege_n by_o prescription_n and_o not_o by_o grant_n of_o any_o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n or_o before_o m._n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o mr._n lambard_n be_v a_o learned_a antiquary_n yet_o there_o be_v other_o more_o in_o number_n and_o perhaps_o of_o great_a learning_n who_o do_v suppose_v that_o no_o city_n or_o burrough_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n but_o since_o the_o conquest_n the_o i_o confess_v the_o time_n be_v not_o exact_o agree_v on_o but_o whenever_o they_o begin_v to_o appeaâ—â—_n there_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o can_v have_v no_o right_n of_o come_v but_o from_o the_o king_n summons_n or_o grant_n since_o none_o but_o such_o city_n or_o town_n that_o hold_v of_o thâ—_n king_n in_o capite_fw-la 38._o have_v ancient_o any_o place_n in_o those_o assembly_n noâ—_n of_o they_o neither_o any_o other_o but_o those_o who_o the_o king_n please_v to_o call_v and_o from_o thence_o proceed_v that_o great_a variety_n we_o find_v in_o the_o list_n of_o those_o town_n which_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n but_o i_o shall_v omit_v speak_v any_o thing_n far_o of_o this_o at_o present_a but_o as_o for_o those_o middle_n inferior_a thanes_z or_o vavassour_n as_o they_o be_v afterward_o call_v who_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v make_v so_o great_a a_o figure_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v that_o they_o have_v any_o vote_n there_o and_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v to_o you_o by_o and_o by_o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v in_o those_o meeting_n from_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o the_o 49_o hen._n iii_o now_o if_o it_o be_v true_a as_o you_o suppose_v king_n william_n make_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o his_o conquest_n of_o it_o it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o person_n viz._n tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v the_o only_a member_n of_o it_o before_o the_o conquest_n too_o but_o if_o you_o have_v any_o express_a authority_n out_o of_o our_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n or_o history_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o appear_v at_o the_o wittena_n gemote_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n pray_v let_v we_o see_v they_o f._n i_o shall_v perform_v your_o command_n immediate_o but_o in_o the_o first_o place_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o what_o you_o have_v say_v concern_v city_n and_o town_n not_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n till_o after_o the_o conquest_n be_v a_o great_a mistake_n build_v upon_o a_o false_a and_o precarious_a hypothesis_n that_o they_o all_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n the_o contrary_a of_o which_o i_o shall_v make_v out_o when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o question_n so_o likewise_o be_v it_o as_o precarious_a that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o vote_n in_o our_o great_a council_n in_o the_o time_n immediate_o succeed_v your_o conquest_n till_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen_n iii_o and_o that_o therefore_o it_o must_v have_v be_v so_o before_o the_o conquest_n for_o as_o i_o own_o that_o king_n william_n make_v no_o material_a alteration_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o his_o entrance_n so_o i_o likewise_o affirm_v that_o as_o well_o after_o as_o before_o that_o time_n if_o not_o knight_n of_o shire_n yet_o all_o thanes_z the_o or_o baron_n i._n e._n great_a freeholder_n of_o england_n have_v place_n in_o that_o assembly_n before_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o authority_n you_o desire_v i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a general_n council_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n viz._n that_o which_o be_v hold_v at_o canterbury_n a._n d._n 605._o by_o king_n ethelbert_n not_o long_o after_o the_o settlement_n of_o christianity_n in_o this_o island_n which_o be_v record_v by_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o british_a council_n in_o these_o word_n an._n incarnationis_fw-la dominicae_fw-la 685._o aethelbertus_n rex_fw-la in_o fide_fw-la roboratus_fw-la catholica_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la beria_fw-la regina_fw-la silioque_fw-la ipso_fw-la eadbaldo_n 126._o ac_fw-la reverendissimo_fw-la praesule_fw-la augustino_n caeterisque_fw-la optimatibus_fw-la terrâ—_n solenitatem_fw-la natalis_n domini_fw-la celebrant_n cantuariae_fw-la convocato_fw-la igitâ—r_fw-la ibidem_fw-la communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o
in_o these_o two_o quotation_n since_o in_o that_o out_o of_o camden_n you_o can_v deny_v but_o he_o have_v true_o quote_v that_o author_n as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o first_o edition_n and_o if_o he_o afterwares_o alter_v it_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v question_v whether_o he_o do_v not_o add_v the_o word_n superiores_fw-la rather_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o displease_v the_o great_a nobility_n who_o that_o quotation_n have_v before_o shockt_v than_o out_o of_o any_o sense_n of_o his_o be_v in_o the_o wrong_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o out_o of_o a_o nameless_a manuscript_n author_n that_o henry_n iii_o out_o of_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n of_o baron_n which_o be_v seditious_a and_o turbulent_a call_v the_o best_a and_o chief_a of_o they_o only_o by_o writ_n to_o parliament_n by_o which_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o he_o suppose_v all_o those_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o no_o lord_n as_o now_o understand_v who_o be_v thus_o exclude_v to_o have_v be_v only_o nominal_a and_o not_o real_a baron_n and_o if_o so_o commoners_z or_o else_o he_o must_v extend_v the_o peerage_n of_o england_n to_o at_o least_o three_o or_o four_o thousand_o person_n for_o so_o many_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v very_o well_o be_v at_o that_o time_n the_o same_o i_o may_v likewise_o say_v as_o to_o the_o quotation_n out_o of_o mr._n selden_n for_o by_o the_o word_n quibus_fw-la peculiaris_fw-la in_o ordinum_fw-la comitiis_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la it_o be_v plain_a he_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v but_o mere_a commoner_n yet_o he_o no_o where_o affirm_v that_o none_o but_o these_o appear_v in_o parliament_n for_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n for_o he_o very_o well_o know_v the_o unreasonableness_n of_o that_o supposition_n since_o beside_o these_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 8._o bracton_n in_o his_o first_o book_n tell_v we_o of_o divers_a other_o order_n of_o man_n of_o great_a dignity_n and_o power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n about_o the_o time_n when_o you_o suppose_v this_o marvellous_a alteration_n to_o have_v happen_v his_o word_n be_v these_o et_fw-la sub_fw-la iis_fw-la viz._n regibus_fw-la deuce_n comites_fw-la barones_n magnates_n sive_fw-la vavassores_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la &_o etiam_fw-la liberi_fw-la &_o villani_n &_o deversa_fw-la potestates_fw-la sub_fw-la rege_fw-la constitutae_fw-la and_o a_o little_a far_o sunt_fw-la &_o alti_fw-la potentes_fw-la sub_fw-la rege_fw-la qui_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la barones_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la robur_n belli_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la qui_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la vavassores_fw-la viri_fw-la 〈◊〉_d dignitatis_fw-la from_o which_o word_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o observe_v that_o he_o here_o make_v the_o magnates_n and_o the_o vavassores_fw-la or_o feudatory_a tenant_n to_o be_v all_o one_o and_o also_o rank_n they_o before_o the_o milites_fw-la now_o whether_o these_o vavassores_fw-la and_o milites_fw-la who_o do_v not_o all_o hold_n of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v man_n of_o so_o great_a dignity_n and_o power_n as_o these_o who_o he_o here_o reckon_v immediate_o after_o the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n shall_v have_v no_o vote_n in_o parliament_n neither_o by_o themselves_o nor_o their_o representative_n be_v altogether_o improbable_a and_o agreeable_a to_o this_o of_o bracton_n du_n fresne_n in_o his_o lexicon_n tit._n vavasor_n tell_v we_o 1262._o that_o vavassorum_fw-la duo_fw-la erant_fw-la ordines_fw-la sub_fw-la majorum_fw-la apellatione_fw-la implectuntur_fw-la qui_fw-la barones_n apellantur_fw-la sub_fw-la â—norum_fw-la vero_fw-la quos_fw-la vulgò_fw-la vavassores_fw-la dicunt_fw-la ut_fw-la leges_fw-la henrici_fw-la i._n reg._n ang._n thaine_n minores_fw-la respectu_fw-la thainorum_fw-la majorum_fw-la qui_fw-la baronibus_fw-la aequiparantur_fw-la but_o that_o these_o lesser_a thanes_z or_o vavassor_n be_v also_o style_v barones_n sir_n h._n spelman_n tell_v we_o express_o in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n baro_n 70._o etiam_fw-la barones_n comitum_fw-la procer_fw-la umque_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la barones_n subalterni_fw-la &_o baronum_n barones_n sâ—pissime_fw-la leguntur_fw-la and_o of_o this_o he_o give_v we_o many_o example_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o chief_a tenant_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o ramsey_n above_o mention_v so_o likewise_o the_o same_o author_n a_o leaf_n or_o two_o far_a speak_v of_o the_o barones_n of_o london_n mention_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o understand_v they_o pro_fw-la civibus_fw-la praestantioribus_fw-la qui_fw-la socnas_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la i._n e._n curias_n habuerunt_fw-la &_o privilegia_fw-la eorum_fw-la instar_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la barones_n comitatus_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la etc._n etc._n nor_o do_v this_o title_n of_o barones_n extend_v to_o london_n alone_o but_o he_o also_o immediate_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o place_n sic_fw-la barones_n de_fw-la ebaraco_n de_fw-fr cestria_n de_fw-la warwico_fw-la de_fw-mi so_o feversham_n &_o plurium_fw-la villaram_fw-la regiis_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la insignium_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it tum_fw-la in_fw-it gallia_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o baron_n of_o county_n be_v no_o more_o than_o lord_n of_o manor_n i_o have_v just_a now_o prove_v for_o socna_n mean_v no_o more_o than_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr or_o court_n of_o a_o manor_n so_o that_o here_o arise_v a_o plain_a distinction_n between_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la the_o king_n be_v great_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o these_o lesser_a baron_n we_o now_o be_v here_o speak_v of_o call_v medmesse_n thegnes_fw-la and_o burgh_n thegnes_fw-la by_o the_o saxon_n till_o they_o 〈◊〉_d on_o the_o word_n parliamentum_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o though_o no_o peer_n yet_o be_v barones_n regni_fw-la baron_n or_o nobleman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o general_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n nobiles_fw-la in_o that_o age_n and_o be_v such_o make_v up_o the_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n call_v by_o matt._n paris_n and_o other_o author_n baronagium_n or_o communitas_fw-la baronagit_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la m._n i_o see_v you_o do_v all_o you_o can_v from_o the_o equivocal_a use_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n to_o crowd_n in_o new_a and_o unknown_a man_n into_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n viz._n your_o baron_n of_o county_n city_n and_o town_n who_o since_o you_o dare_v not_o affirm_v there_o be_v then_o any_o knight_n of_o shire_n you_o suppose_v to_o have_v serve_v instead_o of_o they_o and_o these_o you_o will_v have_v to_o be_v not_o barones_n regis_fw-la but_o regni_n or_o terrae_fw-la 161._o forsooth_o i._n e._n of_o the_o land_n or_o kingdom_n whereas_o we_o never_o have_v any_o true_a barones_n hold_v by_o mean_a tenor_n here_o in_o england_n this_o if_o you_o deny_v you_o must_v deny_v all_o history_n and_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o law-book_n too_o and_o if_o you_o grant_v it_o you_o must_v confess_v that_o every_o baron_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o your_o own_o concession_n he_o must_v then_o be_v the_o king_n baron_n or_o baro_n regis_fw-la i_o grant_v indeed_o there_o be_v nominal_a or_o titular_a baron_n such_o as_o you_o mention_v many_o in_o those_o time_n such_o as_o be_v tenant_n to_o great_a lord_n bishop_n or_o abbot_n of_o who_o we_o find_v frequent_a mention_n in_o our_o ancient_a history_n record_n and_o charter_n but_o these_o be_v not_o the_o man_n who_o have_v ever_o any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o ever_o they_o appear_v there_o before_o the_o time_n i_o assign_v and_o i_o will_v also_o have_v you_o inform_v yourself_o of_o the_o gentleman_n of_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o notion_n if_o they_o can_v prove_v that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o kind_n of_o tenure_n as_o tenura_n de_fw-fr terra_fw-la or_o de_fw-fr regno_fw-la or_o whether_o there_o be_v ever_o any_o man_n that_o hold_v a_o estate_n de_fw-fr regno_fw-la whether_o forfeiture_n or_o escheat_n be_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o whether_o fealty_n be_v swear_v or_o homage_n do_v to_o the_o kingdom_n or_o whether_o a_o earl_n be_v invest_v or_o gird_v with_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o county_n by_o the_o kingdom_n or_o whether_o the_o ancient_a ceremony_n use_v at_o the_o creation_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v do_v by_o the_o kingdom_n thus_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o thus_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v perform_v and_o do_v to_o our_o ancient_a king_n and_o by_o they_o which_o be_v most_o manifest_a note_n of_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a jurisdiction_n over_o the_o baron_n and_o that_o they_o be_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o consequence_n his_o baron_n only_o which_o you_o can_v deny_v and_o of_o which_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n always_o create_v by_o investiture_n of_o robe_n or_o other_o ceremony_n be_v summon_v by_o particular_a write_n
answer_v it_o i_o confess_v it_o appear_v very_o specious_a at_o first_o sight_n but_o what_o if_o i_o show_v you_o that_o this_o letter_n be_v write_v by_o the_o lord_n only_o from_o lincoln_n after_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v dismiss_v from_o thence_o by_o prorogation_n or_o adjournment_n for_o though_o it_o be_v common_o story_v but_o erroneous_o that_o this_o whole_a parliament_n 153._o or_o at_o least_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o the_o commons_o write_v to_o the_o pope_n concern_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o superiority_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n over_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v so_o for_o this_o parliament_n meet_v on_o the_o octave_n of_o hillary_n or_o the_o 20_o of_o january_n and_o sit_v but_o eight_o day_n the_o writ_n for_o the_o commons_o expense_n bear_v date_n january_n the_o 30_o of_o the_o same_o year_n writ_n and_o the_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n sign_v by_o the_o temporal_a lord_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v date_v feb._n 12_o the_o next_o follow_v at_o lincoln_n after_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v discharge_v 14_o day_n so_o that_o you_o see_v the_o baron_n still_o continue_v to_o style_v themselves_o the_o community_n of_o england_n and_o both_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a baron_n and_o other_o of_o the_o king_n council_n do_v stay_v and_o dispatch_v much_o business_n after_o all_o other_o be_v dismiss_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o there_o recite_v proclamation_n and_o may_v be_v full_o prove_v from_o the_o proceed_n of_o that_o paâ—liament_n as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o ryley_n plâ—cita_fw-la parliamentaria_fw-la etc._n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o england_n for_o who_o the_o baron_n there_o name_v set_v their_o seal_n to_o that_o letter_n you_o mention_v be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n only_o f._n i_o confess_v mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o animadversion_n upon_o my_o lord_n coke_n four_o institutes_n be_v the_o first_o who_o start_v this_o objection_n that_o the_o commons_o can_v not_o be_v present_a as_o party_n to_o this_o letter_n 9_o yet_o he_o still_o suppose_v that_o the_o lord_n who_o stay_v behind_o and_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o great_a council_n at_o lincoln_n sign_v it_o not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o for_o the_o commons_o also_o though_o not_o actual_o there_o and_o be_v not_o so_o extravagant_a as_o your_o dr._n to_o suppose_v that_o by_o the_o word_n in_o this_o letter_n tam_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la quam_fw-la pro_fw-la tota_fw-la communitate_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o community_n of_o baron_n only_o for_o that_o will_v have_v be_v a_o tautology_n indeed_o for_o so_o the_o last_o word_n communitas_fw-la etc._n etc._n will_v have_v signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o they_o subscribe_v for_o themselves_o and_o themselves_o and_o that_o the_o word_n cummaâ—â—tas_fw-la 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very_o good_a authority_n to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a against_o such_o clear_a evidence_n as_o this_o but_o this_o record_n go_v on_o and_o far_o recite_v that_o these_o letter_n be_v send_v to_o the_o pope_n exit_fw-la parte_fw-la communitatis_fw-la praedictae_fw-la and_o in_o which_o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la set_v forth_o the_o say_a grievance_n to_o the_o full_a now_o as_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la here_o express_v all_o sort_n of_o degree_n of_o clergy_n as_o well_o superior_a as_o inferior_a represent_v in_o parliament_n and_o convocation_n so_o much_o populus_fw-la here_o signify_v the_o laity_n of_o both_o order_n as_o well_o the_o commons_o as_o lord_n since_o the_o commons_o be_v certain_o present_a at_o this_o parliament_n and_o why_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la shall_v not_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n long_o before_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n for_o it_o but_o the_o dr.'s_n bear_v assertion_n and_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v that_o the_o commons_o can_v be_v no_o party_n to_o this_o letter_n because_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n that_o they_o be_v discharge_v before_o this_o letter_n be_v write_v admit_v it_o be_v so_o it_o make_v nothing_o against_o my_o assertion_n for_o why_o can_v not_o the_o commons_o agree_v upon_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o letter_n and_o leave_v the_o lord_n to_o draw_v it_o up_o and_o subscribe_v it_o for_o they_o after_o they_o be_v go_v home_o and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o appear_v by_o the_o letter_n if_o self_n which_o recite_v that_o the_o king_n have_v cause_v the_o pope_n letter_n in_o medio_fw-la or_o pleno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la exhiberi_fw-la ac_fw-la scriose_fw-la nobis_fw-la fecit_fw-la exponi_fw-la unde_fw-la habito_fw-la tractatu_fw-la &_o deliberationâ—_n diligenti_fw-la super_fw-la câ—â—tentis_fw-la in_o literis_fw-la vestris_fw-la memoratis_fw-la communis_fw-la concor_fw-la &_o unanimus_fw-la omnium_fw-la &_o singulâ—râ—m_fw-la consensus_fw-la suit_n etc._n etc._n now_o every_o one_o know_v that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o parliamentary_a affair_n that_o when_o any_o thing_n be_v say_v in_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o other_o record_n to_o have_v be_v agree_v upon_o in_o full_a parliament_n that_o be_v always_o understand_v to_o have_v be_v do_v all_o the_o estate_n be_v there_o present_a nor_o can_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o this_o letter_n shall_v not_o be_v call_v the_o letter_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o lord_n since_o the_o very_a statute_n of_o that_o age_n be_v often_o say_v to_o have_v be_v assent_v to_o by_o the_o commons_o though_o it_o be_v clear_a they_o be_v not_o draw_v up_o into_o form_n till_o after_o the_o parliament_n be_v dismiss_v but_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v certain_o party_n to_o this_o letter_n appear_v by_o a_o record_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o edw._n iii_o time_n print_v by_o mr._n pryn_n keeper_n of_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n and_o which_o he_o tell_v we_o he_o find_v among_o the_o roll_n in_o the_o white-town_n which_o record_n contain_v the_o head_n of_o a_o defence_n compile_v by_o the_o king_n council_n in_o order_n to_o a_o strong_a defence_n against_o the_o pope_n take_v cognizance_n in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n concern_v the_o king_n of_o england_n superiority_n over_o scotland_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o 2d_o of_o which_o record_n 895._o there_o be_v a_o remarkable_a article_n relate_v to_o this_o very_a letter_n now_o before_o we_o in_o these_o word_n item_n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la quod_fw-la nobiles_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o procuratores_fw-la crâ—munitatis_fw-la subditorum_fw-la regni_fw-la praedicti_fw-la admittantur_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la domiâ—â—â—_n regem_fw-la ad_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la defensiones_fw-la propenend_n prout_fw-la corum_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ab_fw-la avo_fw-la dicti_fw-la domâ—â—â—_n regis_fw-la nostri_fw-la â—rant_fw-la admissi_fw-la now_o to_o what_o transaction_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n i._n this_o king_n grandfather_n can_v this_o passage_n
confer_v any_o new_a right_n or_o privilege_n upon_o freeholder_n of_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o give_v their_o voice_n at_o such_o election_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o only_o take_v away_o the_o right_n which_o the_o small_a freeholder_n of_o under_o 40_o s_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la whether_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o have_v before_o and_o restrain_v it_o only_o to_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v land_n or_o tenement_n to_o the_o vaâ—â—_n of_o 40_o s._n by_o year_n above_o all_o charge_n and_o it_o be_v yet_o a_o much_o great_a mistake_n to_o suppose_v as_o your_o dr._n do_v that_o this_o statute_n of_o 8_o the_o hen._n vi_o be_v at_o all_o alter_v by_o that_o of_o the_o 10_o the_o of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o explanation_n of_o it_o viz._n that_o by_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v mean_v 40_o s._n freehold_n and_o that_o of_o land_n lie_v within_o the_o county_n where_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v so_o that_o nothing_o can_v prove_v more_o express_o that_o all_o freeholder_n as_o well_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o by_o any_o other_o tenure_n be_v all_o alike_o capable_a of_o election_n and_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n long_o before_o those_o statute_n and_o consequent_o be_v all_o alike_a freeholder_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n but_o if_o you_o have_v nothing_o at_o present_a to_o object_v against_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v pray_v pursue_v the_o method_n you_o have_v undertake_v and_o let_v i_o see_v those_o convince_a proof_n you_o so_o much_o rely_v upon_o and_o which_o you_o hope_v may_v also_o serve_v to_o convert_v i_o m._n before_o i_o undertake_v this_o task_n pray_v permit_v i_o to_o give_v you_o my_o opinion_n in_o answer_n to_o the_o difficulty_n you_o have_v now_o propose_v which_o i_o confess_v seem_v to_o carry_v some_o weight_n with_o it_o but_o those_o prejudices_fw-la will_v soon_o vanish_v when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o 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proceed_v in_o the_o design_n i_o have_v undertake_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o i_o show_v you_o first_o of_o all_o who_o be_v those_o freeman_n or_o freeholder_n proper_o so_o call_v upon_o who_o the_o whole_a burden_n of_o the_o subordinate_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chief_o rely_v and_o who_o then_o constitute_v the_o legal_a university_n or_o community_n thereof_o immediate_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o during_o many_o king_n reign_n after_o that_o time_n i_o suppose_v you_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v out_v all_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o their_o estate_n give_v they_o away_o to_o his_o french_a and_o norman_a follower_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n in_o capite_fw-la either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o ancient_a demesne_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o add_v more_o thereunto_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o royal_a dignity_n and_o for_o this_o i_o need_v refer_v you_o to_o no_o better_a author_n than_o doomsday_n book_n itself_o and_o then_o after_o he_o have_v thus_o distribute_v the_o land_n of_o england_n as_o aforesaid_a he_o compose_v a_o body_n of_o law_n still_o extant_a and_o which_o be_v in_o great_a part_n addition_n to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o his_o predecessor_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o three_o or_o four_o of_o these_o new_a law_n 254._o and_o then_o i_o shall_v leave_v you_o to_o judge_v who_o be_v the_o true_a freeman_n or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n they_o the_o first_o be_v the_o 52_o d_o law_n of_o this_o king_n tit._n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la &_o obsequio_fw-la ergo_fw-la regem_fw-la statuâ—mus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la faedere_fw-la &_o sacramento_n affirmarent_fw-la quod_fw-la intra_fw-la &_o extra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la quod_fw-la olim_fw-la vocabâ—o_fw-la regnum_fw-la britanny_n wilâ—ielmo_n regi_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la fideles_fw-la esse_fw-la volunt_fw-la tâ—ras_n &_o honour_n illius_fw-la omni_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la seruare_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la &_o alienigenar_a difendere_fw-la now_o who_o these_o freeman_n be_v that_o be_v thus_o to_o maintain_v the_o king_n in_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o 55th_o law_n follow_v tit._n de_n clienteleri_fw-la seu_fw-la feudorum_fw-la jure_fw-la &_o ingenuòrum_fw-la immunitate_fw-la volumus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ac_fw-la firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarchiae_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o â—â—_o mean_v terras_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o póssessiones_fw-la sâ—â—s_fw-la benè_fw-la &_o in_o pace_n libere_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la exactione_n injusto_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la tallagio_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la nihil_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n exigatur_fw-la vel_fw-la capiatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la liberum_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jùre_fw-la nobis_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la &_o facere_fw-la tenentur_fw-la &_o prout_fw-la statutum_n est_fw-la in_o &_o allis_fw-la a_o nobis_fw-la datum_n &_o concessum_fw-la jure_fw-la hereditario_fw-la imperpetuum_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la votius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n here_o mention_v who_o be_v to_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n in_o peace_n and_o free_a from_o all_o unjâ—_n exaction_n and_o taillage_n be_v only_o such_o who_o be_v to_o perform_v free_a service_n i._n e._n knight_n service_n which_o be_v before_o appoint_v and_o grant_v they_o in_o hereditary_a right_n by_o the_o king_n in_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o none_o be_v proper_o freeman_n or_o exempt_v from_o tax_n or_o talliage_n 17._o but_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o military_a tenure_n though_o not_o knight_v and_o pray_v also_o by_o the_o way_n take_v notice_n that_o by_o this_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la you_o be_v not_o to_o understand_v a_o council_n of_o english_a man_n or_o of_o english_a and_o french_a together_o but_o one_o whole_o make_v up_o of_o frenchman_n or_o norman_n who_o as_o well_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n as_o temporal_a earl_n and_o baron_n hold_v almost_o all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o kingdom_n by_o knight_n service_n which_o be_v also_o far_o make_v out_o by_o the_o 58_o the_o law_n tit._n de_n clientum_fw-la seu_fw-la vassallorem_fw-la prastationibus_fw-la statuimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o berme_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la &_o universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la prâ—â—â—â—tihabeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la se_fw-la semper_fw-la benè_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la &_o in_o equis_fw-la ut_fw-la decet_fw-la &_o oportet_fw-la &_o qud_fw-la sint_fw-la semper_fw-la prompti_fw-la &_o benè_fw-la parati_fw-la ad_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la integrum_fw-la nobis_fw-la explendum_fw-la &_o pâ—â—â—gendum_fw-la cum_fw-la semper_fw-la opus_fw-la adfuerit_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la debent_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la &_o teneâ—â—â—tis_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o sicut_fw-la illis_fw-la statuimus_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la &_o illis_fw-la dedimus_fw-la &_o concessimus_fw-la in_o feodo_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la hoc_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la violatum_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la super_fw-la foris_fw-la facturam_fw-la nostram_fw-la plenam_fw-la so_o that_o here_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v to_o perform_v their_o military_a service_n ibid._n with_o horse_n and_o arm_n according_a to_o their_o fee_n and_o tenor_n therefore_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o military_a service_n only_o which_o in_o those_o time_n be_v the_o only_a great_a freeman_n and_o that_o service_n the_o only_a free_a service_n which_o be_v mean_v in_o this_o law_n and_o â—ow_o different_a they_o be_v from_o our_o ordinary_a freeholder_n at_o this_o day_n for_o who_o neither_o of_o these_o law_n be_v make_v i_o dare_v leave_v it_o
word_n clâ—rus_n which_o there_o come_v immediate_o after_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n must_v needs_o signify_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n he_o express_v the_o lay_v order_n thus_o cum_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la ac_fw-la proceribus_fw-la cunctis_fw-la where_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o word_n proceres_fw-la here_o put_v distinct_a from_o barones_n which_o may_v very_o well_o signify_v not_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v the_o word_n proceres_fw-la do_v often_o signify_v both_o in_o our_o historian_n and_o record_n but_o quadrilogus_fw-la give_v we_o the_o title_n of_o these_o constitution_n more_o exact_o in_o these_o word_n facta_fw-la est_fw-la ista_fw-la recognitio_fw-la coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la &_o comitibus_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o in_o the_o next_o line_n he_o say_v that_o those_o custom_n be_v thus_o recognize_v per_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o per_fw-la nobiliores_fw-la &_o antiquiores_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o he_o likewise_o distinguish_v between_o the_o bishop_n and_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o those_o who_o in_o the_o first_o place_n he_o call_v proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o the_o next_o he_o call_v nibilores_n &_o antiquiores_fw-la regni_fw-la by_o which_o he_o may_v mean_v the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o be_v call_v in_o the_o saxon_a times_n seniores_fw-la &_o sapientes_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v now_o if_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n appear_v by_o their_o representative_n at_o this_o council_n since_o they_o can_v not_o then_o all_o come_v thither_o in_o person_n any_o more_o than_o now_o to_o imagine_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n shall_v not_o be_v likewise_o there_o by_o their_o representative_n of_o their_o own_o order_n be_v to_o deprive_v the_o commons_o of_o that_o right_n which_o you_o can_v but_o allow_v to_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n to_o conclude_v you_o yourself_o confess_v that_o your_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la sometime_o call_v barones_n minores_fw-la be_v only_o nominal_o and_o nor_o proper_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o sense_n that_o word_n be_v now_o take_v and_o if_o so_o pray_v give_v i_o any_o satisfactory_a reason_n why_o other_o commoner_n as_o well_o as_o they_o viz._n the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n may_v not_o then_o likewise_o have_v have_v place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n m._n i_o see_v you_o use_v your_o utmost_a endeavour_n from_o the_o various_a and_o equivocal_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n in_o question_n between_o we_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n miiâ—a_n &_o homines_fw-la sai_fw-la which_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a can_v not_o be_v according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n at_o that_o time_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o very_a plain_a answer_n to_o your_o question_n why_o other_o commonrss_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o be_v present_a or_o have_v place_n in_o those_o great_a council_n because_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n and_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o that_o time_n appear_v by_o those_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o dr._n b._n have_v make_v use_n of_o with_o so_o good_a success_n against_o mr._n p._n and_o the_o author_n of_o janus_n anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v read_v they_o along_o with_o i_o 〈◊〉_d they_o stand_v here_o in_o the_o appendix_n to_o the_o dr_n complete_a history_n of_o england_n 131._o and_o as_o he_o have_v transcribe_v they_o from_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n in_o bennet_n college_n and_o divide_v they_o into_o so_o many_o distinct_a article_n or_o chapter_n but_o those_o we_o chief_o insist_v upon_o be_v these_o article_n 14._o nullum_fw-la scutagium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ponam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la nisi_fw-la ad_fw-la corpus_fw-la nostrum_fw-la redimendum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la primogenâ—â—_fw-la 〈◊〉_d filium_fw-la nostrum_fw-la militem_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la primogenitam_fw-la filiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la semel_fw-la nâ—â—tandam_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la non_fw-la siet_fw-la nisi_fw-la rationabile_fw-la auxilium_fw-la 15._o simili_fw-la modo_fw-la fiat_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la londinensi_fw-la &_o civitas_n londinensâ—_n habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la antiquas_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terras_fw-la quâ—â—_n per_fw-la aquas_fw-la 16._o praeterea_fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la aliae_fw-la civitates_fw-la &_o burgi_n &_o villae_fw-la &_o barones_n the_o quinque_fw-la portibus_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la portus_n habeant_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertà tes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_fw-la conclium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la aâ—â—liis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la 17._o et_fw-fr de_fw-fr scutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la submoneri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la &_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_n singillatin_a per_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la 18._o et_fw-la praterea_fw-la faciemus_fw-la submoneri_fw-la in_o generali_fw-la per_fw-la vice_n comites_fw-la &_o ballivos_fw-la nostrâ—_fw-la omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la scilicet_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la quadra_fw-la ginta_fw-la dierum_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la certum_fw-la locum_fw-la &_o in_o omnibus_fw-la literis_fw-la submonitionis_fw-la caâ—_n same_o submonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la exponemus_fw-la 19_o et_fw-la sic_fw-la facta_fw-la submonitione_fw-la negotium_fw-la procedat_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la assignatum_fw-la secundâ—â—_n consilium_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la praesentes_fw-la fuâ—rint_fw-la quamvis_fw-la non_fw-la omnes_fw-la submoniti_fw-la venerint_fw-la from_o which_o ancient_a monument_n we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n 1._o that_o the_o king_n exercise_v a_o royal_a prerogative_n before_o this_o charter_n of_o assess_v aid_n and_o scutage_n upon_o all_o sort_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n without_o the_o assent_n oâ—_n the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n since_o call_v the_o parliament_n from_o do_v which_o for_o the_o future_a the_o king_n by_o this_o charter_n tie_v up_o his_o own_o iâ—â—and_n unless_o iâ—_n the_o three_o case_n here_o particular_o reserve_v 2._o that_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o other_o member_n to_o be_v summon_v to_o thâ—â—_n council_n but_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o great_a baron_n bâ—_n particular_a writ_n and_o all_o the_o other_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o one_o general_a summons_n by_o the_o sheriff_n so_o that_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o greaâ—_n council_n before_o this_o time_n only_o consist_v of_o such_o earl_n greaâ—_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 211._o as_o the_o king_n by_o special_a write_v waâ—_n please_v to_o summon_v and_o this_o new_a way_n bring_v in_o a_o greateâ—_n number_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o ever_o have_v appear_v before_o so_o that_o if_o iâ—_n shall_v be_v true_a which_o you_o assert_v that_o this_o charter_n be_v no_o new_a grant_n to_o the_o people_n of_o england_n but_o a_o confirmation_n of_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o liberty_n it_o muâ—â—_n then_o necessary_o follow_v that_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la call_v sometimes_o barones_n minores_fw-la be_v then_o the_o only_a representative_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o that_o the_o inferior_a tenant_n consent_n be_v include_v in_o tâ—â—_n assent_v of_o his_o immediate_a superior_a lord_n p._n who_o presence_n be_v râ—â—quired_v in_o those_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n need_v not_o think_v be_v doubt_v and_o i_o can_v give_v you_o if_o need_v be_v several_a authority_n to_o prove_v it_o but_o pray_v observe_v further_a that_o here_o be_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o in_o this_o charter_n of_o any_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n to_o be_v summon_v to_o the_o great_a council_n unless_o you_o will_v have_v they_o include_v under_o the_o general_a title_n of_o all_o other_o who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o then_o none_o but_o such_o city_n and_o town_n who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la can_v pretend_v to_o send_v any_o member_n much_o less_o be_v there_o any_o mention_n of_o any_o knight_n to_o be_v choose_v for_o county_n which_o certain_o will_v have_v be_v particular_o provide_v for_o by_o this_o charter_n have_v they_o then_o have_v any_o place_n in_o this_o assembly_n so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o otherwise_o represent_v than_o by_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o rest_n of_o king_n john_n and_o most_o part_n of_o king_n henry_n iii_o reign_n for_o aught_o i_o can_v yet_o discern_v for_o though_o this_o charter_n be_v confirm_v in_o the_o second_o and_o nine_o year_n of_o
that_o king_n last_o mention_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la 〈◊〉_d regni_fw-la yet_o there_o be_v likewise_o no_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o knight_n and_o citizen_n 〈◊〉_d burgess_n f._n before_o i_o answer_v this_o main_a argument_n of_o you_o which_o i_o free_o grant_v carry_v the_o great_a show_n of_o probability_n of_o any_o you_o have_v yet_o bring_v give_v i_o â—â—â—ve_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o i_o think_v you_o be_v very_o much_o out_o in_o your_o first_o conclusion_n that_o before_o this_o charter_n the_o king_n exercise_v a_o royal_a prerogative_n of_o impose_v tax_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o parliament_n for_o if_o you_o mean_v that_o this_o exaction_n be_v exercise_v de_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o from_o thence_o you_o will_v make_v it_o a_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n i_o grant_v this_o be_v true_a not_o only_o before_o but_o after_o this_o charter_n before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la be_v make_v but_o if_o you_o mean_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la i_o affirm_v that_o our_o king_n be_v as_o much_o tie_v up_o by_o the_o 55th_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o which_o you_o have_v already_o cite_v from_o levy_v any_o unjust_a tax_n or_o exaction_n 〈◊〉_d communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o they_o can_v be_v afterward_o by_o any_o other_o subsequent_a law_n that_o can_v be_v make_v but_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o answer_v the_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v from_o this_o clause_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n to_o prove_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n but_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o charter_n of_o henry_n iii_o and_o confirmation_n of_o edward_n i._o be_v the_o same_o with_o this_o in_o the_o most_o material_a part_n yet_o there_o be_v several_a clause_n of_o which_o this_o clause_n in_o question_n be_v one_o which_o be_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n and_o yet_o be_v total_o omit_v out_o 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other_o weapon_n and_o the_o second_o article_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n say_v express_o concessimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o omnibut_fw-la liberis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la regui_fw-la anglia_fw-it pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o haeâ—elibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberate_v subscriptas_fw-la â—abeâ—das_fw-la &_o â—enandas_fw-la eye_v &_o haeredibus_fw-la â—uit_fw-la de_fw-fr nobia_n &_o hâ—rodibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la which_o the_o dr._n himself_o render_v thus_o we_o have_v also_o grant_v to_o all_o our_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n and_o sure_o then_o this_o charter_n can_v not_o be_v make_v to_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la unless_o you_o will_v suppose_v that_o none_o but_o they_o be_v freeman_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n slave_n nor_o be_v this_o charter_n only_o make_v to_o relax_v the_o severity_n of_o the_o feudal_n tenor_n as_o you_o suppose_v since_o there_o be_v divers_a other_o clause_n in_o it_o which_o concern_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeman_n and_o free_a holder_n in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o they_o for_o beside_o the_o first_o and_o second_o chapter_n of_o this_o charter_n which_o grant_v and_o confirm_v to_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n their_o right_n and_o liberty_n if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v it_o you_o will_v find_v that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o chapter_n in_o this_o charter_n which_o all_o other_o freeman_n as_o well_o as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v thereby_o a_o interest_n in_o as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o 10_o 11_o 12_o 13._o 15_o 16._o 22_o 23_o 24_o 25._o and_o above_o 30_o other_o chapter_n or_o clause_n therein_o express_v which_o be_v grant_v not_o to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o but_o either_o to_o ecclesiastic_n or_o other_o lay_v freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o to_o prove_v this_o a_o little_a further_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o 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this_o charter_n be_v make_v be_v likewise_o present_a and_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o the_o make_n of_o it_o nor_o be_v vavasor_n or_o fendatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n great_a lord_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la person_n so_o inconsiderable_a as_o you_o will_v make_v they_o that_o they_o only_o shall_v come_v hither_o but_o as_o follower_n to_o augment_v the_o noise_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v from_o bracton_n that_o there_o be_v divers_a of_o they_o man_n of_o great_a estate_n and_o power_n in_o their_o country_n beside_o the_o tenant_n of_o those_o abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o as_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n at_o all_o and_o yet_o make_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n beside_o tenant_n in_o petyâ—_n serjeanty_n and_o those_o that_o hold_v of_o great_a honour_n who_o can_v never_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v 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communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la can_v mean_v as_o you_o will_v have_v they_o viz._n that_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v grant_v it_o for_o themselves_o and_o the_o community_n of_o their_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n only_o who_o say_v you_o represent_v the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o then_o as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v this_o need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o at_o this_o rate_n no_o tenant_n of_o those_o abbey_n and_o monastery_n which_o be_v a_o great_a many_o who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la will_v have_v pay_v any_o thing_n to_o this_o tax_n nor_o yet_o the_o king_n tenant_n who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la but_o of_o some_o castle_n or_o honour_n nor_o last_o any_o tenant_n in_o socage_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o kent_n as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o county_n as_o mr._n taylour_n prove_v in_o his_o history_n of_o gauâ—l-kâ—nd_a so_o that_o if_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o other_o under_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n have_v be_v then_o the_o community_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o community_n have_v not_o consist_v of_o above_o one_o half_a or_o at_o most_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o in_o my_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o will_v be_v no_o difficulty_n at_o all_o for_o these_o magnate_v mention_v in_o this_o record_n be_v take_v as_o i_o have_v proveâ—_n they_o often_o be_v for_o knight_n of_o shire_n than_o these_o word_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v viz._n that_o all_o the_o party_n mention_v in_o this_o record_n give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o all_o the_o free_a holder_n of_o england_n who_o all_o contribute_v to_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o king_n daughter_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a estate_n and_o though_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n have_v be_v otherwise_o in_o this_o place_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o have_v contradict_v my_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la which_o i_o do_v not_o aver_v always_o to_o signify_v the_o commons_o but_o when_o it_o come_v immediate_o after_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n as_o it_o do_v not_o in_o this_o record_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v m._n but_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o this_o can_v be_v since_o the_o record_n say_v express_o that_o this_o aid_n be_v to_o be_v raise_v by_o 40_o s._n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o can_v only_o extend_v to_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n nor_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v since_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o at_o all_o mention_v who_o you_o know_v do_v at_o this_o day_n make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n f._n this_o proceed_v from_o your_o not_o know_v or_o else_o not_o consider_v the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o reckon_a estate_n and_o consequent_o of_o tax_v by_o knight_n fee_n not_o only_o land_n hold_v by_o military_a but_o socage_n tenure_n also_o faciendis_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o those_o writ_n of_o the_o 24_o and_o 26_o of_o hen._n iii_o as_o they_o be_v still_o upon_o the_o close_a roll_n be_v both_o almost_o the_o same_o word_n for_o word_n which_o i_o give_v you_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n yet_o since_o you_o may_v have_v forget_v they_o pray_v read_v they_o again_o rex_fw-la vicecomiti_a northampton_n saluâ—em_v praecipimus_fw-la tibi_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la ballivam_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o singulis_fw-la bonis_fw-la villis_fw-la &_o similiter_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la clamari_fw-la faâ—ies_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la integrum_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la minus_fw-la quam_fw-la feodum_fw-la integrum_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-it tenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la tam_fw-la militari_fw-la quam_fw-la socagio_fw-it possint_fw-la sistentari_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la siâ—ut_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sus_fw-la diligunt_fw-la citra_fw-la festum_fw-la omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la anno._n regni_n nostr_n xxv_o arma_fw-la capiant_fw-la &_o se_fw-la milites_fw-la â—iâ—ri_fw-la faciant_fw-la where_o you_o may_v note_n that_o all_o man_n who_o hold_v the_o value_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n either_o by_o military_a or_o socage_n tenure_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v make_v knight_n provide_v they_o can_v maintain_v themselves_o of_o their_o estate_n which_o can_v never_o have_v be_v have_v not_o the_o custom_n of_o reckon_a and_o tax_v estate_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o well_o by_o knight_n service_n as_o otherwise_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o so_o many_o knight_n fee_n that_o be_v at_o 20â—_n per_fw-la an._n be_v then_o common_o use_v but_o as_o for_o your_o next_o objection_n that_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o mention_v in_o this_o record_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la this_o prove_v no_o more_o than_o that_o which_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v you_o that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la use_v in_o your_o record_n be_v there_o to_o be_v understand_v restrictive_o and_o according_a to_o the_o subject_a matter_n viz._n the_o community_n of_o freeholders_n or_o land-holders_n of_o the_o who_o kingdom_n only_o since_o this_o tax_n be_v whole_o upon_o land_n the_o commons_o of_o city_n and_o burrough_n then_o call_v communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o buâ—gorum_n who_o estate_n lay_v in_o money_n or_o good_n can_v not_o be_v tax_v by_o knight_n fee_n nor_o do_v i_o doubt_v but_o that_o if_o we_o have_v the_o record_n of_o that_o parliament_n of_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n now_o leave_v we_o which_o be_v lose_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o they_o also_o contribute_v to_o this_o tax_n according_a to_o their_o estate_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o 34th_o year_n of_o this_o king_n to_o make_v the_o king_n be_v elder_a son_n a_o knight_n as_o for_o your_o record_n of_o the_o 20_o of_o edw._n iii_o it_o be_v but_o the_o same_o in_o effect_n with_o this_o of_o the_o 30_o of_o edw._n i._n and_o the_o same_o answer_n will_v serve_v for_o both_o only_o i_o can_v but_o observe_v that_o whereas_o you_o have_v often_o assert_v that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la do_v only_o signify_v the_o community_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la now_o you_o fall_v a_o peg_n low_a and_o it_o must_v at_o last_o take_v in_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n whether_o in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o m._n well_o then_o you_o gâ—ant_v that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la do_v not_o always_o signify_v all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o far_o that_o it_o must_v mean_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n only_o pâ—ay_o see_v this_o very_a record_n of_o the_o 34th_o of_o edw._n i._n which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o at_o large_a in_o his_o appendix_n 173._o which_o be_v long_o i_o shaâ—l_v trouble_v you_o with_o no_o more_o than_o what_o make_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n viz._n that_o the_o king_n intend_v to_o make_v his_o son_n prince_z edward_z a_o knight_n summon_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o appoint_v what_o aid_n they_o will_v grant_v the_o king_n towards_o it_o and_o than_o it_o follow_v thus_o that_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o as_o also_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n being_n mer_o treat_v together_o with_o deliberation_n upon_o this_o matter_n consider_v that_o a_o aid_n be_v due_a to_o make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n beside_o the_o burden_n that_o lie_v upon_o they_o king_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o scotch_a war_n at_o lengh_n they_o unanimous_o domino_fw-la regni_fw-la concâ—ssâ—runt_fw-la pâ—o_fw-la sâ—_n &_o â—â—tâ_fw-la communitate_fw-la râ—gni_fw-la â—ricesimam_fw-la partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la bunâ—â—um_fw-la suorum_fw-la â—â—mporalium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la for_o make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n and_o towards_o his_o expense_n of_o his_o war_n in_o scotland_n aâ—d_v then_o the_o cives_fw-la &_o â—u_n genses_fw-la civet_fw-la â—â—um_fw-la ac_fw-la burgorum_n â—c_z caeteri_fw-la de_fw-fr dominiâ—s_fw-la râ—gis_fw-la congregati_fw-la treat_v about_o the_o premise_n and_o consider_v the_o burden_n lie_v upon_o the_o king_n not_o mention_v any_o aid_n for_o make_v his_o â—on_n knight_n as_o not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knights-fee_n oâ—_n service_n and_o therefore_o none_o of_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o liable_a to_o it_o dâ—mino_fw-la râ—gâ—_n un_fw-fr inimitie_n ob_fw-la cauâ—as_fw-la supra_fw-la dictas_fw-la concâ—sserunt_fw-la vic._n simâ—m_fw-la pariem_fw-la bono_fw-mi 〈…〉_z mobilium_fw-la here_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n with_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n consult_v together_o and_o give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n a_o thirty_o part_n of_o their_o
whole_a nation_n in_o parliament_n and_o i_o be_o of_o this_o opinion_n because_o in_o many_o of_o the_o old_a statute_n before_o the_o time_n of_o robert_n the_o 2_o d._n we_o find_v the_o communitas_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la come_v immediate_o after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o in_o our_o own_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n but_o after_o those_o reign_v we_o find_v no_o more_o mention_n of_o this_o communitas_fw-la but_o only_o of_o the_o duke_n earls_z baron_n liberi_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la &_o burgensibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la as_o in_o the_o title_n to_o those_o statute_n of_o k._n robert_n the_o 3_o d_o and_o james_n the_o 5_o the_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v and_o yet_o that_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la be_v not_o ancient_o take_v for_o a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o pray_v see_v the_o 14_o the_o chap._n of_o the_o law_n of_o k._n alexander_n the_o 2_o d._n make_v anno_fw-la dom._n 1214._o with_o your_o doctor_n comment_n upon_o they_o statutum_n est_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la episcopi_fw-la nec_fw-la abbates_n nec_fw-la comites_fw-la nec_fw-la aliqui_fw-la liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la tenebunt_fw-la curias_fw-la svas_fw-la nisi_fw-la vicecome_fw-la regis_fw-la 98._o vel_fw-la servientes_fw-la vicecomitis_fw-la ibidem_fw-la fuerant_fw-la upon_o which_o word_n the_o doctor_n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n have_v this_o remark_n viz._n this_o again_o show_v we_o that_o the_o freeholder_n be_v lord_n of_o manor_n at_o least_o so_o that_o unless_o you_o will_v suppose_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v lord_n of_o manor_n or_o hold_v court_n as_o certain_o very_o many_o of_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n do_v this_o word_n libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la must_v extend_v to_o any_o other_o great_a freeholder_n or_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n of_o whatsoever_o lord_n he_o hold_v it_o and_o as_o such_o may_v ancient_o have_v have_v a_o vote_n in_o that_o parliament_n so_o that_o if_o i_o have_v as_o i_o think_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la come_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n do_v certain_o signify_v another_o order_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ay_o i_o have_v the_o same_o reason_n to_o believe_v it_o be_v so_o in_o scotland_n too_o not_o only_o because_o these_o general_a word_n communitas_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la must_v needs_o be_v more_o comprehensive_a than_o to_o express_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o who_o can_v never_o represent_v all_o the_o great_a freeholder_n in_o scotland_n any_o more_o than_o they_o do_v in_o england_n but_o also_o because_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o scotch_a lawyer_n that_o the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o constitution_n be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o kingdom_n for_o sir_n john_n skene_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o k._n james_n before_o his_o scottish_a law_n say_v thus_o intelligo_fw-la tuas_fw-la tuorumque_fw-la majorum_fw-la leges_fw-la cum_fw-la legibus_fw-la regni_fw-la tui_fw-la angliae_fw-la magna_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la consentiunt_fw-la which_o be_v also_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o the_o speech_n he_o make_v in_o parliament_n concern_v the_o union_n of_o both_o kingdom_n to_o conclude_v i_o can_v but_o admire_v your_o doctor_n strange_a partiality_n who_o do_v allow_v the_o commons_o of_o scotland_n to_o have_v even_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n when_o he_o express_o grant_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o scotland_n be_v and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o the_o king_n royal_a burrough_n be_v such_o as_o ever_o do_v and_o do_v at_o this_o day_n in_o scotland_n only_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n now_o why_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n shall_v not_o have_v always_o have_v the_o like_a privilege_n as_o well_o as_o in_o scotland_n i_o wish_v you_o can_v give_v i_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n m._n since_o you_o own_o that_o the_o tenant_n capite_fw-la or_o else_o commissioner_n in_o their_o stead_n have_v be_v the_o sole_a representative_n for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n for_o above_o 200_o year_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o be_v so_o long_o before_o that_o time_n since_o you_o confess_v you_o can_v show_v any_o law_n by_o which_o this_o ancient_a custom_n come_v to_o be_v change_v though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o statute_n before_o k._n david_n and_o robert_n the_o 2_o d_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o communitas_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la yet_o you_o must_v not_o suppose_v that_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n alter_v when_o the_o clerk_n alter_v their_o phrase_n in_o pen_v their_o statute_n and_o record_n so_o that_o this_o communitas_fw-la be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o not_o of_o the_o freeholder_n or_o of_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o as_o for_o the_o former_a you_o can_v say_v that_o all_o the_o people_n in_o scotland_n have_v ever_o a_o right_a to_o choose_v the_o commissioner_n for_o the_o shire_n for_o then_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a they_o will_v have_v keep_v to_o this_o day_n whereas_o we_o see_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o coplie_n have_v vote_n at_o such_o election_n and_o as_o for_o city_n and_o burrough_n i_o can_v find_v nor_o do_v i_o believe_v you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o instance_n of_o a_o city_n or_o burrough-town_n in_o scotland_n that_o ever_o send_v deputy_n to_o parliament_n but_o what_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n for_o though_o there_o be_v at_z i_o say_v already_o beside_o the_o royal_a burgh_n two_o other_o sort_n viz._n burrough_n of_o regality_n and_o burrough_n of_o barony_n who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n but_o not_o in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o some_o bishop_n or_o temporal_a lord_n and_o though_o divers_a of_o these_o be_v considerable_a for_o trade_n and_o riches_n yet_o none_o of_o they_o send_v any_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n so_o that_o though_o i_o confess_v there_o be_v three_o estate_n in_o the_o scotch_a parliament_n call_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o k._n david_n and_o robert_n the_o 2_o d_o the_o treâ—_n communitates_fw-la regni_fw-la yet_o do_v these_o always_o consist_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o who_o therefore_o sit_v together_o and_o make_v but_o one_o assembly_n now_o that_o we_o may_v apply_v what_o have_v be_v say_v to_o england_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o doctor_n and_o we_o that_o be_v of_o his_o opinion_n do_v not_o positive_o affirm_v that_o that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n be_v not_o at_o all_o represent_v before_o 49_o hen._n 4._o but_o that_o they_o be_v not_o represent_v in_o parliament_n by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n of_o their_o own_o choice_n but_o by_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o i_o 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the_o freeholder_n of_o england_n have_v a_o ancient_a indisputable_a right_n of_o appear_v in_o parliament_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o propriety_n in_o land_n or_o other_o estate_n whereas_o by_o our_o hypothesis_n we_o suppose_v the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n to_o have_v ancient_o be_v the_o king_n courtbaron_n consist_v of_o his_o immediate_a tenant_n call_v thither_o by_o he_o their_o supreme_a lord_n to_o advertise_v he_o of_o the_o grievance_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o to_o propose_v what_o new_a law_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonweal_n and_o together_o with_o he_o to_o raise_v such_o public_a tax_n both_o upon_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o state_n require_v yet_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a difference_n between_o your_o notion_n and_o i_o concern_v the_o right_n which_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v claim_v of_o come_v to_o parliament_n since_o before_o king_n john_n charter_n whereby_o
french_a peasant_n at_o this_o day_n and_o so_o be_v not_o reckon_v among_o the_o freeman_n all_o freedom_n consist_v then_o in_o so_o much_o freehold_a land_n hold_v in_o a_o man_n be_v own_o right_a or_o be_v freeman_n of_o some_o city_n or_o burrough_n town_n and_o this_o give_v we_o a_o reason_n why_o copy-holders_n and_o tenant_n for_o year_n have_v no_o vote_n in_o parliament_n at_o this_o day_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a and_o all_o our_o law_n book_n allow_v it_o that_o at_o the_o first_o all_o copyhold_n estate_n be_v hold_v by_o villeinage_n and_o the_o owner_n of_o they_o at_o first_o the_o villani_n or_o tiller_n of_o the_o demefnes_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o that_o town_n there_o be_v at_o first_o no_o freehold_n less_o than_o that_o of_o a_o whole_a township_n since_o a_o manor_n and_o therefore_o all_o copy-holders_n and_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o at_o will_n though_o freeman_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o have_v vote_n at_o this_o day_n because_o as_o i_o say_v before_o freedom_n ancient_o consist_v in_o the_o inheritance_n or_o freehold_n estate_n of_o land_n or_o in_o riches_n in_o trade_n or_o traffic_n lease_n for_o life_n and_o year_n be_v not_o know_v or_o at_o least_o not_o common_o in_o use_n in_o those_o day_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o when_o estate_n of_o freehold_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o small_a parcel_n all_o freeholders_n till_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n iu._n and_o vi_o which_o we_o have_v before_o cite_v be_v as_o much_o capable_a of_o give_v their_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o the_o best_a and_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o england_n till_o it_o be_v reduce_v by_o those_o statute_n to_o 40_o s._n freehold_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la these_o freeholder_n and_o burgess_n of_o town_n be_v ancient_o look_v upon_o in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n as_o the_o only_a freeman_n and_o it_o be_v these_o freeholder_n alone_o who_o owe_v suit_n and_o service_n to_o the_o county_n court_n and_o be_v amerce_v if_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v this_o be_v premise_v and_o sufficient_o understand_v will_v give_v we_o a_o very_a good_a account_n why_o copyholder_n and_o lease-holders_n for_o year_n do_v not_o give_v any_o vote_n at_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o yet_o the_o parliament_n may_v still_o continue_v the_o representative_a of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o territory_n about_o it_o be_v of_o all_o the_o roman_n though_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o liberti_n and_o in_o inqui_fw-la lini_fw-la who_o sure_o be_v freeman_n and_o not_o slave_n and_o yet_o have_v no_o vote_n in_o they_o comitiis_fw-la centuriatis_fw-la or_o general_a assembly_n of_o all_o the_o roman_a citizen_n but_o that_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la must_v take_v in_o more_o than_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o doctor_n himself_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o confess_v in_o his_o glossary_n notwithstanding_o his_o maintain_v the_o contrary_a in_o the_o body_n of_o his_o book_n viz._n that_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la p._n &_o libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la mention_v in_o john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o their_o retinue_n and_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n also_o and_o who_o he_o there_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v then_o the_o only_a man_n of_o honour_n faith_n and_o reputation_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o may_v certain_o have_v be_v choose_v knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o any_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o this_o be_v but_o argumentum_fw-la ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la for_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n by_o military_a service_n be_v not_o the_o only_a man_n of_o faith_n and_o honour_n in_o those_o time_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o king_n tenant_n in_o peâ—yt_n serjeantry_n and_o of_o some_o honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o his_o tenant_n in_o socage_n beside_o those_o who_o hold_v of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n and_o the_o tenant_n of_o those_o abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o yet_o be_v very_o numerous_a be_v man_n of_o as_o much_o faith_n and_o honour_n as_o those_o that_o do_v since_o many_o of_o they_o possess_v as_o good_a if_o not_o better_a estate_n than_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_z so_o that_o you_o be_v certain_o mistake_v in_o matter_n of_o fact_n when_o you_o say_v the_o whole_a force_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o nation_n lie_v in_o their_o hand_n for_o if_o you_o mean_v legal_a force_n i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v no_o legal_a right_n to_o give_v away_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n or_o to_o make_v law_n for_o they_o without_o their_o consent_n who_o be_v altogether_o as_o free_a as_o themselves_o servitiis_fw-la suis_fw-la debitis_fw-la solummodo_a exceptis_fw-la as_o bracton_n tell_v we_o much_o less_o for_o so_o great_a a_o body_n of_o man_n as_o i_o now_o mention_v who_o never_o hold_v of_o they_o at_o all_o and_o consequent_o can_v not_o upon_o your_o own_o hypothesis_n be_v ever_o represent_v by_o they_o but_o if_o you_o mean_v a_o physical_a strength_n or_o force_n though_o this_o can_v give_v no_o natural_a much_o less_o legal_a right_n for_o one_o man_n to_o lord_n it_o over_o another_o yet_o even_o this_o be_v much_o far_o from_o truth_n since_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o well_o by_o military_a service_n as_o in_o socage_n together_o with_o those_o above_o mention_v who_o never_o hold_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o make_v six_o time_n a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n both_o for_o number_n as_o well_o as_o estate_n than_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la take_v together_o but_o to_o conclude_v neither_o be_v your_o remark_n upon_o my_o authority_n from_o gheller_n and_o durham_n at_o all_o to_o the_o purpose_n for_o i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o those_o county_n palatine_n be_v not_o at_o first_o conclude_v within_o the_o general_a law_n and_o tax_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o they_o have_v their_o particular_a council_n for_o both_o within_o themselves_o as_o the_o supplication_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n sufficient_o declare_v and_o certain_o durham_n have_v the_o like_a privilege_n since_o i_o never_o hear_v that_o the_o man_n in_o that_o county_n be_v more_o slave_n to_o their_o bishop_n than_o the_o cheshire_n man_n to_o their_o earl_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o about_o the_o confuse_a time_n of_o king_n hen._n vi_o there_o be_v a_o great_a breach_n make_v on_o the_o ancient_a liberty_n of_o these_o two_o county_n palatine_n and_o if_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n make_v law_n for_o and_o levy_v tax_n upon_o they_o though_o they_o have_v no_o representative_n therein_o this_o proceed_v partly_o from_o their_o be_v overpower_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o ease_n they_o find_v in_o be_v excuse_v from_o the_o expense_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n which_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v at_o that_o time_n liable_a to_o and_o which_o come_v to_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o money_n four_o shilling_n per_fw-la diem_fw-la be_v in_o those_o day_n more_o than_o forty_o shilling_n now_o and_o yet_o you_o see_v at_o last_o they_o be_v aware_a of_o their_o error_n and_o at_o their_o request_n get_v the_o privilege_n of_o have_v representative_n in_o parliament_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o this_o have_v not_o be_v a_o certain_a right_n of_o english_a subject_n how_o come_v the_o welsh_a county_n which_o be_v ancient_o no_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v admit_v to_o choose_v one_o knight_n for_o each_o county_n and_o burgess_n for_o each_o burrough_n town_n as_o well_o in_o north_n wales_n as_o south_n wales_n though_o both_o these_o be_v conquer_a country_n at_o the_o first_o and_o incorporate_v to_o england_n by_o particular_a statute_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o bracton_n and_o fortescue_n assertion_n that_o no_o law_n be_v make_v nor_o tax_n impose_v in_o england_n 84._o sine_fw-la consensu_fw-la communi_fw-la â—uius_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o as_o the_o latter_a true_o add_v in_o parliamento_fw-la and_o certain_o this_o word_n common_a assent_n must_v take_v in_o all_o their_o assent_n who_o have_v estate_n either_o in_o land_n or_o other_o riches_n at_o that_o time_n when_o this_o law_n be_v establish_v but_o leave_v this_o dispute_n about_o scotland_n and_o the_o county_n palatine_n pray_v make_v a_o end_n for_o it_o grow_v late_o and_o give_v i_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o reason_n
man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v then_o in_o full_a parliament_n on_o the_o first_o of_o june_n grant_v he_o 40_o s._n on_o every_o knight_n fee_n to_o marry_v his_o daughter_n and_o it_o thence_o also_o appear_v that_o though_o this_o tax_n be_v say_v to_o be_v give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o it_o be_v by_o the_o community_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o because_o it_o be_v to_o be_v raise_v whole_o upon_o knight_n fee_n so_o that_o hitherto_o in_o this_o king_n reign_n there_o appear_v nothing_o that_o can_v plain_o evince_v either_o the_o summon_v or_o be_v of_o any_o commons_o in_o parliament_n as_o now_o understand_v we_o be_v at_o least_o leave_v at_o great_a uncertainty_n nay_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o proof_n be_v more_o strong_a on_o the_o negative_a that_o there_o be_v none_o f._n i_o wonder_v you_o shall_v mention_v this_o writ_n any_o more_o since_o i_o have_v already_o confute_v the_o doctor_n notion_n about_o it_o and_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v a_o general_a tax_n grant_v by_o the_o parliament_n upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o not_o lay_v either_o by_o or_o upon_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o nor_o do_v the_o way_n of_o tax_v by_o 40_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n at_o all_o prove_v it_o for_o if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o land_n only_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n then_o this_o tax_n can_v not_o have_v extend_v to_o any_o other_o estate_n as_o certain_o it_o do_v since_o the_o king_n can_v by_o king_n john_n charter_n have_v force_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o grant_v he_o a_o aid_n towards_o this_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n and_o if_o what_o you_o say_v be_v true_a can_v also_o have_v make_v all_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o have_v contribute_v to_o it_o according_a to_o the_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v and_o this_o without_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o aâ—_n therefore_o pray_v give_v some_o better_a authority_n than_o this_o for_o iâ—e_o assure_v you_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v with_o it_o m._n i_o will_v now_o give_v you_o the_o write_v the_o doctor_n have_v discover_v and_o by_o which_o it_o will_v plain_o appear_v that_o this_o tax_n grant_v in_o the_o 18_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n dein_fw-ge be_v give_v before_o ever_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o it_o and_o for_o this_o the_o learned_a doctor_n have_v find_v out_o a_o loose_a bundle_n of_o writ_n of_o this_o year_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o most_o county_n of_o england_n and_o they_o be_v the_o ancient_a extant_a or_o perhaps_o that_o ever_o be_v for_o in_o probability_n the_o call_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n according_a to_o that_o example_n be_v discontinue_v from_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o unto_o this_o time_n by_o which_o two_n or_o three_o knight_n be_v direct_v to_o be_v choose_v for_o each_o county_n pray_v read_v the_o writ_n itself_o since_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o the_o first_o pattern_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v write_v in_o haste_n without_o those_o form_n that_o be_v afterward_o require_v in_o writ_n of_o this_o kind_n and_o particular_o in_o this_o edwardus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la dominus_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la &_o dux_n aquiâ—aniae_n vice-comisi_a westmâ—rlandiae_fw-la salutem_fw-la cum_fw-la per_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o quosdam_fw-la alios_fw-la de_fw-la proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la nuper_fw-la fuisseâ—us_fw-la super_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la speciâ—liter_fw-la requisiti_fw-la super_fw-la quibus_fw-la tam_fw-la cum_fw-la iâ—sis_fw-la quam_fw-la cum_fw-la aliis_fw-la de_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la illius_fw-la colloquium_fw-la haâ—ere_fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o tyactatâ—m_fw-la tibi_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la duos_fw-la uâ—l_fw-la tres_fw-la de_fw-fr diâ—cretioribuâ—_n &_o ad_fw-la laborandum_fw-la potentioribus_fw-la militibus_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la praedicto_fw-la â—ine_z delatione_fw-la eligi_fw-la &_o eos_fw-la ad_fw-la nes_z usque_fw-la west_n monasterium_fw-la venire_fw-la facias_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la sint_fw-la ibidem_fw-la à _fw-la die_fw-la sancti_fw-la johannis_n bapt._n prox_n futur_fw-la in_o tres_fw-fr septimanes_n ad_fw-la ultimum_fw-la cum_fw-la plena_fw-la potestate_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o communicate_v comitat._n praedicti_fw-la adconsulendum_fw-la &_o consentienoum_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o communitate_fw-la illâ_fw-la hiis_fw-la quae_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o pro._n ever_o be_v praedicti_fw-la tunc_fw-la dixerine_n concordanda_fw-la &_o habeas_fw-la ibi_fw-la hâ—c_fw-la breve_fw-la testae_fw-la meipso_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonast_n 14_o die_v jun._n anno._n regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la 18._o whereby_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o there_o be_v yet_o no_o certain_a number_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n settle_v who_o be_v to_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v at_o this_o parliament_n and_o you_o may_v in_o the_o next_o place_n remember_v from_o a_o before_o mention_a record_n of_o the_o 30_o ed._n i._o that_o on_o the_o first_o of_o this_o month_n the_o king_n have_v scutage_n then_o give_v he_o in_o full_a parliament_n and_o now_o fourteen_o day_n after_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n upon_o certain_a matter_n by_o they_o move_v and_o propound_v to_o he_o he_o issue_v his_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o sheriffâ—_n of_o the_o several_a county_n to_o cause_v to_o be_v choose_v two_o or_o three_o knight_n of_o each_o county_n to_o come_v to_o he_o at_o westminster_n three_o week_n after_o st._n john_n baptist_n at_o far_a we_o may_v also_o further_o observe_v from_o this_o writ_n that_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a though_o it_o be_v not_o here_o absolute_o say_v so_o that_o the_o king_n be_v move_v by_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o call_v these_o knight_n to_o this_o parliament_n and_o that_o as_o this_o writ_n be_v the_o first_o to_o be_v find_v after_o that_o of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o so_o it_o real_o be_v the_o first_o writ_n of_o summons_n after_o that_o time_n for_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n to_o represent_v the_o several_a county_n in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o there_o can_v â—e_v no_o citizen_n nor_o burgess_n choose_v or_o send_v to_o this_o parliament_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o writ_n as_o they_o be_v afterward_o by_o direction_n contain_v in_o the_o writ_n send_v to_o the_o sheriff_n for_o elect_v knight_n of_o the_o shire_n last_o that_o by_o this_o writ_n the_o knight_n be_v to_o come_v to_o the_o king_n at_o westminster_n three_o week_n after_o st._n john_n baptist_n at_o further_a which_o be_v the_o 15_o of_o july_n also_o that_o in_o the_o same_o year_n between_o the_o time_n of_o the_o date_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o the_o time_n appoint_v for_o meet_v of_o the_o knight_n the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o three_o be_v make_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o this_o clause_n at_o the_o beginning_n dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la svo_fw-la apud_fw-la west_n monasterium_fw-la post_fw-la pascha-aâ—o_a regni_fw-la svi_fw-la decimo_fw-la octavo_fw-la videlicet_fw-la in_o quindena_fw-la sancti_fw-la johannis_n baptist._n that_o be_v the_o 8_o of_o july_n ad_fw-la instantiam_fw-la magnatum_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la concessiâ—_n providit_fw-la &_o statuit_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la liceat_fw-la unicuique_fw-la libero_fw-la homini_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o this_o be_v the_o same_o full_a parliament_n which_o give_v the_o king_n scutage_n on_o the_o first_o of_o june_n and_o then_o the_o king_n and_o baron_n without_o the_o commons_o make_v this_o statute_n or_o the_o knight_n have_v another_o summons_n after_o the_o date_n of_o this_o writ_n for_o before_o that_o they_o be_v not_o in_o parliament_n or_o the_o knight_n come_v a_o week_n before_o they_o have_v need_v to_o have_v do_v but_o neither_o of_o the_o latter_a be_v probable_a see_v the_o knight_n than_o be_v great_a husband_n of_o their_o time_n and_o expense_n and_o be_v not_o very_o forward_o to_o undertake_v this_o service_n as_o be_v constant_o bind_v with_o or_o engage_v by_o surety_n or_o manucaptor_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o it_o and_o their_o appearance_n in_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a to_o conclude_v that_o this_o law_n be_v make_v without_o they_o and_o before_o their_o come_n to_o parliament_n so_o much_o of_o this_o writ_n from_o which_o as_o well_o as_o divers_a follow_a writ_n and_o other_o record_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v from_o this_o king_n authority_n and_o at_o this_o very_a time_n that_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o come_v to_o be_v fix_v and_o establish_v in_o the_o present_a constant_a form_n it_o be_v now_o and_o have_v be_v in_o for_o many_o king_n reign_n and_o than_o the_o king_n in_o this_o age_n be_v not_o altogether_o confine_v to_o any_o number_n of_o knight_n
assemble_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n &c_n &c_n the_o pope_n legate_n preside_v over_o the_o clergy_n and_o beside_o these_o cum_fw-la innumera_fw-la cloi_n &_o populi_n multitudine_fw-la and_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o florence_n show_v we_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o those_o constitution_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o ecclesiastical_a there_o make_v and_o publish_v they_o be_v propose_v with_o a_o placet_fw-la vobis_fw-la and_o the_o answer_n to_o they_o be_v plaecet_fw-la placet_fw-la placet_fw-la thrice_o repeat_v which_o be_v very_o like_o the_o form_n still_o observe_v in_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n give_v their_o consent_n to_o all_o matter_n propose_v in_o their_o house_n by_o say_v content_a so_o likewise_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o florence_n in_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1127._o be_v the_o 27_o of_o this_o king_n mention_n such_o another_o general_n council_n or_o great_a synod_n 35._o wherein_o william_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n preside_v over_o the_o clergy_n and_o after_o the_o recital_n of_o all_o the_o superior_a clergy_n as_o before_o he_o thus_o proceed_v confluxere_fw-la quoque_fw-la illue_n i._n e._n to_o westminster_n magnae_fw-la multitudines_fw-la clericorum_fw-la &_o laicorum_fw-la tam_fw-la divitum_fw-la quam_fw-la mediocrium_fw-la &_o sactus_fw-la est_fw-la conventus_fw-la inaestimabilis_fw-la sedit_fw-la etiam_fw-la tribus_fw-la diebus_fw-la acta_fw-la sunt_fw-la ibi_fw-la de_fw-la negotiis_fw-la saecularibus_fw-la nonnulla_fw-la quaedam_fw-la quidem_fw-la determinata_fw-la quaedam_fw-la dilata_fw-la quaedam_fw-la vero_fw-la propter_fw-la nimium_fw-la aestuantis_fw-la turbae_fw-la tumultum_fw-la ab_fw-la audientia_fw-la judicantium_fw-la proâ—â—igata_fw-la and_o though_o the_o author_n give_v we_o the_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n only_o yet_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o he_o that_o civil_a matter_n be_v also_o transact_v in_o this_o very_a council_n which_o consist_v as_o well_o of_o the_o superior_a as_o inferior_a clergy_n as_o also_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o commons_o which_o be_v all_o express_v under_o the_o general_a word_n of_o divitum_fw-la &_o mediocrium_fw-la and_o resemble_v the_o phrase_n of_o the_o majores_fw-la &_o minores_fw-la and_o the_o des_fw-fr greindres_n &_o des_fw-fr meindres_n mention_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o marlbridge_n and_o gloucester_n which_o word_n be_v debate_v at_o our_o last_o meet_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n stephen_n there_o be_v also_o several_a council_n hold_v of_o the_o same_o sort_n and_o particular_o that_o of_o his_o three_o year_n in_o which_o be_v grant_v a_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n of_o this_o king_n 1139._o of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n which_o be_v also_o to_o be_v find_v in_o sulcardus_n chartalary_n abovementioned_a wherein_o after_o the_o general_a word_n of_o habito_fw-la universali_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la consilio_fw-la and_o a_o mention_n of_o the_o pope_n legate_n who_o preside_v over_o the_o clergy_n it_o follow_v thus_o â—ffuerunt_fw-la etiam_fw-la comites_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la &_o barones_n quamplurimi_a &_o innumera_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n multitudo_fw-la qui_fw-la his_fw-la omnibus_fw-la interfuerunt_fw-la &_o religioso_fw-la favore_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la authoritati_fw-la nostrae_fw-la paginae_fw-la &_o privilegio_fw-la praebuâ—rent_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o likewise_o in_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o ely_n under_o a._n d._n 1139._o be_v the_o four_o year_n of_o k._n stephen_n there_o be_v a_o remarkable_a passage_n 622._o when_o speak_v of_o a_o great_a council_n then_o hold_v at_o london_n he_o express_v it_o in_o these_o term_n concilio_n adunato_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n and_o then_o explain_v of_o what_o member_n these_o do_v consist_v viz_o episcoporum_fw-la atque_fw-la abbatum_fw-la monachorum_fw-la &_o clericorum_fw-la plebisque_fw-la infinitae_fw-la multitudinis_fw-la now_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o make_v some_o observation_n from_o these_o passage_n in_o all_o these_o ancient_a charter_n and_o historian_n that_o beside_o these_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v also_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o clergy_n and_o people_n or_o as_o the_o ely_n chronicle_n word_n it_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o clerk_n and_o commons_o now_o pray_v tell_v i_o what_o can_v be_v mean_v here_o by_o all_o these_o put_v distinct_a from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o high_a order_n but_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n as_o the_o dean_n archdeacon_n and_o procurator_n of_o the_o chapter_n of_o cathedral_n church_n as_o also_o those_o of_o the_o secular_a clergy_n of_o the_o whole_a diocese_n and_o who_o can_v be_v mean_v by_o this_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o people_n or_o plebis_fw-la which_o natural_o signify_v the_o common_a people_n distinct_a from_o the_o high_a nobility_n but_o the_o most_o considerable_a freeholders_n or_o lord_n of_o manner_n whether_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o under_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o high_a nobility_n together_o with_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n of_o city_n and_o town_n and_o who_o come_v not_o only_o as_o idle_a spectator_n since_o the_o charter_n i_o last_o cite_v express_o mention_n that_o they_o be_v not_o only_o present_a but_o also_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n stephens_n m._n and_o may_v i_o not_o with_o as_o good_a reason_n ask_v you_o why_o these_o word_n populus_fw-la and_o plebs_fw-la may_v not_o in_o the_o historical_a barbarous_a latin_a of_o that_o age_n serve_v only_o to_o express_v not_o the_o multitude_n or_o rabble_n or_o mere_a common_a people_n but_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la beneath_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o great_a baron_n f._n i_o will_v give_v you_o two_o very_o good_a reason_n for_o that_o first_o from_o the_o great_a analogy_n there_o be_v then_o between_o the_o member_n of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o those_o of_o the_o inferior_a laiety_n or_o commons_o the_o former_a of_o which_o even_o all_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n except_o those_o few_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la with_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n already_o mention_v hold_v only_o in_o frank_n alimoign_n and_o not_o by_o any_o military_a tenure_n at_o all_o now_o pray_v give_v i_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n why_o the_o laity_n shall_v not_o also_o consist_v of_o all_o other_o order_n of_o man_n who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la neither_o and_o by_o who_o i_o do_v not_o mean_v the_o mere_a vulgar_a or_o rabble_n though_o freemen_n of_o freeholders_n of_o small_a estate_n but_o the_o most_o considerable_a freeholders_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n in_o england_n or_o else_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n who_o i_o suppose_v represent_v not_o only_a themselves_o but_o their_o inferior_a tenant_n whether_o copy-holders_n or_o for_o term_n of_o year_n as_o also_o the_o representative_n of_o all_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n town_n in_o england_n now_o these_o might_n together_o with_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la make_v so_o great_a a_o assembly_n as_o may_v very_o well_o deserve_v the_o title_n with_o a_o easy_a hyperbole_n of_o infinita_fw-la or_o innumera_fw-la multitudo_fw-la as_o our_o ancient_a historian_n express_v it_o whereas_o your_o drs._n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v never_o in_o these_o first_o time_n after_o this_o conquest_n amount_v to_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n not_o be_v by_o his_o own_o confession_n 171._o above_o 700_o person_n beside_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o do_v not_o make_v above_o 100_o more_o which_o can_v never_o deserve_v the_o title_n of_o a_o infinite_a and_o innumerable_a multitude_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v that_o neither_o your_o notion_n nor_o your_o authority_n to_o prove_v it_o do_v any_o way_n satisfy_v i_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n your_o argument_n from_o the_o analogy_n between_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n who_o you_o say_v make_v up_o this_o assembly_n do_v not_o hold_v for_o though_o i_o grant_v there_o may_v be_v in_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o we_o call_v the_o convocation_n and_o be_v then_o call_v the_o synod_n all_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o great_a dignify_a clergyman_n nay_o procurator_n of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n too_o if_o you_o please_v yet_o be_v not_o these_o who_o i_o grant_v be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o a_o distinct_a assembly_n from_o it_o which_o treat_v only_o of_o spiritual_a matter_n and_o together_o with_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n make_v ecclesiastical_a canon_n as_o the_o two_o house_n of_o convocation_n do_v at_o this_o day_n yet_o meddle_v not_o at_o all_o in_o matter_n of_o a_o mere_a civil_a or_o temporal_a concern_v any_o more_o than_o the_o lay_v council_n can_v meddle_v with_o spiritual_n and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o this_o be_v true_a it_o be_v evident_a beyond_o dispute_n that_o this_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n be_v often_o assemble_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n or_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o york_n when_o the_o common_a
in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n i._n and_o his_o progenitor_n have_v send_v two_o burgess_n to_o every_o parliament_n or_o that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n shall_v have_v ever_o receive_v this_o petition_n without_o indignation_n and_o a_o severe_a rebuke_n for_o their_o impudence_n if_o all_o the_o world_n theâ—_n know_v as_o certain_o they_o must_v be_v it_o true_a that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o election_n of_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o which_o be_v but_o fifty_o year_n before_o the_o 8_o of_o ed._n ii_o who_o from_o thence_o have_v appear_v no_o more_o till_o the_o 18_o of_o ed._n i._n which_o be_v but_o 24_o year_n before_o the_o delivery_n of_o this_o petition_n a_o time_n which_o must_v have_v be_v then_o fresh_a in_o the_o memory_n of_o most_o of_o the_o king_n council_n there_o present_a whereas_o they_o allow_v this_o general_a claim_n of_o prescription_n and_o every_o person_n though_o but_o mean_o skill_a in_o our_o law_n do_v understand_v a_o general_a prescription_n viz._n à _fw-fr tempore_fw-la cujus_fw-la contrarium_fw-la memoria_fw-la hominum_fw-la non_fw-la existit_fw-la what_o it_o be_v then_o and_o so_o remain_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n at_o this_o day_n as_o appear_v by_o our_o ancient_a record_n law-book_n and_o judicial_a proceed_n and_o sure_o the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n do_v not_o ground_n their_o petition_n of_o right_n upon_o a_o affirmation_n in_o nubes_fw-la 11._o but_o the_o justice_n &_o certainty_n of_o their_o claim_n as_o they_o very_o well_o know_v which_o so_o they_o pray_v it_o may_v be_v examine_v by_o uncontrollable_a proof_n the_o roll_n of_o chancery_n and_o the_o king_n chancellor_z and_o all_o the_o council_n do_v no_o less_o know_v there_o be_v such_o entry_n on_o the_o roll_n and_o therefore_o order_v their_o search_n whereas_o if_o the_o very_a ground_n of_o their_o petition_n have_v be_v notorious_o false_a and_o idle_a as_o it_o must_v have_v be_v if_o neither_o this_o nor_o any_o other_o burrow_n have_v send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o then_o instead_o of_o record_v this_o petition_n and_o answer_n to_o future_a age_n they_o will_v with_o contempt_n and_o indignation_n have_v reject_v it_o nor_o will_v the_o abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n council_n and_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hertford_n against_o who_o this_o petition_n be_v exhibit_v have_v be_v want_v in_o their_o own_o defence_n to_o have_v show_v that_o this_o ancient_a prescription_n not_o only_o of_o this_o but_o of_o all_o other_o burrough_n be_v a_o mere_a chimaera_n and_o fable_n but_o instead_o of_o this_o we_o do_v not_o find_v they_o make_v any_o opposition_n against_o it_o because_o they_o know_v they_o have_v be_v summon_v and_o appear_v at_o divers_a parliament_n before_o that_o time_n 202._o as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o prins_n parliamentary_a register_n they_o be_v in_o the_o 28_o of_o edward_n i._n which_o be_v 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and_o that_o they_o also_o be_v summon_v &_o appear_v in_o primo_fw-la &_o jecundo_fw-la of_o edward_n the_o second_o in_o who_o reign_n this_o petition_n be_v exhibit_v you_o may_v see_v in_o prin_n parliamentary_a register_n both_o three_o and_o four_o part_n 900._o in_o the_o last_o of_o which_o you_o may_v find_v the_o name_n of_o the_o burgess_n return_v in_o the_o first_o and_o five_o of_o this_o king_n as_o they_o may_v have_v be_v see_v also_o in_o the_o second_o have_v not_o the_o return_n as_o mr._n prin_fw-mi then_o acknowledge_v be_v tear_v off_o though_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o they_o appear_v there_o and_o so_o may_v be_v likewise_o lose_v for_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n of_o this_o king_n till_o the_o second_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o when_o we_o find_v they_o appear_v again_o and_o so_o continue_v to_o send_v burgess_n to_o this_o day_n and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n of_o their_o non_fw-la appearance_n from_o the_o defect_n of_o record_n i_o will_v undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o london_n and_o several_a other_o city_n do_v not_o send_v any_o citizen_n to_o parliament_n in_o several_a king_n reign_v as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o this_o list_n of_o town_n who_o writ_n of_o expense_n we_o now_o mention_v of_o the_o â—5th_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o firstâ—_o where_o london_n and_o most_o other_o great_a city_n be_v omit_v and_o yet_o st._n alban_n be_v in_o to_o conclude_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o be_v no_o new_a claim_n of_o this_o burrow_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n of_o the_o 5_o of_o edward_n the_o second_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hertford_n bendâ—llo_n that_o the_o bailiff_n of_o the_o abbot_n have_v refuse_v to_o levy_v the_o expense_n for_o ralph_n and_o peter_n picot_n who_o have_v serve_v as_o burgess_n for_o the_o say_a town_n in_o the_o last_o parliament_n whereupon_o the_o say_v ralph_n and_o peter_n set_v forth_o before_o the_o king_n that_o the_o say_a town_n use_v not_o to_o be_v tax_v with_o other_o burrough_n of_o the_o say_a county_n for_o the_o expense_n of_o knight_n totis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la retroactis_fw-la but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o free_a burrough_n and_o use_v to_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n which_o have_v be_v summon_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o progenitor_n temporibus_fw-la retroactis_fw-la and_o that_o the_o burgess_n of_o the_o say_a town_n use_v to_o receive_v their_o expense_n as_o the_o burgess_n of_o other_o burrough_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o which_o plea_n and_o petition_n of_o the_o say_a burgess_n when_o the_o king_n have_v appoint_v a_o day_n both_o to_o the_o say_a burgess_n and_o bailiff_n of_o the_o abbot_n to_o appear_v before_o he_o in_o chancery_n they_o fail_v at_o the_o day_n appoint_v the_o king_n therefore_o issue_v out_o this_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hertford_n to_o summon_v the_o say_a abbot_n and_o bailiff_n to_o appear_v again_o before_o he_o to_o show_v cause_n why_o the_o say_v ralph_n and_o peter_n shall_v not_o receive_v their_o expense_n as_o aforesaid_a m._n i_o will_v consider_v further_o of_o this_o argument_n for_o i_o must_v ingenious_o confess_v i_o never_o hear_v or_o understand_v so_o much_o of_o this_o matter_n before_o but_o pray_v proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o authority_n f._n but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o burrough_n of_o st._n alban_n and_o admit_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n but_o that_o also_o that_o it_o be_v the_o belief_n of_o succeed_a parliament_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n long_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o for_o proof_n of_o which_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o call_v to_o mind_v that_o king_n john_n in_o the_o 14_o of_o his_o reign_n make_v himself_o and_o crown_n tributary_n
dare_v not_o insist_v upon_o it_o so_o that_o i_o do_v not_o now_o wonder_v that_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o principle_n be_v so_o violent_a for_o this_o right_n of_o resistance_n since_o it_o be_v only_o in_o order_n to_o introduce_v your_o darling_n doctrine_n of_o the_o people_n power_n of_o depose_v or_o lay_v aside_o their_o king_n as_o you_o term_v it_o whenever_o they_o shall_v judge_v they_o turn_v tyrant_n and_o have_v thereby_o forfeit_v their_o crown_n which_o be_v a_o most_o dangerous_a doctrine_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v take_v effect_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o world_n have_v need_n look_v about_o they_o since_o the_o people_n may_v make_v up_o such_o a_o pretence_n for_o aught_o i_o know_v even_o against_o the_o very_o best_a of_o they_o that_o be_v now_o regnant_n in_o europe_n but_o sure_o absolute_a monarch_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v out_v of_o their_o crown_n by_o strain_a consequence_n or_o force_a interpretation_n of_o law_n therefore_o pray_v show_v i_o this_o original_a contract_n you_o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o and_o those_o condition_n on_o which_o you_o suppose_v our_o limit_a monarch_n hold_v their_o crown_n i_o confess_v if_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o clause_n in_o our_o law_n or_o ancient_a form_n of_o the_o coronation_n of_o our_o king_n as_o there_o be_v at_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n wherein_o the_o chief_a justice_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o people_n plain_o tell_v he_o that_o they_o make_v he_o king_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o they_o will_v have_v more_o power_n than_o himself_o or_o that_o in_o the_o confer_v of_o the_o regal_a power_n it_o be_v express_o reserve_v in_o what_o case_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o they_o to_o resist_v the_o king_n or_o to_o absolve_v his_o subject_n from_o their_o allegiance_n as_o bodin_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v express_o insert_v in_o the_o coronation_n oath_n of_o henry_n ii_o duke_n of_o anjou_n afterward_o king_n of_o france_n when_o he_o be_v make_v king_n of_o poland_n that_o if_o he_o break_v his_o oath_n and_o violate_v the_o law_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n of_o poland_n than_o the_o people_n of_o that_o kingdom_n shall_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o render_v he_o any_o obedience_n i_o grant_v then_o that_o the_o liberty_n of_o such_o a_o people_n may_v be_v preserve_v but_o the_o king_n that_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o regal_a power_n upon_o such_o condition_n will_v not_o be_v proper_o a_o monarch_n but_o liable_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o people_n whenever_o he_o real_o do_v or_o that_o they_o imagine_v he_o have_v thus_o violate_v their_o law_n since_o the_o supreme_a authority_n will_v still_o reside_v in_o they_o but_o indeed_o the_o case_n god_n be_v thank_v be_v much_o otherwise_o with_o our_o monarch_n who_o be_v king_n by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n whether_o ever_o they_o take_v any_o coronation_n oath_n or_o not_o as_o k._n edward_n the_o first_o be_v whilst_o he_o be_v in_o the_o holy_a land_n almost_o two_o year_n before_o he_o can_v come_v over_o to_o be_v crown_v and_o k._n henry_n the_o six_o be_v not_o crown_v till_o the_o eight_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n as_o well_o as_o of_o his_o age._n but_o that_o our_o king_n be_v so_o by_o inheritance_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man_n previous_a to_o any_o coronation_n oath_n or_o consent_v of_o the_o people_n be_v express_o declare_v by_o the_o act_n of_o recognition_n of_o k._n james_n i._o and_o that_o treason_n can_v be_v commit_v against_o he_o before_o he_o be_v crown_v sir_n edward_n cook_n tell_v we_o in_o calvin_n case_n rep._n be_v the_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n in_o the_o plot_n wherein_o watson_n and_o clerk_n the_o priest_n be_v execute_v and_o sir_n walter_n raleigh_n condemn_v so_o that_o what_o you_o have_v now_o urge_v from_o reason_n or_o authority_n of_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n be_v either_o quite_o mistake_v or_o else_o do_v not_o reach_v the_o matter_n in_o hand_n that_o it_o can_v be_v make_v out_o from_o reason_n be_v plain_a since_o your_o whole_a argument_n be_v build_v upon_o this_o false_a foundation_n that_o it_o be_v lawful_a in_o some_o case_n to_o resist_v the_o king_n in_o case_n of_o a_o notorious_a breach_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a also_o to_o declare_v he_o to_o have_v forfeit_v his_o crown_n if_o he_o persist_v in_o this_o violation_n whereas_o i_o deny_v your_o assumption_n for_o i_o hold_v it_o utter_o unlawful_a to_o resist_v on_o any_o pretence_n or_o for_o any_o cause_n whatsoever_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o king_n who_o as_o i_o say_v but_o now_o be_v a_o absolute_a unconditioned_a monarch_n to_o forfeit_v his_o crown_n for_o any_o such_o violation_n of_o your_o original_a contract_n or_o fundamental_a law_n of_o government_n so_o that_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o citation_n you_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o history_n as_o also_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n do_v not_o prove_v either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o of_o these_o for_o first_o as_o to_o the_o clause_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n concern_v resistance_n and_o the_o baron_n have_v a_o power_n thereby_o to_o constrain_v the_o king_n to_o amend_v his_o violation_n of_o it_o by_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o return_v to_o their_o former_a allegiance_n till_o all_o be_v redress_v make_v the_o most_o of_o it_o it_o can_v be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o particular_a concession_n for_o himself_o alone_o and_o be_v not_o intend_v to_o reach_v his_o successor_n who_o be_v not_o at_o all_o mention_v in_o this_o clause_n and_o that_o it_o be_v never_o intend_v to_o reach_v they_o may_v further_o appear_v because_o that_o this_o clause_n of_o resistance_n be_v omit_v out_o of_o all_o the_o subsequent_a great_a charter_n that_o be_v grant_v by_o henry_n the_o iii_o or_o his_o son_n edward_n the_o i._o and_o instead_o of_o this_o it_o be_v think_v a_o sufficient_a security_n upon_o the_o last_o confirmation_n of_o these_o charter_n in_o the_o 37_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n iii_o for_o the_o king_n bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n to_o agree_v that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n shall_v declare_v all_o those_o that_o wilful_o transgress_v or_o infringe_v the_o great_a charter_n in_o any_o point_n excommunicate_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la not_o except_v the_o king_n himself_o according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o it_o which_o you_o will_v find_v in_o mat._n paris_n and_o other_o writer_n of_o this_o transaction_n but_o for_o the_o place_n you_o have_v cite_v out_o of_o bracton_n there_o be_v none_o of_o they_o reach_v the_o point_n in_o question_n for_o as_o to_o the_o first_o non_fw-la est_fw-la rex_fw-la ubi_fw-la dominatur_fw-la voluntas_fw-la &_o non_fw-la rex_fw-la the_o meaning_n of_o it_o be_v not_o that_o he_o be_v no_o king_n but_o that_o he_o do_v not_o act_n as_o a_o king_n but_o a_o tyrant_n when_o he_o thus_o govern_v by_o his_o mere_a will_n and_o not_o by_o law_n and_o to_o the_o same_o effect_n be_v the_o next_o passage_n rex_fw-la est_fw-la dum_fw-la bene_fw-la regit_fw-la tyrannus_n dum_fw-la populum_fw-la fibi_fw-la tradi_fw-la they_o violenta_fw-la opprimit_fw-la dominatione_fw-la all_o which_o we_o ready_o grant_v yet_o since_o he_o be_v still_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n all_o writer_n hold_v that_o his_o govern_n without_o or_o against_o law_n can_v give_v the_o subject_n a_o power_n to_o resist_v he_o much_o less_o can_v it_o be_v construe_v as_o a_o renunciation_n or_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o imperial_a power_n and_o therefore_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o as_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n tell_v we_o whilst_o he_o thus_o act_n he_o do_v not_o act_n as_o god_n lieutenant_n but_o the_o devil_n minister_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o we_o may_v therefore_o resist_v he_o with_o carnal_a weapon_n or_o force_n since_o we_o can_v so_o resist_v the_o devil_n himself_o and_o though_o he_o may_v in_o this_o matter_n of_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n which_o he_o have_v swear_v to_o observe_v act_n as_o the_o devil_n minister_n yet_o notwithstanding_o in_o all_o other_o point_n of_o government_n as_o in_o the_o punishment_n of_o robber_n and_o other_o notorious_a offender_n and_o in_o the_o due_a administration_n of_o justice_n between_o man_n and_o man_n he_o still_o act_n as_o god_n lieutenant_n and_o it_o be_v much_o better_a that_o we_o shall_v have_v some_o civil_a government_n though_o mix_v with_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n than_o that_o we_o shall_v fall_v into_o all_o the_o mischief_n and_o confusion_n of_o a_o civil_a war_n nay_o that_o anarchy_n too_o which_o have_v be_v often_o produce_v by_o it_o and_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o last_o place_n you_o
of_o the_o people_n rather_o than_o in_o the_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o as_o to_o your_o assertion_n that_o the_o whole_a people_n be_v more_o fallible_a and_o consequent_o more_o dangerous_a judge_n in_o such_o a_o case_n than_o the_o great_a council_n i_o deny_v it_o since_o all_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n must_v be_v so_o evident_a and_o notorious_a to_o the_o sense_n and_o feel_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n or_o denial_n of_o it_o by_o any_o reasonable_a and_o indifferent_a judge_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n be_v willing_a to_o live_v in_o peace_n without_o make_v any_o disturbance_n or_o alteration_n in_o the_o government_n if_o it_o may_v be_v avoid_v whereas_o in_o any_o great_a assembly_n or_o council_n there_o be_v many_o and_o those_o of_o the_o most_o eloquent_a and_o lead_a man_n who_o common_o carry_v the_o rest_n which_o way_n they_o please_v who_o be_v 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may_v absolute_o refuse_v ever_o to_o call_v any_o parliament_n at_o all_o or_o at_o least_o may_v not_o let_v they_o sit_v till_o all_o grievance_n be_v redress_v so_o that_o i_o can_v see_v why_o they_o may_v not_o also_o judge_n when_o the_o king_n have_v so_o whole_o break_v his_o original_a contract_n and_o so_o obstinate_o persist_v in_o it_o as_o to_o create_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o crown_n since_o the_o one_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o judge_v of_o than_o the_o other_o nor_o be_v your_o parallel_n between_o our_o opinion_n and_o that_o of_o the_o jesuit_n at_o all_o true_a unless_o you_o can_v also_o prove_v that_o i_o have_v put_v the_o same_o authority_n in_o the_o people_n to_o depose_v their_o king_n by_o a_o right_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o god_n as_o the_o jesuit_n do_v in_o the_o pope_n by_o such_o a_o pretend_a power_n as_o superior_a to_o that_o of_o all_o the_o monarch_n in_o the_o world_n but_o there_o be_v nothing_o like_o it_o in_o my_o hypothesis_n since_o i_o do_v neither_o allow_v the_o people_n to_o judge_n or_o depose_v the_o king_n much_o less_o to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n though_o a_o tyrant_n but_o only_o to_o judge_n and_o declare_v when_o he_o have_v make_v such_o notorious_a breach_n on_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n as_o do_v necessary_o imply_v a_o forfeiture_n or_o rather_o a_o implicit_a abdication_n of_o his_o royal_a power_n and_o whereby_o he_o depose_v himself_o but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o second_o point_n to_o prove_v that_o our_o king_n be_v never_o absolute_a monarch_n or_o have_v the_o sole_a and_o absolute_a authority_n over_o the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o that_o there_o be_v somewhat_o still_o reserve_v by_o the_o people_n at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n and_o which_o the_o king_n by_o the_o original_a contract_n when_o he_o or_o his_o ancestor_n take_v the_o crown_n must_v be_v still_o suppose_v as_o bind_v to_o maintain_v now_o that_o there_o must_v have_v be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o a_o original_a contract_n however_o light_v you_o be_v please_v to_o make_v of_o it_o i_o thus_o make_v out_o you_o may_v remember_v that_o at_o our_o five_o meeting_n i_o prove_v that_o at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o kingly_a government_n in_o this_o nation_n it_o be_v not_o by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n but_o election_n 2._o that_o this_o election_n be_v make_v either_o by_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n in_o person_n or_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o mycel_v synod_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n 3._o that_o this_o great_a council_n do_v then_o reserve_v to_o themselves_o these_o material_a part_n of_o government_n first_o a_o right_a of_o meet_v or_o assemble_v at_o state_v time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o that_o without_o any_o previous_a summons_n from_o the_o king_n 2._o a_o right_a of_o propose_v or_o at_o least_o oâ—_n ascend_v to_o all_o law_n that_o shall_v be_v make_v in_o all_o future_a time_n 3._o a_o right_a of_o grant_v general_a aid_n or_o tax_n for_o the_o people_n and_o that_o without_o their_o consent_n no_o tax_n can_v be_v impose_v 4._o and_o as_o subsequent_a to_o all_o these_o a_o right_a of_o agree_v to_o all_o war_n and_o treaty_n of_o peace_n â—o_o be_v make_v with_o foreign_a nation_n but_o the_o first_o and_o last_o of_o these_o though_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o have_v be_v constant_o observe_v during_o the_o saxon_a government_n and_o long_o after_o yet_o since_o the_o people_n have_v part_v with_o their_o right_n to_o their_o king_n in_o these_o matter_n i_o shall_v not_o now_o insist_v upon_o they_o only_o that_o this_o people_n have_v still_o a_o right_n to_o parliament_n once_o in_o three_o year_n at_o least_o and_o often_o if_o necessity_n require_v these_o then_o be_v the_o original_a constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n must_v have_v either_o enter_v into_o a_o compact_n with_o the_o people_n for_o the_o maintenance_n and_o observation_n of_o these_o fundamental_a right_n or_o else_o it_o must_v have_v be_v leave_v to_o his_o discretion_n whether_o he_o will_v suffer_v the_o people_n to_o enjoy_v they_o or_o not_o if_o the_o latter_a have_v be_v true_a than_o i_o grant_v they_o have_v make_v he_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n and_o have_v leave_v it_o whole_o at_o his_o discretion_n whether_o they_o shall_v enjoy_v these_o fundamental_a right_n and_o privilege_n or_o not_o but_o it_o appear_v plain_o to_o the_o contrary_a that_o they_o do_v not_o for_o i_o shall_v prove_v if_o need_v be_v that_o the_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v at_o first_o elective_a and_o not_o hereditary_a now_o in_o all_o elective_a kingdom_n of_o the_o gothick_n model_n it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o their_o king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v absolute_a that_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n or_o great_a council_n of_o those_o kingdom_n reserve_v to_o themselves_o a_o power_n of_o depose_v their_o king_n for_o tyranny_n and_o mis_n government_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v be_v frequent_o do_v not_o only_o in_o england_n but_o in_o all_o the_o neighbour_a kingdom_n without_o any_o imputation_n of_o rebellion_n and_o i_o have_v also_o give_v you_o a_o quotation_n out_o of_o the_o ancient_a mirror_n of_o justice_n which_o tell_v we_o that_o upon_o the_o election_n of_o the_o first_o king_n of_o this_o whole_a island_n 8._o the_o prince_n that_o choose_v he_o then_o cause_v he_o to_o swear_v that_o he_o will_v maintain_v the_o holy_a christian_a faith_n with_o all_o his_o power_n shall_v rule_v his_o people_n just_o without_o regard_n to_o any_o person_n and_o shall_v be_v obedient_a to_o suffer_v right_o or_o justice_n as_o well_o as_o other_o his_o subject_n and_o now_o that_o upon_o a_o failure_n to_o perform_v these_o thing_n a_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o
he_o be_v make_v king_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v how_o their_o take_n of_o land_n from_o he_o can_v make_v he_o become_v a_o absolute_a and_o irresistible_a monarch_n over_o they_o and_o their_o descendant_n so_o that_o if_o upon_o your_o supposition_n all_o the_o owner_n of_o land_n in_o england_n at_o this_o day_n hold_v their_o estate_n either_o by_o descent_n or_o purchase_n from_o those_o ancient_a norman_n or_o french_a proprietor_n they_o must_v also_o succeed_v to_o the_o same_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n as_o those_o under_o who_o they_o claim_v do_v former_o enjoy_v but_o before_o i_o conclude_v i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o you_o have_v say_v against_o my_o proof_n of_o the_o formal_a election_n of_o king_n william_n for_o if_o the_o keep_n of_o a_o guard_n about_o the_o place_n where_o the_o king_n be_v elect_v and_o crown_v shall_v void_a the_o freedom_n of_o the_o election_n i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o election_n of_o any_o elective_a king_n or_o monarch_n no_o not_o of_o the_o german_a emperor_n himself_o will_v hold_v good_n as_o for_o the_o other_o reason_n that_o they_o can_v not_o choose_v but_o â—lect_v he_o that_o be_v yet_o more_o trivial_a for_o there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o one_o thaâ—_n stand_v to_o be_v choose_v they_o can_v indeed_o choose_v no_o other_o but_o if_o not_o have_v a_o liberty_n to_o refuse_v must_v void_a the_o right_n of_o election_n pray_v consider_v as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o canonical_a election_n of_o bishop_n in_o the_o church_n of_o england_n at_o this_o day_n therefore_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o king_n william_n i._o be_v as_o lawful_o and_o free_o elect_v as_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n his_o predecessor_n who_o all_o author_n agree_v to_o have_v have_v no_o other_o title_n and_o williâ—lmus_n gemeticensis_n in_o the_o place_n i_o now_o cite_v tell_v we_o he_o be_v elect_v king_n as_o well_o of_o the_o norman_a as_o english_a noble_n and_o if_o the_o custom_n have_v not_o â—â—en_o â—â—cen_v to_o elâ—â—â—_n the_o king_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v it_o be_v not_o likely_a thaâ—_n your_o conqueror_n will_v have_v introduce_v a_o new_a custom_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o his_o pretend_a right_n by_o conquest_n but_o indeed_o there_o be_v not_o only_o more_o cogent_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o crown_n be_v former_o elective_a than_o â—he_v constant_a usage_n as_o you_o yourself_o confess_v ever_o since_o your_o preâ—ended_a conquest_n to_o this_o day_n of_o ask_v the_o people_n whether_o they_o be_v content_a to_o have_v such_o a_o one_o for_o their_o king_n as_o for_o your_o doctor_n quotation_n out_o of_o william_n of_o â—oictoâ—_n pray_v take_v notice_n that_o he_o place_v your_o conqueror_n hereditary_a bequest_n together_o with_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o english_a as_o his_o best_a title_n and_o the_o right_n of_o war_n last_o by_o which_o this_o author_n do_v not_o understand_v a_o conquest_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n but_o his_o prevail_a against_o harold_n m._n i_o do_v own_o with_o the_o learned_a dr._n b._n that_o the_o descendant_n of_o those_o ancient_a norman_a and_o freâ—â—h_a earl_n and_o baron_n than_o come_v in_o with_o the_o conqueror_n and_o their_o posterity_n afterward_o see_v the_o yoke_n of_o feudal_a tenor_n and_o other_o prerogative_n this_o king_n and_o his_o descendant_n exercise_v over_o they_o to_o press_v as_o hard_o upon_o they_o as_o the_o ancient_a english_a be_v those_o that_o make_v such_o a_o disturbance_n for_o their_o right_n and_o liberties_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o h._n john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v their_o ancestor_n be_v never_o conquer_v and_o consequent_o can_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o he_o as_o to_o a_o conqueror_n 〈◊〉_d may_v for_o all_o this_o maintain_v that_o they_o and_o their_o posterity_n be_v as_o much_o bind_v to_o a_o absolute_a subjection_n without_o any_o resistance_n aâ—_n the_o english_a who_o they_o conquer_v for_o they_o be_v either_o his_o own_o subject_n in_o aâ—â—mandâ—_n before_o his_o come_a oâ—eâ—_n hither_o or_o else_o be_v such_o volunteer_n who_o follow_v he_o but_o of_o hope_n of_o estate_n and_o brâ—ferment_n be_v for_o all_o those_o of_o the_o former_a 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d be_v his_o subject_n before_o they_o be_v tie_v not_o only_o by_o their_o 〈◊〉_d oath_n of_o a_o regiance_n which_o they_o have_v take_v in_o normandy_n but_o be_v also_o bind_v by_o the_o same_o obligation_n of_o non_fw-fr resistance_n as_o all_o other_o subject_n must_v always_o be_v both_o in_o that_o and_o all_o other_o government_n to_o all_o which_o be_v add_v another_o obligation_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o who_o be_v not_o his_o subject_n before_o his_o entrance_n since_o this_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v by_o conquest_n the_o conqueror_n as_o appear_v in_o that_o he_o bestow_v the_o 〈◊〉_d part_n of_o 〈◊〉_d his_o followeâ—â—_n who_o blood_n run_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o vein_n of_o most_o of_o our_o english_a gentry_n and_o nobility_n as_o a_o reward_n for_o their_o service_n and_o assistance_n though_o he_o may_v have_v some_o part_n to_o the_o english_a native_n and_o their_o heir_n yet_o so_o aâ—_n that_o he_o alter_v the_o tenure_n and_o make_v it_o descend_v with_o such_o burden_n as_o he_o please_v to_o lay_v upon_o they_o so_o that_o as_o well_o â—his_v own_o countryman_n norman_n as_o those_o of_o all_o other_o nation_n who_o thus_o become_v subject_n and_o feudatary_n to_o he_o for_o all_o the_o land_n they_o possess_v in_o england_n since_o he_o be_v the_o only_a directus_fw-la dominus_fw-la or_o lord_n paramount_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v also_o his_o vassal_n and_o subject_n for_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o rebellion_n or_o death_n without_o heir_n those_o land_n be_v to_o return_v to_o he_o again_o and_o to_o be_v aâ—_n his_o dispossal_n so_o that_o all_o subject_n as_o well_o norman_n as_o other_o foreigner_n who_o have_v land_n grant_v to_o they_o by_o the_o conqueror_n thus_o become_v his_o homines_fw-la ligei_n liegeman_n and_o do_v owe_v faith_n and_o true_a allegiance_n to_o he_o as_o their_o supreme_a and_o liege_n lord_n as_o the_o king_n be_v call_v in_o several_a statute_n and_o the_o definition_n of_o liegeancy_n be_v set_v down_o to_o the_o grand_a customary_a of_o normandy_n ligeantia_fw-la est_fw-la ex_fw-la quâ_fw-la domino_fw-la tementur_fw-la vasalli_n svi_fw-la &c_n &c_n that_o be_v liegeancy_n be_v a_o obligation_n upon_o all_o subject_n to_o take_v part_n with_o their_o liege_n lord_n against_o all_o man_n live_v to_o aid_v and_o assist_v he_o with_o their_o body_n and_o good_n and_o with_o their_o advice_n and_o power_n 〈◊〉_d to_o lift_v up_o their_o hand_n against_o he_o nor_o to_o support_v in_o any_o wise_a those_o who_o oppose_v he_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o supreme_a or_o liege_n lord_n be_v likewise_o bind_v to_o govern_v and_o defend_v his_o liege_n people_n according_a to_o the_o right_n custom_n and_o law_n of_o the_o country_n yet_o be_v he_o not_o liable_a to_o resistance_n much_o less_o forfeiture_n if_o he_o neglect_v it_o for_o though_o if_o subject_n break_v their_o covenant_n and_o prove_v disloyal_a all_o their_o land_n and_o other_o right_n be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n yea_o if_o the_o king_n or_o supreme_a lord_n break_v his_o oaâ—â—â—_n notwithstanding_o his_o sail_v therein_o neither_o his_o crown_n nor_o any_o right_n belong_v to_o his_o royal_a dignity_n be_v thereby_o forfeit_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o inequality_n be_v because_o the_o king_n give_v law_n to_o the_o people_n but_o the_o people_n do_v not_o give_v law_n to_o he_o so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o however_o you_o 〈◊〉_d the_o conqueror_n entrance_n whether_o by_o the_o sword_n or_o to_o avoid_v the_o envy_n of_o the_o title_n of_o a_o conqueror_n by_o a_o voluntary_a submission_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n to_o he_o as_o to_o their_o sovereign_n the_o conclusion_n can_v vary_v because_o the_o duty_n of_o nonresistance_n arise_v from_o their_o own_o act_n they_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o be_v his_o true_a and_o loyal_a subject_n with_o which_o oath_n resistance_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n consist_v f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v take_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v for_o a_o satisfactory_a answer_n since_o i_o doubt_v it_o will_v do_v you_o little_a service_n whether_o you_o make_v use_v of_o it_o either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o norman_n or_o other_o foreigner_n for_o as_o to_o the_o soâ—mâ—r_n it_o appear_v from_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o normandy_n that_o the_o duke_n be_v no_o absolute_a monarch_n there_o but_o feudatary_a to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o far_o can_v make_v no_o law_n nor_o impose_v tax_n in_o normandy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o that_o duchy_n as_o
english_a and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o in_o this_o cause_n it_o will_v follow_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n in_o all_o other_o county_n all_o over_o england_n last_o that_o these_o gentleman_n be_v well_o skill_v in_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n which_o have_v be_v in_o vain_a if_o they_o have_v be_v alter_v as_o you_o suppose_v m._n i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o conqueror_n reign_n many_o englishman_n may_v have_v estate_n leave_v they_o which_o may_v not_o be_v take_v away_o till_o some_o year_n after_o and_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n place_n this_o trial_n between_o earl_n odo_n and_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n about_o the_o first_o year_n of_o k._n william_n and_o i_o suppose_v that_o it_o happen_v before_o the_o five_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n when_o matthew_n paris_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o earl_n eadwin_n morcar_n and_o siward_n together_o with_o egelwin_n bishop_n of_o durham_n as_o also_o many_o 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his_o janus_n aâ—glorum_fw-la p._n etc._n etc._n concern_v the_o restitution_n of_o the_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n of_o ely_n which_o be_v also_o transcribe_v and_o allow_v by_o your_o dr._n in_o his_o answer_n to_o it_o and_o i_o desire_v you_o particular_o to_o consider_v that_o write_v of_o k._n william_n direct_v to_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n roger_n e._n of_o morton_n and_o jeoffery_n bishop_n of_o constance_n command_v they_o to_o cause_n to_o be_v assemble_v all_o those_o shire_n who_o be_v present_a at_o the_o plea_n have_v concern_v the_o land_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ely_n before_o the_o queen_n go_v last_o into_o normandy_n the_o rest_n be_v most_o material_a to_o the_o cause_n in_o hand_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o latin_a cum_fw-la quibus_fw-la â—tiam_fw-la since_o the_o baronibus_fw-la mâ—is_fw-la qui_fw-la competenter_fw-la adesse_fw-la potâ—â—unt_fw-la &_o praedicto_fw-la placito_fw-la intersuerunt_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la terâ—â—s_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la tenent_fw-la quibus_fw-la in_o â—num_fw-la congragatis_fw-la eligantur_fw-la plures_fw-la de_fw-la illis_fw-la angliâ—_n quisciunt_fw-la quo_fw-la modo_fw-la terrae_fw-la jacebant_fw-la praefatae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la die_fw-la qua_fw-la rex_fw-la edwardus_fw-la obiit_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la inde_fw-la dixerint_fw-la ibidem_fw-la jurando_fw-la testentur_fw-la from_o whence_o we_o may_v also_o gather_v that_o this_o trial_n concern_v the_o land_n which_o be_v here_o order_v be_v to_o be_v in_o like_a maâ—ner_n and_o by_o a_o jury_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o englishman_n who_o try_v the_o cause_n between_o earl_n odâ—_n and_o arch_a bishop_n lanfranc_n that_o be_v they_o be_v english_a gentleman_n of_o sufficient_a estate_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la if_o you_o please_v now._n let_v we_o look_v into_o the_o time_n when_o this_o happen_v since_o the_o writ_n do_v not_o tell_v we_o when_o it_o be_v only_o that_o it_o refer_v to_o a_o plea_n hold_v concern_v the_o church_n of_o ely_n before_o the_o queen_n last_o go_v into_o normandy_n so_o that_o this_o trial_n here_o mention_v can_v not_o happen_v till_o after_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o k._n william_n reign_n which_o i_o prove_v thus_o this_o queen_n do_v not_o come_v over_o into_o england_n till_o the_o year_n 1068._o when_o the_o king_n return_v with_o his_o queen_n out_o of_o normandy_n after_o his_o coronation_n at_o which_o she_o be_v not_o present_a after_o which_o k._n william_n go_v not_o into_o normandy_n till_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n when_o he_o go_v over_o and_o take_v man_n and_o then_o whether_o he_o carry_v the_o queen_n with_o he_o be_v uncertain_a but_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n tell_v we_o he_o go_v over_o again_o the_o next_o year_n and_o then_o he_o may_v carry_v the_o queen_n with_o he_o which_o may_v be_v the_o first_o time_n she_o return_v into_o normandy_n but_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o same_o annal_n that_o the_o king_n go_v over_o the_o year_n 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tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o also_o those_o aid_n they_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n they_o hold_v of_o towards_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n be_v in_o use_n in_o england_n before_o the_o conqueror_n come_v over_o but_o to_o observe_v your_o command_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o show_v that_o by_o the_o conquest_n the_o english_a for_o a_o time_n lose_v all_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o privilege_n till_o they_o again_o obtain_v they_o either_o by_o their_o mix_n with_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o all_o distinction_n between_o they_o and_o the_o english_a be_v take_v away_o or_o else_o they_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o first_o k._n john_n and_o k._n henry_n the_o three_o i_o shall_v therefore_o divide_v the_o privilege_n of_o englishman_n into_o these_o three_o head_n first_o either_o such_o as_o concern_v their_o office_n or_o dignity_n or_o second_o such_o as_o concern_v their_o estate_n or_o last_o such_o as_o concern_v the_o trial_n for_o their_o life_n in_o every_o one_o of_o which_o if_o i_o can_v prove_v the_o english_a native_n as_o well_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n suffer_v confideracie_n lesses_z and_o abridgement_n of_o their_o ancient_a 〈…〉_z liberty_n which_o they_o former_o enjoy_v i_o think_v i_o shall_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o point_n in_o hand_n as_o to_o the_o first_o head_n ingâ—ph_n telâ—s_v we_o that_o the_o english_a be_v so_o hate_v by_o the_o norman_n in_o his_o time_n oxon._n that_o how_o well_o soever_o they_o deserve_v they_o be_v drive_v from_o their_o dignity_n and_o stranger_n though_o much_o less_o fit_a of_o any_o nation_n under_o heaven_n be_v take_v in_o their_o place_n 93._o and_o malmesbury_n who_o live_v and_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o say_v that_o england_n be_v then_o become_v the_o habitation_n of_o foreigner_n and_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o stranger_n and_o that_o there_o be_v at_o that_o day_n no_o englishman_n a_o earl_n bishop_n or_o abbot_n but_o that_o stranger_n devour_v the_o riches_n and_o gnaw_v the_o bowel_n of_o england_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o hope_n of_o end_v this_o misery_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o be_v now_o total_o deprive_v of_o all_o office_n and_o dignity_n in_o the_o common_a weal_n and_o consequent_o can_v have_v then_o no_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n the_o parliament_n of_o the_o nation_n both_o for_o the_o raise_n of_o tax_n and_o the_o make_n of_o law_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v mr._n petyt_n and_o yourself_o suppose_v you_o find_v a_o clause_n in_o the_o conqueror_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 36._o whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o this_o kingdom_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n well_o and_o in_o peace_n free_a from_o all_o unjust_a exaction_n and_o taillage_n so_o as_o nothing_o be_v exact_v or_o take_v unless_o their_o free-service_n which_o of_o right_n they_o ought_v and_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v to_o we_o and_o as_o it_o be_v appoint_v to_o they_o and_o give_v and_o grant_v to_o they_o by_o we_o as_o a_o perpetual_a right_n of_o inheritance_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o common_a council_n will_v not_o help_v you_o for_o without_o doubt_n here_o be_v no_o englishman_n in_o it_o for_o certain_o they_o will_v not_o grant_v away_o their_o own_o land_n to_o stranger_n these_o be_v the_o saxon_a land_n which_o william_n have_v give_v in_o fee_n to_o his_o soldier_n to_o hold_v they_o under_o such_o service_n as_o he_o have_v appoint_v they_o and_o that_o by_o right_a of_o succession_n or_o inheritance_n we_o will_v now_o come_v to_o the_o second_o point_n viz._n the_o privilege_n the_o englishman_n lose_v as_o to_o their_o estate_n for_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n you_o affirm_v the_o k._n can_v nor_o make_v law_n nor_o raise_v tax_n without_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v certain_a k._n william_n and_o his_o immediate_a successor_n do_v by_o their_o sole_a authority_n exercise_v both_o these_o prerogative_n as_o for_o his_o legislative_a power_n it_o appear_v from_o the_o word_n of_o his_o coronation_n oath_n as_o you_o yourself_o have_v repeat_v it_o out_o of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o roger_n hoveden_n the_o conclusion_n of_o which_o oath_n be_v se_fw-la velle_fw-la reâ—â—am_fw-la legem_fw-la statuere_fw-la &_o tenere_fw-la rapinas_fw-la injustaque_fw-la judicia_fw-la penitus_fw-la interdicire_fw-la now_o the_o legislative_a power_n be_v then_o lodge_v in_o he_o why_o else_o do_v he_o swear_v to_o appoint_v right_a law_n for_o if_o the_o constitution_n have_v be_v settle_v as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a the_o parliament_n can_v have_v hinder_v he_o from_o make_v any_o other_o and_o that_o he_o can_v do_v so_o appear_v by_o that_o yoke_n of_o servitude_n 7._o which_o matthew_n paris_n as_o well_o as_o other_o author_n tell_v we_o k._n william_n by_o his_o own_o authority_n impose_v upon_o the_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n in_o england_n which_o hold_v barony_n which_o they_o have_v hitherto_o enjoy_v free_a from_o all_o secular_a servitude_n he_o now_o say_v he_o put_v under_o military_a service_n sess_v all_o those_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n how_o many_o knight_n or_o soldier_n each_o of_o they_o shall_v find_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n and_o put_v the_o roll_n of_o this_o ecclesiastical_a service_n in_o his_o treasury_n he_o cause_v to_o fly_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n many_o ecclesiastic_n who_o oppose_v this_o wicked_a constitution_n now_o if_o he_o can_v do_v this_o upon_o so_o powerful_a a_o body_n as_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v at_o this_o time_n he_o may_v certain_o as_o well_o raise_v what_o tax_n he_o please_v upon_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n tell_v we_o that_o k._n william_n upon_o his_o return_n out_o of_o normandy_n into_o england_n anglis_fw-la importabile_fw-la tributum_fw-la imposuit_fw-la lib._n 3._o p._n 278._o and_o that_o his_o son_n william_n rufus_n impose_v what_o tax_n he_o will_v upon_o the_o people_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o parliament_n appear_v by_o that_o passage_n of_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n which_o he_o relate_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o k._n as_o also_o in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la pontificâ—m_fw-la concern_v ranulâ—_n who_o from_o a_o very_a mean_a clerk_n he_o make_v bishop_n of_o duâ—ham_n and_o lord_n treasurer_n the_o rest_n i_o will_v give_v you_o in_o latin_a isle_n siquando_fw-la edictum_fw-la regium_fw-la processisset_fw-la ut_fw-la nominatum_fw-la tributum_fw-la anglia_fw-it penderet_fw-la duplum_fw-la adjiciâ—bat_fw-la subinde_fw-la idente_fw-la rege_fw-la ac_fw-la dicente_fw-la solum_fw-la esse_fw-la hominem_fw-la qui_fw-la sciret_fw-la sic_fw-la agitare_fw-la ingenium_fw-la nec_fw-la aliorum_fw-la curares_fw-la odium_fw-la dummodo_fw-la complaceret_fw-la dominum_fw-la so_o that_o you_o may_v here_o see_v that_o the_o king_n edict_n or_o proclamation_n do_v not_o only_o impose_v the_o tax_n at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o his_o treasurer_n can_v double_v it_o when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o without_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o and_o this_o prerogative_n be_v exercise_v by_o divers_a of_o his_o successor_n till_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagiâ—_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la be_v make_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o last_o head_n concern_v the_o alteration_n of_o trial_n for_o man_n life_n and_o estate_n by_o the_o conqueror_n from_o what_o they_o be_v before_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n there_o be_v no_o other_o trial_n for_o man_n life_n but_o by_o juries_n or_o else_o by_o fire_n or_o water_n ordeal_o which_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o dane_n the_o conqueror_n though_o he_o do_v not_o take_v way_n these_o yet_o also_o add_v the_o law_n then_o in_o use_n in_o normandy_n of_o try_v not_o only_o criminal_a but_o civil_a cause_n by_o duel_n or_o combat_n all_o the_o difference_n be_v that_o in_o criminal_a case_n where_o there_o be_v no_o other_o proof_n the_o accuser_n and_o accuse_v fight_v with_o their_o sword_n and_o the_o party_n vanquish_v be_v to_o lose_v his_o eye_n and_o stone_n but_o in_o civil_a cause_n they_o only_o fight_v with_o basâ—oons_n head_v with_o horn_n and_o buckler_n and_o he_o or_o his_o champion_n who_o be_v overcome_v lose_v the_o land_n that_o be_v contend_v for_o from_o whence_o you_o may_v take_v notice_n also_o of_o a_o great_a alteration_n in_o the_o law_n not_o only_o concern_v trial_n but_o capital_a punishment_n so_o that_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n all_o crime_n even_o man_n slaughter_n itself_o be_v either_o â—ineable_a according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n and_o the_o rate_n set_v upon_o
each_o man_n pepzylo_n or_o price_n of_o his_o head_n as_o you_o will_v find_v they_o set_v by_o the_o law_n of_o k._n athâ—lstan_n i_o shall_v not_o insist_v much_o upon_o divers_a lesser_a thing_n which_o k._n william_n as_o a_o conqueror_n impose_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o england_n as_o disarm_v they_o of_o all_o offensive_a weapon_n forbid_v they_o to_o hunt_n or_o kill_v any_o deer_n in_o his_o chase_n or_o forest_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o loss_n of_o eye_n and_o member_n as_o also_o keep_v up_o and_o reinforcing_a the_o ancient_a law_n of_o decenaries_n or_o tything_n whereby_o every_o ten_o family_n be_v bind_v with_o their_o ten_o man_n or_o tthe_a man_n body_n for_o body_n of_o each_o other_o good_a abearance_n as_o also_o that_o law_n forbid_v all_o sit_v up_o late_o at_o night_n or_o assembly_n after_o eight_o of_o the_o clock_n but_o that_o every_o one_o shall_v go_v to_o bed_n and_o put_v out_o both_o fire_n and_o candle_n at_o the_o ring_n of_o the_o coverteâ—_n bell_n these_o thing_n i_o think_v be_v very_o sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o k._n william_n as_o a_o conqueror_n do_v very_o much_o abridge_v and_o in_o some_o thing_n whole_o take_v away_o the_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o lâ—giâ—sh_a nobility_n clergy_n and_o commons_o and_o do_v also_o make_v many_o and_o great_a alteration_n not_o only_o in_o the_o form_n of_o plead_n but_o also_o in_o the_o very_a 〈◊〉_d of_o our_o law_n both_o criminal_a and_o civil_a and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o make_v more_o â—â—â—erations_n of_o thâ—_n kind_n it_o be_v whole_o owe_v to_o his_o free_a will_n and_o pleasure_n since_o aâ—_n eâ—dmerus_n tell_v we_o he_o order_v all_o divine_a and_o secular_a thing_n accord_v to_o his_o pleasure_n f._n that_o i_o may_v the_o better_a answer_n what_o you_o have_v say_v i_o shall_v partly_o grant_v and_o partly_o deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v allege_v and_o also_o further_o prove_v that_o if_o they_o have_v be_v all_o as_o you_o have_v lay_v they_o yet_o will_v they_o not_o prove_v your_o conclusion_n that_o k._n william_n by_o his_o own_o arbitrary_a and_o tyrannical_a action_n can_v create_v any_o right_n by_o conquest_n either_o to_o he_o or_o to_o his_o successor_n and_o therefore_o to_o begin_v with_o your_o first_o head_n viz._n the_o privilege_n of_o the_o english_a nobility_n as_o to_o office_n and_o dignity_n though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v true_a as_o the_o author_n you_o have_v cite_v relate_v that_o sâ—arce_o any_o englishman_n be_v when_o they_o write_v either_o a_o bishop_n earl_n or_o abbot_n yet_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o the_o latter_a end_n and_o not_o the_o beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o as_o to_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n i_o do_v not_o read_v of_o any_o more_o than_o stigand_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o egelric_n bishop_n of_o durham_n who_o be_v deprive_v of_o their_o bishopric_n have_v successor_n put_v in_o their_o room_n in_o their_o life_n time_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o place_n of_o this_o last_o not_o any_o norman_a but_o one_o walcher_n a_o english_a man_n be_v name_v by_o the_o k._n to_o succeed_v and_o as_o for_o the_o earl_n of_o all_o those_o who_o have_v be_v against_o he_o and_o oppose_v his_o come_n in_o there_o be_v not_o one_o but_o he_o receive_v they_o into_o savour_n and_o continue_v in_o his_o dignity_n and_o estate_n as_o in_o particular_a the_o earl_n eadwin_n and_o morchar_n brother_n together_o with_o waltheof_n and_o siward_n and_o edgar_z aâ—â—eling_n who_o they_o have_v name_v k._n of_o england_n all_o who_o keep_v their_o earldom_n and_o estate_n till_o terrify_v by_o the_o king_n severe_a and_o tyrannical_a proceed_n the_o three_o first_o of_o these_o â—led_v away_o as_o you_o have_v already_o show_v though_o i_o confess_v prince_n edgar_n have_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n before_o this_o flee_v into_o scotland_n but_o yet_o be_v afterward_o restore_v to_o the_o king_n favour_n and_o his_o estate_n nor_o do_v i_o find_v any_o considerable_a alteration_n in_o the_o king_n manner_n of_o dispose_n of_o his_o honour_n or_o preferment_n either_o ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a till_o earl_n waltheo_n be_v convict_v of_o be_v in_o the_o plot_n with_o ralph_n de_fw-fr waher_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n and_o other_o lord_n as_o well_o english_a as_o norman_n to_o expel_v k._n william_n and_o from_o that_o time_n be_v the_o eight_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n i_o grant_v he_o change_v his_o whole_a course_n of_o government_n and_o put_v no_o more_o englishman_n into_o any_o place_n of_o honour_n or_o profit_n though_o w._n malmesbury_n endeavour_v to_o excuse_v the_o king_n severity_n in_o these_o word_n ind_n prâ—positum_fw-la regis_fw-la fortassis_fw-la meritò_fw-la excusatur_fw-la siâ—aliquando_fw-la durior_fw-la in_o anglos_n â—uâ—rit_n quod_fw-la penâ—_n nullum_fw-la eorum_fw-la fidelem_fw-la invenerit_fw-la though_o with_o this_o author_n good_a leave_n the_o k._n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o conspiracy_n by_o his_o own_o tyranny_n and_o breach_n of_o oath_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o so_o that_o either_o this_o k._n be_v move_v by_o just_a provocation_n thus_o to_o debar_v all_o englishman_n from_o be_v prefer_v to_o dignity_n or_o office_n or_o he_o be_v not_o if_o the_o former_a and_o that_o he_o have_v just_a cause_n so_o to_o do_v it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o any_o other_o foreign_a prince_n who_o have_v no_o hereditary_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n will_v have_v do_v in_o the_o like_a case_n but_o if_o the_o latter_a it_o be_v not_o only_o contrary_a to_o justice_n but_o also_o to_o his_o own_o coronation_n oath_n one_o clause_n of_o which_o as_o malmesbury_n show_v we_o in_o his_o de_fw-la gestis_fw-la 271._o pontificum_fw-la be_v quod_fw-la se_fw-la modeste_fw-la erga_fw-la subditos_fw-la ageret_fw-la &_o aequo_fw-la jure_fw-la anglos_n &_o francos_fw-la tractaret_fw-la so_o that_o this_o king_n arbitrary_a and_o violent_a proceed_n after_o he_o have_v â—or_a some_o time_n govern_v as_o a_o lawful_a king_n though_o they_o may_v prove_v he_o a_o tyrant_n yet_o they_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n make_v he_o a_o conqueror_n and_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o your_o argument_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o in_o his_o reign_n there_o be_v no_o englishman_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o can_v only_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o strict_a sense_n of_o the_o time_n after_o the_o great_a conspiracy_n i_o have_v now_o mention_v for_o before_o it_o be_v very_o evident_a that_o there_o be_v many_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n still_o leave_v who_o must_v have_v be_v member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n nor_o can_v you_o prove_v that_o the_o law_n i_o have_v mention_v against_o the_o king_n take_v the_o taillage_n or_o tax_n without_o their_o consent_n be_v make_v after_o that_o time_n but_o let_v it_o be_v make_v when_o it_o will_v you_o shall_v never_o persuade_v i_o it_o be_v enact_v without_o any_o englishmen_n being_n present_a till_o yâ—u_n can_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o there_o be_v no_o english_a tenant_n in_o câ—pite_fw-la towards_o the_o end_n of_o 〈◊〉_d reign_n and_o that_o there_o be_v then_o no_o knight_n citizen_n or_o burgess_n that_o represent_v the_o commons_o in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o can_v give_v a_o better_a answer_n to_o those_o argument_n i_o have_v give_v you_o to_o prove_v they_o be_v there_o especial_o that_o remarkable_a clause_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o king_n charter_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n which_o mention_n divers_a principal_a person_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n to_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o that_o famous_a synod_n or_o great_a council_n when_o this_o charter_n be_v grant_v i_o come_v now_o to_o your_o next_o head_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v this_o king_n abridgement_n of_o english_a privilege_n as_o to_o their_o estate_n and_o property_n to_o begin_v with_o that_o of_o the_o legislative_a power_n which_o as_o you_o say_v be_v then_o whole_o in_o the_o king_n admit_v it_o be_v so_o it_o will_v not_o prove_v that_o for_o which_o you_o urge_v it_o viz._n that_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o the_o king_n absolute_a conquest_n over_o the_o english_a for_o if_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v then_o lose_v its_o ancient_a right_n it_o be_v only_o his_o norman_n and_o frenchman_n as_o well_o as_o the_o english_a that_o he_o bereave_v of_o their_o ancient_a privilege_n of_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o law_n since_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a that_o neither_o the_o k._n of_o france_n nor_o the_o d._n of_o normandy_n can_v at_o that_o time_n make_v any_o law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o estate_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o your_o conqueror_n can_v not_o do_v it_o neither_o for_o if_o the_o norman_n
paul_n successor_n to_o frederick_n hic_fw-la primus_fw-la abbas_n huius_fw-la ecclesiâ—â—suti_fw-la postquam_fw-la anglia_fw-it normannis_fw-la penitus_fw-la fuit_fw-la sâ—bjugata_fw-la f._n i_o will_v not_o deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n in_o great_a part_n to_o be_v as_o you_o say_v but_o whether_o the_o english_a be_v to_o blame_v to_o make_v these_o insuâ—rections_n or_o whether_o they_o be_v provoke_v to_o it_o by_o the_o king_n unreasonable_a severity_n i_o have_v not_o now_o time_n to_o dispute_v if_o it_o be_v their_o fault_n he_o have_v no_o doubt_n very_o good_a cause_n to_o do_v as_o he_o do_v and_o to_o punish_v such_o as_o be_v guilty_a but_o it_o be_v altogether_o unjust_a and_o tyrannical_a to_o punish_v the_o innocent_a with_o the_o guilty_a nor_o can_v he_o have_v any_o right_a to_o do_v it_o as_o a_o conqueror_n since_o by_o take_v his_o coronation_n oath_n to_o deal_v merciful_o with_o his_o subject_n and_o to_o treat_v both_o english_a and_o french_a with_o equal_a right_n he_o have_v renounce_v that_o title_n and_o that_o he_o look_v upon_o himself_o as_o a_o tyrant_n if_o he_o have_v govern_v without_o be_v crown_v or_o take_v the_o same_o oath_n as_o his_o predecessor_n i_o shall_v prove_v to_o you_o from_o abbot_n broâ—ton's_n chronicle_n the_o author_n of_o which_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o k_o richard_n i._n who_o have_v col_n 962._o these_o word_n cumque_fw-la willelmus_fw-la dux_n normannorum_fw-la conquestor_fw-la angliae_fw-la tyranni_fw-la nomen_fw-la exhorresceâ—et_fw-la &_o nomen_fw-la legitimi_fw-la principis_fw-la endure_v vellet_fw-la a_o stigando_n cant._n archiepiscopo_fw-la in_o regâ—ia_fw-la petiit_fw-la consecrari_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o but_o your_o reply_n that_o he_o do_v not_o show_v himself_o a_o perfect_a conqueror_n till_o he_o wâ—n_v thorough_o settle_v be_v very_o pleasant_a as_o if_o be_v solemn_o crown_v and_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o govern_v just_o and_o according_a to_o law_n and_o after_o four_o year_n quiet_a possession_n and_o a_o voluntary_a confirmation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o his_o predecessor_n be_v not_o sufficient_a sign_n of_o his_o peaceable_a settlement_n upon_o the_o throne_n unless_o you_o will_v have_v a_o king_n to_o be_v never_o settle_v until_o he_o have_v by_o the_o force_n of_o a_o stand_a army_n get_v sufficient_a power_n to_o do_v all_o he_o design_n that_o be_v to_o take_v away_o his_o subject_n liberty_n and_o estate_n at_o his_o pleasure_n contrary_a to_o his_o own_o oath_n and_o the_o law_n he_o have_v make_v if_o those_o be_v sign_n of_o a_o thorough_a settlement_n pray_v consider_v whether_o the_o king_n that_o be_v go_v away_o be_v ever_o thorough_o settle_v at_o this_o rate_n though_o i_o confess_v he_o be_v in_o a_o very_a fair_a way_n to_o give_v we_o such_o a_o thorough_a settlement_n but_o since_o you_o date_n this_o thorough_a settlement_n from_o that_o great_a transaction_n of_o abbot_n frederick_n i_o be_o not_o afraid_a to_o appeal_v to_o mat._n paris_n abbatu_n from_o who_o you_o have_v borrow_v this_o relation_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o thus_o that_o after_o lanfranc_n be_v make_v archbishop_n the_o k._n be_v now_o strengthen_v with_o both_o sword_n begin_v more_o severe_o and_o manifest_o to_o oppress_v the_o english_a who_o see_v it_o near_o concern_v their_o very_a life_n call_v a_o great_a many_o together_o they_o make_v edgar_n atheling_n their_o leader_n in_o who_o the_o english_a place_v all_o their_o hope_n but_o among_o all_o the_o english_a frederick_n abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n be_v the_o chief_a promoter_n thereof_o be_v a_o generous_a man_n and_o to_o be_v sear_v for_o his_o riches_n and_o power_n therefore_o the_o k._n begin_v to_o be_v vehement_o afraid_a leave_v he_o shall_v lose_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n which_o he_o have_v gain_v by_o so_o much_o effusion_n of_o blood_n and_o also_o hazard_v of_o his_o life_n and_o therefore_o be_v lucky_o teach_v by_o the_o archbishop_n prudence_n he_o begin_v to_o 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void_a against_o king_n henry_n the_o 6_o the_o and_o his_o son_n prince_n edward_n see_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o first_o of_o henry_n the_o 7_o the_o not_o print_v which_o because_o it_o be_v not_o common_o know_v sexti_fw-la i_o will_v read_v it_o almost_o verbatim_o the_o king_n our_o sovereign_n remember_v how_o against_o all_o rightwiseness_n honour_n nature_n and_o duty_n a_o inordinate_a seditious_a and_o slanderous_a act_n be_v make_v against_o the_o most_o famous_a prince_n of_o bless_a memory_n king_n henry_n the_o six_o his_o uncle_n at_o the_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminstey_n the_o four_o day_n of_o november_n the_o first_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o 4_o the_o late_o king_n of_o england_n whereby_o his_o say_a uncle_n contrary_a to_o the_o due_a allegiance_n and_o all_o due_a order_n be_v attaint_v of_o high_a treason_n wherefore_o our_o same_o sovereign_a lord_n by_o the_o advice_n and_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o ordain_v enact_v and_o establish_v that_o the_o same_o act_n and_o all_o act_n of_o attainder_n forfailure_n or_o disablement_n make_v or_o have_v in_o the_o say_a parliament_n or_o else_o in_o any_o other_o parliament_n of_o the_o say_v late_a king_n edward_n against_o the_o say_v most_o bless_a prince_n king_n henry_n or_o against_o the_o right_n famous_a princess_n margaret_n late_a queen_n of_o england_n his_o wife_n or_o the_o right_n victorious_a prince_n edward_n late_a prince_n of_o wales_n son_n of_o the_o same_o bless_a prince_n k._n henry_n and_o margaret_n etc._n etc._n be_v void_a annul_v and_o repeal_v and_o of_o no_o force_n nor_o effect_n so_o that_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o act_n the_o title_n of_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n be_v again_o declare_v to_o be_v good_a but_o to_o conclude_v i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o one_o mistake_v you_o have_v fall_v into_o by_o say_v that_o all_o proceed_n against_o king_n richard_n the_o 2_o d._n be_v repeal_v by_o that_o parliament_n of_o the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o 4_o the_o which_o be_v not_o so_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o deal_n of_o henry_n earl_n of_o derby_n as_o he_o be_v there_o call_v in_o imprison_v the_o say_a king_n and_o usurp_a the_o royal_a power_n be_v there_o express_o condemn_v and_o his_o murder_v of_o he_o say_v to_o be_v against_o god_n law_n and_o his_o own_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n as_o certain_o it_o be_v yet_o the_o deposition_n of_o the_o say_a king_n richard_n by_o parliament_n be_v no_o way_n repeal_v by_o this_o act_n for_o then_o all_o the_o record_n thereof_o will_v have_v be_v quite_o cancel_v and_o take_v off_o the_o roll_n whereas_o they_o still_o remain_v to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n and_o you_o see_v by_o this_o act_n i_o now_o recite_v that_o the_o attainder_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 6_o the_o be_v declare_v contrary_a to_o due_a allegiance_n and_o all_o due_a order_n and_o all_o forfeiture_n and_o disablement_n of_o the_o say_a king_n and_o prince_n be_v quite_o annul_v and_o make_v void_a m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v so_o stagger_v i_o with_o this_o act_n that_o i_o know_v not_o what_o to_o say_v to_o it_o but_o that_o it_o be_v make_v in_o the_o first_o parliament_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 7_o the_o and_o before_o he_o have_v marry_v the_o princess_n elizabeth_n and_o consequent_o have_v no_o good_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n himself_o therefore_o till_o then_o i_o look_v upon_o he_o as_o a_o usurper_n but_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o shâ—w_v you_o that_o that_o very_a king_n nay_o even_o richard_n the_o 3_o d._n himself_o chief_o rely_v not_o upon_o any_o parliamentary_a election_n but_o upon_o their_o own_o pretend_a title_n of_o be_v right_a heir_n by_o blood_n for_o after_o the_o death_n of_o edward_n the_o 4_o the_o his_o son_n edward_n the_o 5_o the_o be_v proclaim_v king_n and_o may_v have_v quiet_o enjoy_v it_o if_o his_o ambitious_a uncle_n richard_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n have_v not_o plot_v to_o defeat_v he_o of_o it_o and_o know_v very_o well_o that_o he_o have_v no_o way_n to_o bring_v it_o about_o but_o by_o incite_v a_o corrupt_a party_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n chronicle_n together_o with_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n and_o some_o of_o his_o party_n in_o the_o city_n to_o set_v forth_o by_o way_n of_o petition_n to_o the_o duke_n than_o protector_n of_o the_o king_n and_o realm_n that_o all_o the_o child_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o 4_o the_o be_v bastard_n suppose_v that_o king_n to_o have_v be_v contract_v with_o a_o certain_a woman_n call_v eleanor_n boteler_n before_o he_o marry_a queen_n elizabeth_n moreover_o that_o the_o blood_n of_o his_o elder_a brother_n george_n duke_n of_o clarence_n decease_v be_v attaint_v so_o that_o none_o of_o the_o lineal_a blood_n of_o richard_n duke_n of_o york_n can_v be_v find_v uncorrupted_a but_o in_o himself_o and_o there_o be_v at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o that_o roll_n a_o address_n to_o he_o from_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o he_o will_v take_v the_o government_n upon_o himself_o this_o fine_a artifice_n assist_v on_o one_o side_n with_o his_o feign_a excuse_n which_o induce_v the_o less_o think_v sort_n of_o people_n to_o believe_v he_o desire_v not_o the_o royalty_n and_o prompt_v on_o the_o other_o side_n with_o the_o fear_n of_o his_o power_n procure_v his_o accession_n to_o the_o throne_n so_o that_o at_o last_o he_o and_o his_o wife_n anne_n be_v solemn_o crown_v king_n and_o queen_n at_o westminster_n and_o by_o these_o step_n do_v that_o inhuman_a prince_n who_o have_v no_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n either_o by_o descent_n or_o by_o merit_n ascend_v the_o english_a throne_n see_v you_o that_o not_o by_o election_n but_o by_o pretence_n of_o blood_n and_o by_o bastardise_v and_o attaint_v his_o nephew_n he_o set_v himself_o up_o for_o the_o only_a true_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o parliament_n he_o call_v immediate_o after_o his_o coronation_n when_o they_o have_v declare_v almost_o the_o very_a same_o thing_n as_o be_v before_o in_o the_o say_a petition_n iii_o they_o proceed_v further_o to_o declare_v that_o the_o right_n title_n and_o estate_n which_o king_n richard_n the_o iii_o d_o have_v to_o and_o in_o the_o crown_n and_o royal_a dignity_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n with_o all_o thing_n thereunto_o within_o the_o say_a realm_n and_o without_o it_o annex_v and_o appertain_v be_v just_a and_o lawful_a as_o ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n and_o also_o upon_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o laudable_a custom_n of_o this_o say_a realm_n as_o also_o take_v and_o repute_v by_o all_o such_o person_n as_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o abovesaid_a law_n and_o custom_n and_o proceed_v far_a thus_o therefore_o at_o the_o request_n and_o by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n of_o this_o realm_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o commons_o of_o this_o land_n assemble_v in_o this_o present_a parliament_n and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o it_o be_v pronounce_v decree_v and_o declare_v that_o our_o say_a sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n be_v and_o be_v the_o very_a undoubted_a king_n of_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n with_o all_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v within_o the_o say_a realm_n and_o without_o it_o unite_z annex_v and_o appertain_v as_o well_o by_o right_a of_o consanguinity_n and_o inheritance_n as_o by_o lawful_a election_n consecration_n and_o coronation_n so_o that_o you_o see_v though_o they_o put_v in_o his_o election_n as_o also_o his_o coronation_n as_o mean_n of_o obtain_v the_o
p._n 539.540_o king_n how_o far_o god_n lieutenant_n d._n 9_o p._n 663._o w._n his_o authority_n be_v different_a from_o his_o personal_a will_n and_o command_n ib._n p._n 645._o to_o 648._o his_o person_n how_o far_o sacred_a and_o inviolable_a ibid._n p._n 638.651_o to_o 657._o king_n commission_n how_o far_o and_o in_o what_o case_n resistible_a notwithstanding_o the_o declaration_n of_o of_o the_o two_o first_o parliament_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o ib._n p._n 636._o to_o 655._o w._n he_o have_v any_o authority_n to_o act_v against_o law_n ib._n p._n 644_o to_o 649._o king_n commission_n how_o far_o good_a in_o law_n ib._n p._n 640._o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n w._n endue_v with_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n d._n 5._o p._n 338_o to_o 345._o d._n 9_o p._n 650_o 651._o have_v no_o peer_n or_o equal_a in_o the_o kingdom_n d._n 5._o p._n 354._o his_o presence_n w._n it_o will_v authorise_v all_o illegal_a action_n so_o as_o to_o render_v they_o irresistible_a d._n 9_o p._n 653_o 654._o his_o officer_n in_o what_o case_n resistible_a ib._n the_o king_n be_v irresistible_a how_o far_o different_a from_o be_v unaccountable_a d._n 9_o p._n 644_o 645._o king_n of_o england_n w._n absolute_a and_o unaccountable_a or_o w._n limit_v by_o law_n d._n 10._o p._n 693_o to_o 698._o most_o high_a in_o their_o state-royal_a when_o they_o appear_v in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n d._n 9_o p._n 643._o the_o first_o eight_o king_n after_o the_o conquest_n never_o be_v so_o style_v till_o after_o their_o coronation_n d._n 12._o p._n 840._o to_o 858.895_o king_n though_o he_o have_v no_o peer_n yet_o he_o have_v ancient_o comites_fw-la or_o companion_n d._n 5._o p._n 364_o 365._o w._n he_o can_v at_o this_o day_n abdicate_v or_o forfeit_v his_o crown_n by_o the_o wilful_a violation_n of_o our_o fundamental_a law_n d._n 10._o p._n 694_o to_o 709._o d._n 11._o p._n 832_o 833._o kingly_a power_n the_o end_n of_o its_o institution_n in_o this_o kingdom_n d._n 5._o p._n 349._o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la or_o for_o the_o time_n be_v w._n within_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o whether_o allegiance_n be_v due_a to_o he_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o eleven_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o d._n 13._o p._n 905._o to_o 940._o what_o constitute_v a_o legal_a king_n in_o england_n d._n 12._o p._n 889_o 890._o kingdom_n of_o judah_n and_o israel_n w._n when_o give_v by_o god_n appointment_n it_o give_v the_o issue_n of_o that_o king_n a_o like_a divine_a right_o to_o succeed_v d._n 2._o p._n 99_o 100_o kingdom_n patrimonial_a and_o hereditary_a their_o difference_n ib._n 84_o 85._o knight_n of_o shire_n frequent_o style_v magnate_v and_o grantz_n in_o ancient_a record_n d._n 6._o p._n 424._o vid._n append._n w._n they_o be_v ancient_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o none_o other_o p._n 425._o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n w._n the_o first_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o they_o that_o can_v be_v find_v be_v the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 7._o p._n 519._o w._n this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o they_o be_v summon_v ibid._n p._n 525_o to_o 530._o w._n they_o be_v summon_v no_o more_o till_o the_o eighteen_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o ibid._n p._n 522._o to_o the_o end_n d._n 8._o p._n 559._o to_o 563._o p._n 571_o to_o 576._o l_o lancaster_n w._n that_o family_n pretend_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n claim_v by_o inheritance_n d._n 12._o p._n 861_o 862._o law_n how_o far_o they_o oblige_v prince_n according_a to_o sir_n r._n f_n principle_n d._n 2._o p._n 120_o 121._o law_n imperial_a of_o all_o goâ—vernments_n w._n they_o require_v a_o passive_a obedience_n or_o nonresistance_n in_o all_o case_n whatsoever_o d._n 3._o p._n 149.154_o law_n of_o nation_n w._n it_o differ_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n d._n 1._o p._n 26_o to_o 31._o law_n of_o english_a saxon_a council_n the_o title_n to_o most_o of_o they_o d._n 5._o p._n 314._o to_o 319._o law_n of_o normandy_n w._n the_o same_o in_o most_o thing_n with_o those_o of_o england_n d._n 10._o p._n 752.753_o law_n fundamental_a of_o the_o kingdom_n w._n there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n and_o where_o to_o be_v find_v d._n 9_o p._n 666._o to_o 669._o d._n 10._o p._n 704._o d._n 11._o p._n 810._o to_o 814._o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n concern_v the_o king_n cease_v to_o be_v so_o if_o he_o prove_v a_o tyrant_n and_o w._n it_o be_v genuine_a or_o not_o d._n 10._o p._n 705._o to_o 712._o private_a league_n with_o france_n what_o reason_n there_o be_v for_o and_o against_o its_o reality_n d._n 11._o p._n 800._o to_o 802._o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la and_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la mention_v in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n who_o they_o be_v ancient_o d._n 6._o p._n 419.426_o to_o 431._o w._n they_o be_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o choose_v by_o military_a service_n to_o they_o d._n 7._o p._n 449._o to_o 453.514_o m_o magna_n charta_n w._n obtain_v by_o rebellion_n d._n 3._o p._n 186._o magnates_n w._n the_o commons_o be_v not_o sometime_o comprehend_v under_o that_o title_n d._n 6._o p._n 372.396_o 397._o queen_n marry_o w._n she_o have_v any_o title_n save_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o d._n 12._o p._n 872._o our_o present_a queen_n mary_n w._n she_o have_v a_o right_a to_o succeed_v upon_o her_o father_n abdication_n ib._n p._n 853._o 884._o maud_n the_o empress_n why_o she_o never_o style_v herself_o queen_n of_o england_n notwithstanding_o fealty_n have_v be_v swear_v to_o she_o d._n 12._o p._n 846._o several_a maxim_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n consider_v and_o explain_v d._n 1._o p._n 17_o 18_o 21.30_o the_o ancient_a member_n of_o the_o german_a diet_n or_o great_a council_n d._n 6._o p._n 375._o the_o milites_fw-la mention_v in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n who_o they_o be_v d._n 6._o p._n 431_o 432._o w._n they_o be_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o any_o other_o tenant_n by_o military_a or_o socage_n service_n d._n 7._o p._n 481.489_o 490._o mischief_n that_o may_v befall_v a_o people_n from_o their_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n consider_v d._n 3._o p._n 184._o to_o 189._o monarchy_n w._n of_o divine_a right_n from_o any_o precept_n or_o example_n in_o the_o old_a or_o new_a testament_n d._n 2._o p._n 130_o 131._o or_o from_o adam_n patriarchical_a power_n d._n 1._o p._n 19_o to_o 26._o monarchy_n or_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v most_o tyrannical_a d._n 2._o p._n 110.111_o mix_v monarchy_n w._n it_o be_v a_o contradiction_n d._n 5._o p._n 345._o to_o 348._o sim._n montfort_n w._n he_o first_o call_v the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n in_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 8._o p._n 596.597_o moses_n and_o joshua_n w._n monarch_n over_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n and_o successor_n to_o the_o patriarchical_a power_n d._n 2._o p._n 92._o to_o 100_o multitudo_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n the_o signification_n of_o those_o word_n in_o our_o ancient_a history_n d._n 8._o p._n 569._o to_o 571._o n_o w._n a_o whole_a nation_n may_v resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o some_o case_n of_o extremity_n but_o not_o particular_a person_n d._n 3._o p._n 146._o to_o 150.161_o 162._o d._n 4._o p._n 236._o to_o 239.272_o to_o 275._o negative_a voice_n w._n the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n have_v it_o not_o in_o some_o case_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n d._n 5._o p._n 341._o noah_n w._n he_o be_v sole_a proprietor_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o be_v tenant_n in_o common_a with_o his_o own_o child_n d._n 1._o p._n 74_o 75._o w._n his_o grandson_n be_v all_o alike_a prince_n over_o their_o several_a family_n ib._n p._n 75._o to_o 81._o w._n from_o noah_n seven_o precept_n may_v be_v deduce_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n d._n 1._o p._n 36_o 37._o nobilis_fw-la &_o nobilitas_fw-la the_o several_a signification_n of_o those_o title_n d._n 6._o p._n 374_o 388.410_o w._n mere_a commoner_n be_v not_o often_o comprehend_v under_o the_o title_n of_o nobiles_fw-la ib._n 396_o 397._o non_fw-la obstantes_fw-la the_o clause_n when_o first_o insert_v in_o our_o king_n charter_n d._n 11._o p._n 820._o non_fw-fr resistance_n w._n the_o doctrine_n tend_v to_o make_v prince_n better_o or_o else_o more_o tyrannical_a to_o their_o subject_n d._n 2._o p._n 116_o 117._o normandy_n w._n its_o duke_n be_v absolute_a or_o limit_v prince_n d._n 10._o p._n 727._o o_o oath_n of_o the_o king_n at_o his_o coronation_n how_o far_o oblige_v according_a to_o sir_n f_n principle_n d._n 2._o p._n 122.123_o it_o be_v ancient_a form_n according_a to_o the_o mirour_n d._n 5.364_o w._n the_o take_v the_o coronation_n oath_n render_v the_o crown_n forfeitable_a if_o it_o
latin_a translation_n of_o the_o old_a coronation-oath_n d._n 8._o p._n 560._o to_o 563._o w_n wales_n w._n it_o be_v titular_a prince_n be_v real_o son_n to_o king_n james_n the_o second_o and_o queen_n marry_o d._n 11._o p._n 784_o to_o 789._o w._n he_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v receive_v as_o the_o true_a son_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o say_a king_n d._n 12._o p._n 875._o to_o 877._o and_o that_o let_v the_o consequence_n be_v what_o they_o will_v ib._n p._n 879._o to_o 881._o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n w._n whole_o derive_v from_o the_o norman_n d._n 10._o p._n 750.751_o its_o advantage_n and_o inconvenience_n consider_v ib._n a_o wife_n w._n she_o can_v ever_o be_v discharge_v from_o the_o power_n her_o husband_n have_v over_o she_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n by_o any_o mean_n but_o by_o his_o express_a consent_n d._n 1._o p._n 43._o king_n william_n the_o first_o why_o style_v the_o conqueror_n d._n 5._o p._n 325._o w._n he_o claim_v to_o be_v king_n of_o england_n by_o donation_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n or_o by_o conquest_n d._n 10._o p._n 715.718_o 719._o w._n he_o be_v ever_o elect_v and_o take_v the_o same_o coronation-oath_n as_o the_o english_a saxon_a king_n have_v do_v before_o d._n 10._o p._n 716.722_o to_o 737._o w._n he_o may_v just_o have_v seize_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n to_o his_o own_o use_n d._n 2._o p._n 171._o w._n he_o give_v most_o of_o the_o land_n of_o england_n to_o his_o follower_n ibid._n p._n 721_o to_o 729._o and_o to_o 747._o w._n he_o alter_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n d._n 5._o p._n 320._o to_o 322._o w._n he_o alter_v all_o the_o old_a law_n of_o england_n or_o confirm_v those_o of_o king_n edward_n d._n 10._o p._n 737._o to_o 760._o his_o second_o oath_n upon_o the_o relic_n of_o st._n alban_n ib._n 761_o 762._o his_o law_n concern_v all_o freeman_n exemption_n from_o tax_n upon_o their_o find_a arm_n d._n 6._o p._n 426_o 427._o w._n he_o and_o his_o son_n william_n rufus_n make_v law_n and_o impose_v tax_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n d_o 10._o p._n 744_o 755._o king_n william_n the_o three_o w._n he_o have_v any_o title_n by_o conquest_n over_o king_n james_n or_o else_o from_o his_o marriage_n with_o the_o princess_n and_o the_o act_n of_o the_o convention_n d._n 12._o p._n 883._o to_o 899._o his_o religion_n and_o principle_n vindicate_v ib._n 886_o 887._o wites_z or_o wiseman_n in_o the_o english_a saxon_a council_n the_o true_a signification_n of_o that_o term_n d._n 6._o p._n 373._o to_o 378._o wittena_n à _fw-fr gemot_n or_o great_a council_n among_o the_o english_a saxon_n w._n they_o consist_v of_o more_o than_o the_o high_a nobility_n ib._n p._n 381._o wife_n how_o far_o oblige_v to_o be_v obedient_a to_o the_o command_v of_o their_o husband_n d._n 1._o p._n 40._o write_v of_o summons_n to_o the_o commmon_n of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o w_o it_o be_v the_o first_o of_o that_o kind_n d._n 7._o p._n 519._o to_o 521._o w._n any_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o bishop_n or_o lord_n to_o parliament_n be_v to_o be_v find_v before_o that_o time_n ib._n p._n 516._o write_v of_o the_o 19_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o levy_v two_o mark_n scutage_n upon_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n hold_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ib._n 445_o writ_n of_o the_o 24_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o command_v all_o man_n hold_v a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n of_o whatsoever_o tenure_n to_o be_v knight_v d._n 6._o p._n 432._o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n at_o shrewsbury_n in_o the_o 11_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o d._n 8._o p._n 574._o write_v of_o summons_n to_o knight_n of_o shire_n cite_v by_o dr._n b._n in_o the_o 18_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o w._n it_o be_v to_o a_o parliament_n d._n 7._o p._n 530._o to_o 536._o write_v of_o the_o 22d_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o w._n a_o summons_n to_o parliament_n d._n 7._o p._n 533_o 534._o write_v of_o the_o 30_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o command_v the_o levy_v of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o each_o knight_n fee_n which_o have_v be_v grant_v ever_o since_o the_o eighteen_o ibid._n p._n 479._o w._n the_o commons_o grant_v that_o tax_n ibid._n writ_n of_o the_o 28_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o 45th_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o w._n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n ib._n 537._o writ_n for_o expense_n to_o knight_n of_o shire_n how_o ancient_a d._n 8._o p._n 589._o to_o 591._o y_fw-fr duke_n of_o york_n richard_n his_o title_n declare_v in_o parliament_n d._n 12._o p._n 863._o edward_n duke_n of_o york_n recognize_v by_o parliament_n to_o be_v lawful_a king_n from_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n richard_n duke_z of_o york_n ib._n p._n 865._o duke_n of_o york_n james_n w._n he_o be_v not_o entire_o in_o the_o french_a interest_n and_o design_n before_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n d._n 11._o p._n 802._o a_o appendix_n contain_v some_o authority_n sit_v to_o be_v add_v for_o far_a confirmation_n of_o some_o thing_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o forego_n dialogue_n to_o be_v add_v to_o dialogue_n the_o four_o p._n 290._o at_o the_o end_n of_o f_o s_o speech_n after_o these_o word_n no_o particular_a church_n can_v read_v thus_o and_o that_o divers_a of_o the_o most_o eminent_a divine_n of_o our_o church_n have_v use_v the_o same_o freedom_n with_o several_a other_o doctrine_n contain_v in_o these_o homily_n may_v appear_v from_o dr._n hammonds_n dr._n heylin_n and_o dr._n tailor_n with_o several_a other_o eminent_a writer_n express_o deny_v that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n be_v guilty_a of_o idolatry_n or_o that_o the_o pope_n be_v antichrist_n though_o both_o these_o doctrine_n be_v as_o plain_o lay_v down_o in_o the_o homily_n as_o the_o doctrine_n of_o nonresistance_n and_o yet_o none_o of_o these_o man_n be_v ever_o tax_v by_o those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n for_o quit_v her_o ancient_a orthodox_n doctrine_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o give_v i_o a_o good_a reason_n if_o you_o can_v why_o it_o be_v more_o lawful_a and_o excusable_a to_o part_v with_o the_o former_a of_o these_o doctrine_n than_o the_o latter_a the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v also_o for_o the_o doctrine_n of_o predestination_n which_o though_o express_o assert_v in_o the_o 36_o article_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n as_o interpret_v by_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o writer_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o king_n james_n as_o also_o the_o bishop_n and_o divine_n send_v as_o delegate_n from_o our_o church_n to_o the_o synod_n of_o dort_n who_o join_v in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o that_o article_n in_o the_o strict_a calvinistical_a sense_n you_o find_v in_o all_o the_o determination_n of_o that_o synod_n against_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o arminian_n which_o then_o begin_v to_o prevail_v yet_o since_o the_o time_n that_o archbishop_n laud_n have_v the_o nominate_n of_o what_o person_n he_o think_v fit_a to_o be_v make_v bishop_n dean_n etc._n etc._n not_o one_o in_o ten_o of_o they_o but_o have_v be_v arminian_n in_o all_o those_o point_n wherein_o they_o whole_o differ_v from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o calvin_n which_o be_v but_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o our_o 36_o article_n so_o interpret_v yet_o none_o of_o the_o divine_n of_o our_o present_a church_n who_o hold_v these_o opinion_n be_v brand_v with_o apostasy_n from_o its_o ancient_a doctrine_n but_o if_o any_o well_o mean_v divine_a out_o of_o love_n to_o his_o country_n and_o to_o prevent_v popery_n and_o slavery_n from_o break_v in_o upon_o we_o have_v but_o preach_v or_o publish_a any_o thing_n in_o derogation_n to_o these_o darling_n doctrine_n of_o passive_a obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n he_o be_v straight_o brand_v with_o apostasy_n from_o the_o church_n in_o quit_v its_o main_a distinguish_a character_n and_o we_o have_v late_o see_v degrade_n nay_o the_o most_o cruel_a whip_n and_o imprisonment_n think_v too_o little_a for_o such_o a_o man_n but_o one_o may_v say_v of_o some_o man_n with_o truth_n enough_o that_o veniam_fw-la coruis_fw-la vexat_fw-la censura_fw-la columbis_fw-la so_o dialogue_n the_o six_o p._n 397._o at_o the_o bottom_n after_o these_o word_n in_o those_o time_n read_v this_o but_o that_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v ancient_o often_o comprehend_v under_o the_o stile_n of_o grantz_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o magnate_n in_o latin_a pray_v consult_v the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o edward_n the_o three_o where_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o 4_o the_o of_o that_o king_n this_o passage_n &_o est_fw-la assentu_fw-la &_o accord_v per_fw-la nostre_fw-fr &_o seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr &_o tous_fw-fr les_fw-fr grantz_n