thus_o propose_v that_o the_o dutch_a ship_n both_o man_n of_o war_n and_o merchant_n beside_o strike_v the_o flag_n shall_v suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v visit_v if_o require_v and_o shall_v perform_v all_o due_a office_n of_o honour_n and_o acknowledgement_n to_o england_n to_o who_o the_o dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n of_o right_n appertain_v but_o this_o article_n be_v reject_v by_o the_o dutch_a as_o be_v several_a other_o proposal_n of_o a_o high_a nature_n for_o it_o be_v then_o urge_v and_o for_o some_o time_n insist_v on_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o coalition_n of_o england_n and_o the_o unite_a province_n into_o one_o and_o the_o same_o republic_n not_o a_o union_n only_o but_o a_o adunation_n not_o a_o mere_a coition_n into_o a_o strict_a bond_n and_o league_n of_o friendship_n but_o a_o coalition_n of_o both_o into_o one_o government_n but_o this_o be_v reject_v too_o as_o impracticable_a if_o the_o question_n be_v only_o concern_v the_o 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limit_n of_o the_o sea-sovereignty_n of_o england_n and_o consequent_o have_v no_o relation_n to_o it_o beside_o this_o honour_n to_o the_o king_n flag_n be_v require_v from_o his_o own_o subject_n but_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o require_v from_o they_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o sovereignty_n to_o who_o benefit_n it_o redound_v the_o import_n be_v that_o foreigner_n will_v acknowledge_v it_o to_o who_o profit_n it_o be_v oppose_v well_o then_o if_o this_o ceremony_n do_v not_o relate_v to_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o a_o sovereignty_n in_o the_o sea_n what_o be_v it_o that_o it_o relate_v to_o and_o what_o be_v the_o true_a import_n and_o signification_n of_o it_o i_o answer_v it_o import_v these_o two_o thing_n 1._o it_o be_v cultus_fw-la superioris_fw-la it_o be_v a_o reverence_n or_o respect_n perform_v to_o a_o person_n of_o superior_a quality_n and_o degree_n 2._o it_o be_v symbolum_n pacis_fw-la &_o amicitiae_fw-la it_o be_v a_o sign_n or_o symbolical_a expression_n of_o peace_n 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potency_n in_o ship_n and_o the_o immediate_a concern_v of_o their_o own_o imminent_a peril_n be_v the_o most_o proper_a state_n to_o be_v make_v the_o bulwark_n of_o christendom_n at_o sea._n â—8_o flau._n blend_v dicad_n 2._o â—8_o thus_o the_o pope_n by_o the_o ceremony_n of_o a_o ring_n wed_v their_o duke_n every_o year_n to_o the_o adriatic_a and_o in_o the_o general_n council_n of_o lion_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o ambassador_n of_o several_a prince_n upon_o complaint_n make_v against_o the_o venetian_n for_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o all_o ship_n sail_v within_o the_o gulf_n judgement_n be_v give_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o republic_n upon_o consideration_n of_o their_o guard_v that_o sea_n against_o the_o course_n of_o the_o pirate_n and_o saracen_n and_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n will_v not_o so_o much_o as_o send_v a_o galley_n without_o ask_v leave_n of_o the_o senate_n which_o respect_n be_v so_o provident_o manage_v by_o that_o wise_a council_n the_o better_a to_o assert_v their_o marine_a sovereignty_n that_o sometime_o they_o will_v give_v leave_n under_o some_o restriction_n and_o condition_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o sister_n of_o ulâ—d_a sâ—â—â—â—_n king_n of_o naples_n 6._o joan._n palat._n de_fw-fr domin_n mar._n l._n 2._o c._n 6._o sometime_o they_o deny_v leave_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o maâ—y_v sister_n of_o philip_n king_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o year_n 16â—0_n who_o the_o senate_n will_v not_o permit_v to_o be_v transport_v from_o nâ—â—lâ—â—_n to_o trieste_n in_o the_o galley_n of_o spain_n but_o in_o those_o only_o of_o the_o republic_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v also_o that_o the_o gulf_n oâ—_n venice_n be_v not_o a_o wide_a sea_n or_o ocean_n nor_o a_o straight_a or_o narrow_a sea_n call_v in_o latin_a fretum_n but_o a_o sinus_n a_o bay_n or_o gulf_n close_v at_o one_o end_n in_o the_o bottom_n whereof_o the_o city_n of_o venice_n be_v situate_a upon_o several_a small_a isle_n or_o insulet_n the_o sea_n of_o england_n be_v of_o a_o different_a nature_n and_o condition_n they_o be_v open_a both_o above_o and_o below_o and_o they_o be_v the_o midway-passage_n betwixt_o all_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a nation_n the_o ware_n and_o merchandise_n of_o muscovy_n poland_n sweden_n denmark_n norway_n germany_n and_o the_o netherlands_o be_v convey_v by_o ship_n to_o france_n spain_n italy_n the_o levant_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o back_o again_o from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n through_o the_o north-east_n sea_n betwixt_o england_n and_o germany_n and_o the_o western_a channel_n betwixt_o england_n and_o france_n which_o show_v of_o what_o influence_n and_o import_n this_o dominion_n on_o the_o part_n of_o england_n be_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world._n chap._n i._n what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o what_o the_o true_a notion_n or_o idea_n of_o it_o be_v before_o i_o proceed_v it_o will_v be_v necessary_a first_o to_o explain_v the_o term_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o dominion_n what_o by_o sovereignty_n and_o what_o by_o the_o sea_n lest_o we_o lose_v thing_n in_o word_n and_o take_v up_o with_o name_n instead_o of_o reality_n by_o dominion_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v property_n for_o so_o be_v that_o word_n dominion_n always_o take_v in_o its_o legal_a sense_n or_o a_o right_n of_o possess_v and_o use_v any_o thing_n as_o one_o own_o and_o of_o exclude_v all_o other_o from_o a_o promiscuous_a and_o equal_a use_n thereof_o that_o be_v i_o which_o be_v so_o i_o as_o it_o be_v not_o another_o eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o it_o be_v i_o and_o this_o property_n be_v twofold_a either_o public_a or_o private_a for_o proper_a be_v not_o oppose_v to_o public_a but_o to_o common_a public_a property_n exclude_v communion_n among_o nation_n private_a property_n communion_n among_o person_n for_o as_o particular_a manor_n and_o tenement_n divide_v by_o their_o respective_a bound_n and_o buttles_n 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or_o immediate_o of_o he_o and_o as_o he_o be_v head_n and_o chief_a ruler_n he_o bear_v within_o he_o the_o person_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n and_o thus_o all_o england_n be_v his_o territorial_n property_n and_o the_o royal_a demean_n and_o possession_n annex_v to_o the_o crown_n as_o the_o public_a revenue_n thereof_o and_o as_o distinct_a from_o the_o private_a possession_n of_o particular_a person_n be_v his_o patrimonial_a property_n he_o have_v they_o in_o his_o public_a and_o politic_a capacity_n as_o king_n not_o in_o his_o private_a and_o natural_a as_o a_o individual_a person_n for_o king_n as_o well_o as_o subject_n may_v have_v possession_n in_o a_o private_a right_n as_o the_o king_n of_o egypt_n who_o buy_v the_o land_n of_o his_o subject_n for_o corn_n he_o have_v not_o those_o land_n in_o right_a of_o his_o crown_n as_o king_n for_o he_o be_v king_n before_o he_o have_v they_o i_o have_v do_v with_o those_o two_o
equip_v for_o war_n over_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n whether_o any_o sovereign_a prince_n or_o state_n have_v occasion_n to_o enter_v upon_o any_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n with_o man_n of_o war_n either_o in_o entire_a fleet_n or_o as_o convoy_n to_o merchant_n have_v first_o ask_v leave_v so_o to_o do_v of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o the_o supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o territory_n i_o have_v often_o meet_v with_o a_o traditional_a story_n both_o in_o discourse_n and_o in_o print_a pamphlet_n that_o queen_n elizabeth_n have_v intelligence_n that_o henry_n the_o four_o of_o france_n have_v a_o design_n to_o increase_v the_o naval_a strength_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o to_o equip_v a_o considerable_a fleet_n of_o war_n not_o only_o for_o the_o mediterranean_a but_o for_o the_o sea_n also_o towards_o england_n she_o send_v to_o bid_v he_o desist_v from_o it_o that_o the_o queen_n may_v request_v he_o not_o to_o put_v out_o upon_o these_o sea_n with_o a_o unusual_a fleet_n as_o that_o which_o may_v occasion_v jealousy_n in_o her_o subject_n and_o oblige_v she_o to_o a_o extraordinary_a expense_n in_o arm_v proportionable_o and_o consequent_o tend_v to_o weaken_v the_o amity_n and_o good_a assurance_n betwixt_o the_o two_o crown_n i_o say_v that_o she_o may_v do_v this_o for_o i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o she_o do_v it_o be_v neither_o moral_o impossible_a nor_o whole_o disagreeable_a to_o the_o practice_n among_o prince_n but_o that_o she_o do_v pro_fw-la jure_fw-la interdict_v and_o forbid_v he_o so_o do_v as_o a_o entrenchment_n and_o invasion_n of_o she_o right_o by_o enter_v with_o a_o arm_a force_n upon_o the_o territory_n of_o her_o crown_n without_o her_o leave_n for_o this_o i_o shall_v suspend_v my_o belief_n till_o better_a voucher_n be_v produce_v it_o be_v too_o common_a among_o man_n first_o to_o form_v their_o opinion_n and_o then_o to_o seek_v their_o proof_n and_o some_o rather_o than_o not_o find_v they_o will_v devise_v they_o there_o be_v another_o currant_n story_n of_o the_o same_o alloy_n that_o queen_n elizabeth_n seize_v in_o the_o bay_n of_o cascais_n in_o portugal_n sixty_o lade_v ship_n belong_v to_o the_o hans_n town_n of_o germany_n and_o afterward_o consiscate_v both_o ship_n and_o good_n for_o have_v presumptuous_o pass_v over_o her_o sea_n without_o first_o obtain_v her_o royal_a permission_n in_o this_o several_a mistake_v be_v complicate_v together_o one_o in_o law_n and_o two_o in_o fact._n that_o in_o law_n be_v this_o suppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o have_v be_v universal_o acknowledge_v as_o the_o queen_n undoubted_a right_n yet_o ought_v not_o the_o hanseaty_n who_o be_v friend_n and_o peaceable_a trader_n and_o pursue_v their_o lawful_a occasion_n to_o have_v be_v consiscate_v for_o not_o a_o king_n leave_v of_o passage_n over_o these_o sea_n have_v there_o be_v nothing_o more_o in_o the_o case_n because_o they_o need_v not_o in_o law_n so_o to_o have_v do_v no_o more_o than_o a_o market-man_n need_v ask_v leave_n of_o the_o owner_n to_o pass_v his_o field_n over_o which_o the_o market_n path_n lie_v the_o two_o mistake_v in_o fact_n be_v these_o 1._o the_o say_v sixty_o sail_n of_o ship_n do_v not_o in_o fact_n pass_v the_o sea_n of_o england_n 95._o 〈…〉_o 15.9_o 〈…〉_o lib._n 95._o and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v consiscate_v upon_o that_o account_n mr._n cambden_n our_o faithful_a annalist_n say_v express_o and_o so_o do_v thuanus_n too_o that_o they_o pass_v on_o the_o north_n of_o scotland_n by_o the_o occade_n hebrides_n and_o great_a western_a ocean_n on_o the_o backside_n of_o ireland_n a_o long_a and_o dangerous_a passage_n to_o avoid_v be_v intercept_v in_o the_o channel_n by_o the_o queen_n ship_n 2._o the_o sole_a reason_n why_o they_o be_v confiscate_v be_v this_o because_o they_o carry_v good_n of_o contrabanda_n prohibit_v good_n viz._n corn_n which_o at_o that_o time_n spain_n want_v and_o naval_a provision_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o a_o enemy_n who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v prepare_v a_o new_a fleet_n for_o the_o invasion_n of_o england_n in_o revenge_n of_o the_o disgrace_n he_o have_v receive_v the_o year_n before_o viz._n in_o 88_o and_o this_o they_o do_v contrary_a to_o the_o queen_n proclamation_n and_o monitory_a letter_n to_o the_o hans_n town_n whereby_o she_o forbid_v they_o to_o supply_v spain_n her_o declare_a enemy_n with_o such_o provision_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o forfeit_v ship_n and_o good_n thus_o the_o dutch_a in_o the_o year_n 1652._o when_o by_o their_o interest_n and_o influence_n in_o the_o court_n of_o denmark_n they_o have_v cause_v a_o english_a fleet_n of_o above_o twenty_o merchant_n man_n lade_v with_o pitch_n tar_n flax_n hemp_n and_o other_o naval_a store_n to_o be_v arrest_v in_o the_o sound_n suppose_v that_o england_n with_o who_o they_o be_v then_o in_o war_n will_v be_v distress_v for_o want_n of_o sâ—â—n_n provision_n they_o publish_v a_o placart_n forbid_v all_o in_o general_a to_o import_n into_o england_n any_o the_o aforesaid_a material_n upon_o pain_n of_o confiscation_n thereof_o as_o be_v a_o relief_n to_o a_o enemy_n in_o thing_n they_o particular_o want_v for_o prosecute_a the_o war_n against_o they_o i_o inquire_v not_o here_o quo_fw-la jure_fw-la by_o what_o right_n the_o dutch_a do_v this_o and_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o a_o violation_n of_o the_o free_a commerce_n of_o neutral_a nation_n but_o i_o only_a instance_n in_o the_o fact_n as_o parallel_v with_o what_o the_o queen_n do_v nay_o the_o state_n do_v far_o more_o than_o what_o the_o queen_n do_v come_v to_o for_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1599_o almost_o in_o the_o infancy_n of_o their_o republic_n publish_v a_o placart_n forbid_v all_o nation_n any_o commerce_n with_o spain_n not_o in_o this_o or_o that_o prohibit_v commodity_n but_o in_o all_o good_n and_o merchandize_n whatsoever_o amstol_n grot._n host_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la belg._n lib._n 8._o pag._n 372._o edâ—t_fw-la amstol_n vetant_fw-la populos_fw-la quescunque_fw-la â—llos_fw-la commeatur_fw-la resve_fw-la alius_fw-la in_o hispaniam_fw-la far_o they_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o grotius_n in_o his_o belgic_a annal_n the_o eight_o book_n this_o by_o the_o way_n â—â—ly_o if_o we_o consult_v the_o public_a treaty_n which_o have_v be_v betwixt_o england_n and_o other_o sovereign_n concern_v sâ—â—ps_n of_o war_n pass_v these_o sea_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o 〈…〉_o have_v be_v as_o follow_v the_o usual_a covenant_n be_v 〈◊〉_d have_v be_v that_o the_o ship_n of_o war_n of_o either_o side_n may_v 〈◊〉_d come_v into_o the_o road_n havens_n and_o river_n each_o of_o other_o provide_v they_o be_v not_o in_o such_o number_n as_o may_v occasion_v suspicion_n and_o therefore_o the_o number_n be_v ascertain_v and_o not_o to_o be_v exceed_v unless_o to_o avoid_v imminent_a danger_n and_o in_o such_o case_n notice_n to_o be_v give_v thereof_o for_o example_n in_o the_o treaty_n conclude_v at_o madrid_n in_o the_o year_n 1630_o betwixt_o charles_n the_o first_o of_o england_n and_z philip_z the_o four_o of_o spain_n which_o treaty_n be_v but_o a_o renewal_a of_o the_o former_a make_v with_o king_n james_n in_o the_o year_n 1604_o it_o be_v in_o the_o 9th_o article_n agree_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o have_v access_n unto_o each_o other_o port_n with_o ship_n of_o war_n whether_o they_o shall_v arrive_v there_o either_o by_o force_n of_o tempest_n or_o for_o necessary_a repair_v or_o for_o provision_n of_o victual_n so_o they_o exceed_v not_o eight_o when_o they_o come_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n nor_o stay_v long_o than_o they_o shall_v have_v cause_n and_o when_o any_o great_a number_n shall_v have_v occasion_n of_o access_n they_o not_o to_o enter_v the_o port_n without_o the_o privity_n or_o consent_n of_o the_o king._n this_o be_v the_o form_n of_o all_o the_o treaty_n and_o article_n like_v to_o this_o have_v be_v agree_v betwixt_o england_n and_o france_n and_o england_n and_o helland_n but_o they_o be_v always_o reciprocal_a and_o as_o their_o ship_n of_o war_n be_v restrain_v from_o access_n to_o the_o english_a port_n so_o be_v the_o english_a from_o access_n to_o they_o in_o equal_a manner_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o restraint_n be_v only_o from_o access_n to_o each_o other_o port_n but_o never_o any_o restraint_n of_o foreign_a ship_n of_o war_n from_o enter_v in_o what_o number_n they_o please_v the_o sea_n of_o england_n thus_o in_o the_o year_n 1639_o which_o be_v but_o nine_o year_n after_o the_o treaty_n aforemention_v at_o madrid_n a_o spanish_a fleet_n of_o above_o sixty_o sail_n equip_v for_o war_n enter_v the_o western_a channel_n without_o leave_n first_o ask_v bind_v for_o ostend_n to_o supply_v the_o spanish_a netherlands_o with_o man_n munition_n and_o other_o necessary_n and_o pass_v the_o channel_n to_o the_o height_n of_o
dover_n and_o the_o dutch_a fleet_n put_v out_o in_o like_a manner_n upon_o the_o north-east_n sea_n and_o fight_v the_o spanish_a fleet_n in_o the_o down_n it_o be_v true_a that_o sir_n john_n pennington_n who_o then_o command_v the_o english_a guard_n endeavour_v to_o hinder_v they_o from_o sight_v so_o near_o the_o port_n to_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o security_n and_o protection_n of_o they_o and_o trouble_v the_o commerce_n and_o intercourse_n of_o the_o king_n liege_n and_n ally_n but_o no_o complaint_n make_v either_o then_o or_o afterward_o of_o the_o two_o fleet_n of_o war_n enter_v the_o sea_n aforesaid_a parcel_n of_o the_o dominion_n and_o territory_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n without_o a_o special_a licence_n first_o ask_v and_o obtain_v and_o it_o will_v be_v time_n misspend_v to_o recount_v how_o often_o either_o spaniard_n french_a or_o dutch_a have_v enter_v these_o sea_n with_o arm_a fleet_n and_o convoy_n as_o their_o occasion_n oblige_v they_o free_o without_o leave_n and_o without_o control_n i_o speak_v not_o here_o of_o the_o private_a notice_n and_o intimation_n which_o one_o prince_n may_v in_o friendly_a manner_n give_v another_o to_o satisfy_v he_o of_o the_o reason_n of_o any_o extraordinary_a military_a preparation_n and_o of_o the_o clearness_n of_o his_o intention_n towards_o he_o but_o of_o a_o formal_a previous_a leave_n to_o be_v ask_v and_o obtain_v by_o a_o foreign_a prince_n or_o state_n before_o they_o put_v out_o to_o sea_n upon_o the_o maritime_a territory_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n in_o a_o warlike_a equipage_n in_o the_o year_n 165â—_n the_o state_n general_n give_v public_a notice_n by_o their_o ambassador_n here_o in_o england_n that_o they_o have_v resolve_v to_o fit_v out_o to_o sea_n a_o extraordinary_a fleet_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o man_n of_o war_n beside_o those_o in_o present_a service_n for_o the_o security_n and_o preservation_n of_o their_o navigation_n and_o commerce_n they_o do_v not_o ask_v leave_n to_o do_v it_o but_o first_o resolve_v upon_o it_o and_o then_o give_v notice_n and_o they_o pretend_v this_o notice_n be_v a_o argument_n of_o their_o sincerity_n and_o good_a will_n in_o order_n to_o prevent_v all_o misunderstanding_n and_o finist_a interpretation_n but_o they_o in_o england_n understand_v it_o otherwise_o and_o resent_v it_o as_o a_o bravado_n and_o insult_n i_o pass_v now_o to_o the_o second_o incident_a of_o the_o sovereignty_n 1661._o of_o the_o marine_a jurisdiction_n and_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n videsis_n we_o &_o corstumâ—s_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_n print_v at_o boâ—â—deaux_n 1661._o to_o examine_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o to_o that_o viz._n the_o marine_a jurisdiction_n it_o be_v common_o affirm_v by_o english_a writer_n that_o our_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o the_o french_a give_v a_o different_a account_n do_v in_o his_o return_n from_o the_o holy_a land_n make_v and_o declare_v certain_a marine_a law_n for_o the_o better_a regulation_n of_o commerce_n which_o from_o the_o place_n of_o their_o first_o publication_n be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o oleron_n a_o small_a island_n situate_a in_o the_o bay_n of_o aquitain_n and_o a_o member_n of_o that_o great_a and_o wealthy_a duchy_n which_o be_v in_o the_o actual_a possession_n of_o king_n richard_n as_o his_o maternal_a inheritance_n for_o it_o come_v to_o his_o father_n henry_n the_o second_o by_o marriage_n with_o elinor_n daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o william_n duke_n of_o aquitain_n and_o by_o the_o way_n it_o may_v be_v note_v that_o this_o duchy_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o part_n continue_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o ten_o descent_n to_o the_o 32d_o of_o henry_n the_o six_o near_o 300_o year_n though_o that_o of_o normandy_n continue_v but_o five_o descent_n and_o end_v in_o king_n john._n but_o whether_o these_o law_n be_v publish_v as_o aforesaid_a by_o king_n richard_n or_o whether_o about_o sixty_o year_n after_o as_o some_o print_a edition_n will_v have_v they_o be_v not_o a_o enquiry_n pertinent_a to_o this_o place_n be_v it_o admit_v those_o law_n be_v publish_v by_o king_n richard_n who_o be_v actual_a duke_n both_o of_o aquitain_n and_o normandy_n and_o in_o right_a of_o the_o latter_a lord_n on_o both_o side_n the_o english_a channel_n the_o great_a intercourse_n betwixt_o his_o english_a and_o french_a subject_n and_o those_o of_o his_o ally_n require_v a_o certain_a rule_n of_o sea-law_n for_o the_o more_o speedy_a and_o impartial_a determination_n of_o all_o controversy_n which_o may_v occasional_o arise_v these_o law_n of_o oleron_n as_o to_o the_o main_a of_o they_o be_v but_o a_o transcript_n of_o the_o old_a rhodian_a law_n with_o some_o new_a addition_n and_o amendment_n accommodate_v to_o the_o practice_n of_o that_o age_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o western_a nation_n who_o thereupon_o may_v ready_o conform_v to_o they_o as_o to_o a_o common_a standard_n and_o measure_n like_o a_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o the_o more_o equal_a distribution_n of_o justice_n among_o the_o people_n of_o different_a government_n but_o to_o infer_v from_o hence_o a_o universal_a monarchy_n at_o sea_n and_o that_o king_n richard_n in_o right_a of_o his_o imperial_a crown_n of_o england_n and_o ducal_z crown_n of_o nâ—rmandy_n and_o aquitain_n do_v as_o sole_a or_o supreme_a legislator_n for_o the_o marine_a authoritative_o impose_v sea-law_n upon_o the_o people_n and_o subject_n oâ—_n other_o nation_n be_v but_o a_o strain_a inference_n the_o roman_n be_v far_o enough_o from_o yield_v a_o sea-sovereignty_n to_o the_o little_a republic_n of_o rhodes_n and_o yet_o be_v so_o well_o satisfy_v with_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o sea-law_n that_o they_o not_o only_o conform_v to_o they_o dâ—â—â—l_n lab._n 11._o dâ—â—â—l_n but_o incorporate_v they_o into_o the_o body_n of_o their_o digest_v and_o as_o the_o rhodian_a law_n obtain_v in_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n in_o the_o western_a and_o english_a sea_n so_o the_o law_n of_o wisbuy_n a_o town_n situate_a upon_o the_o little_a isle_n of_o gotland_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o baltic_a former_o under_o denmark_n now_o under_o the_o crown_n of_o sueden_n call_v from_o thence_o leges_fw-la wisbuicenses_fw-la 19â—_n pâ—â—k_v in_fw-ge 〈…〉_o tit._n diâ—_n &_o cod._n 〈…〉_o p._n 19â—_n be_v receive_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o northern_a trader_n as_o a_o common_a measure_n for_o all_o nautick_a assair_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o rhine_n and_o throughout_o the_o whole_a baltic_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v a_o matter_n unquestionable_a not_o at_o home_n only_o but_o among_o all_o nation_n his_o admiral_n have_v and_o ever_o have_v through_o a_o long_a series_n of_o age_n the_o conusance_n of_o all_o contract_n plea_n and_o querrels_n make_v upon_o the_o sea_n out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o any_o county_n of_o england_n which_o power_n be_v enlarge_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 15_o r._n 2._o cap._n 3._o to_o death_n and_o mayhem_n upon_o great_a ship_n in_o the_o main_a stream_n of_o great_a river_n and_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 28._o hen._n 8._o cap._n 15._o a_o court_n of_o commission_n may_v be_v hold_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n coram_fw-la admirallo_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o treason_n felony_n robbery_n etc._n etc._n do_v or_o commit_v upon_o the_o sea._n but_o then_o it_o be_v evident_a and_o undeniable_a also_o that_o the_o neighbour_a kingdom_n and_o state_n who_o border_n upon_o the_o sea_n have_v their_o distinct_a admiralty_n likewise_o and_o have_v long_o since_o have_v where_o their_o subject_n and_o people_n receive_v sinal_a sentence_n in_o all_o maritime_a cause_n without_o exception_n of_o any_o sea_n or_o without_o appeal_n to_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n as_o the_o last_o resort_n or_o as_o have_v supreme_a conusance_n of_o all_o thing_n do_v and_o commit_v in_o and_o upon_o the_o british_a sea_n if_o a_o french_a or_o dutch_a vessel_n take_v a_o pirate_n of_o what_o nation_n soever_o who_o have_v commit_v a_o robbery_n upon_o the_o english_a sea_n they_o do_v not_o remit_v he_o to_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n as_o to_o the_o sole_a tribunal_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o fact_n be_v do_v to_o receive_v sentence_n there_o but_o they_o carry_v he_o before_o their_o own_o judicatories_n and_o judge_v he_o as_o a_o enemy_n of_o mankind_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n if_o one_o foreigner_n do_v any_o injury_n to_o another_o be_v it_o fraud_n or_o violence_n upon_o the_o british_a sea_n the_o party_n injure_v make_v not_o his_o complaint_n to_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n as_o the_o proper_a court_n and_o as_o have_v the_o sole_a juridical_a conusance_n of_o his_o plea_n but_o resort_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o his_o own_o sovereign_n or_o
to_o that_o of_o the_o sovereign_n of_o the_o wrongdoer_n and_o there_o implead_v he_o and_o pray_v for_o justice_n if_o a_o frenchman_n kill_v a_o frenchman_n one_o alien_a another_o upon_o the_o land_n of_o england_n the_o fact_n be_v commit_v within_o the_o local_a ligeance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o against_o the_o peace_n and_o protection_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o therefore_o triable_a before_o his_o court_n but_o if_o two_o englishman_n be_v under_o the_o pay_n and_o service_n of_o the_o french_a king_n and_o one_o of_o they_o kill_v the_o other_o aboard_o a_o french_a man_n of_o war_n within_o the_o 4_o sea_n the_o french_a king_n judicature_n will_v have_v the_o conusance_n of_o the_o crime_n as_o do_v within_o his_o ligeance_n and_o against_o the_o peace_n and_o protection_n of_o his_o crown_n thus_o stand_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o to_o the_o marine_a jurisdiction_n and_o thus_o it_o have_v be_v for_o many_o age_n but_o yet_o there_o be_v a_o ancient_a precedent_n which_o seem_v to_o impugn_v something_o that_o have_v be_v say_v and_o not_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o be_v to_o report_v thing_n unfaithful_o and_o therefore_o i_o crave_v leave_n to_o examine_v it_o it_o be_v a_o bundle_n or_o roli_n in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n superscribe_v de_fw-fr superioritate_fw-la maris_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o jure_fw-la officii_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la in_o codem_fw-la record_n i_o can_v scarce_o call_v it_o 27_o 〈…〉_o cap._n 27_o for_o it_o be_v not_o any_o judicial_a act_n or_o monument_n of_o a_o court_n of_o record_n and_o it_o may_v be_v read_v as_o it_o be_v transcribe_v at_o large_a by_o lord_n chief_a justice_n cake_n and_o by_o mr._n selden_n who_o high_o insist_o upon_o it_o i_o shall_v abbreviate_v it_o true_o and_o in_o short_a the_o case_n be_v this_o a_o league_n have_v be_v conclude_v betwixt_o edward_n the_o first_o of_o england_n and_z philip_z the_o fair_a of_o france_n 〈…〉_o of_o the_o 〈…〉_o in_o which_o it_o be_v covenant_v that_o each_o shall_v defend_v the_o other_o right_n and_o neither_o relieve_v the_o other_o enemy_n after_o this_o a_o war_n ensue_v betwixt_o philip_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n who_o edward_n secret_o savour_v whereupon_o reyner_n grimbald_n who_o be_v general_n at_o sea_n for_o the_o king_n of_o france_n take_v several_a ship_n both_o of_o england_n and_o of_o other_o nation_n trade_n to_o flanders_n and_o confiscate_v ship_n and_o good_n and_o imprison_v person_n as_o carry_v relief_n to_o a_o enemy_n upon_o which_o and_o other_o complaint_n commissioner_n be_v appoint_v by_o both_o king_n call_v in_o the_o roll_n write_v in_o norman_a french_a auditor_n deputez_fw-fr per_fw-la les_fw-fr roys_n d'engleterre_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr france_n a_o redresser_n les_fw-fr damage_n faits_fw-fr the_o plaintiff_n who_o be_v of_o several_a nation_n appear_v by_o their_o procurator_n or_o attorney_n before_o the_o say_a commissioner_n and_o join_v all_o together_o in_o one_o bill_n or_o libel_n as_o be_v all_o involve_a in_o one_o common_a cause_n in_o the_o rehearsal_n of_o the_o say_a libel_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o whereas_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n from_o time_n to_o time_n whereof_o there_o be_v no_o memory_n to_o the_o contrary_a have_v be_v in_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o sovereign_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o same_o by_o ordain_v of_o law_n etc._n etc._n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v covenant_v in_o the_o league_n late_o make_v betwixt_o the_o two_o king_n that_o each_o shall_v defend_v the_o other_o right_n franchise_n and_o liberty_n etc._n etc._n mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n grimbald_n commander_n of_o the_o fleet_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o name_n himself_o admiral_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n be_v commissioned_n by_o that_o king_n to_o serve_v he_o in_o his_o wâ—â—_n against_o flanders_n have_v contrary_a to_o the_o say_a league_n wrongful_o assume_v the_o office_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o the_o say_v gea_n of_o england_n upon_o pretence_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n take_v the_o people_n and_o merchant_n &c_n &c_n they_o pray_v that_o the_o person_n ship_n and_o good_n so_o take_v may_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o who_o the_o counsance_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n of_o right_o appertain_v he_o who_o shall_v read_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v the_o magnificent_a attribute_n give_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n of_o their_o be_v peaceable_o possess_v time_n immemorial_n of_o the_o sovereign_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n by_o ordain_v law_n and_o statute_n prohibit_v arm_n and_o arm_a vessel_n take_v surety_n and_o give_v safeguard_n and_o ordain_v all_o other_o thing_n necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o peace_n and_o right_n among_o all_o people_n pass_v upon_o that_o sea_n etc._n etc._n will_v at_o first_o view_n be_v ready_a to_o cry_v out_o suimus_fw-la troes_n fuit_fw-la ilium_n we_o be_v english_a man_n england_n be_v and_o yet_o perhaps_o no_o need_n of_o such_o exclamation_n at_o first_o read_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o at_o some_o distance_n like_o a_o stone_n wall_n athwart_o my_o way_n and_o no_o possibility_n of_o pass_v far_o but_o when_o i_o examine_v it_o more_o near_o i_o find_v it_o but_o a_o silken_a curtain_n of_o specious_a word_n draw_v artificial_o before_o the_o eye_n and_o easy_a to_o be_v put_v back_o by_o the_o hand_n 1._o first_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o all_o this_o be_v but_o a_o plaidoyé_n a_o plea_n or_o action_n a_o supplicatory_a libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n no_o definitive_a sentence_n or_o arrest_n nothing_o that_o do_v pass_v in_o rem_fw-la judicatam_fw-la this_o alone_a be_v there_o nothing_o more_o be_v sufficient_a to_o abate_v the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o it_o the_o roll_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o decision_n give_v by_o the_o delegate_n upon_o any_o the_o matter_n contain_v in_o the_o libel_n and_o either_o none_o be_v give_v which_o seem_v most_o probable_a and_o those_o controversy_n decide_v some_o other_o way_n or_o the_o roll_n be_v leave_v imperfect_a 2._o though_o the_o interessent_n of_o several_a nation_n as_o dane_n german_n hollander_n etc._n etc._n suffer_v damage_n by_o the_o seizure_n of_o grimbald_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o english_a do_v and_o therefore_o join_v with_o they_o in_o the_o same_o libel_n yet_o the_o libel_n be_v pen_v by_o english_a council_n as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o address_n or_o direction_n oâ—_n it_o a_o vous_fw-fr signior_n auditeurs_fw-fr deputez_fw-fr to_o you_o lord_n auditor_n depute_v par_fw-fr les_fw-fr roys_n d'engleterre_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr france_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n where_o england_n have_v the_o preference_n of_o order_n to_o france_n contrary_a to_o the_o style_n of_o neutral_a nation_n of_o that_o age._n 3._o the_o allegation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v time_n immemorial_n in_o the_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o make_v by_o the_o french_a delegate_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n their_o master_n but_o by_o english_a advocat_n in_o favour_n of_o their_o client_n cause_v the_o french_a king_n have_v commission_v grinthald_v to_o exercise_v jurisdiction_n at_o sea_n by_o arrest_v and_o confiscate_v ship_n and_o good_n and_o imprison_v person_n for_o carry_v relief_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n his_o enemy_n by_o which_o commission_n grimbald_n justify_v himself_o for_o do_v such_o act_n as_o be_v manifest_o repugnant_a to_o the_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o say_v sovereign_a dominion_n on_o the_o part_n of_o england_n if_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v acknowledge_v the_o admiral_n of_o england_n the_o only_a competent_a judge_n of_o thing_n do_v and_o commit_v upon_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n why_o do_v he_o together_o with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n depute_v auditor_n or_o delegate_n for_o determine_v those_o matter_n then_o in_o controversy_n 4._o the_o art_n in_o pen_v the_o say_a libel_n be_v remarkable_a it_o affirm_v the_o marine_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n but_o it_o do_v not_o except_v against_o a_o power_n in_o the_o king_n of_o france_n to_o constitute_v a_o admiral_n with_o the_o like_a jurisdiction_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o sea_n towards_o flanders_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n have_v admiral_n before_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o fair._n it_o be_v true_a that_o great_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n have_v be_v cantonize_v and_o divide_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n into_o many_o franca_n fâ—uda_n as_o they_o â—alied_v they_o free_a fee_n which_o be_v supreme_a and_o independent_a sovereignty_n only_o the_o person_n of_o those_o
sovereign_n under_o a_o personal_a obligation_n of_o fealty_n to_o another_o the_o respective_a senatory_a prince_n be_v siduciary_a homager_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n but_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n have_v no_o regal_a jurisdiction_n or_o authority_n within_o those_o frincipality_n thus_o the_o great_a dakedom_n of_o aquitain_n and_o normandy_n be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o of_o britain_n be_v under_o a_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o the_o earldom_n of_o provence_n tolose_o and_o â—anders_n acknowledge_v their_o own_o sovereign_a count_n in_o those_o day_n the_o crown_n of_o france_n have_v only_o a_o small_a sea-coast_n upon_o picardy_n and_o some_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o fair_a that_o crown_n be_v in_o the_o actual_a possession_n of_o all_o normandy_n and_o as_o the_o other_o principality_n become_v reincorporate_v into_o the_o body_n of_o france_n from_o whence_o they_o have_v former_o be_v dismember_v as_o now_o they_o all_o be_v except_v some_o part_n of_o flanders_n that_o kingdom_n as_o it_o enlarge_v itself_o to_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o accession_n of_o many_o new_a coast_n so_o the_o marine_a jurisdiction_n thereof_o increase_v proportionable_o i_o say_v the_o fore-recited_a libel_n do_v not_o deny_v a_o civil_a power_n or_o capacity_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n to_o create_v a_o admiral_n and_o to_o invest_v he_o with_o marine_a jurisdiction_n but_o the_o exception_n be_v partly_o against_o the_o person_n of_o grimbald_n and_o partly_o against_o his_o illegal_a practice_n and_o seizure_n contrary_a to_o the_o alliance_n make_v betwixt_o the_o two_o king_n now_o this_o grimbald_n be_v a_o foreigner_n and_o a_o mercenary_a he_o be_v a_o genoese_a who_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v hire_v with_o several_a galley_n of_o that_o republic_n to_o serve_v he_o in_o his_o war_n against_o flanders_n the_o plaintiff_n in_o their_o libel_n call_v he_o maistre_fw-mi de_fw-fr la_fw-fr navy_n du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n master_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o french_a fleet_n but_o will_v not_o vouchsafe_v he_o the_o title_n of_o a_o admiral_n only_o que_fw-fr se_fw-fr dit_fw-fr estre_fw-fr admiral_n that_o he_o call_v himself_o a_o admiral_n and_o crafty_o reclaim_v the_o conusance_n of_o their_o cause_n from_o he_o as_o a_o incompetent_a judge_n to_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n as_o a_o undoubted_a authority_n and_o before_o who_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o gain_v their_o process_n i_o have_v do_v with_o the_o marine_a jurisdiction_n fishery_n of_o the_o fishery_n and_o proceed_v now_o to_o the_o three_o and_o last_o incident_a of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o which_o inseparable_o follow_v it_o and_o that_o be_v the_o sole_a fish_n without_o which_o it_o will_v be_v a_o property_n without_o profit_n a_o name_n without_o a_o thing_n he_o who_o have_v the_o soil_n or_o ground_n have_v the_o herbage_n and_o other_o growth_n of_o it_o or_o else_o a_o rent_n for_o it_o if_o other_o may_v free_o depasture_n with_o he_o it_o be_v a_o common_a the_o enquiry_n be_v upon_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o to_o fish_v upon_o the_o sea_n about_o england_n in_o which_o our_o public_a treaty_n make_v betwixt_o our_o king_n and_o other_o sovereign_n will_v be_v our_o best_a direction_n and_o they_o stand_v thus_o all_o the_o ancient_a treaty_n i_o can_v meet_v with_o conclude_v betwixt_o the_o several_a king_n of_o england_n and_o their_o old_a confederate_n the_o duke_n of_o britanny_n and_o burgundy_n which_o in_o those_o age_n be_v the_o most_o powerful_a neighbour_n they_o have_v at_o sea_n be_v of_o the_o same_o tenor_n and_o run_v in_o the_o same_o form_n viz._n they_o covenant_n on_o both_o side_n that_o their_o respective_a subject_n shall_v free_o and_o without_o the_o let_v or_o hindrance_n one_o of_o another_o fish_v every_o where_n upon_o the_o sea_n without_o ask_v any_o licenses_fw-la passport_n or_o safe_a conduct_n this_o be_v the_o general_n form_n of_o they_o all_o for_o example_n in_o the_o treaty_n betwixt_o edward_n the_o four_o of_o england_n and_o francis_n duke_n of_o britanny_n the_o article_n in_o the_o french_a of_o that_o time_n run_v thus_o that_o the_o fisherman_n both_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o duchy_n of_o britanny_n purront_v peaceablement_n aller_fw-fr par_fw-fr tout_fw-fr sur_fw-fr mer_n pour_fw-fr pescher_fw-fr &_o gaigner_n leur_fw-fr viure_fw-fr sans_fw-fr impeachement_fw-fr ouâ—_n disturber_n de_fw-fr l'une_fw-fr party_n ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr l'autre_fw-fr &_o sans_fw-fr leur_fw-fr soit_fw-fr besoigne_n sur_fw-fr ceo_fw-la requirir_fw-fr sauf_fw-fr conduct_n and_o the_o same_o form_n have_v be_v use_v before_o in_o the_o treaty_n betwixt_o henry_n the_o 6_o and_o the_o than_o duchess_n of_o burgundy_n thus_o also_o in_o the_o famous_a treaty_n call_v intercursus_fw-la magnus_fw-la make_v in_o the_o year_n 1495_o betwixt_o henry_n the_o seven_o of_o england_n and_o philip_n the_o four_o archduke_n of_o austria_n and_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n in_o the_o 14_o article_n it_o be_v agree_v quod_fw-la piscatores_fw-la utriusque_fw-la partis_fw-la poterint_fw-la ubique_fw-la ire_n navigare_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la secure_a piscari_fw-la absque_fw-la impedimento_fw-la licentia_fw-la seu_fw-la salvo_fw-la conductu_fw-la and_o this_o form_n be_v also_o keep_v to_o in_o the_o treaty_n make_v betwixt_o henry_n the_o eight_o and_o chaâ—les_v the_o five_o emperor_n and_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n after_o that_o seven_o of_o the_o seventeen_o province_n have_v set_v up_o distinct_a sovereignty_n of_o their_o own_o they_o still_o enjoy_v the_o same_o freedom_n of_o fish_v as_o they_o have_v do_v before_o when_o unite_v with_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n and_o in_o the_o treaty_n make_v betwixt_o king_n james_n of_o england_n and_o philip_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o year_n 1604_o the_o ancient_a treaty_n of_o intercourse_n and_o commerce_n betwixt_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o irelanâ—_n and_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o low-countries_n be_v revive_v and_o reconsirm_v from_o whence_o it_o appear_v upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n of_o fact_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o their_o treaty_n with_o other_o sovereign_n not_o once_o or_o twice_o but_o in_o a_o succession_n of_o age_n not_o by_o surprise_n but_o deliberate_o and_o when_o the_o business_n of_o the_o fishery_n come_v under_o special_a consultation_n do_v not_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o the_o sole_a right_o thereof_o exclusive_o of_o all_o other_o as_o be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n for_o have_v they_o esteem_v the_o fishery_n the_o property_n of_o their_o crown_n and_o all_o alien_n exclude_v from_o it_o they_o will_v not_o have_v admit_v the_o subject_n of_o britanny_n and_o burgundy_n to_o a_o promiscuous_a fish_n with_o their_o own_o subject_n without_o some_o valuable_a consideration_n have_v be_v give_v for_o it_o or_o at_o least_o some_o licence_n obtain_v as_o a_o beneficiary_n grant_v derive_v from_o they_o or_o some_o acknowledgement_n make_v by_o way_n of_o a_o salvo_n jure_fw-la a_o save_v to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o england_n else_o it_o will_v be_v as_o unreasonable_a as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v throw_v down_o the_o enclosure_n of_o his_o own_o ground_n and_o lay_v that_o common_a which_o before_o be_v his_o property_n which_o be_v too_o gross_a a_o reflection_n upon_o the_o wisdom_n of_o those_o age_n and_o this_o may_v be_v further_o illustrate_v by_o a_o samiliar_a instance_n suppose_v here_o in_o england_n two_o great_a manor_n and_o betwixt_o they_o a_o large_a lake_n of_o fresh_a water_n well_o store_v with_o fish_n and_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o not_o only_a time_n out_o of_o mind_n the_o tenant_n of_o the_o two_o manor_n have_v promiscuous_o fish_v therein_o but_o that_o also_o the_o lord_n of_o both_o manor_n have_v in_o several_a age_n contract_v each_o with_o other_o for_o a_o free_a fish_n without_o leave_n or_o licence_n to_o be_v first_o ask_v or_o obtain_v for_o their_o respective_a tenant_n and_o in_o the_o contract_n no_o exception_n or_o reservation_n be_v make_v of_o the_o fishery_n as_o parcel_n of_o the_o inheritance_n of_o one_o of_o the_o say_a manor_n nor_o any_o word_n create_v a_o tenure_n whereby_o one_o shall_v hold_v of_o the_o other_o nor_o express_v or_o imply_v that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o temporary_a sufferance_n that_o one_o of_o the_o lord_n shall_v share_v for_o a_o time_n in_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o fish_n without_o any_o share_n in_o the_o fee_n or_o inheritance_n of_o it_o and_o this_o by_o the_o free_a donation_n of_o the_o other_o common_o call_v de_fw-fr gratia_n speciali_fw-la or_o for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n usual_o term_v quid_fw-la pro_fw-la quo_fw-la or_o to_o hold_v by_o some_o small_a acknowledgement_n of_o tenure_n as_o of_o a_o pâ—pper-corn_n yearly_o but_o the_o contract_n
by_o the_o fatality_n of_o the_o plague_n fire_n and_o other_o accident_n by_o occasion_n whereof_o a_o peace_n intervene_v there_o have_v at_o that_o time_n be_v as_o formidable_a a_o confederacy_n and_o conjunction_n form_v against_o england_n 1508._o an._n 1508._o as_o that_o at_o cambray_n against_o venice_n to_o remedy_v the_o say_a inconvenience_n and_o obviate_v the_o like_a i_o think_v it_o useful_a in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n careful_o to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o the_o question_n of_o right_n and_o the_o question_n of_o fact_n betwixt_o the_o pretension_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o betwixt_o what_o it_o have_v continual_o claim_v and_o demand_v as_o a_o ancient_a right_n and_o what_o it_o have_v be_v actual_o seize_v of_o by_o a_o long_a peaceable_a and_o uninterrupted_a enjoyment_n which_o imply_v a_o consent_n and_o acknowledgement_n on_o the_o part_n of_o other_o nation_n the_o late_a of_o these_o be_v the_o true_a touchstone_n of_o wrong_n and_o injury_n for_o what_o have_v be_v ancient_o claim_v may_v have_v be_v as_o ancient_o deny_v and_o so_o remain_v lis_n pendens_fw-la a_o question_n undecided_a but_o what_o have_v be_v peaceable_o enjoy_v and_o thereby_o pass_v into_o a_o acknowledge_v right_o afterward_o to_o detain_v or_o controvert_v be_v a_o manifest_a injury_n and_o usurpation_n and_o by_o this_o we_o shall_v easy_o discern_v whether_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n maintain_v its_o ground_n or_o whether_o it_o have_v lose_v any_o thing_n of_o what_o it_o former_o have_v by_o new_a encroachment_n and_o disseisin_n such_o as_o may_v furnish_v matter_n for_o a_o just_a resentment_n and_o vindication_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o pretension_n of_o the_o crown_n stand_v as_o they_o do_v what_o they_o be_v that_o they_o now_o be_v no_o diminution_n of_o they_o no_o derogation_n from_o they_o it_o be_v courage_n in_o a_o nation_n strenuous_o to_o maintain_v their_o own_o and_o it_o be_v justice_n right_o to_o distinguish_v their_o own_o and_o the_o best_a temper_n of_o government_n be_v neither_o to_o do_v a_o wrong_n nor_o take_v it_o i_o think_v it_o needful_a also_o to_o examine_v the_o accustom_a salutation_n at_o sea_n by_o the_o flag_n and_o topsail_n and_o to_o endeavour_v to_o clear_v the_o true_a significancy_n and_o import_n of_o it_o and_o the_o rather_o because_o it_o have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o spill_v much_o blood_n in_o europe_n within_o these_o forty_o year_n last_o pass_v and_o may_v be_v of_o the_o effusion_n of_o more_o if_o a_o timely_a remedy_n be_v not_o apply_v to_o so_o grow_v a_o evil_a which_o be_v almost_o become_v a_o common_a makebate_n betwixt_o the_o european_a nation_n and_o all_o this_o partly_o by_o over-straining_a a_o fine_a thread_n and_o lay_v great_a weight_n upon_o it_o than_o it_o will_v bear_v but_o chief_o for_o want_v of_o a_o certain_a and_o determinate_a regulation_n for_o while_o sea-captain_n be_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o their_o instruction_n refer_v only_o to_o former_a use_n and_o custom_n and_o what_o that_o be_v not_o distinct_o know_v many_o irregularity_n and_o indiscretion_n ensue_v not_o unlike_a to_o those_o of_o some_o gallant_n at_o land_n who_o think_v it_o a_o point_n of_o honour_n to_o quarrel_v for_o the_o way_n or_o justle_v for_o the_o wall_n with_o all_o they_o meet_v but_o with_o this_o difference_n these_o do_v it_o only_o to_o the_o endanger_v their_o own_o person_n but_o the_o other_o to_o the_o engage_v their_o master_n many_o time_n in_o unnecessary_a feud_n and_o dispute_n this_o be_v the_o mark_n at_o which_o the_o follow_a discourse_n be_v level_v and_o by_o these_o measure_v it_o have_v be_v guide_v and_o the_o whole_a design_n of_o it_o tend_v to_o this_o to_o prevent_v needless_a quarrel_n and_o such_o as_o be_v state_v to_o disadvantage_n abroad_o and_o to_o justify_v our_o king_n reputation_n against_o censure_n and_o reflection_n at_o home_n that_o while_o he_o preserve_v the_o public_a peace_n his_o honour_n may_v not_o be_v impeach_v nor_o yet_o his_o honour_n of_o which_o he_o have_v so_o quick_a a_o sense_n be_v make_v use_n of_o through_o mistake_a appearance_n to_o imbroil_v his_o peace_n but_o be_v leave_v free_a to_o steer_v a_o even_a course_n betwixt_o the_o tender_a regard_v of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o prudential_a consideration_n of_o the_o other_o in_o order_n to_o which_o design_n it_o be_v necessary_a for_o i_o to_o remove_v some_o obstacle_n and_o impediment_n as_o i_o find_v they_o in_o my_o way_n to_o clear_v the_o true_a notion_n of_o dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n in_o all_o the_o chief_a branch_n and_o dependency_n of_o it_o to_o trace_v matter_n of_o fact_n through_o the_o national_a treaty_n make_v betwixt_o our_o king_n and_o other_o prince_n to_o vindicate_v some_o passage_n in_o our_o book_n and_o roll_n from_o mistake_v and_o misapplication_n and_o all_o this_o without_o any_o vanity_n of_o refute_v mr._n selden_n who_o if_o he_o have_v extend_v the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n to_o the_o wrong_n of_o other_o prince_n viderint_fw-la ipsi_fw-la let_v they_o look_v to_o it_o who_o concern_v it_o be_v but_o mere_o in_o prosecution_n of_o the_o design_n of_o a_o discourse_n which_o beside_o that_o it_o assert_n the_o honour_n of_o our_o king_n by_o show_v in_o fact_n as_o to_o sea-matter_n how_o he_o maintain_v whatever_o his_o ancestor_n have_v enjoy_v may_v as_o be_v humble_o conceive_v be_v further_o serviceable_a for_o these_o two_o end_n first_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o some_o popular_a error_n which_o prevail_v to_o the_o great_a inconvenience_n of_o the_o king_n by_o continual_a prompt_v and_o expose_v he_o upon_o pretend_a point_n of_o honour_n to_o a_o perpetual_a strife_n with_o all_o his_o neighbour_n for_o thing_n not_o safe_a to_o be_v insist_v on_o never_o enjoy_v nor_o likely_a ever_o to_o be_v obtain_v second_o to_o pacify_v and_o allay_v those_o jealousy_n which_o dispose_v foreign_a prince_n upon_o all_o occasion_n to_o enter_v into_o confederacy_n prejudicial_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o england_n for_o as_o it_o have_v be_v the_o policy_n of_o france_n in_o this_o last_o age_n to_o lord_n spain_n with_o a_o imputation_n of_o affect_v a_o universal_a monarchy_n so_o it_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o holland_n to_o charge_n england_n with_o a_o affectation_n of_o a_o sea-monarchy_n to_o the_o belief_n of_o which_o we_o too_o unwary_o contribute_v and_o under_o this_o covert_a the_o dutch_a advance_v their_o own_o design_n as_o the_o french_a have_v do_v they_o under_o the_o former_a as_o to_o the_o method_n of_o this_o treatise_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o these_o four_o general_a head_n i._o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o what_o the_o true_a notion_n or_o idea_n of_o it_o be_v ii_o what_o thing_n be_v incident_a to_o this_o dominion_n and_o inseparable_o follow_v it_o iii_o what_o the_o salutation_n at_o sea_n by_o the_o flag_n and_o topsail_n signify_v and_o whether_o it_o have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o it_o iv_o the_o whole_a matter_n of_o fact_n betwixt_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o foreign_a prince_n and_o state_n in_o the_o several_a incident_n of_o sea-dominion_n be_v distinct_o examine_v and_o impartial_o report_v these_o general_a head_n contain_v several_a subdivision_n concern_v the_o quatuor_fw-la maria._n the_o law_n of_o oleron_n the_o roll_n in_o the_o tower_n de_fw-fr superioritate_fw-la maris_fw-la the_o fishery_n license_v and_o limit_v etc._n etc._n observation_n concern_v the_o dominion_n &_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n etc._n etc._n it_o have_v be_v learned_o argue_v on_o both_o side_n introduce_v how_o dominion_n be_v first_o introduce_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o just_a dominion_n or_o property_n in_o any_o sea_n for_o in_o the_o primitive_a and_o natural_a state_n of_o thing_n antecedent_n to_o humane_a fact_n and_o consent_n 1._o privata_fw-la nulla_fw-la naturâ_fw-la sed_fw-la aut_fw-la veteri_fw-la occupatiâ—ne_fw-la aut_fw-la etc._n etc._n cic._n de_fw-fr offic._n l._n 1._o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v common_a and_o undivided_a unto_o all_o mankind_n but_o then_o as_o it_o be_v common_a so_o it_o be_v without_o culture_n man_n live_v upon_o the_o spontaneous_a production_n of_o it_o in_o a_o easy_a and_o innocent_a but_o rude_a and_o simple_a manner_n their_o dwelling_n be_v tent_n their_o drink_n water_n their_o bread_n root_n and_o nut_n their_o clothing_n the_o bark_n of_o tree_n or_o skin_n of_o beast_n wherefore_o to_o better_v the_o condition_n of_o humane_a life_n 2._o nam_fw-la propriae_fw-la telluris_fw-la herum_fw-la natura_fw-la nec_fw-la illum_fw-la nec_fw-la i_o nec_fw-la quenquam_fw-la fecit_fw-la hor._n 2._o sat._n 2._o by_o the_o encouragement_n of_o ingenious_a art_n and_o industry_n consent_n either_o express_a or_o tacit_n introduce_v occupancy_n and_o property_n that_o every_o man_n may_v
fleet_n be_v ad_fw-la tutelam_fw-la maris_fw-la say_v suetonius_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o sea._n we_o ad_fw-la custodiam_fw-la say_v our_o record_n for_o the_o custody_n or_o safe_a keep_n it_o from_o be_v infest_a by_o pirate_n a_o trade_n frequent_a in_o former_a age_n among_o the_o northern_a people_n and_o consequent_o for_o secure_v the_o navigation_n and_o commerce_n of_o their_o subject_n and_o ally_n the_o two_o fleet_n do_v praesidere_fw-la italiam_fw-la say_v tacitus_n guard_n italy_n as_o a_o garrison_n town_n do_v a_o frontier_n we_o be_v also_o call_v nave_n praesidiariae_fw-la garrison-ship_n to_o guard_v the_o open_a shore_n and_o land_v place_n of_o a_o large_a island_n against_o the_o hostile_a insult_n and_o descent_n of_o foreigner_n they_o be_v our_o movable_a garrison_n our_o float_a castle_n fifty_o of_o which_o will_v defend_v a_o island_n better_o than_o five_o thousand_o stand_a one_o be_v build_v round_o the_o shore_n beside_o the_o two_o admiralty_n of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n the_o book_n of_o our_o municipal_a law_n make_v frequent_a mention_n of_o the_o quatuor_fw-la maria_n the_o four_o sea_n environ_v england_n to_o the_o east_n marit_fw-mi of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d marit_fw-mi west_n north_n and_o south_n for_o england_n as_o distinct_a from_o scotland_n be_v a_o peninsula_n bound_v on_o the_o north_n by_o a_o isthmus_n of_o land_n and_o the_o northern_a sea._n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o to_o be_v infra_fw-la or_o intra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la within_o the_o four_o sea_n be_v in_o construction_n of_o our_o law_n to_o be_v within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o to_o be_v extra_n quatuor_fw-la maria_n out_o of_o the_o four_o sea_n be_v equipollent_a to_o be_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v further_o note_v that_o not_o only_o he_o who_o be_v upon_o the_o land_n but_o he_o also_o who_o be_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o our_o law_n say_v to_o be_v intra_fw-la mare_fw-la within_o the_o sea_n because_o he_o have_v sea_n still_o before_o he_o till_o he_o be_v arrive_v on_o the_o opposite_a shoar_n and_o then_o and_o not_o till_o then_o he_o be_v extra_n mare_n out_o of_o the_o sea_n or_o beyond_o it_o and_o when_o a_o englishman_n be_v upon_o the_o other_o shoar_n he_o be_v then_o within_o the_o ligeance_n of_o another_o prince_n and_o therefore_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n but_o whilst_o upon_o the_o sea_n he_o be_v within_o the_o ligeance_n of_o his_o own_o prince_n and_o therefore_o within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n for_o england_n be_v not_o always_o take_v strict_o for_o the_o land_n of_o it_o in_o which_o sense_n the_o isle_n of_o jersey_n guernsey_n and_o mann_n be_v no_o part_n of_o england_n but_o sometime_o comprehensive_o for_o all_o the_o dominion_n of_o it_o and_o in_o legal_a understanding_n he_o be_v within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n who_o be_v within_o the_o local_a ligeance_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n the_o use_n our_o law_n make_v of_o this_o technical_a phrase_n or_o artisicial_a form_n of_o speech_n intra_fw-la or_o extra_fw-la quatuor_n maria_n within_z or_o without_o the_o four_o sea_n be_v this_o partly_o to_o essoin_fw-fr or_o excuse_v man_n from_o appearance_n in_o court_n upon_o writ_n of_o summons_n for_o if_o it_o can_v true_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o party_n summon_v be_v oultre_n la_fw-fr mâ—â—_n beyond_o the_o sea_n this_o be_v accept_v as_o a_o good_a esloin_n to_o save_v his_o desault_n but_o principal_o to_o be_v a_o certain_a and_o regulate_v distance_n within_o which_o our_o law_n will_v admit_v of_o some_o presumption_n which_o beyond_o that_o distance_n it_o will_v not_o for_o example_n if_o a_o husband_n be_v within_o the_o four_o sea_n 399._o cok._n on_o lit._n sect._n 399._o and_o his_o wiâ—e_n have_v issue_n the_o law_n presume_v the_o issue_n legitimate_a and_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o proof_n to_o bastardize_v the_o child_n because_o within_o so_o little_a a_o distance_n man_n and_o wife_n may_v clandestine_o come_v together_o and_o none_o can_v safe_o swear_v they_o do_v not_o but_o if_o the_o husband_n be_v out_o of_o the_o sour_a sea_n the_o law_n be_v otherwise_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 18._o edw._n 1._o a_o fine_a levy_v in_o the_o common_a bench_n conclude_v he_o who_o be_v within_o the_o sour_a sea_n if_o he_o put_v not_o in_o his_o claim_n within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n because_o the_o law_n presume_v he_o near_o enough_o to_o have_v timely_a notice_n of_o so_o solemn_a a_o act_n as_o a_o fine_a be_v and_o if_o he_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v foreclose_v for_o want_n of_o a_o action_n or_o entry_n impute_v it_o to_o his_o own_o neglect_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 4._o hen._n 7._o cap._n 24._o the_o sorementioned_a term_n of_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n be_v enlarge_v to_o five_o year_n and_o what_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o edw._n 1._o be_v say_v to_o be_v out_o of_o the_o four_o sea_n be_v in_o this_o of_o hen._n 7._o say_v to_o be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n as_o equipollent_a phrase_n and_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n case_n c._n 〈◊〉_d rep._n 〈◊〉_d case_n and_o it_o a_o man_n be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n what_o day_n a_o fine_a be_v levy_v though_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d public_a act_n the_o law_n suppose_v he_o not_o to_o have_v sufficient_a notice_n of_o a_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o interpose_v a_o exception_n to_o the_o save_n of_o his_o right_n and_o this_o be_v all_o which_o our_o law-book_n mean_v when_o they_o say_v 439._o co._n on_o littâ—_n sect._n 439._o the_o sea_n of_o england_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n as_o in_o the_o place_n quote_v in_o the_o margin_n but_o whether_o the_o sea_n be_v so_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n as_o to_o be_v part_n of_o the_o territorial_n property_n of_o it_o exclusive_o of_o all_o other_o kingdom_n and_o state_n that_o they_o meddle_v not_o with_o but_o to_o be_v within_o the_o sour_a sea_n and_o to_o be_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v as_o to_o some_o purpose_n in_o construction_n and_o intendment_n of_o our_o law_n one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n our_o law-book_n have_v many_o other_o phrase_n and_o expression_n of_o special_a use_n but_o yet_o do_v not_o reach_v the_o controvert_v point_n betwixt_o england_n and_o other_o nation_n as_o where_o it_o be_v say_v the_o sea_n be_v of_o the_o ligeance_n of_o the_o king_n and_o parcel_n of_o his_o crown_n of_o england_n le_fw-fr mer_n est_fw-la del_fw-it liegeance_n del_fw-it rey_n &_o parcel_n de_fw-fr son_fw-fr corone_n d'engleterre_fw-fr 439._o co._n 5._o rep._n sir_n hen._n corstable_n case_n 〈◊〉_d 108._o co._n on_o lattl_n sect_n 439._o and_o in_o another_o place_n it_o be_v say_v the_o sea_n of_o england_n be_v within_o the_o ligeance_n of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o his_o crown_n of_o england_n as_o to_o the_o king_n liegeance_n it_o stand_v thus_o in_o our_o law_n all_o native_n or_o natural-born_a subject_n or_o person_n bear_v within_o the_o king_n ligeance_n for_o these_o do_v tantamount_n wheresoever_o they_o be_v whether_o at_o sea_n or_o land_n in_o england_n or_o any_o foreign_a country_n quocunque_fw-la sub_fw-la axe_n they_o still_o owe_v a_o native_a or_o natural_a and_o inseparable_a faith_n and_o allegiance_n to_o their_o liege-lord_n the_o king._n whilst_o in_o england_n or_o upon_o the_o sea_n beside_o their_o natural_a ligeance_n they_o be_v within_o the_o local_a ligeance_n of_o their_o own_o sovereign_n an_o i_o under_o his_o immediate_a protection_n and_o defence_n but_o when_o within_o the_o dominion_n of_o a_o foreign_a prince_n though_o as_o to_o person_n they_o still_o retain_v faith_n to_o their_o natural_a sovereign_n yet_o as_o to_o place_n they_o be_v out_o of_o his_o actual_a obedience_n and_o within_o the_o protection_n of_o another_o which_o draw_v subjection_n along_o with_o it_o and_o make_v they_o the_o temporary_a local_a subject_n of_o that_o other_o prince_n and_o as_o this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o english_a man_n abroad_o so_o be_v it_o of_o alien_n here_o in_o england_n a_o child_n bear_v at_o sea_n in_o any_o of_o the_o king_n ship_n or_o other_o english_a vessel_n navigate_v by_o english_a master_n and_o crew_n be_v a_o native_a if_o bear_v upon_o the_o land_n of_o england_n in_o any_o fort_n or_o town_n possess_v by_o a_o enemy_n it_o be_v bear_v out_o of_o the_o â—ing's_n ligeance_n and_o therefore_o a_o alien_n 6._o co._n 7._o pep_v 〈◊〉_d case_n foâ—_n 6._o but_o whereas_o it_o be_v say_v the_o sea_n be_v within_o the_o liegeance_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v extensive_o of_o the_o ligeance_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n that_o it_o reach_v to_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o land_n not_o exclusive_o of_o the_o ligeance_n of_o
stand_v on_o both_o side_n upon_o a_o equal_a foot_n both_o lord_n equal_o give_v and_o take_v a_o undisturbed_a liberty_n for_o their_o respective_a tenant_n this_o i_o humble_o conceive_v be_v good_a evidence_n that_o the_o fishery_n lie_v common_a to_o both_o manor_n suppose_v again_o this_o lake_n to_o be_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o two_o manor_n to_o be_v two_o kingdom_n and_o the_o case_n will_v still_o be_v the_o same_o none_o of_o our_o league_n and_o treaty_n make_v either_o with_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n or_o with_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n since_o the_o union_n of_o those_o two_o house_n or_o with_o the_o state_n general_n since_o their_o disunion_n from_o both_o have_v ever_o reserve_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n any_o annual_a payment_n fee-farm_n or_o consideration_n for_o their_o liberty_n of_o fish_v in_o our_o sea_n a_o certain_a sum_n be_v never_o agree_v a_o uncertain_a one_o can_v never_o be_v demand_v and_o yet_o sir_n john_n borough_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n say_v that_o philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n obtain_v of_o queen_n mary_n his_o wise_a licence_n for_o his_o subject_n to_o fish_n upon_o the_o north_n coast_n of_o ireland_n they_o pay_v yearly_a for_o the_o same_o one_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a which_o be_v according_o pay_v into_o the_o exchequer_n of_o ireland_n but_o instead_o of_o a_o authentic_a record_n he_o vouch_v only_o the_o hearsay_n of_o sir_n edward_n fitton_n son_n to_o sir_n henry_n fitton_n sometime_o treasurer_n of_o ireland_n who_o he_o say_v have_v often_o testify_v it_o this_o may_v the_o rather_o be_v suspect_v of_o mistake_n 1602._o annal._n eliz._n an._n 1602._o because_o mr._n cambden_n relate_v how_o that_o queen_n elizabeth_n have_v send_v four_o ambassador_n whereof_o one_o be_v principal_a secretary_n of_o state_n and_o not_o light_o to_o be_v suppose_v ignorant_a of_o such_o a_o affair_n to_o treat_v at_o bremen_n with_o the_o ambassador_n of_o denmark_n upon_o complaint_n of_o that_o king_n be_v forbid_v foreigner_n the_o freedom_n of_o fish_v betwixt_o norway_n and_o iseland_n both_o appertain_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n the_o queen_n ambassador_n open_o affirm_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v in_o no_o time_n forbid_v the_o freedom_n of_o fish_v in_o the_o irish_a sea_n albeit_o they_o be_v lord_n of_o both_o bank_n the_o say_a mr._n cambden_n in_o his_o description_n of_o the_o north-riding_a of_o yorkshire_n speak_v of_o scarborow-castle_n say_v that_o the_o hollander_n and_o zelander_n take_v wonderful_a quantity_n of_o herring_n upon_o this_o coast_n cùm_fw-la veniam_fw-la priùs_fw-la veteri_fw-la instituto_fw-la ex_fw-la hoc_fw-la castro_n impetraverint_fw-la whereas_o they_o be_v wont_a by_o ancient_a use_n to_o ask_v leave_n first_o of_o the_o castle_n for_o say_v he_o the_o english_a always_o give_v leave_v to_o fish_n reserve_v that_o honour_n to_o themselves_o but_o slothful_o resign_v the_o profit_n to_o other_o but_o all_o this_o while_n he_o quote_v no_o authority_n neither_o nor_o direct_v we_o to_o any_o original_a record_n where_o we_o may_v consult_v the_o plain_a truth_n of_o the_o case_n perhaps_o what_o he_o historical_o call_v ask_v leave_n be_v but_o give_v notice_n of_o their_o arrival_n and_o acquaint_v the_o governor_n who_o they_o be_v and_o what_o their_o business_n be_v upon_o the_o coast_n lest_o under_o the_o disguise_n of_o fisherman_n pirate_n and_o enemy_n may_v privy_o hide_v themselves_o and_o probable_o he_o by_o his_o civility_n to_o the_o fisherman_n may_v make_v some_o perquisit_n and_o profit_n to_o his_o place_n by_o permit_v they_o as_o occasion_v require_v to_o dry_v their_o net_n ashore_o to_o fetch_v victual_v or_o fresh_a water_n from_o land_n to_o fish_v within_o the_o havens_n and_o bays_n where_o common_o the_o best_a feed_v fish_n be_v take_v but_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o the_o governor_n of_o scarborow_n have_v so_o indefinite_a a_o power_n as_o to_o enable_v he_o to_o give_v leave_n upon_o bare_a ask_v without_o any_o further_a condition_n or_o consideration_n to_o all_o foreigner_n to_o fish_v at_o pleasure_n within_o the_o royalty_n of_o the_o crown_n however_o it_o be_v too_o manifest_a that_o no_o prince_n nor_o state_n do_v ever_o pay_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n any_o yearly_a sum_n of_o money_n or_o other_o valuable_a consideration_n for_o the_o liberty_n of_o their_o subject_n fish_v upon_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n for_o have_v such_o sum_n be_v pay_v it_o will_v have_v pass_v into_o the_o account_n of_o the_o exchequer_n as_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o royal_a revenue_n and_o there_o remain_v upon_o record_n as_o for_o the_o case_n of_o my_o lord_n of_o northumberland_n in_o the_o year_n 1636_o that_o be_v extraordinary_a and_o will_v not_o pass_v for_o a_o precedent_n the_o dutch_a buss_n be_v then_o require_v by_o the_o english_a admiral_n to_o take_v licence_n from_o he_o for_o fish_v in_o the_o northern_a sea_n and_o to_o pay_v moderate_a rate_n for_o the_o obtain_v those_o licence_n which_o they_o do_v to_o redeem_v themselves_o from_o the_o forcible_a molestation_n of_o a_o well-appointed_a fleet._n so_o that_o this_o be_v the_o compulsory_a act_n of_o private_a person_n not_o the_o voluntary_a act_n of_o the_o states-general_n who_o be_v so_o far_o from_o consent_v to_o what_o be_v do_v that_o they_o make_v remonstrance_n and_o complaint_n of_o this_o proceed_v by_o their_o ambassador_n here_o in_o england_n and_o as_o it_o appear_v not_o by_o the_o record_n of_o the_o exchequer_n that_o any_o recompense_n be_v give_v by_o foreigner_n for_o liberty_n of_o fish_v within_o our_o sea_n so_o neither_o do_v it_o appear_v by_o any_o the_o public_a treaty_n that_o the_o subject_n of_o any_o foreign_a prince_n shall_v ask_v leave_n for_o so_o do_v by_o stipulation_n and_o contract_n though_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o have_v it_o without_o pay_v any_o thing_n only_o by_o the_o bare_a ask_n to_o keep_v in_o memory_n a_o perpetual_a acknowledgement_n of_o a_o beneficiary_n grant_v derive_v from_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n as_o supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o fee._n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o treaty_n caution_n for_o a_o liberty_n of_o fish_v absque_fw-la licentia_fw-la without_o any_o leave_n or_o licence_n first_o to_o be_v ask_v and_o yet_o england_n have_v ask_v leave_n and_o covenant_v so_o to_o do_v of_o a_o foreign_a crown_n i_o will_v not_o have_v mention_v this_o have_v it_o be_v a_o secret_a but_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n public_a and_o in_o print_n by_o treaty_n make_v and_o conclude_v in_o the_o year_n 1490_o betwixt_o henry_n the_o seven_o of_o england_n and_o john_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n which_o treaty_n be_v afterward_o renew_v betwixt_o our_o henry_n the_o eight_o and_o their_o christiern_n the_o second_o anno_fw-la 1523._o it_o be_v mutual_o covenant_v that_o the_o liegeman_n merchant_n and_o fisherman_n of_o england_n shall_v fish_n and_o traffic_n upon_o the_o northern_a sea_n betwixt_o norwey_n and_o iseland_n 16â—0_n v._o cambd._n annal_n ad_fw-la an._n 16â—0_n but_o under_o a_o proviso_n of_o first_o ask_v leave_n and_o renew_v their_o licence_n from_o seven_o year_n to_o seven_o year_n de_fw-fr septâ—unio_n in_o septennium_fw-la from_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o nâ—rwey_n and_o their_o successor_n they_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o treaty_n but_o as_o navigation_n enlarge_v and_o england_n grow_v more_o opulent_a in_o trade_n and_o posent_v at_o sea_n all_o this_o be_v go_v into_o utter_a disuse_n and_o discontinuance_n and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n may_v with_o better_a right_n prohibit_v the_o subject_n of_o denmâ—k_n from_o pass_v the_o english_a sea_n or_o channel_n without_o special_a licence_n first_o obtain_v than_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n can_v the_o subject_n of_o england_n from_o pass_v the_o northern_a sea_n betwixt_o dâ—â—â—ark_n and_o iseland_n there_o be_v a_o record_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o which_o mr._n selden_n quote_v out_o of_o a_o parliament_n role_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o be_v very_o remarkable_a it_o be_v a_o grant_n in_o parliament_n of_o a_o imposition_n according_a to_o certain_a rate_n and_o proportion_n upon_o all_o vessel_n pass_v or_o fish_v within_o the_o admiralty_n of_o the_o north_n viz._n upon_o the_o sea_n northwards_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o thames_n the_o rate_n be_v as_o follow_v 1._o to_o take_v of_o every_o ship_n go_v and_o come_v upon_o that_o sea_n six_o penny_n a_o tun_n for_o the_o voyage_n 2._o to_o take_v of_o every_o vessel_n fish_v for_o herring_n six_o penny_n a_o tun_n by_o the_o week_n 3._o to_o take_v of_o vessel_n fish_v for_o other_o fish_n six_o penny_n a_o tun_n for_o every_o three_o week_n 4._o of_o ship_n lade_v at_o newcastle_n with_o coal_n six_o penny_n a_o tun_n for_o every_o three_o month_n 5._o to_o take_v of_o all_o