Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	act_n	parliament_n	year_n	3,743	5	4.9359	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A07552	The customers replie. Or Second apologie That is to say, an aunswer to a confused treatise of publicke commerce, printed and dispersed at Midlebourghe and London, in fauour of the priuate Society of Merchants-Aduenturers. By a more serious discourse of exchange in merchandise, and merchandising exchange. Written for vnderstanding readers onely, in fauour of all loyall merchants, and for the aduancing of traffick in England.	Milles, Tho. (Thomas), 1550?-1627?	1604 (1604)	STC 17932; ESTC S114604	32,899	48

trade_n of_o merchandise_n and_o buy_v and_o sell_v whereby_o they_o have_v be_v and_o may_v be_v profitable_a and_o commodious_a to_o there_o common_a wealth_n and_o to_o follow_v this_o filthy_a unlawful_a and_o too_o far_o exceed_v gain_n and_o lucre_n of_o practise_v wicked_a vsurary_n chap_a and_o change_v of_o money_n and_o all_o for_o the_o hope_n they_o conceive_v thereby_o to_o obtain_v and_o get_v both_o a_o more_o abundant_a and_o certain_a gain_n and_o that_o also_o with_o less_o labour_n charge_n peril_n and_o adventure_n chap._n x._o how_n &_o by_o who_o the_o practise_n of_o the_o merchandise_v exchange_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o excessive_a price_n in_o commodity_n &_o thing_n vendible_a to_o the_o prevent_n and_o pervert_v of_o all_o lawful_a traffic_n and_o orderly_o deal_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n the_o necessity_n of_o conserve_n a_o equality_n in_o contract_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o a_o fit_a mean_n for_o the_o exportation_n and_o importation_n of_o thing_n necessary_a and_o commodious_a for_o a_o common_a wealth_n have_v cause_v all_o wise_a &_o politic_a ruler_n of_o region_n and_o country_n to_o judge_v the_o use_n of_o coin_a money_n sign_v with_o some_o public_a figure_n note_n and_o carrect_v to_o be_v the_o most_o convenient_a thing_n that_o can_v be_v devise_v in_o like_a manner_n have_v it_o be_v judge_v and_o think_v no_o less_o expedient_a and_o necessary_a by_o all_o such_o wise_a and_o experience_a man_n that_o the_o same_o coin_n and_o money_n shall_v have_v their_o indication_n valuation_n price_n and_o estimation_n only_o by_o public_a ruler_n &_o common_a authority_n of_o every_o common_a wealth_n from_o the_o which_o no_o private_a person_n order_n or_o society_n in_o the_o same_o may_v or_o aught_o to_o swerve_v or_o vary_v nor_o alter_v under_o capital_a pain_n forsomuch_o as_o the_o say_v public_a valuation_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o essential_a part_n whereby_o any_o kind_n of_o matter_n substance_n or_o mettle_n be_v receive_v and_o accept_v for_o money_n and_o for_o a_o lawful_a mean_a to_o buy_v &_o sell_v withal_o in_o every_o well_o order_v common_a wealth_n and_o whereas_o the_o valuation_n of_o this_o common_a and_o lawful_a mean_n of_o price_n be_v not_o well_o know_v or_o not_o worthy_o accept_v straight_o &_o due_o observe_v of_o all_o manner_n of_o person_n society_n and_o order_n there_o do_v experience_n teach_v that_o thereof_o follow_v confusion_n and_o disorder_n with_o excessive_a and_o immoderate_a price_n in_o the_o commutation_n of_o all_o thing_n vendible_a in_o the_o common_a wealth_n as_o for_o example_n when_o a_o prince_n or_o ruler_n of_o any_o country_n do_v decry_v and_o disallow_v any_o kind_n of_o coin_n and_o money_n which_o he_o have_v suffer_v before_o time_n to_o be_v currant_n at_o a_o certain_a price_n and_o valuation_n throughout_o his_o realm_n the_o same_o coin_n immediate_o as_o it_o be_v so_o decry_v lese_v the_o estimation_n it_o have_v before_o and_o be_v of_o no_o value_n to_o buy_v any_o kind_n of_o ware_n with_o among_o all_o the_o common_a people_n of_o the_o same_o realm_n so_o that_o few_o or_o none_o will_v receive_v the_o say_a money_n for_o any_o manner_n of_o ware_n though_o one_o will_v offer_v it_o at_o much_o low_a price_n than_o it_o be_v before_o currant_n for_o and_o if_o it_o chance_v any_o do_v bargain_n to_o take_v it_o they_o will_v raise_v and_o enhance_v the_o price_n of_o the_o ware_n they_o utter_v much_o above_o the_o ordinary_a price_n thereof_o &_o all_o because_o it_o lack_v their_o prince_n and_o common_a valuation_n of_o their_o country_n in_o like_a manner_n do_v the_o common_a people_n of_o all_o country_n esteem_v foreign_a strange_a and_o unknown_a coin_n bring_v unto_o they_o not_o value_v by_o the_o common_a authority_n of_o their_o country_n how_o fine_a and_o pure_a soever_o the_o matter_n or_o mettle_n of_o they_o be_v only_o as_o be_v say_v before_o for_o lack_v the_o public_a valuation_n of_o the_o country_n whereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o prince_n and_o public_a valuation_n of_o money_n be_v of_o so_o great_a efficacy_n and_o authority_n in_o every_o civil_a common_a wealth_n that_o not_o only_o it_o make_v it_o a_o mean_a to_o buy_v thing_n withal_o but_o also_o it_o preserve_v a_o moderation_n equality_n and_o indifferency_n in_o the_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n so_o buy_v and_o sell_v between_o party_n and_o party_n therefore_o be_v the_o say_a valuation_n solemn_o and_o as_o a_o man_n may_v say_v religious_o to_o be_v keep_v and_o observe_v of_o all_o manner_n of_o sort_n of_o person_n in_o a_o common_a wealth_n and_o the_o alterar_n &_o changer_n of_o the_o same_o by_o their_o private_a authority_n be_v worthy_o to_o be_v reprehend_v and_o reprove_v how_o crafty_o and_o subtle_o soever_o they_o do_v it_o for_o the_o manifold_a inconvenience_n they_o thereby_o bring_v into_o their_o country_n with_o a_o number_n of_o which_o the_o common_a wealth_n of_o england_n be_v sore_o trouble_v at_o this_o day_n through_o the_o frequent_a practise_v of_o merchandise_v exchange_n by_o the_o two_o society_n of_o merchant_n staplerer_n and_o adventurer_n of_o england_n between_o their_o own_o country_n and_o the_o mart_a town_n of_o flanders_n with_o slight_n craft_n and_o subtlety_n continual_o thereby_o alter_v the_o price_n and_o valuation_n of_o their_o prince_n coin_n by_o the_o occasion_n whereof_o all_o manner_n of_o ware_n and_o commodity_n only_o sell_v in_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v bring_v and_o grow_v to_o such_o inordinate_a and_o excessive_a price_n as_o they_o bear_v at_o this_o day_n for_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o premise_n this_o reason_n may_v be_v first_o make_v afore_o this_o merchandize_v exchange_n be_v practise_v by_o the_o english_a merchant_n stapler_n and_o adventurer_n between_o the_o marting-towne_n of_o flaunders_n brabant_n &_o their_o own_o country_n in_o the_o traffic_n of_o merchandise_n to_o and_o fro_o no_o person_n complain_v upon_o any_o manner_n of_o merchandise_n or_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n nor_o of_o foreign_a realm_n bring_v into_o england_n do_v at_o any_o time_n grow_v or_o arise_v to_o inordinate_a or_o excessive_a price_n yet_o be_v the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n abundant_o &_o plentiful_o yea_o more_o liberal_o export_v and_o transport_v into_o all_o foreign_a country_n then_o at_o this_o day_n but_o there_o be_v not_o in_o those_o day_n so_o many_o foreign_a ware_n bring_v in_o again_o into_o the_o realm_n as_o be_v at_o this_o day_n for_o from_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o famous_a king_n edward_n the_o three_o in_o who_o day_n the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n begin_v chief_o to_o be_v exercise_v in_o england_n unto_o the_o end_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o which_o be_v the_o space_n of_o above_o 150._o year_n act_n of_o parliament_n be_v provide_v thereby_o force_v all_o manner_n of_o man_n that_o occupy_v and_o fold_v the_o ware_n and_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o foreign_a merchant_n to_o raise_v and_o keep_v up_o the_o price_n of_o they_o and_o penalty_n lay_v upon_o those_o which_o go_v about_o to_o diminish_v and_o bring_v down_o the_o price_n of_o they_o and_o in_o all_o this_o space_n of_o time_n not_o only_a wool_n and_o felles_n sea_n staple_n wont_a to_o be_v always_o in_o england_n and_o not_o beyond_o sea_n be_v staple_n ware_n at_o calais_n and_o other_o staple-towne_n in_o england_n and_o at_o length_n broad-cloth_n transport_v into_o flaunders_n and_o brabant_n but_o all_o other_o manner_n of_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o leather_n lead_v tin_n butter_n and_o cheese_n commonwealth_n free_a transportation_n of_o home_n commodity_n natural_a for_o traffic_n &_o beneficial_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v staple-ware_n and_o free_o only_o pay_v the_o king_n custom_n for_o they_o carry_v &_o export_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n into_o all_o foreign_a realm_n but_o since_o these_o two_o society_n of_o english_a marting-merchant_n practise_v the_o merchandise_v exchange_n have_v make_v the_o export_n and_o transport_v of_o the_o commodity_n and_o merchandize_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o the_o staple_n of_o calais_n &_o marting-towne_n ☞_o of_o brabant_n a_o private_a trade_n to_o themselves_o the_o prince_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v be_v constrain_v to_o restrain_v and_o prohibit_v not_o only_o the_o go_v out_o of_o certain_a of_o the_o aforesaid_a commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o also_o have_v be_v compel_v to_o study_v and_o devise_v mean_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o bring_v &_o keep_v down_o the_o price_n as_o well_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o of_o all_o foreign_a realm_n therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v conclude_v that_o merchandize_v exchange_n and_o the_o practise_v thereof_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o this_o great_a inconveniency_n and_o mischief_n

reign_v in_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n by_o the_o reason_n whereof_o all_o thing_n be_v grow_v to_o excessive_a price_n also_o since_o these_o two_o aforesaid_a company_n of_o english_a merchant_n usurp_v these_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n to_o themselves_o that_o the_o one_o of_o they_o shall_v transport_v only_a staple_n ware_n to_o the_o staple_n of_o calais_n and_o the_o other_o broad-cloth_n england_n note_v staple-towne_n be_v call_v mart-towne_n begin_v the_o decay_n of_o trade_n &_o town_n in_o england_n with_o such_o other_o commodity_n unto_o the_o marting-towne_n of_o brabant_n the_o most_o part_n of_o all_o the_o good_a town_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n have_v decay_v and_o come_v to_o ruin_n which_o partly_o have_v come_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o reason_n that_o many_o kind_n of_o artificer_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o inhabit_v the_o say_v town_n maintain_v and_o make_v the_o prosperous_a by_o such_o artificial_o as_o they_o make_v there_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o these_o two_o fraternity_n of_o marting-merchant_n be_v utter_o destroy_v &_o consume_v for_o that_o they_o be_v notable_a at_o length_n to_o live_v by_o their_o art_n and_o labour_n these_o foresaid_a merchant_n devise_v and_o cause_v the_o like_a artificial_o as_o the_o say_a artificer_n make_v in_o england_n to_o be_v make_v in_o foreign_a country_n and_o be_v by_o they_o bring_v and_o transport_v into_o england_n and_o sell_v better_a cheap_a somewhat_o &_o low_o price_v then_o those_o of_o english_a make_v may_v be_v aford_v through_o which_o occasion_n the_o english_a artificer_n in_o continuance_n be_v wear_v out_o because_o none_o be_v bring_v up_o under_o other_o to_o follow_v their_o say_a art_n &_o workmanship_n that_o they_o exercise_v forsomuch_o as_o they_o perceive_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o live_v by_o such_o kind_n of_o labour_n in_o time_n to_o come_v because_o the_o foreign_a workmanship_n be_v more_o regard_v and_o soon_o buy_v than_o they_o partly_o also_o they_o have_v be_v the_o destruction_n decay_n and_o ruin_n of_o the_o say_a town_n by_o take_v away_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o staple_n from_o the_o say_a town_n for_o the_o utterance_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o all_o the_o time_n traffic_n staple_n town_n always_o within_o england_n make_v the_o realm_n full_a of_o traffic_n from_o edward_n the_o three_o to_o the_o end_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o be_v keep_v in_o good_a town_n of_o england_n or_o at_o least_o ship_v from_o they_o when_o the_o staple_n be_v keep_v at_o calais_n by_o the_o occasion_n whereof_o there_o be_v so_o great_a resort_n of_o people_n unto_o the_o say_a town_n that_o thereby_o they_o be_v enrich_v and_o daily_o prosper_v and_o flourish_v wheresince_o for_o lack_v of_o like_a resort_n and_o traffic_n and_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o foresay_a artificer_n they_o be_v altogethers_o ruinous_a and_o decay_a and_o never_o like_v to_o be_v restore_v so_o long_o as_o these_o merchant_n enjoy_v their_o usurp_a liberty_n moreover_o since_o these_o two_o society_n of_o english_a merchant_n usurp_v unto_o they_o the_o private_a exportation_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n bullion_n the_o hindrance_n of_o bring_v in_o of_o bullion_n the_o liberal_a usual_a and_o daily_o bring_v in_o of_o bullion_n into_o the_o realm_n by_o foreign_a merchant_n out_o of_o all_o foreign_a realm_n to_o buy_v the_o commodity_n of_o england_n have_v decay_v and_o cease_v and_o severe_a and_o great_a punishment_n and_o penalty_n be_v provide_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o such_o foreign_a realm_n against_o all_o they_o which_o shall_v attempt_v the_o convey_v of_o any_o such_o thing_n out_o of_o their_o realm_n into_o england_n where_o in_o time_n pass_v they_o most_o glad_o suffer_v and_o concent_v unto_o it_o for_o that_o it_o be_v open_o know_v to_o all_o prince_n and_o ruler_n of_o commonwealth_n in_o christendom_n that_o what_o kind_n of_o merchant_n soever_o england_n staples_n ever_o keep_v within_o england_n resort_v into_o england_n to_o the_o staple-towne_n for_o the_o and_o carry_v away_o of_o the_o commodity_n &_o merchandise_n thereof_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n and_o order_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o pay_v for_o they_o at_o the_o say_a staple_n in_o ready_a gold_n and_o silver_n afore_o their_o departure_n from_o thence_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o diverse_a act_n make_v in_o diverse_a king_n day_n from_o edward_n the_o three_o unto_o the_o end_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o and_o therefore_o at_o that_o time_n be_v all_o prince_n well_o content_v to_o suffer_v their_o merchant_n to_o carry_v their_o coin_n and_o bullion_n into_o england_n which_o manner_n of_o traffic_n continue_v between_o england_n and_o all_o other_o realm_n till_o that_o these_o merchant_n become_v to_o be_v a_o private_a society_n and_o so_o within_o a_o while_n after_o compound_v &_o agree_v with_o the_o merchant_n of_o holland_n zealand_n brabant_n flanders_n and_o other_o country_n thereabouts_o which_o be_v the_o buyer_n of_o the_o staple-ware_n to_o receive_v their_o money_n for_o such_o staple-ware_n as_o the_o say_v stapler_n sell_v they_o at_o calais_n in_o flemish_a money_n at_o the_o mart_a town_n of_o their_o own_o country_n rate_v set_v and_o value_v the_o english_a pound_n at_o a_o certain_a stint_a price_n of_o flemish_a money_n for_o ever_o thereafter_o to_o be_v pay_v unto_o they_o after_o the_o say_a price_n which_o be_v a_o drift_n drive_v of_o the_o say_v stapler_n of_o england_n to_o bring_v to_o pass_v this_o exchange_v traffic_n to_o the_o intent_n they_o may_v make_v the_o return_n of_o their_o money_n from_o thence_o into_o england_n by_o merchandise_v exchange_n whereby_o they_o make_v a_o reckon_n much_o more_o to_o their_o private_a gain_n and_o lucre_n then_o to_o be_v pay_v in_o ready_a money_n at_o the_o staple_n of_o calais_n or_o any_o place_n of_o england_n according_a to_o the_o old_a custom_n although_o that_o manner_n of_o payment_n be_v much_o more_o beneficial_a and_o commodious_a for_o the_o common_a wealth_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n which_o they_o pass_v not_o upon_o neither_o yet_o do_v so_o they_o may_v gain_v and_o get_v money_n and_o thus_o the_o fair_a lady_n merchandise_v exchange_n entice_v and_o allure_v the_o merchant_n adventurer_n of_o england_n england_n staple_n call_v mart_n town_n a_o deceptio_fw-la visus_fw-la to_o turn_v all_o traffic_n beyond_o sea_n to_o the_o ruin_n of_o england_n to_o procure_v themselves_o in_o fraternity_n and_o to_o seek_v mean_n to_o plant_v their_o mart_a town_n in_o a_o foreign_a realm_n and_o country_n for_o the_o utterance_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n because_o they_o may_v make_v their_o return_n and_o employment_n from_o thence_o into_o englang_n by_o the_o reckon_n of_o money_n currant_n in_o the_o say_v merchandise_v exchange_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n cease_v and_o end_v the_o frank_a and_o free_a bring_v in_o of_o money_n &_o bullion_n into_o england_n by_o foreign_a and_o strange_a merchant_n after_o the_o english_a merchant_n have_v nussele_v themselves_o in_o the_o mart_a town_n beyond_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o now_o a_o day_n no_o money_n or_o bullion_n be_v bring_v into_o england_n by_o merchant_n but_o secret_o and_o as_o it_o be_v by_o stealth_n and_o for_o the_o respect_n of_o private_a gain_n and_o profit_n which_o they_o find_v thereby_o after_o the_o reckon_n they_o make_v thereof_o by_o currantnes_n of_o money_n in_o their_o merchandise_v exchange_n item_n when_o it_o please_v that_o famous_a prince_n eight_o henry_n the_o eight_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o upon_o good_a consideration_n and_o purpose_n and_o for_o the_o great_a benefit_n of_o his_o people_n and_o common_a wealth_n to_o augment_v and_o increase_v the_o valuation_n and_o price_n of_o his_o coin_n and_o money_n throughout_o all_o his_o realm_n within_o a_o little_a process_n and_o countinuance_n of_o time_n after_o it_o chance_v by_o the_o malice_n and_o wickedness_n of_o man_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o corrupt_a and_o drossy_a coin_n of_o money_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n out_o of_o foreign_a country_n by_o the_o ministry_n of_o merchant_n as_o it_o have_v be_v suppose_v think_v and_o gather_v by_o certain_a cercumstance_n which_o money_n be_v currant_n as_o well_o as_o the_o true_a and_o lawful_a money_n among_o all_o manner_n of_o person_n within_o the_o realm_n by_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o likeness_n of_o the_o fashion_n and_o form_n that_o it_o have_v with_o the_o true_a and_o lawful_a money_n cause_v many_o inconvenience_n to_o rise_v thereby_o at_o length_n to_o the_o whole_a common_a wealth_n for_o such_o a_o marvellous_a desire_n and_o hastynes_n enter_v into_o all_o kind_n of_o occupier_n by_o the_o loathsomeness_n and_o hatred_n they_o conceive_v of_o the_o say_a dross_n coin_n to_o bestow_v it_o

their_o exchange_v money_n than_o the_o prince_n allow_v it_o to_o be_v worth_a of_o his_o value_a money_n which_o be_v never_o see_v before_o these_o day_n for_o see_v their_o exchange_v money_n be_v worse_a by_o 6._o penny_n &_o 12._o penny_n in_o a_o pound_n than_o the_o prince_n value_v money_n why_o shall_v not_o more_o thereof_o be_v give_v and_o allow_v for_o the_o english_a pound_n then_o of_o value_a money_n according_a as_o it_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o be_v ever_o here_o before_o when_o the_o prince_n of_o that_o country_n allow_v 26_o sh_n 8._o penny_n of_o his_o value_a money_n for_o the_o english_a pound_n therefore_o that_o the_o queen_n majesty_n may_v be_v exonerate_v of_o so_o great_a loss_n when_o her_o affair_n do_v require_v the_o foresay_a mean_n to_o provide_v money_n and_o to_o the_o end_n some_o way_n of_o reformation_n may_v also_o be_v provide_v for_o the_o redress_v of_o the_o excessive_a price_n that_o special_o all_o foreign_a ware_n be_v sell_v for_o in_o england_n the_o foresay_a merchant_n stapler_n and_o adventurer_n will_v be_v by_o some_o order_n compel_v to_o bring_v the_o english_a pound_n to_o this_o aforesaid_a just_a price_n &_o valuation_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v in_o their_o unjust_a and_o poll_n exchange_n &_o then_o shall_v they_o bring_v the_o sales_n of_o their_o commodity_n at_o the_o mart_a town_n to_o be_v sell_v at_o 26._o and_o 27._o ss_z flemish_a and_o upward_o for_o the_o english_a pound_n for_o the_o sales_n of_o their_o ware_n must_v be_v 2_o sh_n in_o a_o pound_n above_o the_o price_n it_o have_v in_o their_o merchandise_v exchange_n or_o else_o shall_v they_o make_v no_o reckon_n to_o live_v by_o and_o so_o after_o this_o reckon_n raise_v the_o price_n of_o their_o exchange_n shall_v they_o be_v able_a to_o sell_v in_o england_n and_o afford_v all_o foreign_a commodity_n 25._o in_o the_o hundred_o better_a cheap_a and_o under_o the_o price_n they_o sell_v they_o now_o a_o day_n which_o reckon_v shall_v induce_v some_o manner_n of_o reformation_n in_o the_o disordinate_a price_n which_o all_o ware_n bear_v at_o this_o day_n to_o the_o great_a ease_n of_o all_o the_o common_a wealth_n after_o the_o same_o sort_n when_o the_o say_v marting-merchant_n venture_v into_o spain_n although_o they_o can_v devise_v no_o such_o way_n and_o mean_n to_o practice_v their_o exchange_n thither_o as_o they_o do_v to_o there_o marting-towne_n yet_o by_o the_o example_n thereof_o they_o occupy_v in_o that_o country_n as_o subtle_a practice_n and_o as_o injurious_a and_o hurtful_a to_o the_o common_a wealth_n of_o their_o country_n as_o their_o exchange_n for_o when_o they_o bestow_v xx_o noble_n in_o the_o commodity_n of_o england_n to_o be_v transport_v into_o spain_n at_o the_o come_n thither_o withal_o they_o make_v not_o their_o reckon_n to_o sell_v their_o ware_n to_o make_v their_o english_a money_n good_a again_o in_o spanish_a money_n that_o be_v to_o make_v of_o every_o english_a noble_a 15._o rial_n of_o plate_n and_o of_o every_o 5_o sh_n english_a 11._o rial_n or_o a_o single_a ducat_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v to_o make_v of_o every_o pound_n worth_a of_o english_a ware_n 4._o ducat_n in_o spanish_a money_n but_o they_o make_v their_o reckon_n to_o sell_v their_o ware_n there_o as_o the_o ducat_n be_v value_v in_o england_n when_o the_o coin_n and_o money_n of_o england_n be_v most_o base_a and_o drossy_a after_o the_o reckon_n they_o make_v of_o a_o english_a noble_a but._n 11._o rial_n or_o a_o single_a ducat_n in_o spain_n so_o where_o they_o shall_v sell_v the_o 20._o nobles_z english_z for_o 26._o or_o 27._o ducat_n spanish_n if_o they_o be_v profitable_a merchant_n for_o their_o country_n with_o some_o gain_n towards_o their_o charge_n they_o content_v themselves_o now_o a_o day_n rather_o than_o fail_v to_o make_v of_o the_o 20._o nobles_z english_z but_o 20._o ducat_n spanish_n and_o so_o turn_v the_o matter_n clean_o contrary_a devise_v aforehand_o at_o their_o return_v home_o into_o england_n to_o make_v by_o the_o sales_n of_o such_o spanish_a ware_n as_o they_o bring_v into_o england_n not_o only_o 20._o nobles_z english_z of_o 20._o ducat_n spanish_n but_o within_o these_o few_o year_n they_o have_v price_v spanish_a ware_n after_o such_o sort_n that_o they_o have_v ☞_o make_v of_o every_o spanish_a single_a ducat_n between_o 8._o and_o 10_o sh_n english_a which_o unreasonable_a reckon_n they_o be_v most_o diligent_a to_o make_v when_o the_o english_a pound_n be_v most_o vile_o price_v in_o their_o merchandise_v exchange_n and_o that_o be_v always_o at_o such_o time_n as_o when_o either_o the_o queen_n majesty_n that_o now_o be_v or_o any_o of_o she_o ☞_o prodecessor_n be_v most_o studious_a by_o the_o abolish_n of_o the_o say_v drossy_a and_o base_a coin_n then_o currant_n to_o have_v bring_v down_o the_o excessive_a price_n by_o their_o subtlety_n raise_v upon_o all_o thing_n in_o england_n for_o at_o such_o time_n the_o say_v mart_a merchant_n have_v always_o think_v best_a and_o most_o fit_a to_o take_v occasion_n to_o raise_v and_o enhance_v the_o price_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o thing_n in_o their_o own_o country_n to_o the_o intent_n thereby_o to_o decline_v and_o avoid_v the_o loss_n that_o shall_v be_v bear_v by_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o coin_n &_o money_n and_o therewithal_o do_v they_o venture_v most_o busy_o their_o own_o country_n commodity_n into_o spain_n in_o great_a number_n than_o ever_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v before_o and_o all_o because_o of_o this_o new_a manner_n of_o reckon_n to_o make_v of_o every_o spanish_a ducat_n 8._o or_o 10_o sh_n english_a in_o the_o sales_n of_o those_o country_n ware_n through_o which_o occasion_n they_o have_v also_o raise_v the_o commodity_n of_o that_o country_n to_o double_a and_o treble_a the_o price_n that_o ever_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v sell_v for_o in_o spain_n insomuch_o that_o the_o wise_a and_o discreet_a man_n of_o that_o country_n wish_v that_o the_o mart_a merchant_n may_v be_v keep_v from_o the_o trade_n of_o that_o country_n two_o or_o three_o year_n together_o note_n note_n for_o than_o they_o say_v that_o the_o wine_n of_o those_o part_n will_v not_o be_v much_o more_o worth_a than_o the_o cask_n they_o be_v put_v in_o and_o so_o likewise_o of_o oil_n and_o other_o commodity_n thereof_o which_o now_o be_v unreasonable_a dear_n and_o yet_o do_v they_o sell_v their_o own_o country_n commodity_n in_o that_o country_n not_o only_o as_o base_o and_o low_o price_v as_o ever_o they_o do_v note_n note_n but_o also_o have_v bring_v they_o to_o be_v in_o no_o regard_n or_o estimation_n throughout_o all_o the_o country_n where_o they_o have_v bring_v all_o those_o country_n ware_n to_o be_v sell_v in_o england_n for_o thrice_o as_o much_o as_o a_o foretimes_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v sell_v in_o england_n which_o be_v unreasonable_a and_o excessive_a price_n yet_o can_v they_o not_o well_o sell_v they_o under_o those_o price_n to_o be_v any_o gainer_n they_o lose_v so_o much_o in_o the_o sales_n of_o their_o own_o commodity_n which_o they_o sell_v in_o those_o part_n although_o they_o need_v not_o to_o do_v so_o if_o they_o keep_v any_o merchant-like_a order_n in_o the_o transport_v of_o their_o commodity_n into_o those_o part_n and_o in_o the_o sales_n thereof_o at_o their_o come_n thither_o as_o other_o merchant_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v do_v in_o time_n past_a when_o they_o make_v ever_o reckon_v to_o make_v in_o the_o sales_n of_o their_o commodity_n in_o that_o country_n 15._o rial_n of_o plate_n of_o every_o english_a noble_n worth_n of_o ware_n they_o bring_v thither_o which_o gain_n be_v sufficient_a towards_o the_o charge_n so_o may_v wise_a and_o discreet_a merchant_n do_v now_o at_o this_o day_n as_o well_o as_o they_o which_o be_v wise_a in_o time_n past_a do_v for_o the_o commodity_n of_o england_n be_v as_o necessary_a and_o commodious_a for_o the_o country_n at_o this_o day_n as_o ever_o they_o be_v before_o and_o therefore_o will_v they_o give_v for_o they_o 1565._o they_o this_o treatise_n be_v write_v about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o colloquy_n of_o bruges_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o aunis_fw-la 1564._o et_fw-la 1565._o as_o much_o money_n as_o ever_o they_o do_v whereof_o i_o poor_a and_o plain_a writer_n of_o this_o treatise_n have_v have_v good_a experience_n even_o in_o these_o day_n a_o abridgement_n of_o the_o special_a inconvenience_n to_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n handle_v in_o the_o foresay_a ten_o chapter_n first_o that_o from_o transport_v of_o the_o store_n and_o translate_n of_o the_o staple_n sometime_o hold_v at_o calais_n and_o other_o good_a town_n in_o england_n to_o private_a mart-towne_n in_o foreign_a country_n have_v proceed_v the_o principal_a occasion_n of_o the_o