in abundance with all sorts of Fish sprinkled with many very sweet Islands and goodly Lakes like little Inland-Seas which will carry even Ships upon their waters adorned with goodly Woods even fit for building of Houses and Ships so commodiously as that if some Prince in the World had them they would soon hope to be Lords of all the Seas and ere long of all the World Also full of very good Forts and Havens opening upon England as inviting us to come unto them to see what excellent Commodities that Country can afford besides the Soil it self most fertile fit to yeild all kind of Fruit that shall be committed thereunto And lastly the Heavens most mild and temperate though somewhat more moist in the parts towards the West How far Ireland differs from England in Aire and Commodities Ireland differs not much from England for all manner of Commodities either for Feeding or Cloathing or for Pleasure or Profit but only in this that the Aire thereof though very wholsome and delectable is neither so clear nor subtil as ours of England by reason of the Sun being frequently overshadowed with clouds even almost as well in Summer as in Winter which is therefore nothing favourable for the ripening of Corn and Fruits but so grateful to the ground that it causeth grass to grow abundantly not only fresh and long but withal very sweet for all kind of Cattle and in Winter is more subject to Wind than Snow or Frost the Wool of this Country is said to be not of so fine a grain as that of England but the Sheep of as large a body and so all other kind of Cattle if bred there after the way of England Coal they have none but what is neer Kilkenny and that in no great quantity however plentifully supplied with Fuel by reason of their neighbouring Boggs though otherwise over-plentifully dispersed through all parts of the Kingdom Iron Ore they have none as I take it but what is brought out of England which occasions as I suppose so few Iron Mills in Ireland there being of late years but two that I have heard off viz. one at Mountrath in the Kings County and another at Corfew in the County of Wexford neer the Town of Wexford the fewness whereof I presume is no great loss to that Country the Woods there the over-plenty whereof was formerly complained of being now of late too much destroyed even to admiration Some Mines of Lead have been found there of late by the industry of the English the chief whereof was that called the Silver Mines in the County of Typperary not far from Limrick out of which was extracted some proportion of Silver which gave it the Denomination England and Ireland may be esteemed without doubt to be two of the most plentiful Kingdoms for Provisions for the extent of them of any in the whole World but that which causes the vast difference between the value of the Stock and Lands of the one and the other though both conveniently situated for Trade is that of Traffick and Commerce and till of late the sloathfulness of the people of Ireland in not disposing themselves to Manufactury a great rectification whereof may be well hoped will fall out even in this our Age whereunto there is already given a very fair beginning by the British Planters Money The Irish till of late times did for the most part mannage their Trade and Commerce amongst themselves by exchange of Wares Trade driven formerly in Ireland hy Commutation of Commodities and commutation of Commodities having little or no coyn stirring even amongst their greatest Lords and Noblemen And no great marvel it should be so in Ireland since that of old the most usual material of money amongst the Roman Provinces was seldome Gold or Silver but Brass sometimes Leather Corium forma publica percussum as Seneca hath it This last kind of Money was by Frederick the Second made current when he besieged Millaine The like is said to have been used here in England in the time of the Barons Wars and why not since no longer ago than in the year 1574 the Hollanders then being in their Extremities made money of Past-board But this happened only in case of necessity The Metals of Gold and Silver having for many hundred years though not in such abundance been the principal instrument of Exchange and Barter and so questionless will continue to the end of the World English Moneys prohibited to be transported out of England into Ireland In the three and fortieth year of Queen Elizabeths Reign being Anno 1601. It was commanded by Proclamation as also King Henry the Seventh had provided by Act of Parliament that no man should carry over English money into Ireland for as much as the Rebels drew unto themselves a great part thereof to buy Ammunition and Provision for the Wars and from thence the Merchants carried it into forraign Countries to the great detriment of England There was therefore a serious deliberation then had about changing the Irish Coyâ— by mingling some Brass with it foâ— that the Irish War drew yearly oâ—â— of England 160000 l. Sterling Here upon some were of opinion that thâ— Charges of the War might be abâ—ted that all the good Money migâ—â— by Exchange be drawn out of Ireland into England that so the Râ—bels when the good Money faileâ— would be excluded from all Coâ—merce with Forreigners and of necessity weakned Others argued 〈◊〉 the contrary that this change woulâ— redound to the dishonor of the Queen and the dammage of the Subject that the good Money of Ireland could not be drawn thence without a great charge to the Queen that the gain gotten thereby if new Money were Coyned in England would not when the Accounts were cast up countervail the Charges of carrying over A Mint not profitable to be set vp in Ireland and much less if it were Coyned in Ireland where a Mint must needs be set up at great Charges and Minters must be hired for great wages Neither could the Commerce of the Rebels with Forreigners be impeached whilst there was Silver in the new Coyn which the Merchant knew well enough how to seperate unto whom it is all one whether he receive one piece of Money or three of the same value and that it was to be feared least the Souldiers would mutiny for thereby their pay would be diminished But Buckhurst Lord Treasusurer a man very skilful in Money matters with much ado extorted from the Queen out of necessity for that is the Law of Time which he urged that the Money should be changed for a time to be called back again afterwards to the highest value for she many times said that this would depress her Fame and be grievous to the Army Yet did the Army continue without tumult and commotion through the Queens rare happiness which retained her Authority with her People joyned with love To the Army certainly it proved a
the chief causes that obstructed the Conquest of Ireland till about the latter end of Queen Elizabeths reign as to Martial Affairs And secondly loosness in the Civil Government of Ireland for not communicating the Laws of England to the Irish I shall now endeavour in the next place to give some satisfaction touching those defects that were observed to be in the Civil Policy and Government of this Kingdome which gave no less impediment to the full Conquest thereof which doth first consist in this That the Crown of England did not from the beginning give Laws to the Irishry though the Irish did often desire to be admitted to the benefit of it and protection of the English Laws but could not obtain it For although King Henry the Second before his return out of Ireland held a Counfel or Parliament at Lismore where the Laws of England were willingly accepted off by all the Irishry and that confirm'd by their Oaths And though King John in the twelfth year of his Reign did establish the English Laws and Customes here and the Courts of Judicature at Dublin and placed Sheriffs and other Ministers to rule and govern the people according to the Laws of England yet it is evident by all the Records of this Kingdome that onely the English Colonies and some few Septs of the Irishry as O Neal of Vlster O Malaghlin of Meath O Connagher of Connaght O Brien of Thomond and Mac Muorrogh of Lynster who were enfranchised by special Charters were admitted to the benefit and protection of the Laws of England for in them onely the English Laws were published and put in execution and in them onely did the Itinerant Judges make their Circuits and Visitations of Justice as namely in the Counties of Dublin Kildare Meth Vriel Catherlogh Kilkenny Wexford Waterford Cork Limrick Kerry and Typperary and not in the Countries possessed by the Irishry which contained at least two third parts of the Kingdome and even in these Counties the said Laws stretcht no farther then the Lands of the English Colonies did extend so that the Irish were not only disabled to bring any actions but they were so far out of the protection of the Law as it was often adjudged no Fellony to kill a meer Irish man in time of Peace from whence it came to pass that in all the Parliament Rolls which are extant from the 40th year of Edward the Third when the Statutes of Kilkenny were enacted till the Reign of King Henry the Eighth we find the degenerate and disobedient English called Rebels but the Irish which were not in the Kings Peace are called Enemies Whereby it it is manifest that such as had the Government of Ireland under the Crown of England did intend to maintain a perpetual Separation and Enmity between the English and the Irish pretending that the English should in the end be able to root out the Irish which the English not being able to effect caused a perpetual War between both Nations which continued four hundred and odd years and might have continued to the worlds end if in the end of Queen Elizabeths Reign the Irishry had not been broken and Conquered by the Sword and since the beginning of King James his Reign had not been protected and governed by the Law Contrary to the practice of the Romans and others c. who communicated their Laws to the Conquered This was contrary to the practice of the Roman State which Conquered so many barbarous and civil Nations and therefore knowing by experience the best and readiest way of making a perfect and absolute Conquest refused not to communicate their Laws to the rude and barbarous people whom they had conquered neither did they ever put them out of their Protection after they had once submitted themselves but rather the better to assure their conquest by all the means imaginable they could allured them to Civility and Learning whereof the antient Britains were a famous instance This was also against the practise William the Conqueror used who governed both the Normans and the English under one Law And against the prudent course that hath been observed in the reducing of Wales partly perform'd by King Edward the First and altogether finished by King Henry the Eighth by dividing the whole Countrey into Shires and Circuits and establishing a Common-wealth amongst them according to the English Government by means whereof that entire Countrey was in a short time so securely setled in Peace and Obedience and hath attained to that civility of manners and plenty of all things as now we find it not inferiour to the best parts of England That the over great proportions of Land granted to the first Conquerors of Ireland occasioned great inconveniencies The next Error in the Civil Policy which hindered the perfection of the Conquest of Ireland did consist in the distribution of the Lands and Possessions which were won and conquered from the Irish For the Scopes of Land which were granted to the first Adventurers were too large and the Liberties and Royalties which they obtained therein were too great for Subjects though it stood with reason that they should be liberally rewarded out of the fruits of their own labours since they managed the War upon their own account and received no pay from the Crown of England whereupon ensued divers inconveniencies that gave great impediment to the Conquest for first Earl Strongbow was entituled to the whole Kingdom of Lynster partly by Invasion and partly by Marriage albeit he surrendered the same entirely to King Henry the Second his Soveraign The manner how Ireland was divided amongst the first Engâ—ish Conquerors for that with his License he came over and with the aid of his Subjects he had gained that great Inheritance yet did the King regrant back again to him and his Heiâ—s all that Province reserving only the City of Dublin and the Cantreds next adjoyning with the Maritine Towns and principal Forts and Castles Next the same King granted to Robert Fitz-Stephen and Miles Cogan the whole Kingdom of Corke from Lismore to the Sea To Philip le Bruce he gave the whole Kingdome of Lymrick with the Donation of Bishopricks and Abbies except the City and one Cantred of Land adjoyning To Sir Hugh de Lacy all Meath To Sir John de Courcy all Vlster To William Bourke Fitz-Adelin the greatest part of Connaght In like manner Sir Thomas de Clare obtained a grant of all Thomond and Otho de Grandison of all Tipperary and Robert le Poor of the Territory of Waterford the City it self and the Cantred of the Oastmen only excepted And thus was alâ— Ireland Cantonized among ten Persons of the English Nation And though they had not gained the Possession of one third part of the whole Kingdom yet in Title they were owners and Lords of all so as nothing was left to be granted to the Natives whose petty Kings and Great ones our great English Lords could not endure
great loss whether it turned to the benefit of the Queen or no is not known But to the Treasurers and Paymasters without doubt it brought in good gain whose avarice which is a diligent searcher of hidden gains may seem to have devised it The Money now generally used in Ireland there being little of English because prohibited to be transported thither beyond the summe of five pounds as I take it for the better encouragement of Trade between both Kingdoms is most of all Spanish Coyn to wit pieces of Eight at 4 s. 6 d. the piece consisting of Plate pieces Mexico and old Peru with half and quarter pieces The new Perues whereof there was a good quantity being not long since called in and by reason they were thought to be abused and falsified converted into Plate to the great benefit of some in Dublin and the no small loss at that time of a great many people in Ireland A piece of old English Gold is hardly to be seen in Ireland except what is closely kept in private hands though there was a great proportion thereof before the late Wars which commonly passed from hand to hand in ordinary Payments There is a small quantity of Brass Coyn that is used there for the conveniency of change I have already hinted Buildings how that the Irish by reason of their Barbarous Laws and Customs did never build any Houses of Brick or Stone some few poor Religious Houses excepted before the Reign of King Henry the Second which seems as manifest as strange by the entertainment of the said King received at their chief City of Dublin Anno 1172. who was unavoidably necessitated for meer accommodation finding there no fit place for his reception to set up a long house made of smoothed Wattles after the manner of the Country wherein he pompously entertained the greâ—t Irish Lords and Princes at Christmas All their Forts Castles Stately Buildings and other Edifices were afterwards Erected by the English except as I said some of the Maritine Towns which were built by the Ostmanni or Easterlings who antiently came and Inhabited Ireland The Buildings of Ireland much improved by the last forty years Peace During the last forty years peace in Ireland there were many lovely Houses built through most part of that Kingdom by the English Nobility and Gentry with delicate improvements in Orchards Gardens and Inclosures correspondent thereunto There was also at the same time by way of imitation the like good indeavours of making handsome Improvements and Buildings by the better sort of Irish both in Towns and Country But the fair Dwellings of the English were so badly handled by the Irish in the heat of the War that scarce any part of them except the main Walls escaped from fireing upon which being generally made of Massy Stone the English have rebuilt and are building besides a great number upon new foundations many fair Structures But that which has been hitherto The Nasty Irish Cabbins a great blemish to Ireland and I doubt will ever hereafter be a blemish to the flourishing state of Ireland in point of Building is the great number of Nasty-Smoaky-Cabbins every where made up of Wattles without any Chimnies wherein the poorer sort of Irish do well which cannot be altogether ascribed to their meer poverty and antient custom but rather much more to the uncertainty of the tenure whereby they hold the same being Tenants only but from May to May that so they may more easily quit their Station and try their fortunes else where for an other year though many times to as little effect in case they find themselves over-much opprest by their Landlords Their Parish Churches were generally as meanly built in Ireland as their practice was in Religion but now that the Country comes to be inhabited by a more civil and better Principled people it may be justly hoped and likewise expected that there will be by degrees a Reformation in this particular as well as in other matters of less moment since the handsome building and adorning of Churches do conduce much to draw the rude people to the the reverencing and frequenting thereof CHAP. II. Of the Inhabitants their Laws Religion and Manners Of their Number Language Stature Dyet Attire Recreations Names and Sir-names I have already declared how it is most probable that the first Inhabitants of this Island came hither out of Britain Inhabitants and Laws now called England and Wales And therefore shall proceed to give some farther Account touching the Laws of this Realm both Ancient and Modern The Brehon Law by which the Irish governed themselves was a Rule of Right unwritten but delivered by Tradition from one to another in which often times there appeared great shew of Equity in determining the Right between party and party but in many things repugning quite both to Gods Law and Mans The partiality and impiety of the Brehon Irish Law As for example in the case of Murder the Brehon that is their Judge would compound between the Murderer and the Friends of the party Murdered which Prosecuted the Action that the Malefactor should give unto them or to the Child or Wife of him that is slain a recompence which they called an Eriach By which vile Law of theirs many Murders amongst them were made up and smothered And this Judge being as he was called the Lords Brehon adjudged for the most part a better share unto this Lord that is the Lord of the Soil or the head of that Sept and also unto himself for his judgment a greater portion then unto the Plaintiffs or parties grieved Sir Edward Poynings the best Reformer of the Laws of Ireland He that gave the fairest beginning to the Reformation of the Laws of Ireland of any till his time was Sir Edward Poynings Lord Deputy of Ireland in the Reign of King Henry the Seventh who finding in that Realm nothing but a common misery took the best course he possibly could to establish there a well governed Common-wealth and to that end he held a Parliament no less famous than that of Kilkenny and more available for the Reformation of the whole Kingdom For whereas all wise men did ever concur in opinion that the readiest way to Reform Ireland was to settle a form of Civil Government there conformable to that of England To bring this to pass Sir Edward Poynings did pass an Act whereby all the Statutes made in England before that time were enacted established and made of force in Ireland Neither did he only respect the time past but provided also for the time to come For he caused an other Law to be made that no Act should be propounded in any Parliament of Ireland but such as should be first Transmitted into England and approved by the King and Council there as good and expedient for that Land and so returned back again under the Great Seal of England This Act though it seem Prima facie to restrain
Affairs of that Kingdome expecting direction from hence the delays whereof were oftentimes through other greater affairs most irksome the oportunities there in the mean time past away and greater danger did often grow which by such timely prevention might easily have been stopped And this is worthily observed by Machiavel in his discourses upon Livie where he commendeth the manner of the Romans Government in giving absolute Power to all their Councellors and Governors which if they abused they afterwards should dearly answer And the contrary thereof he reprehendeth in the States of Venice of Florence and many other Principalities of Italy who use to limit their chief Officers so strictly as that thereby they have oftentimes lost such happy occasions as they could never come unto again The like whereof who so hath been conversant in the Government of Ireland especially during Queen Elizabeths Reign hath too often seen to their great hindrance and hurt That besides the want of Power there were eminent defects observed in the managemet of the publick Affairs of Ireland Besides this want of Power which did hinder the good Reformation of Ireland there were eminent defects noted in the mangement of the publick Affairs of that Kingdom by some of the chief Governors thereof who seeing the end of their Government to draw nigh and some mischiefs and practices growing up which afterwards might work trouble to the next succeeding Governor would not attempt the redress or cutting off thereof either for fear they should leave the Realm unquiet at the end of their Government or that the next that came should receive the same too quiet and so happily win more praise thereof than they before And therefore they would not seek at all to repress that evil but would either by granting protection for a time or holding some emparlance with the Rebel or by treaty of Comissioners or by other like devices only smother and keep down the flame of the mischief so it might not break out in their time of Government what came afterwards they cared not or rather wish'd the worst To this may be added The savoring of the Irish and depressing of the English an ill practice by some of the Lord Deputies of Ireland that when the Irish have been broken by the Sword of one Governour and thereby consequently made fit and capable for subjection another succeeding as it were into his harvest and finding an open way made for what course he pleased bent not to that point which the former intended but rather quite contrary and as it were in scorn of the former and in vain vaunt of his own Councels would tread down and disgrace all the English and set up and countenance the Irish all that he he could thereby to make them more tractable and buxome to his Government wherein he thought much amiss for surely his Government could not be sound and wholsome for that Realm it being so contrary to the former For it was even as two Physicians should take one sick body in hand at two sundry times of which the former would minister al things meet to purge and keep under the body the other to pamper and strengthen it suddenly again whereof what is to be looked for but a most dangerous relapse Therefore by all means it ought to be fore-seen and assured that after once entering into this course of Reformation there be afterwards no remorse nor drawing back for the sight of any such rueful objects as must thereupon follow nor for compassion of their Calamities seeing that by no other means it is possible to cure them and that these are not of will but of very urgent necessâ—ty The Lord Lieutenant The Lord Deputies of Ireland assâ—sted by a Privy Councel or Lord Deputy of Ireland hath for his assistance a Privy Councel attending on him though resident for the most part at Dublin and in emergencies or cases of more difficult nature proceedeth many times in an arbitrary way without formalities of Law Sir Henry Sidney Lord Deputy of Ireland in Queen Elizabeths time The Lords Presidents of Connaght and Mounster instituted in Queen Elizabeths time to enure and acquaint the People of Mounster and Connaght with the English Government again which had not been in use among them for the space of two hundred years before he instituted two Presidency Courts in those two Provinces placing Sir Edward Fitton in Connaght and John Perrot in Mounster The Lord President of Mounster hath one Assistant twelve learned Lawyers and a Secretary CHAP. IV. Of the Title changed from Lord to King of Ireland in the time of Henry the Eighth Of the Titles of the Crown to every part of Ireland and to the whole diverse ways And several claims to the Land of Ireland Of the Revenue and Strength Title altered from Lord to King SIR Anthony Saint-Leger Lord Deputy of Ireland in a Parliament which he held the 33. of Henry 8. caused an Act to pass which gave unto King Henry the Eighth his Heirs and Successors the Name Stile and Title of King of Ireland Whereas before that time the Kings of England were stiled but Lords of Ireland Although indeed they were absolute Monarchs thereof and had in right all Royal and Imperial Jurisdiction and Power there as they had in the Realm of England And yet because in the vulgar conceit the name of King is higher than the name of Lord assuredly the assuming of this Title hath not a little raised the Sovereignity of the Kings of England in the minds of this people And because it hath been doubted by some whether we might Lawfully fight against the Irish I shall for farther satisfaction here insert the Right and Title the Crown of England hath to the Kingdom of Ireland as to every part of it and to the whole divers ways I will begin with the Pedigree of William Earl Marshal Title to Leinster for thereupon depend many Records in Ireland and the King of Englands Right to Leinster Walter Fitz Richard who came from Normandy with William the Conqueror died Lord Strongbow of Strigule alias Chepstow without Issue to whom succeeded his Sisters Son who was created the first Earl of Pembroke and had Issue Richard the inheritor of Leinster by a Covenant and Marriage of Eva the Sole Daughter of Mac Murrough King of Leinster This Richard conveyed to Henry the Second all his Title and held of him the Lordship of Leinster in four Counties Wexford Catherlagh Ossory and Kildare Richard left Issue a Daughter Issabel married to William Earl Marshal of England now Earl of Pembroke Lord Strongbow and Lord of Leinster William had Issue five Sons who died without Issue when every of them except the youngest had successively possessed their Fathers Lands and five Daughters Maud Jone Issabel Sibil and Eve among whom the Patrimony was parted Anno 31. H. 3. Of these Daughters bestowed in Marriage are descended many Noble Houses as the Mortimers Bruises Clares
c. born Subjects to the Crown of England paying ever to the King his Duties reserved Title to Meth. Hugh de Lacy Conquerour of Meth had Issue Walter de Lacy who held the same of King John paying a Fine of four thousand Marks Sterling and hence began all the several Claims there with Alegiance sworn and done by their Ancestors Title to Mounster At the very first arrival of Henry the Second the Princes of Mounster came universally and did homage voluntarily and acknowledged to him and his Heirs Duties and pays for ever John de Courcy Conquerour and Earl of Vlster dyed without Issue Title to Ulster Connaght King John Lord of Ireland gave the Earldome to Hugh de Lacy who who had Issue Walter and Hugh who died without Issue and one Daughter married to Reymond Burke Conquerour and Lord of Connaght Connaght descended to divers Heirs owing service to the Prince but Vlster returned by devolution to the special Inheritance and the Revenues of the Crown of England in this manner The said de Burgo had Issue Richard who had Issue John who had Issue William who was slain without Issue and a Daughter Elizabeth entitled to thirty thousand Marks yearly by the Earldome of Vlster whom Edward the Third gave in marriage to Lionel his second Son Duke of Clarence who had Issue a Daughter Philippe married to Edward Mortimer who had Issue Edmund Anne Elianor Edmund and Elianor died without Issue Anne was married to Richard Earl of Cambridge Son to Edmund of Langley Duke of York fift Son to Edward the Third which said Richard had Issue Richard Plantaginet Father to Edward the Fourth Father to Elizabeth Wife to Henry the Seventh and Mother to Henry the Eighth Father to Mary Edward the Sixth and Elizabeth Several Claims to the Land of Ireland Several claims to the Land of Ireland 1. Mac Gil-murrow King of Ireland with all his Petty Princes Lords and Captains summoned to King Arthurs Court held in Carlion Anno 519. did accordingly their homage and attended all the while his great Feast and Assembly lasted 2. The Monarch of all Ireland and all other both Reges and Reguli for them and for theirs for ever betook themselves to Henry the Second An. Dom. 1172. namely those of the South whiles he lay at Waterford Dermot K. of Corke which is the Nation of the Mac Cartyes at Cashel Donald K. of Limrick which is the Nation of the Obrenes Donald K. of Ossory Mac Shaghlon King of Ophaly at Divelin did the like Okernel King of Vriel Ororick King of Meth Roderick King of all Ireland and of Connaght This did they with consents and shouts of their People and King Henry returned without any Battle given Only Vlster remained which John de Courcy soon after conquered and Oneale Captain of all the Irish there came to Dublin to Richard the Second An. 1399. and freely bound himself by Oath and great Sums of Money to be true to the Crown of England 3. The same time O Brien of Thomond Oconar of Connaght Arthur Mac Murrow of Leinster and all the Irish Lords which had been somewhat disordered renewed their Obedience 4. When Ireland first received the Christian Faith they gave themselves into the Jurisdiction both Spiritual and Temporal of the See of Rome The Temporal Lordship Pope Adrian conferred upon Henry the Second and he gave the same to John his younger Son afterwards King of England and so it returned home to the Crown 5. Alexander the Third confirmed the Gift of Adrian as in both their Charters is expressed at large 6. Vivian the Legate on the Popes behalf did Accurse and Excommunicate all those that fell from the Obeysance of the Kings of England 7. The Clergy twice Assembled once at Cashell secondly at Armagh plainly determined the Conquest to be Lawful and threatnad all people under pain of Gods and holy Churches indignation to accept of the English Kings for their Lords from time to time 8. It would ask a Volume to recite the Name of such Irish Princes who since the Conquest have continually upon Occasions Revolts or Petitions sworn Truth and Faith to the Kings of England and from time to time received Honors Wages Fees Pardons and made Petitions And thus I think no reasonable man will doubt of a Right so old so continued so ratified and so many ways confessed The Kings Revenue in Ireland was spent and wholy exhausted in the publick service and therefore The Kings Revenue in Ireland wholy spent on that Kingdome in all the ancient Pipe-Rolls in the times of King Henry the Third Edward the First Edward the Second and Edward the Third between the Receipts and Allowances there is this entrie In Thesauro nihil For the Officers of the State and the Army spent all so as there was no surplusage of Treasure And here I may well take occasion to shew the vanity of that which is reported in the Story of Walsingham touching the Revenue of the Crown in Ireland which he saith did amount to thirty thousand Pounds a year in the time of King Edward the Third The vain story of 30000 l. yearly Revenue in E 3ds time refuted If this Writer had known that the Kings Courts had been established in Ireland more than a hundred years before King Edward the Third was born or had seen either the Parliament Rolls in England or the Records of the Receits and Issues in Ireland he had not left this vain report to Posterity for both the Benches and Exchequer were erected in the twelfth year of King John And it is Recorded in the Parliament Rolls of 21. of Edward the Third remaining in the Tower that the Commons of England made Petition that it might be enquired why the King received no benefit of his Land in Ireland considering he possessed more there than any of his Ancestors had before him Now if the King at that time when there were no standing Forces maintained there had received thirty thousand pounds yearly at his Exchequer in Ireland he must needs have made profit by that Land considering that the whole charge of the Kingdome in the 47th year of Edward the Third when the King did pay an Army there did amount to no more than eleven thousand and two hundred pounds per Annum as appeareth by the Contract of William Winsore Besides it is manifest by the Pipe-Rolls of that time whereof many are yet preserved in Breminghams Tower and are of better credit than any Monks story that during the Reign of King Edward the Third the Revenue of the Crown of Ireland both certain and casual did not rise unto ten thousand pound per Annum though the medium be taken of the best seven years that are be found in that Kings time The like Fable hath Hollingshead touching the Revenue of the Earldome of Vlster which saith he in the time of King Richard the Second was thirty thousand Marks by the year Whereas in
THE PRESENT STATE OF Ireland TOGETHER With some Remarques Upon the Antient State thereof Likewise a Description of the Chief Towns With a MAP of the Kingdome LONDON Printed by M. D. for Chr. Wilkinson at the Black-Boy in Fleet-Street and T. Burrell at the Golden-Ball under St. Dunstans Church 1673. THE EPISTLE TO THE READER MVch cannot be expected upon a Subject of this Nature from a private Person and one who was seconded with few other helps to accomplish his desires herein than to consult his own thoughts and a mall number of Books that lay by him However the Reader may be well assured there is nothing offered here to his consideration in relation to the Present or Antient State of Ireland as far as the Subject would possibly admit of the same but what is back'd with good Authority and faithfully related by the Author according to the best information he could obtain As for other matters here Essayed by way of conjecture the Author well hopes this mean attempt will shortly administer a fit occasion for a more knowing Person and abler Pen to render the World more ample satisfction touching the Publick Affairs and State of that Kingdome wherein it may seem strange how that this our Age affords many Treatises entituled The present State of Enngland France Italy Holland Venice Muscovy c. yet not any thing of that Nature since his Majesties happy Restauration hath been hitherto presented to publick view in relation to the State of Ireland though it be one of the chiefest Members of the British Empire as if either there were no such thing in Nature Or at least that the Affairs thereof afforded not any thing worthy of Note whereas indeed the continued infelicity of that unhappy Kingdome till of late might alone besides many other remarkes made mention of in this ensuing Treatise justly breed some curiosity in any knowing person to take into his consideration what were the true causes why that Realm whereof our Kings of England have born the Title of Sovereign Lords for the space of four hundred and odd years a period of time wherein divers great Monarchies have risen from Barbarism to Civility and fallen again to Ruine was not in all that space of time throughly subdued reduced to the obedience of the Crown of England although there hath been almost a continual War between the English and the Irish and why the manners of the meer Irish were so little altered till King James his Reign since the days of King Henry the Second as appeareth by the description made by Giraldus Cambrensis who lived and wrote in that time although there hath been since that time so many English Colonies planted in Ireland as that if the people had been numbred by the Poll such as were descended of English race would have been found more in number than the antient Natives To give therefore a brief account of the true causes of those disorders as also of the exquisite remedies applyed by the late Settlement of Ireland in order to a perfect Reformation of the same is one of the chief ends and design of this discourse wherein if it gives the Reader any competent satisfaction the Author will deem himself thereby well rewarded for his pains THE CONTENTS OF THE First Part. THat Ireland is supposed to be first Inhabited by the Britains page 1. That it was first Invaded by the Saxon Monarchs p. 3. Next by the Northern Nations about the year 830. of Danes Swedes and Normans all passing under the Names of Norwegians p. ib. And last of all by the English in K. Henry the Seconds time p. 4. That the Conquest of Ireland by the English ever since Henry the Seconds time till now of late was imperfect by reason of two great Defects the first whereof consisted in faint prosecution of the War and the next in in the loosness of the Civil Government p. 6. Of the faint prosecution of the War and the causes of it p. ib. That notwithstanding many obstructions yet the first English Adventurers during the first forty years gained many large proportions of Land in the Provinces of Leinster Munster Connaght and Ulster p. 8. That the English being for a long time necessitated to maintain a bordering War with the Irish wholy at the charge of the English Planters the English Plantations in Ireland began thereupon to decay p. 9 10 11. That Morrice Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond was the first began that wicked Extortion of Coine Livery and Pay in K. Edward the Seconds time which soon after proved the utter ruine of all the English Colonies in Ireland except those few within the Pale which Interest of the English could never be put in a way of recovery again till about the beginning of Queen Eâ—izabeths Reign p. 12 13. That by reason of the said Earl of Desmond and divers other Grandees of the first English Conquerors getting vast Estates from the English Colonies in Ireland by those horrible oppressioins of Coin and Livery c. many of the English fled into England and the rest in a small tract of time so much degenerated into Irish manners as that they hated the very name of the English and took upon them Irish Nick-names p. 14 15. That those great English Lords the better to maintain their said unlawful Acquisitions became thereupon Arch Enemies both to the Government and the Laws of England refusing to appear at Parliaments and no way observing the Dictates and Command of the Chief Governors of that Realm p. 16 17. That by these means and by reason of the English Nobility and Gentry passing afterwards out of Ireland into England to be engaged in the Civil-Wars between York and Lancaster wherein most of them perished the Irish became victorious over all the English except those within the Pale without bloud or sweat p. 17 18. That it was a great hindrance to the full Conquest of Ireland that the first English Conquerors did not equally communicate the English Laws to the Irish as well as to English Planters ib. That by means thereof the English Conquerors maintained perpetual Enmity and War with the Irish for their own private ends and advantages to the distruction of the Country p. 19. That this was contrary to the practice of the Roman State who never refused to communicate their Laws to the rude and barbarous people they conquered p. 20. And to the practice of William the Conqueror who Governed both Normands and the English under one Law p. 21. And against the prudent course Edward the First observed in the reducing of Wales p. ib. That the next Error in the Civil pollicy was the over great proportions of Land with great Royalties and Liberties granted to the first English Adventurers in Ireland which occasioned many notorious inconveniencies p. 22. The reason why such vast proportions of Land were given to the first Adventurers in Ireland p. 30. The manner how Ireland was divided among the English Conquerors in
the policy of the King of Meth the only Irish Prince then in favour with the Tyrant These Northern Nations were the first that brought the Irish acquainted with Traffick and Commerce and with building of Castles and Fortresses only upon the Sea-coasts having hitherto known no other defence but Woods Boggs or Stoakes And last of all by the English in K. Henry 2ds reign An. 1172. After this the Roytelets or petty Princes enjoying their former Dominions till the year 1172. in which Dermot Mac Morogh King of Lynster having forced the Wife of Maurice O Rorke King of Meth was driven by him out of his Kingdome who applying himself to Henry the Second of England for succor received Aid under the leading of Richard de Clare Sir-named Strongbow Earle of Pembroke to be restored to his Kingdom by whose good success and the rest of the Adventurers upon the Arrival of Henry the Second in Ireland his very Presence without drawing his Sword prevailed so far as that all the petty Kings or great Lords within Lynster Connaght and Munster submitted themselves unto him promising to pay him Tribute and acknowledging him their chief and Soveraign Lord But as the Conquest was but slight and superficial so the Irish Submissions were but weak and fickle assurances to hold in Obedience so considerable a Kingdom for no sooner were the Kings of Englands backs turned but the Irish returned to their former Rebellions and the Kings of England had here no more power or profit than the great ones of the Country were pleased to give them for they governed their People by the Brehon Law they made their own Magistrates and Officers pardoned and punished all Malefactors within their several Countries made War and Peace one with the other without controulment and this they did not only during the Reign of King Henry the Second but also in the times succeeding even until the Reign of Queen Elizabeth which Conquest became thus imperfect by reason of two great Defects first in the faint prosecution of the War and next in the loosness of the Civil Government The Conquest of Ireland by the English imperfect till of late by reason of two defects viz. first faint Prosecution of the War the Causes of it As touching the carriage of Martial Affairs from the seventeenth year of King Henry the Second at what time the first overture was made for the Conquest of Ireland until the nine and thirtieth year of Queen Elizabeth when that Royal Army was sent over to suppress the the Rebellion of Tyrone which in the end made an universal and absolute Conquest of all the Irishry It is very evident that the English either raised here or sent hither from time to time out of England were alwaies too weak to Subdue and Master so many Warlike Nations or Septs of the Irish as did possess this Island and besides their weakness they were ill paid and worse Governed And if at any time there arrived out of England an Army of competent strength and power it did rather terrifie than break or subdue this People being ever broken and dissolved by some one accident and impediment or other before the perfection of the Conquest of it as namely Henry the Second by the Rebellion of his Sons King John Henry the Third and Edward the Second by the Barrons Wars Edward the First by his Wars in Wales and Scotland Edward the Third and Henry the Fift by the Wars of France Richard the Second Henry the Fourth Henry the Sixth and Edward the Fourth by Domestick contention for the Crown of England it self Richard the Third not worth mentioning as having never got the quiet possession of England but was cast out by Henry the Seventh within two years and an half after his Usurpation And Henry the Seventh himself though he made the happy Union of the two Houses of York and Lancaster yet for more than half the space of his Reign there were walking Spirits of the House of York which he could not conjure down without the expence of some Bloud and Treasure Henry the Eighth was diverted by his two Expeditions into France at the first and latter part of his Reign and in the middle thereof wholly taken up with the troubles created to him by the great alteration of Ecclesiastical Affairs And lastly the Infancy of King Edward and the Coverture of Queen Mary which were both not-abilities in Law did likewise in fact disable them to accomplish the Conquest of Ireland so that all the Kings of England coming thus far short as to the perfecting of the true Conquest of Ireland let us examine what other impediments were given thereunto in point of Martial Affairs by the Adventurers themselves that first undertook the Conquest of this Kingdom upon their own account That the first English Adventurers had good success in Ireland during the first forty years It doth appear that for the space of about forty years after the first landing of the English in Ireland till the seventeenth year of King John during all which time there was no Army transmitted out of England to finish the Conquest of Ireland that the Adventurers and Colonies already planted there proceeded with so much good success as they gained very large portions of ground in every Province As namely the Earl of Strongbow by his Marriage with the Daughter of Mac Morrogh in Lynster the Laâ—ies in Meth the Giraldines and other Adventurers in Munster the Andeleyes Gernons Clintons Russels and other Voluntaries of Sir John de Courcies retinue in Vlster and the Bourkes planted by William Fitz-Adelme in Connaght The English Colonies being thus dispersed through all the Provinces of Ireland were necessitated But being necessitated for a long time to maintain a bordering War against the Irish at the charge of the English Planters from the twelfth year of King John till the six and thirtieth year of King Edward the Third being about an hundred and fifty years to maintain a continual bordering War between them and the Irish without receiving during all that time any supply either of Men or Money out of England to manage the same So that all the chief Governours of the Realm and the English Lords who had gotten such great Possessions and Royalties as that they presumed to make War and Peace at their pleasure without the least advice or direction from the State being forced to levy all their Forces within the Land who being ill Paid and worse Governed it so came to pass the publick Revenues of Ireland being then inconsiderable to sustain such a charge that as well the Ordinary Forces which stood continually as the extraordinary which were levied by the chief Governour upon Journeys and general Hostings were for the most part laid upon the poor Subjects descended of English race which burden was in some measure tollerable during the Reign of King Henry the Third and Edward the First but afterwards became insupportable in the time of King
the Pale that were of Popish Profession who were therefore vehemently taxed by the Traytor Suellevan for exhorting them to follow the Queens side which he is pleased to term Insanam venenosam Doctrinam tartareum Dogma a mad and venemous Doctrine and a hellish Opinion But besides these there were a great number of Irish who either bore a secret grudge against the English planted among them or having nothing at all to lose upon the first occasion are apt to joyn with any forraign Invader for we have not used that pollicie in our Plantations that wise States have used in former times They when the setled new Colonies in any place did commonly translate the antient Inhabitants to other dwellings We have brought new Planters into the Land meaning those got by Desmonds Rebellion and six Counties in Vlster by Tyrone and his Adherents departing into Spain and have left the old Inhabitants to shift for themselves who being strong in body and daily increasing in number and seeing themselves deprived of their means and maintenance which they and their Ancestors had formerly injoyed would undoubtedly be ready when any occasion offered it self to disturb our quiet whether then saith he we cast our eyes abroad or look at home we see our danger is very great The Romish Irish as well as the Protestant British Planters are in equal danger of a Common Enemy Neither may you my Lords and Gentlemen that differ from us in point of Religion imagin that the Community of profession will exempt you more than us from the danger of a Common Enemy Whatsoever you may expect from a forreigner you may conjecture by the Answer which the Duke of Medina Sidonia gave in this case in 88. That his Sword knew no difference between a Catholick and an Heretick but that he came to make way for his Master and what kindness thy looked for from the Country-men that were to joyn with them they might judg as well by the carriage which they ordinarily used towards them both in the Court and Colledges abroad as by the advice not long since presented by them unto the Council of Spain wherein they would not have so much as the Irish Priests and Jesuits that are descended of English bloud to be trusted but would have you and all yours to be accounted Enemies to the designs of Spain In the Declaration published about the begining of the Insurrection of James Fitz-Morrice in the South the Rebels professed it was no part of their meaning to subvert Honorabile Anglorum solium their quarrel was only against the Person of Queen Elizabeth and her Government But now the case is otherwise the Translating of the Throne of the English to the Power of a Forreigner is the thing that mainly is intended and the re-establishing of the Irish in their Antient Possessions which by the the Vallour of our Ancestors were gained from them This saith my Lord you may assure your self Manet alta mente repostum and makes you more to be hated of them than any other of the English Nation whatsoever The danger therefore being thus common to us all it stands us upon to joyn our best helps for the avoiding of it The Irish refuse to contribute towards a standing Army in Ireland except they might first obtain a toleration of the Romish Religion But all these strong arguments with many more could not prevail in the least with the Irish to contribute one peny in answer to his Majesties desires on this so important an occasion without they might first obtain a Toleration of their Religion To which the Lord Primate told them that the onely way was to grant to his Majesty freely what they would give without all manner of conditions that might seem unequal unto any side and to refer unto his own sacred breast how far he would be pleased to extend or abridge his favours of whose Lenity in forbearing the execution of the Statute he said the Recusants of Ireland had found such experience that they could not expect a greater liberty by giving any thing that was demanded then now already they did freely enjoy The loss of which rare opportunity so seasonably offering it self to the Irish Nation That the Irish have cause to repent their not contributing towards a standing Army in Ireland to express the height of their Loyalty and dutifulness to his Majesty by a free and generous contribution upon so important occasion they have now leasure enough to repent for their forwardness manifested afterwards in levying of Forces and contributing towards the maintainance of that Army designed for an Expedition against the Scots may seem to proceed as much if not more from the prejudice the Irish had against that Nation both upon the account of their Religion and their daily accession in great Numbers out of Scotland to inhabit the North parts of Ireland then any thing of a generous Loyalty that might move them then more then formerly thereunto And as for what overtures and offers of kindnesses were tendered by them to his Majesty during the late unhappy Wars in England was but to fish in troubled waters with an expectation after the Example of other disobedient Subjects to extort from his Majesty by reason of the disadvantages of the times such unequal Conditions as they were out of all hopes to obtain from him in a Calmer season Besides they had the honour upon this occasion to have many of their Country men trained up to Military Discipline amongst the English Soldiery which at last sorted not to the best for that many of the Irish Soldiers and Commanders proved afterwards unhappily to be the very Ring leaders of that bloody Rebellion begun in Ireland the 23d of October Anno. 1641. I have more largely insisted upon this of my Lord Primates Speech then did well consist with my designed brevity First because it doth excellently set forth the General State of Ireland both as touching points of Interest and also transactions since the beginning of Queen Elizabeths Reign down almost as far as the last Irish Rebellion Anno 1641. Secondly for that it justifies the necessity of maintaining a standing Army in Ireland and the conveniency of the late settlement thereof as very suitable to the whole scope and subject of this discourse Thirdly and lastly because I find my Lord Primate a true Prophet by this his Speech wherein he foresaw the storm that afterwards fell upon Ireland in the year 1641. In which were most inhumanly massacred by the outragious carriage of the Irish about a hundred and fifty thousand of the Brittish Planters without the least provocation given by them to the Irish to perpetrate so wicked and unparalel'd Act of Barbarism But the unhappy troubles that soon after followed in England hindered the English from having an opportunity to be throughly revenged on the Irish for their perfidiously massacred Country-men all Ireland as well as England being in the mean time divided into
several factions the Popish Irish party of the supream Counsel against the Popes Nuntio and his party afterwards some English and Irish for and others against my Lord of Ormonds Peace and at last some of the Protestant party and of the Irish for the King and some others of both parties for the Rump-Parliament but all in a confusion till the year 1649. The English find an opportunity to be throughly revenged en the Irish Anno 1649. c. At what time a considerable Army of English being transported into Ireland where after two Disputes the one at Dublin and the other at Tredagh the Royal party there finding no probability of effecting any thing advantageous to his Majesties Service joyning their forces with those newly landed out of England so bore down the Irish that in less space than three years there was scarce an Irish man through all Ireland that durst hold up his hand against them and by a necessary severity put in practice for the soon finishing of the War the whole Kingdome became upon a sudden so depopulated that considering what vast numbers of people were destroyed by the Sword Famine and Plague it is thought that in the conclusion of the said War there was not left living the eighth part of all the Irish Nation a just judgment of God inflicted on them for their notorious Barbarisme committed in their massacring the English The Irishry being thus broken the Irish Proprietors of Lands within the Provinces of Munster Leinster The Irish being broken are Transplanted into the Provinces of Connaght and County of Clare and Vlster were commanded by Proclamation by a certain day upon pain of Death to Transplant themselves into the Province of Connaght and County of Clare there to receive their proportions of Land according to their Qualifications the which very speedily and submissively they performed accordingly This Province of Connaght and County of Clare for their Natural and Artificial strength are worth the noting being altogether environed on the West and South-west part thereof by the vast Ocean and almost encompassed on the East and North-East part thereof in the whole length from North to South for the space of one hundred and forty miles or thereabouts with the great for the most part impassable River Shannon except by Boat or Bridge And on all sides and parts of the said Province of Connaght and County of Clare so beset with mighty strong Garrisons as namely Limrick Galloway Athlone James-Town the Forts of Slego and Belick in the County of Mayo with many other Garrisons of lesser moment and yet of no small strength that should the Irish at any time appear to stir in the least to oppose the Ruling power it were no less then wilfully to expose themselves to immediate slaughter and the mercy of the Sword This service being thus perform'd together with the turning out about the same time by degrees all the Popish Irish Proprietors out of all the strong Towns and Cities in Ireland Some part of the English Army disbanded after the Irish Transplantation and bringing in Protestant Planters as fast as they could to succed them in their habitations soon after followed the disbanding of certain Regiments of the Army who received their respective proportions of Land for their Arrears in the Provinces of Lynster Munster and Vlster according to their Lots upon every Acre whereof was imposed a certain Chiefry or Quit-Rent to be yearly paid after the expiration of five years towards the defraying of the Publick charge of the Kingdome The same method was soon after observed in satisfying the Arrears of the rest of the Army And about the same time the Commissioners sate at Athlone for determining the Qualifications of the Irish who having there received their doom immediately posted to Lougreah to get their respective proportions of Land to be assigned to them either in Connaght or the County of Clare according to the tenor of their said determined Qualifications from Commissioners siting at Lougreah for that purpose upon every Acre whereof a Quit-Rent was also imposed to be paid yearly after the expiration of five years as aforesaid towards the Publick charge All these things being effected The English and Irish setled upon their respective proportions of Lands within the compass of three years Whereupon followed a strange alteration in the general Face and State of Ireland and brought to this pass within the compass of three years or thereabouts this settlement having been first begun Anno 1653. there appeared within three or four years following such a strange alteration in the general Face and State of Ireland as might justly work much admiration in any sober man who having travelled over a considerable part of this Realm in the years 1652 and 1653. should on one side but consider what a dreadful wast Country he had beheld where for ten sometimes twenty or thirty Miles together nay indeed almost all the Kingdom over except about the English Garrisons one should not behold The lamentable condition all Ireland was reduced unto in the close of the War An. 1652 1653. Man Bird or Beast appear the very wild Fowls of the Aire and the wild Beasts of the Field being either dead or having departed out of those Desolations and thousands of Irish daily starving for want of Food did in this extremity ordinarily feed on the Souldiers Horses for which no satisfaction was in any times received but with the loss of their lives Nay the Famin grew generally at last to that height that the Irish did not only feed upon Horses but upon dead Corps taken out of the Graves the English Army and all those that followed them being in the mean time necessitated to be upon the matter wholy supplyed out of England with all manner of Provisions as well as Pay I say these things being seriously considered could not choose but pierce a heart of Stone with grief and sorrow Ireland reviving again from its ruinous coâ—dition But on the other side what true hearted English man or indeed any Christian but would have rejoyced to see a considerable number of all sorts of people repairing securely from all parts of the Country four times in the year to receive Justice in the four Courts of Judicature at Dublin according to the nature of their Complaints To see the Judges twice a year ride through all the Circuits in Ireland bravely attended and entertained by the Sheriffs Justices of the Peace and many other persons of good quality being all English accompanied also with many Irish both Gentry and Commons To see moreover both English and Irish together with the additional number of many thousands of English Welch and Scots with some Dutch that yearly Transported themselves hither to Plant diligently applying themselves all over Ireland to Tillage and breeding of of all sorts of Cattle with a competent proportion whereof the whole Country became in a few years indifferently well Planted
any manner of Restraint had quietly settled themselves in all the chief Towns Villages Noblemen and private Gentlemens houses throughout the Kingdom So as the private exercise of all their Religious Rites and Ceremonies were freely enjoyed by them without any manner of disturbance and not any of the Laws put in execution whereby heavy penalties were to be inflicted upon transgressors in that kind Now seeing we have manifestly found by woful experience that all those Princely favours and tender proceedings of his late Majesty towards the Irish That no Princely favors can oblige the Popish-Irish part to be Loyal to the Crown of England proved altogether ineffectual to contain them within the due bounds of Loyalty and Obedience The world may easily believe that their designs by their last Rebellion tended to no other end than the utter subversion of the English Government in Ireland The utter subversion of the Enlish Government designed by the last Rebellion in Ireland An. 1641. and the establishing of the same in the hands of their own Natives for confirmation whereof we have the Testimony of a Franciscan Fryar who was one of their Councel who tells us that the last Session of Parliament held at Dublin being proroged in August 1641. and the time drawing nigh for putting their design in execution of surprising Dublin Castle and all other places of Strength in the possession of the English in Ireland there was a great meeting appointed of the heads of the Romish Clergy and other Lay-men of their faction to be at the Abby of Mullifarvan A Councel held at Mullifarvan Abby in Meath whether to Kill or Banish all the English out of Ireland An. 1641. in the County of West-Meath where amongst other matters there debated the question was what course should be taken with the English and all others that were found in the whole Kingdom to be Protestants The Councel was therein divided 1. The Council divided some for Banishing Some were for their Banishment without attempting on their Lives for this was given the Instance of the King of Spains expelling out of Granado and other parts of his Dominions the Moors to the number of many hundred of thousands all of them being dismissed with their Lives Wives and Children with some part of their Goods if not the most part that this his way of proceeding redounded much to the honor of Spain whereas the Slaughter of many Innocents would have laid an everlasting blemish of cruelty on that State that the like usage of the English their Neighbours to whom many there present owed if no more yet their Education would gain much to the Cause both in England and other parts That their Goods and Estates seized upon would be sufficient without medling with their Persons that if the contrary course were taken and their bloud spilt besides the Curse it might draw from Heaven upon their Cause it might withal increase and provoke the Neighbour Kingdome of England and that justly taking a more severe revenge on theâ— and theirs even to extirpation if 〈◊〉 had the upper hand Others for cutting off all the English 2. On the other side was urgeâ— a contrary preceeding to the utteâ— cutting off all the English Protestants where to the instance of the dismissed Moors it was answered thâ—â— that was the sole Act of the King anâ— Queen of Spain contrary to the aâ—vise of their Councel which howsoever it might gain that Prince a namâ— of mercy yet therein the event shewed him to be most unmerciful noâ— onely to his own but to all Christendome beside That this was evidenâ— in the great and excessive charge thaâ— Spain hath been since that time puâ— unto by those Moors and their posterity to this day All Christendom also hath and doth still groan undeâ— the miseries it doth suffer by the Pyracies of Algiers Sally and the like Dens of Thieves That all this mighâ— have been prevented in one hour by a general Massacre applying thaâ— it was no less dangerous to expel thâ— English That these Robbers anâ— banished men might again return with swords in their hands who by their hard usage in spoiling might be exasperated and by the hope of recovering their former Estates would be incensed far more than strangers that were sent against them Being neither in their persons injured nor grieved in their estate that therefore a general Massacre were the safest and readiest way for freeing the Kingdom of any such fears 3. In which diversity of opinions howsoever the first prevailed with some for which the Franciscans saith this Frier did stand yet others inclined to the second some again leading to a middle way neither to dismiss nor kill And according to this do we find the event and course of their proceedings But both was practised with that of imprisonment In some places they were generally put to the sword or to other miserable ends some restrain their persons in durance knowing it to be in their hands to dispatch them at their pleasures in the mean time they being reserved either for profit by their ransome or for exchange of Prisoners or gaining their own paâ—dons by the lives of their Prisoners if time would serve or by their death if the worst did happen to satisfie their fury The third sort at the first altogether dismissed theâ—â— prisoners but first having spoileâ— them of their goods and after of their raiment exposing the miserable wretches to cold and famine whereby many have perished by deaths worse then sword or halter Hitherto of their Counsels and the effect of them Now for their intentions all being reduced whicâ— God forbid into their power anâ— thereof did they as by some Law give such peremptory conclusions that it may well be wondered thâ— thoughts of men professing themselves wise should be so vain and herein I do still follow mine Informer What the Irish would have done if they had prevailed First Their Loyalty to his Majesty should be still reserved Thâ— said they of the modest sort Buâ— both his Revenues and Governmeâ—â— must be reduced to certain bounds His Rents none other then the aâ—cient reservations before the Plantation and Customs so ordered as to them should be thought fitting Secondly for the Government such as would be esteemed loyal would have it committed to the hands of two Lords Justices one of the ancient Irish Race the other of the ancient Brittish Inhabitants in the Kingdom Provided that they be of the Romish Profession Thirdly That a Parliament should be forthwith called consisting of whom they should think fit to be admitted wherein their own religious men should be assistants Fourthly Poynings Act should be repealed and Ireland declared to be a Kingdom independant on England and without any reference unto it in any case whatsoever Fifthly All Acts prejudicial to the Romish Religion should be abolished and it to be enacted That there should be none ohter profession in the Kingdom but the Romish
Sixthly That onely the ancient Nobility of the Kingdome should stand and of them such as should refuse to conform to the Romish Religion to be removed and others put in their room howsoever the then present Earl of Kildare was to be excluded and another established in his place Seventhly All Plantation Lands to be recalled and the antient proprietors to be reinvested in their former estates with the limitations in their Covenant expressed That they had not formerly sold their interests on valuable considerations Eighthly That the respective Countries of the Kingdom should be sub-divided and certain Bounds or Barronies assigned to the chief Septs and others of the Nobility who were to be answerable for the Government thereof And that a standing Army might be still in being the respective Governors being to keep a certain number of men to be ready at all risings out as they term'd it They also being to build and maintain certain Fortresses in places most convenient within their Precincts And that these Governours should be of absolute power only responsible to the Parliament Lastly for maintaining a correspondency with other Nations and for securing the Coasts that also they might be rendered considerable unto others a Navy of a certain number of Ships was to be maintained That to this end five Houses were to be appointed one in each Province accounting Meath for one of them That to those houses should be allotted an annual pension of certain thousands of pounds to be made up of part of the Lands appropriate to Abbeys And a farther Contribution to be raised in the respective Provinces to that end That these Houses were to be assigned to a certain Order of Knights answerable to that of Malta who were to be Sea-men And to Maintain this Fleet that all Prizes were to be apportioned some part for a Common Bank the rest to be divided to which purpose the felling of Woods serviceable for this use was to be forbidden The house for this purpose to be assigned to the Province of Leinster was Kilmainham or rather Houth the Lord of Howith being otherwise to be accommodated provided he joyn with them that place being esteemed most convenient in respect of scituation which they had small grounds to hope for The Transplantation justified by reason of the late barbarous carriage of the Irish towards the English The serious consideration of this strange behaviour of the Irish towards the English hath given them just cause to place a wall of seperation between them and such dangerous Neighbours by whose barbarous carriage and inhumanity there were since the Rebellion first brake out unto the time of the cessation made Sept. 15. 1643. which was not full two years after three hundred thousand British and Protestants cruelly murthered in cold bloud destroyed some other way or expelled out of their habitations according to the strictest conjecture and computation of those who seemed best to understand the numbers of English planted in Ireland besides those few which perished in the heat of fight during the War The losses sustained by the British Planters in the space of 2. years from Oct. 23. 1641. amounted to 635375 l. And upon an enquiry made in Ireland An. 1641. of their losses sustained in their Estates Fortunes and Livelyhoods by Spoil and Robbery from the 23. of October 1641. till the 8. of March following by estimation they amounted to six hundred thirty five thousand three hundred seventy five pounds And if a right information could have been taken as I supposed would have amounted to neer five hundred times as much It hath been said of late by some Number of Inhabitants that the people of England are quadrubled within four hundred years as doubling every two hundred years How true this may be in relation to England I know not but I am perswaded that this observation may be more properly applyed to Ireland which has been within these four hundred years mightily improved by clearing of grounds from a Wilderness and thereby consequently giving way for the enlargment of peoples Habitations Ireland being reported to be generally overgrown with Woods in Giraldus Cambrensis his time Though Ireland was very populous before the last War and is computed to be half as big as England yet I dare not say that it contained half as many people as England did because above one fourth part of Ireland is taken up with unprofitable Boggs Lakes and barren Mountains and for that the Towns Cities of England are far greater and more numerous in proportion than those of Ireland in so much as that the City of London it self may be thought to contain more people than one half of the Kingdom of Ireland in the best of times But whether Ireland did in its prime contain two millions of people or what more I will not take upon me to determin but do submit the decision of so doubtful a matter to more knowing persons together with the enquiry whither in time to come when Ireland shall be fully inhabited it may be thought though mixedly the English may inhabit the proportion of about one Province and an half of it though most numerous in the Provinces of Mounster and Leinster The Irish the like proportion of one Province and an half more though most numerous in the Province of Connnaght And the Scots inhabiting the proportion of a fourth part of Ireland but more numerous in the Province of Vlster than in any other The Irish tongue is sharp and sententious Their Language offereth great occasion to quick Apothegms and proper allusions wherefore their common Jesters Bards and Rymers are said to delight passingly those that conceive the grace and propriety of the tongue But the true Irish indeed differeth so much from that they they commonly speak that scarce one amongst five score can either write read or understand it Therefore it is prescribed among certain their Poetes and other Students of Antiquity The Italian Spanish and French Tongues are compounded of the Latine The German high and low Country Saxon Scotland and English have great affinity North-Wales South-Wales Cornwall and Little Britain in France as Cambrensis and Sir John Price have learnedly discoursed but the Irish except the Redshanks and the Scottish of the High-lands have affinity with no Tongue as I can learn more then with the British Language Many reasons there are to induce one to be of this opinion first of all according to the first command the Celtick Tongue was of force in all these Northern parts Bodinus writeth that the British and Celtick Language was all one Pausanius the Greecian maketh mention how the Celts in their Language called a Horse Marc and three Horses Trimarc the which the Welchman useth to this day with a guttural alteration Margh and Treemargh Also Camden the learned Antiquary of this our Age is of this opinion remembring the Story of Gurguntius and the infinite number of British Words in use among the Irish the which
did put the last hand to who having rooted out these two Rebellious Septs planted English Colonies in their rooms which in all the tumultuous times ever since kept their Habitations their Loyalty and Religion unless destroyed by the last Rebellion An. 1641. 2. 2. By the Rebellion of too Earl of Desmond An. 1583. In the five and twentieth year of Queen Elizabeths Reign Anno 1583 that infamous Rebel and Traytor to his Countrey Girald fitz Girald or Giraldides the eleventh Earl of Desmond of his Family when his men were consumed with Famin and Sword which had barbarously vowed to forswear God before they would forsake him and when he had escaped the hands of the Victorious English almost two years by lurking in uncertain corners was now by a common Soldier found in a little Cottage and unknown till having his Arm almost cut off he discovered himself and was slain being run through the body in many places his head being sent over into England was fixed upon a pole on London Bridge such end had this most powerful man in Ireland who derived his Pedigree from Maurice fitz Giralde of Winsor an Englishman most renowned amongst the first Conquerors of Ireland in the year 1170. He had goodly Lands and Possessions yea whole Provinces with Kerry a County-Palatine and very many Castles and a number of Tenements and Adherents and of his own Stock and Sir-name he had about five hundred Gentlemen at his Devotion Of all which and of his life also he was dispoyled within three years very few of the Family being left after he had broken his Allegiance to his Prince through the perswasion of certain Priests amongst whom the chiefest of all was Nicholas Sanders an Englishman who almost at the same instant was most miserably famished to death who being forsaken of all company and troubled in mind for the adverse success of the Rebellion he wandered up and down through Woods Forrests and Hills and found no comfort In his Pouch were found certain Orations and Epistles written to confirm the Rebels stuffed with large promises from the Bishop of Rome and the Spaniard By the downfal of this great Earl and his Adherents there fell such a great proportion of Land to the Crown in the Counties of Cork Kerrey and and Limrick as gave occasion to a brave English Plantation to be setled in those Southern parts of Ireland in the Reigns of King James and King Charles the first 3. 3. By the Rebellion of Edm. Burgh of Castle-Barry An. 1585. In the twenty seventh year of Queen Elizabeths Reign Anno 1585. Edmund Burgh of Castle Barry with his Sons and Adherents namely the Clan-Gibbons Clandonells and Joyes all of the Province of Connaght after they had drawn the Scots to their assistance and done the Countrey a great deal of mischief by their Rebellion were taken and condemned for Treason by means whereof there was a good portion of Land got to renew an English Colony in the Province of Connaght 4. By the Rebellion of Hugh Roe-Mac Mahone a great Lord in Ulster An. 1590. 4. In the one and thirtieth year of her Reign Anno 1590. by the Rebellion of Hugh Roe-Mac Mahon a great Lord in the Territory of Monaghan in Vlster for that he had with Banners displayed and exacted of his people Contributions due according to the barbarous manner of the Countrey being condemn'd and hanged his most large Lands and Livings were divided betwixt the English and certain of the Mac Mahons to hold the same paying certain yearly Rent to the Queen according to the Laws of England and this to the end that they might weaken that Family strong and powerful of Tenants and Adherents and blot out the Tyranny of Mac Mahone together with Title For by this Title those of that Family waxed insolent which by right or wrong took upon them the denomination Hereupon Brion O-Rerke a great Lord in the neighbour Countrey of Brenn and one who marvellously favoured and affected the Spaniards fearing lest the same might befal him took Arms against the Queen but being hunted into Scotland was very willingly delivered by King James to Queen Elizabeth who was Arraigned Anno 1591. in Westminster Hall for that he had excited and harboured Alexander Mac Conell and others against the Queen had commanded the Queens Picture painted in a Table to be hung at a horses taile and hurried about in scorn and disgracefully cut in pieces had entertained into his house certain Spaniards which were Shipwracked contrary to the Lord Deputies Proclamation had burnt down to Ashes the Houses of the Queens faithful Subjects by his Incendiaries had slain many of them and had offered Ireland into the possession of the King of Scots Sentence of death being pronounced upon him after a few days he suffered a Traytors death at Tiburn with a most obstinate mind This Traytors Land did also farther contribute towards the resetling of an English Plantation in the North of Ireland 5. By the dâ—signed Rebellion and flight of the Earl of Tyrone and his Adherents An. 1609. 5. In the sixth year of King James his Reign being Anno 1609. The Earl of Tyrone and Tirconnel Sir John O Daugherty and other great men of the North possessed of large Territories and great Jurisdictions conteining in the whole six Counties who being both uncapable of Loyalty and impatient of seeing the Kings Judges Justices and other Ministers of State to hold their Sessions and execute their Commissions of Oyre and Terminer within the parts where they commanded out of a guilty conscience having laid the foundation of a Rebellion but not being able to bring the same to effect forsook the Countrey and went into Spain leaving their whole Estates to the Kings disposal By whose directions their Lands were seized upon and sould to several Purchasers the City of London enfeoffed in a great part of them a great Plantation made in Vlster of English Welch and Scots by the united name of British Plantation By means whereof the foundations of some good Towns whereof London was one soon after encompassed with Stone walls were presently laid several Castles and Houses of strength built in several parts of the Countrey and great numbers of British Inhabitants setled there to the great comfort and security of the Kingdom And the same course was taken likewise for the better assurance of the peace of the Countrey in the Plantation of several parts of Leinster where the Irish had made incursions and violently expelled the Old English out of their Possessions And though the King was by due course of Law justly entitled to all their whole Estates there yet he was gratiously pleased to take but one fourth part of their Lands which was delivered over likewise into the hands of the British undertakers who with great cost and much industry planted themselves so firmly as they became of great security to the Countrey and were a most special means to introduce civility in
those parts so as now the whole Kingdome began exceedingly to flourish in costly Buildings and all manner of improvements the people to multiply and increase and the very Irish seemed to be much satisfied with the benefits of that peaceable Government and general tranquility which they so happily enjoyed 6. By the purchase of great quantities of Land by the Eng. in Ireland during the last forty years peace 6. During the continuance of this happy peace which lasted about forty years divers English purchased great quantities of Land in Ireland to plant upon 7. And last of all by that universal and most bloudy Rebellion in the year 1441. the Irish propriety except a few of all the Lands and Towns in the Provinces of Munster 7. Last of all by that universal and most a body Rebellion An. 1641. Leinster and Vlster became forfeited and was as I said disposed of between the Soldiers Adventurers and forty nine men Large proportions of Land were also purchased about the same time by the English in the Province of Connaght from the transplanted Irish at Loughreagh and Athlone so that upon the whole matter according to this account the Irish have by their desperate bloudy endeavours of rooting the English wholy out of Ireland dispossessed themselves and their posterity out of above three parts of four of the whole propriety thereof and therefore afforded the English opportunity and advantage to establish for the future such a firm settlement therein That the English by their late vast acquisitions in Ireland will be the better enabled thereby to breed up able Protestant Lawyers Divines for the service of the Church State of Ireland to the great strengthning of the Civil Government as they could never expect or hope for unless by such an inhumane and uuparalleld provocation Besides those particular advantages the English have obtained by these their late vast acquisitions in Ireland whereof a hint before As namely by having already upon the matter a sufficient number of able Protestants to serve as Parliament men High Sheriffs Justices of the Peace Grand and Petty Juries in most Counties in Ireland This one benefit more will be of no small moment to them which is that by their enjoying such plentiful Estates in that Realm they will thereby the better enabled to breed up a sufficient number of Learned Protestant Lawyers and Divines to serve the Publick which will very much tend to the strengthning of the Civil Government of that Kingdom A considerable part of the Profits whereof while in the possession of the Irish being disposed of for the carrying on of the forreign Education they most pernitiously imployed to the ruine of their own Countrey That the Romish Clergy and the Popish Lawyers were great instruments in the first plotting carrying on the Rebellion An. 1641. For it was observed that there were two sorts of persons who did most eminently appear in laying those main Fundamentals whereupon the bloudy Superstructures of the last Rebellion were afterwards easily reared up And these were such of the Popish Lawyers as were Natives of the Kingdome and those of the Romish Clergy of several degrees and orders For the first they had in regard of their Knowledge in the Laws of the Land very great reputation and trust they now began to stand up like great Patriots for the vindication of the liberties of the Subject and redress of their pretended grievances The Irish Lawyers drew a great party in the house of Commons to adhere to them and having by their bold appearing therein made a great party in the House of Commons then sitting at Dublin some of them did there Magisterially obtrude as undoubted maxims of Law the pernicious speculations of their own brain which though plainly discerned to the full virulency and tending to Sedition yet so strangely were many of the Protestants and well meaning men in the House blinded with an apprehension of ease and redress and so stupified with their bold accusations of the Government as most thought not fit others durst not stand up to contradict their fond Assertions so as what they spake was received with great acclamation and much applause by most of the Protestant Members of the Hou e many of which under specious pretenses of publick Zeal to that that Countrey they had inveigled into their party And then it was that having impeached Sir Richard Bolton Lord Chancellor of Ireland of High Treason together with the prime Officers and Ministers of State that were of English birth some of those great Masters took upon them with much confidence to declare the Law to make new Expositions of their own upon the Text to frame their Queries challenges fitter to be taken to a long wilfully overgrown misgovernment than to be made against an an Authority that had for many years strugled against the beloved irregularities of a stubborne people and which had prevailed far beyond former times towards the allaying of the long continued distempers of the Kingdom They disdained the moderate quallifications of the Judges who gave them modest answers such as the Law and duty to their Sovereign would admit But those would not serve their turn they resolved upon an alteration in the Government and drawing of it wholly into the hands of the Natives which they knew they could not compass in a Parliamentary way and therefore only made preparatives there and delivered such desparate Maxims which being diffused abroad would fit and dispose the people to a change As they declared it to be Law that being killed in Rebellion though found by matter of Record would give the King no forfeiture of Estate that though many thousands stood up in Arms in a Kingdom The Irish Lawyers offer'd to maintain absurd positions in point of Law to promote the Rebellion An. 1641. working all manner of destruction yet if they professed not to rise against the King that it was no Rebellion That if a man were Outlaw'd for Treason and his land thereby vested in the Crown or given away by the King his Heir might come afterwards and be admitted to reverse the Outlawry and recover his Ancestors Estate And many other positions of perilous consequence tending to sedition and disturbance did they continue to publish during that Session and by the power and strength of their party so far did they prevail at last as they presumed to attempt a suspension of Poynings Act anâ— indeed intended the utter abrogation of that Statute which remains as one of the greatest tyes and best monuments the English have of their entire dominion over the Irish Nation and the annexion of that Kingdom to the Imperial Crown of England They farther assumed power of Judicature to the Parliament in Criminal and Capital Offences a Right which no former age hath left any president for neither would this admit the Example And thus carrying all things before them they continued the Session of Parliament begun in May
The Life-Guard did consist of a hundred Men besides Officers and each of the other twenty nine Troops consisted of forty five men besides Officers only the Troops belonging to the general Officers had each of them fifty Men besides Officers viz. the Lord Lieutenants the Lieutenant Generals the Major Generals the Commissary Generals and the Scout-Master Generals Each Company in the Regiment of Guards did consist of an hundred Men besides Officers and each of the afforesaid sixty Companies consted of sixty Men besides Officers the whole Standing Army in Ireland amounting then to 1598 Horse and 4250 Foot The yearly pay of the whole Army with Horse and Foot Guards amounted to 140664 l. 8 s. 6 d. In the Militia of Ireland there are 103 Troops of Horse The Militia of Ireland 127 Companies of Foot by the instructions from the Lord Lieutenant and Council to the Commissioners of Array in each County each Troop was to consist of 50 Men besides Officers and every Company of 100 private Soldiers the whole Militia of Ireland amounting to 5150 Horse besides Officers and 12700 Foot besides Officers Since the aforesaid Establishment made in 1669. there have been several Reducements and alterations in the Army of Ireland and as it admits of more so it will be more than difficult to be exact in particulars This being premised I shall proceed to tell the Reader A caution against training the Irish to the Feats of Arms as being of ill coâ—sequence to tâ—e English Inte est in Ireland that hence forwards there will be no more need of training up the Irish together with the English in the Feats of Arms which as I hinted already sorted very ill with the English Interest in Ireland especially since the nine and twentieth year of Queen Elizabeths Reign being An. 1587. In which year Sir John Perot then Lord Deputy of Ireland being called home and having delivered up his Charge to Sir Will. Fitz-Williams the appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland it was observed that till that time the English men had very easie Wars in Ireland eight hundred Foot and three hundred Horse was holden an Invincible Army Randolph with six hundred English easily discomfited O-Neale with four thousand Irish Colier in the year 1571. with his one onely Company defeated a thousand Hebridanes in Connaght Three hundred Horse overthrew the Butlers with a great rabble of Rebels and to omit other such like two Companies of Foot won in one day above twenty Castles of the Irish But after they were by Perots commandment trained daily at home taught to use their weapons and discharge their Pieces at a Mark that they might be the more ready Servitors against the Hebridanes and afterwards being bred up â—n thâ— Netherland Wars they had leaâ—ned the manner of fortifications they â—hen and ever after certainly exercised the English with 〈…〉 difficult War This puts me in mind of another like passage I have read in a discription of Novum Belgium or New Netherland in America now called New-Yorke where relating the story how upon complaint made by King Charles the first to the States of Holland a little before the last unhappy Civil Wars in England of some of the Hollanders incroaching upon some parts of his Territories in Virginia then called New-Nederland but now New-Yorke the States having by publick Instrument utterly disclaimed any pretensions thereunto the Hollanders then inhabiting there did seem willing to be gone and leave all they had there for the sum of two thousand five hundred pounds yet taking advantage of the trouble which not long after followed in England they not only raised their demands to a greater height but furnished the Native Indians with Arms and taught them how to use their Weapons A most mischievous and wicked act not only tending to the dammage and discouragement of the then present Adventurers but even to the Extirpation of all the Christians out of those Countries But the best was they were the first that smarted by it the Savages thus Armed and Trained fell foul upon them destroying their Farm-houses and forcing them to betake themselves to their Forts and Fortresses How far the application of this Story may fit the Subject in hand as the matter stands in controversie between the Protestant party and Papists in Ireland I refer to the consideration of the judicious Reader The manner of Electing Parliament Men in this Kingdome Election is the same with that in England but the Acts are drawn up and pass'd differently as also those in Scotland where the Lords of the Articles after the Parliament is met prepare the Bills but here the Lord Lieutenant and Councel usually draw up such Bills as they think fit and transmit them to his Majesty and Councel in England where they come under a new Debate and if approved returned back under the Great Seal to the Lord Lieutenant who offers them to the Parliament Each House may reject them or else must consent to them in terminis without any alteration When any Bills are thus by both Houses agreed to then they are presented to the Lord Lieutenant who gives the Royal Assent The Law whereby the Houses are not trusted with the framing of their own Bills is called Poynings Law of which look back to page 106. A List of what Places Returns Parliament Men in IRELAND COm Ardmagh 2 Bor. of Ardmagh 2 Bor. of Charlemont 2 6 Com. Antrym 2 Bor. of Belfast 2 Bor. of Carickfergus 2 Bor. of Lisbon 2 Bor. of Antrym 2 10 Com. Catherlaugh 2 Bor. Catherlaugh 2 Bor. Old Leighlin 2 6 Com. Corke 2 City of Corke 2 Bor. of Mallow 2 Bor. of Baltimore 2 Bor. Cloghnekilty 2 Bor. Bandon Bridge 2 Bor. Kinsayle 2 Bor. Youghall 2 16 Com. Cavan 2 Borough of Cavan 2 Bor. of Belturbet 2 6 Com. Clare 2 Bor. of Inish 2 4 Com. Dublin 2 City of Dublin 2 Univer of Dublin 3 Bor. of Newcastle 2 Bor. of Swords 2 11 Com. Down 2 Bor. Down 2 Bor. Newtown 2 Bor. Newâ—y 2 Balkillaleagh 2 Bor. Bangor 2 Bor. Hilsborough 2 14 Com. Donegal 2 Bor Lifford 2 Bor. Ballyshannon 2 Bor. Killbeggs 2 Bor. Donegall 2 Bâ—r. St. Johns town 2 12 Villa de Drogheda 2 2 Com. Gallway 2 Bor. Gallway 2 Bor. Athenry 2 Bor. Tuam 2 8 Com. Fermanagh 2 Bor. Eniskilling 2 4 Com. Kerry 2 Bor. Traley 2 Bor. Dingleicough 2 Bor. Ardfart 2 8 Com. Kilkenny 2 Bor. Callen 2 Bor. Thomas town 2 Bor. Gowran 2 Bor. Emisteoge 2 Bor. Knoctopher 2 Bor. St. Kennis 2 Civit. Kilkenny 2 16 Com. Kildare 2 Bor. Kildare 2 Bor. Naas 2 Bor. Athy 2 8 Com. Regis 2 Bor. Philips town 2 Bor. Banagher 2 6 Com. Letrim 2 Bor. James-town 2 Bor. Carricdrumrusck 2 6 Com. Lymrick 2 Civit. Lymrick 2 Bor. Kilmallock 2 Bor. Askeaton 2 8 Com. Longford 2 Town of Longford 2 Bor. St. Johns town 2 Bor. Lainsborough 2 8 Com. Louth 2 Bor. Carlingford 2 Bor. Dundalke 2 Bor. Atherdee 2 8
00 Lord Viscount Wenman of Trian 10 00 00 Lord Viscount Shannon 13 6 8 Lord Viscount Clare 1â— 00 00 Lord Baron of Cahir 11 â—5 08 Total 484 11 08 Whereas Creation money is granted to one and the same person for two Honours that Sum which is granted with the highest Title is only to be paid Perpetuities  l. s. d. COlledge of Dublin 388 15 00 Dean of Christ-Church Dub. 045 00 08 Arch-Bishop of Dub. for Proxies 018 05 06 Bishop of Meath out of the Manner of Trim 003 15 00 Citizens of Dublin 500 00 00 Chanter of Christ-Church for Rent for a Plot of Ground 027 00 00 Total 983 02 02 Temporary Payments  l. s. d. LOrd Treasurer 30 00 00 Ke … 〈…〉 Castle Roâ—mâ— 18 05 00 Keeper of the Reâ—oâ—ds in Breminghams Tower 10 00 00 Total 36 05 00 Pensions and Annuities  l. s. d. COuntess of Tirconnell 300 00 00 Patrick Archer 205 l. per annum till he be paid 5883 l. 19 s. 6 d. 410 l. 5 s. 6 d. being granted to him by Letters Patent dated March 13. 1662. and his Majesties Letters May 2. 1662. 205 00 00 Lord Coursey and his Son John Coursey 150 00 00 Sarah King Widdow p. an 040 00 00 Mary Warrin p. annum 060 00 00 Sir James Dillon Knight p. an 500 00 00 Luke Gernon Esq p. an 100 00 00 John Dogherty Esq p. an 027 07 07 Joseph Maguire per annum 040 00 00 Anne Connock per annum 050 00 00 William Aubry per annum 052 00 00 Total 1524 07 07  l. s. d. FIve Commissioners of Accompts and the Clerks allowances 150 00 00 Payments for Extraordinaries by concordatums 6000 00 00 The total Sum of all the Payments aforesaid amounts to 16601 11 11 Total of the Militery Payments 155341 13 07 Total of both Lists 171943 05 08 Temporary Payments  l. s. d. KNight Marsh of Ireland 198 01 09 Scout Master General of Ireland 221 13 04 Secretary of War 456 05 00 Governor of Carrickfergus 199 04 07 The Mayor of the City of Dublin 146 00 00 Governor of the County of Clare 182 10 00 Constable of Hilsborough Fort 060 16 08 Total 1464 11 04 Part III. TO THE READER That it much imports the future security of the British Planters in Ireland to be for the most part if not wholy possessed by way of habitation of the chief Cities and strong Towns of Ireland as witness the Example of the City of Dublin HOw much it concerns the future well-fare and security of the Protestant British Planters to be for the most part if not wholy possessed by way of Habitation of the chief Cities and strong Towns of Ireland doth very evidently appear by these two Examples which may serve as sufficient Instances for all the rest viz. That of the City of Dublin And the other those of Limrick and Gallaway As for Dublin though it owed its whole being upon the matter and especially the sole cause of its late flourishing state and condition to the constant residency of the Lords Lieutenants and Lords Deputies of Ireland and the four Courts of Judicature there yet so ungrateful were the Popish Irish party therein and so little sensible of their own good as that when the Lords Commissioners upon the first discovery of the Conspiracy in October 1641. having happily provided for the security of the Castle of Dublin Their Lords took next into their care how to secure the City in some sort against any sudden attempts which proved a work not easie to be effected not only in regard of the crasiness of the Walls the large Suburbs and weakness of the place but much more in respect of the corrupt ill affection of the Popish Irish Inhabitants within the City who for the most part were so strangely deluded with the ill infusions of their Priests as they did certainly as was found afterwards by woful experience do all that in them lay to promote the Rebellious designs then set on foot as they believed only for the re-settlment of their Religion and recovery of their Liberties They were the Instruments to convey away privatly most of the chief Conspirators who would have surprised the Castle on the 23d of October They secretly entertained many of the Rebels that came out of the Country they likewise sent them relief that were abroad by secret ways conveying as well Ammunition as intelligence of all passages from thence And such wrong aversions had they against all Contributions for the maintenance of his Majesties Army as in the very beginning of the Rebellion when the Lords sent for the Mayor and Aldermen and laying before them the high necessities of the State together with the apparan danger of the City and Kingdom desired to borrow a considerable sum of money for the present which they undertook to repay out of the next Treasure that should arive out of England The Popish party amongst them was so prevalent as that after a most serious consultation very solemn debate among themselves they most impudently returned this answer that they were not able to furnish above forty pounds and part of that was to be brought in in Cattle And when in the heighth of the distractions there were no fortifications about the Suburbs nor any manner of defence for the City but an old ruinous Wall part whereof fell down about that very time so careless were the Citizens and so slowly went they about the making up that breach as that under pretence of want of money they let it lie open till the Lords sent unto them forty pounds towards the reparation As for those of Limrick and Gallaway And those of Lymrick Gallaway they had no less obligations laid upon them by the State of England under whose prosperous and benigne Government they flourished during the last forty years peace in such an extraordinary manner witness those many stately Buildings erected and vast Estates acquired by their Citizens during the said time as neither they nor any of their Ancestors did ever hope to enjoy or expect to ever see the like who by reason of the foule dealings of their neighbour country men were till of late times at such perpetual enmity with them as that they never trusted them as the old saying is No farther than they could see them and for this cause continually intermarried amongst themselves and so became as it were of one Kindred and Relation through each Town all being comprehended under a very few Sir names But surfeiting with too much prosperity and trusting too much to their own strength they declared themselves at last as rank Rebels as any of the rest of their Country-men for though by reason of the miscarriage of the maine plot of surprizing Dublin Castle it made them at first to stand at a gaze were put to take up second Counsels yet which seems miraculous notwithstanding they saw the power of the Northern Rebels begin to decline and