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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	act_n	king_n	time_n	3,467	5	3.5652	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A95583	A short relation of a long iourney, made round or ovall by encompassing the principalitie of Wales, from London, through and by the counties of Middlesex and Buckingham, Berks, Oxonia, Warwick, Stafford, Chester, Flint, Denbigh, Anglesey, Carnarvan, Merioneth, Cardigan, Pembrooke, Caermarden, Glamorgan, Monmouth, Glocester, &c. This painfull circuit began on Tuesday the 13 of July last, 1652. and was ended (or both ends brought together) on Tuesday the 7. of September following, being near 600. miles. Whereunto is annexed an epitome of the famous history of Wales. / Performed by the riding, going, crawling, running, and writing of John Taylor, dwelling at the sign of the Poets Head, in Phenix Alley, near the midle of Long Aker or Covent Garden.	Taylor, John, 1580-1653.	1653 (1653)	Wing T512; Thomason E1432_2; ESTC R209533	21,036	48

with it may be so then most uncurteous Mistris quoth I I doubt I must bee necessitated to take up my lodging in the Field To which the said ungentle Gentlewoman with her posteriors or butt end towards me gave me a finall Answer that I might if I would Whereupon I was enraged and mounted my Dun and in a friendly maner I tooke my leave saying that I would wander further and try my fortune and that if my stay at that house that night would save either Mr. Shallow-pate or Mrs. Jullock from hanging that I would rather lie and venture all hazards that are incident to Horse Man or Traveller then to be beholding to such unmanerly Mungrils Thus desperately I shaked them off that would not take me on and riding I knew not whither with a wide wild Heath under me and a wider Firmament above me I roade at adventure betwixt light and darkness about a mile when luckily a Gentleman overtook mee and after a little talk of my distresse and travail he bad me be of good chear for he would bring me to a lodging and entertainment in which promise he was better then his word for hee brought mee to a pretty Market Towne called Neath where he spent his money upon me for which kindness I thank him But one Doctour as they call him Rice Jones or Doctor Merriman came and supt with mee and very kindly payd all the reckoning That dayes journey being but 6 miles sterling The 19. of August I hired a Guide for 3 s. 16 miles to a place called Penline where somtime stood a strong Castle which is now ruined adjoyning to it or in the place of it is a fair house belonging to Anthony Turberville Esquire where although the Gentleman was from home the good Gentlewoman his Wife did with hospitable and noble kindnesse bid me welcome Fryday the 20. of August I rode a mile to an Ancient Town named Coobridge from whence I scrambled two miles further to Llanstrithyott where the Noble Gentleman Sure John Awbrey with his Vertuous Lady kept me three dayes in the mean space I rode two miles to the house of the Ancient and Honorable Knight Sir Thomas Lewis at Penmark to whom and his good Lady I humbly dedicate my gratitude The same day after Dinner I returned back to Llanstrithyott which was to me a second Golden Grove or Welch Paradice for Building Scituation wholsome Ayre Pleasure and Plenty for my free entertainment there with the Noble expression of the Gentlemans Bounty at my departure I heartily do wish to him and his with all the rest of my Honorable and Noble Worshipfull and friendly Benefactors true peace and happinesse internall externall and eternall Monday the 23. of August I rode eight miles to the good Town of Cardiffe where I was welcome to Mr. Aaron Price the Town Clark there with whom I dined at his cost and my perrill after Dinner he directed me two miles further to a place called Llanrumney where a right true bred generous Gentleman Thomas Morgan Esquire gave me such loving and liberall entertainment for which I cannot be so thankfull as the merit of it requires Tuesday being both Saint Bartholomews Day my Birth day the 24 of the Month and the very next day before Wednesday I arose betimes and travelled to a Town called Newport and from thence to Carbean and lastly to Vske in all 15 well measu'd Welsh Monmouthshire miles at Uske I lodg'd at an Inne the house of one Master Powell The 25. of August I rode but 12 miles by an unlook'd for accident I found Bartholomew Faire at Monmouth a hundred miles from Smithfield there I stayed two nights upon the large reckoning of Nothing to pay for which I humbly thank my Hospitable Host and Hostess Master Reignald Rowse and his good Wife Monmouth the Shire Town of Monmouthshire was the last Welsh ground that I left behind me August 27. I came to Glocester where though I was born there very few did know me I was almost as ignorant as he that knew no body my lodging there was at the signe of the George at the house of my Namesake Master John Taylor from whence on Saturday the 28. I rode 16. miles to Barnsley Of all the places in England and Wales that I have travelled to this Village of Barnsley doth most strictly observe the Lords day or Sunday for little children are not suffered to walke or play and two Women who had beene at Church both before and after Noone did but walke into the fields for their recreation and they were put to their choice either to pay sixpence apiece for prophane walking or to be laid one houre in the stocks and the pievish willfull women though they were able enough to pay to save their money and jest out the matter lay both by the heeles merrily one houre There is no such zeale in many places and Parishes in Wales for they have neither Service Prayer Sermon Minister or Preacher nor any Church door opened at all so that people do exercise and edifie in the Church-Yard at the lawfull and laudable Games of Trap Catt Stool-ball Racket c. on Sundayes From Barnsley on Monday the 30. of August I rode 30 miles to Abington from thence c. to London where I brought both ends together on Tuesday the 7. of September Those that are desirous to know more of Wales let them either travell for it as I have done or read Mr. Camdens Brittania or Mr. Speeds laborious History and their Geographicall Maps and Descriptions will give them more ample or contenting satisfaction ONE Humphrey Lloyd Esquire did exactly collect the Brittish or Welsh History from the Originall till the yeare 1510. after which it was continued by Doctor David Powell till the yeare 1584. Printed then and Dedicated to Sir Phillip Sidney Knight those who are desirous to read more largely let them make use of their larger Book But for such as love brevity or cheapnesse let them read this which followeth Cambria Brittania OR Ashort Abreviation of the History and Chronicles of VVALES By JOHN TAYLOR CARADOC of Lancarvan a studious Antiquary and a learned diligent Collector of the Successions and Acts of the Brittish Princes did write the History of Wales from the time and Raigne of Cadwallador who lived in the yeare of our Redemption 685 and continued the said Chronology near 500 years till the Raigne of Henry the second King of England It hath alwayes before those times and ever since that Writers for feare or flattery or profit have used shamefull or shameless partiality in publishing the fames of their owne Princes and Countrey above measure and beyond truth but in their detracting and traducing others they have been too liberall and in relating their Valour Vertues or Injuries of such they fancyed not they have been too sparing or wilfully negligent But to make bold and speak the truth it is worth good consideration to know what reason the English had to

after Howell entred England with an Army in which war he was slaine valiantly fighting in the yeare 984. to whom succeeded his Brother Cadwallon the 11. Prince he first warred against Jonavall the son of Meric whose eyes Howell had caused to be put out who by right was right Lord of all Wales In the end Jonavall was slain by Cadwalhon and the next year after Cadwalhon himselfe was kill'd by Meredith the son of Owen Prince of South-Wales Anno 985. The 12. King or Prince was Meredith ap Owen or the son of Owen which Owen was son to Howell Dha before mentioned he began in the yeare 986. and had a most troublesome Government for the Danes again wasted Anglesey They took Prisoner Lhywach Brother to Prince Meredith and put his eyes out and the Danes tooke 2000 Prisoners and either carried them away or put them to ransome and in the yeare 98. the Danes came againe and spoyled St. Davids Lhandydoch Llanbadarne Llanristed and all Religious Places of Devotion that their heathenish power could master In these troubles Prince Meredith was forced to give those miscreant Danes a peny a Head for every man that was then alive in all his Dominions which payment was called the Black Armies Tribute about this time all South-Wales was over-ran by the English and to fill the measure of the Affliction in Wales Meredith made mighty havock in Glamorgan-shire So that there was not any place in Wales free from the fury of fire and sword But to make the measure of misery heap and run over the Danes came once more and made a prey of the Isle of Anglesey with which continuall troubles Meredith being overladen and wearied resigned his Princely Authority to Edwal ap Meric ap Meredith or his own Grandchild Meredith died 998. Edwal the 13. Prince of North-Wales was scarce warm in his seat but Meredith sought and fought for re-possession and after much bloudshed lost his labour Then the Danes came again and spoiled much in North-Wales and the Prince valiantly fighting was slain and the same Danes came again to S. Davids ransack'd it and spoiled all the Countrey The 14. King was Aedan ap Belgored he fought for the Principality with Conan the son of Howell and slew him in the year 1003. About this time the Danes spoiled many places in West-Wales and in this Princes Raigne all the Danes in England were slaine in one night and Anno 1015. Prince Aedon was slain by his successor Lhewelyn ap Sitsylht after he had kill'd Aedan was the 15. Prince he had a peacefull and plentifull beginning till a low born Scot whose name was Runne faigned himselfe to be the sonne of Meredith ap Owen before named But Lhewelyn met him and fought with him and in the end made Runne run till at last he killed him And after that this Prince was slaine by Howell and Meredith the sons of Edwal 1026. The 16. Prince was Jago or James the son of Edwal he rained over North-Wales and Rytherch ap Jestin swayed in South-Wales 1031. But by continuall contention betwixt the Grandchildren of Howell Dha Rytherch Prince of South-Wales was slain by the English and then arose new Wars in NorthWales for Griffith ap Lbewelyn ap Sytylth war'd against Jago slew him and possest the Principality Anno 1037. Griffith ap Lhewelyn was the 17. Prince of North-Wales he overcame both the English and the Danes when they would have invaded his Land in Anno 1038. He had much trouble with Prince Howell of South-Wales but in the end he overcame him and possest his Principallity after this Griffith was treacherously taken by Conan the Son of Jago and as Conan was carrying him away towards some Irish Ships the Country arose up speedily and happily and after a sharpe fight redeemed their Prince Griffith and Conan was forced to flie for his life After that the Prince had another great fight with Howell ap Edwin which Howell was joyn'd with the Danes and English and in a bloudy battle the English and Danes were overthrown that very few escaped Howell was slain Prince Griffith victorious but peace lasted not three Months but Ritherich and Rees two of Jestins Sons made War upon Griffith and after a cruel fight all day the darke night parted them that both Armies returned with great losse to their homes About this time there raigned in Scotland a bloudy usurping Tyrant named Mackbeth hee caused a Lord one Bancho to bee murthered whose Son named Fleance escaped and fled into Wales and was courteously entertained with love and welcome to Prince Griffith Griffith had a bountifull Daughter with whom Fleance grew to be so familiar that he got her with child for which the offended Prince caused the head of Fleance to be strooke off and in rage cast off his Daughter who was in short time delivered of a Male Child named Walter This Walter grew to be a tall goodly Gentleman to whom few or scarce one was comparable for strength feature valour agillity and affability And when one in derision called him Bastard he killed him and fled into Scotland in the yeare 1052 and in the Raign of Robert Bruise King of Scots then with which King the said Walter won such favour for some gallant services which he had done that with love and honour he was made Lord Stuart or Steward of Scotland and receiver of the Kings whole Revenue and from that Office did come the name of Steward now called Stuart of which Sirname many Kings Princes Lords and Gentlemen have been and are descended Griffith ap Ritherch ap Jestin made hot War against Griffith ap Lhewelyn but Lhewelyn overcame and slew him 1054. then he made an inrode into England and with the ayd of Algar Earle of Chester hee spoyled all Hereford shire and burnt the City of Hereford to ashes and returned with much spoyle But in the conclusion the Danes were ayded by Harrold King of England and assisted by some perfidious Welsh Lords they entred Wales with great Forces at which time this Noble Prince Griffith ap Lhewelyn was treacherously murdered by his own men and his head presented to Harrold King of England Thus this gallant Griffith liv'd beloved and dy'd lamented when hee had governed 34 years Blethyn and Rywalhon were the Sonnes of Conum and Brothers by the Mothers side to Griffith ap Lhewelyn in the Raign of these two William Surnamed the Conquerour came into England Anno 1066. and in 1068. two Sons of Griffith ap Lhewelyn did raise War against Blethyn Rywalhon their names were Meredith and Ithell in these Wars Fortune playd a Game at Crosse Ruffe for Ithell was slain on the one side and Rywalhon on the other Meredith fled and Blethin was Master of all Wales Shortly after the Normans spoyled Cardigan and a great part of West-Wales and in the year 1073. Blethin was traiterously murdered by Rees ap Owen ap Edwin This Blethin was the 18. Prince who left four Sons But

from Aberconwy to Beumorris and to Bangor Tuesday 3. August which in all they are pleased to call 14 miles but most of the Welsh miles are large London measure not any one of them but hath a hand bredth or small cantle at each end by which means what they want in broadness they have it in length besides the ascending and descending almost impassable mountains and Break-neck stony ways doth make such Travellers as my selfe judge that they were no Misers in measuring their miles besides the land is courser then it is in most parts about London which makes them to afford the larger measure for course Broad-cloath is not at the rate of Velvet or Satten Wednesday the 4. of August I rode 8 miles from Bangor to Carnarvan where I thought to have seen a Town and a Castle or a Castle and a Town but I saw both to be one and one to be both for indeed a man can hardly divide them in judgement or apprehension and I have seen many gallant Fabricks and Fortifications but for compactness and compleatness of Caernarvon I never yet saw a parallell And it is by Art and Nature so sited and seated that it stands impregnable if it be well mand victualled and ammunitioned it is invincible except fraud or famine do assault or conspire against it I was 5. hours in Caernarvon and when I thought that I had taken my leave for ever of it then was I meerly deceived for when I was a mile on my way a Trooper came galloping after me and enforced me back to be examined by Colonell Thomas Mason the Governour there who after a few words when hee heard my name and knew my occasions he used me so respectively and bountifully that at his charge I stayd all night and by the means of him and one Mr. Lloyd a Justice of Peace there I was furnished with a Guide and something else to bear charges for one weeks travaile for which curtesies if I were not thankfull I were worth the hanging for being ingratefull The 5. of August I went 12. miles to a place called Climenie where the Noble Sure John Owen did with liberall welcome entertain me The 6. day I rode to a Town called Harleck which stands on a high barren Mountaine very uneasie for the ascending into by reason of the steep and uneeven stony way this Town had neither hay grass oats or any relief for a horse there stands a strong Castle but the Town is all spoild and almost inhabitable by the late lamentable troubles So I left that Towne for fear of starving my Horse and came to a place called Bermoth 12. miles that day as narrow as 20. That place was so plentifully furnished with want of provision that it was able to famish 100. men and horses I procured a brace of Boyes to goe two miles to cut grasse for my Dun for which I gave them two groats for my selfe and Guide I purchased a Hen boyld with Bacon as yellow as the Cowslip or Gold Noble My course Lodging there was at the homely House of one John Thomson a Lancashire English man Saturday the 7. of August I Horst footed and crawling upon all 4. 10. slender miles to Aberdovy which was the last lodging that I had in Merionethshire where was the best entertainment for men but almost as bad as the worst for horses in all Merionethshire August 9. I gat into Cardiganshire to a miserable Market Town called Aberistwith where before the late troubles there stood a strong Castle which being blown up fell down and many fair Houses with a defensible thick Wall about the Town are transformed into confused heaps of unnecessary Rubbidge within foure miles of this Town are the silver Mines which were honorable and profitable as long as my good friend Thomas Bushell Esquire had the managing of them who was most industrious in the work and withall by his noble demeanour and affable deportment deservedly gain'd the generall love and affection of all the Countrey of all degrees of people but since he hath left that important imployment the Mines are neglected From Aberistwith I went to the House of Sir Richard Price Knight and Baronet where my entertainment was freely welcome with some expression of further curtesies at my departure for which I humbly thank the noble Knight not forgetting my gratefull remembrance to Mr. Thomas Evans there that whole dayes journey being 9. miles Tuesday the 10. of August having hired a Guide for I that knew neither the intricate wayes nor could speake any of the Language was necessitated to have Guides from place to place and it being Harvest time I was forced to pay exceeding deare for Guiding so that some dayes I payd 2 s. sometimes 3. besides bearing their charges of meat and drinke and lodging for it is to bee understood that those kind of labouring people had rather reap hard all the day for six pence then to go ten or twelve miles easily on foot for two shillings That day after sixteen miles travell I came to the house of an ancient worthy and hospitable Gentleman named Sure Walter Lloyd he was noble in bountifull house-keeping and in his generositie caused his horse to be saddled and the next day hee rode three miles to Conway and shewd me the way to Caermarden which they do call 18 small miles but I had rather ride 30 of such miles as are in many parts of England the way continually hilly or mountainous and stony insomuch that I was forced to alight and walke 30 times and when the Sun was near setting I having foure long miles to go and knew no part of the way was resolved to take my lodging in a Reeke of Oats in the field to which purpose as I rode out of the stony way towards my field-chamber my Horse and I found a softer bed for we were both in a Bog or Quagmire and at that time I had much ado to draw myselfe out of the dirt or my poore weary Dun out if the Mire I being in this hard strait having night of Gods sending Owl-light to guide me no tongue to aske a question the way unknown or uneven I held it my best course to grope in the hard stony way againe which having found after a quarter of an houres melancholy paces a Horsman of Wales that could speak English overtook me and brought me to Caermarden where I found good and free entertainment at the house of one Mistris Oakley Caermarden the shire Town of Caermardenshire is a good large Town with a defencible strong Castle and a reasonable Haven for small Barks and Boats which formerly was for the use of good Ships but now it is much impedimented with Shelvs Sands and other annoyances It is said that Merlyn the Prophet was born there it is one of the plentifullest Townes that ever I set foot in for very fair Egs are cheaper then small Pears for as near as I can remember I will set down at what rates

make Warr against the Welsh Wales had ever been a free Countrey not subject to any Prince except their own they owed no Homage or Alegiance neither to England or to any other Crowne or State their Language Lawes and Customs were of their own institutions to which Lawes both Prince and people were subject they lived quietly upon their owne and they never went forth of their owne bounds to rob the English or to spoile and invade England or any other Nation Then the question is with much ease proposed and answered What cause did the Welsh give to the English to make Warre upon them to invade plunder spoile and kill the Answer is or may be Because the English were ambitious and covetous and also stronger then their Neighbours and being able and willing to do injury and oppress the Welsh they many times attempted to subject and conquer them and they on the other side did manfully resist and oppose their English Invadors as this brief Relation will truly declare and manifest Thus force resisted force the Saxons Danes English Irish and Flemmings all severally and sometimes joyned together to conquer and make prey and purchase of poor Wales they all striving to have the Goods and Lands that belonged not to them and the Welsh men with their best indeavours justly and valiantly holding their own They had kept their Country language 2700. years and the Historians Antiquaries and Gentry of that Nation did record their Laws Pedigrees and Genealogies with as much or more exact truth then many or any other Nations They had lived under their own Governours from the time of Heli the High Priest of the Jews 1800 years before Cadwallador who went to Rome and died there from which time the chief Rulers of Wales were sometimes stiled Kings sometimes Princes these were many times under one King or Prince of Northwales sometimes they had three Princes or Kings as North-Wales South-Wales and Powis Land These three Princes although they had many and mighty Enemies did often make Warre upon each other spoiling and harrasing their Countrey to the advantage of their Enemies and ruine of themselves But to proceed to the History In the yeare 688. Ivor a kinsman of Cadwalador was Prince some small time and hee also went to Rome and there ended his daies The Next Ivor Roderick Molwinnoc the second Prince of North-Wales rained 30 years he was Grandchild to Cadwallador a valiant man he died Anno 755. The third was Canon Tindaethwy a gallant Prince he Warr'd with good success against Offa King of Mercia who would have invaded North Wales but Canon did defend himselfe so stoutly that Offa with much loss retired the English at that time had not one foot of ground in Wales Anno 800. Mervin was the fourth King of North-Wales he married Esylht Daughter to Canon in his time Egbert King of the West Saxons invaded and spoyled Anglesey and Kenulph King of Mercia did much mischiefe in Powis Land whereby Mervin being overpowred was slaine valiantly fighting against the King of Mercia Anno 843. Roderick the second called the Great was the 5. King of North-Wales hee had much war with the English Mercians with various success but for the most part fortunate In his Raigne the Danes came and spoiled Anglesey against whom Prince Roderick manfully fighting was unfortunately slaine But some do write that he did beat the Danes out of Anglesey and slain afterwards in a Battell against the Englishmen Anno 876. when he had raigned with much love and honour 39 years The 6. King or Prince was Anarawd the son of Roderick and about that time of Anno 877. the Normans with their Duke Rollo invaded a great Province in France which from the name of Normans or Northern men is to this day called Normandy In the year of grace 878. the Danes and English men came with great powers against Wales between whom and the Welsh was then a bloudy battell near the water of Conwy where the Welsh had a mighty Victory which they called the Revenge for the death of Roderick Prince Anarawd died after much trouble in Anno 913. having Rained 34. years Seventhly or the 7. Prince was Edwal Voel the Danes spoyled Anglesey and the English burnt and spoiled Brecknock Athelstane King of England enforced the Welsh to pay him a yearly tribute of 20 pounds in Gold 300 pounds in silver and 200 Bieves or Cattell Afterwards Edwal Voel had raigned 25 years he and his Brother Else were both slaine fighting with the Danes Anno 938. The 8. Prince was Howell Dha he was a kinsman to Edwal Voel he was a Prince of South-wales but he afterwards had all Wales the English vexed him often and did much hurt but still Howel galantly resisted them and died much lamented in the year of Christ 948. The 9. were Jevas and Jago or James both Brethren and sons to Edwal Voel They had cruell wars with Owen and his Brethren the sons of Howel Dha in which Bickerings Owen with his Brothers were slaine About this time the Danes spoiled Anglesey and burnt Holy-head And also Wales was much troubled by Edgar King of England but it was agreed at last that the tribute of gold silver cattel which was laid on the Welsh Nation in Edwal Voels time after it had been paid near 13 years should be remitted and in lieu thereof the Princes of Wales were injoyned to pay a certaine number of Woolves heads for at that time four-leg'd Woolves did as much mischiefe amongst Beasts Sheep and Cattell as two-leg'd Woolves have done in these latter times amongst men and by the means of the yearly payment of the aforesaid Woolves heads there was not one of those ravenous beasts in three years payment to be found in all Wales or the Marches of England The Brethren the Princes fell our for Lordship and Love can brook no Rivalls or fellowship James imprisoned Jevaf a long time at which time the Danes entred Anglesey and did much spoile Howell the son of Jevaf made sharp war against his Unkle Jago or James and beat him and releast his Father after which he took his eldest Unkle Meric and put his eyes out but never restored his Father to his former estate but kept the Principality to himselfe This was about the yeare of our Lord 974. The 10. King or Prince of North-Wales or almost all Wales was Howell ap Jevaf or the son of Jevaf Anno 975. there was great wars and much bloudshed betwixt South and North-Wales but Howell took his Unkle James which had imprisoned his Father Jevaf and then possest all Wales in peace for a short while for the Danes brake in and spoiled many Towns and places in North-Wales and did much mischiefe to the Cathedrall of S. Davids And in 982. a great Army from England wasted and spoiled Brecknock and a great part of South-Wales but Prince Howell made war against them slew many and made the rest flee The second yeare