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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	act_n	king_n	time_n	3,467	5	3.5652	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A86615	Bella Scot-Anglica. A brief of all the battells, and martiall encounters which have happened 'twixt England and Scotland, from all times to the present. VVherunto is annexed a corollary, declaring the causes whereby the Scot is come of late years to be so heightned in his spirits; with some prophecies which are much cryed up, as reflecting upon the fate of both nations.	Howell, James, 1594?-1666.	1648 (1648)	Wing H3056; Thomason E435_25; ESTC R15335	15,099	23

the advenues and advantages of them Indeed in Edward the Seconds reign they got three battails and one at the fag end of Hen. the 8. wherein Sir Ralph Evers was slaine but it was more by stratagem than strength and besides the English might have been said to have fought rather against the Heaven and Elements then men having Wind and Sun in their faces but that might have been tearmed more properly a petty defeat then Victory for there fell not above 200. But what use did the Scot ever make of those Victories though the North parts have many places of fastnesse and tenable yet I reade not of any place they kept except Barwick all the rest of their Warres were but tumultuary sallies and predatory devastations and pilfrings But the English have taken foure of their Kings captives killed two of them in the Field carried away their Crown which they give out to be greater and more weighty than that of England their Ragman-Roll the Blacke Crosse with other instruments of Soveraignty and did sundry acts equivalent to a Conquest They pierced the very heart of the Kingdom and the Scot may be said to have onely trod upon Englands toe for they never came farther than the Walls of Yorke till the reigne of this thing that cals it selfe Parliament But if one should aske me why the English having made such firme Invasions from time to time into the very bowels of Scotland did not reduce it to a vassallage and perfect provincial obedience as well as to make their Kings fuedetary in which state they continued towards England near upon five hundred yeares My Answer shall be the same that Suetonius gives in behalfe of the Romans who notwithstanding they lorded over the rest of Brittany four hundred and odde yeares yet they never went about to conquer Scotland because they knew the prize would not have countervail'd the paines by reason of the cragginesse of the Countrey and incommodity of habitation therefore they thought it enough that Adrians Wall which extended from Tinmouth to Solway Frith near upon fourscore miles should be the Westerne Bounds of their Empire Out of the precedent Examples we may also gather that the Scot hath been alwayes of a genius apt and forward to stir against England upon any the least occasion For of those five and twenty Kings and Queens that have been since the Conquest onely five have been free of their insolencies yet did England never begin with them till she was justly provoked thereunto nor could Alliances nor Leagues or any tyes of Treaty confirmed by Solemne Oathes which are those religious Bonds that passe 'twixt God and the Soul detain the Scotish Kings from puzling and disturbing England when her Kings were most distracted in Warres with France and the better halfe of her strength imployed abroad so that the Scots may be said to have been from time to time as goads in Englands sides or a thorne in her toe and France leaguing meerly for his own advantage with them may be said to have made use of Scotland as the Fox did of the Cats foot to pull the Apple out of the Fire for his own eating yet for all these eager and irrefragable Combinations 'twixt the French and Her against England England ever bore up and made her party good and that in a victorious way against both and for Scotland she may be said to have given Her blowes for phillips But it seemes that Italian was well versed in the Scotishmens humours who understanding of the late Vnion between the two Kingdomes said that England had got no great catch by the addition of Scotland she had onely got a Wolfe by the eares who must be held very fast else he will run away to France Some there are who much magnifie and cry up the Scots of late yeares for great Souldiers tacitly derogating thereby from the English as if they should stand in some apprehension of fear of them but I cannot imagine upon what grounds they should do it true it is that since the Revolt of the Hollander and these seventy yeares Tumults in the Netherlands some of them are much improved in the Art of Warre and knowledge of Armes from what they were they have also pushed on their Fortunes in the Warres of Denmarke Sweden Russia Germany and France for Poland their Profession there is to trusse Packes rather than traile Pikes By reason of the quality of the Soile and Clime they have tough and hardy bodies and it may adde to their courage that they venture for a better Countrey in regard they cannot go to a worse than their own Now it must be granted that the greatest advantage wherewith Nature doth recompence a mountainous and sterile Soile above a luxurious and easie is to make it produce suffering bodies which made the Romans●e ninescore yeares conquering of Spain when they were but nine conquering of France For the first 't is answered that if the Scot hath made sallies abroad into other Countries of late yeares the English also have done the like and are in some places in greater numbers as in the Low-countries where at this day they treble the number of the Scots so that the Netherlands may be said to be a Military Yard for the English as well and he that is never so little versed in the Moderne Stories will finde that the Foundation of that State hath been chiefly cimented with English Bloud For the East countrey 't is true there are many able Scots Leaders and there are also many English of abilities and fame To the second if the Scots are a hardy People because of their cragges and mountaines I answer that the Welch and Cornish with them that dwell about the Northerne Alpes in England are as mountainous as they and I believe have as suffering and sturdy bodies which makes the world yield it for a Maxime that no Prince of Christendom hath a better choice to make Souldiers of than the King of Great Britain I will conclude with certain Prophesies the Scots do much speak of The first is out of Polychronicon where the Authour Ranulphus Cistrensis relates the words of a certain Anchorite who lived in King Egelbert his time now near upon 900. yeares ago and the words are these Angli quia proditioni ebrietati negligentiae domus Dei dedit● sunt primum per D●nos deinde per Normanos tertiùm per Scotos quos vilissimos habent conterentur varium erit saeculum varietas mentium designabitur varietate vestium 1. The Englishmen for that they wonneth themselves to treason to drunkennesse and wretchlesnesse of Gods House first by the Danes then by the Normans and lastly by the Scots whom they holden least in esteem shallen be overthrown 't will be an instable Age and the variablenesse of mens mindes shall appear by the variablenesse of their vestments The Danish and Norman Conquest have happened since and the third is to follow in the same manner say they not by Succession but by the Sword 2. The second are those Prophesies of Merlin who much tampers with the single Lion and of the Feats that he should do which they say is meant of their Lion within a double Treasure Rampant Mars counterflowred 3. Then come they to the Stone wherein they say the Fortune of their Kingdom is fixed which hath lain in Westminster now near upon five hundred yeares Ni fallat fatum Scoti quocunque locatum Invenient Lapidem regnare tenentur ibidem If Fate failes not the Scots where ere they finde This Stone there they shall reigne and rule man-kinde Which they interpret also must be by the Sword not by Succession 4. Then do they apply to themselves a Prophesie that the Irish have very frequent amongst them which is That the day will come when the Irish shall weep over the Englishmens graves 5. Lastly that which is so common in the English mens monthes Lincolne was London is and Yorke shall be which they say shall be at last the Seat of the British Empire to be erected there by them But I am none of those that afford much faith to rambling Prophesies but will conclude with a late much cried up Wise-man Sir W. R. that Prophesies are as seeds sown in the vast field of time whereof not one grain of a thousand comes to grow up yet these Prophesies may serve as so many Prospectives for England to behold though a far off in a mist the danger and destiny which may befall her from this growing Nation if not timely prevented 6. Hereunto may be added another very old and il-favoured one which shall fore run her fall Gens tua te prodit proh Anglia Scotia rodit O England Thine own People thee betray And Scotland makes of thee a prey FINIS Charles the 6. of France called le phreatique

Bella Scot-Anglica A BRIEF OF ALL THE Battells and Martiall Encounters which have happened 'twixt ENGLAND and SCOTLAND from all times to this present VVherunto is annexed a Corollary Declaring the causes whereby the Scot is come of late years to be so hightned in his spirits With some Prophecies which are much cryed up as reflecting upon the fate of both Nations Printed in the Yeare 1648. Bella Scot-Anglica A Briefe of all the Battels and Martiall Encounters which have happen'd 'twixt England and Scotland from all times to this present c. The Proeme THe Design of this short Discourse is to relate the Quarrels and sundry traverses of Warre which have passed from time to time between England and Scotland Extracted out of the most approved and impartiall Historians as well Scottish as English French and others Out of which premisses are deduced these Conclusions First That Scotland hath been alwayes apt and forward to apprehend any occasion to invade and visit her Neighbour England Secondly That when she was at the highest pitch of strength and had the greatest advantages against her when she had active and martiall Kings for her Generalls and the French for her firm Confederates with other Coadjutors and Auxiliaries she could never be a match no not by many degrees for England whether you respect the int●insick power of the Country or the innated prowesse of the people All which will clearly appeare by the circumstances and successe of divers Battells and interchangeable Exploits which being indifferently ballanc'd it will be found that if Scotland did sometimes beat England with the scabbard England may bee truly sayd to have beaten her more often with the blade I Will not look back and rake the ashes of antiquity so far as to speak of the sociall warre they entred into with the ancient Brittaines and Picts against the English when they began to take first firme footing in England Nor of that so famous battell 'twixt Athelstan and them at which time they had a great Army of Danes joyned with them when being above twice more in number then the English King Athelstan carried away a compleat victory by a kind of back-blow Parthian like For the two Armies being ready to joyne the English made semblance to fly away leaving all their baggage behinde and much matter for booty which as the Scots and Danes were sharing the English suddenly wheeled about by the advantage of a woody hill and finding them in disarray and the Souldiers laden with pillage they rushed upon them with that resolution that above fourty thousand of them fell and as Buchanan their Prime Chronologer recordeth the flower of their Nobility perished that day But I intend not to involve my discourse in these mistie times but will take my rise from the Norman Conquest for indeed the Historie of great Brittaine being over clouded with so many incertainties casteth but a dim light before those times whereas since she shines with such a lustre that what stands upon Record may be asserted for cleere and undeniable truth At that time I mean the time of the Conquest Scotland did England a very good office by preserving the English blood-royall which not long after returned to the Crowne in Henry the second but it was casually For Prince Edgar and his Mother with his two Sisters intending to goe for Denmarke some say for Hungarie and being by distresse of weather driven upon the Scottish coasts they were hospitably received by Malcoline then King of Scotland At which time civility with the English tongue took first footing in the Scottish Court as the French did amongst the English WILL the second THe first dart of War that was thrown 'twixt England and Scotland after the Conquest was in Will Rufus his raign when the Scots having made divers incursions into the English Pa●e Moubray Earle of Northumberland was sent against them who Encountring their King Malcoline with his eldest son in the field they were both slain and the whole Army overthrown Afterwards the Scots choosing the dead Kings brother King William went in person and depos'd him causing Edward the second son of the slain King to be crowned and making him to sweare fealty and homage to England But the Scots obtain'd the favour of King William that neither English or Norman should beare any office of State in Scotland King STEPHEN KIng Stephen having oblig'd the Scots by many high favours by giving Cumberland to David their King and making his eldest son Earle of Huntington Yet so ingratefull did they prove that they provok'd him to send Thurston then Archb. of Yorke with such an Army that meeting with the King himselfe in the head of his Forces he utterly discomfited him with the death of 10000. of his men HENRY the second HEnry the second though the pulse of those times did beat high and that he was distracted with a world of con●●●ions yet employing the York-shire Knights Humphrey Vile Scutvill and Vescy they with their victorious Armes tooke the Scots King in the field and tendred him prisoner at Northampton whence King Henry carried him along to attend him in his warres in France RICHARD the first RIchard coeur de Lion caused William King of Scotland to carry the Sword before him at his second Coronation at his return from the holy Land At which time King Rich. passed a Royall Charter that whensoever the King of Scotland was summond to the English Court the Bishop of Durham and Sheriffe of Northumberland should receive him at Tweede and accompany him to Teis from Teis the Archbishop of Yorke should attend him to the borders of that County and so the Bish. and Sheriffs of other Counties untill he came to the English Court King JOHN KIng Iohn one of the weakest Princes and the most forlorne that ever England had considering how the Pope and all the world did bandy against him and what fearefull exigents he was reduced unto yet finding Alexander the second then King of Scotland to give sanctuary to his fugitive clergy and foment others against him made an expedition thither himselfe but the two armies being ready to buckle the Scot seing fire and sword to gape upon him submitted himselfe and subscribed to such termes as the Conqueror propounded EDVVARD the First NOw come I to the scourge or as his Tombe in Westminster tells me the hammer of the Scotts-men Edwardus primus Scotorum malleus hic est He causeth Balioll to come to Newcastle to sweare Fealty and homage to him who after flying to the French King Edward was so netled for this his defection that though he had a farre greater arrand in France yet he chose rather to employ Edmund Earle of Lancaster thither and to march himselfe to Scotland in the front of a puissant army where the Scots in farre greater numbers shewed their teeth only but durst not bite King Edward summons Balioll to Berwicke when he resubmitted himself with all the Nobles in open Parliament which

the Earl of Norfolke was sent with 20000. men who for 8. daies did what he would within the bowels of the Country Anothor Army was sent undet the Command of the Lord Dacres and Wharton who gave them such a mortall blow that eight Earls were taken prisoners and 200. Gentlemen and 800. more and the stories concurre that there was scarce a souldier but had at least his two prisoners this was Solmemosse battell Yet for all this such is the inclination of the English to bee at peace with their neighbours that a match was concluded and ratified by act of Parliament with a speciall instrument under the Scots Noble-mens hands between Prince Edward and the young Queen Mary yet by the cunning negotiation of the French the Scot fell off Hereupon old king Henry who could digest no indignities sent 200. ships laden with souldiers to the Frith under the Earl of Hereford who marched as far as Edinburgh burnt the town and part of the castle returning with revenge and rich bootie A while after the Scots understanding the King was gone to France thought to serve themselves of that advantage and to fall upon the borders but the Earl of Hereford repelled them EDVVARD the sixt EDward the sixt though yet in his minority seemed to be sensible of the affront the Scot had put upon him for a wife though his Father had vindicated it pritty well but as the case stood nothing could concerne England more then to hinder that the French of any in the world should have her And now am I come to the last true battell that was fought 'twixt England and Scotland since the Conquest The Duke of Sommerset was appointed Generall the Earle of VVarwicke his Lieutenant Generall the Lord Clinton Admirall had 60. shipps of warre which were to hold course with the Land-forces So from Barwicke with a sober Army they entred Scotland consisting of about 13000. foot and 1200. men at arms 2500. light horse 16. peeces of Ordnance every peece having a guard of Pioners who came in all to 1400. They had marched as far as Musselborough far within the Country and with infinite pains did they surmount the naturall and artificiall difficulties of the wayes three small Castles they seized upon in their march without offering any act of violence to small or great They understood the Regent of Scotland did far exceed them in number and there came Recruits hourely to him for the fire crosse was carried about by the Heralds through all parts which is two firebrands upon the point of a Spear that all above 16. and under 60 should resort to the Generall rendezvous so that the Historians on both sides leave the number of them indefinite to this day but they all agree that they were at least twice as many and they had twice as many Ordnance yet notwithstanding many other advantage it pleased God to give the English a compleat victory and victories are the decrees of Heaven when there is no tribunall on earth to determine the quarrell This hapned precisely the same day that Flodden field battell was fought 34. years before There were 14000. slain out-right whereof there were 3000. Kirk-men Fryars and Monks above 1500. taken prisoners whereof young Huntly and other great Lords were of the number the spoiles of the field 30000 jacks and 30. peeces of Ordnance were shipped for England and the English plundred the Country up and down 5. daies march further To these exploits at home may be added a smart blow the English gave the Scots in Ireland in Sir Io. Perrots government for some 2000. Redshanks being come over by the Burks means like a swarm of Catterpillers they proll'd and pill'd up and down Sir Ri. Bingham then Governour of Connaught made head against them with a small contemptible number and at the river of Earne neer Slego slew them all out-right so that not one soule escaped to return to Scotland with newes what became of the rest Touching these late traverses of warre 'twixt England and Scotland 't is true that infortunate England hath drawne upon her selfe a great deale of dishonour in the opinion of the world abroad specially among those who understand not the true carriage of things For these late rushings in of the Scot cannot be so properly call'd invasions a●invitations by some spurious and most unworthy degenerous Englishmen who from a long time had plotted the bringing of them in and it was the most pernicious and basest treason that ever was practis'd against poore England But to give a full and satisfactory relation of this Warre I will deduce the busines from the beginning Before this unlucky storme fell 'twixt England and Scotland there were certain clowds issuing from the vapors of divers discontented braines plainly discern'd to hover up and downe a long time in both Kingdomes specially in that Northerne Region The first which appeard was when some yeers after his Majesties accesse to the crowne there was an act of revocation passed where some things which had insensibly slipped away from the crowne and other things which were illegally snatch'd from the church were resum'd and reannex'd to both which lighting upon some of the great ones they were over heard to murmure though this was done with as much moderation as possibly could be and by the mature advice of the Counsell of state there with the free opinion of the approved'st Lawyers of that Kingdome and from hence issued the first symptome of discontentment Not long after his Majesty being inform'd of the meane and servile condition of the Ministers of that Kingdome which have the charge of the conscience and service of God and make up a considerable part of the free borne subjects his Majesty understanding what poore pittances they receiv'd for their subsistence and for those small stipends also or rather almes of benevolence they depended upon the pleasure of the Laiks His Majesty by a speciall Commission to that end found away to augment and acertain that allowance and free them from that slavish kind of clientele and dependency they had upon the seculars Whence may bee inferr'd what monsters of ingratitude those men shew'd themselves to be afterwards by exasperating and poysoning the hearts of the people against their soveraigne in their virulent and seditious preachments and inviting them to armes Not long after when the poore husbandman and owners of corn were bound to pay tithes to lay persons call'd there the Lords of the ●rection were much incommodated by them because they could not take in their corn till the Parson had fetch'd away his tithe who sometimes to shew his power or spleen peradventure would defer of purpose the taking in thereof whereby the whole crop by not taking advantage of the weather would oftimes suffer His Majesty for the redresse of this grievance appointed Commissioners who found a way to purchase those tiths and bring the impropriators to take a pecuniary certain rent counterveylable unto them Hereupon the Laie