sea_n for_o their_o respective_a kingdom_n and_o territory_n thus_o canutus_n be_v king_n of_o the_o king_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o he_o himself_o also_o sufficient_o declare_v when_o he_o express_o affirm_v in_o what_o be_v before_o relate_v that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v under_o his_o dominion_n and_o so_o much_o for_o testimony_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o british_a sea_n have_v be_v possess_v not_o only_o by_o the_o britain_n after_o they_o have_v cast_v off_o the_o roman_a yoke_n but_o also_o by_o the_o english-saxon_a and_o danish_a king_n moreover_o it_o seem_v they_o do_v use_v to_o take_v a_o kind_n of_o course_n for_o the_o strengthen_n and_o preservation_n of_o their_o dominion_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n as_o the_o ancient_a german_n of_o who_o both_o dane_n and_o saxon_n be_v a_o part_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o midland_n city_n among_o they_o say_v 6._o caesar_z it_o be_v the_o high_a glory_n to_o make_v very_o large_a depopulation_n and_o lay_v all_o the_o country_n round_o about_o they_o waste_v measure_v their_o honour_n by_o their_o distance_n from_o any_o neighbour_n and_o account_v it_o the_o only_a token_n of_o valour_n when_o none_o dare_v plant_v themselves_o within_o their_o reach_n and_o beside_o they_o think_v by_o this_o mean_n to_o render_v themselves_o more_o secure_a by_o remove_v the_o fear_n of_o any_o sudden_a incursion_n so_o it_o have_v be_v the_o manner_n of_o those_o that_o at_o any_o time_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n to_o extend_v their_o dominion_n in_o the_o circumambient_a sea_n to_o the_o large_a circuit_n scour_v the_o sea_n about_o and_o keep_v other_o nation_n at_o a_o distance_n as_o it_o be_v from_o the_o wall_n or_o precinct_n of_o the_o island_n nor_o be_v those_o german_a city_n more_o master_n of_o that_o waste_n part_n of_o the_o country_n that_o lie_v about_o they_o than_o the_o king_n be_v of_o britain_n be_v over_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n but_o as_o we_o observe_v before_o of_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n so_o here_o also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v of_o the_o norwegian_n or_o norman_n for_o many_o time_n they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o people_n and_o other_o northern_a nation_n that_o those_o british_a isle_n which_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o west_n and_o northern_a sea_n be_v sometime_o so_o possess_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n as_o also_o by_o the_o norwegian_n and_o such_o other_o as_o infest_a the_o northern_a sea_n and_o invade_v the_o isle_n lie_v between_o they_o and_o britain_n that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o they_o also_o according_a to_o the_o various_a alteration_n of_o their_o dominion_n by_o land_n succeed_v one_o another_o for_o that_o interval_n of_o time_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o a_o proportionable_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o as_o a_o appendant_a to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o shore_n of_o britain_n the_o scot_n say_v a_o normannis_fw-la unknown_a author_n speak_v of_o the_o year_n dcccxlvi_o for_o many_o year_n become_v tributary_n to_o the_o norman_n who_o without_o any_o resistance_n enter_v and_o settle_v themselves_o in_o the_o isle_n lie_v round_o about_o and_o as_o touch_v the_o naval_a affair_n of_o the_o norman_n in_o our_o sea_n there_o be_v many_o passage_n to_o be_v see_v in_o regino_n the_o abbot_n aimoinus_n and_o other_o writer_n of_o that_o age._n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o be_v sufficient_o manifest_a that_o as_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o tumultuary_a &_o unsettle_a posture_n of_o affair_n in_o those_o day_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o island_n itself_o be_v very_o often_o toss_v to_o and_o fro_o so_o also_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n attempt_v disturb_v invade_v recover_v and_o defend_v as_o that_o which_o do_v inseparable_o follow_v the_o dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o island_n we_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o in_o the_o french_a history_n there_o be_v now_o and_o then_o some_o passage_n that_o speak_v of_o their_o naval_a power_n in_o this_o age_n which_o be_v collect_v by_o 7._o popelinerius_n but_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v gather_v from_o they_o that_o may_v set_v forth_o the_o least_o sign_n or_o shadow_n of_o a_o sovereignty_n or_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n very_o few_o indeed_o be_v to_o be_v find_v and_o such_o as_o either_o concern_v only_o the_o defend_v the_o mouth_n of_o their_o river_n against_o the_o norman_n and_o dane_n than_o rove_a up_o and_o down_o our_o sea_n or_o the_o subdue_a of_o the_o friezlander_n and_o some_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n whereunto_o also_o some_o other_o passage_n relate_v which_o we_o shall_v mention_v by_o and_o by_o when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n several_a testimony_n concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n set_v forth_o in_o general_a head_n chap._n xiii_o follow_v the_o order_n and_o method_n of_o our_o enquirie_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o treat_v of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o britain_n since_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n into_o england_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n our_o discourse_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n or_o that_o which_o flow'_v between_o england_n and_o the_o opposite_a shore_n or_o havens_n of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n now_o whereas_o it_o be_v confess_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o all_o dominion_n be_v chief_o found_v upon_o just_a possession_n or_o occupation_n and_o its_o continuance_n and_o that_o possession_n be_v not_o suppose_v to_o be_v have_v by_o the_o act_n either_o of_o the_o mind_n or_o body_n single_o and_o apart_o as_o possessione_n paulus_n long_o since_o have_v well_o determine_v but_o be_v most_o firm_o get_v and_o retain_v by_o the_o joint_a concurrence_n of_o mind_n and_o body_n whereupon_o it_o be_v distinguish_v into_o retinendâ_fw-la civil_a that_o be_v where_o there_o be_v a_o right_a or_o title_n by_o law_n and_o natural_a or_o corporal_a and_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o this_o dominion_n receiv_v a_o signal_n confirmation_n by_o a_o long_a continue_a assent_n a_o free_a and_o public_a confession_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o such_o neighbour_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v first_o then_o as_o concern_v the_o corporal_n or_o natural_a possession_n of_o this_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o be_v civil_a or_o by_o law_n and_o be_v retain_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n we_o shall_v give_v you_o very_o ample_a testimony_n since_o the_o time_n of_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o will_v show_v how_o this_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v acknowledge_v by_o those_o foreign_a or_o neighbor-nation_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v but_o forasmuch_o as_o what_o we_o shall_v thus_o speak_v of_o the_o english_a sea_n in_o general_n will_v chief_o relate_v to_o the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a or_o that_o which_o have_v the_o english_a shore_n on_o one_o side_n and_o france_n and_o germany_n on_o the_o other_o we_o will_v therefore_o discourse_n several_o of_o that_o which_o lie_v to_o the_o west_n of_o england_n and_o also_o of_o the_o scotish_n sea_n or_o that_o which_o lie_v more_o northerly_a as_o concern_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n both_o corporal_n and_o mental_a or_o civil_a continue_v for_o that_o space_n of_o time_n which_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o with_o the_o like_a dominion_n arise_v and_o retain_v thereupon_o there_o be_v divers_a notable_a and_o very_a clear_a testimony_n thereof_o which_o for_o method_n sake_n we_o divide_v into_o eight_o head_n whereof_o i_o the_o custody_n government_n or_o admiralty_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n as_o a_o territory_n or_o province_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n ii_o the_o dominion_n of_o those_o island_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o french_a shore_n iii_o the_o leave_v of_o passage_n through_o this_o sea_n grant_v to_o foreiner_n upon_o request_n iu_o the_o liberty_n of_o fish_v therein_o allow_v upon_o courtesy_n to_o foreiner_n and_o neighbour_n and_o the_o protection_n give_v to_o fisherman_n v._o prescribe_v of_o law_n and_o limit_n to_o foreiner_n who_o be_v in_o hostility_n one_o with_o another_o but_o both_o in_o amity_n with_o the_o english_a make_v prize_n of_o each_o other_o in_o this_o sea_n vi_o the_o record_n whereby_o this_o dominion_n be_v express_o assert_v by_o the_o by_o as_o a_o most_o undoubted_a right_n and_o that_o noâ—_n only_o by_o the_o king_n but_o by_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n when_o they_o debate_v of_o other_o matter_n vii_o the_o commentary_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o common_a custom_n of_o the_o nation_n which_o do_v either_o assert_v or_o at_o
bring_v merchandise_n out_o of_o flanders_n to_o london_n or_o that_o carry_v wool_n and_o skin_n from_o any_o other_o place_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o that_o admiralty_n to_o calais_n if_o a_o vessel_n be_v employ_v to_o fish_n for_o herring_n it_o pay_v the_o rate_n of_o six_o penny_n a_o week_n upon_o every_o ton._n if_o for_o other_o kind_n of_o fish_n so_o much_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v every_o three_o week_n as_o they_o who_o bring_v coal_n hither_o from_o newcastle_n pay_v it_o every_o three_o month_n but_o if_o a_o vessel_n be_v bind_v for_o prussia_n norway_n scone_n or_o any_o of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n it_o pay_v a_o particular_a custom_n according_a to_o the_o weight_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o freight_n and_o if_o any_o be_v unwilling_a it_o be_v lawful_a to_o compel_v they_o to_o pay_v that_o be_v to_o say_v there_o be_v certain_a officer_n that_o have_v authority_n to_o exact_v it_o have_v the_o command_n of_o six_o ship_n man_n of_o war_n for_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n or_o protection_n but_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o here_o faithful_o set_v down_o out_o of_o the_o scheduld_a original_a in_o the_o same_o language_n it_o be_v write_v that_o be_v the_o norman_a language_n of_o that_o time_n c'est_fw-fr l'ordinance_n &_o granté_fw-fr per_fw-la l'aduis_fw-la des_fw-fr marchaunds_n de_fw-fr londres_n &_o des_fw-fr autres_fw-fr marchaund_n vers_fw-la la_fw-fr north_n per_fw-la â—ossent_fw-la de_fw-fr touz_v les_fw-fr commune_v de_fw-fr parliament_n par_fw-fr devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr comte_n de_fw-fr northomberland_n &_o le_fw-fr meaire_fw-fr de_fw-fr londres_n pâ—r_fw-fr la_fw-fr garde_fw-fr &_o tuition_n du_fw-fr mire_n &_o coster_v del_o admiralté_fw-fr de_fw-fr north_n ove_fw-la deux_fw-fr nief_n deux_fw-fr bargis_n &_o deux_fw-fr ballingers_n armez_fw-fr &_o arraiez_fw-fr pour_fw-fr guerre_fw-fr sur_fw-fr les_fw-fr coustagis_fw-la que_fw-fr s'ensuient_fw-fr primerement_n pour_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr nief_n &_o craier_n the_o quele_n portage_n q'il_fw-fr soit_fw-fr que_fw-fr pass_n per_fw-la la_fw-fr mire_n dedeinz_fw-fr le_fw-fr dicte_n admiralté_fw-fr alant_fw-la &_o returnant_a pur_fw-mi la_fw-fr voyage_n de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr tonnetight_n vi_o d._n horspris_fw-fr niefs_fw-mi chargez_fw-fr ove_fw-la vin_n &_o niefs_fw-mi chargez_fw-fr ove_fw-la merchandise_n en_fw-fr flanders_n qe_fw-fr serront_fw-fr frettez_fw-fr &_o dischargez_fw-fr à _fw-fr londres_n &_o niefs_fw-mi chargez_fw-fr ove_fw-la leyne_n &_o peve_v a_o londres_n ou_fw-fr ailleurs_fw-fr dedeinz_fw-fr la_fw-fr dicte_n admiralté_fw-fr que_fw-fr serront_fw-fr dischargez_fw-fr à _fw-fr caleis_fw-la les_fw-fr quieux_fw-fr nief_n les_fw-fr garden_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr dicte_n mire_n ne_fw-fr serront_fw-fr tenuz_fw-fr de_fw-fr les_fw-fr conduire_n sans_fw-fr estre_fw-fr allovez_fw-fr item_n de_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr vesseau_fw-fr pessoner_n qe_fw-mi pessent_n sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr admiralté_fw-fr entour_n harang_fw-mi de_fw-fr quelle_fw-fr portage_n q'il_fw-fr soit_fw-fr en_fw-fr un_fw-fr semain_fw-fr de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr tonnetight_n vi_o d_o item_n de_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr des_fw-fr autres_fw-fr nief_n &_o vesseauz_fw-fr pessoner_n que_fw-fr pessont_fw-fr entour_n autres_fw-fr pesson_n sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n dedeinz_fw-fr la_fw-fr dicte_n admiralté_fw-fr de_fw-fr quele_n portage_n q'il_fw-fr soit_fw-fr en_fw-fr trois_fw-fr semaigne_v de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr tonnetight_n vi_o d_o item_n de_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr de_fw-fr touz_v autres_fw-fr nief_n &_o vesseaux_fw-fr passanz_fw-fr par_fw-fr mire_n dedeinz_fw-fr la_fw-fr dicte_n admiralté_fw-fr chargez_fw-fr ove_fw-la charbons_n ou_fw-fr novel_a chastiele_n seur_fw-fr tyne_n de_fw-fr quele_n portage_n q'il_fw-fr soit_fw-fr en_fw-fr le_fw-fr quarter_n de_fw-fr un_fw-fr a_fw-fr de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr tonnetight_n vi_o d_o item_n de_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr de_fw-fr touz_v autres_fw-fr nief_n craier_n &_o vesseaux_fw-fr passanz_fw-fr per_fw-la mire_n dedeinz_fw-fr la_fw-fr dicte_n admiralté_fw-fr chargez_fw-fr ove_fw-la biens_fw-fr des_fw-fr marchanz_n queconques_fw-la en_fw-fr espreux_fw-fr ou_fw-fr en_fw-fr northway_n ou_fw-fr en_fw-fr scone_n ou_fw-fr en_fw-fr ascune_fw-fr lieu_fw-fr en_fw-fr mesme_fw-fr les_fw-fr party_n de_fw-fr pardela_n pour_fw-fr le_fw-fr voyage_n alant_fw-la &_o retornant_a de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr last_n squar_fw-la viz._n lastas_fw-la grave_n vi_o d_o this_o be_v the_o ordinance_n and_o grant_v by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o merchant_n of_o london_n and_o other_o merchant_n towards_o the_o north_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o all_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n before_o the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n and_o the_o mayor_n of_o london_n for_o the_o guard_n and_o tuition_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o the_o north_n with_o two_o ship_n two_o barge_n and_o two_o ballingers_n arm_v and_o fit_v for_o war_n at_o these_o rate_n follow_v first_o to_o take_v of_o every_o ship_n and_o bark_n of_o what_o burden_n soever_o it_o be_v which_o pass_v through_o the_o sea_n within_o the_o say_a admiralty_n go_v &_o return_v for_o the_o uoiage_n upon_o every_o tun_n vi_o do_v except_o ship_n lade_v with_o wine_n and_o ship_n lade_v with_o merchandise_n in_o flanders_n which_o shall_v be_v unlade_v and_o discharge_v at_o london_n and_o ship_n lade_v with_o wool_n &_o skin_n at_o london_n or_o elsewhere_o within_o the_o say_a admiralty_n which_o shall_v be_v discharge_v at_o calais_n which_o ship_n the_o guardian_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v to_o convoy_n without_o allowance_n item_n to_o take_v of_o every_o fisherboat_n that_o fish_v upon_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o say_a admiralty_n for_o herrmg_n of_o what_o burden_n soëver_v it_o be_v for_o each_o week_n of_o every_o tun_n vi_o d_o item_n to_o take_v of_o other_o ship_n and_o fisher-boat_n that_o fish_n for_o other_o kind_n of_o fish_n upon_o the_o sea_n within_o the_o say_a admiralty_n of_o what_o burden_n soëver_o they_o be_v for_o three_o week_n of_o every_o tun_n vid._z item_n to_o take_v of_o all_o other_o ship_n and_o uessel_n pass_v by_o sea_n within_o the_o say_a admiralty_n lade_v with_o coal_n from_o newcastle_n upon_o tyne_n of_o what_o burden_n soever_o they_o be_v for_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o year_n of_o every_o tun_n vid._z item_n to_o take_v of_o all_o other_o ship_n bark_n and_o uessel_n pass_v by_o sea_n within_o the_o say_a admiralty_n lade_v with_o good_n of_o any_o merchant_n whatsoever_o for_o prussia_n or_o for_o norway_n or_o for_o scone_n or_o for_o any_o other_o place_n in_o those_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o uoiage_n go_v and_o return_v of_o every_o last_o vid._o so_o run_v the_o record_n of_o parliament_n which_o in_o that_o age_n be_v almost_o all_o write_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o language_n not_o such_o as_o arrive_v at_o shore_n be_v charge_v here_o as_o in_o most_o other_o place_n with_o custom_n as_o upon_o the_o account_n only_o of_o the_o shore_n but_o those_o that_o pass_v or_o sail_v by_o or_o use_v fish_v as_o well_o stranger_n as_o native_n and_o this_o be_v upon_o the_o request_n also_o of_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n under_o henry_n the_o five_o in_o the_o prefer_n of_o a_o certain_a bill_n which_o i_o have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o record_n and_o set_v down_o at_o large_a 23._o hereafter_o that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o desire_v it_o as_o be_v very_o well_o instruct_v in_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n touch_v that_o particular_a and_o of_o the_o king_n dominion_n nor_o can_v any_o thing_n be_v say_v more_o express_o for_o assert_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n over_o the_o sea_n itself_o for_o it_o be_v clear_o the_o interest_n of_o he_o who_o be_v lord_n or_o owner_n of_o the_o place_n to_o impose_v payment_n and_o service_n within_o a_o territory_n moreover_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n vi_o william_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr poole_n duke_n of_o suffolk_n be_v accuse_v in_o 38._o parliament_n the_o principal_a head_n of_o the_o charge_n be_v that_o he_o have_v convert_v the_o subsidy_n money_n to_o other_o use_n which_o have_v be_v impose_v and_o levy_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o word_n in_o the_o english_a be_v for_o the_o defence_n and_o tuytion_n and_o saufe_fw-fr keep_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o we_o read_v it_o in_o the_o record_n a_o demand_n be_v make_v also_o in_o 41._o parliament_n in_o the_o two_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n of_o forty_o thousand_o pound_n for_o the_o defence_n and_o saufegard_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o we_o read_v likewise_o in_o the_o record_n but_o why_o do_v i_o cite_v they_o here_o in_o those_o regis_fw-la act_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v publish_v abroad_o in_o print_n we_o very_o often_o find_v it_o as_o a_o thing_n assert_v by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o parliament_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n take_v large_a sum_n of_o money_n by_o way_n of_o subsidy_n or_o custom_n upon_o merchandise_n either_o import_v or_o export_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o keep_n and_o
to_o be_v present_v touch_v that_o business_n unto_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n king_n of_o france_n but_o only_o as_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v as_o lord_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v between_o and_o it_o be_v very_o improbable_a and_o not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v admit_v that_o they_o will_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n for_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o use_v to_o debate_v such_o matter_n a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o pass_v a_o bill_n that_o they_o will_v i_o say_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n require_v a_o impose_v of_o custom_n by_o the_o act_n of_o a_o english_a parliament_n in_o a_o place_n that_o be_v not_o subject_a as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o king_n of_o england_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o our_o present_a king_n charles_n do_v this_o last_o year_n declare_v that_o himself_o and_o his_o progenitor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v in_o all_o time_n hitherto_o by_o a_o ancient_a and_o most_o just_a title_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o his_o 1634._o letter_n patent_n send_v to_o the_o maritime_a county_n of_o england_n whereby_o ship-monie_n be_v impose_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o dominion_n by_o sea_n add_v moreover_o hereunto_o that_o in_o the_o agreement_n make_v betwixt_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n about_o the_o wear_n of_o colors_z or_o flag_n in_o every_o ship_n and_o punish_v offender_n by_o sea_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n be_v call_v londinensi_fw-la admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n du_fw-fr dict_z roy_fw-fr d_o engleterre_fw-fr or_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n other_o testimony_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o record_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n which_o i_o shall_v discourse_n of_o in_o the_o next_o place_n and_o after_o that_o concern_v the_o testimony_n of_o foreiner_n of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v chap._n xxiv_o the_o seven_o of_o those_o head_n according_a to_o the_o former_a division_n which_o manifest_a the_o aforesaid_a dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n relate_n to_o our_o law-book's_a and_o the_o receive_a custom_n therein_o which_o prove_v it_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v also_o in_o they_o many_o particular_n that_o may_v relate_v hereunto_o which_o be_v explain_v now_o and_o then_o touch_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o english_a admiralty_n and_o other_o thing_n already_o handle_v but_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v use_v either_o the_o determination_n and_o commentary_n of_o our_o own_o lawyer_n or_o chief_o such_o court-record_n as_o explain_v their_o opinion_n i_o confess_v indeed_o in_o some_o of_o the_o author_n of_o our_o law_n who_o write_v above_o cccl_o year_n ago_o or_o thereabouts_o after_o they_o have_v as_o the_o manner_n than_o be_v read_v through_o the_o civil_a law_n also_o they_o be_v so_o strict_a in_o follow_v those_o determination_n word_n for_o word_n which_o they_o find_v concern_v the_o sea_n in_o that_o law_n that_o when_o they_o treat_v the_o acquirendo_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la of_o the_o manner_n of_o acquire_v the_o dominion_n of_o thing_n they_o tranfer_v they_o into_o their_o own_o writing_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o henry_n bracton_n who_o be_v a_o very_a famous_a lawyer_n at_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o say_v 6._o naturali_fw-la jure_fw-la communia_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la haec_fw-la aqua_fw-la profluens_fw-la aër_fw-la &_o mare_n &_o litora_fw-la maris_fw-la quasi_fw-la maris_fw-la accessoria_fw-la by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v common_a run_v water_n the_o aër_fw-la and_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o accessory_n or_o dependent_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o aedificia_fw-la si_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr five_o in_fw-la litore_fw-la posita_fw-la fuerint_fw-la aedificantium_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la if_o building_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o shore_n they_o become_v they_o that_o build_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o a_o little_a after_o jus_fw-la piscandi_fw-la omnibus_fw-la common_a est_fw-la in_o portu_fw-la &_o in_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la a_o right_a of_o fish_v be_v common_a to_o all_o in_o a_o haven_n and_o in_o rivers_n which_o we_o find_v likewise_o in_o purchas_n some_o other_o of_o our_o law-book_n of_o that_o age_n as_o a_o passage_n that_o fall_v from_o some_o writer_n of_o who_o i_o speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o former_a book_n that_o be_v more_o affect_v than_o be_v meet_v with_o the_o word_n of_o ulpian_n and_o justinian_n in_o the_o general_a division_n of_o thing_n but_o these_o very_a man_n in_o other_o place_n show_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n do_v sufficient_o admit_v the_o king_n dominion_n by_o sea_n for_o bracton_n himself_o afterward_o speak_v of_o they_o that_o by_o the_o king_n grace_n and_o favour_n 57_o quieti_fw-la sint_fw-la de_fw-la theolonio_n &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la dandis_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la &_o mari_fw-fr &_o per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v exempt_v from_o pay_v toll_n and_o custom_n throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o land_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n both_o by_o land_n and_o by_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o same_o king_n time_n a_o freedom_n from_o some_o payment_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o so_o bracton_n when_o he_o return_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n no_o less_o than_o the_o land_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v also_o that_o inter_fw-la capitula_fw-la coronae_fw-la as_o they_o call_v they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o article_n or_o chief_a head_n whereof_o enquiry_n be_v to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n by_o judge_n delegated_a throughout_o england_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n we_o find_v this_o also_o de_fw-fr purpresturis_fw-la factis_fw-la super_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_n etc._n etc._n of_o tenant_n pourpresture_n make_v upon_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n either_o on_o land_n or_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o sweet_a water_n either_o within_o the_o liberty_n or_o without_o or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n whatsoëver_o and_o it_o be_v place_v among_o the_o article_n of_o this_o kind_n recite_v by_o a._n bracton_n himself_o and_o in_o the_o 20._o author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v fleta_n but_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n we_o call_v those_o thing_n pourpresture_n whereby_o detriment_n be_v do_v to_o any_o public_a place_n belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o public_a thoroughfare_n a_o river_n and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o ordinary_a article_n touch_v pourpresture_n in_o the_o general_a form_n of_o enquiry_n the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o king_n no_o less_o than_o of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_n and_o river_n agreeable_a hereto_o be_v that_o article_n about_o any_o kind_n of_o salt-water_n be_v enclose_v by_o any_o subject_n or_o possess_v in_o any_o other_o manner_n which_o in_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o our_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o disherison_n of_o the_o king_n the_o word_n be_v there_o 33._o item_n soit_fw-fr enquis_fw-la de_fw-fr ceulx_fw-fr qui_fw-fr acrochent_fw-fr à _fw-fr eulx_fw-fr eaves_n salee_v en_fw-fr desheretison_fw-fr du_fw-fr roy._n and_o at_o this_o day_n enquiry_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v about_o that_o business_n by_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n robert_n belknap_n also_o a_o eminent_a judge_n in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o 46._o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o english_a kingdom_n or_o of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n his_o word_n in_o the_o norman_a tongue_n run_v thus_o le_fw-fr mere_a est_fw-fr del_fw-it ligeans_n del_o roy_n come_v de_fw-fr son_fw-fr corone_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr he_o add_v to_o his_o word_n in_o a_o remarkable_a way_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n or_o as_o belong_v
sea_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n never_o have_v prohibit_v navigation_n and_o fish_n in_o the_o irish_a sea_n between_o england_n and_o ireland_n as_o if_o they_o will_v have_v have_v it_o prove_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o dane_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v prohibit_v fish_v or_o navigation_n between_o island_n and_o norway_n because_o neither_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o have_v possess_v the_o shore_n only_a on_o both_o side_n by_o a_o equal_a right_n there_o be_v other_o particular_n also_o no_o less_o rash_o speak_v touch_v a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o we_o observe_v before_o concern_v navigation_n and_o fish_n in_o the_o norwegian_a sea_n i_o shall_v add_v more_o by_o and_o by_o but_o as_o it_o be_v ill_o do_v of_o those_o commissioner_n in_o that_o treaty_n to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o a_o necessary_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o there_o be_v no_o truth_n in_o that_o which_o they_o let_v fall_v concern_v the_o irish_a sea_n for_o we_o know_v that_o not_o only_o those_o petty_a potentate_n border_v near_o the_o sea_n heretofore_o that_o be_v in_o rebellion_n and_o have_v usurp_v the_o king_n right_o in_o many_o place_n of_o ireland_n do_v exact_a grievous_a tribute_n of_o foreiner_n for_o the_o very_a liberty_n of_o fish_v but_o also_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v by_o act_n of_o â—_o parliament_n that_o no_o foreiner_n shall_v fish_v in_o the_o irish_a sea_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v to_o this_o purpose_n from_o the_o lord_n lieutenant_n or_o some_o other_o lawsul_n deputie_n or_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n yea_o and_o that_o all_o foreiner_n shall_v pay_v yearly_a for_o every_o fisherboat_n of_o xii_o ton_n or_o upward_o thirteen_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n and_o for_o every_o lesser_a vessel_n two_o shilling_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeit_v their_o vessel_n furniture_n and_o all_o good_n whatsoëver_o if_o so_o they_o refuse_v this_o kind_n of_o payment_n or_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v this_o soveraignite_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o i_o shall_v insert_v the_o whole_a act_n touch_v this_o business_n that_o we_o may_v understand_v what_o be_v the_o most_o receive_a opinion_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o ireland_n touch_v this_o right_a here_o of_o the_o king_n item_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o commons_o that_o where_o divers_a vessel_n of_o other_o land_n from_o one_o day_n to_o other_o go_v to_o fish_n among_o the_o king_n irish_a enemy_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o this_o say_a land_n by_o which_o the_o king_n say_v enemy_n be_v great_o advance_v and_o strengthen_v aswell_o in_o vitualle_n harney_n armour_n as_o dyver_n other_o necessary_n also_o great_a tribute_n of_o money_n give_v by_o every_o of_o the_o say_a vessel_n to_o the_o say_a enemy_n from_o day_n to_o day_n to_o the_o great_a augmentation_n of_o their_o power_n and_o force_v against_o the_o king_n honour_n and_o wealth_n and_o utter_a destruction_n of_o this_o say_a land_n thereupon_o the_o premise_n consider_v it_o be_v enact_v and_o ordain_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a parliament_n that_o no_o manner_n vessel_n of_o other_o land_n shall_v be_v no_o time_n nor_o season_n of_o the_o year_n from_o henceforth_o from_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o nativity_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n next_o come_v go_v in_o no_o part_n of_o the_o say_a land_n betwixt_o the_o say_a irish_a enemy_n to_o no_o manner_n fish_v without_o one_o special_a licence_n of_o the_o lieutenant_n his_o deputy_n or_o justice_n of_o the_o land_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o licence_n of_o another_o person_n have_v the_o king_n power_n to_o grant_v such_o licence_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n to_o the_o king_n and_o that_o whatsoever_o person_n or_o person_n that_o find_v or_o impeche_n any_o of_o the_o say_a vessel_n rumpant_n or_o forfaites_n against_o this_o act_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o they_o so_o make_v any_o claim_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n and_o approve_v the_o say_a forfayture_n by_o any_o of_o the_o say_a vessel_n to_o be_v make_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o one_o moitye_n of_o the_o say_a forfeiture_n and_o the_o say_a person_n or_o person_n shall_v have_v the_o other_a without_o any_o impechment_n and_o that_o all_o manner_n vessel_n of_o other_o land_n come_v in_o the_o say_a land_n of_o ireland_n a_o fish_n be_v of_o the_o burden_n of_o twelve_o ton_n or_o less_o have_v one_o drover_n or_o boat_n everye_o of_o they_o to_o pay_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o king_n war_n there_o xiii_o s._n iiii_o d._n by_o the_o year_n and_o all_o other_o small_a vessel_n as_o scarf_n or_o boat_n not_o have_v drover_n nor_o light_a being_n within_o the_o say_a burden_n of_o twelve_o run_v every_o of_o they_o shall_v pay_v twoe_o shilling_n go_n a_o fish_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n provide_v always_o that_o no_o vessel_n fysh_v in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o wicklo_n be_v charge_v by_o reason_n of_o this_o art_n and_o that_o the_o lieutenant_n his_o deputy_n or_o justice_n of_o the_o land_n for_o the_o time_n be_v shall_v have_v the_o foresay_a sum_n and_o duty_n of_o money_n so_o pay_v to_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o king_n war_n for_o the_o defente_fw-mi of_o the_o say_a land_n and_o that_o the_o customer_n and_o collector_n of_o the_o same_o sum_n shall_v account_n before_o the_o say_a justice_n lieutenant_z or_o deputy_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o such_o auditor_n that_o shall_v be_v for_o the_o same_o appoint_v by_o the_o king_n or_o they_o and_o not_o before_o the_o baron_n of_o th'exchequer_n in_o the_o say_a land_n and_o that_o none_o of_o the_o say_a vessel_n so_o come_v from_o other_o part_n in_o the_o say_a land_n shall_v not_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o say_a land_n till_o every_o of_o they_o pay_v their_o say_a duty_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o good_n to_o the_o king_n there_o be_v some_o also_o who_o affirm_v that_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n 189._o obtain_v leave_v by_o request_n from_o our_o queen_n marie_n for_o xxi_o year_n to_o fish_v in_o the_o more_o northerly_a part_n of_o the_o irish_a sea_n and_o that_o thereupon_o a_o revenue_n of_o one_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v advance_v to_o the_o exchequer_n in_o ireland_n a_o proclamation_n also_o be_v set_v forth_o by_o martii_fw-la james_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n prohibit_v any_o foreiner_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v to_o fish_v in_o this_o irish_a sea_n but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v that_o controversy_n about_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n although_o it_o be_v remember_v by_o giraldus_n who_o write_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v that_o it_o arise_v in_o the_o more_o ancient_a time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a when_o all_o that_o lie_v betwixt_o england_n and_o ireland_n be_v in_o subjection_n either_o to_o the_o king_n of_o ireland_n or_o britain_n that_o be_v when_o both_o of_o they_o have_v in_o this_o sea_n distinct_a territory_n of_o their_o own_o who_o bound_n be_v in_o question_n certain_a it_o be_v as_o 9_o beda_n write_v that_o edwin_n the_o most_o potent_a king_n of_o the_o nortbumbrians_n or_o rather_o of_o all_o the_o english-saxons_a subdue_v the_o mevanian_a isle_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n about_o the_o year_n dcxxx_o that_o be_v to_o say_v both_o that_o mevanian_n which_o we_o call_v anglesey_n &_o the_o other_o also_o which_o be_v man_n whereof_o we_o discourse_v but_o in_o the_o late_a time_n of_o the_o anglo-saxon_n empire_n the_o norwegian_n or_o dane_n who_o exceed_o infest_a both_o this_o and_o the_o north-east_n sea_n with_o very_o frequent_a robbery_n at_o length_n seize_v both_o this_o isle_n and_o the_o hebrides_n and_o hold_v they_o almost_o two_o hundred_o year_n so_o that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o of_o man_n can_v not_o in_o a_o civil_a sens_fw-fr be_v 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what_o have_v be_v already_o speak_v and_o from_o hence_o perhaps_o it_o be_v that_o the_o more_o ancient_a arm_n of_o the_o king_n of_o man_n be_v a_o ship_n with_o a_o sail_n fold_v together_o and_o this_o inscription_n add_v rex_fw-la manniae_fw-la &_o insularum_fw-la king_n of_o man_n &_o of_o the_o isle_n as_o m_n r_o 847._o camden_n observ'_v from_o their_o sail_n for_o the_o three_o leg_n of_o humane_a shape_n now_o every_o where_o know_v be_v but_o of_o late_a time_n but_o afterward_o when_o ireland_n be_v subdue_v by_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o king_n john_n and_o reginald_n king_n of_o man_n dorso_fw-la bring_v into_o the_o power_n of_o king_n john_n the_o english_a possess_v this_o sea_n at_o that_o time_n with_o a_o very_a numerous_a navy_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n at_o all_o to_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n round_o about_o be_v take_v also_o into_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a for_o in_o that_o age_n the_o king_n of_o man_n be_v no_o 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by_o she_o and_o her_o heir_n both_o of_o the_o port_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o s_o t_o john_n which_o be_v in_o the_o island_n of_o baccalaos_n and_o also_o of_o the_o whole_a sea_n as_o well_o as_o land_n on_o every_o side_n 151._o for_o the_o space_n of_o six_o hundred_o mile_n then_o he_o receive_v this_o new_a kingdom_n of_o the_o queen_n as_o her_o beneficiarie_n have_v a_o branch_n and_o a_o turf_n deliver_v in_o his_o hand_n according_a to_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n of_o england_n in_o transfer_v the_o ownership_n of_o land_n and_o possession_n nor_o true_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o he_o shall_v otherwise_o get_v the_o possession_n from_o whence_o this_o dominion_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o her_o posterity_n have_v its_o original_a for_o as_o paulus_n say_v well_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o he_o who_o dom._n intend_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o a_o field_n shall_v walk_v about_o the_o whole_a but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o he_o enter_v any_o part_n of_o that_o field_n so_o long_o as_o he_o do_v it_o with_o a_o mind_n thought_n and_o intent_n to_o possess_v the_o field_n to_o its_o utmost_a extent_n and_o bind_v which_o say_v may_v relate_v to_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o land_n that_o be_v never_o take_v into_o possession_n so_o that_o as_o agrorum_fw-la siculus_n flaccus_n treat_v of_o occupatorie_a land_n say_v man_n do_v not_o possess_v so_o much_o land_n as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o till_o but_o they_o reserve_v as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v in_o hope_n they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o till_o the_o like_a also_o may_v be_v say_v of_o a_o sea_n so_o take_v into_o possession_n look_v how_o much_o be_v reserve_v in_o hope_n of_o use_v and_o enjoy_v so_o much_o also_o be_v bound_v but_o perhaps_o the_o first_o original_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o this_o main_a sea_n of_o america_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o possession_n that_o be_v acquire_v by_o gilbert_n he_o rather_o restore_v and_o enlarge_v the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n here_o for_o that_o island_n call_v baccalaos_n be_v add_v to_o the_o english_a empire_n by_o 7._o sebastian_n chabot_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o afterward_o it_o grow_v to_o be_v a_o custom_n for_o the_o officer_n belong_v to_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n in_o who_o charge_n be_v all_o the_o sea_n subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n as_o king_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n to_o demand_v tribute_n of_o such_o as_o fish_v also_o in_o this_o sea_n which_o be_v i_o suppose_v a_o most_o evident_a token_n of_o the_o king_n dominion_n but_o it_o be_v 6._o provide_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o six_o that_o no_o tribute_n of_o that_o kind_n to_o the_o grievance_n of_o fisherman_n shall_v be_v pay_v any_o long_a how_o far_o our_o english_a colony_n late_o transport_v into_o america_n have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o sea_n there_o i_o have_v as_o yet_o make_v but_o little_a enquiry_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o scotish_n sea_n especial_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o north._n chap._n xxxi_o those_o particular_n which_o be_v cite_v before_o out_o of_o the_o 6._o proclamation_n of_o james_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n about_o the_o prohibition_n of_o fish_v relate_v as_o well_o to_o the_o scotish_n sea_n on_o every_o side_n from_o whence_o also_o you_o must_v acknowledge_v their_o possession_n have_v be_v retain_v together_o with_o a_o ancient_a sea-dominion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o foreiner_n be_v prohibit_v to_o fish_n in_o these_o sea_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v at_o edinburgh_n and_o in_o those_o scotish_n act_n of_o parliament_n they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o new_a law_n make_v as_o old_a one_o revive_v whereby_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o all_o manner_n of_o 86._o fischere_n that_o occupy_v the_o sea_n and_o uthere_n person_n quhat_o sumever_o that_o happenis_n to_o slay_v hear_a or_o quihte_a fish_n upon_o the_o coast_n or_o within_o the_o isle_n or_o out_o with_o the_o samen_n within_o the_o frithes_n bring_v they_o to_o free_a port_n etc._n etc._n where_o they_o may_v be_v sell_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o same_o kingdom_n quhairby_o his_o majesty_n custom_n be_v not_o defraud_v and_o his_o hienes_n liege_n not_z frustrate_v of_o the_o commodity_n appoint_v to_o they_o be_v god_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o confiscation_n and_o tynsel_n of_o the_o veschelle_n of_o they_o that_o cume_v in_o the_o contrair_a hereof_o and_o escheit_v of_o all_o their_o movable_a gudde_n to_o our_o sovereign_n lord_n use_v so_o that_o use_n and_o benefit_n be_v claim_v hence_o by_o a_o special_a right_n in_o that_o sea_n otherwise_o true_o that_o use_n and_o be_v fit_n will_v of_o right_n no_o more_o appertein_a either_o to_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n or_o his_o subject_n than_o to_o any_o other_o whomsoêver_o but_o the_o law_n be_v make_v concern_v all_o fisherman_n as_o well_o stranger_n as_o scotchman_n as_o be_v ordain_v by_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o that_o kingdom_n who_o so_o well_o understand_v both_o the_o king_n be_v right_a and_o also_o their_o own_o as_o subordinate_a to_o the_o king_n by_o tradition_n from_o their_o ancestor_n or_o by_o long-continued_a possession_n and_o dominion_n that_o there_o remain_v not_o the_o least_o ground_n of_o scruple_n touch_v that_o business_n and_o a_o scotish_n lawyer_n speak_v about_o fish_v in_o the_o eastern_a sea_n of_o scotland_n i_o can_v say_v 3_o he_o omit_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o in_o the_o past_a age_n after_o a_o most_o bloody_a quarrel_n between_o the_o scot_n and_o hollander_n about_o occasion_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n the_o matter_n be_v compose_v after_o this_o manner_n that_o in_o time_n to_o
thing_n in_o a_o manner_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o a_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n no_o mean_a man_n in_o a_o letter_n that_o he_o write_v some_o year_n since_o to_o a_o friend_n of_o he_o in_o england_n his_o name_n be_v gudbrandus_fw-la thorlacius_n bishop_n of_o hola_n in_o island_n who_o in_o a_o letter_n 590._o send_v hither_o anno_fw-la mdxcv_o to_o hugh_n branham_n pastor_n of_o harwich_n call_v the_o britain_n almost_o lord_n there_o of_o the_o whole_a sea_n there_o be_v say_v he_o a_o report_n now_o at_o this_o day_n that_o you_o of_o britain_n who_o i_o have_v almost_o call_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v negotiation_n every_o year_n in_o groenland_n but_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n deny_v it_o here_o and_o this_o more_o northerly_a sea_n which_o belong_v to_o island_n they_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o as_o they_o be_v king_n of_o norway_n and_o that_o by_o ancient_a right_n if_o not_o unjust_o pretend_v to_o this_o purpose_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o passage_n which_o i_o find_v in_o a_o speech_n of_o the_o ambassador_n of_o erricus_n the_o ten_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o denmark_n deliver_v unto_o our_o henry_n the_o five_o which_o run_v to_o this_o effect_n cottoniavae_fw-la most_o victorious_a king_n of_o england_n may_v it_o plea_n your_o majesty_n to_o understand_v that_o our_o most_o gracious_a lord_n the_o king_n of_o norway_n etc._n etc._n aforesaid_a have_v certain_a island_n to_o wit_n island_n jeroy_n hietland_n and_o many_o more_o belong_v to_o his_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n whereunto_o of_o old_a no_o person_n be_v wont_a to_o repair_v out_o of_o other_o country_n upon_o any_o occasion_n whatsoëver_o either_o of_o fish_v or_o merchandise_v under_o peril_n of_o life_n and_o limb_n nor_o may_v the_o man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n more_o than_o those_o of_o other_o country_n without_o special_a licence_n from_o his_o majesty_n nor_o may_v they_o after_o licence_n obtain_v set_v forth_o out_o of_o any_o other_o place_n than_o the_o city_n of_o bergen_n nor_o return_v to_o the_o same_o place_n but_o upon_o inevitable_a necessity_n or_o when_o they_o ought_v to_o pay_v custom_n and_o other_o duty_n to_o the_o king_n exchequer_n according_a to_o the_o most_o ancient_a custom_n of_o norway_n which_o have_v be_v constant_o observe_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n in_o that_o kingdom_n also_o in_o the_o year_n mccccxlv_n christophor_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n holland_n grant_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o zirickzee_n in_o zealand_n a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n into_o his_o kingdom_n island_n and_o other_o isle_n be_v except_v and_o prohibit_v which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o grant_n moreover_o out_o of_o the_o league_n make_v at_o koppenhagen_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n cottonianâ_fw-la mcdxxxii_o between_o our_o henry_n the_o sixth_o and_o the_o same_o erricus_n king_n of_o norway_n and_o denmark_n the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n who_o hold_v a_o treaty_n at_o bremen_n with_o the_o commissioner_n of_o our_o queen_n elisabeth_n in_o the_o year_n mdc_o two_o about_o the_o free_a use_n of_o this_o sea_n allege_v this_o article_n almost_o to_o the_o same_o sens_fw-fr it_o be_v provide_v that_o all_o merchant_n and_o all_o other_o man_n whatsoëver_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n do_v not_o presume_v hereafter_o under_o peril_n of_o loss_n of_o life_n and_o good_n to_o visit_v the_o country_n of_o island_n finmarck_n halghaland_n or_o any_o other_o prohibit_v place_n and_o unlawful_a port_n whatsoëver_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o norway_n yea_o and_o some_o year_n before_o the_o use_n of_o this_o sea_n be_v prohibit_v both_o to_o merchant_n and_o fisherman_n unless_o they_o be_v bind_v with_o merchandise_n to_o north-barn_n the_o most_o eminent_a town_n of_o traffic_n under_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o touch_v that_o particular_a there_o be_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o henry_n the_o sixth_o whereby_o 35._o such_o a_o kind_n of_o prohibition_n continue_v in_o force_n for_o certain_a year_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n so_o that_o there_o be_v many_o letter_n patent_n afterward_o grant_v by_o etc._n our_o king_n to_o their_o subject_n of_o england_n whereby_o they_o have_v licence_n to_o go_v unto_o island_n finmark_n and_o other_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o sweden_n but_o that_o statute_n the_o rigour_n whereof_o be_v dispense_v with_o at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n by_o such_o kind_n of_o grant_n become_v 1._o repeal_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o and_o joannes_n mayor_n make_v mention_n of_o that_o time_n say_v 1._o a_o fleet_n of_o english_a go_v every_o year_n to_o island_n beyond_o the_o arctic_a circle_n to_o catch_v fish_n but_o what_o manner_n of_o determination_n soêver_o ought_v to_o be_v make_v touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o this_o more_o northerly_a sea_n yet_o certain_a it_o be_v such_o a_o perpetual_a servitude_n at_o least_o be_v by_o several_a agreement_n betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o norway_n impose_v upon_o it_o that_o to_o this_o day_n also_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n enjoy_v a_o perpetual_a right_n of_o sail_v unto_o island_n and_o of_o use_v and_o enjoy_v this_o sea_n for_o by_o a_o league_n make_v at_o koppenhagen_n in_o the_o year_n mcdxc_o betwixt_o henry_n the_o seven_o of_o england_n and_o john_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n it_o be_v conclude_v habemus_fw-la that_o all_o merchant_n and_o liege-man_n fisherman_n and_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoëver_o be_v subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n may_v for_o ever_o in_o time_n to_o come_v sail_n free_o to_o the_o island_n tyle_n that_o be_v to_o say_v island_n for_o in_o that_o age_n it_o be_v general_o take_v for_o thule_n as_o it_o be_v now_o also_o by_o some_o thither_o to_o have_v 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and_o feat_n of_o fish_v second_o the_o decay_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o boat_n and_o ship_n and_o three_o the_o decay_n of_o many_o good_a mariner_n both_o able_a in_o body_n by_o their_o diligence_n labour_n and_o continual_a exercise_n of_o fish_v and_o expert_a by_o reason_n thereof_o in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o seacoast_n as_o well_o within_o this_o realm_n as_o in_o other_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v therefore_o enact_v that_o no_o manner_n of_o person_n english_a denizen_n or_o stranger_n at_o that_o time_n or_o any_o time_n after_o dwell_v in_o england_n shall_v buy_v any_o fish_n of_o any_o stranger_n in_o the_o say_a port_n of_o flanders_n zealand_n picardy_n france_n or_o upon_o the_o sea_n between_o shore_n and_o shore_n etc._n etc._n this_o act_n by_o many_o continuance_n be_v continue_v from_o parliament_n to_o parliament_n until_o the_o first_o of_o queen_n marie_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o next_o parliament_n and_o then_o 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majesty_n by_o mean_n of_o his_o own_o excellent_a wisdom_n and_o virtue_n and_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o his_o faithful_a subject_n and_o people_n may_v easy_o without_o injustice_n to_o any_o prince_n or_o person_n whatsoever_o be_v make_v the_o great_a monarch_n for_o command_n and_o wealth_n and_o his_o people_n the_o most_o opulent_a and_o flourish_a nation_n of_o any_o other_o in_o the_o world_n and_o this_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o his_o majesty_n be_v now_o absolute_a commander_n of_o the_o british_a isle_n and_o have_v also_o enlarge_v his_o dominion_n over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o western_a indies_n by_o mean_n of_o which_o extent_n of_o empire_n cross_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o whole_a ocean_n the_o trade_n and_o person_n of_o all_o nation_n remove_v from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o world_n to_o the_o other_o must_v of_o necessity_n first_o or_o last_o come_v within_o compass_n of_o his_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o our_o 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neptune_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n 1_o of_o thou_o great_a state_n the_o god_n of_o wave_n in_o equal_a wrong_n assistance_n crave_n defend_v thyself_o and_o i_o for_o if_o over_o sea_n there_o be_v no_o sway_n my_o godhead_n clean_o be_v take_v away_o the_o sceptre_n pluck_v from_o thou_o such_o as_o over_o sea_n all_o sovereignty_n oppose_v though_o seem_a friend_n to_o both_o be_v true_o foe_n 2_o nor_o can_v i_o think_v my_o suit_n be_v vain_a that_o land_n the_o sea_n shall_v now_o maintain_v since_o retribution_n due_a and_o england_n have_v great_a wealth_n possess_v by_o sea_n access_n and_o thereby_o blessed_v with_o plenty_n not_o a_o few_o which_o next_o the_o virtue_n of_o thy_o watchful_a eye_n will_v her_o secure_a from_o foreign_a miserle_n 3_o thy_o great_a endeavour_n to_o encrea_n the_o marine_a power_n do_v confess_v thou_o act'st_a some_o great_a design_n which_o have_v seven_o henry_n do_v before_o columbus_n launch_v from_o spanish_a shore_n the_o 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much_o of_o the_o same_o tenderness_n be_v express_v afterward_o by_o king_n james_n because_o as_o in_o the_o former_a reign_n so_o in_o he_o it_o be_v count_v reason_n of_o state_n to_o permit_v they_o to_o thrive_v but_o they_o turn_v that_o favourable_a permission_n into_o a_o licentious_a encroach_a beyond_o due_a limit_n put_v the_o king_n to_o a_o world_n of_o trouble_n and_o charge_n by_o ambassy_n and_o otherwise_o to_o assert_v his_o own_o interest_n and_o dispute_v they_o into_o a_o reasonable_a submission_n to_o those_o right_n which_o have_v be_v receive_v before_o as_o indisputable_a by_o all_o the_o world_n for_o the_o truth_n whereof_o i_o be_o bold_a to_o refer_v your_o honour_n to_o the_o memorial_n of_o several_a transaction_n in_o those_o day_n which_o i_o have_v add_v at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o book_n and_o for_o which_o i_o stand_v indebt_v as_o i_o be_o also_o for_o many_o other_o favour_n to_o a_o right_n honourable_a member_n of_o your_o own_o great_a 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the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o this_o island_n have_v in_o all_o time_n whereof_o there_o remain_n any_o write_a testimony_n both_o before_o the_o old_a roman_a invasion_n and_o since_o under_o every_o revolution_n down_o to_o the_o present_a age_n be_v hold_v and_o acknowledge_v by_o all_o the_o world_n as_o a_o inseparable_a appendant_a of_o the_o british_a empire_n and_o that_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o the_o king_n of_o england_n successive_o have_v have_v the_o sovereign_a guard_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o have_v impose_v tax_n and_o tribute_n upon_o all_o ship_n pass_v and_o fish_v therein_o that_o they_o have_v obstruct_v and_o open_v the_o passage_n thereof_o to_o stranger_n at_o their_o own_o pleasure_n and_o do_v all_o other_o thing_n that_o may_v testify_v a_o absolute_a sea-dominion_n what_o english_a heart_n i_o say_v can_v consider_v these_o thing_n together_o with_o the_o late_a act_n of_o the_o netherlander_n set_v forth_o in_o your_o public_a 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they_o be_v whole_o busy_v in_o vex_v and_o undermine_v the_o people_n liberty_n at_o home_n yet_o they_o be_v all_o very_a jealous_a of_o the_o right_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o nation_n at_o sea_n and_o good_a reason_n they_o have_v for_o it_o since_o without_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o sovereignty_n there_o the_o island_n itself_o have_v be_v but_o a_o great_a prison_n and_o themselves_o and_o the_o native_n but_o so_o many_o captive_n and_o vassal_n to_o their_o neighbour_n round_o about_o not_o so_o much_o seclude_v as_o exclude_v from_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o king_n ever_o conceive_v and_o maintain_v themselves_o as_o much_o monarch_n by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o the_o same_o you_o will_v find_v here_o be_v receive_v by_o all_o other_o state_n and_o prince_n the_o land_n and_o water_n that_o surround_n it_n make_v one_o entire_a body_n and_o territorie_n moreover_o our_o own_o municipal_a constitution_n every_o where_o 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to_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o england_n to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o man_n may_v question_v whether_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n or_o of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n or_o of_o any_o other_o province_n in_o france_n another_o also_o who_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o say_v it_o have_v be_v receive_v by_o ancient_a custom_n that_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n lie_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_z of_o the_o british_a sea_n to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o pirate_n and_o to_o render_v the_o use_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_a who_o soil_n be_v within_o his_o patrimony_n safe_a for_o ship_n for_o he_o express_v himself_o in_o english_a thus_o 51._o the_o king_n of_o the_o old_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n be_v bind_v as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o pirate_n and_o petit_fw-la robber_n of_o 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scotland_n france_n and_o ireland_n this_o proclamation_n be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o year_n 1636._o serve_v to_o speak_v the_o intent_n of_o those_o naval_a preparation_n make_v before_o in_o the_o year_n 1635._o which_o be_v so_o numerous_a and_o well-provided_a that_o our_o netherland-neighbor_n be_v touch_v with_o the_o apprehension_n of_o some_o great_a design_n in_o hand_n for_o the_o interest_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o guilt_n that_o lie_v upon_o their_o own_o conscience_n for_o their_o bold_a encroachment_n soon_o betray_v their_o jealousy_n and_o fear_n and_o in_o they_o a_o since_o of_o their_o offence_n before_o ever_o the_o proclamation_n be_v make_v public_a as_o i_o may_v show_v at_o large_a if_o it_o be_v requisite_a by_o certain_a paper_n of_o a_o public_a character_n yet_o in_o be_v but_o there_o be_v one_o instar_fw-la omnium_fw-la which_o may_v serve_v in_o stead_n of_o all_o and_o it_o be_v a_o acute_a letter_n of_o secretary_n coke_n that_o be_v write_v to_o sir_n william_n boswel_o the_o king_n be_v resident_n then_o at_o the_o hague_n the_o original_a whereof_o be_v still_o reserve_v among_o the_o public_a paper_n in_o which_o letter_n he_o set_z forth_o the_o ground_n and_o reason_n of_o prepare_v that_o gallant_a navy_n with_o the_o king_n resolution_n to_o maintain_v the_o right_n derive_v from_o his_o ancestor_n in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o i_o here_o render_v a_o true_a copy_n of_o it_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v this_o business_n as_o most_o pertinent_a to_o our_o purpose_n sir_n by_o your_o letter_n and_o otherwise_o i_o perceiv_v many_o jealousy_n and_o discourse_n be_v raise_v upon_o the_o preparation_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v fleet_n which_o be_v now_o in_o such_o forwardness_n that_o we_o doubt_v not_o but_o within_o this_o month_n it_o will_v appear_v at_o sea_n it_o be_v therefore_o expedient_a both_o for_o your_o satisfaction_n and_o direction_n to_o inform_v you_o particular_o what_o be_v the_o occasion_n and_o what_o be_v his_o majesty_n be_v intention_n in_o this_o work_n first_o we_o hold_v it_o a_o principle_n not_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n be_v a_o monarch_n at_o land_n and_o sea_n to_o the_o full_a extent_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o that_o it_o concern_v he_o as_o much_o to_o maintain_v his_o sovereignty_n in_o all_o the_o british_a sea_n as_o within_o his_o three_o kingdom_n because_o without_o that_o these_o can_v be_v keep_v safe_a nor_o he_o preserv_v his_o honour_n and_o due_a respect_n with_o other_o nation_n but_o command_v the_o sea_n he_o may_v cause_v his_o neighbour_n and_o all_o country_n to_o stand_v upon_o their_o guard_n whensoever_o he_o be_v fit_a and_o this_o can_v be_v doubt_v that_o whosoëver_o will_v encroach_v upon_o he_o by_o sea_n will_v do_v it_o by_o land_n also_o when_o they_o see_v their_o time_n to_o such_o presumption_n mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la give_v the_o first_o warning_n piece_n which_o must_v be_v answer_v with_o a_o defence_n of_o mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la not_o so_o much_o by_o discourse_n as_o by_o the_o loud_a language_n of_o a_o powerful_a navy_n to_o be_v better_o understand_v when_o overstrain_v patience_n see_v no_o hope_n of_o preserve_v she_o right_o by_o other_o mean_n the_o degree_n by_o which_o his_o majesty_n be_v dominion_n at_o sea_n have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v first_o impeach_v and_o then_o question_v be_v as_o considerable_a as_o notorious_a first_o to_o cherish_v and_o as_o it_o be_v to_o nur_n up_o our_o unthankful_a neighbour_n we_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o gather_v wealth_n and_o strength_n upon_o our_o coast_n in_o our_o port_n by_o our_o trade_n and_o by_o our_o people_n then_o they_o be_v glad_a to_o invite_v our_o merchant_n residence_n with_o what_o privilege_n they_o will_v desire_v then_o they_o offer_v to_o we_o even_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o their_o estate_n and_o then_o they_o sue_v for_o licence_n to_o fish_n upon_o the_o coast_n and_o obtain_v it_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o scotland_n which_o now_o they_o suppress_v and_o when_o thus_o by_o leave_v or_o by_o connivance_n they_o have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o our_o fishing_n not_o only_o in_o scotland_n but_o in_o ireland_n and_o england_n and_o by_o our_o staple_n have_v raise_v a_o great_a stock_n of_o trade_n by_o these_o mean_v they_o so_o increase_v their_o ship_n and_o power_n at_o sea_n that_o now_o they_o endure_v not_o to_o be_v keep_v at_o any_o distance_n nay_o they_o be_v grow_v to_o that_o confidence_n to_o keep_v guard_n upon_o our_o sea_n and_o then_o to_o project_v a_o office_n and_o company_n of_o assurance_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o trade_n and_o withal_o prohibit_v we_o free_a commerce_n even_o within_o our_o sea_n and_o take_v our_o ship_n and_o good_n if_o we_o conform_v not_o to_o their_o placart_n what_o insolence_n and_o cruelty_n they_o have_v commit_v against_o we_o heretofore_o in_o ireland_n in_o groâ—nland_n and_o in_o the_o indies_n be_v too_o well_o know_v to_o all_o the_o world_n in_o all_o which_o though_o our_o suffering_n and_o their_o wrong_n may_v seem_v forget_v yet_o the_o great_a interest_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v honour_n be_v still_o the_o same_o and_o will_v refresh_v their_o memory_n as_o there_o shall_v be_v cause_n for_o though_o charity_n must_v remit_v wrong_n do_v to_o private_a man_n yet_o the_o reflection_n upon_o the_o public_a may_v make_v it_o a_o great_a charity_n to_o do_v justice_n on_o cry_v crime_n all_o this_o notwithstanding_o you_o be_v not_o to_o conceiv_v that_o the_o work_n of_o this_o fleet_n be_v either_o revenge_n or_o execution_n of_o justice_n for_o these_o great_a offence_n past_a but_o chief_o for_o the_o future_a to_o stop_v the_o violent_a current_n of_o that_o presumption_n whereby_o the_o man_n of_o war_n and_o freebooter_n of_o all_o nation_n abuse_v the_o favour_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v peaceable_a and_o gracious_a government_n whereby_o he_o have_v permit_v all_o his_o friend_n and_o ally_n to_o make_v use_n of_o his_o sea_n and_o port_n in_o a_o reasonable_a and_o free_a manner_n and_o according_a to_o his_o treaty_n have_v take_v upon_o they_o the_o boldness_n not_o only_o to_o come_v confident_o at_o all_o time_n into_o all_o his_o port_n and_o river_n but_o to_o conveie_v their_o merchant_n ship_n as_o high_a as_o his_o chief_a city_n and_o then_o to_o cast_v anchor_n close_o upon_o his_o magazine_n and_o to_o contemn_v the_o command_n of_o his_o officer_n when_o they_o require_v a_o far_a distance_n but_o which_o be_v more_o intolerable_a have_v assault_v and_o take_v one_o another_o within_o his_o majesty_n be_v chamber_n and_o within_o his_o river_n to_o the_o scorn_n and_o contempt_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o power_n and_o this_o be_v of_o late_a year_n a_o ordinary_a practice_n which_o we_o have_v endeavour_v in_o vain_a to_o reform_v by_o the_o way_n of_o justice_n and_o treaty_n the_o world_n i_o think_v will_v now_o be_v satisfy_v that_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o look_v about_o we_o and_o no_o wise_a man_n will_v doubt_v that_o it_o be_v high_a time_n to_o put_v our_o selus_fw-la in_o this_o equipage_n upon_o the_o sea_n and_o not_o to_o suffer_v that_o stage_n of_o action_n to_o be_v take_v from_o we_o for_o want_v of_o our_o appearance_n so_o you_o see_v the_o general_a ground_n upon_o which_o our_o counsel_n stand_v in_o particular_a you_o may_v take_v notice_n and_o publish_v as_o cause_v require_n that_o his_o majesty_n by_o this_o fleet_n intend_v not_o a_o rupture_n with_o any_o prince_n or_o state_n nor_o to_o infringe_v any_o point_n of_o his_o treaty_n but_o resolve_v to_o continue_v and_o maintain_v that_o happy_a peace_n wherewith_o god_n have_v bless_v his_o kingdom_n and_o to_o which_o all_o his_o action_n and_o negotiation_n have_v hitherto_o tend_v as_o
by_o your_o own_o instruction_n you_o may_v full_o understand_v but_o withal_o consider_v that_o peace_n must_v be_v maintain_v by_o the_o arm_n of_o power_n which_o only_o keep_v his_o down_o war_n by_o keep_v up_o dominion_n his_o majesty_n thus_o provoke_v finde_n it_o necessary_a even_o for_o his_o own_o defence_n and_o safety_n to_o reassume_a and_o keep_v his_o ancient_a and_o undoubted_a right_n in_o the_o dominion_n of_o these_o sea_n and_o to_o suffer_v no_o other_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o encroach_v upon_o he_o thereby_o assume_v to_o themselves_o or_o their_o admiral_n any_o sovereign_a command_n but_o to_o force_v they_o to_o perform_v due_a homage_n to_o his_o admiral_n and_o ship_n and_o to_o pay_v they_o acknowledgement_n as_o in_o former_a time_n they_o do_v he_o will_v also_o set_v open_a and_o protect_v the_o free_a trade_n both_o of_o his_o subject_n and_o ally_n and_o give_v they_o such_o safe_a conduct_n and_o convoie_n as_o they_o shall_v reasonable_o require_v he_o will_v suffer_v no_o other_o fleet_n or_o man_n of_o war_n to_o keep_v any_o guard_n upon_o these_o sea_n or_o there_o to_o offer_v violence_n or_o take_v prize_n or_o booty_n or_o to_o give_v interruption_n to_o any_o lawful_a intercour_n in_o a_o word_n his_o majesty_n be_v resolve_v as_o to_o do_v no_o wrong_n so_o to_o do_v justice_n both_o to_o his_o subject_n and_o friend_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o sea_n and_o this_o be_v the_o real_a and_o royal_a design_n of_o this_o fleet_n whereof_o you_o may_v give_v part_n as_o you_o find_v occasion_n to_o our_o good_a neighbour_n in_o those_o part_n that_o no_o umbrage_n may_v be_v take_v of_o any_o hostile_a act_n or_o purpose_n to_o their_o prejudice_n in_o any_o kind_n so_o wish_v you_o all_o health_n and_o happiness_n i_o rest_v your_o assure_a friend_n and_o servant_n john_n cook_n whitehall_n 16_o april_n 1635._o our_o style_n in_o this_o letter_n you_o see_v first_o how_o it_o be_v hold_v for_o a_o undeniable_a principle_n that_o the_o king_n be_v king_n by_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o by_o land_n that_o neither_o the_o honour_n nor_o safety_n of_o this_o island_n and_o ireland_n can_v be_v maintain_v but_o by_o preserve_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o they_o that_o encroach_v upon_o we_o by_o sea_n will_v do_v it_o also_o by_o land_n when_o they_o see_v their_o time_n he_o declare'_v also_o how_o our_o unthankful_a neighbour_n be_v rise_v to_o this_o height_n and_o insolence_n partly_o by_o grant_n partly_o by_o connivance_n but_o principal_o through_o their_o many_o injurious_a abuse_n of_o our_o patience_n and_o indulgence_n and_o last_o you_o may_v observe_v here_o what_o resolution_n be_v then_o take_v to_o prevent_v the_o lilâ—e_a injury_n and_o preserv_v our_o english_a interest_n in_o time_n to_o come_v but_o how_o those_o resolution_n be_v follow_v in_o the_o succeed_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n i_o shall_v not_o stand_v to_o examine_v only_o it_o suffice_v here_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o claim_n of_o sea-dominion_n be_v make_v by_o he_o as_o well_o as_o by_o his_o father_n and_o for_o a_o time_n strenuous_o assert_v though_o afterward_o he_o slacken_v his_o hand_n in_o the_o prosecution_n whereof_o the_o netherlander_n take_v advantage_n and_o of_o our_o late_a commotion_n which_o be_v their_o halcyon-day_n and_o time_n of_o harvest_n be_v now_o advance_v to_o such_o a_o monstrous_a pitch_n of_o pride_n malice_n and_o ingratitude_n that_o they_o dare_v bid_v defiance_n to_o those_o ancient_a right_n which_o we_o have_v receive_v from_o all_o antiquity_n and_o justify_v their_o action_n by_o a_o most_o unjust_a and_o bloody_a war_n in_o the_o view_n of_o all_o the_o world_n what_o remain_n then_o but_o that_o the_o parliament_n and_o people_n of_o england_n shall_v lay_v these_o thing_n to_o heart_n with_o a_o indignation_n answerable_a to_o so_o prodigious_a violation_n and_o invasion_n they_o have_v now_o a_o opportunity_n and_o strength_n give_v they_o by_o god_n o_o let_v not_o heart_n be_v want_v to_o make_v good_a the_o claim_n and_o accomplish_v that_o work_n of_o establish_v our_o interest_n by_o sea_n beyond_o the_o possibility_n of_o future_a impeachment_n let_v it_o not_o be_v say_v that_o england_n in_o the_o state_n of_o monarchy_n be_v able_a to_o hold_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o many_o hundred_o year_n and_o then_o lose_v it_o in_o the_o state_n of_o liberty_n it_o be_v as_o now_o establish_v with_o its_o appendant_o the_o great_a and_o most_o glorious_a republic_n that_o the_o sun_n ever_o see_v except_o the_o roman_a god_n have_v make_v it_o so_o by_o land_n and_o will_v by_o sea_n for_o without_o this_o the_o land_n be_v nothing_o it_o be_v ever_o so_o apprehend_v by_o king_n yea_o by_o the_o last_o and_o worst_a of_o our_o king_n and_o shall_v the_o founder_n of_o this_o famous_a structure_n of_o government_n now_o in_o be_v who_o have_v cashier_v king_n and_o vindicate_v the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o this_o nation_n upon_o his_o head_n and_o his_o whole_a posterity_n and_o party_n not_o assert_v they_o against_o perfidious_a neighbour_n it_o be_v unpardonable_a in_o any_o to_o harbour_v a_o thought_n of_o that_o nature_n or_o to_o yield_v that_o such_o a_o blemish_n shall_v be_v bring_v upon_o all_o those_o glorious_a action_n and_o achievement_n whereby_o god_n have_v free_v and_o ennoble_v our_o land_n and_o nation_n but_o that_o the_o people_n of_o england_n may_v be_v excite_v to_o a_o valuation_n maintenance_n and_o improvement_n of_o their_o interest_n by_o sea_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o let_v they_o understand_v what_o advantage_n be_v to_o be_v make_v thereby_o and_o be_v make_v by_o other_o who_o of_o usufructuary_n by_o permission_n have_v in_o design_n now_o to_o make_v themselves_o absolute_a lord_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o convenient_a here_o to_o set_v down_o a_o excellent_a discourse_n which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o late_a king_n and_o present_v by_o the_o follow_a title_n the_o inestimable_a riches_n and_o commodity_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n the_o coast_n of_o great_a britain_n do_v yield_v such_o a_o continual_a sea-harvest_n of_o gain_n and_o benefit_n to_o all_o those_o that_o with_o diligence_n do_v labour_n in_o the_o same_o that_o no_o time_n or_o season_n in_o the_o year_n pass_v away_o without_o some_o apparent_a mean_n of_o profitable_a employment_n especial_o to_o such_o as_o apply_v themselves_o to_o fish_v which_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n unto_o the_o latter_a end_n continue_v upon_o some_o part_n or_o other_o upon_o our_o coast_n and_o therein_o such_o infinite_a shoal_n and_o multitude_n of_o fish_n be_v offer_v to_o the_o taker_n as_o may_v just_o move_v admiration_n not_o only_o to_o stranger_n but_o to_o those_o that_o daily_o be_v employ_v among_o they_o the_o summer-fishing_a for_o herring_n begin_v about_o midsummer_n and_o last_v some_o part_n of_o august_n the_o winter-fishing_a for_o herring_n last_v from_o september_n to_o the_o midst_n of_o november_n both_o which_o extend_v in_o place_n from_o boughones_n in_o scotland_n to_o the_o thame'_v mouth_n the_o fish_n for_o cod_n at_o alamby_n whirlington_n and_o white_a haven_n near_o the_o coast_n of_o lancashire_n from_o easter_n until_o whitsuntide_n the_o fish_n for_o hake_n at_o aberdenie_n abveswhich_n and_o other_o place_n between_o wales_n and_o ireland_n from_o whitsuntide_n to_o saint_n james_n tide_n the_o fish_n of_o cod_n and_o ling_n about_o padstow_n within_o the_o land_n and_o of_o severn_n from_o christmas_n to_o mid-lent_n the_o fish_n for_o cod_n on_o the_o west_n part_n of_o ireland_n frequent_v by_o those_o of_o biscay_n galicia_n and_o portugal_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o april_n until_o the_o end_n of_o june_n the_o fish_n for_o cod_n and_o ling_n on_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n of_o ireland_n from_o christmas_n until_o michaëlmas_n the_o fish_n for_o pilcher_n on_o the_o west_n coast_n of_o england_n from_o saint_n james-tide_n until_o michaëlmas_n the_o fish_n for_o cod_n and_o ling_n upon_o the_o north-east_n of_o england_n from_o easter_n until_o midsummer_n the_o fish_n of_o great_a staple-ling_n and_o many_o other_o sort_n of_o fish_n lie_v about_o the_o island_n of_o scotland_n and_o in_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n all_o the_o year_n long_o in_o september_n not_o many_o year_n since_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o devonshire_n near_o minigal_n 500_o tun_n of_o fish_n be_v take_v in_o one_o day_n and_o about_o the_o same_o time_n three_o thousand_o pound_n worth_n of_o fish_n in_o one_o day_n be_v take_v at_o s_o t_o ives_n in_o cornwall_n by_o small_a boat_n and_o other_o poor_a provision_n our_o five-men-boat_n and_o cobles_n adventure_v in_o a_o calm_a to_o launch_v out_o among_o the_o
holland_n buss_n not_o far_o from_o robinhood_n bay_n return_v to_o whitbie_n full_o fraught_v with_o herring_n and_o report_v that_o they_o see_v some_o of_o those_o buss_n take_v ten_o twenty_o twenty_o four_o last_n at_o a_o draught_n of_o herring_n and_o return_v into_o their_o own_o country_n with_o forty_o fifty_o and_o a_o hundred_o last_n of_o herring_n in_o one_o buss._n our_o fleet_n of_o collier_n not_o many_o year_n since_o return_v from_o newcastle_n lade_v with_o coal_n about_o the_o well_o near_a flanborough_n head_n and_o scarborough_n meet_v with_o such_o multitude_n of_o cod_n ling_n and_o herring_n that_o one_o among_o the_o rest_n with_o certain_a ship-hook_n and_o other_o like_a iustrument_n draw_v up_o as_o much_o cod_n and_o ling_n in_o a_o little_a space_n of_o time_n as_o be_v sell_v well_o near_o for_o as_o much_o as_o her_o whole_a lade_n of_o cole_n and_o many_o hundred_o of_o ship_n may_v have_v be_v there_o lade_v in_o two_o day_n and_o two_o night_n out_o of_o which_o wonderful_a affluence_n and_o abundance_n of_o fish_n swarm_v in_o our_o sea_n that_o we_o may_v the_o better_o perceiv_v the_o infinite_a gain_n which_o foreign_a nation_n make_v i_o will_v especial_o insist_v upon_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o hollander_n in_o our_o coast_n and_o thereby_o show_v how_o by_o this_o mean_n principal_o they_o have_v increase_v 1._o in_o ship_n 2._o in_o mariner_n 3._o in_o trade_n 4._o in_o town_n and_o fortification_n 5._o in_o power_n extern_a or_o abroad_o 6._o in_o public_a revenue_n 7._o in_o private_a wealth_n 8._o in_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n and_o store_n of_o thing_n necessary_a 1._o encreas_n of_o ship_n beside_o 700_o strand-boat_n 400_o evar_n and_o 400_o sullit_n driver_n and_o tod-boat_n wherewith_o the_o hollander_n fish_n upon_o their_o own_o coast_n every_o one_o of_o those_o employ_v another_o ship_n to_o fetch_v salt_n and_o carry_v their_o fish_n into_o other_o country_n be_v in_o all_o 3000_o sail_n maintain_v and_o set_v on_o work_n at_o least_o 4000_o person_n fisher_n tradesman_n woman_n and_o child_n they_o have_v 100_o doyer_n boat_n of_o 150_o tun_n a_o piece_n or_o thereabouts_o 700_o pink_n and_o well-boat_n from_o 60_o to_o 100_o tun_n a_o piece_n which_o altogether_o fish_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n for_o cod_n and_o ling_n only_o and_o each_o of_o these_o employ_v another_o vessel_n for_o provide_v of_o salt_n and_o transport_v of_o their_o fish_n make_v in_o all_o 1600_o ship_n which_o maintain_v and_o employ_v person_n of_o all_o sort_n 4000_o at_o least_o for_o the_o herring-season_n they_o have_v 1600_o buss_n at_o the_o least_o all_o of_o they_o fish_v only_o upon_o our_o coast_n from_o boughonness_n in_o scotland_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o thames_n and_o every_o one_o of_o these_o make_v work_n for_o three_o other_o ship_n that_o attend_v she_o the_o one_o to_o bring_v in_o salt_n from_o foreign_a part_n another_o to_o carry_v the_o say_a salt_n and_o cask_n to_o the_o buss_n and_o to_o bring_v back_o their_o herring_n and_o the_o three_o to_o transport_v the_o say_a fish_n into_o foreign_a country_n so_o that_o the_o total_a number_n of_o ship_n and_o buss_n ply_v the_o herring-fair_a be_v 6400_o whereby_o every_o buss_n one_o with_o another_o employ_v forty_o man_n mariner_n and_o fisher_n within_o her_o own_o hold_n and_o the_o rest_n ten_o man_n a_o piece_n which_o amount_v to_o 112000_o fisher_n and_o mariner_n all_o which_o maintain_v double_a if_o not_o treble_v so_o many_o tradesman_n woman_n and_o child_n a_o land_n moreover_o they_o have_v 400_o other_o vessel_n at_o least_o that_o take_v herring_n at_o yarmouth_n and_o there_o sell_v they_o for_o ready_a money_n so_o that_o the_o hollander_n beside_o 300_o ship_n beforementioned_a fish_v upon_o their_o own_o shore_n have_v at_o least_o 4800_o ship_n only_o maintain_v by_o the_o sea_n of_o great_a britain_n by_o which_o mean_v principal_o holland_n be_v not_o so_o big_a as_o one_o of_o our_o shire_n of_o england_n contain_v not_o above_o 28_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o three_o in_o breadth_n have_v increase_v the_o number_n of_o their_o ship_n to_o at_o least_o ten_o thousand_o sail_n be_v more_o than_o be_v in_o england_n france_n spain_n portugal_n italy_n denmark_n poland_n sweden_n and_o russia_n and_o to_o this_o number_n they_o add_v every_o day_n although_o their_o country_n itself_o afford'_v they_o neither_o material_n or_o victual_n nor_o merchandise_n to_o be_v account_v of_o towards_o their_o set_n forth_o beside_o these_o of_o holland_n lubeck_n have_v 700_o great_a ship_n hamborough_n six_o hundred_o embden_n fourteen_o hundred_o whereunto_o add_v the_o ship_n of_o bremer_n biscay_n portugal_n spain_n and_o france_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n fish_n in_o our_o sea_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o ten_o thousand_o sail_n of_o foreign_a vessel_n and_o above_o be_v employ_v and_o maintain_v by_o fish_v upon_o our_o coast_n so_o that_o in_o holland_n there_o be_v build_v a_o thousand_o sail_n at_o the_o least_o to_o supply_v shipwreck_n and_o augment_v their_o store_n which_o as_o the_o prince_n and_o common_a nursery_n be_v the_o chief_a mean_n only_o to_o encrea_n their_o number_n 2._o encreas_n of_o mariner_n the_o number_n of_o ship_n fish_v on_o our_o coast_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a 8400._o if_o we_o allow_v but_o twenty_o person_n to_o every_o ship_n one_o with_o another_o the_o total_a of_o mariner_n and_o fisher_n amount_v to_o 168000_o out_o of_o which_o number_n they_o daily_o furnish_v their_o long_a voyage_n to_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o be_v not_o only_o enable_v to_o brook_v the_o sea_n and_o to_o know_v the_o use_n of_o the_o tackle_n and_o compass_n but_o be_v likewise_o instruct_v in_o the_o principle_n of_o navigation_n and_o pilotage_n insomuch_o as_o from_o hence_o their_o great_a navigator_n have_v have_v their_o education_n and_o breed_n 3._o encreas_n of_o trade_n by_o reason_n of_o those_o multitude_n of_o ship_n and_o mariner_n they_o have_v extend_v their_o trade_n to_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n export_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o all_o their_o voyage_n our_o herring_n and_o other_o fish_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o same_o in_o exchange_v whereof_o they_o return_v the_o several_a commodity_n of_o other_o country_n from_o the_o southern_a part_n as_o france_n spain_n and_o portugal_n for_o our_o herring_n they_o return_v oil_n wine_n prune_n honey_n wool_n etc._n etc._n with_o store_n of_o coin_n in_o specie_fw-la from_o the_o strait_n velvet_n satin_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o silk_n allome_n currant_n oil_n and_o all_o grocery_n ware_n with_o much_o money_n from_o the_o east-country_n for_o our_o herring_n and_o other_o french_a and_o italian_a commodity_n before_o return_v they_o bring_v home_o corn_n wax_n flax_n hemp_n pitch_n tar_n soap-ash_n iron_n copper_n steel_n clap-board_n wainscot_n timber_n deal-board_n dollar_n and_o hungary_n gilder_n from_o germany_n for_o herring_n and_o other_o salt_n fish_n iron_n steel_n glass_n millstone_n rhenish_a wine_n button-plate_n for_o armour_n with_o other_o munition_n silk_n velvet_n rash_n fustian_n baratee_n and_o such_o like_a frankford_n commodity_n with_o store_n of_o rixdoller_n from_o brabant_n they_o return_v for_o the_o most_o part_n ready_a money_n with_o some_o tapestry_n and_o hull-shop_n yea_o some_o of_o our_o herring_n be_v carry_v as_o far_o as_o braseil_n and_o that_o which_o be_v more_o strange_a and_o great_o to_o our_o shame_n they_o have_v four_o hundred_o ship_n with_o fish_n which_o our_o man_n of_o yarmouth_n within_o ken_n almost_o at_o land_n do_v vent_v our_o herring_n among_o we_o here_o in_o england_n and_o make_v we_o pay_v for_o the_o fish_n take_v upon_o our_o own_o coast_n ready_a money_n wherewith_o they_o store_v their_o own_o country_n 4._o encreas_n of_o town_n and_o fort_n by_o this_o their_o large_a extent_n of_o trade_n they_o be_v become_v as_o it_o be_v citizen_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n whereby_o they_o have_v so_o enlarge_v their_o town_n that_o most_o of_o they_o within_o these_o four_o hundred_o year_n be_v full_a as_o great_a again_o as_o they_o be_v before_o amsterdam_n leyden_n and_o middleburgh_n have_v be_v late_o twice_o enlarge_v and_o their_o street_n and_o building_n so_o fair_a and_o orderly_o set_v forth_o that_o for_o beauty_n and_o strength_n they_o may_v compare_v with_o any_o other_o in_o the_o world_n upon_o which_o they_o bestow_v infinite_a sum_n of_o money_n all_o original_o flow_v from_o the_o bounty_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o whence_o by_o their_o labour_n and_o industry_n they_o derive_v the_o begin_n of_o all_o that_o wealth_n and_o greatness_n and_o particular_o for_o the_o havens_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a town_n whereof_o some_o of_o they_o cost_v forty_o fifty_o or_o a_o