and_o weight_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n 5_o of_o such_o as_o make_v spoil_n of_o wreck_n so_o that_o the_o owner_n come_v within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n can_v have_v their_o good_n 6_o of_o such_o as_o claim_v wreck_n have_v neither_o charter_n nor_o prescription_n 7_o of_o wear_v riddle_n blind-stake_n water-millsâ—_a etc._n etc._n whereby_o ship_n or_o man_n have_v be_v lose_v or_o endanger_v 8_o of_o remove_v anchor_n and_o cut_v of_o buoyrope_n 9_o of_o such_o as_o take_v salmon_n at_o unseasonable_a time_n 10_o of_o such_o as_o spoil_v the_o breed_n of_o oyster_n or_o dreg_n for_o oyster_n and_o mussel_n at_o unseasonable_a time_n 11_o of_o such_o as_o fish_v with_o unlawful_a net_n 12_o of_o take_v royal_a fish_n viz._n whale_n sturgeon_n purpoise_n etc._n etc._n and_o detain_v the_o one_o half_a from_o the_o king_n three_o offence_n against_o the_o admiral_n the_o navy_n and_o discipline_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o of_o judge_n entertain_v plea_n of_o cause_n belong_v to_o the_o admiral_n and_o of_o such_o as_o in_o admiralty_n cause_n sue_v in_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n and_o of_o such_o as_o hinder_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o admiral_n process_n 2_o of_o master_n and_o mariner_n contemptuous_a to_o the_o admiral_n 3_o of_o the_o admiral_n share_n of_o weif_n or_o derelict_n and_o of_o deodand_n belong_v to_o the_o admiral_n 4_o of_o fletson_n jetson_n and_o lagon_n belong_v to_o the_o admiral_n 5_o of_o such_o as_o freight_n stranger_n bottom_n where_o ship_n of_o the_o land_n may_v be_v have_v at_o reasonable_a rate_n 6_o of_o shipwrights_a take_v excessive_a wage_n 7_o of_o master_n and_o mariner_n take_v excessive_a wage_n 8_o of_o pilot_n by_o who_o ignorance_n ship_n have_v miscarry_v 9_o of_o mariner_n forsake_v their_o ship_n 10_o of_o mariner_n rebellious_a and_o this_fw-mi obedient_a to_o their_o master_n in_o the_o same_o ancient_a book_n of_o the_o admiralty_n there_o be_v a_o copy_n of_o a_o more_o ancient_a enquiry_n touch_v admiral_n cause_n wherein_o some_o thing_n relate_v to_o constitution_n make_v by_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o at_o grimesby_n viz._n that_o ship_n arrest_v for_o the_o king_n service_n break_v arrest_n shall_v be_v confiscate_v to_o the_o king_n and_o by_o king_n john_n at_o hastings_n that_o no_o private_a man_n shall_v appropriate_v to_o himself_o the_o benefit_n of_o any_o salt_n water_n by_o meers_n riddle_n and_o the_o like_a and_o that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v pull_v down_o and_o the_o fish_n cry_v common_a to_o all_o people_n be_v likewise_o order_v by_o king_n john_n this_o may_v suffice_v to_o confirm_v that_o there_o be_v certain_a special_a cause_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a which_o do_v ancient_o belong_v and_o proper_o to_o the_o conusance_n of_o the_o admiral_n and_o to_o show_v that_o his_o jurisdiction_n be_v not_o whole_o confine_v only_o to_o the_o sea_n 4_o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n as_o it_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n and_o be_v usual_o exercise_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n may_v consist_v with_o the_o statute_n and_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n first_o it_o appear_v by_o ancient_a record_n of_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o de_fw-fr superioritate_fw-la maris_fw-la that_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n and_o of_o divers_a other_o nation_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n enjoy_v the_o dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n by_o prescribe_v law_n and_o statute_n for_o the_o preserve_a peace_n and_o justice_n and_o by_o exercise_v all_o kind_n of_o authority_n in_o matter_n of_o judicature_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v concern_v his_o sovereignty_n in_o the_o same_o which_o be_v grant_v his_o power_n to_o depute_v a_o magistrate_n or_o officer_n to_o those_o purpose_n with_o so_o much_o of_o his_o authority_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a can_v be_v deny_v second_o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n and_o power_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n in_o his_o letter_n patent_n to_o the_o admiral_n be_v agreeable_a to_o commission_n ancient_o grant_v and_o which_o have_v be_v pass_v from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o the_o king_n learned_a counsel_n and_o by_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n or_o the_o lord_n keeper_n for_o the_o time_n be_v who_o have_v thereunto_o set_v the_o great_a seal_n 127._o and_o that_o the_o authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n be_v design_v by_o st_n edward_n cook_n by_o refer_v to_o grant_n of_o those_o office_n ancient_o make_v by_o many_o several_a king_n with_o exception_n only_o to_o one_o irregular_a precedent_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o three_o that_o mr._n selden_n show_v that_o all_o the_o patent_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o lord_n admiral_n 17._o from_o the_o begin_n of_o queen_n mary_n time_n to_o the_o time_n of_o king_n charles_n have_v be_v conceive_v after_o one_o and_o the_o same_o form_n and_o tenor_n as_o of_o edward_n lord_n clintâ—on_n afterward_o earl_n of_o lincoln_n under_z king_n philip_z and_o queen_n marry_o of_o charles_n howard_n lord_n effingham_n afterward_o earl_n of_o nottingham_n under_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o charles_n duke_n of_o york_n after_o king_n charles_n under_o king_n james_n and_o of_o george_n duke_n of_o buckingham_n under_o king_n james_n and_o king_n charles_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o patent_n of_o algernon_n earl_n of_o northumberland_n under_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o and_o of_o james_n the_o most_o illustrious_a duke_n of_o york_n under_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o four_o that_o the_o lord_n admiral_n and_o his_o deputy_n proceed_v according_a to_o his_o commission_n be_v express_o allow_v by_o king_n philip_n and_o queen_n mary_n where_o they_o by_o a_o statute_n restrain_v the_o exportation_n of_o corn_n without_o licence_n mar._n make_v a_o special_a provision_n that_o that_o act_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a or_o hurtful_a to_o the_o lord_n great_a admiral_n of_o england_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o to_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n majesty_n jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n but_o that_o the_o say_a lord_n admiral_n or_o his_o deputy_n shall_v exercise_v use_n and_o execute_v all_o kind_n of_o jurisdiction_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o his_o or_o their_o commission_n which_o provision_n although_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o respect_n of_o that_o statute_n yet_o it_o show_v what_o respect_v the_o king_n and_o queen_n intend_v to_o their_o lord_n high_a admiral_n their_o own_o admiralty_n jurisdiction_n in_o all_o matter_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o the_o commission_n by_o they_o grant_v against_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n as_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n and_o as_o it_o be_v exercise_v in_o the_o court_n it_o be_v pretend_v in_o general_a that_o it_o be_v not_o agreeable_a first_o to_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n second_o to_o divers_a judgement_n book-case_n and_o judicial_a proceed_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o resolution_n of_o the_o judge_n upon_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o admiral_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n articuli_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la all_o which_o more_o special_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o three_o head_n first_o where_o the_o admiral_n meddle_v with_o contract_n and_o write_n concern_v sea_n business_n make_v within_o the_o realm_n second_o where_o he_o meddle_v with_o other_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o body_n of_o county_n and_o three_o with_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v make_v or_o do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v first_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13._o rich._n 2._o chap._n 5._o which_o restrain_v the_o admiral_n from_o meddle_v with_o thing_n within_o the_o realm_n second_o that_o of_o the_o 15._o of_o the_o same_o king_n chap._n 3._o which_o declare_v that_o he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n within_o body_n of_o county_n three_o that_o of_o 2_o hen._n the_o 4._o which_o inflict_v penalty_n on_o those_o who_o sue_v or_o proceed_v contrary_a to_o that_o of_o the_o 13_o rich._n 2._o four_o that_o of_o the_o 5_o of_o elizabeth_n which_o be_v pretend_v to_o exclude_v the_o admiral_n from_o meddle_v with_o thing_n do_v within_o port_n and_o river_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v more_o general_a may_v in_o this_o place_n be_v consider_v the_o rest_n be_v more_o particular_a may_v in_o discuss_v of_o some_o other_o particular_a point_n to_o which_o they_o be_v appliable_a be_v examine_v that_o of_o the_o 13_o rich._n 2._o chap._n 5._o ordain_v that_o the_o admiral_n and_o their_o deputy_n shall_v not_o meddle_v of_o any_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o only_o of_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o have_v be_v use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o
council_n garsias_n mastrilli_n say_v he_o have_v all_o jurisdiction_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a in_o maritime_a cause_n exclusive_a to_o all_o other_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v divers_a other_o admiral_n 22._o both_o in_o europe_n and_o the_o indies_n of_o equal_a power_n marinus_n siculus_n say_v of_o the_o admiral_n of_o castille_n that_o he_o be_v next_o unto_o the_o constable_n and_o have_v supreme_a authority_n over_o all_o that_o use_v the_o sea_n and_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v lord_n and_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v also_o large_o describe_v in_o the_o partidos_fw-la beside_o for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o ordinary_a maritime_a business_n by_o the_o same_o law_n judge_n be_v appoint_v to_o reside_v in_o port_n town_n and_o other_o place_n on_o the_o sea_n coast_n which_o be_v to_o hear_v the_o cause_n of_o seaman_n concern_v freight_n of_o ship_n and_o contribution_n for_o good_n cast_v overboard_o or_o any_o other_o matter_n which_o judge_n be_v to_o proceed_v plain_o without_o solemnity_n and_o with_o all_o expedition_n etc._n etc._n fontan_n in_o france_n by_o a_o ordinance_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o make_v upon_o a_o survey_n of_o all_o other_o former_a ordinance_n ratify_v by_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n the_o office_n of_o the_o admiral_n in_o the_o king_n name_n be_v thus_o declare_v 1._o that_o of_o all_o army_n which_o shall_v be_v raise_v and_o set_v to_o sea_n the_o admiral_n of_o france_n shall_v be_v chief_a and_o our_o lieutenant_n general_n and_o shall_v be_v obey_v in_o all_o maritime_a town_n and_o place_n which_o be_v or_o may_v be_v without_o contradiction_n second_o he_o shall_v have_v jurisdiction_n conusance_n and_o determination_n of_o all_o thing_n do_v or_o commit_v on_o the_o sea_n or_o shore_n of_o the_o sea_n likewise_o of_o all_o act_n of_o merchandise_n fish_v freight_a or_o let_v to_o freight_n or_o breach_n of_o ship_n of_o contract_n make_v touch_v the_o matter_n aforesaid_a of_o charter_n party_n of_o sea_n brief_n and_o of_o all_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o happen_v upon_o the_o sea_n or_o shore_n thereof_o as_o our_o lieutenant_n general_n alone_o and_o to_o all_o purpose_n in_o the_o place_n aforesaid_a which_o jurisdiction_n cognizance_n and_o determination_n we_o have_v interdict_v to_o all_o other_o our_o judge_n he_o shall_v hold_v his_o principal_a court_n at_o the_o marble_n table_n in_o the_o palace_n at_o paris_n and_o shall_v appoint_v judge_n deputy_n in_o maritime_a city_n and_o town_n who_o shall_v hear_v ordinary_a matter_n happen_v within_o their_o circuit_n and_o if_o any_o business_n fall_v out_o worthy_a of_o great_a consideration_n they_o shall_v refer_v the_o same_o to_o he_o in_o denmark_n the_o three_o place_n of_o dignity_n in_o the_o kingdom_n belong_v to_o the_o admiral_n who_o be_v common_o call_v ryâ—ks_v admiral_n and_o as_o morisotus_n 14._o write_v he_o have_v the_o same_o right_n and_o power_n as_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n in_o scotland_n as_o wellwood_n a_o scotish_n man_n write_v the_o admiral_n and_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n have_v power_n within_o the_o sea-flood_n 1_o over_o all_o seafaring_a man_n and_o in_o all_o seafaring_a cause_n and_o debate_n civil_a and_o criminal_a so_o that_o no_o other_o judge_n of_o any_o degree_n may_v meddle_v therewith_o but_o only_o by_o way_n of_o assistance_n as_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o action_n bring_v by_o anthony_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr tour_n against_o christian_a martens_n 6_o novemb_n 1542._o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n as_o mr._n selden_n observe_v have_v another_o manner_n of_o right_n 27._o and_o jurisdiction_n than_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n or_o other_o ordinary_a admiral_n for_o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n and_o the_o dominion_n and_o isle_n of_o the_o same_o as_o a_o province_n be_v commit_v to_o his_o custody_n and_o tuition_n as_o to_o a_o precedent_n to_o defend_v the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n by_o who_o he_o be_v authorize_v the_o bound_n of_o which_o jurisdiction_n be_v limit_v and_o determine_v in_o those_o sea_n and_o beside_o as_o the_o french_a and_o other_o admiral_n he_o have_v the_o power_n over_o the_o navy_n and_o the_o government_n over_o the_o seaman_n and_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o person_n and_o movable_a good_n which_o come_v under_o his_o judicature_n pour_fw-fr raison_fw-fr ou_fw-fr occasion_n del_fw-it faith_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr which_o jurisdiction_n have_v no_o bound_n but_o extend_v to_o the_o mediterranean_a african_a and_o indian_a sea_n or_o any_o other_o far_o remote_a what_o mr._n selden_n deliver_v concern_v the_o admiral_n of_o england_n special_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o first_o respect_n be_v confirm_v by_o a_o ancient_a record_n in_o french_a in_o archivis_fw-la of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n 142_o set_v out_o at_o large_a by_o sr._n edward_n cook_n the_o effect_n and_o tenor_n whereof_o be_v that_o whereas_o during_o the_o war_n between_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n reginerus_n grimbaldus_n admiral_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n have_v spoil_v the_o merchant_n of_o divers_a nation_n sail_v towards_o flanders_n in_o the_o english_a sea_n and_o commissioner_n be_v appoint_v by_o the_o two_o king_n to_o hear_v and_o redress_v the_o complaint_n concern_v the_o same_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o prelate_n nobility_n and_o commonalty_n of_o the_o town_n of_o england_n and_o of_o divers_a maritime_a country_n as_o of_o genua_n catalonia_n spain_n germany_n zealand_n holland_n friesland_n and_o norway_n declare_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o realm_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n have_v be_v in_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o sovereign_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o island_n therein_o situate_a by_o order_v and_o establish_v law_n statute_n and_o counter-mands_a of_o arm_n &_o vessel_n otherwise_o furnish_v than_o for_o merchandise_v and_o by_o take_v security_n and_o give_v protection_n in_o all_o cause_n needful_a &_o by_o ordain_v all_o other_o thing_n requisite_a for_o the_o maintain_n of_o peace_n and_o right_n among_o all_o other_o people_n as_o well_o of_o other_o seignieury_n as_o of_o their_o own_o pass_v through_o the_o same_o and_o all_o manner_n of_o cognizance_n and_o jurisdiction_n high_a and_o low_o touch_v those_o law_n statute_n ordinance_n &_o countermand_v and_o all_o other_o act_n which_o may_v appertain_v to_o the_o sovereign_a dominion_n aforesaid_a and_o that_o a._n d._n b._n admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n depute_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o all_o other_o admiral_n appoint_v by_o he_o and_o his_o ancestor_n heretofore_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v in_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o say_v sovereign_a protection_n together_o with_o the_o conusance_n and_o jurisdiction_n and_o all_o thing_n before_o mention_v thereunto_o appertain_v except_o in_o case_n of_o appeal_n to_o their_o sovereign_a king_n of_o england_n for_o default_n of_o do_v right_o or_o give_v wrong_a judgement_n and_o especial_o in_o make_v restraint_n do_v justice_n and_o take_v security_n for_o the_o peace_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o people_n bearing_z arm_n on_o the_o sea_n or_o ship_n sail_v otherwise_o apparel_v or_o furnish_v than_o belong_v to_o ship_n of_o merchandise_n and_o in_o all_o other_o point_n in_o which_o a_o man_n may_v have_v reasonable_a cause_n of_o suspicion_n against_o they_o touch_v robbery_n or_o other_o misdemeanour_n beside_o the_o jurisdiction_n extraordinary_a of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n concern_v protection_n against_o depredation_n in_o the_o english_a sea_n as_o mr._n selden_n write_v his_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n be_v over_o the_o person_n and_o good_n movable_a which_o come_v under_o his_o judicature_n by_o occasion_n of_o business_n relate_v to_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o french_a and_o other_o admiral_n but_o be_v also_o warrant_v by_o the_o king_n commission_n as_o it_o be_v apparent_a by_o ancient_a and_o late_a patent_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o which_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n ahthority_n and_o jurisdiction_n be_v express_o &_o full_o declare_v as_o follow_v 16._o damus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la &c._n &c._n we_o give_v and_o grant_v to_o n._n the_o office_n of_o our_o great_a admiral_n of_o england_n ireland_n &_o wales_n etc._n etc._n and_o we_o make_v appoint_v and_o ordain_v he_o governor_n general_n of_o our_o navy_n and_o sea_n of_o the_o kingdom_n aforesaid_a and_o be_v it_o further_o know_v that_o we_o of_o our_o special_a grace_n and_o certain_a knowledge_n do_v give_v and_o grant_v to_o the_o same_o our_o great_a admiral_n and_o governor_n of_o our_o navy_n all_o and_o all_o manner_n of_o jurisdiction_n liberty_n office_n fee_n profit_n preeminence_n and_o privilege_n whatsoever_o belong_v or_o appertain_v so_o far_o be_v
three_o touch_v this_o statute_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v what_o sir_n edward_n cook_n deliver_v out_o of_o plowdens_n commentary_n 330._o that_o the_o preamble_n of_o a_o statute_n be_v the_o key_n to_o open_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o act_n and_o the_o mischief_n which_o they_o intend_v to_o remedy_n now_o in_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n it_o â—s_v suggest_v that_o the_o admiral_n have_v encroacht_v divers_a jurisdiction_n and_o franchise_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n &_o other_o lord_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o the_o parliament_n intend_v only_o to_o restrain_v he_o from_o meddle_v in_o his_o court_n with_o such_o thing_n within_o the_o realm_n wherein_o he_o have_v encroacht_v upon_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o king_n and_o other_o lord_n which_o what_o those_o thing_n be_v it_o do_v no_o way_n appear_v but_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v or_o reasonable_o conceive_v that_o it_o be_v intend_v the_o admiral_n shall_v be_v debar_v from_o proceed_v in_o cause_n of_o navigation_n and_o negotiation_n by_o sea_n which_o never_o do_v belong_v to_o any_o other_o court_n of_o the_o king_n or_o other_o lord_n and_o be_v former_o hold_v proper_a for_o the_o conusance_n of_o the_o admiral_n and_o as_o thing_n be_v then_o state_v can_v not_o be_v hold_v encroachment_n so_o much_o may_v the_o rather_o be_v suppose_v because_o the_o statute_n restrain_v he_o from_o meddle_v with_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o only_o with_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n further_o add_v according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v due_o use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o noble_a prince_n king_n edward_n grandfather_n to_o the_o king_n which_o be_v king_n edward_n the_o three_o sir_n henry_n spâ—â—man_n write_v admiral_n that_o some_o man_n do_v conceive_v causarum_fw-la nauticarum_fw-la cognitionem_fw-la &_o forum_n rei_fw-la maritimae_fw-la quod_fw-la hodie_fw-la curiam_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la vocant_fw-la sub_fw-la edwardo_n tertio_fw-la illuxisse_fw-la and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o in_o that_o king_n time_n who_o do_v many_o other_o glorious_a thing_n for_o the_o good_a of_o this_o nation_n the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n receive_v some_o setlement_n and_o grow_v more_o conspicuous_a than_o it_o be_v before_o but_o the_o constitution_n observe_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o 142._o richard_n the_o first_o king_n john_n and_o edward_n the_o first_o do_v manifest_a that_o the_o court_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n to_o show_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n to_o have_v be_v long_o before_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o in_o who_o day_n he_o say_v that_o some_o have_v dream_v that_o it_o have_v begin_v recite_v the_o ancient_a record_n de_fw-fr superioritate_fw-la maris_fw-la 144._o before_o mention_v and_o likewise_o another_o quote_v also_o by_o mr._n seldâ—n_n 16._o wherein_o it_o be_v show_v that_o king_n edw._n the_o three_o in_o the_o 12_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v consult_v with_o all_o his_o judge_n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la quod_fw-la retineatur_fw-la &_o continuetur_fw-la ad_fw-la subditorum_fw-la prosecutionem_fw-la forma_fw-la procedendi_fw-la quondam_a domini_fw-la regis_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o form_n of_o proceed_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o subject_n begin_v and_o ordain_v by_o his_o grandfather_n king_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o his_o counsel_n for_o retain_v and_o preserve_v the_o ancient_a sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o the_o right_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o the_o same_o may_v be_v resume_v and_o continue_v touch_v the_o correct_v interpret_n and_o declare_v the_o law_n and_o statute_n late_o ordain_v for_o the_o maintain_n of_o peace_n and_o justice_n among_o the_o people_n of_o all_o nation_n whatsoever_o pass_v through_o the_o english_a sea_n and_o for_o punish_v of_o offence_n and_o for_o give_v of_o satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o be_v damnify_v which_o law_n and_o statute_n be_v correct_v declare_v interpret_v and_o publish_v by_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n in_o his_o return_n from_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o be_v entitle_v le_fw-fr ley_n oleron_n in_o the_o french_a tongue_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o law_n be_v continue_v all_o that_o king_n time_n in_o regard_n that_o in_o the_o 49_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o select_a seaman_n for_o the_o inquisition_n at_o quinborough_n in_o the_o conclusion_n say_v that_o touch_v some_o business_n propose_v in_o the_o article_n of_o the_o inquisition_n they_o know_v no_o better_o advise_v nor_o remedy_n than_o that_o which_o have_v be_v former_o use_v and_o practise_v after_o the_o manner_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n all_o which_o be_v admit_v and_o due_o consider_v it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o such_o cause_n as_o do_v original_o by_o civil_a law_n belong_v to_o the_o admiralty_n and_o what_o former_a king_n have_v ancient_o ordain_v for_o the_o regulate_v of_o the_o same_o as_o likewise_o such_o as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o matter_n decide_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o oleron_n and_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o inquisition_n take_v at_o quinborough_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o be_v within_o the_o conusance_n of_o the_o admiralty_n court_n and_o consequent_o the_o same_o be_v permit_v to_o be_v try_v and_o determine_v in_o the_o same_o court_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o rich._n 2._o touch_v the_o judgement_n judicial_a act_n and_o book-case_n intend_v to_o restrain_v the_o admiral_n of_o england_n in_o exercise_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n as_o it_o be_v grant_v in_o the_o king_n commission_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v in_o general_a first_o that_o those_o judgement_n judicial_a act_n etc._n etc._n be_v in_o cause_n of_o difference_n in_o respect_n of_o jurisdiction_n betwixt_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n and_o the_o admiralty_n court_n and_o it_o be_v incident_a to_o all_o profession_n where_o there_o be_v any_o competition_n or_o emulation_n with_o other_o to_o incline_v to_o that_o which_o be_v most_o to_o their_o advantage_n second_o such_o judgement_n sand_n book-case_n have_v be_v ground_v upon_o the_o common_a understanding_n of_o the_o statute_n without_o any_o notice_n or_o respect_n to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o condition_n of_o maritime_a cause_n the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o place_n be_v the_o chief_a rule_n by_o which_o they_o have_v be_v frame_v three_o that_o many_o of_o they_o upon_o due_a examination_n may_v be_v find_v not_o so_o conclude_v as_o they_o be_v pretend_v and_o although_o much_o respect_n and_o reverence_n be_v due_a to_o the_o author_n yet_o we_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o believe_v that_o their_o judgement_n be_v infallible_a four_o that_o the_o judicial_a proceed_n as_o prohibition_n be_v the_o result_v of_o the_o former_a authority_n they_o may_v be_v weigh_v according_o last_o touch_v the_o main_a piece_n sir_n edward_n cook_n articuli_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la carry_v the_o reputation_n of_o the_o resolution_n of_o all_o â—â—e_v judge_n touch_v the_o matter_n therein_o contain_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o they_o very_o much_o differ_v from_o the_o concession_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n 1575._o and_o from_o the_o resolution_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n the_o 18_o of_o february_n 1632_o subscribe_v unto_o by_o they_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o king_n charles_n and_o twenty_o lord_n of_o his_o counsel_n the_o particular_a authority_n which_o may_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o sr._n edward_n cook_n note_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n have_v no_o conusance_n of_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o only_o of_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v as_o follow_v 1_o that_o in_o the_o 2_o rich._n 2._o hibernici_n sunt_fw-la sub_fw-la admirallo_fw-la angliae_fw-la de_fw-la facto_fw-la super_fw-la alto_fw-mi mari._n 2_o that_o the_o 7_o rich._n 2._o in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n bring_v for_o a_o ship_n and_o merchandises_n take_v away_o the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o he_o do_v take_v they_o en_fw-fr le_fw-fr haut_fw-fr mer_n ou_fw-fr les_fw-fr norman_n que_fw-fr la_fw-fr enemis_fw-fr la_fw-fr roy_fw-fr and_o it_o be_v allow_v a_o good_a plea_n 3_o that_o fortescue_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n the_o six_o say_v siquae_fw-la super_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la extra_fw-la corpus_fw-la comitatus_fw-la in_o placito_fw-la coram_fw-la admirallo_fw-la deducantur_fw-la per_fw-la testes_fw-la terminari_fw-la debent_fw-la 4_o that_o dyer_n in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n mary_n say_v that_o by_o the_o libel_n in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n the_o case_n be_v suppose_v to_o commence_v sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr haut_fw-fr mer_fw-fr &_o intra_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la de_fw-fr l'_fw-fr admiralty_n to_o these_o authority_n may_v be_v answer_v in_o general_a first_o that_o
the_o admiralty_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n it_o be_v further_a confirm_v by_o a_o manuscript_n copy_n of_o the_o statute_n in_o french_a in_o the_o library_n of_o merton_n college_n in_o oxford_n in_o which_o be_v these_o word_n niene_fw-fr meyn_n de_fw-fr mort_fw-fr de_fw-fr omme_fw-fr &_o the_o mayheme_n engross_v neif_n estant_n &_o oâ—erantâ—s_n a_o my_o le_fw-fr haut_fw-fr fio_fw-mi des_fw-fr gross_v reviers_fw-mi tant_fw-fr seculament_n par-avali_a des_fw-fr pount_n des_fw-fr mesme_n les_fw-fr riviers_fw-mi &_o l'n_a admiral_n coâ—usance_fw-fr the_o second_o statute_n that_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o 5_o elizabeth_n chap._n 5._o which_o relate_v to_o divers_a thing_n make_v offence_n by_o that_o statute_n ordain_v that_o all_o and_o every_o of_o the_o say_a offence_n do_v on_o the_o main_a sea_n or_o coast_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o any_o county_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o without_o the_o precinct_n liberty_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n and_o out_o of_o any_o haven_n or_o pier_n shall_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o lord_n admiral_n touch_v this_o statute_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o end_n thereof_o be_v according_a to_o the_o title_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o as_o for_o a_o mean_a to_o that_o end_n for_o the_o employ_v of_o english_a ship_v especial_o for_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o fish_n for_o which_o purpose_n it_o provide_v that_o wednesday_n shall_v be_v hold_v fish-day_n that_o none_o shall_v demand_v toll_n of_o fish_n bring_v in_o subject_n ship_n that_o no_o herring_n unsalted_a shall_v be_v buy_v out_o of_o stranger_n bottom_n beside_o that_o no_o ware_n shall_v be_v carry_v from_o port_n to_o to_o port_n and_o that_o no_o wine_n nor_o woad_n shall_v be_v bring_v in_o but_o in_o english_a ship_n of_o which_o business_n it_o may_v be_v more_o fit_a for_o the_o officer_n of_o corporate_a sea-town_n to_o inquire_v than_o for_o the_o admiral_n which_o the_o parliament_n understanding_n may_v without_o prejudice_n to_o his_o jurisdiction_n in_o other_o matter_n except_v from_o he_o touch_v offence_n of_o that_o kind_n the_o enquiry_n within_o havens_n and_o piers._fw-la beside_o whereas_o sir_n edw._n cook_n recite_v the_o word_n that_o all_o such_o offence_n shall_v be_v try_v before_o the_o admiral_n the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v before_o the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n or_o deputy_n or_o deputy_n and_o other_o justice_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 28_o hen._n 8._o for_o cause_n of_o piracy_n so_o that_o it_o concern_v not_o the_o admiral_n in_o his_o ordinary_a capacity_n but_o as_o he_o be_v chief_a in_o that_o commission_n and_o whereas_o sir_n edw._n cook_n from_o this_o conclude_v that_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n be_v whole_o confine_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o coast_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o parcel_n of_o the_o county_n how_o strong_o soever_o he_o conceive_v it_o under_o favour_n it_o be_v no_o good_a argument_n to_o infer_v from_o these_o new_a create_a offence_n of_o which_o he_o be_v to_o inquire_v in_o a_o extraordinary_a way_n that_o he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n in_o other_o matter_n which_o do_v former_o belong_v unto_o he_o especial_o touch_v navigable_a river_n of_o which_o in_o this_o statute_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n nor_o exception_n moreover_o whereas_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o parliament_n in_o this_o statute_n be_v so_o confident_o urge_v for_o the_o limit_v of_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n it_o be_v deâ—â—red_v that_o to_o the_o point_n in_o question_n two_o other_o statute_n the_o one_o long_a subsequent_a to_o that_o of_o rich._n 2._o the_o other_o not_o long_o precede_v that_o of_o the_o 5_o of_o queen_n elizabeth_n may_v be_v take_v into_o consideration_n the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o 28_o hen._n 8._o chap._n 15._o concern_v the_o trial_n of_o piracy_n and_o other_o crime_n commit_v within_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n wherein_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o all_o treason_n felony_n murder_n robbery_n confederacy_n commit_v in_o or_o upon_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o any_o other_o haven_n creek_n or_o place_n where_o the_o admiral_n or_o admiral_n have_v or_o pretend_v to_o have_v jurisdiction_n shall_v be_v inquire_v try_v hear_v or_o adjudge_v by_o the_o admiral_n and_o other_o appoint_v by_o the_o king_n commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n in_o such_o shire_n and_o place_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o shall_v be_v limit_v in_o the_o commission_n as_o if_o any_o such_o offence_n have_v be_v commit_v upon_o the_o land_n etc._n etc._n the_o end_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v that_o whereas_o piracy_n and_o other_o offence_n commit_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n be_v former_o try_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o offender_n can_v be_v convict_v only_o by_o confession_n of_o the_o party_n and_o proof_n by_o witness_n to_o reduce_v the_o trial_n of_o the_o same_o to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n by_o a_o jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n by_o which_o statute_n although_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o trial_n of_o offence_n be_v alter_v yet_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n be_v allow_v to_o extend_v not_o only_o to_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o havens_n creek_n and_o place_n where_o the_o admiral_n or_o admiral_n have_v or_o pretend_v to_o have_v jurisdiction_n and_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n ground_v on_o that_o statute_n the_o place_n of_o offence_n commit_v to_o be_v hear_v and_o determine_v before_o the_o admiral_n and_o other_o be_v thus_o describe_v tam_fw-la in_o aut_fw-la super_fw-la mari_fw-fr aut_fw-la aliquo_fw-la portu_fw-la rivo_fw-la aqua_fw-la dulci_fw-la creca_n seu_fw-la loco_fw-la quccunque_fw-la infra_fw-la fluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la ad_fw-la plenitudinem_fw-la a_o quibuscunque_fw-la primis_fw-la pontibus_fw-la versus_fw-la mare_fw-la quam_fw-la super_fw-la littus_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o alibi_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la infra_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la nostram_fw-la maritimam_fw-la aut_fw-la limit_n admiralitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la &_o dominiorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la by_o which_o word_n not_o only_a power_n be_v give_v to_o hear_v and_o determine_v offence_n in_o those_o place_n but_o it_o be_v likewise_o declare_v that_o those_o place_n do_v belong_v to_o his_o majesty_n maritime_a jurisdiction_n and_o of_o his_o admiralty_n the_o second_o statute_n be_v that_o of_o the_o first_o of_o elizabeth_n chap._n 17._o make_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o spawn_n and_o fry_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o remedy_n thereof_o be_v provide_v it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n and_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n for_o the_o time_n be_v and_o all_o and_o every_o other_o which_o lawful_o have_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v any_o conservation_n or_o preservation_n of_o any_o river_n stream_n or_o water_n shall_v have_v power_n to_o inquire_v according_a to_o that_o act_n which_o plain_o show_v that_o the_o parliament_n then_o conceive_v that_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n have_v power_n and_o jurisdiction_n to_o some_o purpose_n in_o river_n and_o stream_n salt_n and_o fresh_a otherwise_o he_o have_v not_o be_v name_v in_o the_o first_o place_n among_o those_o who_o have_v right_a of_o conservation_n of_o the_o same_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n as_o to_o public_a offence_n and_o cause_n criminal_a since_o the_o statute_n of_o 15_o rich._n 2._o have_v be_v so_o well_o settle_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 28_o hen._n 8._o that_o there_o can_v be_v little_a occasion_n of_o difference_n touch_v those_o matter_n betwixt_o the_o court_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n yet_o sir_n edw._n cook_n have_v unnecessary_o collect_v many_o other_o legal_a authority_n which_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o maintain_v that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o port_n and_o navigable_a river_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o examine_v the_o ground_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o which_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o head_n first_o such_o as_o show_v that_o havens_n and_o navigable_a river_n be_v within_o the_o body_n of_o county_n and_o that_o the_o common_a law_n have_v hold_v plea_n of_o thing_n do_v in_o they_o second_o that_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n have_v punish_v such_o as_o have_v sue_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n for_o thing_n do_v in_o port_n and_o navigable_a river_n touch_v the_o first_o these_o authority_n may_v be_v intend_v first_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n the_o first_o a_o replevin_n be_v bring_v for_o the_o take_n of_o a_o ship_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o scarborough_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o carry_v she_o into_o the_o county_n of_o n._n the_o
but_o which_o be_v whole_o distinct_a from_o the_o same_o in_o the_o first_o case_n he_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o allege_v the_o cause_n of_o action_n to_o arise_v within_o the_o new_a create_a jurisdiction_n because_o prima_fw-la fancy_n nay_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n have_v general_a jurisdiction_n of_o those_o thing_n but_o in_o the_o late_a case_n as_o of_o the_o admiralty_n if_o the_o cause_n be_v maritime_a there_o be_v no_o need_n to_o aver_v it_o to_o have_v be_v do_v upon_o the_o sea_n out_o of_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n for_o that_o it_o do_v not_o tend_v to_o the_o diminution_n of_o any_o of_o those_o court_n and_o for_o confirmation_n thereof_o he_o affirm_v that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o marshalsey_n stand_v partly_o upon_o the_o statute_n articuli_fw-la super_fw-la chartas_n and_o the_o word_n of_o that_o statute_n be_v as_o restrictive_a as_o any_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n touch_v the_o admiralty_n and_o by_o the_o book_n of_o the_o common_a law_n the_o marshal_n can_v hold_v plea_n in_o some_o case_n unless_o both_o party_n be_v of_o the_o king_n household_n nor_o in_o any_o case_n unless_o one_o of_o the_o party_n be_v so_o yet_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o declaration_n be_v good_a although_o it_o be_v not_o aver_v therein_o that_o any_o of_o the_o party_n be_v of_o the_o household_n and_o therefore_o a_o fortiori_fw-la it_o be_v not_o necessary_a in_o the_o admiralty_n to_o specify_v in_o the_o libel_n the_o thing_n to_o have_v be_v do_v super_fw-la alto_fw-mi mari_fw-fr the_o admiralty_n jurisdiction_n be_v more_o distinct_a from_o the_o common_a law_n than_o that_o of_o the_o court_n of_o marshalsey_n that_o the_o trial_n of_o cause_n concern_v navigation_n and_o trade_n in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n 9_o be_v more_o commodious_a for_o the_o subject_n and_o kingdom_n of_o england_n than_o in_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n how_o much_o the_o maintenance_n and_o advancement_n of_o navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n concern_v the_o kingdom_n and_o subject_n thereof_o sir_n edward_n cook_n deliver_v 28._o who_o say_v that_o trade_n and_o traffic_n be_v the_o livelihood_n of_o a_o merchant_n and_o the_o life_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n wherein_o the_o kingdom_n and_o every_o subject_a have_v interest_n for_o the_o merchant_n be_v the_o good_a bailiff_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o export_v and_o vent_v the_o native_a commodity_n and_o to_o import_n and_o bring_v in_o the_o necessary_a commodity_n for_o the_o defence_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o realm_n so_o much_o be_v confirm_v by_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n frame_v by_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o statute_n of_o the_o 32._o of_o henry_n the_o 8._o chap._n 24._o set_v forth_o that_o it_o be_v notorious_o know_v that_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v environ_v with_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o the_o subject_n can_v convey_v and_o transport_v their_o ware_n merchandize_n and_o commodity_n by_o land_n but_o only_o by_o ship_n and_o that_o the_o navy_n and_o multitude_n of_o ship_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v very_o commodious_a and_o necessary_a as_o well_o for_o the_o intercourse_n and_o concourse_n of_o merchant_n convey_v and_o transport_v their_o ware_n and_o merchandize_n and_o a_o great_a defence_n and_o security_n to_o this_o realm_n as_o well_o to_o offend_v and_o defend_v as_o also_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o many_o master_n mariner_n and_o seaman_n and_o also_o have_v be_v the_o chief_a maintenance_n and_o supportation_n of_o city_n town_n havens_n and_o creek_n near_o adjoin_v unto_o the_o seacoast_n likewise_o that_o of_o the_o 43._o of_o elizabeth_n chap._n 12._o declare_v that_o it_o have_v always_o be_v the_o policy_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o all_o good_a mean_n to_o comfort_n and_o encourage_v the_o merchant_n thereby_o to_o advance_v the_o general_a wealth_n of_o this_o realm_n the_o king_n custom_n and_o strength_n of_o ship_n etc._n etc._n 37._o it_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v that_o for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o those_o who_o maintain_v trade_n by_o sea_n in_o all_o nation_n and_o state_n there_o have_v be_v special_a judge_n appoint_v to_o hear_v and_o determine_v cause_n concern_v trade_n and_o affair_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o it_o may_v be_v further_o note_v that_o such_o judge_n have_v be_v direct_v to_o proceed_v at_o such_o time_n and_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o may_v best_o consist_v with_o the_o opportunity_n of_o trade_n and_o least_o hinder_v or_o detain_v man_n from_o their_o employment_n â—_o among_o the_o grecian_n as_o at_o athens_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o all_o suit_n betwixt_o seaman_n and_o merchant_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o those_o vacation_n when_o the_o sea_n be_v bar_v or_o in_o those_o month_n when_o navigation_n be_v restrain_v so_o much_o be_v confirm_v by_o salmatius_n eo_fw-la tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la oritur_fw-la arcturus_n navigationes_fw-la svas_fw-la ut_fw-la plurimum_fw-la desinebant_fw-la mercatores_fw-la domumque_fw-la redibant_fw-la boedromion_n quip_n mensis_fw-la qui_fw-la septembri_n respondet_fw-la quo_fw-la tempore_fw-la ferè_fw-la arcturus_n oritur_fw-la terminus_fw-la erat_fw-la navigationum_fw-la atticarum_fw-la ideo_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la mense_fw-la munichiâ—nem_fw-la usque_fw-la quo_fw-la mense_fw-la iterum_fw-la se_fw-la mari_fw-fr committebant_fw-la ac_fw-la vela_fw-la dabunt_fw-la mercatores_fw-la athenienses_fw-la in_o urbe_fw-la desidebant_fw-la &_o light_n svas_fw-la disceptabant_fw-la ut_fw-la videre_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la demosthenem_fw-la adversus_fw-la apaturium_fw-la cujacius_n among_o the_o roman_n likewise_o for_o the_o better_a dispatch_n of_o cause_n concern_v sea-business_n the_o judge_n be_v order_v to_o proceed_v levato_fw-la velo_fw-la and_o de_fw-fr plano_fw-la without_o that_o solemnity_n and_o formality_n which_o be_v use_v in_o ordinary_a court_n and_o cause_n so_o in_o italy_n spain_n and_o france_n the_o judge_n proceed_v in_o cause_n concern_v the_o sea_n summary_o and_o in_o a_o more_o compendious_a way_n than_o other_o judge_n use_v and_o the_o like_a as_o sir_n john_n davies_n relate_v have_v seem_v to_o the_o wisdom_n of_o this_o kingdom_n our_o parliament_n say_v he_o have_v not_o only_o make_v extraordinary_a provision_n for_o a_o more_o speedy_a recovery_n of_o debt_n due_a unto_o merchant_n for_o their_o merchandize_n than_o be_v provide_v by_o our_o common_a law_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnel_n make_v the_o 11._o of_o edward_n 1._o and_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr mercatoribus_fw-la make_v the_o 13._o of_o edward_n 1._o but_o also_o have_v allow_v a_o court_n of_o proceed_n in_o case_n of_o merchant_n different_a from_o the_o course_n of_o our_o common_a law_n for_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 27._o of_o edw._n 3._o cap._n 2._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o proceed_n in_o cause_n of_o merchant_n shall_v be_v from_o day_n to_o day_n and_o from_o hour_n to_o hour_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o staple_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o another_o article_n in_o the_o same_o parliament_n that_o all_o merchant_n come_v to_o the_o staple_n shall_v be_v rule_v by_o law-merchant_n touch_v all_o thing_n come_v to_o the_o staple_n and_o not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o by_o another_o article_n that_o neither_o any_o of_o the_o bench_n nor_o any_o of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o common_a law_n shall_v have_v any_o jurisdiction_n in_o those_o case_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o statute_n of_o 32_o of_o hen._n 8._o chap._n 15._o and_o of_o the_o 43_o of_o elizabeth_n chap._n 12._o which_o direct_v that_o such_o cause_n betwixt_o seaman_n and_o merchant_n shall_v be_v order_v summary_o and_o without_o delay_n and_o as_o in_o discretion_n shall_v seem_v most_o convenient_a all_o which_o be_v and_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n which_o in_o many_o cause_n proceed_v at_o any_o time_n and_o in_o all_o cause_n summary_o and_o according_a to_o equity_n but_o neither_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v observe_v in_o court_n of_o common_a law_n which_o be_v open_v only_o in_o term_n time_n and_o proceed_v in_o a_o ordinary_a and_o strict_a way_n second_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o those_o who_o use_v navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n the_o law-merchant_n and_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n admit_v of_o divers_a thing_n not_o agreeable_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o may_v be_v better_o insist_v on_o in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n than_o in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o common_a law_n so_o much_o be_v likewise_o declare_v by_o sir_n john_n davyes_n relate_v several_a instance_n to_o that_o purpose_n 1._o if_o two_o merchant_n say_v he_o be_v joint_a owner_n or_o partner_n of_o merchandize_n which_o they_o have_v acquire_v by_o a_o joint_a contract_n the_o one_o shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o