sea_n for_o their_o respective_a kingdom_n and_o territory_n thus_o canutus_n be_v king_n of_o the_o king_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o he_o himself_o also_o sufficient_o declare_v when_o he_o express_o affirm_v in_o what_o be_v before_o relate_v that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v under_o his_o dominion_n and_o so_o much_o for_o testimony_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o british_a sea_n have_v be_v possess_v not_o only_o by_o the_o britain_n after_o they_o have_v cast_v off_o the_o roman_a yoke_n but_o also_o by_o the_o english-saxon_a and_o danish_a king_n moreover_o it_o seem_v they_o do_v use_v to_o take_v a_o kind_n of_o course_n for_o the_o strengthen_n and_o preservation_n of_o their_o dominion_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n as_o the_o ancient_a german_n of_o who_o both_o dane_n and_o saxon_n be_v a_o part_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o midland_n city_n among_o they_o say_v 6._o caesar_z it_o be_v the_o high_a glory_n to_o make_v very_o large_a depopulation_n and_o lay_v all_o the_o country_n round_o about_o they_o waste_v measure_v their_o honour_n by_o their_o distance_n from_o any_o neighbour_n and_o account_v it_o the_o only_a token_n of_o valour_n when_o none_o dare_v plant_v themselves_o within_o their_o reach_n and_o beside_o they_o think_v by_o this_o mean_n to_o render_v themselves_o more_o secure_a by_o remove_v the_o fear_n of_o any_o sudden_a incursion_n so_o it_o have_v be_v the_o manner_n of_o those_o that_o at_o any_o time_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n to_o extend_v their_o dominion_n in_o the_o circumambient_a sea_n to_o the_o large_a circuit_n scour_v the_o sea_n about_o and_o keep_v other_o nation_n at_o a_o distance_n as_o it_o be_v from_o the_o wall_n or_o precinct_n of_o the_o island_n nor_o be_v those_o german_a city_n more_o master_n of_o that_o waste_n part_n of_o the_o country_n that_o lie_v about_o they_o than_o the_o king_n be_v of_o britain_n be_v over_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n but_o as_o we_o observe_v before_o of_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n so_o here_o also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v of_o the_o norwegian_n or_o norman_n for_o many_o time_n they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o people_n and_o other_o northern_a nation_n that_o those_o british_a isle_n which_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o west_n and_o northern_a sea_n be_v sometime_o so_o possess_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n as_o also_o by_o the_o norwegian_n and_o such_o other_o as_o infest_a the_o northern_a sea_n and_o invade_v the_o isle_n lie_v between_o they_o and_o britain_n that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o they_o also_o according_a to_o the_o various_a alteration_n of_o their_o dominion_n by_o land_n succeed_v one_o another_o for_o that_o interval_n of_o time_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o a_o proportionable_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o as_o a_o appendant_a to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o shore_n of_o britain_n the_o scot_n say_v a_o normannis_fw-la unknown_a author_n speak_v of_o the_o year_n dcccxlvi_o for_o many_o year_n become_v tributary_n to_o the_o norman_n who_o without_o any_o resistance_n enter_v and_o settle_v themselves_o in_o the_o isle_n lie_v round_o about_o and_o as_o touch_v the_o naval_a affair_n of_o the_o norman_n in_o our_o sea_n there_o be_v many_o passage_n to_o be_v see_v in_o regino_n the_o abbot_n aimoinus_n and_o other_o writer_n of_o that_o age._n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o be_v sufficient_o manifest_a that_o as_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o tumultuary_a &_o unsettle_a posture_n of_o affair_n in_o those_o day_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o island_n itself_o be_v very_o often_o toss_v to_o and_o fro_o so_o also_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n attempt_v disturb_v invade_v recover_v and_o defend_v as_o that_o which_o do_v inseparable_o follow_v the_o dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o island_n we_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o in_o the_o french_a history_n there_o be_v now_o and_o then_o some_o passage_n that_o speak_v of_o their_o naval_a power_n in_o this_o age_n which_o be_v collect_v by_o 7._o popelinerius_n but_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v gather_v from_o they_o that_o may_v set_v forth_o the_o least_o sign_n or_o shadow_n of_o a_o sovereignty_n or_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n very_o few_o indeed_o be_v to_o be_v find_v and_o such_o as_o either_o concern_v only_o the_o defend_v the_o mouth_n of_o their_o river_n against_o the_o norman_n and_o dane_n than_o rove_a up_o and_o down_o our_o sea_n or_o the_o subdue_a of_o the_o friezlander_n and_o some_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n whereunto_o also_o some_o other_o passage_n relate_v which_o we_o shall_v mention_v by_o and_o by_o when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n several_a testimony_n concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n set_v forth_o in_o general_a head_n chap._n xiii_o follow_v the_o order_n and_o method_n of_o our_o enquirie_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o treat_v of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o britain_n since_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n into_o england_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n our_o discourse_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n or_o that_o which_o flow'_v between_o england_n and_o the_o opposite_a shore_n or_o havens_n of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n now_o whereas_o it_o be_v confess_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o all_o dominion_n be_v chief_o found_v upon_o just_a possession_n or_o occupation_n and_o its_o continuance_n and_o that_o possession_n be_v not_o suppose_v to_o be_v have_v by_o the_o act_n either_o of_o the_o mind_n or_o body_n single_o and_o apart_o as_o possessione_n paulus_n long_o since_o have_v well_o determine_v but_o be_v most_o firm_o get_v and_o retain_v by_o the_o joint_a concurrence_n of_o mind_n and_o body_n whereupon_o it_o be_v distinguish_v into_o retinendâ_fw-la civil_a that_o be_v where_o there_o be_v a_o right_a or_o title_n by_o law_n and_o natural_a or_o corporal_a and_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o this_o dominion_n receiv_v a_o signal_n confirmation_n by_o a_o long_a continue_a assent_n a_o free_a and_o public_a confession_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o such_o neighbour_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v first_o then_o as_o concern_v the_o corporal_n or_o natural_a possession_n of_o this_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o be_v civil_a or_o by_o law_n and_o be_v retain_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n we_o shall_v give_v you_o very_o ample_a testimony_n since_o the_o time_n of_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o will_v show_v how_o this_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v acknowledge_v by_o those_o foreign_a or_o neighbor-nation_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v but_o forasmuch_o as_o what_o we_o shall_v thus_o speak_v of_o the_o english_a sea_n in_o general_n will_v chief_o relate_v to_o the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a or_o that_o which_o have_v the_o english_a shore_n on_o one_o side_n and_o france_n and_o germany_n on_o the_o other_o we_o will_v therefore_o discourse_n several_o of_o that_o which_o lie_v to_o the_o west_n of_o england_n and_o also_o of_o the_o scotish_n sea_n or_o that_o which_o lie_v more_o northerly_a as_o concern_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n both_o corporal_n and_o mental_a or_o civil_a continue_v for_o that_o space_n of_o time_n which_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o with_o the_o like_a dominion_n arise_v and_o retain_v thereupon_o there_o be_v divers_a notable_a and_o very_a clear_a testimony_n thereof_o which_o for_o method_n sake_n we_o divide_v into_o eight_o head_n whereof_o i_o the_o custody_n government_n or_o admiralty_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n as_o a_o territory_n or_o province_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n ii_o the_o dominion_n of_o those_o island_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o french_a shore_n iii_o the_o leave_v of_o passage_n through_o this_o sea_n grant_v to_o foreiner_n upon_o request_n iu_o the_o liberty_n of_o fish_v therein_o allow_v upon_o courtesy_n to_o foreiner_n and_o neighbour_n and_o the_o protection_n give_v to_o fisherman_n v._o prescribe_v of_o law_n and_o limit_n to_o foreiner_n who_o be_v in_o hostility_n one_o with_o another_o but_o both_o in_o amity_n with_o the_o english_a make_v prize_n of_o each_o other_o in_o this_o sea_n vi_o the_o record_n whereby_o this_o dominion_n be_v express_o assert_v by_o the_o by_o as_o a_o most_o undoubted_a right_n and_o that_o noâ—_n only_o by_o the_o king_n but_o by_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n when_o they_o debate_v of_o other_o matter_n vii_o the_o commentary_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o common_a custom_n of_o the_o nation_n which_o do_v either_o assert_v or_o at_o
to_o be_v present_v touch_v that_o business_n unto_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n king_n of_o france_n but_o only_o as_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v as_o lord_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v between_o and_o it_o be_v very_o improbable_a and_o not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v admit_v that_o they_o will_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n for_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o use_v to_o debate_v such_o matter_n a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o pass_v a_o bill_n that_o they_o will_v i_o say_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n require_v a_o impose_v of_o custom_n by_o the_o act_n of_o a_o english_a parliament_n in_o a_o place_n that_o be_v not_o subject_a as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o king_n of_o england_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o our_o present_a king_n charles_n do_v this_o last_o year_n declare_v that_o himself_o and_o his_o progenitor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v in_o all_o time_n hitherto_o by_o a_o ancient_a and_o most_o just_a title_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o his_o 1634._o letter_n patent_n send_v to_o the_o maritime_a county_n of_o england_n whereby_o ship-monie_n be_v impose_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o dominion_n by_o sea_n add_v moreover_o hereunto_o that_o in_o the_o agreement_n make_v betwixt_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n about_o the_o wear_n of_o colors_z or_o flag_n in_o every_o ship_n and_o punish_v offender_n by_o sea_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n be_v call_v londinensi_fw-la admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n du_fw-fr dict_z roy_fw-fr d_o engleterre_fw-fr or_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n other_o testimony_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o record_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n which_o i_o shall_v discourse_n of_o in_o the_o next_o place_n and_o after_o that_o concern_v the_o testimony_n of_o foreiner_n of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v chap._n xxiv_o the_o seven_o of_o those_o head_n according_a to_o the_o former_a division_n which_o manifest_a the_o aforesaid_a dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n relate_n to_o our_o law-book's_a and_o the_o receive_a custom_n therein_o which_o prove_v it_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v also_o in_o they_o many_o particular_n that_o may_v relate_v hereunto_o which_o be_v explain_v now_o and_o then_o touch_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o english_a admiralty_n and_o other_o thing_n already_o handle_v but_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v use_v either_o the_o determination_n and_o commentary_n of_o our_o own_o lawyer_n or_o chief_o such_o court-record_n as_o explain_v their_o opinion_n i_o confess_v indeed_o in_o some_o of_o the_o author_n of_o our_o law_n who_o write_v above_o cccl_o year_n ago_o or_o thereabouts_o after_o they_o have_v as_o the_o manner_n than_o be_v read_v through_o the_o civil_a law_n also_o they_o be_v so_o strict_a in_o follow_v those_o determination_n word_n for_o word_n which_o they_o find_v concern_v the_o sea_n in_o that_o law_n that_o when_o they_o treat_v the_o acquirendo_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la of_o the_o manner_n of_o acquire_v the_o dominion_n of_o thing_n they_o tranfer_v they_o into_o their_o own_o writing_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o henry_n bracton_n who_o be_v a_o very_a famous_a lawyer_n at_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o say_v 6._o naturali_fw-la jure_fw-la communia_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la haec_fw-la aqua_fw-la profluens_fw-la aër_fw-la &_o mare_n &_o litora_fw-la maris_fw-la quasi_fw-la maris_fw-la accessoria_fw-la by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v common_a run_v water_n the_o aër_fw-la and_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o accessory_n or_o dependent_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o aedificia_fw-la si_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr five_o in_fw-la litore_fw-la posita_fw-la fuerint_fw-la aedificantium_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la if_o building_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o shore_n they_o become_v they_o that_o build_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o a_o little_a after_o jus_fw-la piscandi_fw-la omnibus_fw-la common_a est_fw-la in_o portu_fw-la &_o in_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la a_o right_a of_o fish_v be_v common_a to_o all_o in_o a_o haven_n and_o in_o rivers_n which_o we_o find_v likewise_o in_o purchas_n some_o other_o of_o our_o law-book_n of_o that_o age_n as_o a_o passage_n that_o fall_v from_o some_o writer_n of_o who_o i_o speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o former_a book_n that_o be_v more_o affect_v than_o be_v meet_v with_o the_o word_n of_o ulpian_n and_o justinian_n in_o the_o general_a division_n of_o thing_n but_o these_o very_a man_n in_o other_o place_n show_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n do_v sufficient_o admit_v the_o king_n dominion_n by_o sea_n for_o bracton_n himself_o afterward_o speak_v of_o they_o that_o by_o the_o king_n grace_n and_o favour_n 57_o quieti_fw-la sint_fw-la de_fw-la theolonio_n &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la dandis_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la &_o mari_fw-fr &_o per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v exempt_v from_o pay_v toll_n and_o custom_n throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o land_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n both_o by_o land_n and_o by_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o same_o king_n time_n a_o freedom_n from_o some_o payment_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o so_o bracton_n when_o he_o return_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n no_o less_o than_o the_o land_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v also_o that_o inter_fw-la capitula_fw-la coronae_fw-la as_o they_o call_v they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o article_n or_o chief_a head_n whereof_o enquiry_n be_v to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n by_o judge_n delegated_a throughout_o england_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n we_o find_v this_o also_o de_fw-fr purpresturis_fw-la factis_fw-la super_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_n etc._n etc._n of_o tenant_n pourpresture_n make_v upon_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n either_o on_o land_n or_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o sweet_a water_n either_o within_o the_o liberty_n or_o without_o or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n whatsoëver_o and_o it_o be_v place_v among_o the_o article_n of_o this_o kind_n recite_v by_o a._n bracton_n himself_o and_o in_o the_o 20._o author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v fleta_n but_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n we_o call_v those_o thing_n pourpresture_n whereby_o detriment_n be_v do_v to_o any_o public_a place_n belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o public_a thoroughfare_n a_o river_n and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o ordinary_a article_n touch_v pourpresture_n in_o the_o general_a form_n of_o enquiry_n the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o king_n no_o less_o than_o of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_n and_o river_n agreeable_a hereto_o be_v that_o article_n about_o any_o kind_n of_o salt-water_n be_v enclose_v by_o any_o subject_n or_o possess_v in_o any_o other_o manner_n which_o in_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o our_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o disherison_n of_o the_o king_n the_o word_n be_v there_o 33._o item_n soit_fw-fr enquis_fw-la de_fw-fr ceulx_fw-fr qui_fw-fr acrochent_fw-fr à _fw-fr eulx_fw-fr eaves_n salee_v en_fw-fr desheretison_fw-fr du_fw-fr roy._n and_o at_o this_o day_n enquiry_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v about_o that_o business_n by_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n robert_n belknap_n also_o a_o eminent_a judge_n in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o 46._o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o english_a kingdom_n or_o of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n his_o word_n in_o the_o norman_a tongue_n run_v thus_o le_fw-fr mere_a est_fw-fr del_fw-it ligeans_n del_o roy_n come_v de_fw-fr son_fw-fr corone_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr he_o add_v to_o his_o word_n in_o a_o remarkable_a way_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n or_o as_o belong_v
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majesty_n by_o mean_n of_o his_o own_o excellent_a wisdom_n and_o virtue_n and_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o his_o faithful_a subject_n and_o people_n may_v easy_o without_o injustice_n to_o any_o prince_n or_o person_n whatsoever_o be_v make_v the_o great_a monarch_n for_o command_n and_o wealth_n and_o his_o people_n the_o most_o opulent_a and_o flourish_a nation_n of_o any_o other_o in_o the_o world_n and_o this_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o his_o majesty_n be_v now_o absolute_a commander_n of_o the_o british_a isle_n and_o have_v also_o enlarge_v his_o dominion_n over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o western_a indies_n by_o mean_n of_o which_o extent_n of_o empire_n cross_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o whole_a ocean_n the_o trade_n and_o person_n of_o all_o nation_n remove_v from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o world_n to_o the_o other_o must_v of_o necessity_n first_o or_o last_o come_v within_o compass_n of_o his_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o our_o sea_n be_v the_o most_o precious_a jewel_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v crown_n and_o next_o under_o god_n the_o principal_a mean_n of_o our_o wealth_n and_o safety_n all_o true_a english_a heart_n and_o hand_n be_v bind_v by_o all_o possible_a mean_n and_o diligence_n to_o preserv_v and_o maintain_v the_o same_o even_o with_o the_o uttermost_a hazard_n of_o their_o life_n their_o good_n and_o fortune_n thus_o you_o see_v what_o wondrous_a advantage_n may_v redound_v to_o the_o felicity_n and_o glory_n of_o this_o nation_n if_o god_n give_v heart_n and_o resolution_n to_o vindicate_v those_o right_n which_o be_v now_o most_o impious_o and_o injurious_o invade_v and_o so_o much_o for_o what_o concern_v england_n now_o that_o i_o may_v reflect_v a_o little_a upon_o the_o point_n of_o sea-dominion_n in_o general_n to_o show_v how_o far_o it_o have_v be_v assert_v and_o maintain_v by_o
the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o as_o lord_n thereof_o together_o with_o the_o island_n before_o they_o be_v bring_v under_o the_o roman_a power_n p._n 188_o chap._n iii_o that_o the_o britain_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o northern_a sea_n before_o they_o be_v subdue_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o that_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o land_n make_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n pag._n 201_o chap._n iv_o that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n follow_v the_o conquest_n of_o great_a britain_n itself_o under_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n and_o domitian_n pag._n 205_o chap._n v._o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o british_a sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o island_n from_o the_o time_n of_o domitian_n to_o the_o emperor_n constantius_n chlorus_n or_o diocletian_a pag._n 211_o chap._n vi_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o british_a empire_n from_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a till_o the_o roman_n quit_v the_o island_n that_o it_o be_v all_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n also_o concern_v the_o british_a navy_n under_o the_o roman_n pag._n 217_o chap._n vii_o a_o examination_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o learned_a man_n who_o will_v have_v the_o saxon_a shore_n from_o whence_o that_o count_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o sea_n throughout_o britain_n have_v his_o title_n to_o be_v the_o british_a shore_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v plain_o prove_v to_o be_v false_o pag._n 231_o chap._n viii_o some_o evidence_n concern_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o inseparable_a dominion_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o sea_n belong_v thereto_o out_o of_o claudian_n and_o certain_a coin_n of_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n pius_n pag._n 242_o chap._n ix_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n after_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v free_v themselves_o from_o the_o roman_a power_n pag._n 247_o chap._n x._o it_o be_v prove_v both_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o saxon_n reign_n as_o also_o from_o their_o force_n and_o victory_n by_o sea_n that_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n who_o rule_v the_o south_n part_n of_o britain_n have_v dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n pag._n 251_o chap._n xi_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n during_o their_o reign_n in_o britain_n observe_v in_o like_a manner_n from_o such_o tribute_n and_o duty_n of_o their_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n as_o concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n also_o concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o paiment_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v wont_v to_o beelevied_a for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 259_o chap._n xii_o the_o testimony_n of_o edgar_n and_o canutus_n king_n of_o england_n with_o other_o express_o declare_v the_o dominion_n which_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n have_v over_o the_o sea_n together_o with_o a_o observation_n touch_v the_o nation_n which_o in_o that_o age_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n pag._n 273_o chap._n xiii_o several_a testimony_n concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n set_v forth_o in_o general_a head_n pag._n 284_o chap._n fourteen_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n have_v perpetual_o enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prove_v from_o the_o guard_n or_o government_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o english_a admiralty_n pag._n 287_o chap._n xv._o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n assert_v from_o those_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n thereof_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n pag._n 295_o chap._n xvi_o observation_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a sea_n from_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o those_o letter_n patent_n or_o commission_n royal_a whereby_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v put_v in_o authority_n pag._n 305_o chap._n xvii_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o word_n plain_a enough_o in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o the_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n from_o ancient_a to_o the_o present_a time_n that_o the_o sea_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n he_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n be_v ever_o bound_v towards_o the_o south_n by_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n normandy_n and_o picardy_n pag._n 312_o chap._n xviii_o touch_v the_o admiral_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n or_o those_o constitute_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n their_o original_a nature_n and_o variety_n that_o the_o sea_n itself_o flow_v between_o britain_n and_o france_n be_v not_o contain_v in_o that_o command_n of_o he_o as_o of_o one_o that_o be_v governor_n of_o a_o territory_n or_o province_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n in_o it_o that_o may_v oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n pag._n 321._o chap._n xix_o that_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o those_o island_n lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o they_o be_v situate_a be_v derive_v from_o their_o predecessor_n pag._n 333_o chap._n xx._n the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n assert_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o that_o leave_v of_o preter-navigation_n or_o passage_n which_o have_v be_v usual_o either_o grant_v by_o they_o to_o foreiner_n or_o desire_v from_o they_o pag._n 344_o chap._n xxi_o that_o licence_n have_v be_v usual_o grant_v to_o foreiner_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o fish_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o that_o the_o protection_n give_v to_o fisherman_n by_o they_o as_o in_o their_o own_o territory_n be_v a_o ancient_a and_o manifest_a evidence_n of_o their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n pag._n 355_o chap._n xxii_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n make_v evident_a from_o the_o law_n and_o limit_n usual_o set_v by_o our_o king_n in_o the_o sea_n to_o such_o foreiner_n as_o be_v at_o enmity_n with_o each_o other_o but_o in_o amity_n with_o the_o english_a and_o concern_v the_o king_n closet_n or_o chamber_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o touch_v that_o singular_a privilege_v of_o perpetual_a truce_n or_o exemption_n from_o hostility_n in_o the_o sea_n about_o those_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n pag._n 363_o chap._n xxiii_o certain_a public_a record_n wherein_o of_o old_a the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o the_o way_n asscribe_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n both_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o also_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n debate_v of_o other_o matter_n and_o that_o in_o express_a word_n and_o with_o very_o great_a deliberation_n as_o a_o know_a and_o most_o undoubted_a right_n pag._n 375_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v pag._n 382_o chap._n xxv_o son_n ancient_a testimony_n of_o less_o account_n touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n whereof_o we_o treat_v pag._n 394_o chap._n xxvi_o that_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o foreiner_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v by_o their_o usual_a strike_n of_o sail_n according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n also_o concern_v two_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n that_o be_v set_v forth_o about_o this_o thing_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n pag._n 398_o chap._n xxvii_o a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o very_a many_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n round_o about_o in_o a_o ancient_a libel_n public_o exhibit_v or_o in_o a_o bill_n of_o complaint_n institute_v by_o they_o together_o with_o the_o english_a against_o reyner_n grimbald_n governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n also_o touch_v a_o recognition_n of_o this_o kind_n imply_v in_o his_o defence_n pag._n 403_o chap._n xxviii_o a_o copy_n or_o transcript_n of_o the_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n pag._n 415._o chap._n xxix_o a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o edward_n the_o second_o pag._n 429_o chap._n xxx_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o irish_a and_o western_a sea_n consider_v single_o and_o apart_o by_o itself_o pag._n 433
of_o etc._n excester_n and_o in_o those_o day_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o procure_v king_n letter_n common_o call_v in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n protection_n whereby_o privilege_n and_o exemption_n from_o all_o suit_n be_v grant_v to_o those_o that_o be_v employ_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o that_o spend_v their_o time_n super_fw-la saluâ_fw-la custodiâ_fw-la &_o defension_n maris_n 1._o for_o the_o safeguard_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o form_n of_o the_o word_n have_v it_o which_o we_o frequent_o find_v in_o the_o archive_v moreover_o in_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufegard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n as_o of_o a_o thing_n common_o know_v and_o for_o which_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o english_a to_o make_v as_o diligent_a provision_n as_o for_o the_o government_n of_o any_o province_n or_o country_n and_o in_o the_o 29._o twenty_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n the_o commons_o prefer_v a_o bill_n that_o a_o strong_a and_o well_o accomplish_a navy_n may_v be_v provide_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o it_o be_v think_v fit_n be_v all_o the_o commons_n of_o this_o land_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a the_o see_v be_v keep_v very_o many_o other_o passage_n there_o be_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n geoffrie_n chaucer_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o and_o be_v a_o man_n very_o know_v in_o the_o affair_n of_o his_o country_n among_o other_o most_o elegant_a and_o lively_a character_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o man_n write_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n describe_n the_o humour_n of_o a_o english_a merchant_n of_o that_o time_n how_o that_o his_o desire_n above_o all_o thing_n be_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v well_o guard_v never_o leave_v destitute_a of_o such_o protection_n as_o may_v keep_v it_o safe_a and_o quiet_a which_o he_o speak_v to_o set_v out_o the_o whole_a generation_n of_o merchant_n in_o that_o age_n who_o custom_n it_o be_v to_o be_v solicitous_a for_o traffic_v above_o all_o thing_n and_o consequent_o about_o the_o sea_n itself_o which_o will_v not_o afford_v they_o safe_a voyage_n do_v not_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o sovereign_n thereof_o according_a to_o their_o right_n and_o custom_n provide_v for_o the_o security_n of_o this_o as_o a_o province_n under_o their_o protection_n the_o word_n of_o chaucer_n be_v these_o his_o reason_n speak_v he_o full_a solemn_o show_v always_o the_o encrea_n of_o his_o win_n he_o will_v the_o see_v be_v keep_v for_o any_o thing_n betwixe_v middleborough_n and_o orewel_n orewel_o be_v a_o haven_n upon_o the_o coast_n in_o suffolk_n middleborough_n be_v in_o zealand_n the_o whole_a sea_n that_o flow_v between_o britain_n and_o zealand_n the_o english_a merchant_n will_v have_v secure_v this_o they_o be_v wont_v solemn_o and_o unanimous_o to_o pray_v for_o know_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o protection_n of_o they_o part_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o as_o concern_v any_o protection_n herein_o by_o any_o foreign_a prince_n any_o far_a than_o in_o their_o own_o harbour_n or_o at_o the_o most_o within_o the_o wind_a creek_n between_o those_o island_n which_o they_o possess_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o germany_n or_o gallia_n belgica_n there_o be_v nothing_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v to_o be_v gather_v from_o any_o testimony_n of_o former_a age_n in_o the_o succeed_a age_n likewise_o there_o be_v frequent_a mention_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n defence_n and_o government_n of_o the_o same_o sea_n as_o will_v hereafter_o more_o full_o appear_v when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o tribute_n and_o of_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o commission_n give_v to_o our_o admiral_n but_o now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o both_o the_o name_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o guard_n be_v very_o well_o know_v not_o only_o by_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n both_o in_o the_o 8._o imperial_a and_o canon_n feclesiae_fw-la law_n wherein_o it_o denote_v that_o the_o guardian_n ought_v to_o take_v a_o diligent_a care_n of_o that_o thing_n whereof_o he_o be_v owner_n who_o do_v either_o lend_v it_o or_o commit_v it_o to_o his_o oversight_n but_o also_o by_o the_o common_a and_o obvious_a use_n which_o the_o english_a make_v of_o the_o same_o word_n in_o other_o office_n or_o government_n for_o in_o those_o day_n of_o old_a when_o the_o title_n of_o guardian_n or_o warden_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o usual_a there_o be_v appoint_v warden_n of_o the_o port_n even_o as_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v warden_n of_o the_o county_n who_o be_v those_o commander_n of_o county_n call_v sheriff_n and_o in_o the_o usual_a form_n and_o tenor_n of_o their_o writ_n have_v custodiam_fw-la comitatû_v the_o guard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o county_n commit_v to_o their_o charge_n warden_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o march_n or_o border_n keeper_n of_o tower_n or_o castle_n park_n house_n and_o the_o like_a yea_o and_o the_o lord_n lieutenant_n of_o ireland_n be_v especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n joannis_n john_n and_o etc._n henry_n the_o three_o style_v usual_o warden_n or_o keeper_n of_o ireland_n and_o his_o office_n or_o dignity_n common_o call_v the_o keepership_n of_o ireland_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n and_z humphrey_z duke_n of_o gloucester_n who_o henry_n the_o five_o during_o the_o time_n of_o his_o absence_n in_o france_n depute_v to_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n by_o turn_n be_v call_v custodes_fw-la angliae_fw-la keeper_n of_o england_n as_o we_o very_o often_o find_v both_o in_o etc._n history_n and_o etc._n record_n so_o arthur_n prince_n of_o wales_n be_v make_v 1._o keeper_n of_o england_n while_o henry_n the_o seven_o be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n so_o piers_n gaveston_n be_v keeper_n of_o england_n while_o edward_n the_o second_o remain_v in_o france_n so_o be_v other_o also_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o governor_n also_o of_o the_o island_n of_o jarsey_n and_o garnesey_n and_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v situate_v in_o this_o sea_n who_o now_o be_v style_v governor_n keeper_n or_o captain_n be_v in_o etc._n ancient_a time_n call_v only_o by_o the_o name_n of_o guardian_n or_o keeper_n this_o then_o be_v so_o what_o reason_n have_v we_o to_o think_v that_o our_o ancestor_n do_v not_o use_v the_o same_o notion_n of_o guardian_n or_o keeper_n and_o of_o guard_v or_o keep_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o guardian_n and_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o use_v in_o the_o guard_n and_o keep_n of_o the_o island_n and_o in_o the_o other_o dignity_n or_o office_n before_o mention_v doubtless_o in_o all_o these_o the_o peculiar_a dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o he_o that_o confer_v the_o dignity_n be_v so_o clear_o signify_v and_o include_v that_o his_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v keep_v and_o guard_v as_o well_o as_o authority_n over_o the_o person_n dignify_v be_v plain_o imply_v in_o this_o title_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v omit_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n before_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n be_v sufficient_o establish_v by_o our_o king_n and_o settle_v so_o distinct_a that_o the_o command_n and_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v belong_v only_o to_o they_o the_o governor_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o province_n who_o we_o call_v sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o office_n have_v also_o some_o custody_n or_o command_n of_o part_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o adjoin_v to_o their_o respective_a province_n as_o of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o true_o to_o let_v pass_v other_o proof_n be_v sufficient_o evident_a by_o this_o that_o many_o time_n in_o those_o day_n they_o who_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o 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bring_v merchandise_n out_o of_o flanders_n to_o london_n or_o that_o carry_v wool_n and_o skin_n from_o any_o other_o place_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o that_o admiralty_n to_o calais_n if_o a_o vessel_n be_v employ_v to_o fish_n for_o herring_n it_o pay_v the_o rate_n of_o six_o penny_n a_o week_n upon_o every_o ton._n if_o for_o other_o kind_n of_o fish_n so_o much_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v every_o three_o week_n as_o they_o who_o bring_v coal_n hither_o from_o newcastle_n pay_v it_o every_o three_o month_n but_o if_o a_o vessel_n be_v bind_v for_o prussia_n norway_n scone_n or_o any_o of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n it_o pay_v a_o particular_a custom_n according_a to_o the_o weight_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o freight_n and_o if_o any_o be_v unwilling_a it_o be_v lawful_a to_o compel_v they_o to_o pay_v that_o be_v to_o say_v there_o be_v certain_a officer_n that_o have_v authority_n to_o exact_v it_o have_v the_o command_n of_o six_o ship_n man_n of_o war_n for_o this_o 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admiralté_fw-fr entour_n harang_fw-mi de_fw-fr quelle_fw-fr portage_n q'il_fw-fr soit_fw-fr en_fw-fr un_fw-fr semain_fw-fr de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr tonnetight_n vi_o d_o item_n de_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr des_fw-fr autres_fw-fr nief_n &_o vesseauz_fw-fr pessoner_n que_fw-fr pessont_fw-fr entour_n autres_fw-fr pesson_n sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n dedeinz_fw-fr la_fw-fr dicte_n admiralté_fw-fr de_fw-fr quele_n portage_n q'il_fw-fr soit_fw-fr en_fw-fr trois_fw-fr semaigne_v de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr tonnetight_n vi_o d_o item_n de_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr de_fw-fr touz_v autres_fw-fr nief_n &_o vesseaux_fw-fr passanz_fw-fr par_fw-fr mire_n dedeinz_fw-fr la_fw-fr dicte_n admiralté_fw-fr chargez_fw-fr ove_fw-la charbons_n ou_fw-fr novel_a chastiele_n seur_fw-fr tyne_n de_fw-fr quele_n portage_n q'il_fw-fr soit_fw-fr en_fw-fr le_fw-fr quarter_n de_fw-fr un_fw-fr a_fw-fr de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr tonnetight_n vi_o d_o item_n de_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr de_fw-fr touz_v autres_fw-fr nief_n craier_n &_o vesseaux_fw-fr 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of_o suffolk_n be_v accuse_v in_o 38._o parliament_n the_o principal_a head_n of_o the_o charge_n be_v that_o he_o have_v convert_v the_o subsidy_n money_n to_o other_o use_n which_o have_v be_v impose_v and_o levy_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o word_n in_o the_o english_a be_v for_o the_o defence_n and_o tuytion_n and_o saufe_fw-fr keep_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o we_o read_v it_o in_o the_o record_n a_o demand_n be_v make_v also_o in_o 41._o parliament_n in_o the_o two_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n of_o forty_o thousand_o pound_n for_o the_o defence_n and_o saufegard_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o we_o read_v likewise_o in_o the_o record_n but_o why_o do_v i_o cite_v they_o here_o in_o those_o regis_fw-la act_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v publish_v abroad_o in_o print_n we_o very_o often_o find_v it_o as_o a_o thing_n assert_v by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o parliament_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n by_o 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subject_n and_o that_o at_o least_o some_o certain_a ship_n may_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n majesty_n have_v leave_v grant_v they_o once_o a_o year_n at_o least_o during_o the_o war_n to_o carry_v provision_n and_o that_o we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o certify_v the_o king_n our_o master_n how_o far_o we_o in_o this_o case_n prevail_v but_o the_o ambassador_n have_v this_o answer_n that_o the_o queen_n can_v in_o reason_n be_v induce_v to_o consent_v it_o shall_v be_v do_v as_o they_o desire_v and_o whereas_o you_o allege_v a_o supposal_n that_o both_o english_a and_o netherlander_n have_v licence_n give_v they_o sometime_o to_o transport_v corn_n we_o to_o wit_n the_o chief_a man_n of_o her_o majesty_n be_v privie-council_n who_o give_v the_o answer_n dare_v confident_o affirm_v that_o never_o any_o such_o matter_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o queen_n nor_o will_v she_o ever_o incline_v to_o grant_v the_o like_a during_o the_o war_n if_o the_o queen_n have_v not_o in_o the_o opinion_n 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themselves_o which_o signify_v the_o same_o be_v these_o loâ—dinensâ—_n especialment_n à _fw-fr retenir_fw-fr &_o maintenir_fw-fr la_fw-fr sovereigneté_fw-fr qe_fw-fr ses_fw-fr ancestor_n roye_n d'engleterre_fw-fr soloyent_n avoir_fw-fr en_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr mier_n d'engleterre_fw-fr quant_fw-fr à _fw-fr l'amendement_n declaration_n &_o interpretation_n des_fw-fr lois_fw-fr per_fw-la eux_fw-fr faits_fw-fr à _fw-fr governer_n toutes_fw-fr maneres_fw-la des_fw-fr gentz_n passanz_fw-fr per_fw-la la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr mire_n especial_o to_o retain_v and_o maintain_v the_o sovereignty_n which_o his_o ancestor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a sea_n so_o far_o as_o concern_v the_o amendment_n declaration_n and_o interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n by_o they_o make_v to_o govern_v all_o manner_n of_o nation_n pass_v through_o the_o say_a sea_n hereunto_o also_o belong_v that_o commission_n of_o king_n john_n whereby_o he_o require_v in_o very_o 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hastings_n and_o wimund_n de_fw-fr winchelsey_n and_o other_o of_o our_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n and_o other_o our_o faithful_a sturemanni_n and_o marinelli_n of_o our_o galley_n to_o arrest_v all_o ship_n that_o they_o shall_v find_v and_o they_o safe_o to_o bring_v with_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v find_v in_o they_o into_o england_n and_o therefore_o we_o command_v you_o that_o you_o be_v attend_v upon_o they_o in_o this_o business_n so_o that_o you_o be_v in_o england_n with_o all_o your_o ship_n and_o merchandise_n at_o such_o port_n and_o coast_n as_o they_o shall_v appoint_v you_o and_o if_o any_o shall_v attempt_v to_o resist_v they_o contrary_a to_o our_o command_n you_o our_o liege-man_n be_v require_v to_o assist_v they_o with_o all_o your_o strength_n as_o you_o tender_v your_o selus_fw-la and_o your_o chattel_n and_o peace_n and_o residence_n in_o our_o land_n for_o you_o or_o any_o of_o your_o generation_n witness_v hereunto_o william_n briwr_n at_o lutegar_n 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very_a form_n of_o this_o commission_n that_o there_o need_n be_v not_o any_o thing_n more_o be_v add_v touch_v this_o matter_n i_o suppose_v no_o man_n will_v doubt_v who_o take_v it_o into_o his_o more_o serious_a consideration_n nor_o do_v the_o word_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o ship_n of_o enemy_n but_o of_o any_o whatsoëver_n as_o be_v deliver_v by_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n who_o be_v concern_v at_o that_o time_n for_o his_o own_o occasion_n and_o at_o discretion_n to_o use_v not_o only_o his_o own_o sea-territorie_n but_o also_o the_o ship_n sail_v therein_o as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o be_v in_o port._n we_o find_v a_o commission_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n and_o which_o speak_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o wherein_o command_n be_v give_v to_o make_v stay_n of_o all_o ship_n of_o ten_o tun_n and_o upward_a that_o shall_v be_v find_v in_o the_o south_n and_o western_a sea_n except_o some_o that_o
town_n and_z other_o who_o shall_v be_v willing_a to_o come_v to_o the_o say_a town_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o fish_v to_o fish_n and_o make_v their_o own_o advantage_n with_o ship_n anâ—_n boat_n under_o thirty_o tun_n without_o any_o let_v or_o impediment_n any_o prohibition_n or_o command_n of_o we_o make_v to_o the_o contrary_a in_o any_o wise_n notwithstanding_o as_o we_o have_v say_v â—itness_v the_o king_n at_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n august_n x._o which_o be_v in_o the_o 11_o the_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o or_o of_o our_o lord_n mcccxxxix_o but_o if_o any_o heretofore_o undertake_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o fisherman_n in_o this_o sea_n without_o leave_v of_o the_o english_a they_o be_v to_o be_v seize_v and_o imprison_v as_o invader_n of_o the_o right_n of_o dominion_n and_o to_o expect_v to_o be_v deal_v with_o according_o for_o the_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n this_o be_v evident_a also_o in_o the_o record_n of_o our_o k._n edward_n the_o four_o for_o he_o erect_v a_o triumvirate_n or_o invest_v three_o person_n with_o naval_a power_n who_o the_o record_n call_v custodes_fw-la conductores_fw-la &_o waftores_fw-la guardian_n conductor_n and_o waftor_n who_o office_n it_o be_v to_o protect_v and_o guard_v the_o fisherman_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o norfolk_n and_o suffolk_n to_o the_o end_n therefore_o that_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o guard_n may_v be_v defray_v by_o the_o fisherman_n and_o all_o other_o whatsoëver_o be_v exclude_v from_o meddle_v with_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n or_o protection_n he_o appoint_v four_o man_n by_o name_n sir_n john_n hemingham_n knight_n william_n hopton_n edmund_n yve_n and_o john_n â—ansfleet_n esquire_n as_o well_o say_v the_o 2._o record_n themselves_o to_o oversee_v those_o guardian_n conductor_n and_o waftor_n as_o to_o give_v notice_n to_o all_o fisherman_n of_o what_o country_n soêver_o they_o be_v who_o shall_v desire_v to_o fish_v in_o the_o part_n aforesaid_a under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o say_v n._n n._n that_o those_o fisherman_n and_o every_o of_o they_o do_v contribute_v to_o all_o and_o all_o manner_n of_o cost_v charge_n and_o expense_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o guardian_n and_o conductor_n in_o the_o time_n of_o fish_v and_o charge_v all_o such_o cost_v charge_n and_o expense_n according_a to_o a_o proportion_n and_o to_o levy_v and_o collect_v those_o cost_v charge_n and_o expense_n out_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o fishing_n belong_v to_o the_o fisherman_n aforesaid_a wheresoêver_o they_o may_v be_v find_v as_o also_o to_o arrest_v and_o apprehend_v all_o other_o except_z the_o afore_o name_v who_o presume_v or_o attempt_v to_o become_v guardian_n conductor_n or_o wastor_n and_o to_o commit_v they_o to_o our_o next_o gaol_n there_o to_o be_v keep_v safe_o and_o secure_o till_o we_o shall_v take_v order_n for_o their_o delivery_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n almost_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n we_o find_v divers_a letter_n patent_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o septembris_fw-la seven_o yea_o and_o of_o richard_n the_o 2._o three_o save_v that_o in_o the_o form_n hereof_o after_o those_o word_n charge_v all_o such_o expense_n according_a to_o a_o proportion_n this_o considerable_a claus_n here_o be_v insert_v although_o the_o same_o fisherman_n whether_o any_o one_o or_o more_o of_o they_o may_v have_v have_v letter_n of_o safe_a conduct_n from_o any_o other_o king_n prince_z or_o governor_n of_o any_o kingdom_n whatsoëver_o so_o that_o by_o the_o receive_a and_o usual_a custom_n the_o charge_n of_o the_o guard_n be_v to_o be_v defraied_a by_o the_o fisherman_n of_o this_o sea_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o our_o king_n though_o they_o may_v have_v have_v letter_n of_o public_a security_n and_o protection_n from_o any_o other_o prince_n nor_o be_v any_o other_o person_n to_o be_v admit_v to_o a_o partnership_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n except_o those_o that_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n lest_o by_o this_o mean_n perhaps_o it_o may_v derogate_v from_o the_o english_a right_o which_o be_v a_o manifest_a sign_n or_o evidence_n of_o the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o place_n the_o dominion_n of_o england_n make_v evident_a from_o the_o law_n and_o limit_n usual_o set_v by_o our_o king_n in_o the_o sea_n to_o such_o foreiner_n as_o be_v at_o enmity_n with_o each_o other_o but_o in_o amity_n with_o the_o english_a and_o concern_v the_o king_n closet_n or_o chamber_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o touch_v that_o singular_a privilege_n of_o perpetual_a truce_n or_o exemption_n from_o hostility_n in_o the_o sea_n about_o those_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n chap._n xxii_o promontoriorum_fw-la series_n rumbi_fw-la leucae_n ad_fw-la the_o sowter_n in_o phoenicem_n s._n s._n e._n 17â…“_n ad_fw-la whitby_n in_o notapeliotem_fw-la s._n e._n 12_o ad_fw-la flamborough_n head_n in_o notapeliotem_fw-la s._n e._n ½_n versus_fw-la austrum_fw-la 8_o ad_fw-la the_o sporne_n in_o phoenicem_n s._n s._n e._n versus_fw-la apeliotem_fw-la 13â…“_n ad_fw-la cromar_n in_o meleuâ—um_n s._n e._n and_o by_o e._n 24â…“_n ad_fw-la minterton_n nes_z in_o hypophoenicem_fw-la s._n e._n and_o by_o s._n 4._o ad_fw-la caster-nes_a in_o phoenicem_n s._n s._n e._n 21_o 13_o ad_fw-la layestof_n in_o austrum_fw-la s_o 3¾_n ad_fw-la east-nes_a in_o austrum_fw-la s._n ½_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 1â…š_n ad_fw-la orforth-nes_a in_o mesolybonotum_n s._n and_o by_o w._n 6â…™_n ad_fw-la north-foreland_a in_o austrum_fw-la s._n â…“_n versus_fw-la oâ—â—identem_fw-la 15â…™_n ad_fw-la south-foreland_a in_o austrum_fw-la s_o 6â…“_n ad_fw-la dunge-nes_a in_o notolybicum_n s._n w._n ¼_n versus_fw-la austrum_fw-la 7_o ad_fw-la beach_n in_o africum_n w._n s._n w._n ¼_n versus_fw-la austrum_fw-la 13_o add_v dune-noze_a in_o africum_n w._n s._n w._n ¾_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 24_o â—_o â—_o ad_fw-la portland_n in_o hypafricum_n w._n and_o by_o s._n vers_fw-la austrum_fw-la 161_o 12_o ad_fw-la the_o start_n in_o africum_n m._n s._n m._n â…•_n in_o occidentem_fw-la 18â…”_n ad_fw-la the_o ram_n in_o occidentem_fw-la m._n ¼_n versus_fw-la boream_fw-la 6½_n ad_fw-la the_o dudman_n in_o africum_n m._n s._n m._n â…™_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 8½_n ad_fw-la the_o lizard_n in_o africum_n m._n s._n m._n â—_o â—â—_o versus_fw-la austrum_fw-la 9_o ad_fw-la the_o landsend_n in_o caurum_fw-la m._n n._n m._n versus_fw-la boream_fw-la 7_o ad_fw-la milford_n in_o boream_fw-la n._n â…”_n versus_fw-la orientem_fw-la 31â…”_n ad_fw-la s._n david_n head_n in_o boream_fw-la n._n ½_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 5½_n ad_fw-la beardsie_n in_o hypaquilonem_fw-la n._n and_o by_o e._n â…›_n vers_fw-la orieâ—tâ—m_fw-la 12â…™_n ad_fw-la holy_a head_n in_o boream_fw-la n._n â…™_n versus_fw-la occidentem_fw-la 9_o ad_fw-la monam_fw-la in_o hypaquilonem_fw-la n._n and_o by_o e._n â…•_n versus_fw-la boream_fw-la 26_o here_o you_o see_v very_o large_a space_n of_o sea_n intercept_v sometime_o for_o above_o ninety_o mile_n for_o three_o english_a mile_n here_o go_v to_o every_o league_n whereby_o those_o chamber_n or_o sea-closet_n be_v make_v but_o we_o find_v the_o management_n of_o that_o business_n concern_v these_o chamber_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a proclamation_n set_v forth_o after_o this_o manner_n in_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o twelv_v man_n that_o be_v swear_v and_o add_v to_o the_o aforesaid_a distance_n and_o course_n of_o sail_v we_o who_o name_n be_v subscribe_v be_v call_v before_o the_o right_n honourable_a sir_n julius_n caesar_n knight_n judge_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v high_a court_n of_o admiralty_n and_o there_o be_v enrol_v admit_v and_o swear_v for_o the_o describe_v of_o the_o limit_n and_o bound_n of_o the_o king_n chamber_n havens_n or_o port_n in_o their_o full_a extent_n do_v by_o these_o present_n make_v answer_v and_o to_o the_o best_a of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o understanding_n declare_v that_o the_o say_v chamber_n havens_n or_o port_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v the_o whole_a seacoast_n which_o be_v intercept_v or_o cut_v off_o by_o a_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o one_o point_n to_o another_o about_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n whereof_o we_o have_v make_v a_o table_n concern_v that_o business_n whereto_o we_o have_v annex_v this_o our_o schedule_n show_v therein_o how_o one_o point_n stand_v in_o a_o direct_a line_n towards_o another_o according_a to_o that_o table_n give_v the_o four_o day_n of_o march_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1604._o and_o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n etc._n etc._n and_o then_o in_o the_o schedule_n there_o follow_v the_o name_n of_o the_o twelv_v man_n who_o be_v all_o person_n of_o very_a great_a knowledge_n in_o naval_a or_o maritime_a affair_n so_o the_o space_n within_o the_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o one_o point_n to_o another_o be_v the_o chamber_n or_o port_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n
to_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o england_n to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o man_n may_v question_v whether_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n or_o of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n or_o of_o any_o other_o province_n in_o france_n another_o also_o who_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o say_v it_o have_v be_v receive_v by_o ancient_a custom_n that_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n lie_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_z of_o the_o british_a sea_n to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o pirate_n and_o to_o render_v the_o use_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_a who_o soil_n be_v within_o his_o patrimony_n safe_a for_o ship_n for_o he_o express_v himself_o in_o english_a thus_o 51._o the_o king_n of_o the_o old_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n be_v bind_v as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o pirate_n and_o petit_fw-la robber_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o much_o also_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v dominion_n be_v without_o controversy_n admit_v by_o our_o 260._o lawyer_n of_o late_a time_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o public_a record_n contain_v divers_a main_a point_n touch_v which_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o be_v consult_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o common-weal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o that_o the_o king_n sea-dominion_n which_o they_o call_v the_o ancient_a superiority_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o matter_n out_o of_o question_n among_o our_o lawyer_n of_o that_o age._n but_o consultation_n be_v have_v for_o the_o more_o convenient_a guard_n of_o it_o for_o the_o whole_a bench_n of_o judge_n be_v advise_v with_o to_o the_o end_n so_o we_o read_v it_o in_o the_o condinensi_fw-la record_n and_o that_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v observe_v which_o we_o find_v here_o about_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o naval_a law_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n seat_v in_o the_o creek_n of_o aquitain_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n charente_n that_o the_o form_n of_o proceed_v heretofore_o ordain_v and_o begin_v by_o edward_n the_o first_o grandfather_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n at_o the_o prosecution_n of_o his_o subject_n may_v be_v resume_v and_o continue_v for_o the_o retain_v and_o conserve_n of_o the_o ancient_a superiority_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o same_o as_o to_o the_o correct_v expound_v declare_v and_o conserve_n the_o law_n and_o statute_n long_o since_o make_v by_o his_o predecessor_n king_n of_o england_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o peace_n and_o justice_n among_o all_o people_n of_o what_o nation_n soëver_o pass_v through_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o to_o take_v cognisance_n of_o all_o attempt_n to_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o same_o and_o to_o punish_v offender_n and_o award_n satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o suffer_v wrong_a and_o damage_n which_o 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that_o libel_n by_o so_o many_o nation_n moreover_o true_o it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n that_o about_o the_o very_a same_o time_n to_o wit_n a_o little_a before_o the_o make_n of_o the_o league_n the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v homage_n to_o the_o french_a king_n for_o the_o duchy_n of_o 40b._o aquitain_n the_o earldom_n of_o pontois_n and_o other_o province_n that_o he_o hold_v in_o france_n that_o he_o be_v also_o whole_o deprive_v of_o they_o some_o time_n before_o by_o decree_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o alii_fw-la paris_n yea_o and_o that_o about_o one_o hundred_o year_n before_o king_n john_n be_v out_v of_o normandy_n and_o yet_o afterward_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n now_o and_o then_o regain_v a_o possession_n of_o it_o and_o that_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o league_n and_o of_o the_o publication_n of_o this_o libel_n which_o serve_v all_o to_o this_o end_n that_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o aforesaid_a famous_a controversy_n arise_v about_o 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manner_n whatsoêver_o or_o that_o shall_v use_v the_o sea_n otherwise_o than_o at_o his_o pleasure_n who_o be_v lord_n thereof_o but_o as_o concern_v the_o like_a acknowledgement_n make_v single_o and_o apart_o by_o the_o fleming_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n over_o the_o sea_n i_o shall_v treat_v by_o and_o by_o after_o that_o i_o have_v in_o the_o next_o place_n set_v before_o you_o the_o libel_n itself_o in_o its_o own_o that_o be_v the_o norman_a tongue_n as_o it_o stand_v record_v in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n a_o copy_n or_o transcript_n of_o the_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n chap._n xxviii_o in_o the_o archive_v of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n where_o record_n of_o above_o four_o hundred_o year_n be_v keep_v there_o be_v a_o bundle_n of_o parchment_n which_o contain_v some_o affair_n relate_v to_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o three_o the_o first_o 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there_o be_v no_o memorial_n to_o the_o contrary_a have_v be_v in_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o sovereign_a lordship_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o isle_n within_o the_o same_o with_o power_n of_o make_v and_o establish_v law_n statute_n and_o prohibitions_n of_o people_n as_o well_o of_o other_o dominâ—â—ns_n as_o their_o 〈◊〉_d pass_v through_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o saveraign_a guard_n thereof_o and_o also_o 〈…〉_o all_o manner_n of_o cognisance_n in_o cause_n and_o of_o do_v right_o aâ—d_v justice_n to_o high_a and_o low_a according_a to_o the_o say_a law_n statute_n ordinance_n and_o prohibition_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v appertein_a to_o the_o exercise_n of_o sovereign_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o place_n aforesaid_a and_o whereas_o a._n de_fw-fr b._n depute_a admiral_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o all_o other_o admiral_n appoint_v by_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o ancestor_n 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the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o except_o on_o the_o behalf_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n the_o excellent_a prince_n mounseur_fw-fr albert_n king_n of_o almaign_n and_o his_o heir_n king_n of_o almaign_a and_o mounseur_fw-fr john_n earl_n of_o henault_n in_o henault_n and_o that_o the_o one_o shall_v not_o be_v of_o counsel_n nor_o aid_v where_o the_o other_o may_v lose_v life_n member_n estate_n or_o honour_n mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n grimbald_n master_n of_o the_o navy_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n who_o call_v himself_o admiral_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n be_v depute_v by_o his_o aforesaid_a lord_n in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o fleming_n do_v after_o the_o say_a league_n make_v and_o confirm_v against_o the_o tenor_n and_o obligation_n of_o the_o say_a league_n and_o the_o intent_n of_o they_o that_o make_v it_o wrongful_o assume_v and_o exercise_v the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o say_a sea_n of_o england_n above_o the_o space_n of_o a_o 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disturbance_n from_o you_o or_o any_o other_o he_o may_v take_v cognisance_n thereof_o and_o do_v what_o belong_v to_o his_o office_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o say_v mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n be_v condemn_v and_o constrain_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n for_o all_o the_o say_a damage_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a and_o in_o his_o default_n his_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n of_o france_n by_o who_o he_o be_v depute_v to_o the_o say_a office_n and_o that_o after_o satisfaction_n give_v for_o the_o say_a damage_n the_o say_v mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n may_v be_v so_o due_o punish_v for_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o say_a league_n that_o his_o punishment_n may_v be_v a_o example_n to_o other_o in_o time_n to_o come_v so_o far_o the_o libel_n of_o so_o many_o nation_n manifest_o acknowledge_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n of_o our_o king_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o thereupon_o demand_v protection_n for_o themselves_o and_o whereas_o no_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o this_o 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land_n thereupon_o the_o premise_n consider_v it_o be_v enact_v and_o ordain_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a parliament_n that_o no_o manner_n vessel_n of_o other_o land_n shall_v be_v no_o time_n nor_o season_n of_o the_o year_n from_o henceforth_o from_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o nativity_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n next_o come_v go_v in_o no_o part_n of_o the_o say_a land_n betwixt_o the_o say_a irish_a enemy_n to_o no_o manner_n fish_v without_o one_o special_a licence_n of_o the_o lieutenant_n his_o deputy_n or_o justice_n of_o the_o land_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o licence_n of_o another_o person_n have_v the_o king_n power_n to_o grant_v such_o licence_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n to_o the_o king_n and_o that_o whatsoever_o person_n or_o person_n that_o find_v or_o impeche_n any_o of_o the_o say_a vessel_n rumpant_n or_o forfaites_n against_o this_o act_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o they_o 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of_o wicklo_n be_v charge_v by_o reason_n of_o this_o art_n and_o that_o the_o lieutenant_n his_o deputy_n or_o justice_n of_o the_o land_n for_o the_o time_n be_v shall_v have_v the_o foresay_a sum_n and_o duty_n of_o money_n so_o pay_v to_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o king_n war_n for_o the_o defente_fw-mi of_o the_o say_a land_n and_o that_o the_o customer_n and_o collector_n of_o the_o same_o sum_n shall_v account_n before_o the_o say_a justice_n lieutenant_z or_o deputy_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o such_o auditor_n that_o shall_v be_v for_o the_o same_o appoint_v by_o the_o king_n or_o they_o and_o not_o before_o the_o baron_n of_o th'exchequer_n in_o the_o say_a land_n and_o that_o none_o of_o the_o say_a vessel_n so_o come_v from_o other_o part_n in_o the_o say_a land_n shall_v not_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o say_a land_n till_o every_o of_o they_o pay_v their_o say_a duty_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o good_n to_o the_o king_n there_o be_v some_o also_o who_o affirm_v that_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n 189._o obtain_v leave_v by_o request_n from_o our_o queen_n marie_n for_o xxi_o year_n to_o fish_v in_o the_o more_o northerly_a part_n of_o the_o irish_a sea_n and_o that_o thereupon_o a_o revenue_n of_o one_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v advance_v to_o the_o exchequer_n in_o ireland_n a_o proclamation_n also_o be_v set_v forth_o by_o martii_fw-la james_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n prohibit_v any_o foreiner_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v to_o fish_v in_o this_o irish_a sea_n but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v that_o controversy_n about_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n although_o it_o be_v remember_v by_o giraldus_n who_o write_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v that_o it_o arise_v in_o the_o more_o ancient_a time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a when_o all_o that_o lie_v betwixt_o england_n and_o ireland_n be_v in_o subjection_n either_o to_o the_o king_n of_o ireland_n or_o britain_n that_o be_v when_o both_o of_o they_o have_v in_o this_o sea_n distinct_a territory_n of_o their_o own_o who_o bound_n be_v in_o question_n certain_a it_o be_v as_o 9_o beda_n write_v that_o edwin_n the_o most_o potent_a king_n of_o the_o nortbumbrians_n or_o rather_o of_o all_o the_o english-saxons_a subdue_v the_o mevanian_a isle_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n about_o the_o year_n dcxxx_o that_o be_v to_o say_v both_o that_o mevanian_n which_o we_o call_v anglesey_n &_o the_o other_o also_o which_o be_v man_n whereof_o we_o discourse_v but_o in_o the_o late_a time_n of_o the_o anglo-saxon_n empire_n the_o norwegian_n or_o dane_n who_o exceed_o infest_a both_o this_o and_o the_o north-east_n sea_n with_o very_o frequent_a robbery_n at_o length_n seize_v both_o this_o isle_n and_o the_o hebrides_n and_o hold_v they_o almost_o two_o hundred_o year_n so_o that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o of_o man_n can_v not_o in_o a_o civil_a sens_fw-fr be_v ascribe_v either_o to_o ireland_n or_o britain_n but_o that_o the_o king_n thereof_o be_v at_o that_o time_n lord_n as_o well_o of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n as_o of_o the_o isle_n may_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o their_o annal_n where_o we_o find_v that_o godred_a who_o surname_n be_v crovan_n king_n of_o man_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mlxvi_o bring_v dublin_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o laynster_n â—40_n under_o his_o subjection_n and_o so_o thorough_o subdue_v the_o scot_n that_o no_o man_n who_o build_v a_o ship_n dare_v drive_v in_o more_o than_o three_o nail_n so_o that_o he_o give_v both_o limitation_n and_o law_n to_o the_o ship_n of_o his_o neighbour_n which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o enjoy_v the_o very_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o
neptune_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n 1_o of_o thou_o great_a state_n the_o god_n of_o wave_n in_o equal_a wrong_n assistance_n crave_n defend_v thyself_o and_o i_o for_o if_o over_o sea_n there_o be_v no_o sway_n my_o godhead_n clean_o be_v take_v away_o the_o sceptre_n pluck_v from_o thou_o such_o as_o over_o sea_n all_o sovereignty_n oppose_v though_o seem_a friend_n to_o both_o be_v true_o foe_n 2_o nor_o can_v i_o think_v my_o suit_n be_v vain_a that_o land_n the_o sea_n shall_v now_o maintain_v since_o retribution_n due_a and_o england_n have_v great_a wealth_n possess_v by_o sea_n access_n and_o thereby_o blessed_v with_o plenty_n not_o a_o few_o which_o next_o the_o virtue_n of_o thy_o watchful_a eye_n will_v her_o secure_a from_o foreign_a miserle_n 3_o thy_o great_a endeavour_n to_o encrea_n the_o marine_a power_n do_v confess_v thou_o act'st_a some_o great_a design_n which_o have_v seven_o henry_n do_v before_o columbus_n launch_v from_o spanish_a shore_n the_o indies_n have_v be_v thou_o yet_o do_v thy_o sea_n those_o indian_a mine_n excel_v in_o riches_n far_o the_o belgian_n know_v it_o well_o 4_o what_o wealth_n or_o glory_n may_v arise_v by_o the_o north-west_n discovery_n be_v due_a unto_o thy_o care_n the_o adopt_v they_o with_o english_a name_n the_o greatness_n of_o thy_o mind_n proclaim_v we_o and_o what_o thy_o action_n be_v new_a sea_n thou_o gain_v &_o to_o the_o ancient_a four_o by_o edgar_n leave_v thou_o adde_v many_o more_o 5_o if_o little_a venice_n bring_v we_o alone_o such_o wave_n to_o her_o subjection_n as_o in_o the_o gulf_n do_v stir_v what_o then_o shall_v great_a britannia_n plea_n but_o rule_n as_o lady_n over_o all_o sea_n and_o thou_o as_o queen_n of_o she_o for_o sea-dominion_n may_v as_o well_o be_v gain_v by_o new_a acquest_n as_o by_o descent_n maintain_v 6_o go_v on_o great_a state_n and_o make_v it_o know_v thou_o never_o will_v forsake_v thy_o own_o nor_o from_o thy_o purpose_n start_v but_o that_o thou_o will_v thy_o power_n dilate_v since_o narrow_a sea_n be_v find_v too_o straight_o for_o thy_o capacious_a heart_n so_o shall_v thy_o rule_n and_o i_o have_v large_a extent_n yet_o not_o so_o large_a as_o just_a and_o permanent_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n two_o book_n in_o the_o first_o be_v show_v that_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n be_v not_o common_a to_o all_o man_n but_o capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n or_o propriety_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n in_o the_o second_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n or_o that_o which_o incompass_v the_o isle_n of_o great_a britain_n be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v a_o part_n or_o appendant_a of_o the_o empire_n of_o that_o island_n written_a at_o first_o in_o latin_a and_o entitle_v mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la seu_fw-la de_fw-fr dominio_fw-la maris_fw-la by_o john_n selden_n esquire_n translate_v into_o english_a and_o set_v forth_o with_o some_o additional_a evidence_n and_o discourse_n by_o marchamont_n nedham_n publish_a by_o special_a command_n london_n print_v by_o william_n dugard_n by_o the_o appointment_n of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o ship_n at_o the_o new-exchange_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1652._o to_o the_o supreme_a authority_n of_o the_o nation_n the_o parliament_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n right_a honourable_a i_o shall_v not_o have_v presume_v thus_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o so_o many_o great_a affair_n to_o press_v into_o your_o presence_n do_v i_o not_o bring_v a_o present_a in_o my_o hand_n most_o worthy_a of_o your_o acceptance_n it_o be_v that_o learned_a and_o elaborate_a work_n entitle_v mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la a_o piece_n so_o full_o vindicate_v your_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n over_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o clear_a evidence_n of_o reason_n and_o record_v from_o all_o antiquity_n that_o it_o stand_v more_o impregnable_a against_o the_o pen_n than_o the_o island_n itself_o against_o the_o attempt_n of_o foreign_a nation_n it_o be_v write_v original_o in_o latin_a for_o the_o assert_v of_o this_o right_n before_o all_o the_o world_n and_o how_o they_o have_v be_v convince_v by_o it_o appear_v hitherto_o by_o the_o universal_a admiration_n that_o attend_v it_o but_o consider_v what_o pity_v it_o be_v that_o so_o rare_a a_o jewel_n as_o this_o which_o have_v draw_v the_o envy_n of_o some_o few_o but_o the_o approbation_n of_o all_o shall_v lie_v so_o long_o lock_v up_o in_o a_o language_n unknown_a to_o the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o nation_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v and_o how_o necessary_a it_o be_v in_o this_o present_a juncture_n to_o let_v the_o people_n have_v a_o clear_a understanding_n of_o their_o near_a interest_n and_o how_o that_o right_o have_v be_v receive_v in_o all_o age_n which_o a_o strange_a people_n in_o this_o latter_a age_n have_v be_v bold_a to_o undermine_v it_o be_v judge_v very_o requisite_a to_o unlock_v the_o cabinet_n and_o expose_v the_o jewel_n to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n that_o they_o may_v prize_v it_o and_o apprehend_v not_o only_o their_o own_o interest_n and_o concernment_n but_o how_o far_o we_o and_o our_o posterity_n must_v stand_v indebt_v to_o the_o name_n and_o memory_n of_o the_o noble_a selden_n as_o for_o myself_o though_o it_o be_v account_v one_o of_o the_o mean_a service_n to_o translate_v yet_o when_o i_o consult_v with_o my_o own_o thought_n which_o way_n i_o may_v best_o express_v my_o duty_n and_o affection_n to_o your_o present_a caus_n and_o consider_v that_o little_o can_v be_v say_v or_o collect_v upon_o this_o subject_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v not_o abundant_o set_v forth_o in_o this_o irrefragable_a treatise_n i_o conceive_v it_o a_o task_n of_o no_o less_o importance_n than_o difficulty_n and_o now_o it_o be_v do_v if_o it_o be_v well_o do_v i_o shall_v believ_n myself_o to_o have_v 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hamburgh_n that_o be_v plaintiff_n and_o michaël_n butardus_n and_o other_o defendant_n in_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o tours_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o but_o that_o ceremony_n have_v by_o most_o ancient_a right_n and_o custom_n be_v observe_v and_o pay_v to_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n out_o of_o respect_n and_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o their_o dominion_n as_o be_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a book_n where_o we_o treat_v of_o this_o particular_a more_o at_o large_a i_o know_v very_o well_o 2._o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o a_o edict_n of_o the_o french_a king_n that_o one_o three_o part_n of_o all_o good_n recover_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n another_z to_o the_o admiral_n and_o the_o remainder_n to_o the_o seaman_n that_o find_v they_o and_o that_o the_o french_a do_v reckon_v very_o many_o commander_n in_o chief_a at_o sea_n or_o admiral_n in_o a_o line_n sometime_o continue_v and_o sometime_o interrupt_v which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o begin_v from_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o son_n of_o st._n lewis_n that_o be_v from_o the_o year_n mcclxxxiv_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o franc._n joannes_n feronius_n 14._o stephanus_n paschasius_fw-la and_o other_o but_o that_o division_n of_o good_n recover_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n be_v simple_o consider_v do_v prove_v any_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n no_o more_o than_o the_o ten_o of_o any_o prize_n take_v from_o a_o enemy_n at_o sea_n which_o by_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o king_n also_o be_v allot_v to_o the_o 5._o admiral_n of_o the_o navy_n right_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o consent_n of_o person_n to_o wit_n subject_n transfer_v unto_o the_o king_n not_o upon_o any_o title_n of_o dominion_n whereby_o any_o pretence_n may_v be_v make_v to_o a_o acquire_v of_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o they_o be_v pay_v no_o otherwise_o then_o impost_n or_o custom_n in_o the_o importation_n or_o exportation_n of_o merchandise_n but_o no_o man_n i_o suppose_v will_v imagine_v that_o from_o such_o impost_n or_o custom_n upon_o merchandise_n any_o proof_n may_v be_v make_v of_o a_o dominion_n over_o those_o passage_n through_o which_o the_o merchant_n sail_n before_o they_o arrive_v neither_o indeed_o be_v there_o any_o such_o custom_n as_o this_o in_o use_n among_o the_o french_a before_o the_o time_n of_o francis_n the_o first_o that_o be_v to_o say_v plain_o not_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o desire_v to_o be_v and_o be_v make_v a_o sharer_n of_o those_o good_n which_o shall_v be_v draw_v by_o his_o subject_n out_o of_o any_o sea_n whatsoëver_o whereas_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v wont_a to_o take_v as_o his_o own_o whatsoëver_n be_v leave_v or_o lose_v in_o the_o sea_n beside_o other_o emolument_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n and_o that_o by_o so_o ancient_a a_o right_n as_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v bear_n be_v a_o date_n no_o less_o ancient_a than_o the_o kingdom_n itself_o and_o as_o for_o those_o admiral_n of_o france_n they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o chief_a commander_n of_o navy_n and_o person_n and_o of_o the_o force_n by_o sea_n and_o judicatories_n at_o home_o but_o not_o qualify_v as_o precedent_n of_o a_o sea-province_n or_o territory_n as_o the_o custodes_fw-la ipsius_fw-la maris_fw-la the_o guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o english_a and_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n but_o more_o of_o this_o in_o the_o second_o book_n nevertheless_o from_o what_o have_v be_v allege_v concern_v the_o custom_n opinion_n or_o constitution_n among_o the_o french_a i_o suppose_v it_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o they_o do_v also_o acknowledge_v that_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n either_o of_o nature_n or_o nation_n which_o serve_v his_o full_o for_o the_o clear_n of_o the_o point_n in_o question_n the_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o swede_n polander_n and_o turk_n chap._n xix_o we_o find_v clear_a testimony_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n also_o of_o europe_n touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o polander_n to_o who_o may_v be_v add_v also_o the_o turk_n we_o have_v observe_v by_o the_o toll_v or_o custom_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n what_o revenue_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o very_a navigation_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n as_o be_v common_o know_v and_o what_o be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o royalty_n of_o the_o norwegian_a sea_n to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n who_o at_o this_o time_n be_v also_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiii_o frederick_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n make_v a_o
write_v that_o leo_n make_v a_o change_n against_o reason_n of_o law_n and_o here_o especial_a care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o avoid_v that_o which_o some_o have_v presume_v to_o affirm_v touch_v those_o most_o excellent_a book_n of_o justinian_n which_o make_v up_o a_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n 3._o that_o the_o law_n prescribe_v in_o those_o book_n be_v not_o the_o law_n only_o of_o a_o city_n but_o even_o of_o nation_n and_o nature_n and_o that_o the_o whole_a be_v so_o fit_v unto_o nature_n that_o after_o the_o empire_n be_v extinct_a though_o the_o law_n be_v a_o long_a time_n bury_v yet_o it_o rise_v again_o and_o spread_v itself_o through_o all_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o that_o it_o concern_v even_o prince_n although_o it_o be_v frame_v by_o justinian_n for_o private_a person_n as_o if_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v only_o out_o of_o those_o book_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v how_o that_o not_o only_o very_o many_o decree_n and_o custome_n introduce_v in_o the_o romane-germane_n empire_n itself_o and_o other_o place_n abroad_o have_v extreme_o alter_v many_o thing_n contain_v in_o those_o book_n but_o also_o that_o we_o find_v divers_a king_n both_o of_o ley_n spain_n and_o physica_n france_n have_v sometime_o heretofore_o prohibit_v the_o use_n of_o they_o in_o any_o kind_n within_o their_o court_n of_o justice_n there_o be_v true_o some_o thing_n in_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o nation_n of_o europe_n who_o receiv_v those_o book_n and_o that_o upon_o very_o good_a ground_n both_o into_o their_o school_n and_o court_n so_o far_o as_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o their_o kingdom_n will_v permit_v i_o mean_v in_o their_o law_n common_a or_o intervenient_a which_o be_v not_o ground_v at_o all_o upon_o the_o law_n of_o justinian_n but_o have_v have_v their_o original_n from_o custom_n quite_o contrary_a thereto_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v not_o now_o make_v slave_n nor_o be_v the_o law_n concern_v captivity_n or_o remitter_n upon_o return_n from_o captivity_n touch_v the_o 20._o person_n of_o man_n in_o any_o use_n at_o all_o which_o notwithstanding_o take_v up_o a_o title_n in_o the_o digest_v ship_n drive_v by_o wrack_n upon_o a_o shore_n do_v by_o the_o possessione_n law_n of_o justinian_n which_o be_v confirm_v also_o in_o the_o 118._o roman_n german_a empire_n belong_v either_o to_o the_o former_a owner_n or_o as_o thing_n relinquish_v and_o unpossessed_a to_o the_o first_o finder_n nor_o do_v the_o exchequer_n interpose_v any_o claim_n whereas_o nevertheless_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o divers_a nation_n intervenient_a to_o themselves_o and_o their_o neighbour_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o those_o ship_n be_v very_o often_o confiscate_v according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o custom_n as_o among_o the_o english_a the_o 45._o britain_n 10._o sicilian_n some_o 393._o borderer_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o italy_n and_o other_o and_o although_o it_o be_v account_v cruelty_n by_o some_o to_o pursue_v profit_n upon_o so_o sad_a a_o occasion_n as_o it_o be_v also_o by_o the_o 85._o emperor_n either_o constantine_n or_o antoninus_n who_o make_v a_o law_n thereupon_o yea_o and_o though_o beside_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o lateran_n council_n the_o bull_n raptoribus_fw-la coenae_fw-la domini_fw-la do_v blast_n those_o every_o year_n with_o excommunication_n that_o plunder_v the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o suffer_v shipwreck_n in_o 4._o any_o sea_n upon_o any_o pretence_n of_o law_n or_o custom_n whatsoêver_o yet_o the_o custom_n of_o confiscation_n in_o this_o case_n derive_v not_o its_o original_a from_o the_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a age_n but_o it_o flow_v first_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a maritime_a law_n of_o the_o rhodian_o which_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o grecian_n in_o their_o flourish_a condition_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v by_o and_o by_o and_o from_o thence_o be_v receive_v by_o divers_a prince_n also_o when_o the_o emperor_n ambassador_n as_o bodin_n say_v make_v complaint_n before_o henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o france_n that_o two_o ship_n be_v drive_v a_o shore_n be_v seize_v by_o one_o jordanes_n ursinus_n and_o demand_v a_o restitution_n of_o they_o annas_n of_o momorancie_n master_n of_o the_o horse_n make_v answer_n that_o all_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v cast_v upon_o shore_n do_v by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n belong_v to_o such_o prince_n as_o have_v command_v the_o sh_n so_o far_o have_v custom_n take_v place_n in_o this_o particular_a that_o andraeas_n doria_n do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o complain_v about_o those_o ship_n that_o be_v cast_v upon_o the_o french_a shore_n and_o make_v prize_n by_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n so_o far_o he_o in_o like_a manner_n whale_n and_o other_o fish_n of_o extraordinary_a bigness_n do_v not_o according_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o england_n 48._o portugal_n and_o other_o nation_n belong_v to_o he_o that_o first_o seize_v they_o but_o either_o to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o to_o such_o as_o the_o prince_n shall_v grant_v a_o royalty_n of_o that_o nature_n other_o instance_n may_v be_v bring_v sufficient_o to_o show_v that_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n be_v not_o whole_o to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o such_o decree_n or_o determination_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o justinian_n and_o so_o that_o what_o be_v there_o insert_v touch_v a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a diminish_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o so_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v say_v in_o those_o book_n to_o be_v common_a as_o the_o aâ—r_n and_o as_o wild_a beast_n be_v common_a as_o if_o indeed_o the_o neighbour_a aâ—r_n itself_o can_v not_o pass_v into_o private_a dominion_n as_o well_o as_o a_o river_n that_o be_v possels'â—_n and_o wild_a beast_n that_o be_v take_v moreover_o those_o ancient_n do_v ordinary_o conjoin_v a_o community_n of_o shore_n and_o port_n not_o unlike_a to_o that_o which_o they_o teach_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o if_o the_o very_a reason_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o port_n and_o shore_n as_o they_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o here_o to_o the_o prince_n himself_o be_v not_o manifest_o draw_v as_o we_o have_v express_o show_v already_o out_o of_o 14._o celsus_n from_o the_o impost_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v frequent_a enough_o both_o in_o the_o shore_n and_o obiter_fw-la port_n of_o the_o â—oman_n empire_n and_o in_o the_o book_n of_o c._n justinian_n as_o in_o many_o other_o place_n for_o as_o the_o 1._o payment_n of_o that_o tribute_n which_o be_v call_v solarium_fw-la à _fw-la solo_n and_o thence_o by_o the_o greek_a lawyer_n pignore_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o house_n that_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o common-weal_n or_o the_o public_a ground_n be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n that_o the_o common-weal_n or_o the_o prince_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o soil_n so_o indeed_o also_o the_o custom_n pay_v for_o the_o use_n of_o port_n manifest_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o dominion_n over_o them_o also_o port_n themselves_o be_v right_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o part_n even_o of_o the_o continent_n as_o appear_v in_o publicanis_fw-la another_o place_n moreover_o also_o justinian_n appropriate_v the_o hellespont_n to_o himself_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o he_o will_v not_o permit_v merchant_n and_o seaman_n to_o enjoy_v a_o freedom_n of_o that_o sea_n and_o the_o port_n but_o at_o a_o extraordinary_a rate_n if_o we_o may_v believ_n 110._o procopius_n who_o be_v his_o comtemporarie_a and_o write_v his_o affair_n nor_o do_v they_o imagine_v there_o be_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o over_o the_o land_n or_o people_n who_o about_o 400_o year_n since_o put_v this_o inscription_n upon_o the_o monument_n of_o the_o emperor_n 93._o frederick_n the_o second_o qui_fw-la mare_fw-la qui_fw-la terras_fw-la populos_fw-la &_o regna_fw-la subegit_fw-la who_o subdue_v the_o sea_n the_o land_n nation_n and_o kingdom_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o palermo_n in_o which_o place_n notwithstanding_o the_o imperial_a law_n flourish_v at_o that_o time_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o roman-german_a empire_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v that_o those_o ancient_a lawyer_n do_v deliver_v many_o thing_n careless_o touch_v this_o matter_n not_o only_o such_o as_o thwart_v the_o most_o receive_a custom_n of_o nation_n through_o almost_o all_o age_n but_o such_o also_o as_o do_v sufficient_o contradict_v one_o another_o especial_o whilst_o they_o join_v the_o shore_n itself_o and_o consequent_o the_o port_n together_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o equal_a state_n of_o community_n so_o that_o they_o be_v equal_o
be_v by_o they_o deliver_v just_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v so_o discourse_n upon_o aristotle_n astronomy_n or_o the_o opinion_n of_o thales_n touch_v the_o earth_n float_v like_o a_o dish_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o of_o the_o stoics_n of_o its_o encompass_v the_o earth_n like_o a_o girdle_n with_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_n concern_v a_o extreme_a heat_n under_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o other_o opinion_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o be_v reject_v and_o condemn_v by_o the_o observation_n and_o experience_n of_o posterity_n that_o he_o may_v seem_v not_o so_o much_o to_o search_v into_o the_o thing_n itself_o as_o to_o represent_v the_o person_n of_o the_o author_n thereby_o to_o trace_v out_o his_o meaning_n only_o for_o the_o discover_n of_o his_o opinion_n but_o as_o the_o root_n be_v cut_v the_o tree_n fall_v so_o the_o authority_n of_o those_o ancient_a lawyer_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o way_n all_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o modern_a which_o be_v support_v by_o it_o must_v be_v extreme_o weaken_v now_o therefore_o as_o to_o what_o have_v be_v former_o allege_v out_o of_o fernandus_n vosquius_fw-la it_o be_v ground_v upon_o such_o argument_n as_o be_v either_o manifest_o fall_v or_o impertinent_a for_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o purpose_n that_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n to_o this_o present_a day_n be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v in_o common_a without_o the_o least_o alteration_n as_o it_o be_v general_o know_v whereas_o the_o quite_o contrary_a be_v most_o certain_o know_v to_o those_o who_o have_v have_v any_o insight_n into_o the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o age_n and_o nation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o by_o most_o approve_a law_n and_o custom_n some_o sea_n have_v pass_v into_o the_o dominion_n and_o partrimonie_n both_o of_o prince_n and_o private_a person_n as_o be_v clear_o make_v manifest_a out_o of_o what_o have_v be_v already_o show_v you_o moreover_o also_o he_o 7._o will_v have_v prescription_n to_o cease_v betwixt_o foreigner_n in_o relation_n to_o each_o other_o and_o not_o to_o take_v place_n in_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o in_o the_o civil_a only_o so_o that_o by_o his_o opinion_n prescription_n shall_v be_v of_o no_o force_n between_o those_o as_o between_o two_o supreme_a state_n or_o prince_n who_o be_v not_o indifferent_o subject_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o admit_n prescription_n than_o which_o not_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v say_v or_o imagine_v more_o absurd_a almost_o all_o the_o principal_a point_n of_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v establish_v by_o long_a consent_n of_o person_n use_v they_o do_v depend_v upon_o prescription_n or_o ancient_a custom_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o those_o prince_n who_o territory_n be_v subject_a heretofore_o to_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o who_o afterward_o become_v absolute_a within_o themselves_o not_o only_o by_o arm_n but_o also_o by_o prescription_n which_o be_v every_o where_o admit_v among_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whence_o be_v it_o that_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v not_o now_o make_v slave_n among_o christian_n unless_o it_o be_v because_o that_o custom_n begin_v to_o grow_v out_o of_o date_n some_o age_n since_o upon_o a_o ground_n of_o 2d_o christian_a brotherhood_n and_o by_o prescription_n ratify_v betwixt_o nation_n whence_o be_v it_o that_o the_o ransom_n of_o prisoner_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v some_o to_o the_o prince_n and_o some_o to_o the_o person_n that_o take_v they_o as_o for_o instance_n when_o the_o ransom_n be_v not_o above_o ten_o thousand_o crown_n it_o go_v to_o he_o that_o take_v the_o prisoner_n when_o it_o exceed_v it_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o prince_n because_o say_v 4._o nicolaus_n boërius_n if_o it_o exceed_v as_o when_o any_o one_o have_v take_v a_o duke_n a_o count_n a_o baron_n or_o any_o other_o great_a man_n than_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n and_o so_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n england_n and_o spain_n it_o have_v by_o prescription_n of_o time_n be_v observe_v among_o prince_n and_o so_o it_o become_v law_n and_o true_o to_o deny_v a_o title_n of_o prescription_n whole_o among_o prince_n be_v plain_o to_o abrogate_v the_o very_a intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n as_o for_o those_o other_o thing_n mention_v by_o vasquius_fw-la concern_v charity_n and_o the_o inexhaustible_a abundance_n of_o the_o sea_n whereby_o he_o make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o river_n and_o sea_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n they_o have_v no_o relation_n at_o all_o to_o the_o point_n of_o dominion_n as_o you_o have_v be_v sufficient_o tell_v already_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o come_v to_o the_o other_o to_o wit_n hugo_n grotius_n a_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o extraordinary_a knowledge_n in_o thing_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a who_o name_n be_v very_o frequent_a in_o the_o mouth_n of_o man_n every_o where_o to_o maintain_v a_o 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defence_n of_o his_o kingdom_n against_o foreiner_n and_o the_o train_n up_o of_o himself_o and_o his_o people_n for_o warlike_a employment_n thus_o the_o guardianship_n or_o maintenance_n of_o the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n be_v evident_a but_o as_o concern_v the_o fleet_n aforemention_v they_o each_o of_o they_o consist_v of_o mcc_n ship_n and_o these_o as_o writer_n say_v express_o very_o stout_a one_o so_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o british_a navy_n consist_v of_o such_o ship_n to_o the_o number_n of_o three_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sail_n as_o 975._o florentius_n and_o hoveden_n speak_v express_o but_o other_o write_v that_o these_o fleet_n amount_v to_o four_o thousand_o ship_n as_o coltoniana_n john_n bramton_n abbot_n of_o jorvaux_n other_o add_v to_o these_o three_o a_o four_o fleet_n whereby_o the_o number_n be_v increase_v to_o four_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o sail_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o florilegus_n so_o as_o florentius_n also_o say_v he_o 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in_o land_n for_o the_o set_n forth_o of_o ship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n ethelred_n for_o at_o that_o time_n whosoever_o possess_v cccx_o cassatos_n or_o hide_v of_o land_n be_v charge_v with_o the_o build_n of_o one_o ship_n and_o they_o be_v all_o rate_v proportionable_o after_o this_o manner_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o more_o or_o less_o hide_n or_o of_o part_n of_o a_o hide_n as_o cottoniana_n marianus_n scotus_n hoveden_n and_o florentius_n do_v all_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n say_v they_o give_v strict_a command_n that_o one_o galley_n shall_v be_v charge_v upon_o cccx_o cassati_fw-la but_o a_o coat_n of_o armour_n and_o a_o helmet_n upon_o nine_o and_o that_o ship_n shall_v be_v build_v throughout_o all_o england_n which_o be_v make_v ready_a he_o victual_v and_o man_v they_o with_o choice_a soldier_n and_o appoint_v their_o rendezvous_n at_o the_o port_n of_o sandwich_n to_o secure_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o kingdom_n from_o the_o eruption_n of_o foreiner_n but_o cottoniana_n henry_n of_o huntingdon_n as_o also_o matthew_n paris_n and_o florilegus_n speak_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n say_v the_o king_n charge_v one_o ship_n upon_o three_o hundred_o and_o ten_o hide_n of_o land_n through_o all_o england_n also_o a_o coat-armor_n and_o helmet_n upon_o eight_o hide_n then_o huntingdon_n tell_v we_o what_o a_o hide_n do_v signify_v but_o a_o hide_n in_o english_a say_v he_o be_v so_o much_o land_n as_o a_o man_n can_v till_o with_o one_o blow_n for_o a_o year_n other_o there_o be_v that_o determine_v otherwise_o touch_v the_o quantity_n of_o a_o hide_n and_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v very_o various_a according_a to_o the_o different_a custom_n of_o country_n but_o the_o same_o with_o cassata_n and_o year_n carucata_n indeed_o the_o english-saxon_a chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o cottoniana_n abingdon_n do_v likewise_o mention_n hide_v here_o express_o in_o the_o year_n mviii_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hund_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tynumaenne_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d helm_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o king_n give_v command_v for_o the_o build_n of_o ship_n careful_o throughout_o all_o england_n to_o wit_n that_o one_o galley_n shall_v be_v charge_v upon_o cccx_o hide_n of_o land_n but_o a_o coat-armor_n and_o helmet_n upon_o eight_o hide_n and_o it_o be_v usual_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o that_o age_n that_o the_o rich_a sort_n shall_v be_v tax_v by_o the_o number_n of_o hide_n as_o we_o see_v also_o throughout_o that_o breviarie_n of_o england_n or_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n call_v scaccarii_fw-la domesday_n which_o be_v first_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n huntingdon_n add'_v also_o that_o there_o never_o have_v be_v so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o ship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o any_o one_o in_o britain_n which_o be_v testify_v in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n before_o cite_v so_o that_o that_o most_o numerous_a navy_n of_o king_n edgar_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o this_o but_o yet_o that_o most_o learned_a man_n and_o great_a light_n of_o our_o island_n m_o r_o 114._o camden_n have_v so_o cast_v up_o the_o number_n of_o hide_n throughout_o england_n out_o of_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o that_o age_n that_o they_o do_v not_o exceed_v 243600._o if_o this_o have_v be_v so_o than_o they_o can_v have_v set_v forth_o no_o more_o than_o 785_o ship_n by_o this_o tribute_n which_o be_v a_o lesser_a number_n than_o that_o of_o king_n edgar_n by_o some_o thousand_o so_o that_o some_o other_o account_n be_v to_o be_v make_v concern_v hide_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o place_n hereunto_o belong_v that_o of_o huntingdon_n touch_v king_n canutus_n and_o his_o son_n harald_n in_o the_o day_n of_o harald_n say_v he_o as_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n eight_o mark_n be_v pay_v by_o every_o port_n for_o xvi_o ship_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n hoveden_n say_v there_o be_v a_o tax_n impose_v which_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n when_o king_n canutus_n and_o king_n edmond_n make_v a_o agreement_n in_o a_o isle_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o severn_n call_v oleney_n moreover_o huntingdon_n write_v that_o 11048_o pound_n be_v raise_v by_o hardecanute_n king_n of_o england_n before_o he_o have_v reign_v two_o year_n for_o thirty_o two_o ship_n that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o the_o build_n of_o two_o and_o thirty_o ship_n he_o give_v command_v also_o as_o 1040._o matthew_n westminster_n say_v that_o eight_o mark_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o every_o rower_n of_o his_o navy_n and_o ten_o mark_n to_o each_o commander_n out_o of_o all_o england_n he_o say_v again_o also_o of_o the_o same_o king_n that_o he_o appoint_v officer_n through_o all_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o collect_v the_o tax_n impose_v without_o favour_v any_o and_o therewith_o to_o provide_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o his_o force_n at_o sea_n and_o florentius_n say_v eodem_fw-la he_o give_v command_v for_o the_o pay_v of_o eight_o mark_n to_o every_o rower_n of_o his_o navy_n and_o twelve_o so_o we_o read_v it_o in_o that_o author_n to_o every_o commander_n out_o of_o all_o england_n a_o tax_n indeed_o so_o grievous_a that_o scarce_o any_o man_n be_v able_a to_o pay_v it_o but_o these_o thing_n speak_v of_o canutus_n his_o son_n harald_n and_o hardecanute_n relate_v perhaps_o unto_o that_o tribute_n or_o tax_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v pay_v yearly_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o guard_v the_o territory_n or_o dominion_n by_o
least_o allow_v such_o a_o dominion_n viii_o some_o ancient_a testimony_n of_o inferior_a note_n all_o the_o testimony_n almost_o that_o be_v comprehend_v in_o this_o division_n be_v indeed_o domestic_a but_o so_o public_a and_o of_o so_o approve_a credit_n that_o hardly_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v imagine_v which_o may_v give_v a_o clear_a proof_n of_o possession_n whether_o civil_a as_o they_o call_v it_o consist_v in_o the_o act_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n or_o natural_a which_o require_n the_o presence_n of_o the_o body_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o any_o man_n that_o plea_n to_o make_v enquiry_n especial_o if_o he_o add_v hereunto_o the_o judgement_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o such_o foreign_a nation_n who_o it_o chief_o concern_v whereof_o we_o shall_v treat_v also_o by_o and_o by_o but_o of_o these_o thing_n several_o and_o in_o order_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n have_v perpetual_o enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prove_v from_o the_o guard_n or_o government_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o english_a admiralty_n chap._n fourteen_o as_o concern_v the_o guard_n or_o government_n of_o this_o sea_n there_o be_v three_o thing_n therein_o that_o deserv_v special_a consideration_n 1._o the_o bare_a mention_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o guardian_n or_o admiral_n thereof_o in_o public_a record_n and_o history_n 2._o the_o tribute_n and_o custom_n impose_v demand_v or_o accustom_v to_o be_v pay_v for_o and_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o say_a custody_n and_o last_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o commission_n belong_v to_o this_o guard_n and_o english_a admiralty_n or_o government_n by_o sea_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n there_o be_v frequent_a mention_n of_o a_o guard_n or_o government_n institute_v for_o the_o defence_n and_o guard_v of_o the_o sea_n here_o call_v to_o mind_v those_o observation_n touch_v this_o kind_n of_o guard_n which_o have_v be_v already_o gather_v out_o of_o that_o record_n or_o breviarie_n of_o england_n call_v doomsday_n and_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o say_v florentius_n of_o worcester_n give_v order_n to_o his_o butsecarli_n to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o take_v care_n that_o no_o person_n from_o the_o part_n of_o normandy_n approach_v the_o english_a coast_n the_o same_o say_v roger_n hoveden_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n almost_o save_v only_o that_o the_o print_a copy_n err_v in_o put_v buzsecarlis_n for_o butsecarlis_n these_o butsecarli_n or_o butescarles_n in_o the_o old_a english_a language_n be_v officer_n belong_v to_o the_o navy_n or_o sea-soldier_n as_o hutesecarli_n be_v domestic_a servant_n or_o officer_n in_o court_n and_o that_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n here_o signify_v to_o secure_v the_o sea_n itself_o not_o to_o defend_v the_o seacoast_n as_o sometime_o though_o seldom_o it_o do_v with_o land-force_n plain_o appear_v out_o of_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n in_o who_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o person_n who_o thus_o guard_v the_o sea_n be_v employ_v by_o the_o king_n to_o make_v war_n by_o sea_n against_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o be_v then_o prepare_v a_o expedition_n against_o england_n now_o those_o public_a record_n be_v lose_v wherein_o the_o royal_a commission_n for_o the_o delegation_n of_o this_o command_n or_o government_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v register_v all_o that_o space_n of_o time_n betwixt_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n john_n but_o from_o thence_o through_o all_o the_o succeed_a age_n unto_o this_o present_a time_n it_o be_v as_o clear_a as_o day_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v wont_a to_o constitute_v governor_n or_o commander_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o guard_v the_o english_a sea_n and_o be_v the_o guardian_n or_o governor_n thereof_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v some_o province_n upon_o land_n first_o of_o all_o there_o be_v 9_o entrust_v with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o maritimae_n and_o marinae_fw-la the_o maritime_a and_o marine_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n understand_v by_o those_o word_n not_o only_o some_o country_n lie_v upon_o the_o seacoast_n but_o comprehend_v the_o british_a sea_n itself_o though_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v not_o always_o so_o such_o as_o be_v to_o guard_v and_o keep_v it_o under_o the_o title_n sometime_o of_o custodes_fw-la navium_fw-la guardian_n of_o the_o ship_n but_o more_o frequent_o custodes_fw-la maritimae_n or_o marinae_fw-la in_o the_o sens_fw-fr aforesaid_a and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o thomas_n de_fw-fr moleton_n be_v style_v 3._o captain_n and_o guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v authority_n give_v he_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o maritime_a part_n of_o the_o eastern_a shore_n in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n also_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n be_v say_v to_o guard_v the_o dorso_fw-la coast_n of_o england_n and_o the_o sea_n so_o hugh_n de_fw-fr crequeur_n be_v warden_n of_o the_o 14._o cinque-port_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n in_o those_o part_n afterward_o the_o title_n of_o guardian_n or_o warden_n very_o often_o change_v into_o that_o of_o admiral_n edward_n the_o first_o say_v thomas_n of_o 1295._o walsingham_n for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o sea_n divide_v his_o ship_n into_o three_o fleet_n set_v over_o they_o three_o admiral_n namely_o over_o the_o ship_n at_o yarmouth_n and_o the_o road_n thereabouts_o john_n the_o botetort_n over_o those_o at_o portsmouth_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n and_o over_o the_o western_a and_o irish_a ship_n a_o certain_a irish_a knight_n moreover_o also_o that_o john_n de_fw-fr butetort_n be_v in_o the_o 5._o record_n of_o that_o time_n style_v custos_fw-la maritimae_n as_o be_v other_o also_o after_o this_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o three_o admiral_n of_o the_o three_o several_a coast_n of_o england_n say_v 22._o walsingham_n have_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n namely_o sir_n john_n oturvin_n sir_n nicolas_n kyriel_n sir_n john_n felton_n we_o find_v moreover_o in_o our_o 2._o public_a record_n that_o the_o principal_a end_n of_o call_v a_o parliament_n in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o be_v de_n treter_n sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr guard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pee_z de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_n d'escoce_fw-mi &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a i._n e._n that_o consultation_n may_v be_v have_v concern_v keep_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o land_n also_o of_o the_o border_n of_o scotland_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n the_o same_o regard_n they_o have_v to_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o the_o island_n or_o land-province_n give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o land_n and_o sea_n together_o make_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n other_o evidence_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n we_o find_v in_o the_o 21._o record_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o same_o king_n time_n or_o in_o the_o consultation_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v about_o this_o matter_n that_o whilst_o they_o treat_v indifferent_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufegard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr concern_v the_o safeguard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o land_n or_o island_n and_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufeguard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_n the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o sea_n they_o seem_v sufficient_o to_o declare_v be_v well_o inform_v by_o their_o ancestor_n that_o the_o dominion_n of_o this_o as_o well_o as_o of_o that_o do_v belong_v unto_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n for_o the_o business_n debate_v by_o they_o be_v not_o only_a how_o to_o provide_v a_o navy_n to_o make_v resistance_n against_o their_o enemy_n by_o sea_n but_o for_o the_o guard_v the_o sea_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o the_o secure_n of_o the_o isle_n and_o so_o for_o the_o maintain_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o their_o king_n in_o both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o hugh_n calverlee_n be_v make_v admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n say_v parâ—_n walsingham_n and_o m_o r_o thomas_n percy_n join_v in_o commission_n with_o he_o to_o scour_v the_o road_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o one_o year_n and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o same_o king_n and_o likewise_o of_o the_o two_o succeed_a henries_n the_o four_o and_o the_o five_o debate_n be_v have_v in_o 6._o parliament_n about_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o six_o the_o guard_n 27._o of_o the_o sea_n be_v with_o a_o numerous_a navy_n commit_v to_o richard_n earl_n of_o salisbury_n john_n earl_n of_o shrewsburie_n john_n earl_n of_o worcester_n and_z james_z earl_n of_o wilts_n to_o who_o be_v add_v baron_n sturton_n and_o afterward_o to_o john_n duke_n
charge_n which_o indeed_o be_v a_o thing_n we_o hear_v not_o of_o in_o late_a time_n but_o that_o so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o and_z edward_z the_o first_o the_o record_n etc._n of_o those_o time_n do_v testify_v but_o afterward_o the_o universal_a custody_n of_o the_o sea_n except_v only_o what_o be_v extraordinary_a be_v commit_v by_o our_o king_n to_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n and_o to_o they_o alone_o or_o their_o deputy_n and_o appertain_v unto_o they_o now_o by_o a_o unquestionable_a right_n but_o when_o any_o person_n be_v entrust_v with_o that_o guardianship_n or_o custody_n the_o possession_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n who_o intrust's_n or_o give_v we_o he_o the_o authority_n be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o government_n or_o command_n which_o also_o be_v confirm_v by_o word_n most_o express_a and_o home_n to_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n that_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n xxviii_o hereafter_o mention_v which_o be_v exhibit_v by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_z philip_z the_o fair_a king_n of_o france_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n assert_v from_o those_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n thereof_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n chap._n xv._o concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n there_o be_v very_o ample_a ancient_a testimony_n all_o along_o since_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v already_o mention_v touch_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o a_o little_a confirm_v it_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o tribute_n impose_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v call_v danegeld_v of_o who_o original_a and_o use_v we_o have_v 11._o already_o speak_v be_v wont_v now_o and_o then_o to_o be_v pay_v heretofore_o under_o the_o norman_a king_n after_o the_o word_n there_o cite_v out_o of_o the_o ancient_a dialogue_n touch_v the_o exchequer_n about_o the_o payment_n thereof_o before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n it_o immediate_o follow_v we_o thus_o in_o the_o same_o dialogue_n in_o his_o reign_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o â—â—igâ—_n of_o william_n the_o first_o the_o dane_n as_o well_o as_o other_o robbert_n of_o land_n and_o sea_n restrain_v the_o invasion_n of_o enemy_n know_v this_o to_o be_v true_a which_o be_v write_v when_o a_o strong_a man_n arm_v keep_v his_o his_o house_n he_o possess_v his_o good_n in_o peace_n for_o they_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o resolute_a and_o valiant_a man_n will_v not_o let_v injury_n pass_v unrevenged_a therefore_o whereas_o the_o laâ—d_n have_v pay_v it_o along_o time_n in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n they_o be_v unwilling_a to_o pay_v that_o every_o year_n which_o have_v be_v exact_v upon_o urgent_a necessity_n in_o time_n of_o war_n but_o yet_o they_o will_v not_o have_v it_o whole_o cashier_v because_o of_o sudden_a occasion_n therefore_o it_o be_v seldom_o pay_v in_o his_o reign_n or_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o successor_n that_o be_v only_o then_o when_o they_o either_o have_v or_o suspect_v a_o war_n with_o foreiner_n and_o among_o the_o 128._o old_a law_n of_o england_n we_o find_v that_o william_n rufus_n require_v aid_n of_o the_o baron_n for_o the_o regain_n of_o normandy_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o brother_n robert_n surname_v cortehole_n who_o be_v upon_o a_o voyage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n danegeld_n be_v grant_v to_o he_o not_o establish_v nor_o confirm_v by_o a_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v four_o shilling_n upon_o every_o hide_n of_o land_n which_o be_v pay_v for_o defend_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n for_o that_o be_v the_o intent_n and_o end_n of_o danegeld_n according_a to_o its_o nature_n and_o original_n moreover_o francofurt_n roger_n hoveden_n say_v express_o that_o it_o be_v usual_o pay_v until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n stephen_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o promise_n which_o he_o make_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o coronation_n say_v three_o he_o promise_v that_o he_o will_v remit_v danegeld_v for_o ever_o that_o be_v two_o shilling_n upon_o a_o hide_n which_o his_o predecessor_n be_v go_v to_o take_v every_o year_n the_o same_o also_o be_v affirm_v by_o matthew_n paris_n and_o cottonianâ_fw-la roger_n of_o wendover_n out_o of_o who_o the_o chronicle_n set_v forth_o by_o matthew_n until_o the_o nineteenth_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o or_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mccxxxv_o be_v whole_o take_v they_o say_v of_o king_n stephen_n tertiò_fw-la vovit_fw-la quòd_fw-la danegeld_n id_fw-la est_fw-la &_o qualibet_fw-la ydâ_fw-la terrae_fw-la dvos_fw-la solidos_fw-la quos_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ejus_fw-la consueverant_fw-la accipere_fw-la in_o aeternum_fw-la annis_fw-la singulis_fw-la condonaret_fw-la so_o indeed_o we_o read_v it_o in_o the_o cottoniana_n manuscript_n book_n of_o this_o matthew_n whereby_o the_o print_a one_o be_v to_o be_v amend_v who_o render_v it_o only_o thus_o tertiò_fw-la vovit_fw-la quòd_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ejus_fw-la accipere_fw-la consueverant_fw-la in_fw-la aeternum_fw-la annis_fw-la singulis_fw-la condonaret_fw-la but_o this_o also_o be_v add_v by_o hoveden_n these_o especial_o and_o divers_a other_o thing_n he_o promise_v before_o god_n but_o keep_v none_o of_o they_o as_o we_o be_v tell_v likewise_o by_o paris_n and_o wendover_n so_o that_o this_o tribute_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v pay_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o william_n the_o first_o and_o the_o second_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o king_n stephen_n also_o for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o account_n of_o the_o exchequer_n that_o it_o be_v pay_v sometime_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o after_o that_o it_o grow_v out_o of_o date_n another_o course_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v take_v very_o frequent_o and_o use_v as_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o land_n that_o pay_v and_o provision_n may_v not_o be_v whole_o want_v to_o maintain_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n mention_n be_v make_v touch_v this_o particular_a in_o the_o court-roll_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o scaccarii_fw-la terrarum_fw-la ad_fw-la custodiâ—â—_n maris_fw-la agistatarum_fw-la that_o be_v of_o such_o land_n as_o be_v charge_v with_o a_o payment_n or_o tribute_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o know_v indeed_o also_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n collect_v at_o that_o time_n under_o pretence_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o pay_n and_o maintenance_n of_o land-force_n near_o the_o shore_n but_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v guard_v then_o with_o naval-force_n as_o well_o as_o the_o shore_n by_o land-force_n and_o so_o that_o that_o paiment_n belong_v either_o to_o the_o sea_n itself_o or_o else_o to_o the_o shore_n as_o well_o as_o the_o sea_n moreover_o subsidy_n have_v be_v demand_v of_o the_o people_n in_o parliament_n pour_v 6._o la_fw-fr salvation_n du_fw-fr royalme_n &_o the_o euâ—_n mesines_n &_o auxint_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_n dâ—_n escoce_n de_fw-fr gascoign_n &_o des_fw-fr isles_n that_o be_v for_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o sea_n belong_v thereunto_o the_o scotish_n border_n gasooign_n and_o the_o isle_n thus_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o defence_n and_o dominion_n be_v reckon_v in_o a_o equal_a right_n and_o condition_n with_o that_o of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o border_n and_o the_o isle_n several_a other_o instance_n there_o be_v of_o that_o kind_n but_o that_o especial_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o place_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o parlamentarie_a record_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o concern_v a_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v impose_v upon_o every_o ship_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o northern_a admiralty_n that_o be_v in_o the_o sea_n which_o stretch_v itself_o from_o the_o thames_n mouth_n along_o the_o eastern_a shore_n of_o england_n towards_o the_o north-east_n for_o the_o pay_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o be_v it_o impose_v only_o upon_o the_o ship_n of_o such_o merchant_n and_o fisherman_n as_o be_v english_a but_o also_o by_o the_o same_o right_n in_o a_o manner_n upon_o those_o of_o any_o foreiner_n whatsoëver_o no_o otherwise_o than_o if_o a_o man_n that_o be_v owner_n of_o a_o field_n shall_v impose_v a_o yearly_a revenue_n or_o rend_v for_o the_o liberty_n of_o thoroughfare_a or_o drive_v of_o cattle_n or_o cart_n through_o his_o field_n paiment_n be_v make_v at_o the_o rate_n of_o six_o penny_n a_o tun_n upon_o every_o vessel_n that_o pass_v by_o except_o such_o ship_n only_o as_o
before_o be_v make_v commander_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o he_o be_v the_o first_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v that_o be_v create_v in_o this_o manner_n but_o in_o the_o next_o form_n of_o commission_n the_o name_n of_o picardy_n be_v leave_v out_o so_o indeed_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o six_o or_o anno_fw-la dom._n mcdxxvi_o john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n be_v by_o commission_n julii_n make_v admiral_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o aquitain_n that_o form_n continue_v about_o 88_o year_n or_o throughout_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n vi_o edward_n iv_o richard_n iii_o henry_n vii_o and_o the_o three_o first_o year_n of_o henry_n viii_o and_o about_o that_o time_n ten_o other_o be_v in_o like_a manner_n make_v admiral_n for_o the_o most_o part_n perpetual_a of_o england_n ireland_n and_o aquitain_n the_o last_o of_o which_o be_v john_n earl_n of_o oxon_n who_o be_v commissionated_a in_o that_o 1._o form_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o but_o there_o follow_v another_o alteration_n or_o addition_n of_o title_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o that_o king_n anno_fw-la dom._n mdxiii_o at_o that_o time_n sir_n edward_n howard_n knight_n son_n of_o thomas_n earl_n of_o suâ—â—ie_n afterward_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n be_v make_v 15._o admiral_n of_o england_n wales_n ireland_n normandy_n gascoign_n and_o aquaitain_n to_o which_o word_n 16._o calais_n and_o the_o march_n thereof_o be_v add_v in_o the_o commission_n of_o william_n fitzwilliams_n who_o also_o be_v earl_n of_o southampton_n be_v appoint_v admiral_n in_o the_o twenty_o eight_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o this_o form_n of_o commission_n hold_v in_o use_n afterward_o through_o the_o whole_a reign_n of_o that_o henry_n add_v according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n the_o clause_n touch_v jurisdiction_n but_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o edward_n the_o sixth_o thomas_n baron_fw-fr seymour_n of_o sudeley_n brother_n to_o edward_n duke_n of_o somerset_n be_v make_v admiral_n 9_o 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howard_n of_o effingham_n son_n of_o thomas_n duke_n of_o norfolk_n make_v admiral_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o queen_n marie_n or_o anno_fw-la dom._n mdliii_o and_o the_o command_n or_o government_n of_o those_o sea_n as_o the_o principal_a charge_n of_o that_o office_n or_o dignity_n be_v more_o notable_o express_v there_o as_o you_o may_v see_v than_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o very_a same_o form_n be_v keep_v always_o as_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o high_a admiralship_n grant_v to_o edward_n baron_fw-fr clinton_n afterward_o earl_n of_o lincoln_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o 10._o philip_n and_o marie_n also_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o charles_n baron_n of_o effingham_n afterward_o earl_n of_o nottingham_n in_o the_o time_n of_o q._n julii_n elizabeth_n and_o of_o charles_n duke_n of_o york_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n 27._o james_n beside_o george_n duke_n of_o buckingham_n who_o enjoy_v the_o same_o office_n 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island_n of_o the_o same_o that_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n mer_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr d'_fw-fr ireland_n &_o gale_n or_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o wales_n after_o which_o manner_n the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n be_v sometime_o also_o describe_v in_o 11._o our_o law_n which_o be_v call_v likewise_o now_o and_o then_o by_o 6._o our_o lawyer_n les_fw-fr quatre_fw-fr miers_n d'engleterre_fw-fr or_o the_o four_o sea_n of_o england_n divide_v according_a to_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n so_o that_o in_o the_o most_o receive_a form_n of_o this_o commission_n after_o the_o begin_n of_o queen_n mary_n reign_n out_o of_o which_o also_o the_o sens_fw-fr and_o mean_v of_o former_a commission_n be_v to_o be_v collect_v we_o have_v a_o continual_a possession_n or_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n point_v out_o in_o express_a word_n for_o very_a many_o year_n and_o what_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v by_o way_n of_o collection_n out_o of_o these_o that_o follow_v the_o beginning_n of_o marry_o touch_v the_o since_o or_o mean_v of_o former_a commission_n wherein_o a_o positive_a command_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o express_v be_v true_o to_o omit_v the_o thing_n itself_o which_o sufficient_o intimate_n as_o much_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n not_o a_o little_a confirm_v upon_o this_o ground_n that_o he_o also_o who_o before_o any_o express_a mention_n of_o our_o sea_n take_v place_n in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o high_a admiralship_n be_v next_o prefer_v to_o the_o same_o dignity_n be_v immediate_o after_o his_o creâtion_n according_a to_o the_o whole_a title_n of_o his_o office_n as_o be_v the_o same_o title_n which_o indeed_o always_o belong_v to_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n style_v great_a admiral_n of_o 30._o england_n and_z governor_z general_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o our_o sea_n so_o very_o thomas_n baron_n seymour_n who_o i_o mention_v before_o be_v style_v admiral_n of_o england_n in_o the_o patent_n roll_v grant_v to_o he_o by_o edward_n the_o sixth_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o word_n plain_a enough_o in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o the_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n from_o ancient_a to_o the_o present_a time_n that_o the_o sea_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n he_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n be_v ever_o bound_v towards_o the_o south_n by_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n normandy_n and_o picardy_n chap._n xvii_o but_o in_o the_o form_n already_o show_v which_o have_v continue_v in_o use_n for_o so_o many_o year_n you_o see_v mention_n be_v make_v only_o of_o the_o sea_n of_o our_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n our_o dominion_n and_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o as_o the_o province_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n the_o admiral_n be_v appoint_v that_o be_v as_o we_o have_v tell_v you_o the_o english_a irish_a and_o welsh_a sea_n all_o which_o be_v contain_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o british_a as_o it_o have_v be_v obseruéd_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n yet_o the_o name_n of_o normandy_n gascoign_n and_o aquitain_n beside_o calais_n be_v add_v which_o be_v province_n seat_v upon_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v they_o in_o this_o place_n they_o be_v either_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v always_o hold_v in_o subjection_n by_o the_o english_a from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o mention_n of_o they_o in_o the_o commission_n or_o as_o they_o have_v already_o for_o some_o age_n pass_v be_v out_o of_o their_o jurisdiction_n but_o suppose_v in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o they_o have_v always_o remain_v in_o the_o jurisdiction_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o english_a questionless_a
sometime_o slight_a mention_n be_v make_v not_o only_o in_o the_o proêm_n of_o some_o charter_n of_o late_a time_n but_o also_o in_o several_a ancient_a petition_n of_o the_o islander_n that_o those_o island_n belong_v heretofore_o to_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o yet_o we_o know_v as_o well_o that_o those_o province_n which_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v derive_v by_o inheritance_n to_o our_o king_n in_o france_n of_o which_o kind_n true_o these_o island_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v if_o they_o be_v hold_v as_o part_n of_o normandy_n be_v always_o permit_v so_o to_o use_v their_o own_o custom_n and_o ancient_a form_n of_o jurisdiction_n that_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o subject_n to_o the_o 19_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o court_n of_o england_n the_o same_o privilege_n be_v ever_o allow_v likewise_o to_o the_o people_n of_o aquitain_n anjou_n normandy_n and_o other_o yea_o and_o some_o age_n since_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v please_v to_o order_n that_o such_o controversy_n as_o happen_v there_o shall_v not_o be_v decide_v in_o any_o other_o place_n out_o of_o the_o island_n but_o in_o their_o own_o court_n of_o judicature_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o edward_n the_o 2d_o second_o and_o a._n three_o time_n which_o without_o doubt_n make_v good_a search_n into_o that_o right_n whereby_o those_o island_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n there_o be_v justice_n itinerant_a that_o be_v officer_n create_v of_o old_a who_o be_v often_o by_o ordinary_a right_n to_o take_v cognisance_n especial_o of_o the_o more_o heinous_a crime_n through_o all_o the_o county_n of_o england_n also_o of_o such_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o be_v usurp_v and_o arrogate_a by_o any_o and_o of_o other_o matter_n for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o be_v usual_o bring_v into_o court_n of_o justice_n who_o be_v 16._o sometime_o also_o call_v justitiae_fw-la errantes_fw-la justice_n errant_a be_v wont_a to_o be_v send_v forth_o into_o those_o island_n as_o well_o as_o into_o the_o county_n of_o england_n though_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v indeed_o exclaim_v and_o sometime_o prefer_v their_o petition_n against_o this_o kind_n of_o jurisdiction_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o very_a officer_n who_o be_v themselves_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n then_o be_v that_o those_o commission_n whereby_o they_o be_v so_o enable_v to_o administer_v justice_n in_o those_o island_n be_v not_o only_o ground_v upon_o law_n which_o be_v the_o opinion_n also_o of_o those_o who_o rule_v at_o that_o time_n in_o this_o nation_n but_o also_o that_o the_o very_a province_n of_o the_o island_n be_v so_o incorporate_v one_o with_o another_o as_o they_o be_v all_o with_o england_n throughout_o the_o extent_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o lie_v between_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o english_a custom_n in_o the_o province_n or_o country_n that_o a_o caus_n be_v sometime_o enlarge_v they_o may_v appoint_v day_n of_o appearance_n to_o any_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o island_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o any_o one_o of_o the_o isle_n in_o the_o other_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v use_v within_o england_n itself_o which_o appear_v by_o the_o commission_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr scardeburgh_n and_o his_o fellow-justice_n in_o the_o time_n of_o scaccarii_fw-la edward_n the_o three_o and_o londinensi_fw-la other_o of_o that_o age._n but_o it_o be_v never_o hear_v i_o suppose_v that_o upon_o such_o a_o enlargement_n a_o time_n of_o appearance_n may_v by_o our_o common_a law_n be_v appoint_v in_o any_o other_o place_n but_o that_o which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o jurisdiction_n as_o contain_v within_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n whereto_o also_o that_o place_n belong_v out_o of_o which_o any_o one_o be_v so_o adjourn_v nor_o do_v i_o remember_v that_o any_o such_o thing_n be_v ever_o so_o much_o as_o attempt_v in_o those_o province_n which_o be_v not_o reckon_v in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n yet_o possess_v upon_o another_o title_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o the_o dutchy_n of_o anjou_n normandy_n aquitain_n and_o the_o like_a moreover_o also_o in_o the_o more_o ancient_a charter_n of_o some_o of_o our_o king_n in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o etc._n privilege_n of_o islander_n they_o be_v note_v more_o than_o once_o for_o such_o privilege_n as_o they_o or_o their_o ancestor_n or_o predecessor_n have_v enjoy_v under_o the_o obedience_n of_o any_o of_o our_o progenitor_n be_v king_n of_o england_n sure_o if_o it_o have_v be_v then_o believe_v that_o those_o island_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o they_o have_v add_v also_o or_o duke_n of_o normandy_n which_o we_o find_v true_o in_o some_o charter_n of_o 19_o late_a time_n yet_o so_o that_o in_o these_o also_o those_o isle_n be_v say_v in_o express_a term_n and_o that_o upon_o very_o good_a ground_n to_o be_v retain_v in_o sealtie_n and_o obedience_n to_o our_o crown_n of_o england_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o the_o islander_n petition_v the_o king_n in_o parliament_n for_o their_o privilege_n and_o custom_n be_v which_o have_v be_v establish_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n annex_v the_o custom_n of_o some_o of_o the_o island_n among_o which_o be_v these_o item_n that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v question_v about_o his_o freehold_n after_o he_o have_v quiet_o enjoy_v it_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o writ_n take_v out_o of_o the_o chancery_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n make_v special_a mention_n both_o of_o the_o tenement_n itself_o and_o of_o the_o tenant_n item_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v put_v to_o answer_n before_o the_o king_n justice_n of_o assize_n until_o they_o first_o give_v they_o copy_n of_o their_o commission_n of_o assize_n under_o their_o seal_n item_n that_o the_o king_n justice_n assign_v by_o commission_n for_o the_o bold_v of_o assize_n ought_v not_o to_o hold_v plea_n here_o long_a than_o the_o space_n of_o three_o week_n true_o these_o ancient_a custom_n seem_v so_o to_o reâ—â—sh_v as_o if_o those_o island_n have_v be_v subject_a to_o our_o king_n &_o their_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n by_o the_o right_n of_o english_a empire_n not_o by_o the_o norman_a although_o the_o islander_n insinuate_v also_o in_o the_o same_o petition_n that_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n of_o normandy_n add_v hereto_o also_o that_o the_o â—sle_n of_o serk_n be_v grant_v by_o queen_n 3_o elisabeth_n to_o herelie_o the_o carteret_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la by_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o a_o feud_n belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n notwithstanding_o that_o it_o be_v unaware_o or_o else_o careless_o admit_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o this_o grant_n to_o be_v within_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n but_o in_o the_o treaty_n hold_v at_o chartres_n when_o edward_n the_o three_o renounce_v his_o claim_n to_o normandy_n and_o some_o other_o country_n of_o france_n that_o border_v upon_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v add_v that_o no_o controversy_n shall_v remain_v touch_v the_o island_n but_o that_o he_o shall_v hold_v all_o island_n whatsoëver_o which_o he_o possess_v at_o that_o time_n whether_o they_o lie_v before_o those_o country_n that_o â—ee_n hold_v or_o 3._o other_o for_o reason_n require_v this_o to_o maintain_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n yea_o both_o jersey_n and_o gernsey_n as_o also_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o man_n be_v say_v in_o divers_a treaty_n hold_v betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o other_o prince_n to_o belong_v unto_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o to_o lie_v cottonianâ_fw-la near_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n these_o isle_n also_o be_v grant_v heretofore_o by_o king_n 27._o henry_n the_o five_o to_o his_o brother_n john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n without_o any_o recognition_n to_o be_v make_v unto_o we_o or_o our_o heir_n notwithstanding_o any_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o any_o other_o tenure_n hold_v of_o we_o out_o of_o the_o say_a island_n which_o may_v in_o any_o wise_a belong_v unto_o the_o say_a island_n castle_n or_o dominion_n which_o word_n seem_v not_o in_o the_o least_o measure_n to_o admit_v any_o right_n of_o the_o duchy_n perhaps_o also_o that_o ancient_a custom_n be_v as_o a_o token_n or_o pledge_n of_o the_o sea_n dominion_n be_v conjoin_v with_o that_o of_o the_o isle_n whereby_o all_o the_o fish_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o record_n of_o 18._o edward_n the_o three_o take_v by_o the_o fisherman_n of_o
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worthy_a of_o observation_n that_o this_o kind_n of_o letter_n be_v usual_o superscribe_v and_o direct_v by_o our_o king_n to_o their_o governor_n of_o the_o sea_n admiral_n vice-admirals_n sea-captain_n to_o wit_n the_o commander_n appoint_v by_o the_o king_n to_o take_v care_n of_o his_o territory_n by_o sea_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o we_o find_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o of_o any_o such_o commander_n in_o those_o passport_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o be_v grant_v heretofore_o by_o the_o french_a king_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n when_o he_o be_v to_o cross_v over_o into_o france_n letter_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v give_v to_o our_o edward_n the_o second_o by_o king_n philip_n the_o long_a superscribe_v only_o thus_o dorso_fw-la phelip_n par_fw-fr la_fw-fr grace_n de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n a_o touz_v noz_n justicier_n &_o subgy_n salut_v philip_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o france_n to_o our_o judge_n and_o subject_n greeting_n but_o the_o 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by_o the_o english_a upon_o such_o as_o pass_v through_o the_o sea_n and_o true_o it_o be_v very_o considerable_a also_o that_o the_o king_n both_o of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n together_o with_o the_o hans-town_n very_o often_o and_o earnest_o beg_v of_o queen_n elisabeth_n that_o they_o may_v have_v free_a passage_n through_o the_o english_a sea_n with_o provision_n towards_o spain_n during_o the_o war_n betwixt_o she_o and_o the_o spaniard_n i_o know_v indeed_o that_o such_o a_o licence_n be_v deny_v they_o not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o chief_o to_o prevent_v the_o convey_n of_o provision_n to_o the_o enemy_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o divers_a ship_n belong_v to_o the_o hans-town_n lade_v with_o corn_n be_v edita_fw-la take_v by_o english_a man_n of_o war_n in_o the_o very_a strait_n of_o lisbon_n without_o the_o sea-territorie_n of_o england_n which_o go_v by_o the_o 95._o scotish_n sea_n and_o the_o west_n towards_o portugal_n which_o 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essoniaverit_fw-la de_fw-fr ibernia_n quasi_fw-la de_fw-la ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la attornatur_fw-la essonium_fw-la illud_fw-la ad_fw-la simplex_fw-la essonium_fw-la de_fw-la malo_fw-la veniendi_fw-la ut_fw-la coram_fw-la martino_n de_fw-fr patteshul_n in_o banco_n anno_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la sexto_fw-la de_fw-la gilberto_n mariscallo_n &_o ceciliâ_fw-la uxore_fw-la ejus_fw-la &_o allano_n de_fw-fr hyda_n qui_fw-la vocavit_fw-la ad_fw-la warrantum_fw-la willielmum_fw-la mariscallum_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la pembroke_n &_o qui_fw-la se_fw-la essoniavit_fw-la de_fw-fr ibernia_n &_o non_fw-la fuit_fw-la allocatum_fw-la &_o postea_fw-la fecit_fw-la de_fw-la hoc_fw-la quòd_fw-la aliud_fw-la essonium_fw-la de_fw-la malo_fw-la veniendi_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la diem_fw-la non_fw-la fuit_fw-la allocatum_fw-la so_o much_o we_o find_v also_o in_o the_o ancient_a author_n of_o that_o book_n entitle_v 8._o fleta_n doubtless_o ireland_n be_v no_o less_o seat_v beyond_o sea_n than_o either_o 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a_o prohibition_n make_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o proclaim_v according_a to_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a three_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n throughout_o his_o dominion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o prohibition_n which_o forbid_v a_o give_v any_o relief_n to_o the_o french_a king_n enemy_n within_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o so_o endeavour_v to_o defend_v himself_o before_o the_o commissioner_n it_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o great_a damage_n and_o prejudice_n both_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o prelate_n peer_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n who_o joint_o prefer_v the_o bill_n as_o aforesaid_a therefore_o they_o all_o with_o one_o consent_n pray_v that_o the_o person_n so_o imprison_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o restitution_n make_v of_o the_o good_n injurious_o take_v they_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n to_o who_o alone_o this_o kind_n of_o 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that_o charge_n or_o accusation_n for_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a league_n make_v between_o the_o english_a and_o french_a they_o be_v to_o assist_v one_o another_o by_o arm_n to_o defend_v each_o other_n be_v right_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o league_n the_o french_a king_n be_v permit_v to_o use_v the_o sea_n to_o infest_v the_o fleming_n be_v his_o enemy_n but_o not_o to_o intercept_v such_o as_o pass_v this_o way_n from_o any_o other_o nation_n or_o that_o be_v bind_v with_o merchandise_n for_o flanders_n and_o paulus_n 8._o aemilius_n speak_v of_o this_o very_a time_n say_v the_o french_a king_n threaten_v ruin_n to_o flanders_n the_o king_n of_o england_n protect_v the_o fleming_n for_o edward_n be_v so_o far_o only_o a_o friend_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n that_o yet_o he_o will_v not_o have_v the_o fleming_n ruin_v thus_o our_o king_n order_n the_o matter_n both_o as_o a_o defender_n of_o his_o own_o right_n and_o supreme_a moderator_n also_o of_o navigation_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o nor_o true_o be_v it_o to_o be_v omit_v that_o grimbald_n himself_o here_o be_v governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n do_v not_o only_o arrogate_v this_o power_n in_o this_o sea_n from_o the_o authority_n grant_v he_o by_o his_o king_n commission_n but_o in_o express_a term_n also_o make_v use_n of_o that_o prohibition_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n which_o be_v in_o force_n according_a to_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o say_a league_n thereby_o to_o defend_v himself_o as_o if_o he_o have_v also_o acknowledge_v that_o himself_o can_v not_o have_v lawful_o hold_v that_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o this_o sea_n without_o such_o a_o permission_n as_o he_o conceive_v himself_o to_o enjoy_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o prohibition_n for_o by_o that_o prohibition_n it_o be_v require_v that_o no_o relief_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o french_a king_n enemy_n nor_o any_o aid_n afford_v they_o within_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v per_fw-la my_o son_n poere_o which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o grimbald_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o libel_n itself_o set_v down_o hereafter_o and_o so_o grimbald_n express_o object_v the_o authority_n of_o that_o prohibition_n together_o with_o the_o power_n of_o his_o master_n commission_n in_o defence_n of_o himself_o as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v i_o use_v this_o power_n it_o be_v give_v i_o by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o put_v i_o in_o command_n over_o his_o navy_n and_o affair_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n but_o beside_o this_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v set_v forth_o his_o prohibition_n command_v that_o no_o kind_n of_o relief_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o any_o enemy_n of_o the_o french_a within_o his_o dominion_n according_a to_o the_o league_n make_v between_o both_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o see_v i_o have_v not_o take_v either_o the_o person_n or_o good_n of_o any_o but_o such_o as_o be_v enemy_n or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o according_a to_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v upon_o a_o hostile_a account_n for_o doubtless_o he_o pretend_v that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v as_o enemy_n of_o what_o nation_n soêver_o they_o be_v who_o relieve_v the_o fleming_n by_o merchandise_n or_o otherwise_o i_o conceiv_v it_o a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o defence_n in_o my_o behalf_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n according_a to_o the_o league_n make_v do_v by_o public_a proclamation_n require_v that_o no_o succour_n or_o relief_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o enemy_n of_o france_n in_o any_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n upon_o which_o account_n not_o to_o these_o who_o i_o take_v at_o sea_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o in_o brief_a be_v this_o that_o grimbald_n do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o imagine_v that_o his_o office_n of_o admiralty_n or_o power_n give_v he_o by_o commission_n depend_v upon_o any_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n by_o sea_n but_o altogether_o upon_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o king_n commission_n the_o league_n and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n prohibition_n as_o if_o the_o english_a king_n have_v open_o declare_v by_o that_o league_n and_o prohibition_n that_o he_o will_v not_o take_v it_o for_o any_o injury_n to_o himself_o during_o that_o kind_n of_o league_n and_o prohibition_n although_o the_o french_a shall_v fall_v upon_o any_o of_o their_o enemy_n in_o his_o dominion_n or_o though_o they_o which_o be_v all_o one_o here_o shall_v be_v take_v in_o his_o sea_n by_o the_o french_a king_n officer_n certain_o unless_o you_o so_o understand_v grimbald_n i_o do_v not_o see_v wherefore_o he_o shall_v at_o all_o join_v that_o prohibition_n together_o with_o the_o king_n his_o master_n commission_n in_o defence_n of_o himself_o as_o it_o be_v express_v in_o the_o libel_n or_o why_o mention_n be_v make_v there_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n throughout_o which_o that_o prohibition_n be_v proclaim_v see_v the_o controversy_n arise_v touch_v thing_n do_v only_o by_o sea_n but_o if_o he_o be_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v certain_o than_o he_o do_v not_o only_o forbear_v to_o oppose_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n but_o also_o sufficient_o acknowledge_v it_o while_o he_o seem_v to_o affirm_v that_o a_o temporary_a restriction_n only_o be_v add_v thereto_o by_o a_o accession_n of_o the_o league_n and_o the_o prohibition_n so_o that_o we_o have_v a_o tacit_n acknowledgement_n even_o of_o the_o french_a themselves_o at_o that_o time_n in_o this_o their_o admiral_n but_o how_o the_o principal_a point_n of_o the_o league_n ought_v to_o be_v expound_v it_o be_v no_o place_n here_o to_o discourse_n for_o we_o observe_v only_o that_o the_o sea_n dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v acknowledge_v in_o
he_o out_o of_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n yet_o 2._o joannes_n tilius_fw-la place_v he_o among_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n call_v he_o roverius_n grimaldus_n he_o also_o be_v that_o admiral_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o as_o joannes_n de_fw-fr 93._o beka_n say_v have_v command_v of_o three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o galley_n that_o be_v send_v by_o philip_n the_o fair_a in_o the_o year_n mccciv_o to_o aid_v the_o hollander_n against_o the_o fleming_n there_o be_v also_o several_a particular_n in_o the_o record_n of_o france_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o difference_n then_o on_o foot_n between_o the_o english_a and_o french_a and_o although_o that_o libel_n or_o any_o copy_n of_o it_o be_v not_o find_v therein_o if_o we_o may_v credit_v tilius_fw-la who_o set_v forth_o a_o catalogue_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o record_n yet_o there_o be_v that_o commission_n among_o they_o whereby_o the_o aforesaid_a auditor_n or_o commissioner_n be_v authorize_v to_o determine_v of_o thing_n do_v contrary_a to_o the_o league_n it_o be_v describe_v by_o 40._o tilius_fw-la after_o this_o manner_n pouvoir_fw-fr donè_fw-la par_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr edovard_n à _fw-fr deux_fw-fr nommez_fw-fr &_o accordez_fw-fr de_fw-fr sa_fw-fr part_n pour_fw-fr avec_fw-fr les_fw-fr deux_fw-fr eleuz_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr part_n du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr phelippe_n d'_fw-fr enquerir_fw-fr &_o amendir_fw-fr les_fw-fr forfaicte_v durant_fw-mi lour_v trefue_a le_fw-fr dernier_fw-fr juin_n mccciii_o ou_fw-fr tresor_fw-la layette_fw-fr procurationes_fw-la posse_fw-la &_o potestates_fw-la angliae_fw-la k._n power_n be_v give_v by_o king_n edward_n to_o two_o person_n name_v and_o appoint_v on_o his_o part_n to_o meet_v with_o two_o person_n choose_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o say_a king_n philip_n to_o make_v enquiry_n and_o give_v remedy_n touch_v injury_n commit_v during_o the_o truce_n betwixt_o they_o the_o last_o of_o june_n mccciii_o in_o the_o treasury_n in_o the_o box_n entitle_v procurationes_fw-la posse_fw-la &_o potestateâ—s_fw-la angliae_fw-la k._n the_o commission_n bear_v date_n the_o same_o day_n and_o year_n whereby_o these_o auditor_n or_o commissioner_n be_v appoint_v for_o this_o purpose_n as_o we_o observe_v before_o out_o of_o our_o own_o record_n nor_o be_v it_o of_o any_o force_n here_o to_o the_o contrary_a that_o commissioner_n be_v sometime_o etc._n depute_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o shore_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a king_n to_o determine_v complaint_n about_o robbery_n and_o other_o injury_n usual_o do_v by_o private_a person_n to_o one_o another_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n for_o if_o any_o one_o will_v collect_v thence_o that_o the_o prince_n which_o depute_v they_o have_v both_o a_o equal_a right_n in_o the_o sea_n it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v conclude_v upon_o the_o same_o ground_n that_o they_o be_v but_o part-owner_n of_o their_o own_o country_n and_o have_v a_o equal_a interest_n in_o each_o other_o be_v land_n beside_o in_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o deputation_n as_o that_o there_o be_v more_o regard_n have_v of_o the_o person_n offend_v that_o be_v to_o be_v try_v than_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o territory_n which_o true_o be_v whole_o to_o be_v discover_v some_o other_o way_n a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o edward_n the_o second_o chap._n xxix_o to_o these_o let_v we_o add_v now_o the_o assent_n and_o voluntary_a acknowledgement_n of_o the_o fleming_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o when_o as_o the_o ambassador_n of_o robert_n earl_n of_o flanders_n complain_v of_o the_o take_n of_o their_o good_n away_o at_o sea_n implore_v remedy_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o say_v more_o than_o once_o that_o they_o be_v take_v upon_o the_o english_a sea_n towards_o the_o part_n about_o crauden_n within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o bring_v into_o england_n but_o that_o it_o appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o take_v cognisance_n of_o the_o crime_n for_o that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n be_v commit_v upon_o the_o aforesaid_a sea_n within_o his_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o record_n but_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o the_o dorso_fw-la whole_a so_o far_o as_o it_o relate_n to_o this_o business_n memorandum_n that_o whereas_o for_o the_o reformation_n of_o certain_a injury_n in_o a_o amicable_a way_n do_v by_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n to_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o by_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n to_o those_o of_o flanders_n since_o the_o time_n that_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n undertake_v the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n several_a treaty_n have_v be_v hold_v between_o the_o council_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n often_o send_v into_o england_n upon_o the_o aforesaid_a occasion_n which_o treaty_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o impediment_n that_o happen_v do_v not_o aâ—tem_v the_o desire_a effect_n at_o length_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n hold_v at_o westminster_n in_o ocâ—abis_fw-la sancti_fw-la michaâ—lis_fw-la in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n there_o appear_v certain_a ambassador_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n to_o treat_v about_o reform_v the_o aforesaid_a injury_n in_o the_o form_n aforesaid_a and_o when_o as_o the_o say_a ambassador_n have_v be_v admit_v by_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n to_o treat_v anew_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o injury_n these_o ambassador_n as_o other_o ambassador_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a earl_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a treaty_n do_v among_o other_o particular_n that_o they_o require_v before_o all_o thing_n make_v supplication_n that_o the_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n will_v at_o his_o own_o sâ—â—t_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o royal_a authority_n cause_n enquiry_n to_o be_v maâ—â—_n and_o do_v justice_n about_o a_o certain_a depredation_n laâ—ely_o make_v by_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n as_o they_o say_v upon_o the_o english_a sea_n of_o wine_n and_o divers_a other_o merchandise_n belong_v to_o certain_a man_n of_o flanders_n towards_o the_o part_n about_o crauden_n within_o the_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n allege_v that_o the_o aforesaid_a wine_n and_o merchandises_n take_v from_o the_o say_a fleming_n be_v bring_v within_o the_o râ—â—â—m_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o so_o to_o do_v for_o that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o say_a sea_n within_o his_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n in_o conclusion_n after_o diligent_a consideration_n have_v of_o the_o premise_n in_o the_o same_o parliament_n with_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o peer_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n be_v there_o present_a it_o be_v conclude_v upon_o their_o advice_n by_o the_o say_a lord_n king_n that_o to_o preserv_v the_o benefit_n of_o peace_n between_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n and_o â—landers_n the_o say_a lord_n king_n do_v by_o his_o royal_a authority_n cause_n enquiry_n to_o be_v make_v about_o the_o good_n take_v at_o that_o time_n upon_o the_o aforesaid_a english_a sea_n towards_o the_o say_a place_n of_o crauden_n and_o bring_v within_o the_o say_a realm_n in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o malefactor_n go_v with_o the_o good_n so_o take_v to_o the_o say_a land_n of_o england_n and_o cause_v the_o same_o depredation_n to_o be_v hear_v and_o determine_v according_a to_o law_n and_o reason_n and_o that_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n who_o have_v a_o hand_n in_o the_o say_a depredation_n and_o other_o who_o know_o receive_v the_o say_v offender_n with_o the_o good_n so_o take_v in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n may_v be_v charge_v and_o punish_v thereupon_o as_o partaker_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n so_o far_o that_o record_n and_o commissioner_n be_v appoint_v with_o power_n of_o jurisdiction_n by_o the_o king_n commission_n through_o most_o of_o the_o maritime_a county_n to_o make_v reparation_n of_o damage_n but_o because_o there_o be_v upon_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o especial_o those_o of_o zealand_n and_o there_o be_v also_o upon_o other_o neighbour_a shore_n beside_o inlet_n of_o river_n very_o many_o wind_n and_o turn_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v in_o whereby_o the_o land_n be_v so_o interweave_v up_o and_o down_o that_o it_o can_v well_o be_v but_o that_o the_o sea_n also_o which_o flow'_v in_o and_o oftentimes_o remove_n bank_n and_o make_v harbour_n there_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n almost_o
that_o be_v of_o the_o superiority_n or_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o the_o right_n of_o the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v also_o in_o the_o say_a agreement_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n also_o in_o one_o of_o the_o libel_n to_o those_o word_n be_v add_v retinendis_fw-la &_o confirmandis_fw-la all_o be_v very_o plain_o write_v in_o the_o usual_a character_n of_o that_o age_n whereunto_o the_o matter_n relate_n and_o there_o can_v be_v no_o scruple_n touch_v the_o reality_n and_o truth_n of_o they_o to_o any_o one_o that_o see_v they_o who_o be_v but_o a_o little_a acquaint_v with_o the_o ancient_a writing_n and_o such_o kind_n of_o record_n i_o give_v you_o the_o whole_a sens_fw-fr yea_o and_o partly_o the_o word_n before_o but_o now_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o set_v down_o a_o entire_a copy_n of_o the_o libel_n as_o it_o be_v write_v at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o french_a or_o norman_a tongue_n which_o run_v after_o this_o manner_n at_fw-fr vous_fw-fr signior_n auditor_n deputez_fw-fr per_fw-la les_fw-fr rois_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr france_n a_o redresser_n les_fw-fr damage_n faits_fw-fr as_o gentz_n de_fw-mi lour_v roiaulme_n &_o des_fw-fr altre_n terres_fw-la subgitz_fw-fr a_fw-fr leur_fw-fr seignury_n per_fw-la mire_n &_o per_fw-la terre_fw-fr en_fw-fr temps_fw-fr de_fw-fr pees_z &_o trewe_v monstrent_fw-la les_fw-fr procuror_n des_fw-fr praelatz_n et_fw-fr nobles_n &_o deal_v admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr &_o des_fw-fr commonalty_n des_fw-fr city_n &_o des_fw-fr villes_n &_o des_fw-fr marchaunz_n mariner_n messagiers_n &_o peleringe_n &_o de_fw-fr tous_fw-fr autres_fw-fr du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roiaulme_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr &_o des_fw-fr autres_fw-fr terres_fw-la subgit_n a_o in_o segnurie_n du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engletterre_fw-fr &_o do_v aillour_n si_fw-fr comme_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr marine_n de_fw-fr genue_fw-fr cateloigne_n espaigne_n alemaigne_n seland_n hoyland_n frise_n denemarch_n &_o norway_n &_o the_o plusour_n autres_fw-fr lieux_fw-fr del_fw-it empire_n que_fw-fr come_v les_fw-fr royes_n de_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr par_fw-la raison_n du_n dit_fw-fr royalme_n du_n temps_fw-fr de_fw-fr on_o it_o il_fw-fr nigh_o ad_fw-la memoir_v du_n contrary_a eussent_fw-fr este_fw-fr en_fw-fr paisible_a possession_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr sovuereigne_a seignurie_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mier_n de_fw-fr engleierre_fw-fr et_fw-fr des_fw-mi isle_n esteauns_n en_fw-fr ycelle_n par_fw-fr ordinance_n &_o establisement_n des_fw-fr lois_fw-fr estatute_n &_o defence_n do_v arm_n &_o des_fw-fr vesseaux_fw-fr autrement_fw-fr garny_n que_fw-fr vesseaux_fw-fr de_fw-fr merchandise_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr seurté_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr et_fw-fr savegarde_n donor_n en_fw-fr tous_fw-fr case_z que_fw-fr mesty_a sirrah_n et_fw-fr par_fw-fr ordinance_n de_fw-fr tous_fw-fr autres_fw-fr faits_fw-fr necessary_n a_o la_fw-fr garde_fw-fr des_fw-fr pee_z droiture_fw-fr et_fw-fr equite_v entre_fw-fr toute_fw-fr manere_fw-la des_fw-fr gentz_n taunt_n d'_fw-fr autre_fw-fr seignurie_n come_fw-mi leur_fw-fr propre_fw-fr par_fw-fr illeque'_v passanz_n et_fw-fr par_fw-fr sovereign_a guard_n et_fw-la tote_fw-la manere_fw-la de_fw-fr conisance_n et_fw-fr justice_n haute_fw-fr et_fw-fr base_n sur_fw-fr les_fw-fr dite_fw-fr lois_fw-fr estatut_n ordinance_n et_fw-la defence_n et_fw-fr par_fw-fr toutz_fw-fr aultre_n faitz_fw-fr queux_fw-fr à _fw-fr le_fw-fr government_n de_fw-fr sovereign_a seignurie_n appertenir_fw-fr purront_fw-fr es_fw-mi lieux_fw-fr avant_fw-fr ditz_fw-fr et_fw-fr a._n de_fw-fr b._n admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr mire_n deputez_fw-fr per_fw-la le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr et_fw-fr touz_v les_fw-fr autres_fw-fr admiral_n per_fw-la meisme_n celui_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr et_fw-fr ses_fw-fr auncestres_n jadis_fw-la rois_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr eussent_fw-fr este_fw-la in_o paisible_a possession_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr soverein_fw-la garde_fw-fr ove_fw-la la_fw-fr conisance_n et_fw-fr justice_n et_fw-fr toutz_fw-fr les_fw-fr aultre_n apertenance_n avantdite_n forspris_fw-la en_fw-fr case_z d'_fw-fr appell_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr querele_n fait_fw-fr de_fw-fr eux_fw-fr à _fw-fr lour_v sovereign_n roys_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr de_fw-fr deffault_n de_fw-fr droit_fw-fr ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr malvais_fw-fr juggement_n et_fw-la especialment_n par_fw-fr empechement_fw-fr metere_fw-la et_fw-la justice_n fair_a seurte_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pee_z de_fw-fr toute_fw-fr manere_fw-la des_fw-fr gentz_n usaunts_n arm_n en_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr mire_n vo_o menan_n niefs_fw-mi aultrement_fw-fr apparallez_fw-fr ou_fw-fr garniez_fw-fr que_fw-fr n'_fw-fr appartenoit_fw-fr au_fw-fr nief_n marchande_fw-ge et_fw-la en_fw-fr toutz_fw-fr aultre_n point_n en_fw-fr queux_fw-fr home_fw-fr peut_fw-fr aver_v reasonable_a cause_n the_o suspection_n vers_fw-la eau_fw-fr de_fw-fr robbery_n ou_fw-fr des_fw-fr autres_fw-fr mesfaits_n et_fw-la come_v les_fw-fr mistress_n des_fw-fr neif_n du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr royalme_n d'engleterre_fw-fr en_fw-fr absence_n des_fw-fr dit_n admiral_n eussent_fw-fr este_fw-la en_fw-fr paisible_a possession_n de_fw-fr conustre_fw-fr et_fw-fr jugger_n des_fw-fr touz_v faict_n en_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr mire_n entre_fw-fr toute_fw-fr manere_fw-la des_fw-fr gentz_n solonâ—_n les_fw-fr lois_fw-fr estatut_n et_fw-fr les_fw-fr defence_n et_fw-fr custumes_n et_fw-la come_v en_fw-fr le_fw-fr pimier_n article_n de_fw-fr l'_fw-fr alliance_n nadgair_v faite_fw-fr entre_fw-fr les_fw-fr dit_n roys_n en_fw-fr les_fw-fr traitz_fw-fr sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr darrain_a pee_z de_fw-mi paris_n soient_fw-fr comprise_v les_fw-fr paroles_fw-fr que_fw-fr â—ensujent_fw-fr en_fw-fr un_fw-fr cedule_n annexe_v à _fw-fr yâ—este_fw-fr at_o non_fw-la in_o schedulâ_fw-la annexâ_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o eâdem_fw-la membranâ_fw-la descriptum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la sequitur_fw-la unde_fw-la non_fw-la tam_fw-la ipsos_fw-la libellos_fw-la qui_fw-la cognitoribus_fw-la edebantur_fw-la quà m_fw-la sive_fw-la formulas_fw-la eorum_fw-la archetypas_fw-la sive_fw-la exemplaria_fw-la descripta_fw-la haec_fw-la esse_fw-la conjiciendum_fw-la fortè_fw-la est_fw-la utì_n etiam_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la quòd_fw-la admiralli_n angliae_fw-la nomen_fw-la aliter_fw-la ac_fw-la per_fw-la a._n de_fw-fr b._n non_fw-la inseratur_fw-la quae_fw-la prima_fw-la elementa_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la nominis_fw-la alicujus_fw-la tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la angliae_fw-la admiralli_n in_fw-la sacris_fw-la scriniis_fw-la reperti_fw-la primierement_n il_fw-fr est_fw-fr traict_n &_o accord_v entre_fw-fr nous_fw-fr &_o les_fw-fr messenger_n &_o les_fw-fr procurer_n susdit_n en_fw-fr nom_fw-fr des_fw-fr dit_n roys_n que_fw-fr iceux_fw-fr roys_n serront_fw-fr l'un_fw-fr à _fw-fr l'autre_fw-fr desore_n enavant_n bons_fw-fr uraye_v &_o loyaux_fw-fr amiss_o &_o eydans_fw-fr contre_fw-fr tout_fw-fr home_n sauve_fw-fr l'_fw-fr esglise_fw-fr de_fw-fr rome_n en_fw-fr tiele_fw-fr manner_n que_fw-fr si_fw-fr ascun_fw-fr ou_fw-fr plusieurs_fw-fr quicunque_n ils_fw-fr fuissent_fw-la voloient_fw-fr depointy_a empescher_fw-ge ou_fw-fr troubler_n les_fw-fr dit_n roye_v es_a franchise_n es_a liberty_n privilege_n es_fw-mi drois_fw-mi es_fw-mi droiture_n eu_fw-fr es_fw-mi custume_n de_fw-fr eux_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr leur_fw-fr royalme_n q'ils_fw-fr seront_fw-fr bons_fw-fr &_o loyaux_fw-fr amiss_o &_o aydans_fw-la contre_fw-fr tout_fw-fr home_fw-fr que_fw-fr pvisse_fw-fr viure_fw-fr &_o morir_fw-it à _fw-it defendre_fw-fr gardir_n &_o maintenir_fw-fr les_fw-fr franchise_n les_fw-fr liberty_n les_fw-fr privilege_n les_fw-fr droiture_n et_fw-fr les_fw-fr custume_n desusdite_v except_o pur_fw-mi le_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr angletterre_fw-fr mounseur_fw-fr johan_n duâ—_n de_fw-fr braban_n en_fw-fr brabant_n et_fw-fr ses_fw-fr heir_n dessendan_n de_fw-fr lui_fw-fr et_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr fille_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr et_fw-fr except_o pur_fw-mi le_fw-fr dite_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr â—e_n roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n l'_fw-fr excellent_a prince_n monsiur_fw-fr aubert_n roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr alemaigne_n et_fw-fr ces_fw-fr heir_n roye_v do_v alemaine_n et_fw-fr mounseur_fw-fr johan_n count_n de_fw-fr henau_n en_fw-fr henau_n et_fw-fr que_fw-fr l'un_fw-fr ne_fw-fr serra_fw-mi en_fw-fr consail_n ne_fw-fr en_fw-fr aid_n ou_fw-fr l'_fw-fr autre_fw-fr perde_o vie_fw-fr member_n estate_n ou_fw-fr honour_n mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n grimbaltz_n maistre_fw-mi de_fw-fr la_fw-fr navy_n du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n in_o english_a it_o run_v thus_o to_o you_o our_o lord_n commissioner_n auditor_n depute_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n to_o redress_v the_o wrong_n do_v to_o the_o people_n of_o their_o kingdom_n and_o of_o other_o territory_n subject_a to_o their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n and_o by_o land_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o truce_n the_o procurator_n of_o the_o prelate_n noble_n and_o of_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o commonalty_n of_o city_n and_o town_n and_o of_o the_o merchant_n mariner_n messengers_z inhabitant_n stranger_n and_o all_o other_o belong_v to_o the_o say_a realm_n of_o england_n and_o the_o other_o territory_n subject_a to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o other_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o same_o as_o also_o of_o divers_a other_o nation_n inhabitant_n of_o the_o sea-costs_a of_o genoa_n catalonia_n spain_n almaign_n zealand_n holland_n friesland_n denmark_n and_o norway_n and_o of_o divers_a other_o place_n of_o the_o empire_n do_v declare_v that_o whereas_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o right_a of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n from_z time_z to_o time_n whereof_o