moneys and exchanges haue been made as in the margent In primo of King Henry the eight Sir Thomas Bullen Knight was the Kings exchanger by Letters Patents for all changes and rechanges for forraine parts as by the Records appeareth in his Maiesties Exchequer and there also you shall finde that during the râ—igne of the said king Henry the seuenth one Petrus Contarin a Venetiâ—n Merchâ—nt was sued in the tenth yeare of his raigne vpon the said Statutes and the like â—uâ—e was brought in the ninteenth yeare following against Dominico Polliâ—oâ—o the Popes collector And Lorenzo Albâ—rti vpon the like condemnation did pay 933 l. Graftons Cron. This caused the said King Henry the eight in the twenty two yeare of his Raigne to make a very seuere Proclamation that no person should make any exchange contrary to the true meaning of the said Acts and Statutes but as Warres discompound all good orders and necessity hath no law so in the latter end of this Kings Raigne by reason of the base money then coyned this office of exchanges did discontinue And in Edward the sixt his time the practise of exchange was for a time prohibited but vpon vrgent necessity of the conueniences therof againe admitted vnto Merchants In the beginning of the Raign of the late Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory the abuses of exchanges were called in question by M r. Hussly gouernour of the Merchants Aduenturors afterwards the Lord Burghley Lord Treasurer of England had a grant by Letters Patents of the said office for 23. yeares who not being informed how the same should be truely Gouerned after Proclamation made could not finde conuenient meanes to establish the same this in progresse of time did touch the said Lord so much in his honor and reputation that his Sonne Sir Robert Cecill Lord Treasurer of England after him would neuer incline to establish the said office much lesse to reforme the abuses thereof besides some other consideration might moue him because the busines was propounded by others So that Misselden doth speake vntruly that the same was reiected P. 92. for it hath still continued and beene in agitation euen as the fishing Trade hitherto neglected whereof more hereafter The importancy of the matter of exchange Treaties of Exchanges with other Princes doth not onely appeare by the said generall Acts of Parliament hitherto vnrepealed and now most necessary then euer to be put in practise but also by diuers Treaties that the Kings of England haue had by many conferrences with other Princes and states concerning the losses sustained thereby now vtterly neglected Let it be considered what incredible losse England sustaineth when wee loose aboue twoâ—shillings in the pound when the Dutchesse of Sauoy Regent of the Low Countries alleageth that one halfe penny in the pound losse would ruine the State of those Countries as by antient records in the Exchequer appeareth King Henry the eight being come to Callice required the Arch-dutches of Austria then gouernor of the Low Countries to permit his gold and siluer to passe currant in her Dominions a little aboue the true value thereof for the better inabling of his Souldiers and Merchants The Dutchesse dispatched Thomas Gramay generall of her mints and Iohn Dewsbrooke her Assay-master with instructions to the King of England aduertising him Notable considerations that to suffer the English coyne runne at an ouervalue was against all Statutes and ordinances of the Mint and that it would redound to the great scandall losse and harme to the common-weale and the harme and losse should be so great that it were imposible to esteeme it for the Merchant findeth that more might be gotten in England then in her Doâ—inions for Bullion by this ouerualuation of the English coyne would carry away all fiue gold molten and vnmolten not onely in ingotts but also in peeces of gold made in the Arch-Dukes Mint to conuert them into Angell Nobles by which meanes the Countrey and Subiects of the same should be totally consumed spoyled and destroyed which would turne to a domage inestimable The like is affirmed to ensue by the tolleration of our English siluer moneys to be ouer valued Gaine is still the Center because all Merchants for their gaine would carry into England not onely the materialls of siluer but also peeces coyned wherby the entercourse of Merchandise should cease and the Merchants should become Merchants of siluer without selling any other ware or Merchandise Furthermore she pleaded that neuer any Prince would permit strange money to passe higher then his owne but that of custome they vse the contrary And which is most effectuall she vrged that the ordinances of the Mints for the benefit of the Prince and his Subiects ought euer to be kept of good policy for a Law firme and stable forasmuch the meanes of Princes and of Noblemen together with the rents fees and wages of all his Subiects are taxed and valued and all Merchandise ruled and gouerned thereby wherefore without great necessity or evident vtility no alteration ought to be made in the price of moneys Vpon this remoustrance the Arch-Dutchesse Commissioners the Mint-masters of the Tower made assayes of all English and Flemish coynes and after long disputing and wrangling the King could neuer obtaine to haue his coyne passe at an halfe penny aboue the true value What shall wee say of these our dayes wherein we suffer so great an vnderualuation of our moneys in exchange and inhaunoing of forraine coyne whereby the Trade is decayed the Realme impouerished and euery man in a maner vndone Are all the precedent Lawes and ordinances made in vaine and forgotten When Hercules had loâ—t his oxen Bateman in his Leaden gods and had long time sought them in vaine they were at last discouered by their bellowing to be in Cacus Denne now Cacos in Greeke signifieth Euill which draweth men backwards by the taile as Cacus did the oxen whenc I doe conclude that the said Lawes and ordinances are hid in Misseldens Denne for in his Circle he will take no notice of them P. 9. but keepeth them backe But thankes be giuen vnto God and honor to the King who out of his Princely care and prouidence hath Hercules strength to put the said Lawes in execution to which purpose and to aduance Trade his highnes hath beene gratiously pleased First to grant a speciall Commitee to examine the causes of the decay of Trade next an especiall Commission directed to diuers Noble Personages and Priuie Councellors of State associated with most worthy persons of quality to diuise wholsome remedies for these diseases wherein they bestow vnfatigable industry and paines to receiue all informations which may conduce them to finde out the true remedies and discerne them from all fallacies to them I doubt not my labours will be acceptable done freely and sincerely for the common good It may be that the reformation hereof hath also been reserued vntill these dayes now the
be somewhat galled and that makes him turne and wriggle vp and downe that he cannot containe himselfe within his circle but breakes out into sundry contrarieties and contradictions quarelling on the behalfe of the Merchants Aduenturers at the multitude of their aforesaid aduersaries whom he cannot name without enuie nor let them passe his pen before he hath cast his As-pis and other his viperous venome vpon them as aforesaid And in his OratioÌ„ to his Masters the Merchants Aduenturers he magnifieth them and brayeth out O ye Merchants Aduenturers that haue worthily obtaineâ— honour of his Maiestie P. 63. fauour of the Nobilitie fame in the world loue of strangers good report of all This proceeds from some distemper and is worse then the wilde goose race he taxeth me withall P. 68. where by the way I obserue that this Omnibus visus that hath such skill in canting P. 52. quacksaluing P. 91. and what not hath here in this phrase of hunting mistaken his terme as he often doth his matter For if he read M r. Markham his booke of Huntmanship and others Writers of that subiect he may find discourses of a wilde goose chace but the wilde goose race is his owne Wherefore I will leaue him and follow the chace as he pursueth the forenamed supposed Aduersaries of which I would haue spoken in order as he hath named them but that according to the maner of wilde goose chace he hauing got the leading I must follow and that within distance And first he leades me into a defence of that that I said the Merchants Aduenturers had ingrossed into their hands by colour of their last Letters pattents the sole power of exporting cloth c. this he saith is but my libertie of speech and so he endeuours to refute it by extenuating as it were his Maiesties fauor towards them in point of exportation For saith he pag. 53. in point of exportation of white and coloured clothes kersies bayes sayes and other new draperies there is no more power giuen them in the said later then his Maiesty and his royall Predecessors haue honored them with in former Letters pattents of which he recites the catalogue and begins but in the eighth yeare of Hen. 4. by which he saith the aforesaid trade of cloth c. was intrusted vnto them Let that be taken for granted and it will plainly appeare that they haue no priuiledge at all in this behalfe but onely power to assemble themselues to chuse a Gouerner to rectifie their owne abuses and by way of iustice to punish one another for their misdemeanours and to that purpose that foresaid grant was made vnto them Power of the Merchants Aduentuâ—ers Letters patent wherein one William Oueray was assigned to be their Gouerner as by the said Letters pattents at large appeareth And of this power and priuiledge all Merchants and Mariners of England Ireland and Wales are to be equally partakers without exception limitation or difference of person countrey or commoditie And whatsoeuer freedome of trade into the parts therein expressed his Maiesties subiects are now barred of is meerly vsurped And if you aske me what meanes he then to mention such large grants of Henry the 4. and other succeeding Kings with new titles and priuiledges granted vnto them and that with prohibition of all other as he relates I answer this man either hath not seen or not vnderstood the main of this matter but hath dealt in it either ignorantly or concealedly for the making plaine whereof let vs obserue that in that time of Hen. the 4. which he mentioneth to be the beginning of the Merchants Adventurers there was then The antiquitie of the Merchants of the Staple and long before that time setled both in England and beyond the Seas another famous Societie of English Merchants called the Merchants of the Staple as by sundry ancient records hereafter specified appeareth these were the Merchants then entrusted with the trade of exporting the Staple commodities of the kingdome whereof Wooll and cloth were the chiefe which they exported in such abundance that they being trusted by the State to collect the Kings Customes amongst themselues they haue paid out of the Staple into the Exchequer 68 thousand pounds starling per annum as appeareth by record of 36 of Hen. 6. at which time an ounce of siluer was valued but at 30 d. which is now 5 s being iust double the said summe in value or 136 thousand pounds These were the Merchants that before cloth was made in England exported the materials of this Land as Wooll Lead Tin c. and returned for the same Gold or siluer either coin or bullion and to that purpose they made worthy lawes and ordinances amongst themselues still extant to which euery Merchant of that Societie was sworne and they did likewise giue good bond to the Maior of the Staple before their goods were suffered to passe that they should not barter away the Staple coÌ„modities of the kingdome but should returne a great proportion if not the whole value in coine or bullion whereby this kingdome was at all times made rich and potent And vnder these Merchants trade was so managed that cloth making began in England and they exported cloth before the Merchants Aduenturers or the Leidges their predecessors had a name or being And if you aske how then came those Leidges and these Merchants Aduenturers to ship cloth not being free of the Staple I answer that the purpose of the State was then so bent to cherish the manufacture of cloth that there was libertie giuen to all sorts of Merchants and Mariners subiects of this Realme for the exportation thereof And though it was accounted a Staple commoditie and exported by the Merchants of the Staple yet other Merchants were likewise permitted to export the same though they did not at all times returne coine and bullion according to the lawes of the Staple whereupon many Merchants and Mariners of England Ireland and Wales not free of the Staple did trade with English cloth in forrein parts and then finding themselues encombred with many euils which proceeded from want of gouernment some of them procured of King Henry the 4. the aforesaid Letters pattents granted as before obserued to all the Kings Leidges trading beyond the Seas into Holland Zeland Brabant and other Countries in amitie with this Kingdome This was the first originall and foundation of the now Merchants Aduenturers and from that their beginning there was not any other power priuiledge or proprietie of trade or any other title or addition giuen vnto them but a meere confirmation of that first grant as appeareth by Misselden his owne booke vntill the xx yeare of Hen. 7. when saith he they were honoured with the title of Merchants and had power giuen them to keepe their Courts at Callis Herein he dealeth reseruedly for though he sets forth the truth yet he sets not forth the whole truth and that which he concealeth is
frequently when siluer is aduanced by altering the proportion and reducing the same to 12 to one or thereabouts Secondly The forreine coyne will be aduanced by these meanes 7 vpon the hundreth aboue our Starlin moneys and thereby increase the exportation of the said Royalls Thirdly The King will loose his coynage money being aboue 2 d. vpon an ounce and the melting downe of his moneys and effacing of his stampe is a great derogation of his Prerogation Royall it being a marke of Soueraignty Fourthly The inhauncing of the said Royalls will alter the price of Plare as also of other commodities within the Realme which is a matter much respected hitherto Fiftly When moneys are inhaunced beyond the Seas the price of exchange doth also inhaunce in some measure but when moneys are inhaunced here the exchange abateth which causeth the exportation of our money to increase As for example The propery of true exchange If to make siluer equiualent to gold of 12 to one the ounce should be valued at 5 s. 6 d whereby it would be inhaunced tenne Pro cento should be though conuenient it would make the price of exchange to fall 10 Pro cento or more which for the Low Countries would fall to 30 s. and vnder and so it will be still transported and the making of forreine coyne currant within the Realme aboue the value of ours is not vsed vpon any good order as we haue noted by the Arch-Dutchesse of Austria To come therefore to the true remedy wee are to consider the true causes of their operations to which end we haue declared in the Equin octiall the losse which the Realme sustaineth by a low exchange or the vndervaluation of our moneys as also the benefits which will arise by the high exchange as meerely opposite vnto it so that we may conclude certainly Causes to preuent the ouerballancing è conuerso I that when the exchange shall be rectified and our moneys be truely valued in exchange 2 according to the inhauncing of moneys beyond the Seas 3 then will the transportation of moneys cease 4 and the more natiue commodities will be exported and consequently the losse of that inhauncing being preuented 5 will cause Bullion and moneys to be imported 6 and the lesse forreine commodities to be brought in 7 the Royall of Spaine will not be diuerted nor the Trade depending thereupon 8 which will procure plenty of money 9 to aduance the price of our commodities 10 and abating the price of the forreine commodities thereby effectually preuenting the aforesaid ouerballancing This is to be done onely by his Maiesties Proclamation The way to restore Englands Wealth according to the aforesaid Statutes and Proclamation of exchanges prohibiting that after 3 moneths next and ensuing the same no man shall make any exchanges by Bills or otherwise for moneys to be paied in forreine parts or to be rechanged towards this Realme vnder the true Par or value for value of our moneys and the moneys of other Countries in weight and finesse but at the said rate or aboue the same as Merchants can agree but neuer vnder the same which shall be declared by a paire of Tables vpon the Royall Exchange in London with such cautions and obseruation as formerly haue beene noted whereunto I must referre my selfe to be seene at large in Lex Mercatoria For the better vnderstanding hereof and to shew that the like hath beene formerly done but therein onely direction was wanting hitherto I haue thought conuenient to put downe the same verbatiâ— as followeth A Proclamation for the ordering of the exchange of money vsed by Merchants Queene Eliz. according to the 〈◊〉 and Statutas of the Realme FOrasmuch as there are so great abuses of 〈◊〉 yeares growne by the corrupt dealing of sundry Merchants and Brokers as well Strangers 〈◊〉 vpon bargaine of exchanges and rechange of moneys to be paid both out within this Realme as not onely the good laudable and profitable vse of naturall Merchandising is greatly decayed the true values of the moneys of this Realme much â—based and her Maiesties Customes and subsedies that are the ancient inheritance of this Crowne diminished and withdrawne with sundry of 〈◊〉 inconueniences to the notable damage of 〈◊〉 Realme for the due remedy whereof there 〈◊〉 beene made heretofore sundry good Lawes and Statutes of this Realme which doe still continueâ—â— their force The Queenes Maiestie intending 〈◊〉 haue such great enormities and mischiefes 〈◊〉 doth giue all maner of Merchants Broken all other persons vsing to bargaine by exchange and rechange to vnderstand that her meaning 〈◊〉 haue such Lawes and Statutes put in executiâ—â—â— haue beene prouided and doe remaine in force for this purpose and therefore warneth all maner of persons to haue hereafter due regard thereunto 〈◊〉 on such penalties as in the said Lawes Statures 〈◊〉 other ordinances remaning in their force is pâ—â—uided And for the lawfull satisfaction of all such as shal haue necessary cause to take or deliuer any money by exchange there shall be certaine orders in 〈◊〉 set vp in places conuenient declaring the rates thereof as the same shall or ought to be paid to the vse of her Maiestie or to her Ministers and Officers thereunto authorized Giuen at Green-wich the 20 of September 1576 in the eighteenth yeare of the prosperous Raigne of the Queenes Maiestie The Noble and renowned the Baron of Elsmere Lord Chancellour of England deceased vnto whom I owe perpetuall obligation did at fouerall times aduise at the Councell Table to publish the like Proclamation with some other good obseruations seeing therein is nothing required but equity and iustice agreable to the Lawes of Nations But the euill man sowing Thres in the night made the weedes to grow so fast that the good feed could not prosper so that inueterated diseases breaking forth at last makes vs to feele the smart thereof For some men vpon priuate respects will cast doubts beyond the Moone The nature of vnexperience Others will propound more questions in an houre then a wise man can answere in a yeare And others are alwayes consulting and neuer deliberating So that the graue and discreâ—te Councellours of State are to determine these serious businesses And to the other I may say Know you not that the sâ—ept the Doctrine of Pyrrhâ— Ariston and Heriâ—â—â—â— hath beene long agoe hist out of the Schooles or rather banisht and confined amongst the Barbarians will you cause vs to doubt of all things then shall wee doubt whether you doubt or no it is possible you can carry bread in the 〈◊〉 hand and a stone in the other neuertheles to 〈◊〉 vnto these men some satisfaction which make 〈◊〉 whether the said his Maiesties Proclamation 〈◊〉 obeyed here beyond the Seas I am to proue that the Center of Commerce will effect the same for gaine will command effectually The Center will Command Por el Dinero bay la 〈◊〉 Perro said the Spaniard
first and retaineth the same last So Commodities in Traffique are first and moneys came afterwards whereby Commutation or Barter was brought into a Trade and to preserue that money as the Bloud in the Body exchange was deuised as a spirit to quicken the same and shall it be vsed to destroy the Body because the true vse of it is not vnderstood and the same is made a Merchandise Shall we imagine that the exportation of our moneys shall be preuented when by taking inhaunced coyne beyond the Seas aboue the true value in exchange wee feede the causes of exportation Or shall we expect that moneys shall be imported vnto vs when there is a losse by the bringing of them which losse is measured according to the price of exchange which to auoide compelleth vs to buy forreine Commodities Or if any moneys are imported by accident or occasion shall the Body of Trade be the better by it so long as they are carried out againe Shall the Trade of our natiue Commodities be liuely when moneys are wanting Can the exchange haue his due course vnlesse the foundation thereof according to Parity and Equality be respected howsoeuer the price thereof may rise and fall according to the occasions of Merchants and the plenty or scarsity of moneys Shall not the price of this true exchange impose a price vpon our natiue Commodities so that Commodities moneys and exchanges may according to equitie and iustice be gouerned in their proper natures accordingly The Kingdome cannot consume the forreine Commodities imported but they cause an ouerballancing the Customes and Impositions which might be moderated in the rate and yet not decrease in value by the greater employment of Trade doth discourage Merchants which bringeth a distemperature in Trade forraine wares are oueraboundantly brought in in the liew of moneys whereby the Realme doth swell with forreine Commodities which being retransported bring still other Wares in returne so that moneys and bullion the vitall spirit of Trade is neglected which is properly the decay of Trade For the exchange which ruleth Commodities and money is ouerruled by other Nations Let vs therefore practise the contrary to finde a full remedy for Contraria contrarijs curantur The Turke The Policy of the Turke Persian and Russian the Persian and the Russians doe exceeds in Policy preuenting the exportation of their moneys by maintaining the price of exchange aboue the valuation of their moneys causing Merchants thereby to make employment vpon their Commodities of course and not by precept or compulsion whereby they accumulate treasure The King of Baâ—tan and other Princes in the East doe the like selling their corruptible Wares for siluer to hoord vp the same cannot this awake vs to imitate them when it may be done by so easie meanes through the Center of Commerce so often repeated I say no more but leaue it to the high wisdome of the King and State to direct it wherein Misseldens Ballance is as necessary as the first wheele in a Wagon To make an end therefore with his Copia Verborum P. 143. he much reioyceth that by Acadnes thred he is got out of the Labyrinth of the Little Fish and Great Whale but this little Spawne will sticke so fast in his Throate that he shall neede of Cranes to plucke it out so that I might very well retort vpon him his conceited dismission and capritious farewel borrowed of the ancient Fathers But it is sufficient for me to shew that as it is the fable of the Fox he hath onely licked the out side of the Glasse of true iudgement of this matter of State but could neuer come to the Pottage or Center according to the olde obseruation Lucians Dialog shewing how Iupiter was fed with bones and fat Promethius reseruing vnto himselfe the solid flesh whereby is meant sound knowledge by the fat the fleeting shew of superficiary termes of Art and by the bones are deciphered the inextricable and perplexed labour in the curiosities of euerstriuing contradictions wherein he doth a-abound Sed magna est veritas praeualet He did thinke once to haue made an Index 〈◊〉 of my writings but finding that his durty broome had employment to clense the Stables at Hackâ—â—y and now to finde out the Interlopers beyond the Seas he left it I still do striue to be temperate but publike slaunders cannot be washed off but by publike defences sure I am that my Bookes are acceptable vnto wisemen and Lex Mercitoria is translated into Spanish and French and much respected beyond the Seas In the Conclusion of which Booke to the Indicious Reader I gaue notice long since that Enuy would command Triple headed Cerberus to let loose the Satyres Zoylus Momus and Mastix for this latter was already come on a Hackney Horse with a Blattant tongue to carpe at the actions of any man 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 To hurt although it were as commendable as Homers learning or Hercules Acts whereof Virgil the Prince of Helicon was not free neither the worthy one of former ages whose vertues darkened like the Moone with some blot are registred with the point of Diamond in the Glasse of true History Thus hauing made his Circle vsefull in some respect by placing of a Center in it P. 2. it will be more close and durable for himselfe saith in the Proeme that it is slightly set vp and pinned together to try how the parts and ioynts thereof would trent and fit the square for by his Apostrophe ad Regem whose most iudiciall eyes can easely discerne wilfulnes and ignorance P. 14. 5 that of Horace is verified Pindarum quis quid studet aemulari Iuli ceratis ope Dedalea Nititur Pennis vitreo daturus Nomina Ponto Iulus who striues Pinder to emulate With waxen wings which Dedals Art did make He flies in vaine to giue by haplesse fate Names to the Icarian glassie blewish lake For Misselden hauing in his former Treatise either ignorantly or willingly omitted to handle The Pradominant Part of Trade namely the Mistery of Exchange which is the Publike Measure between vs and other nations as we haue poued now in this his Circle of Commerce he hath vndertaken with the Artificiall wings of his supporters set on with wax to fly so high in the discourse thereof that this hot climate of the Antartike Circle or South Pole hath dissolued the wax and the splendant Beames of the Sunne of truth hath dispelled all foggy misteries of deceitfull fallacies as aforesaid so that he is drowned with his Ballance in the Sea of Exchanges according to Ouids Allusion Ipse Misseldemus nomina facit aquis THE CONCLVSION VNto you therfore Noble Lords and Right Honorable Priuy Councellers of State with the rest of the Right Worshipfull his Maiesties Commissioners for Trade whom I haue at all times attended as becommeth me vnto your graue wisdomes and discretions I say belongeth properly the serious consideration of this Center of Commerce This is the firme North Starre of Trade by which your Compasse is to be directed according to the Lawes Statutes and Ordinances of this Realme of England This is the Rudder of the Ship of Traffique to guide steire Commerce to her right ports or Hauens of profit This is that true Par of Exchange approued by the Lawes of nations that hath no imposture froth nor fallacy to amuse or abuse vs with as the casting of a deceitfull Ballance hath wherein no certainty can be found Let not your Heroicall Vertues for the Publike good be blemisht with priuate Centers of Commerce but be you a meanes that Phebus himselfe will be pleased to driue the Chariot of Trade this Center whereby the Horses of all societies and corporations my draw a like in the course of Trade by his wise guiding and direction Masterr Milles Acroamata let the procuring of Bullion be your first study to set his Mint on worke which is recommended vnto you by the efficacy of other mens words For Money of it selfe be it more or lesse in whose hands so euer without Bullion to supply is but water in a Cesterne taken from the Spring that by vse becomes exhausted or being but let alone consumes it selfe to nothing by strikes and putrifaction So Coyne becomes but Medals out of vse of out of fashion For Bullion being the Fountaine Money is but the Water and Exchange the Riuer that serues all priuate turnes Bullion being the Sun Money is but the Beames Exchange the Light that makes the world to see Bullion being the Pilot Money is but the Sterne Exchange the Compasse that guides all courses right Bullion being the Chylus Money is but the Bloud Exchange the Spirit that quickens all the Body To be short Bullion is the very Body and Bloud of Kings Money is but the Medium betweene Subiects and their Kings Exchange the heauenly Mistery that ioynes them both together Next therefore let the exportation of moneys the profusion of Bloud be preuented by the meanes of this Center wherein the vitall spirit of Trade doth consist and procure plenty of Money and Bullion by all Reall Substantiall and Politike meanes For plenty of Money will improue your Lands aduance the price of your natiue Commodities increase your Manufactures establish the Fishing maintaine forreine Trades augment the Kings reuinewes make forreine Wares better cheape preuent the ouerballancing and inrich the Kingdome with an aduancement of all the dependances of Trade contained in the Articles of your Commission God grant a blessing in all to his Glory the Kings Honor and the Kingdomes welfare Obsta Principijs sedo Medicina Paratur FINIS ERRATA Pag. 5. lin 11. read Reprehension for apprehension p. 17. l. 27. r. Depredations for depudations p. 18. l. 29. r. Wee for me p. 25. l. 2. r. Peeces for prices p. 37. l. 8. r. Peeces for prices p. 38. l. 2. r. 20 â— for 2 â— p. 42. l. 20. r. Construction for contution p. 44. l. 17. r. Good for Gods p. 58. l. 14. r. Caution for cannon p. 58. l. 22. r. Confusion for conclusion p. 64. l. 18. r. Hoopes for hops p. 64. l. 31. r. Indeering for induring p. 68. l. 8. r. Mobile for Mobill p. 77. l. 22. r. Cornuted for corneited p. 78. l. 7. r. Flatter for scatter p. 78. l. 30. r. Procupine for procerpine p. 80. l. 20. r. For for from p. 81. l. 12. r. Inabled for inable p. 101. l. 〈◊〉 â— Contratenor for contratos