touch_v the_o repeal_n of_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la by_o king_n edw._n 2_o and_o the_o remit_v all_o of_o divers_a imposition_n by_o king_n edw._n 3_o upon_o sundry_a petition_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n and_o the_o punishment_n of_o divers_a person_n in_o parliament_n for_o procure_v imposition_n to_o be_v set_v up_o 106_o chap._n xxvii_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o three_o objection_n 110_o chap._n xxviii_o the_o four_o objection_n that_o the_o prerogative_n be_v bind_v or_o take_v away_o by_o divers_a act_n of_o parliament_n 129_o chap._n xxix_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o four_o objection_n 131_o chap._n xxx_o the_o five_o objection_n that_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n be_v never_o take_v but_o when_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v by_o parliament_n 140_o chap._n xxxi_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o five_o objection_n 141_o chap._n xxxii_o the_o conclusion_n 146_o chap._n xxxiii_o a_o comparison_n of_o the_o imposition_n set_v and_o take_v in_o england_n by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n with_o the_o exception_n and_o gabelle_n in_o foreign_a state_n and_o kingdom_n whereby_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n do_v not_o bear_v so_o heavy_a a_o burden_n by_o many_o degree_n as_o the_o subject_n of_o other_o nation_n do_v bear_v in_o this_o kind_n 147_o a_o argument_n up_o on_o the_o question_n of_o imposition_n digest_v and_o divide_v into_o sundry_a chapter_n by_o one_o of_o his_o majesty_n learned_a counsel_n in_o ireland_n chap._n i._n the_o exposition_n and_o meaning_n of_o certain_a word_n which_o do_v show_v the_o true_a state_n of_o the_o question_n the_o question_n itself_o be_v no_o more_o than_o this_o whether_o the_o imposition_n which_o the_o king_n â—f_fw-mi england_n have_v lay_v and_o levy_v upon_o merchandise_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n only_o without_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v lawful_a or_o warrant_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n by_o the_o word_n imposition_n we_o mean_v only_o such_o rate_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o the_o king_n by_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n or_o ireland_n have_v set_v upon_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v and_o command_v the_o same_o to_o be_v pay_v and_o levy_v to_o his_o majesty_n use_n over_o and_o above_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n former_o due_a and_o payable_a for_o the_o same_o merchandize_n by_o the_o word_n merchandize_n we_o mean_v only_o such_o good_n or_o merchandize_n as_o be_v transport_v over_o the_o sea_n from_o one_o realm_n or_o dominion_n unto_o another_o to_o be_v sell_v or_o exchange_v for_o reasonable_a gain_n or_o profit_n for_o upon_o the_o ingate_n or_o outgate_n of_o commodity_n so_o cross_v the_o sea_n only_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n for_o merchandize_n be_v pay_v and_o take_v and_o not_o for_o any_o commodity_n carry_v too_o and_o fro_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n within_o one_o and_o the_o same_o realm_n and_o dominion_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n we_o understand_v not_o only_o our_o customary_a common_a law_n and_o our_o statute_n of_o england_n which_o be_v native_a and_o peculiar_a to_o our_o nation_n only_o but_o such_o other_o law_n also_o as_o be_v common_a to_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o we_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o use_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n by_o the_o king_n and_o people_n of_o england_n in_o divers_a case_n and_o by_o such_o ancient_a usage_n be_v become_v the_o law_n of_o england_n in_o such_o case_n namely_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o law-merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n the_o imperial_a or_o civil_a law_n the_o common_a or_o ecclesiastical_a law_n every_o of_o which_o law_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o same_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o use_v in_o england_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n may_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o england_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la and_o the_o force_n thereof_o in_o all_o kingdom_n that_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v a_o principal_a subject_n of_o that_o law_n and_o that_o it_o give_v power_n unto_o all_o king_n to_o take_v custom_n and_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v many_o prerogative_n annex_v to_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n of_o which_o our_o common_a law_n take_v notice_n and_o do_v admit_v and_o approve_v the_o same_o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la or_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v of_o equal_a force_n in_o all_o kingdom_n for_o all_o kingdom_n have_v their_o beginning_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n therefore_o it_o stand_v with_o good_a reason_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n shall_v be_v of_o force_n and_o of_o like_a force_n in_o all_o kingdom_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n in_o the_o realm_n subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n also_o be_v in_o force_n in_o such_o case_n especial_o wherein_o the_o king_n himself_o or_o his_o subject_n have_v correspondence_n or_o commerce_n with_o other_o nation_n who_o be_v not_o bind_v in_o those_o case_n by_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o england_n omnes_fw-la populi_fw-la say_v justinian_n justinian_n qui_fw-la legibus_fw-la et_fw-la moribus_fw-la reguntur_fw-la partim_fw-la suo_fw-la proprio_fw-la partim_fw-la communi_fw-la omnium_fw-la hominum_fw-la jure_fw-la utuntur_fw-la nam_fw-la quod_fw-la cuique_fw-la populus_fw-la ipse_fw-la sibi_fw-la ius_fw-la constituit_fw-la id_fw-la ipsius_fw-la proprium_fw-la civitatis_fw-la est_fw-la vocaturque_fw-la jus_fw-la civil_a quod_fw-la vero_fw-la naturalis_fw-la ratio_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la constituit_fw-la id_fw-la apud_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la plerumque_fw-la custoditur_fw-la vocaturque_fw-la jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la quasi_fw-la quo_fw-la jure_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la utuntur_fw-la and_o in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o be_v say_v ius_fw-la gentium_fw-la omni_fw-la hominum_fw-la generi_fw-la common_fw-la est_fw-la and_o exhoc_fw-la iure_fw-la gentium_fw-la omnes_fw-la pene_fw-la contractus_fw-la introducti_fw-la sunt_fw-la ut_fw-la emptio_fw-la venditio_fw-la locatio_fw-la conductio_fw-la societas_fw-la depositum_fw-la mutuum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o with_o this_o agree_v our_o doctor_n and_o student_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 2._o 1.lib.cap.2_a where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o trade_n and_o traffic_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n so_o that_o commerce_n trade_n and_o traffic_n for_o merchandise_n between_o the_o people_n of_o several_a nation_n and_o kingdom_n be_v a_o principal_a subject_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o therefore_o to_o that_o question_n that_o have_v be_v make_v in_o england_n whether_o the_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n do_v first_o grow_v due_a by_o our_o customary_a common_a law_n or_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n why_o may_v i_o not_o answer_v that_o neither_o the_o customary_a law_n nor_o the_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n but_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n do_v first_o give_v these_o duty_n unto_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n for_o as_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v before_o king_n for_o king_n be_v make_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n ex_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la reges_fw-la originem_fw-la traxerunt_fw-la say_v baldus_n baldus_n so_o king_n be_v no_o soon_o make_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o present_o the_o same_o law_n cum_fw-la creatus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la rex_fw-la ei_fw-la omnia_fw-la regalia_fw-la conceduntur_fw-la and_o competit_fw-la omnibus_fw-la regibus_fw-la jus_fw-la imponendi_fw-la quantum_fw-la habet_fw-la begalia_fw-la say_v baldus_n baldus_n vectigalia_fw-la introduct_fw-la a_fw-la sunt_fw-la à _fw-la jure_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n ideo_fw-la non_fw-la otiosase_fw-la favoralia_fw-la say_v another_o doctor_n do_v annex_v this_o prerogative_n to_o their_o several_a crown_n vectigalorigine_fw-la ipsa_fw-la jus_fw-la caesarum_fw-la et_fw-la regum_fw-la partimoniale_fw-la est_fw-la say_v another_o inhaeret_fw-la sceptro_fw-la say_v another_o and_o therefore_o when_o our_o ancient_a british_a king_n take_v up_o custom_n for_o merchandize_n transport_v into_o france_n as_o strabo_n strabo_n write_v britanni_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la tollebant_fw-la gravia_fw-la earum_fw-la rerum_fw-la quas_fw-la brevi_fw-la trajectu_fw-la in_o galliam_n importabant_fw-la shall_v we_o presume_v they_o do_v it_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n no_o for_o doubtless_o they_o do_v it_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o prerogative_n give_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o king_n upon_o their_o first_o institution_n do_v great_a thing_n than_o this_o by_o their_o prerogative_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n vetusissima_fw-la coronae_fw-la jura_fw-la ex_fw-la singulari_fw-la regum_fw-la decreto_fw-la primitus_fw-la orta_fw-la say_v a_o learned_a doctor_n and_o at_o first_o say_v justinian_n justinian_n arbitria_fw-la regum_fw-la prolegibus_fw-la fuere_fw-la and_o so_o say_v halicarnassus_n lib._n 3._o lib.3_o cicero_n offic._n lib._n 2._o and_o true_o as_o custom_n and_o imposition_n take_v upon_o importation_n of_o merchandize_n be_v most_o proper_o call_v vectigalia_fw-la à _fw-la mercibm_fw-la evectis_fw-la
over_o and_o above_o the_o duty_n payable_a by_o denizen_n for_o the_o same_o commodity_n which_o grant_v be_v make_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o every_o nation_n not_o be_v incorporate_v and_o make_v a_o body_n politic_a be_v in_o respect_n of_o they_o of_o no_o force_n of_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n until_o the_o king_n charter_n make_v it_o good_a and_o maintain_v it_o until_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o parliament_n 27_o edw._n 3._o 3_o which_o be_v fifty_o year_n after_o the_o date_n of_o the_o charter_n upon_o the_o matter_n these_o duty_n payable_a by_o merchant_n stranger_n be_v only_o imposition_n raise_v and_o establish_v by_o the_o king_n charter_n which_o charter_n be_v make_v in_o england_n be_v after_o ward_n establish_v exemplise_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o transmit_v into_o ireland_n with_o a_o special_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o custom_n there_o to_o levy_v three_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n and_o other_o duty_n mention_v in_o that_o charter_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o red_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n there_o by_o virtue_n of_o which_o write_v only_o without_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o three_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n and_o other_o duty_n be_v levy_v and_o pay_v to_o the_o crown_n in_o ireland_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o wine_n call_v prizage_n and_o butlerage_n the_o most_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o wine_n be_v prizage_n butlerage_n which_o be_v not_o any_o sum_n of_o money_n but_o two_o ton_n of_o wine_n in_fw-la specie_fw-la out_o of_o every_o ship_n freight_v with_o twenty_o tun_n the_o one_o to_o be_v take_v before_o the_o mast_n and_o the_o other_o behind_o the_o mast_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o the_o price_n which_o the_o king_n himself_o do_v limit_v to_o pay_v be_v twenty_o shilling_n only_o for_o every_o tun_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o ancient_a record_n of_o 52_o hen._n 3._o 3_o whereby_o we_o may_v conjecture_v what_o easy_a rate_v the_o king_n give_v for_o the_o prize_n of_o other_o merchandize_n this_o custom_n of_o prizage_n be_v mere_o a_o imposition_n for_o it_o can_v not_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o foreign_a nation_n be_v nobody_o politic_a as_o be_v before_o declare_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n whereby_o our_o own_o merchant_n do_v ever_o grant_v it_o unto_o the_o crown_n this_o duty_n of_o prizage_n be_v remit_v unto_o the_o stranger_n by_o the_o charter_n of_o 31_o edw._n 1._o 1_o before_o mention_v and_o in_o lieu_n thereof_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o charter_n the_o king_n before_o mention_v receive_v two_o shilling_n for_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n bring_v in_o by_o stranger_n which_o we_o now_o call_v butlerage_n but_o prizage_n be_v pay_v in_fw-la specie_fw-la by_o all_o our_o own_o merchant_n at_o this_o day_n the_o citizen_n of_o london_n only_o except_v who_o have_v remission_n of_o prizage_n by_o a_o special_a charge_n be_v charge_v with_o a_o new_a imposition_n call_v gage_n viz._n de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la dolio_fw-la 1_o d._n de_fw-fr vinis_fw-la venientibus_fw-la london_n which_o be_v account_v foreign_a magno_fw-la rot._n an._n 1_o edw._n 1._o in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o pipe_n at_o westminster_n the_o last_o of_o these_o imposition_n which_o by_o the_o continuance_n have_v get_v the_o name_n of_o custom_n be_v lay_v and_o impose_v three_o hundred_o year_n since_o and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v approve_v and_o be_v now_o maintain_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n as_o the_o lawful_a and_o ancient_a inheritance_n of_o the_o crown_n chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o ancient_a officer_n which_o our_o king_n have_v create_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o prerogative_n to_o search_v and_o oversee_v all_o sort_n of_o merchandize_n and_o to_o collect_v the_o duty_n payable_a for_o the_o same_o as_o our_o ancient_a king_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o prerogative_n without_o parliament_n have_v lay_v the_o custom_n or_o imposition_n before_o express_v upon_o all_o sort_n of_o merchandize_n export_v and_o import_v so_o by_o the_o same_o prerogative_n have_v they_o ordain_v several_a sort_n of_o officer_n to_o search_v and_o oversee_v those_o merchandize_n on_o which_o they_o have_v lay_v those_o imposition_n namely_o the_o gauger_n gauger_n of_o wine_n a_o high_a officer_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o imposition_n of_o the_o gage_n itself_o before_o mention_v the_o alneger_n alneger_n of_o the_o clothes_n which_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n that_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o clothes_n for_o there_o be_v a_o record_n of_o 14_o edw._n 2._o 2_o in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la which_o speak_v of_o the_o alneger_n the_o packer_n of_o wool_n the_o garbellor_n of_o spice_n beside_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o custom_n viz._n the_o customer_n controller_n and_o searcher_n searcher_n all_o which_o officer_n have_v ever_o take_v fee_n of_o merthant_n both_o denizen_n and_o alien_n not_o by_o grant_n of_o the_o merchant_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o several_a patent_n grant_v from_o the_o king_n chap._n xiv_o of_o other_o imposition_n beside_o the_o ancient_a custom_n before_o mention_v lay_v upon_o merchandize_n by_o several_a king_n and_o queen_n since_o the_o conquest_n some_o of_o which_o imposition_n have_v be_v discontinue_v or_o remit_v and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v continue_v and_o pay_v at_o this_o day_n and_o first_o of_o the_o imposition_n set_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o over_o and_o beside_o the_o custom_n speak_v of_o before_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o exchequer_n of_o england_n that_o in_o 16_o edw._n 1._o a_o imposition_n of_o four_o shilling_n be_v lay_v upon_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n bring_v into_o england_n from_o certain_a town_n in_o gascogine_n and_o spain_n and_o at_o this_o day_n answer_v and_o count_v for_o duty_n for_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n until_o the_o 26_o edw._n 1._o when_o it_o be_v remit_v but_o during_o the_o king_n pleasure_n only_o it_o appear_v likewise_o 25_o edw._n 1._o 1_o by_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o confirmation_n then_o make_v of_o the_o great_a charter_n that_o king_n edw._n 1._o have_v for_o divers_a year_n before_o set_v and_o lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n export_v which_o ad_fw-la instantiam_fw-la communitatis_fw-la he_o be_v please_v to_o remit_v which_o remittal_n be_v of_o mere_a grace_n upon_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o commons_o after_o that_o imposition_n have_v be_v lay_v many_o year_n before_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o this_o imposition_n of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n be_v take_v and_o levy_v above_o twenty_o year_n together_o after_o the_o new_a imposition_n of_o the_o demi_a mark_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n which_o be_v set_v and_o establish_v for_o that_o begin_v in_o 3_o edw._n 1._o and_o this_o imposition_n of_o forty_o shilling_n continue_v till_o 25_o edw._n 1._o which_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n that_o the_o first_o establishment_n of_o the_o demi_a mark_n be_v not_o by_o a_o bind_a act_n of_o parliament_n with_o a_o negative_a voice_n that_o no_o other_o duty_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o those_o merchandize_n as_o be_v surmise_a but_o be_v only_o a_o mitigation_n or_o reducement_n of_o a_o great_a custom_n pay_v before_o which_o be_v do_v of_o mere_a grace_n upon_o some_o reason_n of_o state_n at_o that_o time_n chap._n xv_o of_o the_o imposition_n set_v and_o take_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o in_o the_o beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v as_o well_o take_v the_o ancient_a as_o the_o new_a custom_n upon_o wool_n wool-fell_n and_o leather_n which_o ancient_a custom_n must_v needs_o be_v intend_v a_o ancient_a imposition_n over_o and_o beside_o the_o demi_a mark_n which_o be_v then_o call_v the_o new_a custom_n and_o this_o appear_v by_o a_o record_n in_o the_o tower_n 3_o ed._n 2._o 2_o claus._n memb._n 16._o where_o the_o king_n direct_v his_o writ_n collectoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la tam_fw-la antiquae_fw-la quam_fw-la novae_fw-la customae_fw-la lanarum_fw-la pellium_fw-la et_fw-la corriorum_fw-la and_o require_v they_o to_o pay_v certain_a debt_n of_o his_o father_n king_n edward_n 1._o out_o of_o their_o old_a and_o new_a custom_n and_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n pro_fw-la damnis_fw-la occasione_fw-la retardationis_fw-la solutionis_fw-la debitis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o howbeit_o afterwards_o he_o be_v a_o weak_a prince_n and_o misguide_a by_o ill_a counsel_n and_o overruled_a by_o his_o unruly_a baron_n be_v drive_v first_o to_o suspend_v the_o payment_n of_o his_o custom_n of_o three_o penny_n the_o pound_n and_o other_o duty_n contain_v in_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la during_o pleasure_n only_o as_o appear_v by_o his_o writ_n of_o supersedeas_fw-la direct_v to_o the_o collector_n of_o his_o
they_o have_v the_o same_o right_n the_o same_o prerogative_n and_o absolute_a power_n that_o their_o predecessor_n have_v but_o because_o they_o find_v other_o mean_n to_o make_v other_o profit_n upon_o transport_v of_o merchandize_n and_o that_o in_o another_o manner_n and_o in_o so_o high_a measure_n as_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n in_o those_o day_n can_v hardly_o bear_v any_o great_a charge_n without_o danger_n of_o overthrow_v all_o trade_n and_o commerce_n and_o therefore_o those_o prince_n do_v in_o their_o wisdom_n forbear_v to_o lay_v any_o further_a imposition_n by_o their_o prerogative_n for_o these_o king_n who_o reign_v after_o king_n edw._n 3._o who_o conquer_v calais_n in_o france_n and_o before_o queen_n mary_n lose_v calais_n have_v two_o principal_a way_n and_o mean_n to_o raise_v extraordinary_a profit_n upon_o merchandize_n but_o proceed_v from_o one_o cause_n namely_o from_o establish_v the_o staple_n at_o calais_n for_o king_n edw._n 3._o some_o few_o year_n before_o his_o death_n do_v by_o his_o prerogative_n in_o point_n of_o government_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n erect_v a_o staple_n at_o his_o town_n of_o calais_n calais_n and_o do_v ordain_v and_o command_v that_o all_o the_o merchandize_n export_v out_o of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n by_o any_o merchant_n denison_n or_o alien_n shall_v present_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o staple_n at_o calais_n and_o to_o no_o other_o place_n beyond_o the_o sea_n this_o staple_n at_o calais_n be_v first_o settle_v and_o fix_v there_o by_o a_o ordinance_n which_o the_o king_n make_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n and_o absolute_a power_n in_o the_o government_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o if_o this_o ordinance_n so_o make_v have_v be_v think_v unlawful_a and_o against_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a it_o will_v never_o have_v be_v approve_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o so_o many_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o rich_a 2._o hen._n 4._o hen._n 5._o and_o edw_n 4._o neither_o can_v there_o have_v be_v such_o heavy_a penalty_n lay_v by_o those_o parliament_n upon_o the_o transgressor_n of_o those_o ordinance_n insomuch_o as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o it_o be_v make_v felony_n to_o transport_v any_o merchandize_n to_o any_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o calais_n only_o now_o the_o staple_n of_o calais_n be_v thus_o establish_v there_o do_v arise_v a_o double_a profit_n to_o the_o crown_n for_o transport_n of_o merchandize_n over_o and_o above_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o other_o subsidy_n grant_v by_o parliament_n first_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n for_o merchandize_n transport_v out_o of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n which_o before_o be_v single_a and_o pay_v but_o once_o that_o be_v upon_o the_o outgate_n after_o the_o establish_n of_o the_o staple_n at_o calais_n the_o duty_n for_o the_o same_o merchandize_n become_v double_a at_o the_o least_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n treble_a and_o be_v ever_o pay_v twice_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n thrice_o namely_o once_o upon_o the_o outgate_n in_o the_o port_n of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n second_o upon_o the_o ingate_n at_o calais_n and_o because_o all_o the_o commodity_n bring_v into_o calais_n can_v not_o be_v vent_v into_o the_o main_a land_n there_o but_o the_o great_a part_n be_v to_o be_v export_v again_o by_o sea_n into_o high_a or_o low_a germany_n and_o other_o the_o north_n east_n country_n and_o some_o into_o spain_n and_o italy_n and_o the_o land_n of_o the_o levant_n there_o do_v arise_v a_o three_o payment_n of_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n for_o so_o much_o of_o their_o commodity_n as_o be_v export_v again_o cut_v of_o calais_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n do_v amount_v to_o threescore_o thousand_o or_o threescore_o and_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o king_n edw._n 3._o 3_o and_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o rich._n 2._o hen._n 4._o hen._n 5._o 5_o and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n 6._o as_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n of_o the_o exchequer_n of_o england_n which_o according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n at_o this_o day_n the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v now_o raise_v from_o two_o shilling_n to_o five_o shilling_n do_v make_v two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la which_o do_v equal_a or_o surmount_v all_o the_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n receive_v at_o this_o day_n though_o that_o plenty_n of_o money_n and_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o consequent_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v exceed_o increase_v in_o these_o time_n and_o albeit_o the_o breach_n of_o amity_n between_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o low_a germany_n in_o the_o weak_a and_o unfortunate_a time_n of_o king_n hen._n 6._o do_v cause_v a_o stop_n of_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o that_o country_n into_o which_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o staple_n ware_n especial_o wool_n and_o cloth_n be_v vent_v and_o utter_v and_o be_v likewise_o the_o cause_n of_o loss_n of_o all_o our_o territory_n in_o france_n except_o calais_n and_o all_o the_o merchandize_n thereof_o whereby_o the_o custom_n and_o other_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o unhappy_a prince_n withdraw_v and_o diminish_v to_o a_o low_a proportion_n yet_o afterwards_o upon_o the_o marriage_n of_o margaret_n sister_n to_o king_n e._n 4._o unto_o the_o lord_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n as_o that_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o english_a wool_n which_o bring_v so_o much_o gold_n into_o his_o country_n he_o institute_v the_o order_n of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n and_o thereupon_o the_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n be_v raise_v again_o to_o so_o high_a a_o revenue_n as_o our_o king_n can_v not_o well_o in_o policy_n strain_v that_o strength_n of_o profit_n upon_o merchandize_n any_o high_a second_o albeit_o the_o staple_n establish_v at_o calais_n be_v first_o establish_v by_o a_o order_n make_v by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n and_o absolute_a power_n be_v afterwards_o approve_v and_o confirm_v by_o sundry_a act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o do_v the_o king_n by_o another_o prerogative_n retain_v a_o power_n to_o dispense_v with_o that_o ordinance_n and_o those_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o to_o give_v licence_n to_o such_o and_o so_o many_o merchant_n as_o himself_o think_v fit_a to_o export_v any_o merchandize_n out_o of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n unto_o any_o other_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n beside_o à _fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la of_o the_o first_o ordinance_n and_o of_o the_o statute_n which_o do_v establish_v the_o staple_n at_o calais_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o prerogative_n and_o power_n the_o several_a king_n who_o have_v calais_n in_o their_o possession_n do_v grant_v so_o many_o licence_n to_o merchant_n as_o well_o alien_n as_o denizen_n to_o transport_v our_o staple_n commodity_n immediate_o into_o other_o place_n without_o come_v to_o calais_n for_o which_o license_n whereof_o there_o be_v a_o incredible_a number_n find_v in_o the_o record_n of_o england_n the_o merchant_n pay_v so_o dear_a for_o their_o commodity_n especial_o the_o genoese_n and_o the_o venetian_n and_o other_o merchant_n of_o the_o levant_n as_o by_o the_o profit_n make_v of_o those_o licence_n do_v amount_v to_o double_v the_o value_n of_o those_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n payable_a for_o exportation_n thereof_o and_o thereof_o those_o prince_n as_o they_o have_v the_o less_o need_n so_o have_v they_o no_o reason_n at_o all_o to_o charge_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n with_o any_o other_o or_o great_a imposition_n in_o these_o two_o point_n before_o express_v do_v consist_v the_o principal_a cause_n why_o the_o prince_n of_o england_n who_o succeed_v king_n edw._n 3._o who_o win_v calais_n until_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n who_o lose_v calais_n do_v not_o direct_o use_v their_o prerogative_n in_o set_v any_o other_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n above_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o subsidy_n grant_v by_o parliament_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o most_o part_n of_o those_o prince_n who_o reign_v after_o k._n edw._n 3._o and_o before_o queen_n mary_n have_v the_o subsidy_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n grant_v unto_o they_o by_o parliament_n which_o be_v add_v to_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o staple_n of_o calais_n do_v augment_v not_o a_o little_a the_o profit_n lay_v upon_o merchandize_n and_o may_v be_v a_o reason_n likewise_o why_o those_o king_n do_v forbear_v to_o lay_v any_o other_o imposition_n by_o their_o prerogative_n we_o may_v add_v hereunto_o other_o reason_n first_o rich._n 2._o be_v a_o minor_a and_o overruled_a by_o the_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o
blood_n who_o will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o use_v his_o prerogative_n second_o that_o during_o the_o war_n of_o lancaster_n and_o york_n there_o be_v no_o fit_a time_n to_o make_v use_n of_o that_o prerogative_n while_o both_o party_n do_v strive_v to_o win_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n three_o that_o king_n hen._n 7._o have_v much_o ado_n to_o settle_v himself_o in_o the_o quiet_a possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o those_o trouble_n four_o that_o king_n h._n 8._o have_v such_o a_o mass_n of_o treasure_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o father_n and_o do_v so_o enrich_v himself_o by_o dissolution_n of_o abbey_n as_o he_o have_v no_o need_n to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o prerogative_n five_o that_o k._n e._n 6._o be_v also_o a_o minor_a and_o that_o his_o chief_a council_n do_v more_o contend_v to_o advance_v their_o own_o house_n than_o the_o king_n profit_n chap._n xviii_o that_o queen_n mary_n do_v use_v her_o frerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n queen_n mary_n in_o who_o time_n the_o town_n of_o calais_n be_v lose_v and_o consequent_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o staple_n at_o calais_n be_v lose_v do_v by_o her_o absolute_a power_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o report_n of_o the_o lord_n dyer_n 1_o eliz._n dyer_n 165._o eliz._n raise_v a_o imposition_n upon_o clothes_n viz._n six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n upon_o every_o cloth_n over_o and_o above_o all_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o merchant_n petition_v to_o be_v disburden_v of_o this_o imposition_n which_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o other_o whereupon_o they_o have_v many_o assembly_n and_o conference_n as_o that_o book_n report_v and_o albeit_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o that_o behalf_n be_v not_o find_v in_o that_o book_n it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o they_o adjudge_v the_o imposition_n to_o be_v just_a and_o lawful_a because_o it_o be_v continue_v and_o answer_v during_o all_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n this_o queen_n mary_n likewise_o by_o she_o preroone_o lay_v and_o imposition_n of_o four_o mark_n upon_o every_o tun_n of_o french_a wine_n over_o and_o above_o the_o prizage_n and_o buttlerage_n which_o during_o her_o life_n time_n be_v pay_v without_o contradiction_n chap._n xix_o that_o queen_n elizabeth_n alsouse_v her_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n queen_n elizabeth_n also_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o prerogative_n do_v not_o only_o continue_v the_o imposition_n lay_v by_o queen_n mary_n upon_o clothes_n and_o french_a wine_n but_o do_v raise_v other_o imposition_n of_o sundry_a sort_n of_o merchandize_n by_o the_o same_o absolute_a power_n namely_o upon_o every_o tun_n of_o sweet_a wine_n upon_o every_o tun_n of_o rhenish_a wine_n upon_o every_o kental_a of_o allom_n which_o during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o prudent_a princess_n be_v pay_v and_o receive_v without_o question_n beside_o the_o same_o queen_n upon_o complaint_n make_v unto_o she_o in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n that_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n do_v impose_v one_o ducat_n upon_o every_o hundred_o of_o currant_n export_v out_o of_o their_o dominion_n by_o the_o merchant_n of_o england_n do_v by_o her_o letter_n patent_n grant_v unto_o the_o english_a merchant_n who_o trade_v into_o the_o levant_n that_o they_o only_o and_o their_o assign_v may_v bring_v currant_n into_o england_n eliz._n the_o english_a merchant_n have_v this_o privilege_n do_v take_v five_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n upon_o every_o hundred_o weight_n of_o currant_n bring_v into_o england_n by_o stranger_n which_o be_v due_o pay_v although_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o merchant_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o privilege_n only_o of_o sortiori_fw-la yet_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v pay_v if_o it_o have_v be_v payable_a to_o the_o queen_n herself_o as_o the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n fleming_n do_v observe_v in_o his_o argument_n of_o bates_n case_n of_o currant_n in_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n in_o england_n chap._n xx_o that_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n have_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n lay_v several_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n his_o majesty_n likewise_o when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v king_n of_o england_n find_v his_o crown_n to_o be_v seize_v of_o this_o prerogative_n and_o find_v withal_o the_o necessary_a charge_n of_o the_o crown_n exceed_o to_o increase_n do_v for_o the_o supportation_n thereof_o not_o only_o continue_v the_o imposition_n lay_v by_o queen_n mary_n and_o queen_n elizabeth_n but_o also_o lay_v new_a imposition_n upon_o sundry_a sort_n of_o merchandize_n over_o and_o above_o all_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n former_o due_a and_o payable_a for_o the_o same_o and_o these_o be_v the_o imposition_n now_o the_o principal_a of_o these_o be_v twelve_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n or_o a_o second_o poundage_n set_v upon_o merchandize_n as_o well_o export_v as_o import_v by_o letter_n patent_n 28._o july_n iac._n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n reign_n but_o how_o be_v it_o set_v and_o impose_v sure_o with_o such_o moderation_n and_o limitation_n and_o such_o receptation_n full_a of_o grace_n and_o favour_n as_o no_o monarch_n or_o state_n in_o the_o world_n do_v ever_o impart_v to_o their_o subject_n the_o like_a in_o the_o like_a case_n for_o beside_o other_o gracious_a clause_n contain_v in_o the_o same_o letter_n patent_n all_o commodity_n serve_v either_o for_o food_n or_o sustenance_n of_o the_o king_n people_n or_o set_v the_o poor_a on_o work_n or_o for_o munition_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o for_o maintenance_n of_o navigation_n or_o which_o especial_o tend_v to_o the_o enrich_n of_o a_o kingdom_n be_v except_v and_o discharge_v by_o this_o imposition_n as_o for_o the_o special_a imposition_n which_o his_o majesty_n have_v set_v upon_o certain_a foreign_a commodity_n as_o currant_n logwood_n tobacco_n etc._n etc._n as_o touch_v the_o first_o of_o these_o the_o imposition_n have_v be_v adjudge_v lawful_a in_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n of_o england_n and_o for_o the_o other_o commodity_n they_o be_v of_o such_o nature_n as_o no_o man_n ever_o make_v question_n but_o that_o the_o imposition_n set_v upon_o they_o be_v lawful_a beside_o these_o imposition_n lay_v in_o england_n his_o majesty_n by_o his_o prerogative_n only_o since_o the_o beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n receive_v the_o impost_n of_o wine_n in_o ireland_n and_o have_v likewise_o to_o make_v equality_n of_o trade_n in_o that_o realm_n lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o twelve_o penny_n on_o the_o pound_n of_o all_o other_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v out_o of_o the_o port_n of_o dublin_n waterford_n drogheda_n and_o galway_n the_o citizen_n of_o which_o city_n and_o town_n be_v exempt_v and_o discharge_v of_o poundage_n grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n there_o which_o imposition_n be_v never_o impugn_v in_o ireland_n but_o have_v since_o the_o set_v thereof_o be_v levy_v and_o pay_v without_o contradiction_n and_o that_o we_o see_v how_o long_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v be_v seize_v of_o this_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o how_o the_o same_o have_v be_v put_v in_o practice_n by_o the_o most_o prudent_a prince_n since_o the_o conquest_n chap._n xxi_o the_o general_a reason_n whereupon_o this_o prerogative_n be_v ground_v although_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o difficulty_n and_o do_v savour_n withal_o of_o curiosity_n and_o presumption_n to_o search_v a_o reason_n for_o every_o prerogative_n that_o be_v incident_a to_o the_o crown_n for_o sacrilegii_fw-la est_fw-la disputare_fw-la de_fw-la principis_fw-la facto_fw-la say_v the_o imperial_a law_n and_o scrutator_fw-la majestal_n be_v opprimitur_fw-la à _fw-la gloria_fw-la say_v the_o wise_a man_n yet_o the_o reason_n whereupon_o this_o prerogative_n be_v ground_v be_v so_o many_o and_o manifest_a as_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o collect_v the_o principal_a of_o they_o rather_o for_o the_o confirmation_n than_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o such_o as_o have_v move_v this_o question_n touch_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o imposition_n lay_v by_o his_o majesty_n upon_o merchandize_n first_o the_o king_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o all_o justice_n and_o therefore_o the_o first_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o king_n charge_n in_o do_v justice_n and_o procure_v justice_n to_o be_v do_v to_o merchant_n not_o only_o distributive_a justice_n wherein_o consist_v praemium_fw-la and_o paena_fw-la but_o commutative_a justice_n be_v also_o derive_v from_o the_o king_n now_o his_o majesty_n do_v exercise_v commutative_a justice_n chief_o in_o the_o order_n and_o government_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n wherein_o he_o be_v to_o do_v justice_n or_o to_o procure_v justice_n to_o be_v do_v to_o his_o subject_n who_o do_v make_v contract_n real_a and_o personal_a within_o the_o land_n but_o to_o his_o merchant_n that_o
loss_n which_o certain_a merchant_n of_o london_n have_v sustain_v by_o a_o arrest_n make_v of_o their_o good_n make_v by_o the_o countess_n of_o flanders_n do_v grant_v unto_o they_o all_o the_o merchandize_n whereof_o the_o fleming_n be_v possess_v in_o england_n rot._n pa._n 3_o e.1.m._n 19_o in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la london_n london_n whereupon_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n do_v seize_v so_o much_o good_n of_o the_o flemish_a merchant_n as_o amount_v to_o 730._o mark_n and_o deliver_v the_o same_o to_o thomas_n debass_v and_o other_o merchant_n who_o have_v suffer_v loss_n by_o that_o arrest_n and_o in_o the_o same_o roll_n of_o 3_o ed._n 1._o 1_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n and_o bailiff_n of_o southampton_n be_v command_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n quodomnes_fw-la mercatores_fw-la londienses_fw-la ad_fw-la partes_fw-la angliae_fw-la accedentes_fw-la per_fw-la bona_fw-la et_fw-la catalla_fw-la sua_fw-la distrin_fw-la guantur_fw-la sed_fw-la in_fw-la legem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la et_fw-la consueti_fw-la dinem_fw-la regni_fw-la ad_fw-la satisfaciendum_fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la florentinis_fw-la de_fw-la pecuniis_fw-la ipfi_fw-la mutuo_fw-la tradiderunt_fw-la willielmo_n episcopo_fw-la leodiensi_fw-la here_o we_o see_v that_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la which_o do_v apparent_o differ_v from_o the_o ordinary_a common_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v say_v to_o be_v consuetudo_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o last_o in_o a_o suit_n at_o the_o common_a law_n no_o man_n write_v can_v be_v plead_v against_o he_o as_o his_o act_n and_o deed_n unless_o the_o same_o be_v seal_v and_o deliver_v but_o in_o a_o suit_n between_o merchant_n bill_n of_o lade_n bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v but_o ticket_n without_o seal_n letter_n of_o advice_n and_o credence_n policy_n of_o assurance_n assignation_n of_o debt_n all_o which_o be_v of_o no_o force_n at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v of_o good_a credit_n and_o force_n by_o the_o law_n merchant_n thus_o we_o see_v how_o merchandize_n do_v differ_v from_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n and_o how_o the_o law_n merchant_n do_v differ_v from_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o how_o the_o common_a law_n do_v admit_v and_o allow_v thereof_o our_o parliament_n likewise_o have_v not_o only_o make_v extraordinary_a provision_n for_o the_o more_o speedy_a recovery_n of_o debt_n due_a unto_o merchant_n for_o their_o merchandize_n than_o be_v provide_v by_o our_o common_a law_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnell_n make_v the_o 11_o ed._n 1._o and_o the_o statute_n de_fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la make_v 13_o ed._n 1._o but_o also_o have_v course_n of_o proceed_n in_o case_n of_o merchant_n differ_v from_o the_o course_n of_o our_o common_a law_n for_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o ed._n 3.cap_n 2_o 2_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o proceed_n in_o cause_n of_o merchant_n shall_v be_v from_o day_n to_o day_n and_o hour_n to_o hour_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o staple_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o another_o article_n in_o the_o same_o parliament_n that_o all_o merchant_n come_v to_o the_o staple_n shall_v be_v rule_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o merchant_n touch_v all_o thing_n come_v to_o the_o staple_n and_o not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o by_o another_o article_n that_o neither_o of_o the_o bench_n nor_o any_o ordinary_a judge_n of_o the_o common_a law_n shall_v have_v any_o jurisdiction_n in_o those_o case_n and_o last_o that_o the_o law_n of_o marque_n and_o reprisal_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n merchant_n shall_v be_v use_v as_o it_o have_v be_v use_v in_o time_n past_a so_o as_o the_o parliament_n do_v but_o declare_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o do_v not_o introduce_v a_o new_a law_n in_o those_o case_n until_o i_o understand_v this_o difference_n between_o merchandize_n and_o other_o good_n and_o between_o the_o law_n merchant_n and_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n i_o confess_v i_o do_v not_o a_o little_a marvel_n england_n be_v so_o rich_a and_o entertain_v traffic_n with_o all_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n have_v so_o many_o fair_a port_n and_o so_o good_a ship_n the_o king_n of_o england_n also_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o also_o a_o principal_a part_n of_o his_o royal_a revenue_n consist_v in_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n so_o as_o many_o question_n must_v of_o necessity_n arise_v in_o all_o age_n touch_v merchant_n and_o merchandize_n what_o shall_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o our_o book_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v so_o few_o case_n concerning_o ship_n or_o merchant_n or_o concerning_o custom_n or_o imposition_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n but_o now_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v apparent_a for_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n do_v leave_v these_o case_n to_o be_v rule_v by_o another_o law_n namely_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o law_n merchant_n as_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n be_v universal_a and_o one_o and_o the_o same_o in_o all_o country_n in_o the_o world_n for_o as_o ciccro_n cicero_n say_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n non_fw-la orit_fw-la alia_fw-la lex_fw-la romae_fw-la alia_fw-la athenis_fw-la alia_fw-la nune_fw-la alia_fw-la posthac_fw-la sed_fw-la et_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la et_fw-la omni_fw-la tempore_fw-la unalex_fw-la eademque_fw-la perpetua_fw-la continebit_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o may_v we_o say_v of_o the_o law_n merchant_n there_o be_v not_o one_o law_n in_o england_n another_o in_o france_n another_o in_o spain_n another_o in_o germany_n but_o the_o same_o rule_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o like_a proceed_n of_o the_o law_n merchant_n be_v observe_v in_o every_o nation_n for_o as_o our_o chancellor_n of_o england_n affirm_v 13_o e._n 4._o 9_o 4.9_o that_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o law_n merchant_n ought_v to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v universal_a so_o say_v the_o civilian_n of_o several_a nation_n the_o italian_a doctor_n say_v in_fw-la curia_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la naturalis_fw-la aequitas_fw-la praecipue_fw-la expectanda_fw-la and_o ex_fw-la aequo_fw-la et_fw-la bono_fw-la causas_fw-la dirimendas_fw-la esse_fw-la the_o french_a man_n say_v in_fw-la curia_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la proceditur_fw-la de_fw-fr mer_fw-la a_fw-la aequitate_fw-la omissis_fw-la solemnitatibus_fw-la et_fw-la apicibus_fw-la juris_fw-la the_o spaniard_n likewise_o say_v apices_fw-la et_fw-la subtilitas_fw-la juris_fw-la non_fw-la considerantur_fw-la in_fw-la foro_fw-la mercatorio_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o cause_n concerning_o merchant_n and_o merchandize_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o peculiar_a and_o ordinary_a law_n of_o every_o country_n but_o by_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n out_o of_o which_o result_v this_o conclusion_n suppose_v it_o be_v admit_v that_o by_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o the_o land_n tax_n and_o tallage_n may_v not_o be_v lay_v upon_o our_o good_n within_o the_o land_n without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o by_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v also_o the_o law_n of_o england_n in_o case_n of_o merchandize_n the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o well_o as_o other_o king_n may_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n be_v good_n whereupon_o the_o law_n do_v set_v another_o character_n than_o good_n possess_v in_o the_o land_n as_o be_v before_o express_v chap._n iv._o of_o the_o imperial_a or_o civil_a law_n and_o of_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n thereof_o of_o what_o force_v it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n within_o the_o monarchy_n of_o europe_n and_o in_o what_o case_n it_o be_v receive_v within_o the_o king_n of_o england_n dominion_n and_o how_o it_o warrant_v all_o king_n and_o absolute_a prince_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n when_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n be_v gentium_fw-la domina_fw-la et_fw-la civitas_fw-la illa_fw-la magna_fw-la quae_fw-la regnabat_fw-la super_fw-la reges_fw-la terrae_fw-la the_o roman_a civil_a civilis_fw-la law_n be_v communicate_v unto_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o that_o empire_n become_v the_o common_a law_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabit_a world_n yet_o the_o extent_n thereof_o be_v never_o so_o large_a as_o that_o of_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n as_o it_o be_v note_v by_o cicero_n offic._n lib._n 2._o 2_o majores_fw-la nosiri_fw-la aliud_fw-la jus_fw-la geutium_fw-la aliud_fw-la civil_fw-la jus_fw-la esse_fw-la voluerunt_fw-la quod_fw-la enim_fw-la civil_fw-la non_fw-la idem_fw-la continue_v gentium_fw-la quod_fw-la autem_fw-la idem_fw-la civil_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v a_o bind_a law_n in_o all_o state_n and_o country_n as_o
or_o vessel_n of_o wine_n vent_v by_o other_o be_v also_o fine_v and_o imprison_v and_o make_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o party_n grieve_v 50_o edw._n 3._o 33._o rot._n parli_n numb._n 33._o and_o more_o than_o this_o a_o bill_n be_v prefer_v by_o the_o commons_o in_o this_o parliament_n that_o such_o as_o shall_v set_v new_a imposition_n shall_v have_v judgement_n of_o life_n and_o member_n 50_o edw._n 3_o rot._n parliament_n num_fw-la 191._o in_o arch._n turris_n turris_n these_o example_n strike_v such_o a_o terror_n at_o that_o time_n as_o from_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 3._o till_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n be_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n and_o upward_o there_o be_v no_o man_n find_v that_o will_v advise_v the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o set_v or_o levy_v any_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n by_o prerogative_n and_o therefore_o we_o find_v no_o imposition_n lay_v upon_o merchandize_n all_o that_o space_n of_o time_n queen_n mary_n indeed_o begin_v to_o set_v on_o foot_n this_o prerogative_n again_o and_o lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o three_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n upon_o every_o cloth_n transport_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o what_o do_v the_o lord_n dyer_n report_n 1_o eliz._n f.165_n fol.165_n the_o merchant_n of_o london_n say_v he_o find_v themselves_o great_o grieve_v and_o make_v exclamation_n and_o suit_n to_o queen_n elizabeth_n to_o be_v disburden_v of_o that_o imposition_n because_o it_o be_v not_o grant_v by_o parliament_n but_o assess_v by_o queen_n mary_n her_o absolute_a power_n these_o frequent_a petition_n complaint_n and_o exclamation_n these_o suspension_n and_o remital_n of_o imposition_n be_v good_a argument_n say_v they_o against_o the_o right_a of_o this_o prerogative_n chap._n xxi_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o three_o objection_n this_o objection_n consist_v of_o several_a part_n and_o shall_v receive_v a_o answer_n 3_o consist_v of_o divers_a part_n the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o answer_n king_n edw._n 1._o be_v a_o prudent_a and_o resolute_a prince_n do_v not_o only_o impose_v the_o three_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n upon_o merchant_n stranger_n by_o his_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la but_o justify_v and_o maintain_v that_o imposition_n during_o his_o life_n true_a it_o be_v that_o after_o his_o death_n king_n edw._n 2._o it_o be_v repeal_v as_o be_v before_o object_v but_o who_o act_n be_v this_o by_o who_o be_v this_o ordinance_n make_v which_o do_v repeal_v this_o charter_n not_o by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o parliament_n but_o by_o certain_a rebellious_a baron_n who_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o government_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o call_v themselves_o ordainer_n wherefore_o king_n edw._n 3._o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v revive_v that_o charter_n and_o command_v by_o his_o writ_n that_o the_o custom_n and_o duty_n therein_o contain_v shall_v be_v collect_v and_o levy_v to_o his_o use_n he_o make_v mention_n of_o these_o ordinance_n of_o 5_o edw._n 2._o 2_o and_o say_v the_o same_o be_v make_v per_fw-la quosdam_fw-la magnates_fw-la and_o not_o by_o the_o king_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n 1_o edw._n 3._o rot._n fin_n memb._n 30._o in_o arch._n turris_n which_o in_o another_o place_n before_o i_o have_v recite_v by_o which_o record_n it_o likewise_o appear_v that_o those_o ordinance_n 5_o edw._n 2._o be_v before_o that_o time_n repeal_v and_o make_v void_a and_o therefore_o that_o which_o be_v do_v in_o that_o time_n of_o that_o unfortunate_a prince_n overruled_a by_o his_o unruly_a baron_n be_v not_o to_o be_v urge_v and_o use_v as_o a_o example_n especial_o since_o they_o that_o urge_v this_o repeal_n of_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la might_n if_o they_o will_v find_v any_o thing_n which_o make_v against_o their_o contradict_a humour_n find_v in_o the_o say_a roll_n of_o ordinance_n make_v in_o 5_o edw._n 2._o divers_a arcle_n wherein_o those_o ordainer_n do_v wrong_a and_o wound_v the_o prerogative_n in_o matter_n of_o great_a importance_n than_o in_o the_o repeal_n of_o that_o charter_n for_o they_o may_v have_v find_v among_o the_o same_o ordinance_n these_o thing_n ordain_v first_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o make_v gift_n of_o land_n rent_n franhises_n ward_n or_o escheat_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o ordainer_n second_o that_o all_o gift_n and_o grant_n former_o make_v by_o the_o king_n not_o only_o of_o land_n and_o other_o thing_n in_o england_n but_o in_o gascony_n ireland_n and_o scotland_n shall_v be_v resume_v and_o make_v void_a three_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n nor_o make_v war_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o his_o baron_n and_o of_o his_o parliament_n that_o because_o the_o king_n be_v misguide_v and_o counsel_v by_o evil_a counsellor_n it_o be_v ordain_v that_o all_o his_o counsel_n shall_v be_v renew_v and_o new_a officer_n and_o servant_n appoint_v for_o he_o these_o traitorous_a ordinance_n be_v make_v against_o the_o king_n at_o that_o time_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o shame_n that_o any_o part_n of_o these_o ordinance_n shall_v be_v make_v a_o argument_n against_o the_o right_a of_o the_o crown_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n for_o with_o the_o same_o reason_n they_o may_v argue_v the_o king_n have_v no_o right_a to_o grant_v his_o land_n rent_n ward_n or_o escheat_n that_o he_o may_v not_o go_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n nor_o make_v war_n nor_o choose_v his_o own_o counsellor_n or_o servant_n without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o those_o factious_a baron_n do_v cause_v the_o king_n to_o forego_v the_o say_a imposition_n rather_o ad_fw-la faciendum_fw-la populum_fw-la and_o to_o gratify_v the_o commons_n and_o to_o draw_v they_o to_o their_o party_n than_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o if_o they_o have_v be_v good_a counsellor_n they_o will_v have_v do_v as_o the_o senate_n rome_n of_o rome_n do_v when_o nero_n in_o a_o glorious_a humour_n to_o please_v the_o people_n will_v needs_o have_v discharge_v at_o once_o all_o custom_n and_o imposition_n the_o senate_n give_v he_o thanks_o for_o his_o favour_n towards_o the_o people_n but_o utter_o dissuade_v he_o so_o to_o do_v tell_v he_o that_o in_o so_o do_v he_o will_v ruin_v the_o state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o indeed_o no_o commonwealth_n can_v stand_v without_o these_o duty_n they_o be_v nervi_fw-la they_o be_v succus_fw-la et_fw-la sanguis_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la and_o therefore_o no_o commonwealth_n be_v ever_o without_o they_o but_o the_o imaginary_a commonwealth_n of_o plato_n and_o sir_n thomas_n moore_n for_o they_o do_v both_o agree_v for_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o which_o they_o dream_v there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v pay_v for_o merchandize_n export_v and_o import_v but_o to_o return_v to_o king_n edw._n 2._o what_o follow_v upon_o the_o repeal_n of_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la and_o the_o discharge_n of_o imposition_n which_o king_n edw._n 1._o establish_v be_v not_o that_o poor_a prince_n king_n edw._n 2._o enforce_v to_o take_v up_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o his_o merchant_n by_o way_n of_o loan_n which_o he_o never_o repay_v again_o 11_o edw._n 2._o rot._n fin_n m._n 12._o whereby_o the_o merchant_n receive_v a_o great_a detriment_n than_o if_o they_o have_v make_v a_o double_a payment_n of_o custom_n and_o imposition_n which_o the_o king_n have_v discharge_v and_o therefore_o the_o example_n of_o this_o weak_a prince_n do_v make_v but_o a_o weak_a argument_n against_o the_o right_a of_o the_o crown_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o here_o i_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o observe_v that_o they_o be_v all_o wise_a and_o worthy_a prince_n which_o be_v speak_v of_o in_o former_a age_n to_o have_v lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n namely_o solomon_n solomon_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n julius_n caesar_n caesar_n and_o augustus_n caesar_n caesar_n in_o the_o empire_n king_n ed._n 1._o 1_o and_o king_n ed._n 3._o 3_o in_o england_n but_o on_o the_o other_o part_n they_o which_o release_v all_o custom_n and_o imposition_n be_v but_o weak_a prince_n and_o destroy_v themselves_o and_o the_o commonwealth_n wherein_o they_o live_v namely_o nero_n nero_n in_o the_o empire_n of_o rome_n king_n edw._n 2_o 2_o and_o king_n rich._n 2._o 2_o with_o we_o and_o true_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o common_a law_n the_o king_n can_v if_o he_o will_v release_v all_o subside_v and_o aid_n of_o his_o subject_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v for_o ever_o discharge_v of_o all_o subsidy_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o crown_n such_o a_o grant_n be_v make_v void_a and_o against_o the_o law_n second_o touch_v the_o petition_n exhibit_v to_o the_o king_n in_o sundry_a parliament_n against_o imposition_n lay_v by_o that_o king_n upon_o merchandize_n upon_o view_n of_o the_o record_n wherein_o these_o petition_n be_v contain_v with_o
that_o which_o be_v object_v be_v not_o true_a for_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n have_v be_v take_v by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n second_o if_o it_o have_v be_v true_a it_o be_v no_o argument_n against_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o this_o point_n for_o what_o be_v tonnage_n but_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n payable_a for_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n import_v do_v not_o king_n edw._n 3_o by_o force_n of_o his_o charter_n mercatoria_fw-la without_o act_n of_o parliament_n take_v two_o shilling_n for_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n import_v by_o stranger_n do_v not_o the_o same_o king_n set_v a_o new_a imposition_n of_o gage_n viz._n upon_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n bring_v into_o london_n as_o be_v before_o express_v and_o be_v not_o the_o several_a imposition_n of_o wine_n take_v by_o his_o majesty_n in_o england_n and_o ireland_n a_o kind_n of_o tonnage_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o extraordinary_a rate_n impose_v upon_o ever_o tun_n of_o wine_n and_o levy_v and_o take_v by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n again_o be_v not_o the_o three_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n impose_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o by_o his_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la a_o kind_n of_o poundage_n and_o well_o nigh_o as_o great_a a_o imposition_n as_o twelve_o of_o the_o pound_n grant_v at_o this_o day_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o standard_n of_o money_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 1._o when_o a_o penny_n sterling_a do_v contain_v as_o much_o or_o more_o pure_a silver_n as_o the_o three_o penny_n sterling_a do_v contain_v at_o this_o day_n but_o admit_v that_o no_o tonnage_n or_o poundage_n have_v ever_o be_v take_v but_o by_o grant_n in_o parliament_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o argument_n but_o that_o the_o king_n may_v impose_v the_o like_a or_o the_o same_o by_o his_o prerogative_n for_o three_o particular_a reason_n the_o first_o because_o these_o subsidy_n be_v grant_v for_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n royal_a the_o charge_n whereof_o be_v grow_v so_o great_a in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 4._o 4_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o act_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n grant_v in_o the_o 12_o year_n of_o that_o king_n reign_n that_o it_o suffice_v not_o nor_o in_o time_n to_o come_v be_v like_o to_o suffice_v or_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o keep_v the_o sea_n these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o that_o act_n if_o then_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 4._o the_o subsidy_n of_o tonnage_n be_v three_o shilling_n upon_o a_o tun_n of_o wine_n bring_v in_o by_o denizen_n and_o six_o shilling_n upon_o a_o tun_n bring_v in_o by_o stranger_n and_o the_o subsidy_n of_o poundage_n or_o of_o twelve_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n upon_o other_o commodity_n be_v not_o then_o sufficient_a to_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o royal_a navy_n which_o be_v not_o comparable_a by_o many_o degree_n in_o strength_n and_o beauty_n and_o multitude_n of_o ship_n to_o the_o king_n navy_n at_o this_o day_n do_v it_o stand_v with_o reason_n that_o the_o crown_n shall_v be_v stint_v or_o limit_v ever_o after_o to_o take_v no_o more_o than_o those_o poor_a subsidy_n grant_v at_o that_o time_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v wait_v for_o a_o parliament_n and_o pray_v a_o aid_n of_o the_o commons_o for_o a_o competent_a mean_n to_o maintain_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o kingdom_n when_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n he_o may_v grant_v letter_n patent_n for_o murage_n to_o maintain_v the_o wall_n of_o a_o corporate_a town_n if_o any_o unexpected_a necessity_n shall_v arise_v for_o repair_v of_o the_o navy_n royal_a and_o make_v a_o naval_a war_n shall_v the_o king_n expect_v a_o parliament_n for_o a_o great_a subsidy_n to_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o commons_o before_o he_o shall_v rig_v and_o make_v ready_a his_o ship_n perhaps_o a_o kingdom_n may_v be_v lose_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n as_o if_o a_o pilot_n sit_v at_o the_o helm_n and_o see_v a_o sudden_a gust_n of_o wind_n will_v overset_v the_o ship_n or_o perceive_v she_o to_o be_v run_v on_o a_o rock_n shall_v forbear_v to_o turn_v the_o helm_n or_o cause_v the_o sail_n to_o be_v strike_v until_o he_o have_v consult_v with_o the_o mariner_n or_o passenger_n and_o demand_v their_o consent_n or_o counsel_n in_o the_o business_n the_o pilot_n himself_o with_o his_o mariner_n and_o passenger_n may_v be_v cast_v away_o before_o they_o be_v agree_v what_o course_n to_o take_v second_o these_o subsidy_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n be_v first_o grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n between_o the_o two_o great_a house_n of_o lancaster_n and_o york_n when_o the_o several_a king_n be_v loath_a to_o make_v use_n of_o their_o prerogative_n but_o be_v glad_a to_o please_v their_o people_n and_o loath_a to_o impose_v any_o charge_n upon_o they_o but_o by_o common_a consent_n in_o those_o troublesome_a time_n three_o king_n and_o prince_n oftentimes_o of_o their_o own_o noble_a nature_n and_o sometime_o in_o policy_n do_v accept_v that_o of_o their_o subject_n as_o a_o gift_n which_o they_o may_v exact_v and_o take_v as_o a_o duty_n and_o therefore_o our_o most_o potent_a and_o politic_a king_n have_v ordain_v and_o accept_v many_o thing_n in_o parliament_n which_o they_o may_v have_v do_v in_o their_o private_a chamber_n by_o their_o own_o prerogative_n without_o any_o other_o ceremony_n who_o ever_o make_v doubt_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o establish_v the_o standard_n of_o money_n and_o yet_o how_o many_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v we_o find_v touch_v money_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n e._n 1._o and_o king_n edw._n 2_o the_o king_n prerotative_a in_o make_v and_o establish_v martial_a law_n be_v never_o yet_o in_o question_n yet_o be_v there_o act_n of_o parliament_n touch_v muster_n departure_n of_o soldier_n without_o their_o captain_n licence_n or_o the_o like_a the_o king_n only_o do_v give_v honour_n and_o place_n of_o precedency_n yet_o king_n hen._n 8._o make_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n whereby_o he_o rank_v the_o great_a office_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o their_o several_a place_n as_o well_o in_o council_n as_o in_o parliament_n no_o man_n ever_o doubt_v but_o the_o king_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o justice_n may_v erect_v court_n of_o justice_n by_o his_o prerogative_n yet_o we_o find_v the_o court_n of_o augmentation_n and_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n erect_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n last_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 2._o we_o find_v a_o act_n of_o declaration_n of_o the_o principal_a prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n be_v most_o undoubted_a and_o clear_a yet_o his_o majesty_n be_v please_v in_o his_o first_o parliament_n to_o accept_v of_o a_o act_n of_o recognition_n chap._n xxxii_o the_o conclusion_n by_o these_o reason_n and_o demonstration_n which_o be_v before_o express_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o ancient_a prerogative_n inherent_a to_o the_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n may_v just_o and_o lawful_o set_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o may_v limit_v and_o rate_v the_o quantity_n and_o proportion_n thereof_o by_o his_o own_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o this_o prerogative_n be_v warrant_v and_o approve_v by_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o principal_a branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o the_o imperial_a law_n the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n and_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o by_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o most_o prudent_a king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n since_o the_o conquest_n and_o that_o this_o prerogative_n be_v ground_v upon_o many_o excellent_a reason_n and_o that_o the_o several_a objection_n make_v against_o this_o prerogative_n be_v but_o shadow_n and_o colour_n of_o reason_n and_o clear_o remove_v and_o wash_v away_o by_o the_o several_a answer_n thereunto_o chap._n xxxiii_o a_o comparison_n of_o the_o imposition_n set_v and_o take_v in_o england_n by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n with_o the_o exception_n and_o gabelle_n in_o foreign_a state_n and_o kingdom_n whereby_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n do_v not_o bear_v so_o heavy_a a_o burden_n by_o many_o degree_n as_o the_o subject_n of_o other_o nation_n do_v bear_v in_o this_o kind_n albeit_o indeed_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v no_o emperor_n and_o have_v all_o imperial_a right_n within_o his_o own_o kingdom_n have_v and_o ever_o have_v as_o absolute_a a_o prerogative_n imponere_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la or_o to_o lay_v imposition_n as_o the_o emperor_n of_o rome_n or_o germany_n or_o any_o other_o king_n prince_n or_o state_n in_o the_o world_n now_o have_v or_o ever_o have_v yet_o let_v
et_fw-la invectis_fw-la be_v the_o most_o ancient_a duty_n payable_a to_o the_o king_n so_o be_v the_o same_o ground_v say_v bodin_n upon_o the_o great_a reason_n and_o equity_n in_o the_o world_n quid_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la rationi_fw-la et_fw-la aequitati_fw-la magis_fw-la consentaneum_fw-la quà m_fw-la et_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la in_fw-la nostro_fw-la territorio_fw-la et_fw-la ex_fw-la nostris_fw-la questum_fw-la facit_fw-la principi_fw-la nostro_fw-la cujus_fw-la permissu_fw-la et_fw-la sub_fw-la cujus_fw-la protectione_fw-la negotiatur_fw-la aliquod_fw-la perdat_fw-la et_fw-la presolvat_fw-la and_o this_o common_a reason_n and_o equity_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o these_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n what_o be_v it_o else_o but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o which_o common_a reason_n have_v establish_v among_o all_o man_n for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o man_n and_o which_o all_o nation_n have_v receive_v and_o embrace_v for_o their_o mutual_a benefit_n and_o commodity_n neither_o be_v this_o the_o only_a prerogative_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n habet_fw-la et_fw-la rex_fw-la in_fw-la regno_fw-la suo_fw-la say_v bracton_n bracton_n alia_fw-la privilegia_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la propria_fw-la viz._n soreceum_fw-la maris_fw-la thesaurum_fw-la insentum_fw-la grossos_fw-la pisces_fw-la and_o balenas_fw-la et_fw-la sturgiones_fw-la wavias_n etc._n etc._n huiusmodi_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentiune_n pertinent_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la say_v stampford_n prerogativa_fw-la regis_fw-la fol._n 37._o 6._o add_v hereunto_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o the_o king_n to_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n league_n and_o truce_n to_o grant_v safe_a conduct_n to_o pardon_v all_o offender_n to_o distribute_v all_o degree_n of_o honour_n and_o the_o like_a wherein_o the_o king_n have_v sole_a and_o absolute_a power_n merune_v imperium_fw-la et_fw-la non_fw-la mixtum_fw-la and_o which_o prerogative_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o crown_n and_o incident_a to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n 37.6_o last_o for_o the_o proof_n that_o our_o common_a law_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o prove_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o most_o of_o these_o case_n the_o book_n 19_o edw._n 4._o 6._o 4.6_o do_v approve_v the_o king_n absolute_a power_n in_o make_v war_n peace_n and_o league_n and_o in_o 37_o edw._n 6._o 20._o 6.20_o that_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereby_o the_o high_a constable_n and_o marshal_n of_o england_n do_v proceed_v in_o their_o court_n of_o war_n and_o chivalry_n be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n we_o find_v also_o the_o king_n sole_a power_n in_o 11_o hen._n 4._o 4_o rot._n parliament_n in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la london_n for_o coin_v of_o money_n we_o have_v the_o case_n of_o mine_n com._n 316._o 316_o for_o safe_a conduct_n of_o merchant_n and_o stop_v of_o trade_n tempore_fw-la guerrae_fw-la and_o letter_n of_o reprisal_n we_o have_v 7_o edw._n 4.19.2_o r._n 3.2_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o cap.30_n and_o the_o register_n wherein_o we_o find_v writ_n of_o reprisal_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o how_o it_o differ_v from_o our_o common_a law_n and_o how_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o law_n merchandize_n do_v differ_v from_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o do_v not_o cross_v the_o sea_n and_o how_o the_o common_a law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v admit_v and_o allow_v of_o the_o law_n merchant_n mercaturavel_v societas_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la est_fw-la magna_fw-la respublica_fw-la say_v ulpian_n ulpian_n and_o therefore_o that_o commonwealth_n of_o merchant_n have_v always_o have_v a_o peculiar_a and_o proper_a law_n to_o rule_v and_o govern_v it_o this_o law_n be_v call_v the_o law_n merchant_n whereof_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n do_v take_v special_a knowledge_n first_o both_o the_o common_a law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o law_n merchant_n and_o do_v leave_v the_o cause_n of_o merchant_n and_o merchandize_n to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o that_o law_n for_o what_o say_v the_o book_n of_o 13_o edw._n 4.9_o 10_o 4.9,10_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n make_v suit_n before_o the_o king_n privy_a council_n for_o certain_a bail_n of_o silk_n felonious_o take_v from_o he_o and_o it_o be_v move_v that_o this_o matter_n may_v be_v determine_v by_o common_a law_n unto_o which_o motion_n the_o lord_n chancellor_n do_v there_o answer_n this_o suit_n be_v bring_v by_o a_o merchant_n who_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o sue_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n nor_o to_o tarry_v the_o trial_n of_o twelve_o man_n nor_o other_o solemnity_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n albeit_o the_o king_n have_v jurisdiction_n of_o he_o within_o the_o realm_n and_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o stand_v to_o his_o judgement_n yet_o this_o must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o some_o call_v the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o law_n universal_a throughout_o the_o word_n these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o that_o book_n and_o it_o be_v there_o resolve_v by_o all_o the_o justice_n that_o if_o the_o merchandize_n of_o such_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n be_v steal_v and_o wave_v by_o the_o felon_n the_o king_n himself_o shall_v not_o take_v those_o merchandize_n as_o waif_n though_o in_o that_o case_n the_o good_n of_o another_o person_n be_v lose_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n do_v not_o this_o case_n make_v it_o manifest_a that_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o common_a law_n merchandize_n that_o cross_v the_o sea_n be_v good_n of_o another_o nature_n quality_n and_o consideration_n than_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o be_v possess_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o do_v not_o cross_v the_o sea_n this_o learning_n be_v not_o common_a in_o our_o book_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o meet_v to_o exemplify_v this_o difference_n with_o more_o case_n in_o this_o point_n if_o two_o merchant_n be_v joint-owner_n or_o partner_n in_o merchandize_n which_o they_o have_v acquire_v by_o a_o joint-contract_n in_o this_o case_n the_o one_o shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o account_n against_o the_o other_o die_fw-la legem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la say_v the_o register_n fol._n 135._o and_o f._n n._n 117._o d._n d._n and_o yet_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n if_o two_o man_n be_v joint_o possess_v of_o other_o good_n which_o be_v not_o merchandize_n the_o one_o shall_v not_o call_v the_o other_o to_o account_n for_o the_o same_o again_o if_o two_o merchant_n have_v a_o joint_a interest_n in_o merchandize_n if_o the_o own_o die_v the_o survivor_n shall_v not_o have_v all_o but_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o party_n decease_a shall_v by_o the_o law_n merchant_n call_v the_o survivor_n to_o a_o account_n for_o the_o moiety_n f.n._n 117._o d._n d._n whereas_o if_o there_o be_v two_o joint_n of_o other_o good_n which_o be_v not_o merchandize_n the_o survivor_n shall_v have_v all_o per_fw-la jus_fw-la accrescendi_fw-la even_o by_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n again_o in_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o a_o simple_a contract_n which_o be_v without_o deed_n in_o writing_n the_o defendant_n by_o the_o common_a law_n may_v wage_v his_o law_n that_o be_v he_o may_v bar_v the_o plaintiff_n of_o his_o action_n by_o take_v a_o oath_n that_o he_o do_v not_o owe_v the_o debt_n nor_o any_o part_n thereof_o and_o yet_o in_o itin._n derby_n 2_o edw._n 3._o 3_o john_n crompton_n merchant_n upon_o a_o contract_n without_o deed_n the_o defendant_n will_v have_v wage_v his_o law_n but_o be_v not_o permit_v so_o to_o do_v and_o so_o judgement_n be_v give_v against_o the_o say_a defendant_n again_o the_o good_n of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n be_v discharge_v of_o toll_n by_o the_o common_a law_n si_fw-la non_fw-la exerceat_fw-la marchandizas_n de_fw-la eisdem_fw-la say_v the_o register_n 259._o a._o a._n for_o than_o their_o good_n be_v charge_v be_v now_o become_v good_n of_o another_o nature_n when_o the_o same_o be_v turn_v into_o merchandize_n so_o be_v the_o good_n of_o the_o french_a nobility_n discharge_v by_o gabelle_n and_o imposition_n if_o they_o traffic_v not_o but_o if_o they_o traffic_v say_v bodin_n bodin_n their_o good_n be_v charge_v like_o other_o merchandize_n again_o for_o good_n wrongful_o take_v within_o the_o land_n the_o common_a law_n give_v remedy_n against_o the_o trespasser_n or_o the_o wrongful_a taker_n only_o but_o if_o a_o english_a merchant_n be_v spoil_v of_o his_o merchandize_n upon_o the_o sea_n or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o subject_a of_o another_o king_n the_o register_n do_v give_v he_o a_o writ_n of_o reprisal_n against_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o that_o nation_n regist._n 122._o 6._o and_o 46_o hen._n 3._o 3_o we_o find_v a_o more_o brief_a cause_n of_o justice_n for_o there_o the_o king_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o
it_o be_v bind_v so_o it_o be_v perpetual_a and_o can_v be_v reject_v as_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n be_v reject_v in_o most_o of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n in_o such_o case_n as_o do_v arise_v within_o the_o body_n of_o every_o kingdom_n in_o france_n philip_n le_fw-fr bell_n say_v bodin_n de_fw-la repub._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 8._o li.2.cap.8_n when_o he_o erect_v the_o court_n of_o parliament_n at_o paris_n and_o mountpelier_n do_v express_o declare_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v bind_v in_o their_o judgement_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n and_o in_o erect_v of_o all_o the_o university_n of_o france_n they_o be_v charge_v in_o their_o several_a charter_n not_o to_o revive_v the_o profession_n of_o the_o civil_a and_o common_a law_n as_o of_o bind_v law_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o earum_fw-la non_fw-la imperio_fw-la sed_fw-la ratione_fw-la utimur_fw-la say_v another_o learned_a doctor_n of_o france_n in_o spain_n say_v bodin_n bodin_n in_o the_o same_o place_n several_a king_n have_v make_v edict_n that_o no_o man_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n shall_v allege_v the_o roman_a civil_a law_n as_o a_o bind_a law_n in_o their_o dominion_n and_o that_o stephen_n king_n of_o spain_n spain_n do_v forbid_v the_o public_a plead_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o for_o england_n to_o omit_v what_o pope_n elutherius_n eluther_n write_v in_o his_o epistle_n to_o lucius_n the_o first_o christian_a monarch_n of_o the_o briton_n and_o whereof_o mention_n be_v make_v in_o saint_n edward_n law_n de_fw-fr protestate_fw-la regius_fw-la et_fw-la ecclesiastica_fw-la publish_v in_o the_o time_n of_o 3_o hen._n 8_o petiistis_fw-la say_v he_o leges_fw-la romanas_fw-la et_fw-la caesaris_fw-la vobis_fw-la transmitti_fw-la quibus_fw-la in_fw-la regno_fw-la britaniae_fw-la uti_fw-la voluistis_fw-la leges_fw-la romanas_fw-la et_fw-la caesaris_fw-la reprobare_fw-la possumus_fw-la legem_fw-la dei_fw-la nequaquam_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o a_o parliament_n hold_v in_o england_n 11_o r._n 2._o when_o a_o course_n of_o proceed_n in_o criminal_a cause_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v propound_v a_o answer_n be_v make_v by_o all_o the_o state_n assemble_v that_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n neither_o have_v be_v informer_n time_n nor_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v rule_v and_o govern_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n rot._n parliament_n 11_o r._n 2._o in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la london_n and_o according_o chopinus_n chopinn_z the_o french_a lawyer_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr domino_fw-la francia_fw-la tit._n 28._o speak_v of_o the_o civil_a law_n huius_fw-la romani_fw-la juris_fw-la say_v he_o nullus_fw-la apud_fw-la anglos_fw-la usus_fw-la sed_fw-la ex_fw-la veteri_fw-la gentis_fw-la instituto_fw-la britani_n reguntur_fw-la legibus_fw-la municipialibus_fw-la quas_fw-la illis_fw-la majorum_fw-la mores_fw-la praescripserunt_fw-la but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o cause_n arise_v within_o the_o land_n only_o for_o all_o marine_a and_o sea_n cause_v which_o do_v arise_v for_o the_o most_o part_n concerning_o merch_n and_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n our_o king_n have_v ever_o use_v the_o roman_a civil_a law_n for_o the_o decide_v and_o determine_v thereof_o as_o the_o roman_n do_v use_v the_o law_n of_o the_o rhodian_n rhodian_n in_o those_o case_n according_a to_o the_o memorable_a rescript_n of_o the_o emperor_n antonius_n terram_fw-la suis_fw-la legibus_fw-la rhodiis_fw-la regi_fw-la how_o be_v it_o now_o those_o law_n of_o the_o rhodian_n be_v digest_v and_o incorporate_v into_o one_o body_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o jurisdiction_n touch_v cause_n arise_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v commit_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o his_o admiral_n who_o in_o his_o court_n of_o admiralty_n do_v proceed_v in_o those_o case_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n now_o for_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n touch_v the_o power_n of_o king_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n the_o same_o be_v clear_a without_o question_n and_o observe_v without_o contradiction_n in_o all_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n regiitantum_fw-la juris_fw-la ac_fw-la muneris_fw-la est_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la imponere_fw-la redditus_fw-la seu_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la portus_fw-la quae_fw-la perveniant_fw-la ex_fw-la his_fw-la quae_fw-la in_fw-la portum_fw-la vel_fw-la ex_fw-la portu_fw-la vehentur_fw-la regalia_fw-la sunt_fw-la rex_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la recognoscit_fw-la superior_a they_o potest_fw-la instituere_fw-la nova_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la etc._n etc._n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la jus_fw-la totius_fw-la mundi_fw-la totus_fw-la mundus_fw-la hoc_fw-la jure_fw-la utitur_fw-la the_o d._n doctor_n who_o interpret_v the_o imperial_a law_n have_v their_o book_n full_a of_o these_o rule_n and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o these_o rule_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n be_v only_o intend_v of_o the_o emperor_n a_o learned_a civilian_n have_v this_o position_n plus_fw-la juris_fw-la habet_fw-la rex_fw-la in_fw-la regno_fw-la quam_fw-la imperator_fw-la in_fw-la imperio_fw-la quia_fw-la rex_fw-la transmittit_fw-la regnum_fw-la ad_fw-la successionem_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la facit_fw-la imperator_fw-la quy_a tantum_fw-la electionis_fw-la etc._n etc._n last_o when_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o make_v use_n thereof_o i_o do_v apply_v the_o same_o only_a in_o case_n of_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n which_o i_o do_v express_v by_o way_n of_o protestation_n that_o i_o may_v not_o be_v mistake_v here_o and_o in_o other_o place_n where_o i_o cite_v the_o text_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n as_o if_o i_o intend_v that_o law_n to_o be_v of_o force_n in_o england_n general_o as_o in_o other_o place_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o canon_n or_o ecelesiastical_a law_n and_o how_o far_o forth_o it_o do_v examine_v and_o resolve_v this_o question_n in_o case_n of_o conscience_n only_o the_o canon_n law_n law_n be_v receive_v and_o admit_v in_o england_n as_o a_o binding-law_n in_o case_n ecclesiastical_a which_o be_v indeed_o the_o proper_a subject_n of_o that_o law_n but_o this_o question_n of_o imposition_n be_v mere_o civil_a and_o therefore_o the_o canon_n law_n do_v not_o handle_v it_o but_o in_o case_n of_o conscience_n only_o and_o so_o indeed_o it_o do_v examine_v and_o determine_v in_o what_o case_n a_o absolute_a prince_n may_v with_o a_o good_a conscience_n lay_v and_o demand_v new_a imposition_n decret._n causae_fw-la 24._o quaesti_fw-la 3._o 3_o princeps_fw-la potest_fw-la indicere_fw-la nova_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la and_o in_o summa_fw-la summarum_fw-la tit._n degabellis_fw-la et_fw-la exactionibus_fw-la these_o rule_n and_o distinction_n be_v lay_v down_o quilibet_fw-la monarcha_fw-la potest_fw-la imponere_fw-la novum_fw-la vectigal_fw-la quod_fw-la tamen_fw-la boni_fw-la viri_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la moderaudum_fw-la est_fw-la potest_fw-la princeps_fw-la imponere_fw-la vectigal_fw-la ultra_fw-la conventiovem_fw-la in_fw-la duobue_fw-la casibus_fw-la i_o quando_fw-la redditus_fw-la ejus_fw-la non_fw-la sufficiunt_fw-la ad_fw-la segimen_fw-la boni_fw-la et_fw-la communis_fw-la et_fw-la decentiam_fw-la status_fw-la ejus_fw-la 2._o quando_fw-la non_fw-la sufficiunt_fw-la ex_fw-la nova_fw-la emergentia_fw-la principes_fw-la enim_fw-la sunt_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la instituti_fw-la ut_fw-la nō_fw-la quaerant_fw-la propria_fw-la lucra_fw-la sed_fw-la communem_fw-la utilitatem_fw-la populorum_fw-la lilia_fw-la agri_fw-la neque_fw-la arant_fw-la neque_fw-la nent_fw-la which_o may_v be_v apply_v say_v a_o french_a monk_n to_o all_o prince_n but_o espicial_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n because_o they_o bear_v the_o lily_n the_o canonist_n canonist_n do_v likewise_o allege_v the_o example_n of_o our_o saviour_n who_o pay_v a_o imposition_n of_o poll-money_n poll-money_n and_o wrought_v a_o miracle_n to_o enable_v himself_o to_o do_v it_o that_o the_o tribute-money_n which_o christ_n command_v to_o be_v pay_v date_fw-la caefari_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la caesaris_fw-la and_o the_o custom_n which_o saint_n paul_n paul_n will_v every_o christian_n to_o pay_v willing_o reddite_fw-la omnibus_fw-la cui_fw-la tributum_fw-la cuivectigal_fw-la be_v but_o imposition_n raise_v by_o the_o emperor_n edict_n only_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n and_o yet_o saint_n paul_n require_v obedience_n to_o prince_n in_o that_o case_n not_o only_o for_o fear_n of_o the_o prince_n displeasure_n but_o for_o conscience_n sake_n non_fw-la solum_fw-la propter_fw-la iram_fw-la sed_fw-la propter_fw-la conscientiam_fw-la chap._n vi_o that_o this_o question_n of_o imposition_n may_v be_v examine_v and_o decide_v as_o well_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n before_o mention_v as_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o municipial_n law_n or_o common_a law_n of_o england_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v law_n in_o all_o king_n dom_n and_o the_o law_n merchant_n be_v also_o a_o branch_n of_o that_o law_n and_o likewise_o the_o imperial_a or_o roman_a law_n have_v be_v ever_o admit_v have_v receive_v by_o the_o king_n and_o people_n of_o england_n in_o cause_n concerning_o merchant_n and_o merchandize_n and_o so_o be_v become_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o those_o case_n why_o shall_v not_o this_o question_n of_o imposition_n be_v examine_v and_o decide_v by_o
power_n to_o shut_v and_o open_v the_o fame_n at_o his_o pleasure_n again_o all_o the_o port_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v the_o king_n not_o only_o the_o cinque-port_n which_o have_v a_o special_a warden_n appoint_v by_o the_o king_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o port_n be_v also_o his_o and_o many_o of_o they_o bear_v a_o mark_n of_o the_o king_n inheritance_n in_o their_o addition_n as_o linn_n regis_fw-la waymouth_n melcombe_n regis_fw-la pool_n regis_fw-la for_o the_o king_n be_v custos_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o the_o four_o sea_n be_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o the_o haven_n and_o creek_n be_v the_o gate_n and_o postern_n of_o it_o they_o be_v ostia_n they_o be_v ianua_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o we_o find_v two_o port_n in_o italy_n call_v by_o those_o name_n the_o one_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o tiber_n the_o other_o corrupt_o call_v genoa_n but_o the_o true_a name_n thereof_o be_v ianua_fw-la and_o as_o the_o haven_n be_v ianua_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o king_n himself_o be_v janus_n and_o have_v power_n to_o open_v and_o shut_v they_o at_o his_o pleasure_n omnia_fw-la sunt_fw-la nostra_fw-la clausa_fw-la patentque_fw-la manu_fw-la say_v janus_n in_o the_o poet_n and_o again_o modo_fw-la namque_fw-la patulchus_fw-la idem_fw-la et_fw-la modo_fw-la sacrifico_fw-la clusius_n ore_fw-la vocor_fw-la the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o have_v this_o prerogative_n incident_a to_o his_o crown_n to_o shut_v and_o open_v the_o port_n when_o it_o please_v he_o as_o appear_v by_o many_o record_n especial_o by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 3._o 3_o wherein_o be_v find_v many_o petition_n that_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v open_a which_o during_o that_o king_n time_n be_v often_o shut_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n only_o and_o never_o full_o open_v again_o but_o when_o the_o king_n lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o this_o prerogative_n of_o custody_n of_o the_o port_n and_o of_o shut_v and_o open_v the_o same_o be_v reserve_v unto_o the_o crown_n upon_o a_o excellent_a reason_n for_o trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v hold_v with_o all_o person_n neither_o be_v all_o thing_n fit_a to_o be_v import_v or_o export_v for_o such_o person_n as_o be_v enemy_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o come_v to_o discover_v arcana_fw-la regni_fw-la such_o person_n as_o come_v to_o corrupt_v religion_n or_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n such_o person_n as_o under_o colour_n of_o merchandize_n come_v to_o set_v up_o monopoly_n or_o a_o dry_a exchange_n to_o drain_v or_o draw_v away_o our_o commodity_n or_o money_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o enter_v in_o at_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o again_o such_o commodity_n as_o the_o kingdom_n can_v spare_v as_o corn_n in_o time_n of_o dearth_n and_o such_o as_o may_v advantage_v our_o enemy_n and_o hurt_v we_o in_o time_n of_o war_n as_o horse_n armour_n gunpowder_n etc._n etc._n be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v export_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o poison_n heretical_a book_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v apparent_o hurtful_a to_o the_o people_n be_v not_o to_o be_v import_v and_o therefore_o the_o prerogative_n of_o open_v and_o shut_v the_o port_n be_v accompany_v with_o another_o absolute_a power_n of_o stop_v and_o imbar_v of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n sometime_o general_o sometime_o between_o we_o and_o particular_a nation_n and_o sometime_o for_o particular_a merchandize_n only_o whereof_o there_o be_v many_o precedent_n and_o example_n both_o in_o record_n and_o history_n of_o our_o nation_n 2_o edw._n 1._o 1_o rot._n parliament_n m._n 18._o in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la 2_o edw._n 3._o 3_o rot._n fin_n m._n 17_o ibid._n 10_o edw._n 3._o 3_o chaunc_fw-la m._n 3._o in_fw-la dorso_fw-la ibid._n 17_o hen._n 6._o 4_o sccio_fw-mi angliae_fw-la matthew_n paris_n hist._n magna_fw-la p._n 568._o 568._o 10_o hen._n 7_o stow._n stow_n and_o this_o prerogative_n of_o imbar_v trade_n do_v result_v out_o of_o the_o undoubted_a prerogative_n which_o the_o king_n have_v to_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n with_o foreign_a nation_n for_o open_a war_n be_v no_o soon_o denounce_v but_o all_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n be_v stop_v and_o imbar_v between_o the_o nation_n which_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o war_n durante_fw-la bello_fw-la inter_fw-la reges_fw-la christianos_fw-la merces_fw-la quascunque_fw-la exportare_fw-la vetamur_fw-la ne_fw-la regni_fw-la arcana_fw-la serutentur_fw-la say_v a_o doctor_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n whereupon_o we_o make_v this_o argument_n that_o since_o the_o king_n have_v absolute_a power_n of_o shut_v the_o port_n and_o stop_v trade_n it_o stand_v with_o as_o good_a reason_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o like_a power_n to_o lay_v reasonable_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n for_o open_v of_o the_o port_n and_o for_o give_v of_o freedom_n of_o trade_n again_o he_o that_o may_v do_v the_o more_o may_v do_v the_o less_o non_fw-la debet_fw-la ei_fw-la cui_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la majus_fw-la est_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la minus_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la licere_fw-la say_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n he_o that_o may_v prohibit_v merchant_n not_o to_o trade_n or_o pass_v may_v dispense_v with_o that_o prohibition_n and_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o go_v and_o traffic_n sub_fw-la modo_fw-la again_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v dominus_fw-la maris_fw-la which_o flow_v about_o the_o island_n as_o divers_a ancient_a book_n and_o record_n do_v testify_v as_o fitz_n avowry_n 192._o 6_o rich._n 2._o protection_n 46._o rot._n scotiae_fw-la m._n 16._o in_o arch._n turris_n turris_fw-la and_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o only_o quoad_fw-la protectionem_fw-la et_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la sed_fw-la quoad_fw-la proprietatem_fw-la and_o this_o be_v our_o neptune_n trident_n for_o god_n give_v unto_o man_n as_o well_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o the_o earth_n where_o it_o be_v say_v gen._n 1._o 1_o replete_a terram_fw-la et_fw-la subjicite_fw-la eam_fw-la and_o dominamini_fw-la piscibus_fw-la maris_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_fw-la psal._n 8._o omnia_fw-la subjecit_fw-la pedibus_fw-la ejus_fw-la pisces_fw-la maris_fw-la and_o quicquid_fw-la perambulat_fw-la semitas_fw-la maris_fw-la and_o therefore_o baldus_n baldus_n affirm_v de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la distincta_fw-la esse_fw-la dominia_fw-la in_fw-la mare_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_fw-la terra_fw-la arida_fw-la and_o again_o mare_fw-la attribuitur_fw-la terrae_fw-la circunstanti_fw-la hence_o it_o be_v though_o there_o be_v but_o one_o ocean_n in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v quasi_fw-la insula_fw-la say_v strabo_n strabo_n yet_o be_v there_o mare_n gallicum_n sardicum_fw-la creticum_n aegypticum_fw-la and_o oceanus_fw-la britanicus_n germanicus_n etc._n etc._n which_o particular_a name_n do_v note_v a_o propriety_n in_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o land_n adjoin_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o our_o common_a law_n do_v give_v unto_o ourk_v all_o the_o land_n which_o be_v gain_v from_o the_o sea_n which_o stampford_n stampford_n in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n do_v affirm_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la quia_fw-la mare_fw-la seu_fw-la particula_fw-la maris_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la territorio_fw-la illius_fw-la civitatis_fw-la vel_fw-la regni_fw-la cui_fw-la magis_fw-la appropinquat_fw-la say_v one_o learned_a doctor_n mare_fw-la se_fw-la extendit_fw-la cum_fw-la aquae_fw-la flnt_fw-la mensurabiles_fw-la say_v another_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o all_o navigable_a river_n as_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n and_o the_o river_n of_o lee_n and_o divers_a other_o be_v call_v in_o our_o book_n the_o king_n stream_n 19_o ass_n p.6_n p.6_n dyer_n 117_o a_fw-la because_o cause_v such_o river_n be_v arm_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o far_o as_o the_o sea_n do_v flow_v in_o they_o 22._o ass._n p._n 93._o 93._o and_o last_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o king_n may_v prohibit_v all_o subject_n whatsoever_o to_o pass_v over_o the_o sea_n without_o his_o licence_n and_o to_o that_o end_n in_o 22_o edw._n 4._o 4_o the_o king_n command_v the_o warden_n of_o the_o cinque ports_o and_o the_o bailiff_n of_o all_o other_o port_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o suffer_v any_o man_n ship_n or_o boat_n to_o pass_v beyond_o the_o sea_n quousque_fw-la rex_fw-la illud_fw-la mandaverit_fw-la and_o the_o like_a commandment_n be_v give_v 4_o edw._n 3._o 3_o 21_o edw._n 3._o 3_o 16_o rich._n 2._o 2_o 17_o hen._n 6._o 6_o if_o therefore_o the_o king_n have_v such_o a_o absolute_a interest_n in_o the_o port_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o all_o navigable_a river_n wherein_o the_o king_n port_n be_v situate_v for_o the_o main_a part_n why_o shall_v he_o not_o have_v the_o like_a absolute_a power_n to_o limit_v and_o prescribe_v unto_o merchant_n what_o duty_n they_o shall_v pay_v and_o upon_o what_o term_n and_o condition_n they_o shall_v pass_v to_o and_o fro_o upon_o the_o sea_n and_o
forbear_v to_o use_v their_o prerogative_n in_o that_o kind_n for_o those_o other_o notable_a and_o true_a cause_n which_o be_v before_o at_o large_a express_v in_o the_o seventeen_o chapter_n last_o touch_v the_o imposition_n of_o six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n upon_o every_o cloth_n lay_v by_o queen_n mary_n after_o the_o loss_n of_o calais_n she_o hold_v the_o same_o with_o a_o new_a imposition_n upon_o french_a wine_n without_o any_o question_n during_o her_o life_n and_o albeit_o complaint_n be_v make_v against_o the_o imposition_n set_v upon_o clothes_n unto_o queen_n elizabeth_n upon_o her_o first_o entry_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o the_o people_n to_o complain_v of_o burden_n and_o charge_n upon_o every_o change_n of_o government_n yet_o we_o find_v that_o after_o the_o conference_n of_o the_o judge_n speak_v of_o by_o my_o lord_n dyer_n 1_o eliz._n f._n 165._o fol.165_n dyer_n though_o their_o resolution_n be_v not_o their_o report_a queen_n elizabeth_n do_v continue_v that_o imposition_n and_o also_o the_o impost_n upon_o french_a wine_n as_o be_v lawful_a set_v for_o the_o space_n of_o forty_o four_o year_n without_o any_o further_a contradiction_n beside_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v raise_v divers_a other_o new_a imposition_n as_o be_v before_o declare_v whereunto_o there_o be_v never_o make_v any_o opposition_n during_o her_o reign_n and_o which_o his_o majesty_n that_o now_o be_v have_v receive_v without_o any_o question_n for_o the_o space_n of_o fifteen_o year_n and_o thus_o much_o may_v suffice_v for_o answer_v to_o the_o several_a point_n in_o the_o three_o objection_n chap._n xxviii_o the_o four_o objection_n that_o the_o prerogative_n be_v bind_v or_o take_v away_o by_o divers_a act_n of_o parliament_n fourthly_a it_o be_v object_v 4_o that_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v and_o admit_v that_o the_o king_n de_fw-la jure_fw-la communi_fw-la have_v a_o rightful_a prerogative_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n yet_o that_o power_n say_v they_o be_v restrain_v and_o take_v away_o by_o sundry_a act_n of_o parliament_n first_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o do_v give_v safe_a conduct_n and_o free_a passage_n to_o all_o merchant_n to_o buy_v and_o sell_v absque_fw-la aliquibus_fw-la malis_fw-la tolnetis_fw-la per_fw-la antiquas_fw-la et_fw-la rectas_fw-la consuctudines_fw-la second_o by_o the_o act_n or_o charrer_n of_o confirmation_n in_o 25_o edw._n 3._o the_o king_n do_v release_v a_o maletolt_n of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n and_o do_v grant_v for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n unto_o the_o commons_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o take_v such_o thing_n without_o the_o commons_o consent_n or_o good_a will_n and_o in_o the_o same_o act_n or_o charter_n recite_v that_o whereas_o divers_a people_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v in_o fear_n that_o the_o aid_n and_o tax_n which_o they_o have_v give_v to_o the_o king_n before_o that_o time_n be_v towards_o his_o war_n and_o other_o business_n of_o their_o own_o grant_n and_o good_a will_n may_v turn_v to_o a_o bondage_n of_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n because_o in_o time_n to_o come_v they_o may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o roll_n and_o be_v likewise_o grieve_v for_o prize_n take_v through_o the_o realm_n the_o king_n do_v grant_v for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n that_o he_o will_v not_o draw_v such_o aid_n tax_n or_o prize_n into_o a_o custom_n for_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v do_v before_o that_o time_n be_v it_o by_o roll_n or_o any_o other_o precedent_n that_o may_v be_v find_v three_o by_o the_o statute_n 14_o edw._n 3._o cap._n 12._o the_o king_n do_v grant_v that_o all_o merchant_n denizen_n and_o alien_n may_v free_o come_v into_o the_o realm_n with_o their_o good_n and_o merchandize_n and_o free_o tarry_v there_o and_o safe_o return_v pay_v their_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o profit_n thereof_o reasonable_o due_a four_o by_o the_o statute_n 11_o rich._n 2._o cap._n 9_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o imposition_n or_o charge_n be_v put_v upon_o wool_n wool-fell_n or_o leather_n other_o than_o the_o custom_n or_o subsidy_n grant_v to_o the_o king_n in_o that_o parliament_n if_o any_o be_v the_o same_o to_o be_v annul_v and_o repeal_v save_v to_o the_o king_n his_o ancient_a right_n there_o be_v other_o act_n of_o parliament_n contain_v the_o same_o sense_n and_o substance_n but_o these_o principal_o have_v be_v single_v out_o and_o cite_v as_o special_o statute_n restrain_v and_o take_v away_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n chap._n xxix_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o four_o objection_n to_o this_o objection_n first_o i_o answer_v object_n that_o this_o be_v a_o prerogative_n in_o point_n of_o government_n as_o well_o as_o in_o point_n of_o profit_n it_o can_v be_v restrain_v or_o bind_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n it_o can_v be_v limit_v by_o any_o certain_a or_o fix_a rule_n of_o law_n no_o more_o than_o the_o course_n of_o a_o pilot_n upon_o the_o sea_n who_o must_v turn_v the_o helm_n or_o bear_v high_a or_o low_a sail_n according_a to_o the_o wind_n and_o weather_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v proper_o say_v that_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o this_o point_n be_v as_o strong_a as_o samson_n it_o can_v be_v bind_v for_o though_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v make_v to_o restrain_v it_o and_o the_o king_n do_v give_v his_o consent_n unto_o it_o as_o samson_n be_v bind_v with_o his_o own_o consent_n yet_o if_o the_o philistine_n come_v that_o be_v if_o any_o just_a or_o important_a occasion_n do_v arise_v it_o can_v hold_v or_o restrain_v the_o prerogative_n it_o will_v be_v as_o thread_n and_o break_v as_o easy_a as_o the_o bond_n of_o samson_n and_o again_o ius_fw-la imponendi_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la inhaeret_fw-la sceptro_fw-la say_v the_o law_n imperial_a and_o quod_fw-la sceptro_fw-la inhaeret_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la tolli_fw-la nisi_fw-la sublato_fw-la sceptro_fw-la the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v the_o sunbeam_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o as_o inseparable_a from_o it_o as_o the_o sunbeam_n from_o the_o sun_n the_o king_n crown_n must_v be_v take_v from_o his_o head_n before_o his_o prerogative_n can_v be_v take_v away_o from_o he_o samson_n hair_n must_v be_v cut_v off_o before_o his_o courage_n can_v be_v any_o jot_n abate_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n act_n nor_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v give_v away_o his_o prerogative_n for_o in_o his_o own_o act_n the_o king_n can_v release_v a_o tenure_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la nor_o grant_v it_o to_o any_o subject_a dyer_n 44._o 44._o if_o the_o king_n grant_v land_n to_o i.s._n to_o hold_v as_o free_o as_o the_o king_n himself_o hold_v his_o crown_n he_o shall_v hold_v his_o land_n still_o of_o the_o king_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o if_o he_o alien_a it_o he_o shall_v pay_v a_o fine_a for_o the_o tenure_n be_v vest_v in_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n say_v the_o book_n 14_o hen._n 6._o 12._o and_o therefore_o when_o king_n edw._n 3._o do_v grant_v unto_o the_o black_a prince_n his_o elder_a son_n the_o duchy_n of_o cornwall_n una_fw-la cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la wardis_fw-la maritagiis_fw-la et_fw-la releviis_fw-la etc._n etc._n non_fw-la obstante_fw-la prerogativa_fw-la regis_fw-la the_o prince_n can_v not_o seize_v a_o ward_n that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n ward_n who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n because_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n 34_o ass._n pl._n 25._o whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o king_n by_o his_o own_o grant_n can_v sever_v his_o prerogative_n from_o the_o crown_n nor_o communicate_v any_o part_n thereof_o to_o any_o one_o not_o to_o the_o prince_n his_o elder_a son_n and_o in_o this_o case_n of_o tenure_n it_o be_v resolve_v in_o the_o last_o assembly_n of_o parliament_n in_o england_n that_o no_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v be_v frame_v by_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n whereby_o all_o tenure_n of_o the_o crown_n may_v be_v extinguish_v neither_o can_v any_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o flat_a negative_a take_v away_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o the_o affirmative_a the_o king_n have_v a_o prerogative_n in_o the_o affirmation_n that_o he_o may_v pardon_v all_o malefactor_n there_o be_v a_o statute_n make_v at_o northampton_n 2_o edw._n 3._o 3_o that_o no_o charter_n of_o pardon_n for_o kill_v a_o man_n shall_v thence_o forth_o be_v grant_v but_o in_o one_o case_n where_o one_o man_n kill_v another_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n by_o misfortune_n have_v this_o statute_n so_o bind_v the_o prerogative_n as_o no_o man_n ever_o since_o have_v be_v pardon_v for_o kill_v a_o man_n but_o in_o the_o case_n before_o mention_v the_o king_n have_v a_o prerogative_n in_o point_n of_o government_n to_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o sheriff_n in_o every_o county_n there_o be_v a_o statute_n make_v 28_o edw._n 3_o cap._n 7._o that_o
no_o man_n shall_v be_v sheriff_n two_o year_n together_o and_o that_o no_o commission_n shall_v be_v grant_v or_o renew_v for_o the_o year_n follow_v to_o he_o that_o have_v be_v sheriff_n the_o year_n before_o be_v the_o king_n prerogative_n bind_v by_o this_o statute_n when_o he_o grant_v the_o sheriffwick_n of_o northumberland_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n during_o his_o life_n with_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la of_o that_o statute_n 2_o hen._n 7._o fol._n 6._o again_o the_o king_n have_v no_o ancient_a and_o absolute_a power_n to_o grant_v dispensation_n for_o hold_v ecclesiastical_a benefice_n in_fw-la commendum_fw-la there_o be_v a_o statute_n make_v 7_o edw._n 3_o in_o ireland_n whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v and_o declare_v that_o the_o king_n dispensation_n in_o this_o case_n shall_v be_v utter_o void_a if_o it_o be_v not_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v this_o statute_n so_o derogate_v from_o the_o king_n prerogative_n and_o so_o restrain_v it_o that_o he_o may_v not_o only_o by_o his_o letter_n patent_n grant_v commendamus_fw-la before_o the_o statute_n of_o 28_o hen._n 8._o in_o this_o realm_n assure_o the_o king_n dispensation_n non_fw-la obstante_fw-la the_o statute_n will_v have_v take_v away_o the_o force_n thereof_o as_o if_o no_o such_o law_n have_v ever_o be_v make_v there_o be_v manyoth_a case_n of_o like_a nature_n which_o i_o omit_v as_o for_o the_o particular_a statute_n before_o recite_v the_o word_n thereof_o be_v too_o general_a to_o bind_v or_o restrain_v this_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n first_o that_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la do_v give_v safe_a conduct_n to_o all_o merchant_n to_o come_v and_o go_v and_o to_o tarry_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o to_o buy_v and_o sell_v their_o merchandize_n sine_fw-la malis_fw-la tolneâ—is_fw-la per_fw-la antiqnas_fw-la et_fw-la rectas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la how_o do_v these_o general_a word_n restrain_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o this_o case_n for_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o be_v the_o common_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n do_v warrant_n and_o approve_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n as_o before_o i_o have_v full_o and_o clear_o prove_v than_o a_o reasonable_a imposition_n lay_v by_o the_o king_n be_v antiqua_fw-la and_o rect_v a_o consuetudo_fw-la warrant_v and_o approve_v by_o the_o great_a charter_n second_o albeit_o king_n edw._n 1._o by_o act_n or_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n of_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la make_v in_o anno_fw-la 25._o of_o his_o reign_n do_v release_v the_o maletolt_n of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n and_o do_v grant_v for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n that_o he_o will_v take_v no_o such_o thing_n without_o the_o assent_n and_o good_a will_n of_o the_o commons_o that_o word_n such_o do_v not_o absolute_o bind_v the_o king_n prerog._n that_o he_o shall_v lay_v no_o imposition_n at_o all_o for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v intend_v such_o in_o quantity_n such_o in_o excess_n for_o foury_a shilling_n at_o that_o time_n be_v as_o much_o as_o six_o pound_n at_o this_o day_n which_o the_o scarcity_n of_o money_n in_o those_o day_n be_v consider_v and_o compare_v with_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n at_o this_o day_n may_v then_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o great_a burden_n and_o yet_o this_o strong_a band_n do_v not_o bind_v k._n ed._n 3._o his_o grandchild_n but_o that_o notwithstanding_o this_o charter_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n he_o take_v these_o thing_n in_o great_a quantity_n sometime_o forty_o shilling_n sometime_o fifty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n when_o the_o philistine_n come_v upon_o he_o that_o be_v when_o the_o war_n of_o france_n and_o other_o urgent_a occasion_n do_v press_v he_o to_o it_o as_o to_o the_o other_o article_n contain_v in_o the_o act_n or_o charter_n of_o 25_o edw._n 3._o where_o it_o be_v say_v the_o people_n do_v fear_v leave_v the_o aid_n and_o tax_n grant_v of_o their_o good_a will_n to_o the_o king_n may_v turn_v to_o a_o bondage_n to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n when_o the_o same_o in_o time_n to_o come_v shall_v be_v find_v in_o the_o roll_n and_o the_o king_n do_v grant_v for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n that_o he_o will_v not_o draw_v such_o aid_n and_o tax_n into_o a_o custom_n that_o act_n in_o this_o point_n restrain_v not_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o set_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n for_o it_o speak_v only_o of_o aid_n and_o tax_n willing_o grant_v by_o the_o people_n in_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o i_o marvel_v that_o this_o article_n be_v ever_o object_v or_o use_v as_o a_o argument_n against_o imposition_n and_o whereâ—â—_z the_o king_n do_v grant_v that_o such_o aid_n shall_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o a_o custom_n such_o word_n be_v usual_a in_o the_o preamble_n of_o act_n of_o subsidy_n where_o the_o grant_n be_v large_a and_o extraordinary_a viz._n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o a_o example_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v a_o precedent_n in_o future_a time_n and_o yet_o succeed_a parliament_n have_v not_o forbear_v to_o grant_v as_o large_a subsidy_n as_o former_o be_v grant_v three_o the_o statute_n of_o 14_o edw._n 3._o cap._n 12._o do_v rather_o maintain_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o this_o case_n than_o any_o way_n impugn_v or_o impeach_v it_o for_o by_o that_o law_n free_a passage_n be_v grant_v to_o all_o merchant_n pay_v the_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o profit_n thereof_o reasonable_o due_a now_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o all_o duty_n payable_a to_o the_o king_n for_o merchandize_n be_v of_o three_o kind_n only_o custom_n which_o be_v these_o ancient_a and_o certain_a duty_n wherein_o the_o crown_n have_v no_o inheritance_n as_o be_v before_o express_v subsidy_n which_o be_v grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o imposition_n which_o be_v raise_v from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n only_o we_o find_v not_o a_o four_o kind_n and_o therefore_o the_o word_n profit_n must_v needs_o be_v take_v for_o imposition_n four_o the_o statue_n of_o 11_o rich._n 2_o cap._n 9_o though_o it_o provide_v in_o express_a term_n that_o no_o imposition_n or_o charge_n be_v lay_v upon_o wool_n wool-fell_n or_o leather_n other_o than_o the_o custom_n or_o subsidy_n grant_v in_o that_o parliament_n yet_o it_o save_v always_o to_o the_o king_n his_o ancient_a right_n this_o be_v as_o turbulent_a a_o parliament_n as_o ever_o be_v hold_v in_o england_n and_o yet_o be_v the_o king_n right_o acknowledge_v though_o the_o unruly_a lord_n and_o commons_o do_v in_o a_o manner_n force_v his_o assent_n to_o limit_v his_o prerogative_n at_o that_o time_n last_o if_o these_o act_n have_v absolute_o bind_v the_o king_n prerogative_n and_o have_v be_v observe_v literal_o and_o punctual_o until_o this_o time_n the_o king_n shall_v only_o have_v have_v at_o this_o day_n the_o demy_a mark_n for_o our_o own_o staple_n ware_n and_o perhaps_o the_o three_o penny_n custom_n for_o foreign_a commodity_n and_o no_o more_o what_o a_o inconvenience_n what_o a_o absurdity_n have_v this_o be_v at_o this_o day_n when_o all_o foreign_a prince_n have_v raise_v their_o custom_n to_o a_o exceed_a height_n when_o as_o i_o have_v note_v before_o the_o necessary_a expense_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v so_o much_o increase_v when_o the_o prize_n of_o all_o commodity_n be_v so_o much_o enhance_v when_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n when_o the_o king_n revenue_n within_o the_o land_n be_v so_o much_o improve_v be_v it_o fit_a that_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n shall_v stand_v at_o a_o stay_n and_o keep_v the_o old_a rate_n without_o augmentation_n chap._n xxx_o the_o five_o objection_n that_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n be_v never_o take_v but_o when_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v by_o parliament_n fiftly_o it_o be_v object_v 5_o that_o the_o subsidy_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n be_v never_o take_v by_o any_o king_n of_o england_n but_o when_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n say_v they_o that_o the_o king_n can_v never_o take_v those_o duty_n but_o by_o his_o absolute_a power_n for_o if_o his_o prerogative_n can_v have_v impose_v those_o rate_n of_o itself_o what_o need_n be_v there_o of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n why_o shall_v the_o king_n have_v expect_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o commons_o cum_fw-la dominus_fw-la eis_fw-la opus_fw-la habet_fw-la and_o when_o the_o exchequer_n be_v so_o empty_a as_o the_o jewel_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v lay_v to_o pawn_v by_o some_o of_o those_o king_n who_o be_v glad_a to_o take_v these_o subsidy_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n chap._n xxxi_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o five_o objection_n the_o answer_n to_o this_o objection_n object_n be_v twofold_a first_o
upon_o salt_n amount_v to_o a_o exceed_a great_a revenue_n the_o impost_n of_o wine_n upon_o every_o vessel_n carry_v into_o any_o wall_a town_n or_o suburb_n thereof_o and_o payable_a although_o it_o be_v transport_v thence_o again_o before_o it_o be_v sell_v la_o halt_fw-fr passage_n or_o de_fw-fr main_a foreign_a for_o merchandize_n export_v le_fw-fr traject_n forrene_a for_o merchandize_n import_v la_o solid_a de_fw-fr cinquant_n mil_fw-mi holme_fw-fr impose_v upon_o city_n and_o wall_a town_n and_o the_o suburb_n only_o and_o after_o lay_v upon_o town_n and_o country_n without_o distinction_n the_o common_a position_n for_o provision_n the_o tenth_o pay_v by_o all_o ecclesiastical_a person_n these_o and_o other_o imposition_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n be_v lay_v and_o levy_v upon_o the_o subject_n of_o france_n by_o the_o absolute_a power_n and_o prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n and_o though_o many_o of_o these_o be_v impose_v at_o first_o upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n and_o set_v but_o for_o a_o time_n yet_o the_o succeed_a prince_n have_v continue_v they_o from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o the_o most_o part_n of_o they_o make_v ordinary_a and_o perpetual_a by_o king_n lewis_n the_o 11._o who_o be_v wont_a to_o say_v france_n be_v a_o meadow_n which_o he_o can_v have_v mow_v as_o often_o as_o he_o please_v in_o spain_n there_o be_v a_o imposition_n imposition_n name_v alcavala_n impose_v as_o well_o upon_o the_o nobility_n as_o the_o commons_o which_o be_v first_o raise_v by_o alphonsus_n the_o 12._o to_o expel_v the_o moor_n and_o for_o the_o expurgation_n of_o algiers_n but_o afterwards_o it_o was_v make_v perpetual_a and_o be_v now_o a_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n gutturis_fw-la de_fw-la gabellis_fw-la quaest._n 174_o 174._o this_o imposition_n be_v at_o first_o but_o the_o twenty_o part_n but_o afterwrds_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o ten_o of_o every_o man_n estate_n which_o do_v far_o surmount_v the_o high_a imposition_n that_o ever_o be_v lay_v in_o england_n by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n this_o alcavala_n be_v a_o imposition_n within_o the_o land_n but_o the_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n export_v and_o import_v be_v far_o high_o especial_o upon_o merchant_n stranger_n for_o their_o common_a imposition_n upon_o stranger_n be_v five_o part_n upon_o the_o hundred_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1604_o they_o impose_v thirty_o of_o the_o hundred_o as_o be_v before_o declare_v and_o upon_o the_o ingate_n of_o indian_a spice_n into_o portugal_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n do_v lay_v the_o great_a rate_n that_o ever_o be_v set_v in_o christendom_n although_o upon_o the_o outgate_n the_o rate_n be_v more_o moderate_a in_o italy_n the_o imposition_n and_o gabelle_n set_v upon_o every_o kind_n of_o thing_n by_o the_o state_n and_o prince_n there_o be_v intolerable_a and_o innumerable_a non_fw-la mihi_fw-la si_fw-la centum_fw-la linguae_fw-la sunt_fw-la oraque_fw-la centum_fw-la ferrea_fw-la vox_fw-la italorum_fw-la omnes_fw-la numerare_fw-la gabellas_fw-la cunct_v a_o gabellarum_fw-la percurrere_fw-la nomina_fw-la possem_fw-la especial_o upon_o the_o great_a town_n and_o territory_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n imposition_n where_o there_o be_v not_o any_o root_n nor_o any_o herb_n nor_o the_o least_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o life_n of_o man_n that_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v or_o bring_v into_o any_o town_n but_o there_o be_v a_o gabell_n or_o imposition_n set_v upon_o it_o where_o no_o inn-holder_n baker_n brewer_n or_o artificer_n can_v exercise_v his_o trade_n but_o the_o great_a duke_n will_v share_v with_o he_o in_o his_o gain_n by_o lay_v some_o imposition_n upon_o he_o where_o no_o man_n can_v travel_v by_o land_n or_o by_o water_n but_o at_o every_o bridge_n at_o every_o ferry_n at_o every_o wharf_n or_o key_n at_o every_o gate_n of_o a_o town_n the_o garbellor_n arrest_v he_o and_o be_v ready_a to_o strip_v he_o naked_a to_o search_v what_o good_n he_o have_v about_o he_o for_o which_o he_o ought_v to_o pay_v the_o garbell_n in_o the_o pope_n territory_n the_o imposition_n pope_n which_o his_o holiness_n do_v lay_v upon_o his_o subject_n as_o a_o temporal_a prince_n be_v as_o many_o and_o as_o heavy_a as_o those_o that_o be_v levy_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o tuscany_n in_o so_o much_o as_o when_o sixtus_n quintus_n quintus_fw-la have_v set_v a_o imposition_n upon_o every_o thing_n that_o serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n life_n pasquil_n make_v haste_n to_o dry_v his_o shirt_n in_o the_o sun_n fear_v the_o pope_n will_v set_v some_o imposition_n upon_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n miastingo_fw-la say_v he_o in_o the_o 16._o sole_fw-la sevenda_fw-la i_o omit_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o exaction_n of_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n in_o another_o kind_n which_o be_v infinite_a and_o which_o long_o lie_v heavy_a upon_o the_o western_a country_n of_o christendom_n until_o of_o late_a year_n some_o nation_n do_v free_v themselves_o thereof_o by_o reject_v the_o yoke_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o signiory_n of_o venice_n venice_n the_o gabelle_n upon_o the_o land_n be_v more_o moderate_a than_o in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o italy_n but_o that_o city_n be_v the_o lady_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n do_v use_n by_o prescription_n a_o high_a prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o all_o merchandize_n arrive_v within_o the_o gulf_n civitas_fw-la venetiorum_fw-la say_v baltholus_n baltholus_n potest_fw-la pro_fw-la maritmeis_fw-la mercibus_fw-la gabellas_fw-la imponere_fw-la quia_fw-la est_fw-la civitas_fw-la in_fw-la mari_fw-la situata_fw-la and_o veneti_n say_v baldus_n baidus_fw-la ex_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la sunt_fw-la domini_fw-la maris_fw-la adriatici_fw-la et_fw-la possunt_fw-la statuere_fw-la super_fw-la gabellis_fw-la maris_fw-la wherein_o they_o observe_v a_o profitable_a and_o politic_a course_n for_o upon_o the_o commodity_n of_o other_o nation_n which_o be_v of_o good_n in_o their_o commonwealth_n they_o lie_v the_o easy_a imposition_n sometime_o five_o sometime_o seven_o sometime_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o which_o do_v exceed_v the_o high_a imposition_n in_o england_n five_o in_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o least_o in_o the_o low_a country_n the_o imposition_n country_n which_o they_o call_v excize_n pay_v by_o the_o retaylor_n of_o wine_n and_o other_o commodity_n and_o not_o by_o the_o merchant_n be_v the_o high_a in_o christendom_n and_o yet_o we_o perceive_v that_o people_n to_o thrive_v and_o grow_v rich_a withal_o for_o a_o improve_v high_a rent_n do_v so_o quicken_v the_o industry_n of_o the_o farmer_n as_o he_o thrive_v oftentimes_o better_a than_o his_o neighbour_n who_o be_v a_o freeholder_n and_o pay_v no_o rent_n at_o all_o howbeit_o to_o draw_v trade_n and_o to_o invite_v all_o nation_n to_o commerce_n with_o they_o and_o so_o to_o make_v their_o country_n a_o staple_n store_n house_n or_o magazine_n of_o all_o europe_n they_o do_v set_v but_o easy_a rate_n upon_o merchandize_n import_v but_o when_o they_o once_o have_v get_v their_o commodity_n in_o to_o their_o hand_n if_o any_o merchant_n will_v export_v the_o same_o again_o he_o shall_v pay_v a_o great_a custom_n the_o grand_a signior_n of_o turkey_n turkey_n do_v impose_v sometime_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o sometime_o twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o upon_o merchant_n stranger_n who_o trade_n into_o the_o levant_n and_o i_o can_v speak_v of_o his_o other_o exaction_n and_o imposition_n upon_o his_o vassal_n but_o that_o i_o think_v it_o not_o meet_v to_o compare_v that_o region_n tyrant_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n of_o christendom_n i_o may_v remember_v at_o last_o the_o great_a toll_n which_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n denmark_n take_v of_o every_o ship_n that_o pass_v into_o the_o sound_n take_v advantage_n of_o a_o narrow_a straight_o between_o elsmore_n and_o copman_n haven_n whereas_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v the_o undoubted_a lord_n of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n between_o dover_n and_o calais_n may_v take_v the_o like_a toll_n if_o it_o please_v he_o and_o by_o the_o same_o right_n may_v participate_v of_o the_o great_a gain_n of_o fish_v which_o the_o buss_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n do_v make_v yearly_a upon_o the_o coast_n of_o great_a britain_n thus_o we_o see_v by_o this_o comparison_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v lay_v but_o his_o little_a finger_n upon_o his_o subject_n when_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n do_v lay_v theâ—â—_z heavy_a loin_n upon_o their_o people_n whâ—â—â—â—â—the_o reason_n of_o this_o difference_n froâ—â—â—hence_o come_v it_o assure_o not_o from_o a_o different_a power_n or_o prerogative_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v as_o absolute_a a_o monarch_n as_o any_o emperor_n or_o king_n in_o the_o world_n and_o have_v as_o many_o prerogative_n incident_a to_o his_o crown_n whence_o then_o proceed_v it_o to_o what_o profitable_a cause_n may_v we_o ascribe_v it_o certain_o to_o divers_a cause_n profitable_a and_o