Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	act_n	ireland_n	kingdom_n	3,111	5	6.2619	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A28468	Nomo-lexikon, a law-dictionary interpreting such difficult and obscure words and terms as are found either in our common or statute, ancient or modern lawes : with references to the several statutes, records, registers, law-books, charters, ancient deeds, and manuscripts, wherein the words are used : and etymologies, where they properly occur / by Thomas Blount of the Inner Temple, Esq.	Blount, Thomas, 1618-1679.	1670 (1670)	Wing B3340; ESTC R19028	517,540	312

quando aliquod super Dominum Regem injuste occupatur ut in Dominicis Regis vel in viis publicis obstructis vel in aquis publicis transversis a recto cursu vel quando aliquis in civitate super regiam plateam aliquid aedificando occupaverit generaliter quoties aliquid fit ad nocumentum Regii Tenementi vel Regii viae vel Civitatis And by Crompton in his Juris fol. 152. thus Pourpresture is properly when a Man takes to himself or encroaches any thing which he ought not whether it be in any Jurisdiction Land or Franchise and generally when any thing is done to the Nusance of the Kings Tenants See Kitchin fol. 10. And Manwood par 1. pag. 269. Par. 2. cap. 10. Some Authors make three sorts of this offence one against the King the second against the Lord of the Fee the third against a Neighbor by a Neighbor● See 2 Inst fol. 38. 272. Pour seis●r terres la femme que tient en Dower c. Was a Writ whereby the King seised the Land which the Wife of his Tenant in Capite deceased had for her Dowry if she married without his leave and was grounded on the Statute of the Kings Prerogative cap. 3. See Fitz. Nat. Br. fol. 174. Poursuivant from the Fr. Poursuivre i. Agere persequi Signifies the Messenger of the King attending upon Him in Wars or at the Council Table or Exchequer or in His Court or at His Chamber to be sent upon any occasion or message as for the apprehension of a party accused or suspected of any offence Those that are used in Marshal Causes are called Pursuivants at Arms whereof there are four of special names which see in the word Herald Stow speaking of Richard the Third his end hath these words pag. 784. His Body was naked to the Skin not so much as one Clout about him and was trussed behinde a Pursuivant at Arms like a Hog or a Calf c. Pourveyor Provisor from the Fr. Pourvoire Providere Prospicere Signifies an Officer of the King or Queen that provides Corn and other Victual for their House Mentioned in Magna Charta cap. 22. and other Statutes but the Office is restrained by Stat. 12. Car. 2. cap. 24. See Pourveyance and Achat Pourveyance Fr. Pourvoyance Is the providing Corn Fuel Victual and other necessaries for the Kings House By Stat. 12 Car. 2. cap. 24. it is provided That no person or persons vp any Warrant Commission or Authority under the Great Seal or otherwise by colour of buying or making provision or Purveyance for His Majesty or any Quéen of England for the time being or that shall be or for His their or any of their Houshold shall take any Timber Fuel Cattle Corn Grain Malt Hay Straw Uictual Cart Carriage or other thing whatsoever of any the Subjects of His Majesty His Heirs or Successors without the full and frée consent of the owner or owners thereof had and obtained without Menace or Enforcement c. See The Antiquity of Praeemption and Pourueyance c. And 3 Inst fol. 82. Power of the County Posse Comitatus According to Lambert in his Eiren. lib. 3. cap. 1. fol. 309. co 〈…〉 in s the Aid and Attendance of all Knights Gentlemen Yeomen Laborers Servants Apprentises and Villains and of other young Men above the age of fifteen within the County because all of that age are bound to have Harness by the Statute of Winchester But Women Ecclesiastical Persons and such as are decrepit or labor with any continual infirmity shall not be compelled to attend For the Stat. 2 Hen. 5. cap. 8. says That persons able to travel shall be assistant in this service which is used where a Possession is kept upon a forcible Entry or any force or rescue used contrary to the Command of the Kings Writ or in opposition to the execution of Justice Powldavis See Poledavis Poynings Law Is an Act of Parliament made in Ireland by Henry the Seventh and so called because Sir Edward Poynings was Lieutenant there when it was made whereby all the Statutes in England were made of force in Ireland which before that time were not neither are a●y now in force there which were made in England since that time See Cokes 12 Rep. fol. 109. Hill 10 Jac. Pray in Ayd See Ayd Pratum falcabile A Meadow or Mowingground Jur. dicunt quod praedicta placea a tempore quo Fuit Pratum falcabile usque ad praedictum annum quod praedictus W. illud aravit Trin. 18 Edw. 1. in Banco Rot. 50. Prebend Praebenda Is the Portion which every Member or Canon of a Cathedral Church receives in right of his place for his maintenance Canonica Portio is properly used for that share which every Canon or Prebendary receives yearly out of the common stock of the Church and Praebenda is a several Benefice rising from some Temporal Land or Church appropriated towards the maintenance of a Clerk or Member of a Collegiat Church as the Prebends of Keyton and Coupes at Maldon and is commonly sirnamed of the place whence the profit arises Prebends are either Simple or with Dignity Simple Prebends are those that have no more but the Revenue towards their maintenance Prebends with Dignity are such as have some Jurisdiction annexed to them according to the divers Orders in every several Church Of this see more in the Decretals tit De Praebendis Dignitat Praebenda Was also in old Deeds used for Provender See Corody Prebendary Praebendarius Is he that hath such a Prebend so called a Praebendo auxilium consilium Episcopo Precariae Days works which the Tenants of some Mannors are bound to give the Lord in Harvest which in some places are corruptly called Bind days for Biden days from the Sax. Bidan to pray or intreat Baldwinus una bovata pro ii s. Dimd ii Gallinas xx Ova iv Precarias in Autumpno cum uno homine bis arare bis herciare semel falcare semel foenum levare c. Mon Angl. 2 par fol. 539. a. See Bederepe Prece partium Is when a Sute is continued by the Prayer Assent or Agreement of both Parties Anno 13 Edw. 1. cap. 27. Precept Praeceptum Is commonly taken for a Commandment in Writing sent out by a Justice of Peace or other-like Officer for the bringing a Person or Records before him of which you have example of divers in the Table of the Register Judicial And sometimes for the command or provocation whereby one Man incites another to commit Felony Theft or Murder Stamf. Pl. Cor. fol. 105. Bracton lib. 3. tract 2. cap. 19. calls it Praeceptum or Mandatum whence we may observe three diversities of offending in Murder Praeceptum Fortia Consilium Praeceptum being the instigation used before hand Fortia the Assistance in the Fact as helping to binde the party murdered or robbed Consilium advise either before or in the Deed. Praceptories Praeceptoriae Anno

by Hen. 2. Anno 1158. This year the King altered his Coyn abrogating certain peeces called Basels Hollinsh pag. 67. Baselard or Basillard In the Stat. 12 R. 2. cap. 6. signifies a Weapon which Mr. Speight in his Exposition upon C●aucer calls Pugionem vel sicam Bastard Bastardus from the British Bastardd i. nothus Is he or she that is born of any Woman not married so that the Childes Father is not known by the order of Law and therefore is called Filius Populi Cui pater est populus pater est sibi nullus omnis Cui pater est populus non habet ipse patrem Such Bastard cannot inherit Land as Heir to his Father nor can any person inherit Land as Heir to him but one that is Heir of his Body Littl. Sect. 401. If the Childe be begotten by him that does marry her after the Childes Birth yet it is in Judgment of Law a Bastard though the Church holds it legitimate Stat. 20 Hen. 3 9. and 1 Hen. 6. 3. Coke on Littl. 244. If a Man take a Wife who is great with Childe by another who was not her Husband it shall be said the Childe and may be the Heir of the Husband though it were born but one day after the Espousals solemnized If one marry a Woman and die before night and never Bed her and she have a Childe after it seems it shall be accounted his Childe and Legitimate See the English Lawyer 117. If a Man or Woman marry a second Wife or Husband the first being living and have issue by that second Wife or Husband such issue is a Bastard 39 Edw. 3. 14. 7 Hen. 4. 49. 18 Edw 4. 26. If a Woman elope with a Stranger and hath a Childe by him her Husband being infra quatuor maria this is Legitimate and shall inherit the Husbands Land 44 Edw. 3. 10. 7 Hen 4. 10. The punishment of the Mother and reputed Father of a Bastard Anno 18 Eliz. cap. 3. He that gets a Bastard in the Hundred of Middleton in Com. Kent forfeits all his Goods and Chattels to the King M S. de temp Edw. 3. Before the Statute 2 3 Edw. 6. cap. 21. one was adjudged a Bastard Quia filius Sacerdotis Int. Plac. de temp Joh. Reg. Lincoln 42. Bastardy Fr. Bastardage Signifies a defect of Birth objected to one born out of Wedlock Bracton lib. 5. cap. 19. How Bastardy is to be proved or to be enquired into if it be pleaded See Rastals Entries tit Bastardy fol. 104. And the Stat. 9 Hen. 6. cap. 11. Kitchin fol. 64. mentions Bastardy Special and Bastardy General The difference whereof is That Bastardy General is a Certificate from the Bishop of the Diocess to the Kings Justices after such enquiry made that the party enquired of is a Bastard or not a Bastard upon some question of Inheritance Bastardy Special is a Suit commenced in the Kings Court against him that calls another Bastard so termed because Bastardy is the principal case in tryal and no inheritance contended for Whereby it appears that in both these significations Bastardy is rather taken for an examination or tryal whether a Mans Birth be defective or illegitimate than for Bastardy it self See Brook tit Bastardy and Dr. Ridleys Book pag. 203 204. Baston Fr. A Staff Club or Cowlstaff But in our Statutes it signifies one of the Warden of the Fleets Servants or Officers who attends the Kings Courts with a Red Staff for taking such to Ward as are committed by the Court Anno 1 Rich. 2. cap. 12. 5 Eliz. cap. 23. See Tifstaff Batable Ground Was the Land lying between England and Scotland heretofore in question when they were distinct Kingdoms to which it belonged Anno 23 Hen. 8. cap. 6. and 32 Ejusdem cap. 6. As if we should say Litigious or Debatable Ground for by that name Skene calls Ground that is in Debate or Controversie betwixt two Cam. Brit. tit Cumberland Battel Fr. Battaile Signifies a Tryal by Combat The manner whereof being long full of Ceremonies and now difused we must refer you to Glanvile lib. 2. cap. 3 4 5. Bracton lib. 3. tract 2. cap. 21. fol. 140. Britton cap. 22. Smith de Rep. Angl. lib. 2. cap. 7. and lib. 3. c. 3. Coke on Littl. fol. 294. And on Westm 1. fol. 247. See Combat Battery from the Fr. Batre i. to strike or Sax. batte i. fustis Is a violent striking or beating a Man who in regard it tends to the breach of the Peace may therefore either indict the other party whereby he is Fineable to the King or have his Action of Trespass of Assault and Battery against him for every Battery implies an Assault and recover so much in Costs and Damages as the Jury will give him which Action will lie as well before as after the Indictment But if the Plaintiff made the first assault then the Defendant shall be quit and the Plaintiff shall be amerced to the King for his false Suit In some Case a Man may justifie the beating another in a moderate manner as the Parent his Childe the Master his Servant or Apprentice c. This the Civilians call Injuriam personalem Batus Sax. bat A Boat And Batellus a little Boat Concessit etiam idem Hugo Wake pro se Hered suis quod praedictus Abbas Successores sui Ecclesia sua de Croyland habeant tres Batellos in Harnolt c. Charta Edw. 1. 20 ●ulii 18 Regni See Libera Batella Bay or Pen Is a Pond-head made up of a great height to keep in store of Water so that the Wheels of the Furnace or Hammer belonging to an Iron Mill may be driven by the Water coming thence through a Passage or Flood-gate called the penstock Also a Harbor where Ships ride at Sea near some Port. The word is mentioned Anno 27 Eliz. cap. 19. Beacon from the Sax. Beacen i. signum vel symbolum Anno 8 Eliz. cap. 13. is well known Hence Beaconage Money paid towards the maintenance of a Beacon and we still use the word to becken from the Saxon beacnian to nod unto or signifie See the Statute 5 Hen. 4. And Dors Pat. 28 Hen. 6. par 2. m. 21. Pro signis Anglicè Beacons Vigiliis Bede or Bead Sax. Bead a Prayer so that to say Ones Beads is to say Ones Prayers They were most in use before Printing when poor people could not go to the charge of a Manuscript Prayer-Book These are mentioned in 27 Hen. 8. cap. 26. and 3 Jao cap. 5. Bearding alias Barding of Wool See Clack Bearors Justices of Assie shall enquire bear and determine of Mainteynors Bearors and Conspirators and of those that commit Champarti c. Anno 4 Edw. 3. cap. 11. such as bear down or oppress others maintainers Beasts of Chase Ferae Campestres Are five the Buck the Doe the Fox Martron and Roc. Manwood 1 Part. pag. 342. and 2 Part. cap. 4. num 2. Beasts of the Forest Ferae

Sciatis me dedisse Willielmo filio Radulphi de Filungele pro homagio servicio suo propter Duellum quod fecit pro me Duas virgatus terrae Sine Dat. M. S. penes Will. Dugdale Ar. Duke Lat. Dux Fr. Duc Signified among the ancient Romans Ductorem exercitus such as Led their Armies Since which they were called Duces to whom the King committed the Custody or Regiment of any Province In some Nations at this day the Soveraigns of the Country are called by this Name as Duke of Russia Duke of Savoy c. In England Duke is the next in Secular Dignity to the Prince of Wales And as Camden says Heretofore in the Saxons time were called Dukes without any addition being ineer Officers and Leaders of Armies After the Conqueror came in there were none of this Title till Edward the Thirds dayes who made Edward his Son Duke of Cornwal after which there were more made in such sort as their Titles descended to their Posterity They were created with Solemnity per cincturam gladii Cappaeque circuli aurei in Capite impositionem Vide Cam. Britan. p. 166. Zazium de feudis pa. 4. Num. 7. Cassan de Consuetud Burg. pa. 6 10. And Ferns Glory of generosity pa. 136. Dutchy-Court Is a Court wherein all matters appertaining to the Dutchy or County-Palatine of Lancaster are decided by the decree of the Chancelor of that Court the Original of it was in Henry the Fourths days who obtaining the Crown by Deposing Richard the Second and having the Dutchy of Lancaster by Descent in Right of his Mother was seized thereof as King and not as Duke So that all the Liberties Franchises and Jurisdictions of the said Dutchy passed from the King by his Great Seal and not by Livery or Atturnement as the Possessions of Everwick the Earldom of March and such others did which had descended to the King by other Ancestors then the Kings But at last Henry the Fourth by Authority of Parliament passed a Charter whereby the Posessions Liberties c. of the said Dutcky were sever'd from the Crown yet Henry the Seventh reduced it to its former nature as it was in Henry the Fifths days Crom. Jur. fol. 136. The Officers belonging to this Court are the Chancellour Atturney Receiver-General Clerk of the Court Messenger Besides which there are certain Assistants as one Atturney in the Exchequer one Atturney of the Dutchy in Chancery four Persons learned in the Law retained of Councel with the King in the said Court whereof Gwin in Preface to his Readings speaks thus It grew out of the grant of King Edward the Third who gave that Dutchy to his Son John of Gant and endowed it with such Royal Right as the County Palatine of Chester had And for as much as it was afterward extinct in the Person of King Henry the Fourth by reason of the Union of it with the Crown the same King suspecting himself to be more rightfully Duke of Lancaster then King of England determined to save his Right in the Dutchy whatever should befall the Kingdom and therefore he separated the Dutchy from the Crown and setled it so in the natural Persons of Himself and his Heires as if he had been no King or Politic Body at all In which condition it continued during the Reign of Henry the Fifth and Henry the Sixth that descended from him But when Henry the Fourth had by recovery of the Crown recontinued the Right of the House of York he feared not to appropriate that Dutchy to the Crown again yet so that he suffer'd the Court and Officers to remain as he found them In which manner it came together with the Crown to Henry the Seventh who liking well of Henry the Fourths Policy by whose Right also he obtained the Kingdom made a like separation of the Dutchy and so left it to His Posterity who still injoy it Cowel Dum fuit infra aetatem Is a Writ which lies for him who before he came to full age made a Feoffment of his Land to recover it again from the Vendee Fitz. Nat. Br. fol. 192. Dum non fuit compos mentis He who being not of found Memory and Aliens any Lands or Tenements may have this Writ against the Alience Fitz. Nat. Brev. fol. 202. Duplicat Is used by Crompton for a second Letters Patent granted by the Lord Chancellour in a Case wherein he had formerly done the same and was therefore thought void Crom. Jurisd fol. 215. Also a second Letter written and sent to the same party and purpose as a former for fear of a miscarriage of the first or for other reason is called a Duplicat The word is used 14 Car. 2. ca. 10. Duress Duritia Is where one is kept in Prison or restrained of his Liberty contrary to the Order of Law or threatned to be kill'd maym'd or beaten And if such person so in Prison or in fear of such Threats make any Specialty or Obligation by reason of such Imprisonment or Threats such Deed is void in Law and in an Action brought upon such Specialty the Party may Plead That it was made by Duresse and so avoid the Action Broke in his Abridgment joyneth Dures and Manasse together i. duritiam minas hardship and threatnings Dyke-reeve A Bailiff or Officer that has the care and over-sight of the Dykes and Draines in Deeping-Fens c. mentioned Anno 16 17 Car. 2. ca. 11. E. EAlderman or Ealdorman Aldermannus Among the Saxons was as much as Earl among the Danes Cam. Britan. pa. 107. Also an Elder Senator or States-Man and at this day we call them Aldermen who are Associates to the Chief Officer in the Common-Councel of a City or Borough-Town 24 H. 8. ca. 13. Sometimes the Chief Officer himself is so called See Alderman Earl Sax. Eorl Comes This Title in ancient times was given to those who were Affociates to the King in his Councels and Martial-Actions And the manner of their Investiture into that Dignity was Por cincturam gladio Comitatus without any Formal Charter of Creation See Mr. Dugdales Warwickshire fol. 302. But the Conquerour as Camden notes gave this Dignity in Fee to His Nobles annexing it to this or that County or Province and allotted them for their Maintenance a certain proportion of Money arising from the Princes Profits for the Pleadings and Forfeitures of the Provinces For example he brings an ancient Record in these words Henricus 2. Rex Angliae bis verbis Comitem creavit Sciatis nos fecisse Hugonem Bigot Comitem de Norf. c. de tertio denario de Norwic. Northfolk sicut aliquis Comes Angliae liberius Comitatum suum tenet About the Reign of King John and ever since our Kings have made Earles by their Charter of this or that County Province or City but of late giving them no Authority over the County nor any part of the Profits arising by it onely some Annual Fee out of the

if a Feme waved See Exigent Quinzime See Quinsieme Quiteclaim Quieta clamantia Is a Release or Acquitting a Man for any Action that he hath or may have A quitting of ones Claim or Title Bracton lib. 5. tract 5. cap. 9. num 9. and Lib 4. tract 6. cap. 13. num 1. Quit-rent Quietus Redditus Quasi Quiet-rent is a certain small Rent payable yearly by the Tenants of most Mannors which when paid the Tenant is quiet and free till it becomes due again This in some ancient Records is written White-rent because paid in Silver Quod ei Deforceat Is a Writ that lies for the Tenant in Tail Tenant in Dower or Tenant for Life against him that entred or took away their Land recovered or against his Heir See Brook hoc tit Reg. of Writs fol. 171. and Westm 2. cap. 4. Quod Clerici non eligantur in Officio Balivi c. Is a Writ that lies for a Clerk who by reason of some Land he hath is made or like to be made either Bailiff Bedel or Reeve or some such like Officer See Clerico infra sacros c. And Regist of Writs fol. 187. Quod permittat Is a Writ that lies for the heir of him that is disseised of his Common of Pasture against the heir of the Disseisor being dead Briton cap. 8. says This Writ lies for him whose Ancestor died seised of Common of Pasture or other like thing annexed to his Inheritance against the Deforceor See Brook hoc tit and New Book of Entries Quod Clerici beneficiati de Cancellaria Is a Writ to exempt a Clerk of the Chancery from contributing towards the Proctors of the Clergy in Parliament Regist of Writs fol. 261 a. Quod persona nec Prebendarii c. Is a Writ that lies for Spiritual Persons that are distrained in their Spiritual Possessions for the payment of a Fifteenth with the rest of the Parish Fitz. Nat. Br. fol. 176. Quod non permittat See Consuetudinibus Servitiis Quo jure Is a Writ that lies for him who hath Land wherein another challengeth Common of Pasture time out of minde and it is to compel him to shew by what title he so challenges it Fitz. Nat. Br. fol. 128. and Britton cap. 59. at large Quo minus Is a Writ that lies for him who hath a grant of House-bote and Hay-bote in another Mans Woods against the Grantor making such Waste as the Grantee cannot enjoy his Grant Old Nat. Br. fol. 148. and Kitchin fol. 178. This Writ also lieth for the Kings Farmer in the Exchequer against him to whom he sells any thing by way of Bargain touching his Farm or who oweth him any Money or against whom he hath any cause of Personal Action Perkins Grants 5. For he supposeth by the Vendees detaining any due from him he is made less able to pay the King Rent Under which pretence any one who pays the King a Fee-farm Rent may have this Writ against any other person for any debt or damage and bring the Cause to tryal in the Exchequer Quo Warranto Is a Writ that lies against him who usurps any Franchise or Liberty against the King as to have Waiff Stray Fair Market Court-Baron Leet or such like without good Title Old Nat. Br. fol. 149. or else against him that intrudes himself as heir into Land Bracton lib. 4. tract 1. cap. 2. num 3. And 18 Edw. 1. stat 2 3. And 30 Ejusdem See also the New Book of Entries Quorum Is a word often mentioned in our Statutes and much used in Commissions both of Justices of the Peace and others As for example where a Commission is directed to five persons or to any three of them whereof A. B. and C. D. to be two in this Case A. B. and C. D. are said to be of the Quorum because the rest cannot proceed without them So a Justice of the Peace and Quorum is one without whom the rest of the Justices in some cases cannot proceed Anno 3 Hen. 7. cap. 3. And 32 Hen. 8. cap. 43. Quyke Was anciently used for a Live or Quick Beast John Bracebrige of Kinnersbury Esq in his Will dated 7 Hen. 8. Ordained That his best Quyke should be taken in the name of his Mortuary R. RAchetum alias Rachatum from the Fr. Rachater or Racheter i. Redimere Theifbote the Compensation or Redemption of a Theif Nullus capiat Rachetum hoc est Theifbute de Latrocinio 1 Stat. Rob. R. Scot. cap. 9. Rack Fidiculae sic dict quia eis rei in eculeo torquentur ut fides inveniatur An Engin in the Tower with Cords and Strings to extort Confession from Delinquents John Holland Earl of Huntingdon was by King Henry the Sixth created Duke of Exeter Anno 16 H. 6. the King granted to him the Office of Constableship of the Tower He and William de la Poole Duke of Suffolk and others intended to have brought in the Civil Laws For a beginning whereof the Duke of Exeter being Constable of the Tower first brought into the Tower the Rack or Brake allowed in many Cases by the Civil Law and thereupon it was called The Duke of Exeters Daughter because he first brought it thither 3 Inst fol. 35. Rack-vintage Anno 32 Hen. 8. cap. 14. Is a second Vintage or Voyage for Wines by our Merchants into France c. for Rack'd Wines that is Wines drawn from the Lees. from this Voyage our Merchants commonly return about the end of December or beginning of January Rad Knights See Rod Knights Radechenistres i. Liberi homines Domesday tit Leofminstre Lempster Ibi erant 8 Praepositi 8 Bedelli 8 Radechenistres 238 Villani 75 Bordarii c. Radman Domesday tit Herefscire 15 Bordar Praepositus unus Radman c. Seems to be the same with Rod-Knight Rageman Is a Statute so called of Justices assigned by Edward the First and his Council to hear and determine throughout all England all Complaints of Injuries done within five years next before Michaelmas in the Fourth year of His Raign Ragmans-Roll Edward the Third says Sir Richard Baker in his Chronicle fol. 127. surrendered by His Charter all His Title of Soveraignty to the Kingdom of Scotland restored divers Deeds and Instruments of their former Homages and Fealties with the famous Evidence called Ragmans Roll. Ran Sax. Aporta Rapina so open a spoiling a Man as it cannot be denied Hoveden inter ea quae Willielmus prinius constituit in emendationem legum Angliae parte post Hen. 2. Decretum est etiam ibi ut si Francigena appellaverit Anglicum de perjurio aut murdro furto homicidio Ran quod dicunt apertam rapinam quod negari non potest Anglicus se defendet per quod melius voluerit aut judicio ferri aut duello Consonant whereunto it is to this day vulgarly said by one who taketh the Goods of another injuriously and by violence He hath taken all he could Rap and ran rap from