dead_a and_o die_v of_o the_o fall_a sickness_n 17._o may_v 1615._o but_o in_o this_o the_o word_n be_v malicious_o speak_v for_o the_o speaker_n utter_v they_o because_o he_o have_v lose_v a_o plea_n but_o sometime_o the_o speaker_n be_v only_o scourge_v and_o banish_v as_o tweedy_n be_v 13._o march_v 1612._o for_o abuse_v constable_n and_o bid_v the_o king_n the_o council_n and_o they_o kiss_v his_o arse_n and_o swear_v he_o care_v not_o a_o fart_n for_o they_o which_o word_n appear_v both_o by_o the_o speaker_n and_o the_o contexture_n of_o the_o word_n to_o have_v rather_o flow_v from_o folly_n than_o design_n and_o spotswood_n in_o his_o history_n relat_n that_o the_o schoolmaster_n of_o edinburgh_n be_v hang_v for_o disperse_v libel_n against_o the_o regent_n wherein_o he_o charge_v he_o with_o be_v guilty_a of_o capital_a crime_n lease_v maker_n vi_o like_o to_o this_o crime_n if_o not_o the_o same_o with_o it_o be_v lease_v make_v whereby_o hatred_n and_o discord_n may_v be_v raise_v betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n which_o be_v punish_v with_o tinsel_n of_o life_n and_o good_n by_o the_o 43._o act_n parliament_n 2._o king_n james_n the_o 1._o likeas_n any_o misrepresentation_n or_o evil_a information_n as_o our_o law_n call_v it_o of_o the_o king_n to_o his_o people_n be_v punishable_a in_o the_o same_o way_n by_o the_o 83._o act_n parliament_n 6._o king_n james_n the_o 5._o and_o though_o the_o slander_v of_o his_o majesty_n may_v have_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o first_o act_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o our_o predecessor_n do_v not_o think_v paritas_fw-la rationis_fw-la sufficient_a in_o punish_v crime_n upon_o which_o act_v a_o great_a person_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o death_n for_o write_v a_o letter_n wherein_o the_o parliament_n be_v slander_v anno_fw-la 1662._o but_o this_o be_v thereafter_o rescind_v by_o his_o majesty_n likeas_n by_o the_o 20._o a._n of_o the_o 14._o p._n ki_n 6._o the_o hear_n and_o not_o reveal_v and_o not_o apprehend_v of_o such_o lease_v maker_n if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hearer_n power_n be_v equal_o punish_v with_o the_o lease_n make_a but_o because_o these_o act_n can_v not_o reach_v to_o slanderer_n of_o his_o majesty_n to_o his_o people_n in_o england_n or_o misrepresent_v they_o to_o the_o king_n or_o abuse_v any_o privy_a counsellor_n of_o that_o kingdom_n therefore_o the_o misrepresent_v they_o be_v declare_v punishable_a at_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n by_o the_o 9_o act_n 20._o par._n k._n ja._n 6._o by_o the_o same_o last_o act_n disperse_v or_o make_v cockalands_n or_o other_o infamous_a libel_n against_o counselor_n of_o england_n be_v punish_v as_o lease_v make_v title_n xxxi_o poind_v of_o ox_n in_o time_n of_o labour_v 1._o how_o this_o crime_n be_v punish_v by_o our_o law_n 2._o how_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n 3._o the_o explication_n of_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o this_o case_n 4._o how_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o differ_v in_o this_o point_n by_o the_o 98._o act_n 6._o parl._n ja._n 4._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o no_o sheriff_n or_o officer_n shall_v poind_v or_o distreinzie_n the_o ox_n horse_n or_o other_o good_n pertain_v to_o the_o plough_n and_o that_o labour_v the_o ground_n the_o time_n of_o the_o labour_a of_o the_o same_o where_o any_o other_o good_n or_o land_n be_v to_o be_v apprize_v or_o poind_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n ii_o the_o common_a law_n to_o which_o this_o relate_v be_v l._n 8._o c._n quae_fw-la res_fw-la pig_n oblige_v possunt_fw-la pignorum_fw-la gratia_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la culturam_fw-la agri_fw-la pertinet_fw-la auferri_fw-la non_fw-la convenit_fw-la and_o by_o the_o subsequent_a authent_v ibid._n agricultores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la securi_fw-la sunt_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la nullus_fw-la inveniatur_fw-la tam_fw-la audax_fw-la ut_fw-la personas_fw-la boves_fw-la &_o agrorum_fw-la instrumenta_fw-la aut_fw-la si_fw-la quid_fw-la aliud_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la agrorum_fw-la 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disobedience_n to_o authority_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o basis_n of_o all_o crime_n 2._o illegal_a intrometring_n with_o another_o man_n good_n be_v a_o crime_n especial_o ubi_fw-la lex_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la non_fw-la assistebat_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o restistebat_fw-la for_o theft_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o unwarrantable_a intromission_n and_o as_o the_o take_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v free_a liedge_n be_v a_o crime_n where_o the_o same_o be_v not_o warrant_v by_o law_n so_o the_o poind_n of_o these_o good_n shall_v infer_v a_o crime_n that_o be_v another_o species_n of_o unlawful_a execution_n 3._o this_o act_n discharge_v such_o execution_n conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o the_o common_a or_o civil_a law_n this_o be_v a_o crime_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o law_n above_o cite_v and_o whereas_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o no_o sanction_n be_v annex_v it_o be_v reply_v that_o where_o the_o law_n annex_v no_o sanction_n the_o punishment_n be_v there_o arbitrary_a and_o there_o be_v many_o crime_n both_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o out_v to_o which_o no_o sanction_n be_v annex_v the_o justice_n sustain_v the_o libel_n and_o ordain_v the_o panel_n to_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o interlocutor_fw-la be_v that_o the_o poind_v a_o ox_n in_o the_o time_n of_o labour_v be_v a_o injury_n and_o wrong_n punishable_a by_o the_o law_n paena_fw-la aplicanda_fw-la filco_fw-la and_o thereafter_o the_o three_o panel_n be_v find_v guilty_a though_o it_o be_v not_o express_o prove_v that_o the_o ox_n be_v labour_v actual_o the_o time_n of_o the_o poind_n but_o only_o that_o he_o use_v to_o labour_v and_o be_v in_o the_o plough_n the_o week_n before_o and_o the_o country_n be_v then_o labour_v all_o which_o be_v necessary_a qualification_n of_o this_o crime_n and_o so_o be_v necessary_a interrogator_n after_o pronounce_v of_o which_o doom_n the_o justice_n fine_v each_o of_o the_o three_o panel_n in_o forty_o pound_n scot_n and_o yet_o in_o june_n 1674._o a_o reply_n against_o lawful_o poind_v be_v propon_v in_o a_o pursuit_n for_o theft_n the_o case_n be_v by_o the_o justice_n refer_v to_o be_v first_o civil_o pursue_v it_o be_v here_o also_o allege_v that_o by_o the_o 34._o act._n 4._o parl._n i._n 5._o where_o crime_n may_v be_v criminal_o and_o civil_o pursue_v the_o civil_a pursuit_n ought_v first_o to_o be_v discuse_v which_o be_v repel_v because_o though_o a_o civil_a pursuit_n of_o spoilzie_n be_v intent_a there_o can_v no_o defence_n such_o as_o lawful_o poind_v authore_fw-la praetore_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v usual_a in_o other_o case_n be_v propon_v here_o see_v though_o the_o execution_n be_v formal_a and_o the_o decreet_a whereupon_o they_o proceed_v irreduceable_a yet_o to_o poind_v a_o labour_a ox_n in_o labour_a time_n be_v in_o all_o case_n unlawful_a &_o itacessat_fw-la hoc_fw-la casu_fw-la ratio_fw-la legis_fw-la 2._o the_o defender_n can_v not_o plead_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o
decision_n than_o philosopher_n to_o continue_v in_o the_o error_n of_o their_o youth_n but_o yet_o when_o the_o argument_n pro_fw-la and_o contra_fw-la weigh_v equal_o and_o reason_n seem_v puzzle_v where_o to_o incline_v the_o authority_n even_o of_o our_o former_a decision_n shall_v cast_v the_o balance_n especial_o where_o the_o same_o reason_n then_o urge_v be_v there_o press_v and_o in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o law_n of_o which_o decision_n be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n if_o a_o whole_a tract_n of_o decision_n can_v be_v produce_v it_o will_v infallible_o bind_v wherein_o craig_n diag_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la quo_fw-la utimur_fw-la agree_v with_o callistrotus_fw-la l._n 38._o de_fw-la leg_n in_o ambiguitatibus_fw-la quae_fw-la ex_fw-la legibus_fw-la profisciscuntur_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la aut_fw-la rerum_fw-la perpetuo_fw-la judicatarum_fw-la auctoritatem_fw-la vim_o legis_fw-la obtinere_fw-la where_o these_o decision_n have_v proceed_v upon_o a_o debate_n by_o which_o the_o 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lib._n 1._o hist._n angl._n petr._n diamitis_fw-la geograph_n europe_n do_fw-mi d._n escosse_n and_o duck_v the_o auth_v jur_fw-fr civ_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 10._o and_o though_o the_o roman_n have_v some_o custom_n or_o form_n peculiar_a to_o the_o genius_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n yet_o their_o law_n in_o criminal_a case_n be_v of_o universal_a use_n for_o crymes_n be_v the_o same_o almost_o every_o where_o as_o boet._n well_o observe_v leges_fw-la romanas_fw-la à _fw-la justiniano_n collectas_fw-la tanta_fw-la ratione_fw-la &_o sermonis_fw-la venustate_fw-la esse_fw-la ut_fw-la nulla_fw-la sit_fw-la natio_fw-la tam_fw-la fera_fw-fr vel_fw-la ab_fw-la humanitate_fw-la abhorrens_fw-la quae_fw-la eas_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la admirata_fw-la and_o k._n ja._n 5._o be_v so_o fond_a of_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o boet._n observe_v lib._n 17._o that_o he_o make_v a_o act_n ordain_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v succeed_v to_o a_o great_a estate_n in_o scotland_n who_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o civil_a law_n and_o erect_v two_o profession_n of_o it_o one_o at_o saint_n andrews_n and_o another_o at_o aberdeen_n and_o when_o james_n the_o 2._o do_v by_o the_o 48_o act_n of_o his_o 3._o parliament_n ordain_v that_o his_o subject_n shall_v be_v govern_v by_o no_o foreign_a law_n he_o design_v not_o to_o debar_v the_o respect_n due_a to_o the_o roman_a law_n but_o to_o obviate_v the_o vain_a pretence_n of_o the_o pope_n who_o canon_n and_o concession_n be_v obtrude_v upon_o the_o people_n as_o law_n by_o the_o church_n man_n of_o these_o time_n the_o four_o branch_n of_o our_o criminal_a law_n be_v the_o book_n of_o reg._n maj_n which_o be_v in_o criminalibus_fw-la look_v upon_o as_o authentic_a thus_o the_o thief_n must_v be_v punish_v before_o the_o recepter_fw-la and_o assyser_n must_v be_v pares_fw-la curiae_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o which_o and_o many_o other_o maxim_n there_o be_v no_o warrant_n beside_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o these_o book_n of_o reg_n majest_n 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process_n of_o ochiltrie_a balmerino_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o argyle_n and_o by_o the_o text_n §_o placuit_fw-la just_a de_fw-fr furt_n l._n 3._o ff_n de_fw-fr injur_fw-fr l._n pen._n ff_n ad_fw-la leg._n jul_a de_fw-fr adult_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o wickedness_n of_o the_o design_n make_v only_o a_o action_n criminal_a but_o in_o my_o judgement_n this_o inquiry_n may_v be_v resolve_v in_o these_o conclusion_n 1._o that_o see_v man_n can_v only_o offend_v in_o what_o be_v voluntar_n to_o he_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o the_o will_n be_v the_o only_a fountain_n of_o wickedness_n and_o consequent_o it_o be_v at_o first_o the_o design_n of_o lawgiver_n only_o to_o punish_v such_o act_n as_o be_v design_o malicious_a 2._o because_o design_n be_v a_o private_a and_o conceal_v act_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o escape_v the_o severe_a probation_n therefore_o in_o some_o case_n this_o dolus_fw-la be_v allow_v by_o law_n to_o be_v infer_v from_o conjecture_n and_o presumption_n where_o the_o act_n be_v
by_o imprisonment_n during_o life_n forfeit_v of_o good_n and_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o land_n during_o life_n for_o this_o crime_n the_o earl_n of_o morton_n be_v execute_v by_o king_n james_n 6._o for_o have_v conceal_v the_o design_v death_n of_o king_n henry_n his_o father_n and_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o conceal_v be_v treason_n where_o the_o king_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o repress_v or_o punish_v the_o treason_n that_o be_v intend_v for_o there_o the_o end_n of_o reveal_v seem_v to_o cease_v which_o be_v information_n in_o order_n to_o resistance_n it_o have_v be_v likewise_o doubt_v whether_o the_o not_o reveal_v treason_n be_v punishable_a where_o the_o treason_n be_v design_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o queen_n but_o since_o they_o be_v likewise_o subject_n and_o may_v commit_v treason_n therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n but_o it_o be_v treason_n in_o any_o other_o to_o conceal_v their_o treasonable_a design_n fourteen_o the_o eleven_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o flee_v from_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n which_o be_v not_o extend_v only_o to_o such_o as_o be_v swear_v to_o colour_n but_o even_o to_o such_o as_o be_v warn_v to_o and_o do_v attend_v the_o king_n host_n vid._n tit_n the_o jurisdiction_n over_o soldier_n xv._n the_o twelve_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o deny_v his_o majesty_n have_v the_o only_a power_n of_o call_v and_o dissolve_v of_o parliament_n act_n 3.1_o parl._n ch._n 2._o xvi_o by_o the_o common_a law_n it_o be_v treason_n to_o kill_v any_o of_o the_o prince_n counsellor_n because_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o prince_n own_o body_n l._n quisquis_fw-la c._n h._n t._n but_o with_o we_o the_o pursue_v or_o invade_v any_o of_o the_o session_n secret_a council_n or_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n officer_n for_o do_v his_o majesty_n service_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o death_n but_o not_o as_o treason_n act_n 4._o parl._n 16._o ja._n 6._o by_o officer_n here_o be_v mean_v only_a officer_n of_o state_n else_o it_o may_v be_v extend_v to_o messenger_n and_o i_o hear_v it_o resolve_v that_o this_o act_n extend_v not_o to_o such_o as_o invade_v the_o lyon_n and_o these_o word_n any_o of_o the_o session_n be_v not_o extend_v to_o advocat_n clerk_n macer_n or_o any_o else_o beside_o the_o lord_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act._n but_o i_o think_v the_o quality_n adject_v that_o they_o be_v invade_v for_o do_v his_o majesty_n service_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o circumstance_n and_o presumption_n as_o if_o a_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o have_v lose_v a_o cause_n shall_v invade_v the_o next_o day_n a_o lord_n who_o have_v vote_v against_o he_o and_o the_o word_n this_o be_v verify_v and_o try_v import_v so_o much_o but_o the_o stat._n edward_n 3._o be_v much_o more_o clear_a make_v it_o treason_n to_o kill_v the_o officer_n therein_o mention_v only_o viz._n chancellor_n thesaurer_n chief_a justice_n of_o either_o bench_n or_o any_o judge_n of_o either_o bench_n sit_v in_o judgement_n only_o and_o from_o this_o statute_n of_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n we_o may_v argue_v that_o the_o kill_a none_o below_o a_o lord_n of_o session_n shall_v infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o this_o act._n the_o kill_v a_o member_n of_o parliament_n be_v not_o in_o england_n treason_n though_o the_o parliament_n be_v a_o high_a judicatory_a than_o any_o express_v in_o the_o act._n and_o cook_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o allow_v not_o argumentum_fw-la à _fw-la fortiori_fw-la to_o infer_v crime_n and_o with_o we_o the_o kill_a a_o member_n of_o parliament_n will_v not_o infer_v death_n by_o this_o act_n since_o they_o fall_v under_o no_o qualification_n therein_o specify_v in_o england_n kill_v officer_n fall_v only_o under_o the_o statute_n but_o with_o we_o invade_v or_o pursue_v they_o be_v death_n though_o it_o take_v no_o effect_n quaritur_fw-la if_o to_o invade_v they_o when_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v fall_v under_o the_o statute_n since_o they_o be_v not_o under_o that_o character_n elsewhere_o or_o if_o he_o who_o invade_v they_o during_o their_o be_v suspend_v will_v fall_v under_o this_o act_n since_o during_o that_o time_n they_o retain_v the_o character_n and_o the_o exercise_n be_v only_o suspend_v and_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o doctor_n that_o a_o statute_n punish_v such_o as_o invade_v magistrate_n be_v only_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o such_o magistrate_n as_o be_v once_o admit_v but_o not_o to_o such_o as_o be_v only_o name_v or_o elect_v for_o such_o statute_n be_v extend_v in_o gratiosis_fw-la yet_o they_o be_v restrict_v in_o such_o odious_a point_n as_o their_o cabal_n case_z 148._o treasonable_a word_n vid._n t._n injury_n and_o libel_n xvii_o the_o three_o branch_n of_o the_o division_n be_v statutory_a treason_n which_o comprehend_v under_o it_o several_a other_o point_n of_o treason_n which_o because_o they_o relate_v to_o other_o crime_n therefore_o i_o shall_v also_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o these_o title_n wherein_o these_o crime_n be_v principal_o treat_v of_o but_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o these_o act_n that_o these_o crime_n be_v not_o declare_v to_o be_v treason_n but_o only_o to_o be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n and_o therefore_o these_o statutory_a treason_n have_v not_o at_o all_o the_o other_o privilege_n competent_a to_o treason_n as_o that_o they_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o woman_n &_o alios_fw-la testes_fw-la inhabiles_fw-la or_o that_o he_o who_o accuse_v in_o these_o will_v commit_v treason_n if_o he_o prove_v not_o his_o accusation_n thus_o wilful_a fire_n raise_v be_v treason_n ja._n 5._o parl._n 3._o cap._n ultimo_fw-la theft_n in_o landed-man_n be_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 50._o vid._n tit_n theft_n murder_n under_o trust_n be_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 51._o vid._n tit_n murder_n sayer_n of_o mass_n jesuit_n traffic_v papist_n and_o their_o resetter_n commit_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 12._o cap._n 120._o vid._n tit_n heresy_n to_o buy_v or_o bring_v home_o poison_n be_v treason_n ja._n 2._o parl._n 7._o c._n 31._o vid._n poison_n thief_n who_o take_v leill_n man_n upon_o bond_n to_o re-enter_v they_o commit_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 1._o cap._n 21._o but_o though_o this_o act_n speak_v general_o of_o the_o take_n of_o any_o scottish-man_n yet_o it_o may_v clear_o appear_v by_o the_o narrative_a and_o the_o whole_a strain_n of_o the_o act_n that_o the_o same_o strike_v only_o against_o such_o thief_n as_o keep_v correspondence_n with_o the_o english_a and_o take_v scottish-man_n prisoner_n into_o england_n but_o custom_n have_v interpret_v this_o otherwise_o for_o duncan_n macgrigor_n be_v 15._o july_n 1643._o convict_v and_o hang_v as_o a_o traitor_n for_o art_n and_o part_n of_o take_v james_n anderson_n and_o john_n mackie_n and_o the_o take_n of_o captain_n cairn_n find_v relevant_a as_o a_o article_n of_o treason_n against_o assint_fw-la to_o usurp_v any_o prelate_n place_n after_o his_o decease_n be_v likewise_o treason_n ja._n 5._o parl._n 7._o cap._n 125._o xviii_o this_o crime_n have_v in_o it_o many_o specialty_n wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o other_o crime_n as_o first_o he_o who_o accuse_v any_o man_n for_o treason_n do_v incur_v the_o pain_n of_o treason_n if_o the_o defender_n be_v acquit_v which_o be_v occasion_v as_o the_o act_n bear_v because_o of_o the_o odiousness_n of_o treason_n but_o since_o the_o the_o act_n say_v express_o that_o this_o shall_v take_v place_n where_o the_o party_n calumniat_fw-la be_v call_v accuse_v and_o quit_v of_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n therefore_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi raise_v summons_n of_o treason_n and_o shall_v pass_v from_o the_o same_o before_o the_o panel_n go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n be_v punish_v poena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la yet_o he_o can_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o traitor_n it_o may_v be_v likewise_o doubt_v if_o this_o hold_v in_o statutory_a treason_n as_o theft_n in_o land_a man_n etc._n etc._n and_o since_o the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o that_o act_n be_v the_o odiousness_n of_o treason_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o rigid_a law_n shall_v not_o take_v place_n in_o these_o point_n of_o treason_n which_o be_v not_o so_o odious_a of_o their_o own_o nature_n another_o speciality_n in_o treason_n be_v that_o it_o can_v only_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice_n reg._n maj._n lib._n 1._o e._n 1._o v._n 1._o and_o that_o because_o of_o the_o king_n immediate_a interest_n since_o it_o be_v not_o presumable_a that_o the_o fiscal_n in_o inferior_a court_n will_v be_v as_o careful_a as_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n who_o can_v appear_v there_o and_o because_o of_o the_o intricacy_n and_o great_a consequence_n of_o that_o crime_n but_o it_o may_v be_v
power_n of_o every_o malicious_a rascal_n to_o wrong_v the_o most_o innocent_a for_o either_o he_o behove_v to_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v kill_v or_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o defend_v his_o own_o life_n and_o by_o the_o say_a act_n it_o be_v only_o declare_v leisum_n to_o punish_v but_o not_o necessary_a and_o yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n murderer_n se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la for_o fault_n their_o movable_n and_o both_o in_o that_o and_o in_o murder_n upon_o misadventure_n for_o so_o they_o call_v casual_a homicide_n the_o murderer_n must_v have_v a_o pardon_n statute_n 6._o e._n 1._o cap._n 9_o so_o great_a a_o regard_n say_v bolton_n the_o law_n have_v to_o the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n cap._n 15._o num_fw-la 16._o and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o savoy_n he_o who_o kill_v though_o in_o self-defence_n needs_o a_o pardon_n but_o the_o prince_n in_o that_o case_n can_v refuse_v to_o grant_v a_o pardon_n and_o therefore_o their_o lawyer_n call_v that_o pardon_n gratia_fw-la justitiae_fw-la cod._n fabr_n lib._n 9_o tit_n 10._o but_o with_o we_o no_o pardon_n be_v requisite_a albeit_o it_o be_v most_o ordinar_n to_o take_v remission_n in_o such_o case_n bear_v self-defence_n in_o their_o narrative_a iii_o this_o moderation_n be_v say_v to_o be_v exceed_v in_o these_o three_o viz._n in_o arm_n 2._o in_o time_n 3._o in_o the_o measure_n of_o follow_v striking_z etc._n etc._n this_o moderation_n be_v exceed_v in_o arm_n as_o if_o the_o aggressor_n have_v only_o a_o staff_n and_o the_o defender_n wound_v he_o with_o a_o sword_n or_o pistol_n the_o defender_n be_v in_o that_o case_n punishable_a for_o there_o weâ—e_v no_o reason_n in_o that_o case_n the_o defender_n shall_v have_v have_v any_o feâ—r_n of_o his_o life_n nec_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o dubio_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la constitutus_fw-la and_o yet_o this_o conclusion_n be_v not_o infallible_a for_o if_o the_o defender_n be_v much_o weak_a than_o the_o aggressor_n he_o may_v be_v excuse_v to_o use_v such_o unequal_a weapon_n the_o defender_n be_v say_v to_o exceed_v in_o time_n if_o he_o strike_v the_o aggressor_n ante_fw-la quam_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o actu_fw-la proximo_fw-la occidendi_fw-la for_o else_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o every_o man_n upon_o the_o first_o apprehension_n of_o fear_n to_o kill_v the_o aggressor_n which_o be_v very_o dangerous_a and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o when_o any_o aggressor_n threaten_v to_o kill_v if_o the_o defender_n who_o know_v not_o when_o the_o threat_n may_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n may_v immediate_o kill_v there_o be_v probable_a reason_n to_o be_v urge_v for_o either_o opinion_n and_o albeit_o the_o punishment_n shall_v in_o this_o case_n depend_v upon_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o the_o judge_n yet_o if_o the_o aggressor_n be_v know_v to_o have_v any_o design_n to_o murder_n or_o be_v a_o person_n who_o use_v to_o execute_v what_o he_o threaten_v and_o if_o he_o have_v a_o sword_n though_o not_o draw_v or_o a_o pistol_n though_o not_o cock_v for_o if_o he_o have_v either_o of_o these_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o he_o may_v be_v lawful_o kill_v because_o he_o be_v in_o actu_fw-la proximo_fw-la offendendi_fw-la and_o no_o man_n shall_v wait_v till_o he_o be_v kill_v i_o think_v that_o though_o the_o aggressor_n be_v kill_v yet_o the_o defender_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o self-defence_n and_o albeit_o he_o may_v be_v arbitrary_o punish_v yet_o he_o can_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n and_o many_o lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o who_o threaten_v to_o kill_v may_v be_v kill_v which_o opinion_n they_o find_v upon_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o the_o law_n look_v upon_o that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a as_o do_v if_o it_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v do_v and_o that_o in_o odium_fw-la of_o he_o who_o design_n what_o be_v unlawful_a â—_o there_o be_v great_a fear_n from_o some_o threat_n then_o from_o wound_n and_o therefore_o see_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v these_o who_o assault_v we_o with_o wound_v why_o not_o and_o he_o who_o threaten_v 3_o d._n per._n l._n 1._o c._n quando_fw-la licet_fw-la cuique_fw-la etc._n etc._n mortem_fw-la inquit_fw-la imperator_fw-la quam_fw-la minabatur_fw-la accipiet_fw-la &_o id_fw-la quod_fw-la intendebat_fw-la incurrat_fw-la nor_o can_v the_o friend_n of_o the_o threatener_n complain_v see_v the_o aggressor_n be_v in_o effect_n author_n of_o his_o own_o death_n and_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o defender_n have_v no_o design_n to_o kill_v yet_o the_o justice_n will_v not_o sustain_v minae_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la to_o be_v a_o sufficient_a qualification_n of_o self-defence_n but_o sustain_v it_o joint_o with_o the_o aggressor_n fyre_v a_o pistol_n though_o it_o mis-gave_a and_o though_o the_o defender_n may_v have_v flee_v january_n 1668._o sinclar_fw-la contra_fw-la barclay_n and_o albeit_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n insultatus_fw-la debet_fw-la fugere_fw-la and_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n he_o who_o be_v invade_v be_v oblige_v to_o flee_v as_o far_o as_o he_o can_v as_o to_o a_o wall_n or_o ditch_n bolt_n cap._n 15._o num_fw-la 17._o yet_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o civilian_n a_o person_n invade_v be_v not_o oblige_v to_o flee_v far_o farin_n quest_n 125._o p._n 2._o it_o may_v be_v probable_a that_o if_o the_o defender_n be_v alone_o in_o a_o house_n or_o place_n with_o the_o aggressor_n and_o can_v expect_v no_o help_n that_o upon_o threaten_v or_o other_o probable_a design_n lay_v against_o his_o life_n he_o may_v kill_v the_o aggressor_n and_o from_o which_o may_v be_v deduce_v that_o the_o actus_fw-la proximus_fw-la which_o lawyer_n speak_v of_o must_v not_o be_v interpret_v only_o the_o have_v a_o sword_n draw_v for_o if_o a_o strong_a man_n have_v a_o weak_a in_o a_o lock_v house_n and_o threaten_v he_o may_v kill_v he_o though_o asleep_o if_o he_o can_v otherways_o escape_v the_o defender_n be_v say_v to_o exceed_v in_o the_o measure_n also_o if_o he_o kill_v he_o for_o wound_v who_o he_o may_v have_v shun_v or_o if_o he_o follow_v the_o aggressor_n which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o full_o lawful_a yet_o fugientem_fw-la persequens_fw-la dumodo_fw-la in_o ipso_fw-la actu_fw-la non_fw-la punitur_fw-la paena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la licet_fw-la occiderit_fw-la boer_n decis_fw-la 168._o novemb_v 7._o and_o albeit_o much_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o arbitration_n of_o the_o judge_n as_o to_o all_o the_o three_o arma_fw-la tempus_fw-la &_o modus_fw-la yet_o the_o general_a rule_n be_v that_o if_o the_o defender_n exceed_v only_o in_o either_o of_o the_o three_o as_o v_o g._n in_o the_o arm_n or_o time_n the_o excess_n be_v say_v to_o be_v culpa_fw-la levissima_fw-la and_o no_o way_n punishable_a if_o in_o two_o of_o these_o as_o in_o time_n and_o arm_n than_o it_o be_v account_v culpa_fw-la levis_fw-la and_o be_v somewhat_o â—â—nishable_a but_o if_o the_o defender_n exceed_v in_o all_o the_o three_o as_o in_o time_n arm_n way_n of_o prosecution_n than_o it_o be_v culpa_fw-la lata_fw-la but_o yet_o he_o be_v not_o punishable_a as_o if_o he_o have_v dolose_o murder_v for_o though_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o civilibus_fw-la that_o culpa_fw-la lata_fw-la equiparatur_fw-la dolo_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o criminalibus_fw-la that_o culpa_fw-la lata_fw-la numquam_fw-la equiparatur_fw-la dolo_fw-la ubi_fw-la agitur_fw-la de_fw-la paena_fw-la corporis_fw-la afflictiva_fw-la far._n quest_n 125._o part_n 6._o it_o iâ—_n also_o controvert_v among_o lawyer_n if_o see_v honour_n be_v as_o dear_a as_o life_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v he_o who_o asperse_v our_o honour_n as_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v he_o who_o assault_v our_o life_n and_o albeit_o farinacius_n be_v of_o the_o judgement_n that_o he_o who_o be_v thus_o provockt_v be_v a_o person_n of_o far_o more_o eminent_a condition_n than_o the_o injurer_n kill_v he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o murderer_n sed_fw-la pena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la licet_fw-la injuria_fw-la sit_fw-la verbalis_fw-la yet_o in_o my_o judgement_n he_o err_v in_o that_o position_n for_o in_o effect_n that_o be_v not_o self-defence_n because_o the_o verbal_a injury_n can_v be_v retreat_v nor_o retain_v but_o it_o be_v revenge_v yet_o dolour_n iustùs_fw-la aliquando_fw-la operatur_fw-la ut_fw-la paena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la temperetur_fw-la boer_n decis_fw-la 237_o but_o yet_o that_o be_v not_o allow_v in_o kill_v and_o such_o other_o injury_n quae_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la revocari_fw-la gothofr_n prax_fw-la crim_n §_o homicida_fw-la n._n 25._o and_o albeit_o this_o hold_n in_o verbal_a injury_n offer_v to_o our_o honomr_n ubi_fw-la nescit_fw-la vox_fw-la missa_fw-la reverti_fw-la yet_o if_o the_o injury_n offer_v to_o our_o honour_n be_v real_a and_o such_o as_o may_v be_v stop_v as_o by_o command_v a_o eminent_a person_n to_o loose_v down_o his_o breeches_n to_o be_v whip_v or_o do_v any_o most_o ignominous_o servile_a act_n to_o the_o aggressor_n in_o that_o caise_n i_o shall_v think_v that_o the_o
sodomy_n in_o which_o endeavour_n be_v punishable_a by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n though_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n sodomy_n require_v habuisse_fw-la rem_fw-la veneream_n &_o pverum_fw-la carnaliter_fw-la cognovisse_fw-la cook_n p._n 59_o albeit_o the_o manner_n of_o death_n be_v not_o express_v in_o this_o act_n yet_o practic_a have_v determine_v the_o same_o to_o be_v hang_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o barnoch_n who_o be_v hang_v for_o commit_v incest_n with_o his_o own_o sister_n decemb._n 8._o 1641._o and_o of_o joan_n knox_n who_o be_v hang_v for_o commit_v incest_n with_o her_o husband_n brother_n may_v 1646._o sometime_o it_o be_v likewise_o punish_v with_o head_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o james_n strang_n who_o be_v behead_v for_o commit_v incest_n with_o his_o brother_n daughter_n the_o 4._o of_o april_n 1649._o iii_o sodomy_n be_v when_o a_o man_n lie_v with_o a_o man_n for_o which_o both_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n l._n cum_fw-la vir_fw-la nubit_fw-la c._n the_o adult_n they_o be_v burn_v in_o france_n and_o savoy_n as_o gothofred_n observe_v by_o the_o 25._o act_n henry_n the_o 8._o sodomy_n be_v declare_v felony_n and_o the_o punishment_n of_o felony_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v in_o all_o case_n to_o be_v hang_v by_o the_o neck_n till_o death_n though_o carpzovius_fw-la and_o the_o other_o doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o confession_n alone_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a probation_n in_o this_o crime_n except_o other_o presumption_n concur_v for_o clear_v that_o the_o crime_n be_v true_o commit_v yet_o with_o we_o the_o confession_n itself_o without_o any_o other_o adminicle_n be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o death_n except_o the_o confessor_n be_v know_v or_o at_o least_o suspect_v to_o be_v distemper_v mastrupatio_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la quis_fw-la propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la aliove_n instrumento_fw-la se_fw-la polluit_fw-la &_o punitur_fw-la ut_fw-la sodomia_fw-la carp_n part._n 2._o quest_n 76._o haec_fw-la paena_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la in_o usu_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la iv._o bestiality_n be_v when_o a_o man_n lie_v with_o a_o beast_n which_o the_o roman_n also_o punish_v with_o death_n and_o in_o which_o some_o lawyer_n affirm_v the_o endeavour_n be_v as_o high_o punishable_a as_o the_o crime_n itself_o effectus_fw-la sine_fw-la affectu_fw-la papon_n lib._n 22._o tit_n 7._o art_n 1._o damhaud_fw-fr cap._n 96._o n._n 16._o which_o opinion_n they_o find_v upon_o the_o attrocity_n of_o the_o crime_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o he_o deserve_v not_o to_o live_v who_o can_v harbour_v such_o horrid_a thought_n but_o especial_o if_o he_o do_v all_o that_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o put_v his_o design_n in_o practice_n and_o be_v only_o let_v by_o some_o interveen_a accident_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o yet_o other_o lawyer_n conclude_v that_o even_o in_o this_o crime_n the_o endeavour_n be_v punishable_a by_o a_o less_o severe_a punishment_n than_o death_n which_o seem_v clear_a by_o l._n 1._o §_o fin_fw-fr ff_n de_fw-fr extraord_n crim_n qui_fw-la pvero_fw-la struprum_fw-la abducto_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la vel_fw-la corrupto_fw-la comite_fw-la persuaserit_fw-la aut_fw-la mulierem_fw-la puellamve_fw-la interpellaverit_fw-la quidve_fw-la impudicitiae_fw-la gratia_fw-la fecerit_fw-la perfecto_fw-la flagitio_fw-la punitur_fw-la capite_fw-la imperfecto_fw-la in_o insulam_fw-la deportatur_fw-la and_o though_o in_o hot_a country_n where_o custom_n and_o climate_n lessen_v this_o crime_n the_o crime_n be_v by_o their_o lawyer_n think_v punishable_a less_o severe_o yet_o with_o we_o death_n ought_v to_o punish_v it_o if_o the_o delinquent_n be_v only_o let_v by_o other_o and_o in_o both_o their_o crime_n of_o sodomy_n and_o bestiality_n witness_n who_o be_v liable_a to_o exception_n will_v be_v receive_v because_o of_o the_o attrocity_n of_o the_o crime_n bos._n de_fw-fr judiciis_fw-la we_o have_v no_o particular_a statute_n for_o punish_v either_o sodomy_n or_o bestiality_n for_o they_o be_v crime_n extraordinar_fw-mi and_o rare_o commit_v in_o this_o kingdom_n but_o our_o libel_n bear_v that_o albeit_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o omnipotent_a god_n as_o it_o be_v declare_v in_o the_o 20._o c._n of_o leviticus_n as_o well_o the_o man_n who_o lie_v with_o mankind_n as_o the_o man_n who_o lie_v with_o a_o beast_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n yet_o etc._n etc._n the_o ordinar_n punishment_n in_o both_o these_o be_v burn_v and_o the_o beast_n be_v also_o burn_v with_o which_o the_o bestiality_n be_v commit_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o james_n fidde_v who_o be_v convict_v of_o bestiality_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v burn_v in_o the_o last_o of_o may_n 1650._o and_o major_a weir_n april_n 1670._o yet_o sometime_o it_o be_v only_o punish_v by_o hang_v and_o thus_o john_n logie_n be_v only_o hang_v in_o july_n 1642._o and_o james_n wilson_n be_v only_o hang_v for_o the_o same_o crime_n 15._o feb._n 1649._o which_o last_o sentence_n bear_v that_o the_o execution_n shall_v be_v very_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o ordain_v the_o mare_n with_o which_o the_o buggery_n be_v commit_v to_o be_v drown_v in_o any_o moss_n or_o loach_n title_n xvi_o raptus_fw-la ravish_v 1._o the_o nature_n of_o a_o rapt_v describe_v and_o its_o punishment_n 2._o whether_o the_o violent_a lie_v with_o a_o woman_n without_o the_o carry_v she_o away_o be_v a_o rapt_v 3._o if_o the_o carry_v a_o woman_n away_o upon_o any_o other_o account_n then_o lust_n be_v a_o rapt_v 4._o if_o the_o carry_v she_o away_o without_o lie_v with_o she_o be_v a_o rapt_v 5._o if_o a_o woman_n carry_v away_o a_o man_n be_v a_o rapt_v 6._o whether_o a_o subsequent_a consent_n purge_v this_o crime_n 7._o some_o instance_n of_o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n 8._o whether_o the_o parent_n consent_n not_o be_v obtain_v make_v a_o rapt_v 9_o whether_o minor_n and_o such_o as_o force_v common_a whore_n be_v punishable_a for_o a_o rapt_v rapt_v or_o ravish_v be_v that_o crime_n which_o be_v commit_v in_o the_o violent_a carry_v away_o a_o woman_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o for_o satisfy_v the_o ravisher_n lust_n and_o be_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n punishable_a by_o death_n l._n un_fw-fr c._n the_o rapt_v virgin_n etc._n etc._n in_o our_o law_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o point_n of_o the_o crown_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o cognition_n of_o it_o belong_v only_o to_o his_o majesty_n justice_n and_o not_o to_o any_o other_o judge_n r._n maj._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o n._n 6._o and_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o the_o committer_n moveable_n for_o albeit_o i_o remember_v not_o that_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n be_v express_o appoint_v for_o it_o yet_o in_o the_o 8_o cap._n l._n 4._o r._n m._n it_o be_v say_v express_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o the_o other_o crime_n above_o relate_v and_o these_o be_v murder_n treason_n and_o fire-raising_a which_o be_v all_o capital_o punish_v and_o by_o the_o act._n 4._o p._n 21._o i._o 6._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o albeit_o the_o consent_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o woman_n ravish_v declare_v that_o she_o go_v away_o of_o her_o own_o free_a will_n may_v free_v the_o committer_n from_o capital_a punishment_n yet_o shall_v it_o not_o free_v he_o from_o such_o arbitrary_a punishment_n as_o his_o majesty_n shall_v inflict_v by_o ward_n confiscation_n of_o their_o good_n or_o impose_v upon_o they_o pecunial_a mulct_n which_o act_n insinuat_v that_o the_o crime_n be_v otherways_o capital_a else_o that_o act_n have_v be_v unnecessar_n ii_o the_o definition_n give_v of_o a_o rapt_v l._n 4._o c._n 8._o r.m._n be_v that_o it_o be_v the_o unjust_a oppress_v of_o a_o woman_n by_o a_o man_n against_o the_o king_n peace_n in_o which_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n at_o least_o from_o some_o doctor_n who_o allege_v that_o lie_v with_o a_o woman_n or_o abuse_v her_o body_n violent_o be_v not_o a_o rapt_v except_o she_o be_v carry_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o albeit_o they_o do_v confess_v that_o this_o violence_n be_v punishable_a by_o deportation_n or_o banishment_n and_o be_v as_o some_o affirm_v non_fw-la raptus_fw-la sed_fw-la stuprum_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n de_fw-fr ad_fw-la leg_n iu_n l._n de_fw-fr vi_fw-la but_o yet_o other_o lawyer_n and_o chief_o mathaeus_n do_v conclude_v that_o albeit_o the_o away_o take_v and_o the_o force_n or_o violent_a abuse_v a_o woman_n body_n be_v different_o punish_v yet_o they_o be_v degree_n of_o the_o same_o crime_n and_o both_o be_v rapt_n but_o according_a to_o our_o law_n both_o be_v rapt_n and_o both_o punishable_a by_o death_n neither_o do_v our_o law_n make_v any_o distinction_n inter_fw-la raptores_fw-la &_o deforciatores_fw-la mulierum_fw-la betwixt_o ravisher_n and_o deforcer_n of_o woman_n and_o it_o be_v most_o unreasonable_a that_o he_o who_o defloure_n a_o woman_n violent_o shall_v not_o be_v as_o severe_o punish_v
be_v allow_v by_o the_o justice_n who_o must_v find_v all_o libel_n relevant_a which_o bear_v consult_v with_o witch_n and_o that_o ditty_n be_v prove_v they_o must_v condemn_v the_o panel_n to_o die_v albeit_o i_o think_v the_o council_n may_v alter_v the_o punishment_n if_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o user_n of_o these_o act_n have_v no_o wicked_a design_n nor_o intercourse_n with_o the_o devil_n therein_o xxvi_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n witchcraft_n be_v of_o old_a punish_v sometime_o by_o death_n and_o sometime_o by_o exile_n but_o 1._o jac._n this_o follow_a statute_n be_v make_v which_o i_o here_o set_v down_o because_o it_o be_v very_o special_a if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n shall_v use_v practice_n or_o exercise_v invocation_n or_o conjuration_n of_o any_o evil_a and_o wicked_a spirit_n or_o shall_v consult_v covenant_n with_o entertain_v employ_v feed_v or_o reward_n any_o evil_a or_o wicked_a spirit_n to_o or_o for_o any_o intent_n or_o purpose_n or_o take_v up_o any_o dead_a man_n woman_n or_o child_n out_o of_o he_o her_z or_o their_o grave_n or_o any_o other_o place_n where_o the_o dead_a body_n rest_v or_o the_o skin_n bone_n or_o any_o part_n of_o a_o dead_a person_n to_o be_v employ_v or_o use_v in_o any_o manner_n of_o witchcraft_n sorcery_n charm_n or_o enchantment_n or_o shall_v use_v practice_n or_o exercise_v any_o witchcraft_n enchantment_n charm_n or_o sorcery_n whereby_o any_o person_n shall_v be_v kill_v destroy_v waste_a consume_v pine_a or_o lame_v in_o his_o or_o her_o body_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o that_o then_o every_o such_o offender_n or_o offender_n their_o aider_n abbetter_n and_o counsellor_n be_v of_o any_o the_o say_a offence_n due_o and_o lawful_o convict_v and_o attaint_v shall_v suffer_v pain_n of_o death_n as_o a_o felon_n or_o felon_n and_o shall_v lose_v the_o privilege_n and_o benefit_n of_o clergy_n and_o sanctuary_n if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n take_v upon_o he_o or_o they_o by_o witchcraft_n enchantment_n charm_n or_o sorcery_n to_o tell_v or_o declare_v in_o what_o place_n any_o treasure_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n shall_v or_o may_v be_v find_v or_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o other_o secret_a place_n or_o where_o good_n or_o other_o thing_n lose_v or_o steal_v be_v become_v or_o whereby_o any_o cattle_n or_o good_n of_o any_o person_n shall_v be_v destroy_v or_o to_o hurt_v or_o destroy_v any_o person_n in_o he_o or_o her_o body_n albeit_o the_o same_o be_v not_o effect_v or_o do_v be_v therefore_o lawful_o convict_v shall_v for_o the_o say_a offence_n suffer_v imprisonment_n by_o the_o space_n of_o a_o whole_a year_n without_o bail_n or_o mainprize_n once_o every_o quarter_n of_o the_o year_n these_o mountebank_n be_v to_o mount_v the_o pillory_n and_o to_o stand_v thereupon_o in_o some_o mercat_n toun_n six_o hour_n and_o there_o to_o confess_v he_o or_o her_o error_n and_o offence_n title_n xi_o murder_n 1._o the_o etymology_n of_o murder_n 2._o self_n defence_n define_v and_o whether_o it_o be_v punishable_a 3._o how_o moderation_n in_o self_n defence_n be_v say_v to_o be_v exceed_v 4._o how_o self_n defence_n must_v be_v propon_v 5._o how_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v prove_v 6._o what_o be_v casual_a homicide_n 7._o whether_o he_o who_o be_v do_v what_o be_v unlawful_a may_v defend_v himself_o as_o only_o guilty_a of_o casual_a homicide_n 8._o whether_o he_o who_o be_v only_o guilty_a of_o casual_a homicide_n may_v be_v fine_v 9_o what_o be_v homicidium_fw-la culposum_fw-la or_o faulty_a homicide_n 10._o what_o wound_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v mortal_a 11._o how_o the_o design_n of_o murder_v or_o forethought_a felony_n be_v to_o be_v clear_v 12._o homicidium_fw-la in_o rixa_fw-la when_o many_o be_v conjunct_a actor_n how_o punishable_a 13._o the_o kill_n of_o thief_n or_o such_o as_o resist_v authority_n how_o punishable_a 14._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o father_n to_o kill_v his_o own_o daughter_n if_o he_o find_v her_o commit_a adultery_n 15._o assasination_n how_o punish_v 16._o murder_n under_o trust_n how_o punish_v 17._o what_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o murder_n 18._o how_o such_o as_o kill_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o law_n be_v punishable_a 19_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v a_o rebel_n 20._o the_o life-rent_a escheat_n of_o murderer_n fall_v in_o some_o case_n 21._o murder_n be_v one_o of_o the_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n 22._o how_o sheriff_n and_o other_o judge_n ought_v to_o prosecute_v murderer_n 23._o whether_o remission_n can_v be_v grant_v in_o case_n of_o murder_n god_n almighty_n do_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o impress_v man_n with_o his_o own_o image_n add_v as_o a_o second_o obligation_n a_o natural_a horror_n in_o every_o man_n to_o be_v in_o any_o accession_n to_o the_o deface_v it_o so_o that_o he_o have_v consult_v his_o own_o glory_n and_o our_o security_n joint_o in_o these_o severe_a law_n which_o he_o have_v make_v against_o murder_n and_o his_o divine_a finger_n be_v not_o see_v so_o apparent_o in_o any_o discovery_n as_o in_o that_o of_o murder_n and_o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o these_o barbarian_n who_o see_v the_o viper_n fasten_v upon_o paul_n hand_n do_v instant_o conclude_v he_o guilty_a of_o murder_n because_o he_o be_v to_o their_o apprehension_n so_o miraculous_o punish_v i._o murder_n come_v from_o the_o dutch_a word_n moorde_n which_o signify_v caedem_fw-la ex_fw-la jusidiis_fw-la vel_fw-la proditorie_a factam_fw-la math._n h._n t._n and_o murder_n be_v proper_o different_a from_o slaughter_n the_o one_o be_v commit_v per_fw-la seloniam_fw-la the_o other_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la leg._n malc_n c._n 2._o and_o therefore_o when_o our_o law_n forbid_v kill_v under_o trust_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 11._o ch_z 81._o it_o call_v it_o murder_n under_o trust_n but_o when_o it_o speak_v of_o kill_v by_o accident_n or_o in_o self-defence_n it_o call_v it_o slaughter_n or_o homicide_n c._n 22._o par._n 1._o k._n ch._n 2._o ses._n 2._o and_o by_o this_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o crime_n be_v better_a write_v murder_n then_o murder_n though_o murder_n be_v the_o ordinar_n way_n of_o write_v it_o especial_o in_o our_o old_a law_n the_o civilian_n define_v murder_n to_o be_v the_o kill_a man_n by_o man_n unlawful_o and_o they_o divide_v it_o into_o that_o which_o be_v commit_v casual_o in_o defence_n culpable_a or_o wilful_o ii_o necessarium_fw-la homicidium_fw-la or_o homicide_n commit_v in_o self-defence_n be_v when_o a_o man_n be_v pursue_v or_o reduce_v to_o inevitable_a necessity_n have_v no_o way_n leave_v he_o to_o evit_fw-la his_o own_a death_n but_o by_o kill_v the_o aggressor_n this_o be_v in_o law_n call_v inculpata_fw-la tutela_fw-la or_o moderamen_fw-la in_o culpatae_fw-la tutelae_fw-la within_o which_o moderation_n if_o the_o defender_n contain_v himself_o he_o be_v no_o way_n punishable_a but_o if_o he_o exceed_v the_o same_o yet_o so_o favourable_a be_v self-defence_n that_o the_o exceeder_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o the_o ordinar_n punishment_n but_o be_v ordinary_o punishable_a according_a to_o the_o excess_n at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n with_o we_o likewise_o self-defence_n be_v only_o punishable_a at_o the_o arbitrement_n or_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n by_o the_o 22._o act_n sess._n 1._o pa._n 2._o k._n ch._n 2._o but_o see_v that_o act_n ordain_v it_o to_o be_v punish_v at_o his_o discretion_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o in_o all_o case_n self-defence_n be_v not_o some_o way_n punishable_a and_o i_o remember_v that_o captain_n barclay_n be_v assoylzy_v in_o decemb._n 1668._o because_o the_o assize_n find_v that_o the_o kill_a sinclar_n be_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n the_o pursuer_n be_v to_o petition_v the_o council_n which_o be_v the_o ordinar_n way_n of_o tax_v arbitrary_a punishment_n in_o this_o case_n that_o he_o may_v be_v fine_v and_o very_o learned_a lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o self-defence_n be_v in_o all_o case_n punishable_a though_o attend_v with_o the_o most_o favourable_a circumstance_n of_o innocency_n from_o who_o i_o differ_v upon_o these_o reason_n 1._o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n if_o the_o defender_n contain_v himself_o exact_o within_o that_o moderation_n he_o be_v no_o way_n punishable_a as_o be_v clear_a by_o farin_n part_n 74._o quest_n 25._o part_n 6.2_o self-defence_n be_v a_o duty_n and_o so_o not_o punishable_a for_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o the_o law_n shall_v punish_v what_o it_o do_v comcommand_n 3._o the_o law_n say_v that_o omni_fw-la culpa_fw-la caret_fw-la qui_fw-la se_fw-la desendit_fw-la and_o in_o our_o law_n it_o be_v call_v murthrum_fw-la justum_fw-la leg_n malcol_n c._n 11._o and_o so_o to_o punish_v he_o who_o necessary_o defend_v himself_o be_v to_o inflict_v a_o punishment_n where_o the_o law_n acknowledge_v there_o be_v no_o guilt_n 4._o it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o
person_n extant_a who_o abide_v simple_o at_o the_o writ_n as_o true_a as_o kennedy_n do_v in_o this_o case_n for_o else_o the_o user_n though_o a_o singular_a successor_n must_v abide_v at_o the_o writ_n as_o a_o true_a writ_n simple_o without_o which_o any_o false_a writ_n may_v be_v vent_v secure_o the_o counterfeiter_n of_o the_o king_n letter_n for_o which_o binnie_n be_v hang_v the_o opener_n and_o unsealer_n of_o private_a letter_n from_o which_o bart._n likewise_o conclude_v that_o advocat_n writer_n and_o other_o who_o reveal_v their_o client_n paper_n to_o their_o adversary_n and_o the_o seal_v other_o man_n letter_n with_o the_o sealer_n own_o seal_n and_o reveal_v the_o secret_n of_o a_o town_n commit_v likwiseâ—_n falshood_n 5._o a_o nottar_n who_o draw_v any_o unlawful_a writ_n verb._n gra_fw-mi a_o usurary_a contract_n commit_v falsehood_n but_o not_o in_o scotland_n 6._o a_o nottar_n who_o express_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v false_a in_o a_o instrument_n commit_v falsehood_n as_o if_o he_o say_v the_o money_n be_v number_v where_o it_o be_v not_o or_o if_o he_o mark_v person_n to_o be_v present_a who_o be_v not_o but_o with_o we_o a_o nottar_n commit_v not_o falsehood_n though_o he_o say_v in_o the_o writ_n which_o he_o draw_v that_o the_o money_n be_v pay_v whereas_o it_o be_v not_o i_o find_v that_o jacob_n de_fw-fr sancto_fw-la georgio_n ad_fw-la l._n de_fw-fr quibus_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr legib._n observe_v that_o consuctudo_fw-la loci_fw-la excusat_fw-la notarium_fw-la à _fw-la paena_fw-la falsi_fw-la eo_fw-la casu_fw-la iii_o falsehood_n in_o writ_n be_v commit_v by_o omission_n in_o not_o set_v down_o what_o the_o nottar_n be_v desire_v to_o set_v down_o in_o his_o instrument_n or_o omit_v to_o express_v the_o day_n and_o place_n when_o the_o omit_v thereof_o may_v have_v be_v disadvantageous_a in_o our_o law_n he_o of_o old_a who_o falsify_v the_o king_n or_o his_o superior_n charter_n commit_v treason_n but_o he_o who_o falsify_v only_o the_o charter_n of_o a_o private_a man_n be_v only_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o loss_n or_o mutilation_n of_o a_o member_n reg._n maj._n l._n 4._o cap._n 13._o num_fw-la 4._o &_o 5._o or_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v lib._n 30._o cap._n 8._o but_o therefore_o it_o be_v determine_v stat._n alexander_n 19_o that_o the_o forger_n of_o a_o charter_n be_v to_o lose_v the_o right_a hand_n and_o clarus_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o several_a other_o place_n a_o false_a nottar_n be_v only_o punish_v for_o the_o first_o crime_n by_o loss_n of_o his_o hand_n but_o all_o this_o be_v innovat_fw-la with_o we_o by_o the_o 6._o parl._n 80._o act_n ja._n 5._o whereby_o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o those_o who_o make_v false_a instrument_n or_o cause_v they_o be_v make_v or_o use_v the_o same_o witting_o shall_v be_v punish_v for_o the_o same_o in_o their_o person_n and_o good_n with_o all_o rigour_n according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o civil_a and_o common_a law_n but_o because_o that_o act_n punish_v only_o false_a notar_n and_o express_v only_o false_a instrument_n therefore_o by_o the_o 22._o act_n 5._o parl._n q._n m._n it_o be_v extend_v to_o all_o evident_n but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o all_o person_n but_o only_o to_o nottar_n both_o by_o the_o rubric_n and_o body_n of_o the_o act_n from_o which_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o in_o criminalibus_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la argumentandum_fw-la à _fw-la pari_fw-la ultra_fw-la casum_fw-la à _fw-la lege_fw-la definilum_fw-la and_o that_o criminal_a law_n be_v to_o be_v most_o strict_o interpret_v for_o else_o the_o former_a law_n against_o instrument_n may_v well_o enough_o have_v be_v extend_v against_o other_o false_a writ_n which_o be_v ofttimes_o of_o great_a consequence_n than_o instrument_n be_v 2._o the_o reason_n why_o nottar_n be_v more_o severe_o punish_v than_o other_o be_v because_o they_o be_v more_o trust_v than_o other_o for_o of_o old_a they_o be_v churchman_n and_o hence_o spring_v that_o custom_n that_o they_o yet_o design_v themselves_o ego_fw-la a._n b._n notarius_fw-la pub_fw-la dioceseos_fw-la andreopolitanae_fw-la rossensis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o any_o paper_n subscribe_v by_o they_o be_v sufficient_a though_o not_o subscribe_v by_o the_o party_n 3._o the_o punishment_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v prescription_n which_o be_v a_o error_n of_o the_o printer_n put_v for_o prescription_n banishment_n and_o dismember_n of_o hand_n or_o tongue_n but_o because_o it_o be_v receive_v among_o the_o doctor_n that_o a_o statute_n punish_v falsehood_n in_o a_o nottar_n can_v be_v extend_v to_o any_o other_o person_n who_o be_v a_o forger_n fulgos_fw-la consil_n 123._o therefore_o by_o the_o act_n 22._o parl._n 23._o ja._n 6._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o whosoever_o make_v or_o use_v a_o false_a writ_n or_o be_v accessary_n to_o the_o make_v thereof_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o a_o committer_n of_o falsehood_n and_o that_o these_o and_o all_o forger_n of_o writ_n may_v be_v punish_v albeit_o they_o declare_v in_o judgement_n that_o they_o pass_v from_o or_o will_v not_o use_v the_o write_v quarrel_v from_o which_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o see_v the_o forger_n be_v only_o not_o allow_v by_o this_o act_n to_o pass_v from_o the_o writ_n after_o it_o be_v use_v and_o produce_v in_o judgement_n that_o before_o it_o be_v use_v in_o judgement_n it_o may_v be_v pass_v from_o and_o as_o the_o use_n in_o judgement_n be_v a_o further_a prejudice_n and_o degree_n of_o impudence_n than_o a_o simple_a forgery_n which_o may_v be_v repent_v of_o so_o in_o all_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n and_o particular_o in_o barclay_n case_n the_o lord_n take_v great_a pain_n to_o inquire_v if_o the_o writ_n quarrel_v be_v produce_v in_o judgement_n or_o make_v use_n of_o before_o any_o court_n which_o have_v be_v unnecessar_n if_o simple_a forge_n have_v be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v falsehood_n but_o although_o this_o may_v be_v allege_v for_o mitigate_a the_o punishment_n yet_o dempster_n be_v condemn_v for_o counterfeit_v a_o subscription_n in_o a_o reversion_n though_o he_o never_o use_v the_o same_o to_o the_o hurt_n of_o any_o person_n whatsoever_o nor_o will_v abide_v thereby_o and_o a_o sentence_n be_v found_v upon_o this_o act_n 20._o april_n 1620._o these_o who_o give_v a_o false_a testimonial_a to_o any_o man_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v use_v as_o another_o man_n testimonial_a or_o forge_v one_o to_o himself_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n act_n 10._o parl._n 20._o ja._n 6._o but_o this_o act_n seem_v only_o to_o relate_v to_o the_o border_n and_o such_o fugitive_n as_o run_v in_o from_o scotland_n to_o england_n though_o england_n and_o some_o other_o nation_n punish_v theft_n with_o death_n and_o falsehood_n only_o by_o the_o pillary_n and_o confiscation_n of_o moveable_n yet_o our_o own_o law_n seem_v much_o more_o reasonable_a which_o punish_v falsehood_n with_o death_n since_o falsehood_n be_v a_o theft_n and_o a_o degree_n of_o that_o crime_n which_o deserve_v a_o much_o severe_a punishment_n then_o ordinary_a theft_n because_o i_o can_v secure_v my_o good_n against_o a_o thief_n but_o no_o man_n can_v against_o a_o forger_n and_o a_o thief_n can_v but_o at_o most_o steal_v our_o movable_n whereas_o a_o forger_n can_v by_o a_o false_a writ_n take_v away_o the_o property_n of_o our_o land_n and_o thing_n of_o the_o great_a consequence_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr l._n cornel._n de_fw-fr falsis_fw-la §_o ult_n paena_fw-la falsi_fw-la vel_fw-la quasi_fw-la falsi_fw-la deportatio_fw-la est_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la honorum_fw-la publicatio_fw-la &_o siservus_fw-la corum_fw-la quid_fw-la admisserit_fw-la ultimo_fw-la supplicio_fw-la affici_fw-la jubetur_fw-la which_o be_v in_o terminis_fw-la renew_v in_o the_o basilick_n only_o in_o place_n of_o publicatio_fw-la omnium_fw-la honorum_fw-la the_o basilick_n have_v plenae_fw-la publicatio_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o theophil_n ommit_v absolute_o publicatio_fw-la honorum_fw-la and_o make_v it_o to_o be_v simple_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o capital_a the_o reason_n whereof_o seem_v to_o be_v because_o capital_a punishment_n include_v necessary_o publication_n or_o escheat_n of_o good_n l._n 1._o &_o 2._o ff_n de_fw-fr bon._n dam._n and_o albeit_o the_o former_a punishment_n express_v l._n 1._o hold_v general_o in_o falsehood_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o falsehood_n otherwise_o punish_v because_o in_o effect_n they_o fall_v in_o to_o be_v branch_n of_o other_o crime_n thus_o the_o assume_v of_o false_a arm_n aut_fw-la qui_fw-la militiam_fw-la confinxit_fw-la concutiendi_fw-la causa_fw-la be_v capital_a in_o matheus_n judgement_n per_fw-la l._n 27._o h._n t._n because_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o laese-majestie_n but_o i_o find_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o that_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n be_v not_o express_v in_o that_o case_n sed_fw-la pro_fw-la admissi_fw-la
this_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o even_o our_o law_n appoint_v all_o the_o dispute_n upon_o the_o relevancy_n to_o be_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n 2._o the_o assize_n be_v oft_o stumble_v at_o what_o be_v refer_v to_o they_o and_o do_v very_o often_o mistake_v what_o be_v find_v relevant_a and_o what_o not_o 3._o assizer_n with_o we_o be_v oftentimes_o ignorant_a person_n at_o least_o seldom_o or_o never_o be_v they_o so_o judicious_a as_o to_o understand_v such_o intricat_a matter_n as_o advocat_n represent_v to_o they_o especial_o in_o circuit_n court_n where_o few_o have_v see_v assize_n before_o and_o they_o be_v oftentim_n but_o mean_a person_n or_o person_n who_o have_v interest_n 4._o by_o our_o law_n the_o libel_n be_v relevant_a if_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v without_o condescend_v that_o they_o be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o swae_fw-la far_o as_o etc._n etc._n and_o the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n to_o what_o be_v art_n and_o part_n so_o that_o in_o effect_n they_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o almost_o all_o case_n and_o be_v put_v to_o decide_v what_o have_v trouble_v the_o able_a doctor_n and_o author_n and_o so_o often_o time_n they_o return_v unformal_a verdict_n 5._o assizer_n be_v trouble_v in_o their_o commerce_n and_o abstract_v from_o their_o affair_n unnecessary_o be_v obliedge_v frequent_o upon_o continuation_n of_o diet_n to_o wait_v whole_a year_n and_o be_v ofttimes_o absent_a whereby_o diet_n be_v desert_v and_o they_o ofttimes_o syne_v 6._o by_o this_o mean_n assize_n of_o error_n will_v be_v suppress_v with_o which_o assizer_n be_v still_o threaten_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi before_o they_o be_v enclose_v and_o it_o seem_v barbarous_a that_o person_n who_o absolve_v shall_v be_v punish_v whereas_o there_o be_v no_o punishment_n for_o concondemn_v which_o inconveniency_n will_v also_o be_v take_v off_o by_o this_o overture_n 7._o assizers_n may_v in_o our_o law_n judge_n according_a to_o their_o private_a knowledge_n without_o lawful_a probation_n which_o seem_v dangerous_a in_o criminal_a case_n 8._o though_o of_o old_a when_o judge_n and_o assizer_n be_v equal_o ignorant_a assizer_n be_v appoint_v yet_o now_o when_o law_n be_v form_v to_o a_o science_n and_o that_o judge_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v learn_v and_o assizer_n not_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a they_o shall_v be_v suppress_v as_o well_o in_o criminal_a case_n as_o they_o be_v already_o in_o civil_a and_o since_o we_o have_v recee_v from_o the_o present_a custom_n of_o england_n and_o our_o own_o old_a custom_n by_o not_o allow_v assize_n in_o civil_a case_n why_o not_o rather_o in_o criminal_a case_n these_o be_v both_o of_o more_o intricacy_n and_o weight_n especial_o see_v in_o england_n the_o probation_n be_v before_o neighbour_n in_o the_o country_n who_o know_v best_a the_o matter_n of_o fact_n but_o with_o we_o assizer_n be_v seldom_o or_o never_o choose_v from_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v but_o be_v burgess_n of_o edimburgh_n who_o be_v as_o great_a stranger_n to_o what_o past_a as_o the_o judge_n themselves_o and_o if_o assizer_n be_v to_o be_v bring_v from_o the_o country_n it_o will_v be_v very_o expensive_a 9_o the_o most_o learned_a and_o polish_a kingdom_n and_o common_a wealth_n who_o have_v form_v their_o law_n in_o calm_a and_o learned_a age_n make_v there_o judge_n discuss_v both_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n and_o it_o be_v think_v that_o either_o assiser_n have_v be_v introduce_v by_o we_o when_o we_o and_o england_n be_v both_o barbarous_a or_o else_o the_o justice_n have_v invent_v this_o act_n at_o first_o to_o relieve_v themselves_o of_o a_o burden_n v._o the_o assize_n be_v either_o a_o ordinary_a or_o great_a assize_n the_o great_a assize_n be_v that_o whereby_o a_o ordinar_n be_v try_v if_o they_o do_v wrong_v and_o i_o find_v some_o foundation_n for_o their_o term_n par_fw-fr la_fw-fr custum_fw-la d._n langumois_n act_n 4._o &_o de_fw-mi la_fw-fr rochal_a art_n 1._o la_o grand_a assize_n est_fw-fr du_fw-fr seneshal_n la_fw-fr petit_fw-fr du_fw-fr juge_fw-fr prevostal_n a_o ordinary_a assize_n use_v to_o consist_v of_o fifteen_o person_n but_o they_o may_v consist_v of_o more_o or_o few_o if_o the_o number_n be_v unequal_a and_o thus_o the_o penult_n of_o june_n 1614_o ronald_n be_v try_v and_o convict_v for_o dismember_a donaldson_n by_o a_o assize_n of_o thirteen_o person_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o assize_n must_v be_v unequal_a in_o number_n be_v least_o by_o equality_n of_o vot_n affair_n be_v not_o terminat_fw-la and_o bring_v to_o a_o speedy_a issue_n for_o which_o cause_n likewise_o lib._n 2._o reg._n maj._n cap._n 5._o and_o by_o the_o 87._o act_n 6._o parl._n k._n ja._n 1._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o arbiter_n shall_v be_v appoint_v in_o a_o unequal_a number_n and_o yet_o i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o civil_a brief_n of_o right_n a_o assize_n shall_v consist_v of_o twelve_o swear_a man_n albeit_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n the_o assizer_n must_v all_o agree_v in_o one_o voice_n yet_o with_o we_o the_o major_a part_n may_v condemn_v or_o absolve_v but_o if_o six_o of_o fifteen_o be_v only_o positive_a and_o eight_o non_fw-la liquet_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o this_o verdict_n shall_v condemn_v for_o else_o if_o one_o do_v condemn_v and_o fourteen_o be_v not_o clear_a that_o one_o will_v condemn_v which_o be_v most_o absurd_a and_o in_o july_n 1675._o a_o verdict_n in_o a_o perambulation_n betwixt_o walstoun_n and_o sr._n john_n cheesly_n be_v quarrel_v in_o a_o advocation_n as_o unjust_a because_o the_o great_a number_n be_v non_fw-la liquet_n the_o lord_n do_v advocate_n the_o cause_n to_o themselves_o which_o employ_v that_o they_o do_v not_o sustain_v the_o verdict_n as_o valid_a vi_o the_o assizer_n be_v ordinary_o call_v by_o sives_z and_o the_o oath_n administrat_fw-la to_o they_o be_v that_o you_o shall_v all_o the_o truth_n tell_v and_o nae_fw-la truth_n conceal_v in_o so_o far_o as_o you_o be_v to_o pass_v upon_o this_o present_a assize_n swa_o help_v you_o god_n which_o i_o find_v likewise_o to_o have_v be_v the_o form_n of_o old_a reg._n maj._n lib._n 1._o vers_fw-la 12._o and_o albeit_o by_o the_o 138._o act_n 13._o parl._n ja._n 1._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o all_o judge_n shall_v cause_v assiser_n swear_v when_o they_o take_v their_o oath_n that_o they_o have_v not_o take_v any_o bud_n from_o the_o party_n yet_o they_o do_v never_o tender_v to_o they_o this_o oath_n except_o either_o the_o judge_n or_o party_n be_v jealous_a of_o the_o assiser_n assiser_n be_v party_n judge_n partly_o witness_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o they_o be_v judge_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o consider_v the_o probation_n lead_v by_o other_o and_o judge_v whether_o prove_v or_o not_o prove_v they_o be_v witness_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o may_v condemn_v upon_o proper_a knowledge_n without_o any_o other_o probation_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o exception_n may_v be_v propon_v either_o against_o judge_n or_o witness_v be_v admit_v against_o assiser_n and_o thus_o a_o assiser_n be_v set_v for_o that_o be_v the_o term_n of_o decline_v use_v in_o this_o case_n because_o he_o be_v not_o twenty_o five_o year_n of_o age_n which_o be_v the_o age_n require_v in_o a_o judge_n act_n 132._o parl._n 12._o ja._n 6._o vid._n 7._o june_n 1616._o but_o because_o the_o exception_n against_o assiser_n be_v ordinary_o coincident_a with_o these_o that_o be_v against_o witness_n therefore_o we_o shall_v remit_v they_o to_o the_o title_n of_o witness_n only_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o cherurgians_n of_o edinburgh_n be_v exeme_v by_o q._n mary_n from_o be_v cite_v upon_o assize_n because_o of_o the_o peremptoriness_n of_o the_o employment_n which_o be_v sustain_v by_o the_o justice_n july_n 1671._o both_o as_o to_o assize_n within_o the_o town_n and_o without_o the_o town_n though_o our_o learned_a craig_n be_v a_o justice-deput_a have_v former_o sustain_v it_o as_o to_o assize_n without_o the_o town_n only_o vii_o it_o be_v a_o principle_n in_o the_o feudal_a law_n that_o all_o man_n shall_v be_v judge_v per_fw-la pares_fw-la curiae_fw-la the_o meaning_n whereof_o be_v that_o a_o vassal_n shall_v be_v judge_v per_fw-la convassallo_fw-la because_o it_o be_v presume_v that_o these_o understand_v best_o the_o person_n to_o be_v try_v and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o panel_n former_a life_n and_o conversation_n be_v a_o great_a help_n towards_o a_o sound_a judgement_n of_o the_o case_n and_o from_o this_o feudal_a custom_n rise_v our_o maxim_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o his_o peer_n quon_n attach_v cap._n 67._o the_o word_n be_v it_o be_v statute_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o a_o low_a person_n than_o his_o peer_n a_o earl_n by_o a_o earl_n a_o baron_n by_o a_o baron_n
account_v as_o distract_a person_n and_o if_o they_o be_v punishable_a for_o any_o crime_n it_o behove_v to_o be_v for_o such_o as_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n vii_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a and_o too_o ordinary_a for_o woman_n who_o bear_v bastard_n to_o murder_v they_o and_o therefore_o to_o obviate_v this_o the_o law_n presume_v so_o far_o a_o woman_n who_o have_v bear_v a_o bastard_n and_o have_v conceal_v she_o be_v with_o child_n to_o be_v guilty_a of_o parricide_n if_o the_o child_n be_v find_v dead_a that_o it_o punish_v she_o by_o some_o extraordinary_a punishment_n but_o not_o by_o death_n except_o she_o can_v prove_v that_o the_o child_n be_v bear_v dead_a thus_o it_o be_v decide_v in_o savoy_n 1595_o vid._n cod._a fab_n de_fw-mi his_o qui_fw-la parent_n occid_n def._n 11._o and_o with_o we_o lawson_n and_o ramsey_n be_v both_o scourge_v annis_fw-la 1661._o and_o 1662._o even_o though_o they_o be_v assoylzy_v from_o the_o murder_n but_o i_o think_v that_o this_o be_v severe_a if_o the_o woman_n open_o acknowledge_v that_o she_o be_v with_o child_n though_o none_o be_v present_a when_o she_o bring_v it_o forth_o and_o in_o all_o such_o case_n woman_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n the_o take_a potion_n also_o to_o make_v one_o part_n with_o child_n abortum_fw-la procurans_fw-la shall_v be_v a_o species_n of_o parricide_n in_o my_o opinion_n since_o she_o thus_o endeavour_n to_o kill_v she_o own_o child_n and_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n l._n cicero_n ff_n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la and_o though_o the_o doctor_n distinguish_v here_o betwixt_o the_o use_v such_o mean_n after_o the_o child_n be_v quick_a or_o before_o it_o make_v it_o capital_a in_o the_o one_o case_n but_o not_o in_o the_o other_o yet_o they_o presume_v that_o the_o child_n be_v quick_a quod_fw-la fetus_fw-la erat_fw-la animatus_fw-la and_o that_o in_o odium_fw-la delinquentis_fw-la and_o burden_v the_o delinquent_a to_o prove_v the_o contrair_a gomes_n the_o delict_n cap._n 3._o num_fw-la 32._o assert_n that_o this_o be_v presume_v not_o to_o infer_v death_n but_o ecclesiastic_a punishment_n and_o since_o to_o prove_v the_o contrair_a seem_v to_o i_o impossible_a i_o incline_v to_o gomesius_n his_o opinion_n but_o yet_o the_o use_v such_o mean_n even_o before_o the_o birth_n be_v quick_a be_v arbitrary_o punishable_a as_o be_v even_o the_o use_v mean_n to_o hâ—nder_a conception_n marsil_n ad_fw-la l._n si_fw-la mulierem_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr sicar_n and_o in_o these_o case_n both_o the_o physician_n who_o administrat_n the_o cure_n and_o the_o woman_n who_o take_v be_v equal_o punishable_a marsil_n ibid._n viii_o so_o horrid_a be_v parricide_n that_o what_o will_v be_v but_o a_o degree_n of_o guilt_n in_o other_o crime_n make_v a_o complete_a crime_n here_o and_o thus_o a_o child_n endeavour_v to_o poison_v his_o father_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 1._o basil._n h._n t._n and_o to_o kill_v parent_n by_o give_v they_o wound_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n in_o savoy_n c._n fab_n h._n t._n though_o the_o wound_a parent_n intercee_v to_o the_o contrair_a and_o the_o son_n who_o buy_v poison_n to_o poison_v his_o father_n though_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o give_v it_o carer_n §_o homicidium_fw-la num_fw-la 128._o for_o which_o crime_n suffer_v with_o the_o son_n the_o physician_n who_o furnish_v the_o drug_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 2._o basil_n h._n t._n and_o the_o person_n who_o lend_v the_o son_n the_o money_n to_o buy_v they_o but_o regular_o these_o stranger_n be_v not_o capital_o punishable_a for_o such_o a_o accession_n except_o the_o crime_n take_v effect_n and_o this_o be_v the_o present_a custom_n of_o nation_n though_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n and_o the_o basilick_n they_o who_o be_v conscious_a or_o lend_v the_o money_n or_o be_v surety_n for_o money_n to_o be_v so_o bestow_v be_v guilty_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o yet_o he_o who_o command_v a_o son_n to_o kill_v his_o father_n be_v not_o guilty_a of_o parricide_n caepol_n consil._n 36._o which_o may_v seem_v strange_a since_o to_o give_v poison_n to_o kill_v a_o father_n seem_v equal_a guilt_n to_o give_v a_o son_n command_v to_o kill_v his_o father_n as_o these_o circumstance_n heighten_v parricide_n so_o there_o be_v some_o which_o restrict_n the_o punishment_n as_o if_o the_o father_n shall_v find_v that_o his_o son_n have_v lyen_fw-we with_o his_o own_o mother-in-law_n and_o have_v kill_v he_o upon_o that_o account_n though_o not_o in_o the_o very_a act_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lawyer_n think_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v only_o punish_v by_o banishment_n but_o not_o by_o death_n and_o that_o general_o for_o whatever_o crime_n or_o fault_n a_o father_n may_v exheredat_fw-la a_o son_n that_o the_o same_o fault_n will_v excuse_v the_o father_n from_o death_n if_o he_o kill_v his_o son_n l._n divus_o ff_n de_fw-fr paricid_n &_o cabal_n case_z 15._o some_o also_o think_v that_o a_o woman_n kill_v her_o husband_n who_o be_v banish_v and_o upon_o who_o head_n a_o fine_n be_v put_v be_v not_o punishable_a by_o death_n because_o her_o husband_n be_v nullus_fw-la injure_v and_o law_n allow_v all_o to_o kill_v such_o a_o person_n without_o any_o distinction_n betwixt_o wife_n or_o other_o yet_o other_o lawyer_n have_v conclude_v that_o she_o shall_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n since_o such_o sentence_n lose_v not_o the_o wife_n be_v natural_a obligation_n but_o he_o be_v still_o her_o husband_n and_o the_o law_n own_v so_o far_o the_o relation_n as_o not_o to_o punish_v she_o for_o omit_v to_o kill_v he_o or_o for_o cohabit_v with_o he_o cub_n consil_n 278._o a_o father_n kill_v his_o son_n by_o accident_n ought_v not_o to_o die_v and_o therefore_o much_o less_o he_o who_o kill_v he_o in_o defence_n of_o his_o own_o life_n for_o self-defence_n be_v a_o duty_n this_o crime_n be_v so_o odious_a that_o be_v prescribe_v not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d title_n fourteen_o incest_n sodomy_n bestiality_n 1._o what_o incest_n be_v and_o the_o several_a kind_n thereof_o 2._o the_o punishment_n of_o incest_n by_o our_o law_n 3._o sodomy_n how_o punish_v 4._o bestiality_n how_o punish_v incest_n be_v define_v by_o the_o civilian_n to_o be_v faeda_fw-la &_o nefaria_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o fâ—minae_fw-la commixtio_fw-la contra_fw-la reverentiam_fw-la sanguini_fw-la debitam_fw-la incest_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n viz._n that_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o into_o that_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o country_n all_o copulation_n betwixt_o ascendant_n and_o descendant_n such_o as_o grandfather_n father_n mother_n son_n daughter_n etc._n etc._n be_v by_o all_o acknowledge_a to_o be_v incest_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o it_o be_v controvert_v whether_o the_o brother_n lie_v with_o the_o sister_n be_v incest_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o roman_a catholic_n allege_v it_o be_v not_o because_o it_o be_v allow_v at_o the_o beginning_n and_o therefore_o they_o conclude_v that_o the_o pope_n may_v dispense_v therewith_o and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o difference_n betwixt_o that_o incest_n which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o municipal_a law_n the_o second_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o be_v that_o the_o pain_n of_o incest_n when_o it_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v death_n but_o when_o against_o the_o municipal_a law_n it_o be_v only_a deportation_n l._n 5._o ff_n de_fw-fr quest_n the_o three_o difference_n be_v that_o incest_n commit_v only_o against_o the_o municipal_a law_n be_v excuse_v in_o a_o woman_n in_o figura_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la but_o ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o but_o the_o man_n be_v inexcusable_a in_o either_o matheus_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi num._n 5._o the_o four_o difference_n be_v that_o if_o a_o marriage_n contract_v be_v rescind_v as_o incestuous_a all_o the_o committer_n good_n be_v confiscate_v if_o the_o incest_n be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o the_o tocher_n and_o jointure_n be_v only_o confiscate_v if_o the_o incest_n be_v only_o commit_v against_o the_o municipal_a law_n matheus_n ii_o our_o law_n do_v not_o observe_v the_o above-written_a distinction_n but_o it_o be_v universal_o statut._n act_n 14._o p._n 1._o i._o 6._o that_o whosoever_o pollute_v his_o body_n with_o such_o person_n in_o degree_n as_o god_n word_n do_v contain_v in_o the_o 18._o of_o leviticus_n shall_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n albeit_o by_o these_o word_n of_o the_o act_n whosoever_o abuse_v his_o body_n it_o will_v seem_v that_o such_o as_o actual_o copulat_v be_v only_o punishable_a by_o this_o act_n yet_o i_o think_v nudus_fw-la conatus_fw-la or_o endeavour_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n as_o it_o be_v in_o