between_o servitia_fw-la militaria_fw-la and_o servitutes_fw-la militares_fw-la the_o one_o heroick_n noble_a and_o full_a of_o glory_n which_o may_v not_o therefore_o be_v permit_v in_o old_a time_n to_o any_o that_o be_v not_o bear_v of_o free_a parent_n no_o not_o to_o a_o king_n son_n as_o appear_v in_o virgil_n wherein_o our_o saxon_n also_o be_v very_o cautelous_a and_o account_v a_o soldier_n shield_n to_o be_v insigne_fw-la libertatis_fw-la the_o other_o not_o ignoble_a only_o and_o servile_a but_o derive_v even_o from_o very_a bondage_n let_v not_o this_o offend_v i_o will_v say_v no_o more_o 30._o julii_n 1639._o finis_fw-la two_o discourse_n i._o of_o the_o ancient_a government_n of_o england_n ii_o of_o parliament_n by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n kt._n publish_a from_o the_o original_a manuscript_n sapientia_fw-la &_o disciplina_fw-la &_o scientia_fw-la legum_n apud_fw-la deum_fw-la dilectio_fw-la &_o via_fw-la bonorum_fw-la apud_fw-la eum_fw-la wisdom_n and_o knowledge_n and_o understanding_n of_o the_o law_n be_v of_o god_n and_o love_n and_o good_a work_n come_v of_o he_o ecclus_n 11._o 15._o of_o the_o ancient_a government_n of_o england_n to_o tell_v the_o government_n of_o england_n under_o the_o old_a saxon_a law_n seem_v a_o utopia_n to_o we_o present_a strange_a and_o uncouth_a yet_o can_v there_o be_v no_o period_n assign_v wherein_o either_o the_o frame_n of_o those_o law_n be_v abolish_v or_o this_o of_o we_o entertain_v but_o as_o day_n and_o night_n creep_v insensible_o one_o upon_o the_o other_o so_o also_o have_v this_o alteration_n grow_v upon_o we_o unsensible_o every_o age_n alter_v something_o and_o no_o age_n see_v more_o than_o what_o themselves_o be_v actor_n in_o nor_o think_v it_o to_o have_v be_v otherwise_o than_o as_o themselves_o discover_v it_o by_o the_o present_a like_o they_o of_o china_n who_o never_o travail_v out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n think_v the_o whole_a world_n to_o extend_v no_o further_o as_o one_o 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both_o in_o aspect_n and_o in_o lineament_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o right_a side_n or_o elder_a sister_n the_o estate_n ecclesiastical_a be_v first_o divide_v into_o province_n every_o province_n into_o many_o bishopric_n every_o bishopric_n into_o many_o archdeaconries_a every_o arch-deaconry_a into_o divers_a deanery_n every_o deanery_n into_o many_o parish_n and_o all_o these_o commit_v to_o their_o several_a governor_n parson_n dean_n arch-deacon_n bishop_n and_o arch-bishop_n who_o as_o subordinate_a one_o to_o the_o other_o do_v not_o only_o execute_v the_o charge_n of_o these_o their_o several_a portion_n but_o be_v accoumptant_a also_o for_o the_o same_o to_o their_o superior_n the_o parson_n as_o ima_fw-la species_n be_v to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o breach_n of_o god_n peace_n of_o love_n and_o charity_n within_o his_o parish_n to_o reprove_v the_o inordinate_a life_n of_o his_o parishioner_n and_o though_o he_o can_v not_o strike_v with_o the_o ecclesiastical_a sword_n yet_o may_v he_o shake_v it_o against_o they_o by_o enjyon_a notorious_a offender_n to_o contrition_n repentance_n satisfaction_n and_o sometime_o by_o remove_v they_o from_o the_o bless_a sacrament_n the_o dean_n to_o take_v cognisance_n of_o the_o life_n and_o conversation_n of_o the_o parson_n and_o clergyman_n of_o every_o parish_n within_o his_o deanery_n to_o censure_v breach_n of_o church-peace_n and_o to_o punish_v incontinent_a and_o infamous_a liver_n by_o excommunication_n penance_n etc._n etc._n and_o because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o breach_n of_o the_o king_n peace_n but_o it_o must_v also_o break_v the_o peace_n and_o unity_n of_o the_o church_n the_o bishop_n dean_n in_o who_o deanery_n the_o peace_n be_v break_v have_v in_o some_o case_n 10s._o for_o his_o part_n of_o the_o mulct_n or_o fine_a thereof_o as_o appear_v ll._n ed._n confess_v cap._n 31._o the_o archdeacon_n draw_v near_o to_o the_o bishop_n draw_v the_o more_o preeminence_n from_o he_o and_o be_v his_o coadjutor_n in_o the_o ordination_n of_o clerk_n have_v a_o superintendent_n power_n over_o all_o parochial_a parson_n within_o every_o deanery_n of_o his_o precinct_n the_o bishop_n as_o the_o great_a orb_n of_o the_o diocese_n have_v jurisdiction_n and_o coercion_n through_o the_o same_o in_o all_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n and_o on_o all_o person_n except_o monastery_n exempt_v 38_o and_o for_o this_o purpose_n have_v two_o general_a synod_n in_o the_o year_n wherein_o all_o the_o clergy_n of_o his_o diocese_n assemble_v for_o determine_v matter_n touch_v the_o church_n as_o well_o in_o faith_n as_o in_o government_n but_o the_o archbishop_n to_o bind_v up_o this_o golden_a faggot_n in_o the_o band_n of_o union_n and_o conformity_n com._n comprehend_v all_o the_o bishop_n of_o his_o province_n sub_fw-la pallio_fw-la suae_fw-la plenitudinis_fw-la or_o sub_fw-la plenitudine_fw-la potestatis_fw-la have_v supreme_a jurisdiction_n to_o visit_v and_o reform_v in_o all_o their_o diocese_n whatsoever_o be_v defective_a or_o omit_v that_o by_o this_o mean_v no_o transgression_n may_v break_v through_o so_o many_o ward_n but_o if_o it_o escape_v the_o sword_n of_o hasael_n jehu_n may_v slay_v it_o or_o if_o it_o pass_v they_o both_o yet_o elisha_n may_v light_v upon_o it_o this_o be_v the_o model_n of_o the_o church_n policy_n compose_v no_o doubt_n out_o of_o that_o fundamental_a rule_n of_o government_n prescribe_v by_o jethro_n unto_o moses_n appoint_v ruler_n over_o thousand_o over_o hundred_o over_o fifty_n and_o over_o ten_o according_a to_o the_o step_n whereof_o the_o state_n temporal_a do_v likewise_o take_v her_o lineament_n for_o the_o temporal_a government_n be_v likewise_o divide_v into_o satrapy_n or_o dukedom_n which_o contain_v in_o they_o divers_a county_n the_o county_n divers_a lath_n or_o trithing_n every_o trthe_v divers_a hundred_o or_o wapentake_n every_o hundred_o divers_a town_n or_o lordship_n short_o after_o call_v barony_n and_o the_o government_n of_o all_o these_o be_v commit_v to_o their_o several_a head_n
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manifest_a and_o so_o frequent_a i_o confess_v there_o be_v many_o specious_a show_n of_o knight-service_n and_o socage_n among_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n but_o whether_o by_o way_n of_o tenure_n contract_n or_o de_fw-fr more_fw-mi gentium_fw-la must_v be_v well_o examine_v for_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o nation_n have_v former_o as_o great_a command_n over_o their_o follower_n and_o such_o as_o dwell_v upon_o their_o land_n as_o our_o saxon_n have_v yet_o be_v it_o without_o any_o rule_n or_o speech_n of_o tenure_n use_v the_o word_n tenura_n be_v neither_o know_v nor_o find_v in_o any_o latin_a author_n of_o antiquity_n nor_o any_o conjugate_v thereof_o as_o tenentes_fw-la tenementa_fw-la tenere_fw-la or_o tenendum_fw-la in_o a_o feodal_a sense_n the_o first_o place_n where_o i_o meet_v with_o tenere_fw-la in_o that_o manner_n be_v among_o the_o salique_n and_o german_n in_o the_o constitution_n before_o mention_v of_o conradus_n the_o emperor_n about_o the_o year_n 915_o when_o 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king_n of_o the_o mercian_n date_v anno_fw-la 868._o the_o word_n de_fw-fr eodem_fw-la seodo_fw-la as_o though_o lordship_n at_o that_o time_n have_v be_v distribute_v into_o feud_n which_o be_v report_v by_o ingulfus_n charter_n a_o saxon_a give_v great_a probability_n that_o feud_n be_v then_o in_o use_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o these_o charter_n be_v as_o i_o say_v in_o latin_n and_o not_o in_o saxon_a and_o therefore_o not_o likely_a to_o be_v the_o very_a original_n but_o translation_n of_o they_o make_v after_o the_o conquest_n for_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o norman_n either_o by_o ingulf_n himself_o or_o some_o other_o expert_a in_o the_o norman_a language_n law_n and_o custom_n who_o apply_v himself_o to_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o norman_n use_v norman_a word_n and_o such_o interpretation_n as_o they_o be_v best_a acquaint_v with_o though_o differ_v from_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n and_o so_o perhaps_o translate_v de_fw-la 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saxon_a tongue_n before_o the_o conquest_n wherein_o any_o feodal_n word_n be_v apparent_o express_v a_o saxon_a chronicle_n tell_v we_o that_o king_n alfred_n in_o the_o year_n 896._o give_v london_n to_o ethelred_n a_o earl_n or_o alderman_n that_o marry_v his_o daughter_n ethelfle_v to_o healdo_n that_o be_v ad_fw-la tenendum_fw-la which_o some_o understand_v feodally_n as_o to_o hold_v it_o of_o he_o but_o wigorniensis_n report_v the_o matter_n plain_o ad_fw-la servandum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o keep_v and_o defend_v it_o so_o among_o the_o custom_n of_o kent_n the_o word_n healder_n i._n e._n holder_n be_v use_v for_o a_o tenant_n in_o the_o saxon_a distich_n there_o cite_v but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o those_o custom_n be_v collect_v long_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o therefore_o write_v in_o the_o norman_a tongue_n not_o in_o the_o saxon_a and_o that_o the_o distich_n itself_o be_v not_o of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a but_o of_o a_o puisne_n dialect_n use_v vulgar_o since_o the_o conquest_n examine_v but_o because_o the_o charter_n of_o beorredus_n produce_v by_o myself_o against_o myself_o be_v more_o material_a for_o proof_n of_o feud_n among_o the_o saxon_n than_o all_o that_o be_v allege_v to_o that_o purpose_n in_o the_o report_n first_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o antiquity_n thereof_o then_o for_o that_o it_o name_v the_o word_n feodo_fw-it express_o and_o three_o for_o that_o it_o declare_v certain_a land_n to_o be_v de_fw-fr eodem_fw-la feodo_fw-la as_o if_o there_o be_v many_o other_o feod_n then_o in_o use_n give_v i_o leave_v i_o beseech_v you_o to_o examine_v this_o charter_n yet_o more_o large_o and_o particular_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o elder_n saxon_n make_v their_o ordinary_a conveyance_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n without_o deed_n or_o writing_n by_o delivery_n of_o a_o turf_n or_o spear_n a_o staff_n a_o arrow_n or_o some_o other_o symbol_n in_o token_n thereof_o yea_o their_o very_a law_n like_o those_o of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n call_v rhetra_n be_v unwritten_a till_o ethelbert_n their_o first_o
by_o the_o saxon_n it_o cast_v anchor_n chief_o on_o relief_n as_o a_o thing_n most_o evident_a and_o unanswerable_a the_o rest_n save_o wardship_n it_o scarce_o fortify_v with_o a_o breath_n beside_o the_o bare_a assertion_n this_o it_o say_v be_v common_a and_o in_o pursuit_n thereof_o 37._o add_v these_o word_n for_o relief_n we_o have_v full_a testimony_n in_o the_o relief_n of_o their_o earl_n and_o thanes_z for_o which_o see_v the_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n cap._n 68_o and_o 69._o the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n cap._n de_fw-fr heretochiis_fw-la and_o what_o out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n coke_n have_v in_o his_o instit_n sect._n 103._o camden_n in_o berkshire_n selden_n in_o eadmer_n 154._o great_a authority_n secumque_fw-la deos_fw-la in_o praelia_fw-la ducunt_fw-la we_o must_v not_o meddle_v with_o they_o all_o at_o once_o let_v we_o try_v they_o single_o the_o law_n cite_v out_o of_o canutus_n be_v in_o these_o word_n and_o beon_o ða_fw-la heregeata_fw-la let_v the_o heriot_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v after_o the_o death_n of_o great_a man_n be_v according_a to_o their_o dignity_n a_o earl_n eight_o horse_n four_o saddle_v and_o four_o unsaddle_v four_o helmet_n four_o corslet_n eight_o spear_n and_o as_o many_o shield_n four_o sword_n and_o two_o hundred_o mark_n of_o gold_n the_o heriot_n of_o a_o thane_n next_o to_o the_o king_n four_o horse_n two_o saddle_v and_o two_o unsaddle_v two_o sword_n four_o spear_n four_o shield_n one_o helmet_n one_o corslet_n and_o fifty_o mark_n of_o the_o inferior_a or_o middling_a thane_n a_o horse_n furnish_v and_o his_o weapon_n etc._n etc._n mediocris_fw-la and_o he_o that_o less_o have_v and_o less_o may_v let_v his_o heriot_n be_v two_o pound_n here_o be_v speech_n indeed_o of_o a_o heriot_n but_o none_o of_o relief_n i_o shall_v anon_o show_v the_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o then_o have_v this_o law_n nothing_o against_o i_o touch_v the_o law_n allege_v to_o be_v edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o word_n be_v these_o qui_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la ante_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la ceciderit_fw-la sit_fw-la hoc_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la sit_fw-la alibi_fw-la sint_fw-la ei_fw-la relevationes_fw-la condonatae_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o i_o confess_v be_v mention_n of_o relief_n but_o i_o deny_v this_o to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n it_o be_v true_a that_o it_o be_v publish_v by_o lambard_n among_o his_o receive_a law_n but_o if_o you_o mark_v it_o in_o a_o differ_a letter_n as_o note_v it_o to_o be_v a_o addition_n in_o a_o ancient_a ms._n therefore_o which_o i_o have_v of_o those_o law_n it_o be_v not_o sound_a nor_o in_o the_o print_a copy_n of_o roger_n hoveden_n who_o write_v till_o the_o three_o year_n of_o king_n john_n that_o be_v 134._o year_n after_o the_o confessor_n time_n with_o reverence_n therefore_o be_v it_o speak_v it_o be_v mistake_v both_o in_o the_o report_n and_o by_o my_o ld._n coke_n himself_o who_o it_o follow_v if_o they_o say_v that_o these_o word_n be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n yea_o the_o text_n itself_o make_v ....._o of_o william_n the_o young_a call_v rufus_n but_o to_o conceal_v no_o truth_n it_o be_v deliver_v by_o jornalensis_n monachus_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n as_o a_o law_n of_o a_o elder_a king_n among_o we_o than_o the_o confessor_n namely_o of_o canutus_n our_o danish_a king_n who_o in_o the_o 157._o chap._n of_o his_o law_n speak_v of_o one_o slay_v in_o battle_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o lord_n say_v express_o sint_fw-la ei_fw-la relevationes_fw-la condonatae_fw-la now_o the_o game_n seem_v to_o be_v win_v but_o stay_v a_o while_n and_o remember_v what_o i_o say_v before_o of_o the_o translation_n of_o our_o saxon_a law_n and_o charter_n into_o latin_n the_o saxon_n and_o the_o dane_n who_o language_n and_o law_n differ_v little_a in_o those_o day_n write_v their_o law_n only_o in_o their_o own_o tongue_n and_o the_o translate_n of_o they_o have_v beget_v much_o variety_n and_o many_o controversy_n we_o must_v therefore_o resort_v to_o the_o original_a saxon_a where_o this_o passage_n be_v in_o the_o 75_o the_o chap._n of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o his_o law_n in_o these_o word_n &_o see_v man_n ðe_fw-la aet_fw-la ðam_fw-la syâ—dung_n toforan_n his_o hlaâ—ord_n bealle_n sy_a hit_v innan_n land_n sy_a hit_n of_o land_n beon_fw-mi herogeata_fw-la forgyfene_fw-la which_o be_v thus_o verbatim_o the_o man_n that_o in_o a_o military_a voyage_n be_v slay_v before_o or_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o lord_n be_v it_o upon_o land_n or_o off_o of_o land_n let_v the_o heriot_n be_v forgive_v he_o he_o say_v not_o let_v the_o releif_n but_o let_v the_o heriot_n be_v forgive_v he_o and_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o this_o may_v be_v one_o of_o the_o danish_a law_n which_o edward_n the_o confessor_n take_v out_o of_o canutus_n law_n when_o he_o compose_v the_o common_a law_n out_o of_o the_o west_n saxon_a law_n mercian_n law_n and_o dane_n law_n if_o the_o copy_n of_o they_o be_v extant_a and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n or_o one_o of_o his_o son_n do_v turn_v that_o law_n of_o heriot_n into_o this_o of_o relief_n for_o that_o which_o my_o lord_n coke_n have_v out_o of_o doomsday_n be_v the_o same_o which_o mr._n cambden_n have_v in_o berkshire_n touch_v all_o that_o county_n ut_fw-la tainus_n vel_fw-la miles_n regis_fw-la dominicus_n moriens_fw-la pro_fw-la releviamento_fw-la dimittebat_fw-la regi_fw-la omne_fw-la arma_fw-la sua_fw-la &_o equum_fw-la unum_fw-la cum_fw-la sella_fw-la &_o alium_fw-la sine_fw-la sella_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la essent_fw-la cane_n vel_fw-la accipitres_fw-la praestabantur_fw-la releviamentum_fw-la regi_fw-la ut_fw-la sivellet_fw-la acciperet_fw-la here_o be_v releviamentum_fw-la use_v in_o the_o conquerour_n time_n which_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o our_o question_n be_v of_o it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n that_o also_o cite_v by_o and_o out_o of_o mr._n selden_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o one_o answer_n therefore_o serve_v to_o all_o the_o three_o yet_o by_o way_n of_o corollary_n i_o shall_v anon_o discover_v another_o error_n of_o this_o sort_n rise_v even_o from_o doomsday_n itself_o and_o the_o norman_n possess_v this_o kingdom_n of_o the_o saxon_n but_o not_o well_o instruct_v in_o their_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v chap._n xviii_o difference_n between_o heriot_n and_o relief_n relief_n heriot_n be_v usual_a among_o the_o latter_a saxon_n relief_n among_o the_o elder_n norman_n before_o their_o come_n into_o england_n this_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o other_o nation_n that_o ordain_v by_o ludovicus_n al._n clodoveus_n king_n of_o france_n about_o the_o year_n 511._o to_o tame_a the_o almain_n who_o he_o then_o have_v bring_v to_o servitude_n i_o find_v it_o not_o in_o england_n till_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o dane_n the_o first_o law_n which_o i_o find_v that_o mention_v it_o be_v those_o of_o canutus_n before_o mention_v who_o perhaps_o for_o the_o assurance_n of_o his_o throne_n use_v this_o politic_a device_n to_o have_v all_o the_o armour_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o his_o disposition_n in_o this_o manner_n when_o he_o have_v dismiss_v his_o danish_a army_n but_o it_o fall_v so_o out_o as_o the_o heriot_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v at_o or_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o old_a tenant_n and_o the_o relief_n at_o or_o before_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o new_a the_o norman_n in_o this_o do_v like_o our_o ancestor_n the_o saxon_n who_o because_o our_o christian_n pascha_fw-la or_o passover_n fall_v out_o yearly_a to_o be_v celebrate_v about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o feast_n of_o their_o idol_n easter_n call_v our_o passover_n by_o the_o name_n of_o their_o easter_n so_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v conceive_v the_o saxon_a heriot_n to_o be_v the_o same_o that_o their_o norman_a relief_n be_v and_o therefore_o translate_v the_o word_n heriot_n by_o releviamentum_fw-la or_o relevium_fw-la and_o raise_v the_o form_n of_o their_o feudal_n law_n in_o england_n draw_v the_o saxon_a custom_n to_o cohere_v therewith_o as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v but_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n between_o heriot_n and_o relief_n for_o heriot_n be_v militiae_fw-la apparatus_n which_o the_o word_n signify_v and_o devise_v as_o i_o say_v before_o to_o keep_v the_o conquer_a nation_n in_o subjection_n and_o to_o support_v the_o public_a strength_n and_o military_a furniture_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o relief_n for_o the_o private_a commodity_n of_o the_o lord_n that_o he_o may_v not_o have_v inutilem_fw-la proprietatem_fw-la in_o the_o seignory_n the_o heriots_n be_v therefore_o proper_o pay_v in_o habiliment_n of_o war_n the_o relief_n usual_o in_o money_n the_o heriot_n for_o the_o tenant_n that_o die_v and_o out_o of_o his_o good_n â—_o the_o relief_n for_o the_o tenant_n
his_o great_a knowledge_n and_o that_o he_o live_v near_o to_o the_o conquest_n by_o two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o time_n than_o we_o do_v exchequer_n well_o there_o be_v yet_o a_o elder_a and_o one_o that_o may_v see_v some_o that_o live_v in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n the_o author_n of_o the_o black-book_n of_o the_o chequer_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o saxon_a law_n and_o those_o of_o the_o conqueror_n say_v cap._n 16._o fol._n 16._o b._n quasdam_fw-la reprobavit_fw-la quasdam_fw-la autem_fw-la approbans_fw-la illis_fw-la transmarinas_fw-la neustriae_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la normanniae_fw-la leges_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la regni_fw-la pacem_fw-la tuendam_fw-la efficacissimae_fw-la videbantur_fw-la adjecit_fw-la what_o be_v those_o neustrian_a law_n or_o what_o can_v they_o be_v in_o all_o the_o book_n of_o the_o law_n for_o preserve_v peace_n save_v military_a tenor_n and_o the_o exchequer_n itself_o where_o the_o cognisance_n of_o all_o these_o tenor_n lie_v be_v bring_v in_o also_o by_o the_o conqueror_n but_o ingulphus_n the_o abbot_n of_o croyland_n live_v long_o in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n and_o be_v one_o of_o his_o domestic_n or_o familiar_n as_o he_o term_v himself_o and_o by_o he_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o conqueror_n not_o only_o general_o dispossess_v the_o saxon_n and_o give_v their_o land_n to_o his_o norman_n and_o other_o but_o change_v also_o their_o manner_n of_o conveyance_n the_o form_n of_o their_o charter_n and_o the_o course_n of_o make_v knight_n whereupon_o all_o the_o rule_n of_o knight-service_n have_v since_o depend_v see_v his_o word_n p._n 901._o for_o at_o that_o time_n miles_n &_o per_fw-la militiam_fw-la tenens_fw-la be_v all_o one_o by_o glanvil_n testimony_n lib._n 7._o ca._n 3._o p._n 49._o but_o when_o all_o fail_v i_o hope_v they_o will_v believe_v the_o conqueror_n himself_o who_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o his_o law_n and_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o we_o now_o call_v a_o parliament_n publish_v by_o mr._n lambard_n use_v these_o word_n statuimus_fw-la &_o sirmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la &_o universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la se_fw-la semper_fw-la bene_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la &_o in_o equis_fw-la ut_fw-la decet_fw-la &_o oportet_fw-la et_fw-la quod_fw-la sint_fw-la semper_fw-la prompti_fw-la &_o parati_fw-la ad_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la integrum_fw-la nobis_fw-la explendum_fw-la &_o peragendum_fw-la cum_fw-la semper_fw-la opus_fw-la adfuerit_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la debent_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la &_o tenementis_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o sicut_fw-la illis_fw-la statuimus_fw-la per_fw-la common_a consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la &_o illis_fw-la dedimus_fw-la &_o concessimus_fw-la in_o feodis_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditatio_fw-la hoc_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la violatum_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la super_fw-la forisfacturam_fw-la plenam_fw-la here_o the_o word_n statuimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n show_v that_o it_o be_v the_o conqueror_n institution_n and_o concessimus_fw-la in_o feodis_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la imply_v that_o feud_n be_v not_o hereditary_a before_o this_o grant_n but_o there_o may_v lie_v the_o same_o objection_n against_o it_o which_o myself_o make_v against_o the_o like_a in_o edw._n the_o confessor_n law_n that_o it_o be_v in_o a_o differ_a letter_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o text_n and_o not_o find_v in_o the_o copy_n leave_v unto_o we_o by_o roger_n hoveden_n i_o acknowledge_v it_o but_o i_o see_v that_o here_o every_o thing_n agree_v with_o the_o manner_n law_n time_n and_o idiom_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o i_o conceive_v that_o it_o be_v fall_v out_o as_o it_o do_v of_o old_a in_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a and_o sardis_n and_o many_o other_o too_o several_a council_n to_o be_v join_v together_o for_o hoveden_n mention_v his_o copy_n to_o be_v decretum_fw-la in_o civitate_fw-la claudia_n that_o be_v gloster_n but_o lambard_n his_o to_o be_v in_o civitate_fw-la londra_n london_n so_o that_o they_o seem_v two_o several_a constitution_n make_v at_o several_a time_n and_o place_n and_o here_o put_v together_o into_o one_o howsoever_o it_o be_v it_o be_v very_o observable_a for_o it_o discover_v that_o which_o elsewhere_o we_o meet_v not_o with_o so_o perspicuous_o relate_v that_o the_o great_a dignity_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n or_o ministerial_a thanes_z which_o before_o be_v arbitrable_a or_o but_o for_o life_n and_o those_o also_o of_o the_o lesser_a sort_n which_o enjoy_v the_o knight_n fee_n no_o otherwise_o than_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v either_o now_o erect_v with_o we_o or_o make_v hereditary_a according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o feodal_n law_n before_o recite_v till_o now_o therefore_o there_o can_v no_o wardship_n marriage_n relief_n or_o other_o feodal_n servitude_n thereupon_o depend_v be_v among_o we_o nor_o can_v the_o word_n feodum_fw-la be_v take_v for_o haereditas_fw-la the_o one_o be_v former_o contrary_a to_o the_o other_o for_o cujacius_n and_o the_o feudist_n feud_n lib._n 2._o tit._n 17._o p._n 166._o make_v proprietas_fw-la alodium_fw-la &_o haereditas_fw-la to_o be_v all_o one_o in_o feodal_n sense_n and_o feodum_fw-la to_o be_v contrary_a to_o they_o all_o as_o res_fw-la alienae_n proprietatis_fw-la servituti_fw-la obnoxia_fw-la &_o successionis_fw-la coercitae_fw-la and_o be_v until_o this_o time_n not_o hereditary_a but_o arbitrable_a the_o course_n be_v thus_o change_v by_o the_o conqueror_n be_v present_o pursue_v here_o in_o england_n according_a to_o the_o norman_a manner_n as_o appear_v in_o doomsday_n where_o it_o be_v say_v habet_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la feudo_fw-la de_fw-la w._n comite_fw-la radulpho_n de_fw-fr limb_n 50_o carucat_n terrae_fw-la sicut_fw-la fit_a in_o normannia_n he_o join_v normannia_n with_o feudum_n as_o to_o show_v we_o whence_o it_o come_v and_o where_o we_o shall_v see_v the_o pattern_n of_o it_o disuse_v the_o old_a saxon_a manner_n of_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n by_o hide_n and_o levy_v soldier_n according_a to_o the_o hide_n grow_v now_o out_o of_o use_n and_o instead_o thereof_o the_o king_n war_n to_o be_v supply_v by_o knight_n fee_n the_o number_n whereof_o short_o after_o be_v account_v as_o sprott_n the_o monk_n of_o canterbury_n relate_v to_o 60215._o and_o of_o they_o he_o say_v 28115._o be_v in_o the_o clergy_n hand_n the_o norman_n also_o change_v the_o name_n of_o a_o hyde_n of_o land_n and_o call_v it_o carruè_fw-fr a_o plough_n land_n and_o as_o it_o seem_v in_o erect_v and_o lay_v forth_o their_o knight_n fee_n assign_v ordinary_o two_o carrue_n or_o plough_n land_n to_o a_o knight_n fee_n for_o it_o be_v note_v out_o of_o the_o black_a register_n of_o st._n edmunds-bury_a that_o will._n the_o conqueror_n give_v to_o baldwin_n then_o abbot_n there_o octoginta_fw-la carucatas_fw-la terrae_fw-la unde_fw-la feodaret_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la milites_fw-la and_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o so_o much_o land_n in_o those_o time_n be_v a_o knight_n fee_n at_o this_o day_n value_v in_o the_o law_n book_n but_o at_o five_o pound_n chap._n xxviii_o the_o conclusion_n i_o will_v wander_v no_o further_o in_o this_o argument_n i_o suppose_v i_o may_v be_v bold_a out_o of_o that_o which_o be_v already_o say_v to_o conclude_v that_o i_o be_v not_o mistake_v in_o refer_v the_o original_n of_o our_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o that_o my_o conjecture_n do_v not_o cross_v the_o force_n of_o any_o law_n but_o now_o i_o come_v to_o a_o end_n i_o must_v discover_v a_o great_a mistake_v commit_v by_o he_o that_o draw_v the_o breviate_v for_o the_o reverend_a judge_n for_o he_o have_v make_v we_o all_o on_o both_o side_n like_o pan_n in_o 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to_o mr._n clement_n spelman_n who_o be_v sir_n henry_n young_a son_n both_o write_v with_o our_o author_n be_v own_o hand_n to_o this_o answer_n he_o refer_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n under_o the_o title_n muta_fw-la canum_fw-la the_o letter_n relate_v to_o the_o same_o subject_n be_v in_o a_o collection_n of_o original_a paper_n and_o record_n deliver_v to_o mr._n wharton_n by_o archbishop_n sancroft_n and_o now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o mr._n châ—â—wel_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o original_a of_o testament_n and_o will_n and_o his_o icenia_n or_o the_o description_n of_o norfolk_n be_v both_o publish_v from_o the_o author_n be_v own_o copy_n in_o the_o bodleian_n library_n the_o latter_a of_o these_o be_v not_o so_o complete_a as_o he_o have_v intend_v to_o make_v it_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o earl_n marshal_v of_o england_n and_o the_o dissertation_n de_fw-fr milite_fw-la be_v evident_o design_v for_o a_o part_n of_o his_o glossary_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o composition_n and_o from_o several_a passage_n in_o they_o but_o when_o the_o paper_n be_v deliver_v to_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n for_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o that_o work_n these_o two_o it_o seem_v have_v be_v mislay_v the_o account_n of_o the_o earl_n marshal_n be_v i_o fear_v imperfect_a in_o some_o place_n but_o will_v however_o be_v of_o good_a use_n towards_o a_o more_o accurate_a catalogue_n of_o they_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o family_n of_o sharnburn_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o antiquity_n that_o be_v exceed_o value_v by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n as_o appear_v both_o from_o his_o 188._o recommendation_n and_o from_o the_o use_n that_o he_o have_v make_v of_o it_o in_o some_o part_n of_o his_o work_n have_v meet_v with_o a_o copy_n in_o mr._n ashmole_n museum_fw-la at_o oxford_n i_o think_v it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o publish_v it_o among_o his_o remain_n the_o dialogue_n concern_v the_o coin_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o mr._n charles_n spelman_n the_o first_o be_v write_v in_o a_o hand_n not_o unlike_a sir_n henry_n spelman_n only_o somewhat_o less_o which_o if_o it_o be_v real_o he_o may_v have_v be_v occasion_v by_o his_o write_n it_o while_o he_o be_v young_a for_o it_o 208._o appear_v to_o have_v be_v compose_v in_o the_o 36._o of_o elizabeth_n when_o sir_n henry_n be_v but_o about_o thirty_o three_o year_n of_o age_n the_o catalogue_n be_v draw_v up_o durham-house_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n james_n i._o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o then_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n as_o i_o gather_v from_o those_o word_n in_o the_o beginning_n write_v in_o a_o different_a hand_n pro_fw-la domino_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la cantuar._n i_o dare_v not_o positive_o affirm_v that_o either_o of_o these_o be_v sir_n henry_n spelman_n but_o the_o find_v they_o among_o his_o other_o paper_n and_o the_o accurate_a knowledge_n of_o our_o english_a affair_n which_o appear_v in_o both_o incline_v i_o to_o believe_v that_o he_o be_v real_o the_o author_n of_o they_o and_o for_o that_o reason_n they_o be_v print_v upon_o this_o occasion_n this_o be_v all_o i_o have_v to_o say_v concern_v the_o posthumous_n work_v of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n which_o i_o be_v willing_a to_o make_v public_a for_o the_o author_n reputation_n and_o the_o service_n of_o the_o world_n the_o life_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n kt._o birth_n henry_n spelman_n be_v bear_v at_o congham_n a_o town_n in_o norfolk_n near_o lynn_n he_o be_v descend_v from_o a_o ancient_a family_n of_o that_o name_n who_o about_z henry_n the_o iii_n time_n be_v seat_v in_o hampshire_n but_o afterward_o remove_v into_o suffolk_n and_o from_o thence_o into_o norfolk_n about_o 200._o year_n since_o his_o father_n name_n be_v henry_n spelman_n esq_n as_o i_o learn_v from_o a_o pedigree_n of_o the_o family_n under_o sir_n henry_n own_o hand_n and_o not_o john_n as_o a_o a._n late_a writer_n have_v tell_v we_o his_o mother_n be_v frances_n daughter_n of_o william_n sanders_n of_o ewel_n in_o surrey_n esq_n education_n after_o his_o education_n at_o school_n he_o be_v send_v to_o trinity_n college_n in_o cambridge_n before_o he_o be_v quite_o 15._o year_n of_o age_n and_o indeed_o as_o he_o gloss_n himself_o complain_v before_o he_o be_v ripe_a for_o the_o university_n he_o have_v not_o stay_v there_o two_o year_n and_o a_o half_a but_o his_o father_n die_v and_o he_o be_v call_v home_o to_o assist_v his_o mother_n in_o the_o management_n of_o the_o family_n afterward_o when_o he_o come_v into_o the_o world_n and_o betake_v himself_o to_o write_v and_o the_o study_n of_o our_o law_n he_o find_v the_o want_n of_o university_n education_n and_o condole_n his_o misfortune_n in_o that_o particular_a in_o a_o 4tâ—_n letter_n to_o his_o friend_n mr._n richard_n
majesty_n will_v please_v to_o consider_v his_o son_n according_o the_o king_n send_v for_o mr._n spelman_n and_o with_o many_o expression_n of_o kindness_n immediate_o spelman_n confer_v on_o he_o the_o honour_n of_o knighthood_n after_o the_o civil_a war_n break_v out_o his_o majesty_n by_o a_o letter_n under_o his_o own_o hand_n command_v he_o from_o his_o own_o house_n in_o norfolk_n to_o give_v his_o attendance_n at_o oxford_n where_o he_o be_v oftentimes_o call_v to_o private_a council_n and_o employ_v to_o write_v several_a paper_n in_o vindication_n of_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o court_n but_o while_o he_o be_v thus_o attend_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o public_a and_o when_o these_o will_v give_v he_o leave_v his_o own_o private_a study_n he_o fall_v sick_a and_o die_v the_o 25._o of_o july_n 1643._o his_o funeral_n sermon_n by_o his_o majesty_n be_v special_a order_n be_v preach_v by_o archbishop_n usher_n a_o intimate_a acquaintance_n both_o of_o the_o father_n and_o son_n in_o the_o year_n 1640._o he_o have_v publish_v the_o saxon_a psalter_n from_o a_o ancient_a ms._n of_o sir_n henry_n which_o as_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o preface_n be_v a_o task_n enjoin_v he_o by_o his_o father_n he_o also_o write_v the_o life_n of_o king_n alfred_n in_o english_a which_o have_v lie_v several_a year_n in_o manuscript_n be_v at_o last_o translate_v into_o latin_a and_o publish_v in_o 1678._o with_o mr._n walker_n commentary_n upon_o it_o spelman_n clement_n spelman_n young_a son_n to_o sir_n henry_n be_v a_o councillor_n and_o make_v puny_a baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n upon_o the_o restoration_n of_o king_n charles_n ii_o he_o 2._o publish_v some_o piece_n relate_v to_o the_o government_n and_o a_o large_a preface_n to_o his_o father_n book_n de_fw-fr non_fw-la temerandis_fw-la ecclesiis_fw-la die_v in_o june_n 1679._o he_o be_v bury_v in_o st._n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n 〈…〉_z to_o return_v to_o sir_n henry_n he_o die_v in_o london_n at_o the_o house_n of_o sir_n ralph_n whitfeild_n his_o son-in-law_n be_v about_o 80._o year_n of_o age._n his_o body_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o king_n charles_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v inter_v in_o westminster-abbey_n whither_o it_o be_v carry_v with_o great_a solemnity_n on_o the_o 24_o the_o of_o october_n 1641._o and_o bury_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o pillar_n over_o against_o mr._n camden_n monument_n the_o several_a discourse_n contain_a in_o this_o volume_n 1._o the_o original_a growth_n propagation_n and_o condition_n of_o feud_n and_o tenor_n by_o knight-service_n in_o england_n pag._n 1._o chap._n i._n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o discourse_n and_o what_o a_o feud_n be_v p._n 1._o chap._n ii_o the_o original_a growth_n and_o propagation_n of_o feud_n first_o in_o general_n then_o in_o england_n p._n 2._o chap._n iii_o that_o none_o of_o our_o feodal_n word_n nor_o word_n of_o tenure_n be_v find_v in_o any_o law_n or_o ancient_a charter_n of_o the_o saxon_n p._n 7._o chap._n iu._n of_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la more_o particular_o p._n 10._o chap._n v._o what_o degree_n and_o distinction_n of_o person_n be_v among_o the_o saxon_n and_o of_o what_o condition_n their_o land_n be_v p._n 11._o chap._n vi_o of_o earl_n among_o our_o saxon_n p._n 13._o chap._n vii_o of_o ceorl_n and_o that_o they_o be_v ordinary_o but_o as_o tenant_n at_o will_n or_o have_v land_n hold_v not_o by_o knight-service_n p._n 14._o chap._n viii_o of_o thanes_z and_o their_o several_a kind_n p._n 16._o chap._n ix_o charter_n of_o thaneland_n grant_v by_o saxon_a king_n not_o only_o without_o mention_n of_o tenure_n or_o feodal-service_n but_o with_o all_o immunity_n except_o expedition_n etc._n etc._n p._n 19_o chap._n x._o observation_n upon_o the_o precedent_n charter_n show_v that_o the_o thaneland_n or_o expedition_n be_v not_o feodal_n or_o do_v lie_v in_o tenure_n p._n 21._o chap._n xi_o more_o touch_v the_o freedom_n of_o thaneland_n out_o of_o doomsday_n p._n 23._o chap._n xii_o the_o fruit_n of_o feodal_n tenor_n and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o find_v among_o the_o saxon_n or_o not_o after_o our_o manner_n p._n 24._o chap._n xiii_o no_o profit_n of_o land_n by_o wardship_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n p._n 25._o chap._n fourteen_o no_o wardship_n in_o england_n among_o the_o saxon_n objection_n answer_v p._n 25._o caap._n xv._n no_o marriage_n of_o ward_n p._n 29._o chap._n xvi_o no_o livery_n no_o primer-seisin_a p._n 30._o chap._n xvii_o that_o relief_n whereon_o the_o report_n most_o rely_v be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n nor_o like_o their_o heriot_n p._n 31._o chap._n xviii_o difference_n between_o heriot_n and_o relief_n p._n 32._o chap._n xix_o no_o fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n p._n 33._o chap._n xx._n no_o feodal_n homage_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 34._o chap._n xxi_o what_o manner_n of_o fealty_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 34._o chap._n xxii_o no_o escuage_z among_o the_o saxon_n what_o in_o the_o empire_n p._n 36._o chap._n xxiii_o no_o feodal_n escheat_n of_o hereditary_a land_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 37._o chap._n xxiv_o thaneland_n and_o reveland_n what_o no_o mark_n of_o tenure_n but_o distinction_n of_o land-holders_n p._n 38._o chap._n xxv_o how_o the_o saxon_n hold_v their_o land_n and_o what_o oblige_v they_o to_o so_o many_o kind_n of_o service_n p._n 40._o chap._n xxvi_o the_o charter_n whereby_o oswald_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n dispose_v divers_a land_n of_o his_o church_n after_o the_o feodal_n manner_n of_o that_o time_n entitle_v indiculum_fw-la libertatis_fw-la de_fw-la oswalds-laws-hundred_n p._n 41._o chap._n xxvii_o inducement_n to_o the_o conclusion_n p._n 43._o chap._n xxviii_o the_o conclusion_n p._n 46._o ii_o of_o the_o ancient_a government_n of_o england_n p._n 49._o iii_o of_o parliament_n p._n 57_o iv._o the_o original_a of_o the_o four_o term_n of_o the_o year_n p._n 67._o the_o occasion_n of_o this_o discourse_n p._n 69._o sect_n i._o of_o the_o term_n in_o general_a p._n 71._o sect_n ii_o of_o the_o name_n of_o term_n ibid._n sect_n iii_o of_o the_o original_a of_o term_n or_o law-day_n p._n 73_o sect_n iv._o of_o the_o time_n assign_v to_o law-matter_n call_v the_o term_n ibid._n chap._n i._o of_o law-day_n among_o the_o ancient_n p._n 74._o chap._n ii_o of_o law-day_n among_o the_o roman_n use_v choice_a day_n p._n 75._o chap._n iii_o of_o law-day_n among_o the_o first_o christian_n use_v all_o time_n alike_o p._n 75._o chap._n iu._n how_o sunday_n come_v to_o be_v exempt_v p._n 76._o chap._n v._o how_o other_o festival_n and_o vacation-day_n be_v exempt_v ibid._n chap._n vi_o that_o our_o term_n take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o canon-law_n p._n 77._o chap._n vii_o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n in_o this_o matter_n ibid._n chap._n viii_o the_o constitution_n of_o canutus_n more_o particular_a p._n 78._o chap._n ix_o the_o constitution_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n most_o material_a p._n 79._o chap._n x._o the_o constitution_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n p._n 80._o chap._n xi_o what_o do_v by_o will._n rufus_n henry_n i._n k._n stephen_n and_o hen._n ii_o p._n 81._o chap._n xii_o the_o term_n lay_v out_o according_a to_o their_o ancient_a law_n p._n 82._o chap._n xiii_o easter-term_n p._n 83._o chap._n fourteen_o trinity-term_n p._n 84._o chap._n xv._n of_o michaelmass-term_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n p._n 85._o chap._n xvi_o the_o late_a constitution_n of_o the_o term_n p._n 86._o chap._n xvii_o how_o trinity_n term_n be_v alter_v and_o shorten_v p._n 87._o chap._n xviii_o how_n michaelmass-term_n be_v abbreviate_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 16._o car._n i._o cap._n 6._o p._n 81._o sect_n v._o other_o consideration_n concern_v termtime_n ibid._n chap._n i._n why_o the_o high-court_n sit_v not_o in_o the_o afternoon_n p._n 89._o chap._n ii_o why_o they_o sit_v not_o at_o all_o some_o day_n p._n 90._o chap._n iii_o why_o some_o law_n business_n may_v be_v do_v on_o day_n exempt_v p._n 93._o chap._n iu._n why_o the_o end_n of_o michaelmass-term_n be_v sometime_o hold_v in_o advent_n and_o of_o hilary_n in_o septuagesima_fw-la etc._n etc._n p._n 95._o chap._n v._o why_o assize_n be_v hold_v in_o lent_n ibid._n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o return_v p._n 96._o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o quarta_fw-la dies_fw-la post_fw-la p._n 97._o chap._n viii_o why_o there_o be_v so_o much_o canon_n and_o foreign_a law_n use_v in_o this_o discourse_n with_o a_o excursion_n into_o the_o original_n of_o our_o law_n p._n 98._o appendix_n p._n 104._o v._o a_o apology_n for_o archbishop_n abbot_n touch_v the_o death_n of_o peter_n hawkins_n the_o keeper_n wound_v in_o the_o park_n at_o bramsil_n july_n 24._o 1621._o p._n 107._o vi_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o say_a apology_n p._n 111._o vii_o letter_n and_o instrument_n relate_v to_o the_o kill_n of_o hawkins_n by_o the_o a._n b._n