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all_o rule_n and_o bound_n of_o settle_a government_n and_o leave_v in_o the_o subject_n no_o property_n of_o his_o own_o neither_o do_v you_o by_o this_o advance_v the_o king_n power_n and_o prerogative_n 8._o bracton_n l._n 1._o c._n 8._o but_o you_o make_v he_o no_o king_n for_o as_o bracton_n say_v rex_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la dominatur_fw-la lex_fw-la non_fw-la voluntas_fw-la so_o we_o see_v that_o the_o power_n of_o impose_v and_o power_n of_o make_v law_n be_v convertibilia_fw-la &_o coincidentia_fw-la and_o whosoever_o can_v do_v the_o one_o can_v do_v the_o other_o and_o this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o sir_n john_n fortescue_n that_o reverend_a and_o honourable_a judge_n a_o very_a learned_a professor_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n 6._o 9_o fortese_fw-it de_fw-fr laudibus_fw-la leg._n aug._n c._n 9_o his_o word_n be_v these_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la cap._n 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to_o such_o objection_n as_o have_v be_v make_v on_o the_o contrary_a in_o point_n of_o common_a law_n and_o have_v not_o be_v much_o stand_v upon_o by_o other_o to_o be_v answer_v the_o objection_n that_o have_v be_v make_v be_v these_o that_o from_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o law_n to_o the_o last_o no_o man_n ever_o read_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o king_n power_n of_o impose_v no_o judgement_n be_v ever_o give_v against_o it_o in_o any_o of_o the_o king_n court_n at_o westminster_n other_o point_n of_o prerogative_n as_o high_a as_o this_o dispute_v and_o debate_v his_o excess_n in_o they_o limit_v as_o in_o the_o book_n of_o 42._o ass_n pl._n 5._o 9_o 42._o aff._n p._n 9_o where_o the_o judge_n take_v away_o a_o commission_n from_o one_o that_o have_v power_n give_v by_o it_o to_o he_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n to_o take_v one_o person_n and_o to_o seize_v his_o good_n before_o he_o be_v indict_v so_o master_n scrog_n case_n 175_o 1_o &_o 2_o e._n dier_n 175_o 1._o &_o 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indiscretion_n to_o conceal_v it_o but_o if_o there_o be_v no_o publication_n than_o we_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o their_o opinion_n be_v either_o against_o the_o king_n or_o at_o least_o they_o stick_v and_o give_v none_o for_o he_o the_o same_o queen_n mary_n upon_o restraint_n of_o bring_v in_o of_o french_a commodity_n occasion_v by_o the_o then_o war_n with_o france_n set_v a_o imposition_n upon_o gascoyn_n wine_n which_o continue_v yet_o so_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n by_o the_o injustice_n of_o that_o prince_n be_v clog_v with_o these_o two_o heavy_a imposition_n contrary_a to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o act_n of_o her_o progenitor_n queen_n elizabeth_n set_v on_o that_o upon_o sweet_a wine_n which_o grow_v also_o upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o trouble_n with_o spain_n that_o upon_o
record_n be_v cite_v 2_o 128_o 2_o &_o 3_o p._n &_o m._n dier_n 128_o &_o 3_o phil._n &_o mar._n in_o my_o l._n dier_n fol._n 128._o b._n and_o the_o law_n there_o hold_v to_o be_v so_o at_o that_o time_n upon_o a_o question_n move_v in_o the_o queen_n behalf_n against_o divers_a that_o be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n refuse_v to_o return_v upon_o commandment_n send_v unto_o they_o to_o that_o purpose_n the_o same_o be_v again_o for_o law_n confirm_v in_o the_o duchess_n of_o suffolk_n 2_o dier_n 2._o el._n 176._o 5_o r._n 2._o c._n 2_o case_v 2_o eliz._n dier_n 176._o but_o the_o common_a law_n be_v alter_v in_o this_o point_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 5._o r._n 2._o cap._n 2._o by_o which_o the_o passage_n of_o all_o people_n be_v defend_v that_o they_o may_v not_o go_v without_o licence_n except_o the_o lord_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o realm_n merchant_n and_o soldier_n so_o for_o the_o merchant_n which_o be_v the_o people_n deal_v withal_o in_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n the_o common_a law_n remain_v as_o it_o be_v before_o the_o statute_n and_o so_o it_o be_v hold_v 12._o el._n dier_n 196._o where_o the_o case_n be_v 196._o dier_n 12._o el._n 196._o a_o english_a merchant_n be_v a_o papist_n go_v over-sea_n and_o be_v there_o do_v settle_v himself_o to_o remain_v there_o for_o the_o enjoy_n the_o freedom_n of_o his_o conscience_n it_o be_v move_v here_o in_o england_n that_o his_o go_v without_o licence_n shall_v be_v a_o contempt_n because_o he_o go_v not_o to_o traffic_v as_o a_o merchant_n but_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o religion_n it_o be_v resolve_v no_o such_o averment_n will_v be_v take_v in_o this_o case_n for_o that_o the_o very_a call_n and_o vocation_n of_o be_v a_o merchant_n do_v give_v he_o liberty_n to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n when_o he_o will_v and_o therefore_o the_o secret_a intent_n of_o his_o go_n be_v not_o to_o be_v inquire_v after_o sed_fw-la lex_fw-la inspicit_fw-la quod_fw-la verisimilius_fw-la therefore_o it_o be_v in_o this_o case_n hold_v no_o contempt_n but_o at_o this_o day_n the_o law_n be_v as_o it_o be_v before_o 5._o r._n 2._o cap._n 2._o for_o that_o statute_n be_v repeal_v 1_o 4_o jac._n c._n 1_o 4._o jac._n cap._n 1._o and_o all_o man_n whatsoever_o be_v now_o at_o liberty_n by_o the_o common_a law_n to_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n there_o be_v only_o against_o this_o inconvenient_a liberty_n a_o proclamation_n date_v at_o westminster_n jac._n proclam_fw-la 9_o jul._n 5._o jac._n 9_o jul_n 5._o jac._n to_o the_o very_a same_o effect_n in_o point_n of_o restraint_n of_o passage_n with_o the_o statute_n of_o r._n 2._o so_o the_o subject_n be_v in_o this_o much_o the_o more_o at_o ease_n and_o liberty_n than_o he_o be_v before_o that_o his_o go_v over-sea_n without_o licence_n do_v not_o induce_v any_o forfeiture_n but_o only_o incur_v the_o censure_n of_o a_o contempt_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o some_o firm_a law_n may_v be_v make_v in_o the_o case_n both_o for_o the_o execution_n of_o so_o good_a a_o point_n of_o policy_n and_o for_o the_o more_o quiet_a of_o the_o state_n in_o know_v the_o certainty_n of_o the_o punishment_n for_o the_o offence_n this_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n of_o merchant_n have_v be_v strenthen_v and_o confirm_v by_o many_o notable_a law_n before_o recite_v 3._o 14._o e._n 3._o st_o 2._o c._n 2._o 15._o e._n 3._o st_o 2._o c._n 5._o 18._o e._n 3._o st_o 1._o c._n 3._o as_o 14._o e._n 2._o stat_fw-la 2._o cap._n 2._o 15._o e._n 3_o stat_fw-la 2._o cap._n 5._o 18_o e._n 3._o stat_fw-la 1._o cap._n 3._o and_o divers_a other_o and_o therefore_o though_o it_o be_v admit_v that_o the_o king_n may_v restrain_v person_n and_o good_n yet_o it_o may_v well_o be_v deny_v that_o he_o have_v power_n of_o himself_o alone_o without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n simple_o and_o indefinite_o to_o restrain_v all_o traffic_n in_o general_n or_o to_o shut_v up_o all_o the_o havens_n and_o port_n and_o to_o bar_v the_o vent_n and_o issue_v of_o ware_n and_o merchandize_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o appear_v plain_o that_o this_o have_v be_v do_v this_o three_o hundred_o year_n or_o near_o thereabouts_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n only_o and_o that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n make_v this_o matter_n of_o traffic_n so_o tender_a a_o case_n to_o deal_v in_o as_o that_o it_o have_v ever_o hold_v it_o a_o matter_n fit_a for_o the_o consultation_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o no_o other_o in_o 11._o e._n 3._o the_o exportation_n of_o wool_n be_v prohibit_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1._o 11._o e._n 3._o cap._n 1._o in_o which_o statute_n there_o be_v this_o clause_n until_o that_o by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n it_o be_v thereof_o otherwise_o provide_v which_o power_n so_o give_v to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v use_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n give_v occasion_n to_o he_o to_o abuse_v it_o to_o his_o profit_n and_o commodity_n by_o give_v licence_n of_o transportation_n to_o all_o that_o will_v give_v forty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n above_o the_o due_a custom_n this_o appear_v in_o the_o record_n in_o the_o exchequer_n 2._o 13._o h._n 3._o r._n thes_n rot_n 2._o 13._o e_o 3._o rot._n 2_o rem_fw-la thes_n i_o will_v describe_v the_o record_n that_o you_o may_v perceive_v the_o ground_n of_o it_o the_o better_a rex_fw-la collectoribus_fw-la custumae_fw-la in_o portu_fw-la magnae_fw-la jermouth_n salutem_fw-la quia_fw-la concessiâ—…us_fw-la dilecto_fw-la &_o fideli_fw-la nostro_fw-la hugoni_n de_fw-fr wriothsley_n quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la viginti_fw-la &_o septem_fw-la saccos_fw-la lanae_fw-la &_o dimid_n de_fw-fr lanis_fw-la suis_fw-la propriis_fw-la in_o portu_fw-la praedicto_fw-la carriare_fw-la &_o eas_fw-la usque_fw-la antwerp_n ad_fw-la stapulans_fw-la nostram_fw-la ibidem_fw-la ducere_fw-la possit_fw-la solvendo_fw-la ibidem_fw-la dilecto_fw-la clerico_n nostro_fw-la willielmo_n de_fw-fr northwel_n custodi_fw-la guarderoba_fw-la nostrae_fw-la 40s_fw-la pro_fw-la quolibet_fw-la sacco_n pro_fw-la custuma_fw-la &_o subsidio_fw-la inde_fw-la nobis_fw-la debitis_fw-la etc._n etc._n vobis_fw-la mandamus_fw-la quod_fw-la predict_v hugon_n dictos_fw-la viginti_fw-la septem_fw-la saccos_fw-la lanae_fw-la &_o dimid_n in_o portu_fw-la praedicto_fw-la carriaere_fw-la permittatis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o another_o the_o same_o year_n rex_fw-la collectoribus_fw-la custumae_fw-la thes_n 13._o e._n 3._o rot_n 12._o r._n thes_n etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la nuper_fw-la ordinaverimus_fw-la quod_fw-la passagium_fw-la lanarum_fw-la etc._n etc._n apertum_fw-la existeret_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la sigillum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la quod_fw-la dicitur_fw-la coket_n quod_fw-la prius_fw-la claudi_fw-la &_o sub_fw-la sirrah_n custodiri_fw-la mandavimus_fw-la apeâ—iretur_fw-la &_o apertum_fw-la teneretur_fw-la ideo_fw-la vobis_fw-la mandavimus_fw-la quod_fw-la sigillum_fw-la praedictum_fw-la in_o portu_fw-la praedicto_fw-la aperiri_fw-la &_o apertum_fw-la teneri_fw-la faciatis_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la illos_fw-la qui_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la lanas_fw-la carriare_fw-la &_o ducere_fw-la veline_n permittatis_fw-la receptis_fw-la prius_fw-la ab_fw-la iisdem_fw-la viz_o de_fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la amp_n aliis_fw-la indigenis_fw-la 40_o s._n de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la sacco_n lanae_fw-la divers_a other_o such_o sale_n of_o traffic_n occasion_v by_o this_o parliamentary_a restraint_n be_v make_v between_o 11._o e._n 3._o that_o the_o restraint_n be_v make_v and_o 14_o e._n 3._o that_o this_o inconvenience_n be_v espy_v the_o sea_n be_v open_v by_o statute_n and_o the_o restraint_n remove_v 2._o 14_o e._n 3._o st_o 2._o c._n 2._o 15._o e._n 3._o c._n 5._o st_o 2._o 14_o e._n 3._o stat_fw-la 2._o c._n 2._o 15._o e._n 3._o cap._n 5._o stat_fw-la 2._o and_o this_o forty_o shilling_n so_o exact_v be_v complain_v of_o as_o a_o imposition_n in_o parliament_n and_o the_o occasion_n and_o the_o effect_n be_v both_o take_v away_o together_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1._o 14._o e._n 3._o c._n 21._o st_o 1._o st_o 2._o c._n 1._o 14._o e._n 3._o stat_fw-la 1._o cap._n 21._o &_o stat_fw-la 2._o cap._n 1._o it_o follow_v in_o all_o king_n time_n sithence_o the_o death_n of_o e._n 3._o that_o this_o open_n and_o shut_v of_o the_o havens_n restrain_v and_o enlarge_n of_o traffic_n be_v do_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n it_o will_v give_v one_o instance_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o every_o king_n 2._o 5._o r._n 2._o c._n 2._o st_o 2._o 5._o r._n 2._o cap._n 2._o stat_fw-la 2._o for_o the_o passage_n of_o wool_n wooll-fells_a and_o leather_n 6._o h._n 4._o cap._n 4._o 2._o 6_o h._n 4._o c._n 4_o 2._o h._n 5._o c._n 6._o st_o 2._o for_o the_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n with_o merchant_n alien_n h._n 5._o cap._n 6_o stat_fw-la 2._o for_o the_o restraint_n of_o staple_n commodity_n to_o place_n certain_a and_o for_o the_o traffic_n of_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o west_n 1._o 27._o h._n 6._o c._n 1._o 27._o h._n 6._o
safe_o come_v into_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n with_o their_o good_n and_o merchandize_n and_o safe_o tarry_v and_o safe_o return_v pay_v the_o subside_n custom_n and_o other_o profit_n reasonable_o due_a upon_o the_o word_n of_o this_o law_n be_v great_a advantage_n take_v in_o this_o that_o beside_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n which_o comprehend_v all_o the_o certain_a and_o ordinary_a duty_n the_o king_n have_v upon_o the_o ware_n and_o good_n of_o merchant_n there_o be_v other_o profit_v speak_v of_o to_o be_v due_a these_o they_o affirm_v can_v be_v understand_v but_o of_o imposition_n by_o the_o king_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v if_o they_o be_v not_o duty_n due_a to_o the_o king_n beside_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n which_o may_v satisfy_v the_o intention_n of_o these_o word_n this_o objection_n may_v have_v have_v some_o colour_n in_o it_o but_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o beside_o these_o two_o there_o be_v other_o profit_v due_a to_o the_o king_n upon_o merchant_n good_n as_o scavage_a tonage_n and_o the_o like_a and_o you_o shall_v find_v a_o petition_n in_o parliament_n 163._o rot._n par._n 50._o e._n 3._o nu_fw-la 163._o 50._o e._n 3._o against_o the_o raise_n of_o these_o above_o the_o old_a rate_n the_o eight_o law_n be_v 5._o 15._o e._n 3._o stat_fw-la 2._o c._n 5._o e._n 3._o stat._n 2._o cap._n 5._o whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o every_o merchant_n may_v free_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o pass_v the_o sea_n with_o their_o merchandize_n of_o wool_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n pay_v the_o custom_n of_o old_a time_n use_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o last_o parliament_n in_o midlent_a which_o be_v the_o stat._n 14._o e._n 3._o stat_fw-la 2._o cap._n 2._o this_o law_n do_v express_o exclude_v the_o novelty_n of_o imposition_n the_o nine_o law_n be_v that_o 18._o e._n 3._o stat_fw-la 1._o ca._n 3._o whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v 3_o 18_o e._n 3._o stat_fw-la 1._o c._n 3_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v open_a to_o all_o manner_n of_o merchant_n to_o pass_v with_o their_o merchandize_n where_o it_o shall_v please_v they_o the_o ten_o be_v 2._o 27._o e._n 3._o stat_fw-la 2._o c._n 2._o 27._o e._n 3._o stat_fw-la 2_o cap._n 2_o for_o the_o assurance_n of_o merchants-stranger_n and_o other_o the_o king_n do_v will_n and_o grant_v for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n that_o nothing_o shall_v be_v take_v over_o the_o due_a custom_n not_o take_v of_o they_o to_o his_o use_n by_o colour_n of_o suit_n or_o in_o other_o manner_n against_o their_o will_n the_o eleven_o be_v 2._o 38._o e._n 3._o cap._n 2._o 38_o e._n 3._o cap._n 2._o that_o all_o manner_n of_o merchant_n alien_n and_o denizen_n may_v buy_v and_o sell_v all_o manner_n of_o merchandize_n and_o free_o carry_v they_o out_o of_o the_o realm_n pay_v the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n thereof_o due_a the_o last_o be_v 22._o h_o 8._o cap._n 8._o by_o which_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o table_n shall_v be_v set_v up_o in_o port_n 8._o 22._o h._n 8._o cap._n 8._o by_o which_o the_o certainty_n and_o very_a duty_n of_o every_o custom_n toll_n and_o duty_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o be_v demand_v and_o require_v of_o ware_n and_o merchandize_n shall_v and_o may_v plain_o appear_v and_o be_v declare_v to_o the_o intent_n that_o nothing_o be_v exact_v otherwise_o then_o in_o old_a time_n have_v be_v use_v and_o accustom_v by_o this_o late_a law_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n be_v at_o that_o time_n that_o nothing_o be_v due_a upon_o ware_n and_o merchandize_n but_o that_o which_o which_o be_v certain_a and_o have_v be_v ancient_o due_a by_o which_o imposition_n be_v exclude_v who_o quality_n be_v novelty_n and_o incertainty_n as_o be_v set_v on_o as_o present_a occasion_n move_v and_o proportion_v for_o quantity_n and_o other_o circumstance_n as_o the_o will_n of_o the_o king_n direct_v these_o be_v the_o law_n which_o i_o conceive_v most_o direct_o tend_v to_o the_o restrain_v the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o the_o exercise_n of_o that_o irregular_a power_n of_o impose_v at_o the_o first_o offer_v by_o they_o to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n yet_o not_o press_v as_o their_o right_n and_o never_o practise_v but_o upon_o opposition_n of_o the_o whole_a state_n and_o at_o last_o desert_v and_o give_v over_o until_o of_o late_a as_o by_o that_o which_o follow_v in_o the_o four_o place_n will_v appear_v my_o four_o and_o last_o assertion_n be_v 4_o custom_n 4_o that_o this_o practice_n of_o impose_v without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n be_v contra_fw-la morem_fw-la majorum_fw-la in_o this_o i_o will_v make_v a_o historical_a perlustration_n of_o the_o time_n past_a whereby_o i_o will_v discover_v and_o make_v know_v what_o passage_n have_v be_v in_o this_o business_n in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o especial_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 300_o year_n and_o more_o last_v past_a since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o e._n 1_o sithence_o which_o time_n and_o not_o before_o this_o kingdom_n have_v grow_v into_o the_o glory_n and_o reputation_n of_o foreign_a traffic_n and_o as_o a_o worthy_a gentleman_n of_o the_o king_n learned_a council_n make_v certain_a consideration_n upon_o this_o question_n frame_v and_o strengthen_v out_o of_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o wit_n and_o reason_n so_o i_o ground_v myself_o upon_o the_o practice_n of_o former_a time_n which_o be_v the_o safe_a rule_n whereby_o to_o square_v the_o right_a both_o of_o king_n and_o people_n in_o this_o commonwealth_n where_o their_o right_n be_v jus_o consuetudinarium_fw-la a_o right_n that_o grow_v by_o use_n and_o practice_n i_o will_v propose_v unto_o you_o certain_a observation_n out_o of_o the_o action_n and_o experience_n of_o former_a time_n until_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o two_o late_a queen_n by_o which_o you_o may_v the_o better_a ground_n and_o frame_v your_o judgement_n in_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o right_n in_o this_o question_n 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mercatores_fw-la gratanter_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la in_o subsidium_fw-la guerrae_fw-la regis_fw-la 28._o 22._o e._n 1._o man_n scac._n r._n thes_n t._n mich._n rot._n parl_n 17._o e._n 3._o nu_fw-la 28._o it_o further_o show_v it_o be_v for_o his_o necessity_n of_o war_n which_o then_o be_v great_a also_o for_o the_o time_n of_o e._n 3._o there_o need_v not_o many_o instance_n for_o his_o whole_a reign_n be_v almost_o a_o actual_a warfare_n as_o in_o the_o sixth_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o his_o war_n in_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n in_o the_o thirteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o his_o war_n in_o france_n several_a imposition_n be_v ser_z on_o in_o the_o seventeen_o year_n of_o e._n 3._o the_o record_n in_o the_o tower_n mention_v that_o forty_o shilling_n imposition_n be_v upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n by_o the_o grant_n of_o merchant_n 18._o rot._n parl_n 50._o e._n 3._o nu_fw-la 18._o and_o it_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o war._n in_o the_o twenty_o year_n of_o king_n 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