Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	according_a	great_a	king_n	2,694	5	3.5990	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A38520	Epistola Medio-Saxonica, or, Middlesex first letter to His Excellency, the Lord General Cromwell together with their petition concerning tithes and copy-holds of inheritance, presented to the supreme authority, the Parliament of England : wherein the tortious and illegal usurpation of tithes, contrary to Magna Charta, is discovered, the blemished dignity of copy-holders revived, and how lords of manors have formerly incroached upon their liberties, by imposing arbitrary fines, and multiplying of heriots : whereunto is annexed two additional cases concerning the unreasonable exactions of fines and heriots, contrary to law, in these latter times ...	Cromwell, Oliver, 1599-1658.; Wingfield, Augustus. Vindiciae Medico-Saxonicae.	1653 (1653)	Wing E3170; ESTC R5296	18,776	30

case_n in_o these_o word_n inquirendum_fw-la est_fw-la etiam_fw-la de_fw-fr custumariis_fw-la viz._n quot_fw-la sunt_fw-la custumarii_fw-la &_o quamtum_fw-la terrae_fw-la quilibet_fw-la custumarius_fw-la teneat_fw-la qua_fw-la opera_fw-la quas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la faciat_fw-la &_o quantum_fw-la opera_fw-la &_o censuetudines_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la custumarii_fw-la valeant_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la &_o quantum_fw-la redditur_fw-la de_fw-la reddit_fw-la assisae_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la praeter_fw-la opera_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la qua_fw-la possunt_fw-la talliari_fw-la &_o quae_fw-la non_fw-la ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la domini_fw-la which_o in_o english_a according_a to_o a_o true_a and_o grammatical_a translation_n be_v as_o follow_v inquity_n be_v to_o be_v make_v also_o of_o customary_a tenant_n that_o be_v to_o say_v how_o many_o customary_a tenant_n there_o be_v and_o how_o much_o land_n every_o customary_a tenant_n hold_v what_o work_v what_o custom_n he_o do_v and_o 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h._n 2._o lib._n 7._o cap._n 5._o de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la &_o censuetudinibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n say_v in_o these_o word_n potest_fw-la quilibet_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la majoribus_fw-la debitis_fw-la non_fw-la involutus_fw-la etc._n etc._n every_o freeman_n not_o great_o indebt_v may_v in_o his_o sickness_n make_v a_o reasonable_a devise_n of_o his_o good_n under_o this_o form_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n that_o he_o do_v acknowledge_v his_o lord_n with_o the_o best_a and_o principall_a he_o have_v next_o the_o church_n and_o afterward_o other_o person_n as_o he_o please_v but_o say_v he_o whatsoever_o the_o custom_n of_o diverse_a country_n and_o place_n be_v in_o this_o point_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n no_o man_n be_v bind_v in_o his_o testament_n to_o leave_v any_o thing_n to_o any_o person_n but_o at_o his_o free_a will_n and_o pleasure_n for_o every_o man_n will_n say_v he_o be_v free_a as_o well_o in_o reference_n to_o testamentary_a law_n as_o to_o other_o law_n so_o that_o here_o you_o may_v plain_o perceive_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o this_o great_a judge_n no_o heriot_n be_v due_a and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o due_a by_o any_o particular_a custom_n it_o be_v but_o one_o and_o that_o upon_o death_n only_o and_o must_v be_v give_v by_o the_o testator_n by_o will_n too_o and_o not_o be_v much_o in_o debt_n neither_o whereby_o it_o appear_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o great_a lawyer_n fleta_n britt_n bracton_n and_o glanvill_n all_o those_o heriot_n which_o have_v be_v exact_v of_o late_a in_o such_o multiply_a number_n have_v be_v illegal_a &_o unjust_a and_o contrary_a to_o the_o good_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o nation_n in_o former_a time_n now_o by_o what_o have_v be_v brief_o say_v it_o may_v easy_o appear_v to_o any_o indifferent_a man_n who_o have_v encroach_v most_o upon_o each_o other_o liberty_n whether_o the_o great_a and_o potent_a wealthy_a lord_n of_o the_o manor_n carry_v all_o thing_n before_o he_o by_o the_o virtue_n and_o charm_n of_o his_o unrighteous_a mammon_n or_o the_o poor_a despise_a trampled-under-foot-copy-holder_n who_o have_v be_v force_v to_o lose_v his_o liberty_n to_o preserve_v his_o livelihood_n whereas_o according_a to_o those_o great_a authority_n of_o bracton_n britton_n and_o other_o above_o quote_v all_o fine_n custom_n and_o other_o service_n of_o copy-holders_n ought_v neither_o to_o be_v change_v nor_o increase_v and_o that_o according_a to_o other_o who_o have_v strain_v the_o law_n beyond_o its_o due_a bound_n in_o favour_n to_o lord_n of_o manor_n all_o unreasonable_a fine_n and_o service_n be_v forbid_v and_o if_o all_o unreasonable_a then_o certain_o all_o arbitrary_a since_o it_o be_v abundant_o make_v know_v by_o long_a experience_n to_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n that_o all_o arbitrary_a power_n as_o be_v the_o power_n of_o lord_n of_o manor_n to_o set_v what_o fine_n they_o please_v upon_o their_o tenant_n at_o death_n or_o alienation_n be_v oppressive_a tyrannical_a and_o contrary_a to_o the_o peace_n and_o freedom_n of_o this_o common_a wealth_n as_o full_o manifest_v in_o a_o declaration_n of_o this_o parliament_n set_v forth_o in_o march_n 1648._o in_o these_o word_n the_o parliament_n of_o england_n elect_v by_o the_o people_n who_o they_o represent_v have_v long_o contend_v against_o tyranny_n and_o endeavour_v to_o remove_v oppression_n arbitrary_a power_n or_o power_n of_o will_n and_o all_o opposition_n to_o the_o peace_n and_o freedom_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o again_o in_o another_o declaration_n of_o the_o seven_o of_o april_n 1646._o in_o this_o manner_n and_o as_o both_o house_n have_v already_o for_o the_o ease_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o people_n take_v away_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n with_o all_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o knight_n service_n so_o we_o shall_v take_v special_a care_n that_o as_o speedy_a and_o as_o great_a ease_n may_v be_v have_v otherwise_o in_o other_o grievance_n as_o the_o press_a occasion_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n will_v admit_v wherefore_o these_o argument_n premise_v be_v serious_o consider_v we_o humble_o crave_v of_o your_o excellency_n that_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o intercede_v with_o our_o representative_a for_o the_o removal_n of_o that_o unjust_a and_o slavish_a bondage_n and_o yoke_n which_o neither_o we_o nor_o our_o forefather_n have_v be_v able_a to_o bear_v that_o so_o we_o may_v not_o only_o in_o spiritual_n but_o also_o in_o temporal_n enjoy_v that_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n which_o not_o only_o by_o law_n but_o by_o right_a of_o conquest_n be_v due_a to_o the_o well-affected_n people_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n it_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n yea_o and_o the_o law_n of_o christ_n too_o fac_n alteri_fw-la quod_fw-la tibi_fw-la vis_fw-la fieri_fw-la do_v to_o other_o as_o you_o will_v be_v do_v to_o if_o so_o how_o can_v freedom_n &_o liberty_n be_v deny_v to_o those_o who_o with_o the_o hazard_n and_o loss_n of_o their_o life_n good_n and_o all_o have_v purchase_v freedom_n and_o liberty_n not_o only_o to_o their_o representative_n and_o well-affected_a potentate_n but_o also_o to_o those_o who_o have_v be_v enemy_n to_o this_o commonwealth_n whereby_o they_o who_o under_o the_o monarchical_a yoke_n be_v in_o bondage_n not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o estate_n but_o of_o their_o person_n also_o be_v now_o restore_v to_o a_o noble_a and_o glorious_a liberty_n whilst_o their_o fellow_n brethren_n who_o ought_v to_o be_v sharer_n in_o this_o freedom_n lie_v under_o the_o burden_n of_o tithe_n and_o bondage_n of_o copy-holds_a many_o whereof_o do_v at_o this_o day_n retain_v the_o dishonourable_a name_n of_o base_a tenure_n and_o villanage_n in_o the_o worst_a sense_n as_o if_o we_o be_v rather_o return_v back_o to_o egypt_n than_o in_o our_o progress_n to_o canaan_n ah_o most_o religious_a sir_n do_v we_o

friend_n god_n friend_n and_o their_o country_n friend_n shall_v now_o at_o length_n be_v leave_v to_o remain_v in_o bondage_n and_o gibeonitish_a slavery_n whilst_o their_o enemy_n riot_n and_o abound_v in_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n wherefore_o we_o humble_o desire_v that_o all_o copy-holders_n of_o inheritance_n may_v according_a to_o your_o several_a declaration_n of_o the_o seven_o of_o april_n 1646._o and_o of_o march_n 1648._o be_v restore_v to_o christian_n freedom_n and_o liberty_n the_o fruit_n of_o conquest_n and_o the_o just_a reward_n of_o their_o expense_n and_o hazard_n that_o so_o of_o victor_n they_o may_v not_o become_v slave_n and_o vassal_n in_o their_o estate_n to_o their_o conquer_a lord_n who_o they_o begin_v already_o to_o feel_v and_o be_v daily_o like_a to_o find_v more_o cruel_a and_o unreasonable_a than_o ever_o if_o they_o shall_v return_v again_o to_o reign_v over_o they_o with_o the_o full_a sail_n of_o usurp_a power_n thus_o hope_v that_o the_o same_o god_n who_o have_v even_o miraculous_o give_v you_o victory_n over_o your_o enemy_n rest_n from_o war_n peace_n in_o your_o habitation_n and_o put_v a_o power_n into_o your_o hand_n to_o do_v righteous_a thing_n for_o the_o good_a of_o this_o nation_n will_v also_o put_v into_o your_o heart_n and_o mind_n to_o do_v these_o thing_n represent_v unto_o you_o and_o what_o else_o you_o in_o your_o wisdom_n shall_v know_v to_o be_v for_o the_o good_a and_o welfare_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n and_o we_o shall_v ever_o pray_v etc._n etc._n the_o case_n of_o copy-holders_n state_v according_a to_o the_o it_o the_o quando_fw-la lex_fw-la accommodatur_fw-la ad_fw-la causam_fw-la &_o personam_fw-la &_o non_fw-la è_fw-la contra_fw-la when_o the_o law_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o cause_n and_o person_n not_o they_o to_o it_o lesbian_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n in_o the_o corrupt_a time_n of_o monarchy_n wherein_o be_v clear_o prove_v that_o no_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n of_o copy-holds_a of_o inheritance_n can_v take_v for_o a_o fine_a where_o as_o they_o say_v uncertain_a of_o his_o copyhold_n tenant_n two_o year_n clear_v yearly_a value_n of_o the_o land_n first_o because_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o popham_n chief_a justice_n clench_v gaudy_n and_o fenner_n justice_n of_o the_o upper_a bench_n in_o the_o 42._o and_o 43_o eliz._n between_o hubbard_n and_o hammon_n that_o if_o the_o fine_n of_o copy-holders_n of_o a_o manor_n be_v incertain_a upon_o admittance_n yet_o the_o lord_n may_v not_o demand_v or_o exact_v a_o excessive_a or_o unreasonable_a fine_a and_o if_o he_o do_v the_o copyholder_n may_v deny_v to_o pay_v it_o without_o forfeiture_n and_o according_a to_o this_o resolution_n it_o be_v then_o say_v that_o it_o have_v be_v former_o adjudge_v in_o the_o same_o court_n in_o one_o hoddesdons_n case_n cook_n report_n lib._n 4to_fw-la now_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n and_o maxim_n that_o all_o excessivenesse_n be_v abhor_v in_o law_n and_o that_o all_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v interpret_v with_o equity_n and_o moderation_n as_o put_v case_n the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n where_o fine_n through_o his_o tyranny_n be_v incertain_a have_v take_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n about_o a_o year_n value_n not_o much_o under_o nor_o over_o if_o there_o one_o of_o his_o copyhold_n tenant_n shall_v improve_v his_o land_n by_o great_a charge_n and_o industry_n from_o 5_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o be_v worth_a 20_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o then_o die_v and_o after_o the_o lord_n shall_v set_v two_o year_n fine_a viz._n 40_o l._n upon_o his_o heir_n this_o will_v be_v a_o excessive_a and_o most_o unreasonable_a fine_a first_o because_o where_o a_o lord_n have_v usual_o take_v about_o a_o year_n though_o a_o little_a under_o or_o over_o there_o to_o take_v a_o year_n and_o half_a though_o according_a to_o the_o value_n before_o improvement_n be_v excessive_a and_o so_o illegal_a if_o the_o rule_n of_o right_a reason_n moderation_n and_o equity_n be_v close_o hold_v to_o and_o keep_v next_o it_o be_v altogether_o unreasonable_a because_o through_o this_o improvement_n of_o the_o tenant_n with_o a_o vast_a expense_n and_o charge_n perhaps_o treble_a to_o the_o land_n the_o lord_n now_o come_v to_o take_v in_o a_o little_a compass_n of_o time_n at_o a_o year_n and_o half_n fine_a six_o year_n year_n value_n at_o two_o year_n fine_a eight_o year_n value_v according_a to_o the_o yearly_a rent_n and_o worth_n of_o the_o land_n before_o improvement_n so_o that_o now_o a_o covetous_a and_o unconscionable_a lord_n as_o too_o many_o there_o be_v will_v take_v advantage_n to_o enrich_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o tenant_n vast_a expense_n and_o industry_n contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n equity_n and_o honesty_n second_o and_o last_o no_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n can_v by_o the_o present_a law_n take_v two_o year_n clear_v yearly_a value_n for_o a_o fine_a where_o as_o lawyer_n say_v they_o be_v uncertain_a though_o repugnant_a to_o those_o great_a authority_n in_o the_o letter_n before_o recite_v and_o contrary_a to_o their_o own_o maxim_n and_o abundant_o savour_v of_o tyranny_n upon_o the_o admittance_n of_o a_o copyhold_n tenant_n as_o be_v clear_o resolve_v in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n between_o stallon_n and_o brady_n commence_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o king_n james_n in_o the_o court_n of_o common_a plea_n where_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n do_v set_v a_o fine_a at_o two_o year_n clear_v yearly_a value_n which_o the_o tenant_n deny_v to_o pay_v be_v unreasonable_a the_o lord_n enter_v and_o thereupon_o the_o tenant_n bring_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n and_o after_o five_o year_n demur_n consultation_n be_v have_v with_o all_o the_o ludge_n and_o great_a lawyer_n of_o england_n it_o be_v at_o length_n viz._n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o king_n james_n by_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o say_a court_n of_o common_a plea_n full_o and_o unanimous_o resolve_v that_o the_o say_v fine_a of_o two_o year_n be_v unreasonable_a and_o so_o no_o forfeiture_n by_o the_o tenant_n denial_n now_o from_o hence_o it_o must_v be_v conclude_v that_o for_o any_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n to_o demand_v a_o year_n and_o a_o half_n fine_a be_v the_o very_a utmost_a rigour_n and_o extremity_n of_o the_o law_n as_o it_o have_v flow_v to_o we_o out_o of_o the_o impure_a fountain_n of_o monarchy_n and_o all_o those_o who_o have_v exact_v more_o have_v do_v illegal_a and_o unwarrantable_a act_n according_a to_o that_o lesbian_a rule_n but_o where_o tenant_n have_v at_o their_o great_a charge_n make_v improvement_n as_o be_v above_o declare_v there_o for_o the_o lord_n to_o take_v a_o year_n much_o more_o a_o year_n and_o half_a be_v altogether_o unconscionable_a and_o against_o the_o rule_n of_o equity_n the_o case_n of_o intolerable_a oppression_n in_o point_n of_o heriot_n a_o copyhold_n tenant_n hold_v a_o 100_o acre_n of_o land_n worth_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la 5_o s._n per_fw-la acre_n and_o 20_o s._n rend_v yearly_a and_o for_o which_o the_o lord_n claim_v a_o heriot_n upon_o death_n the_o tenant_n alien_n his_o land_n to_o a_o hundred_o man_n now_o by_o our_o book-law_n make_v in_o corrupt_a time_n mere_o in_o favour_n of_o lord_n and_o to_o oppress_v poor_a people_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n shall_v have_v his_o 20_o s._n rent_n and_o beside_o a_o heriot_n for_o every_o acre_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o every_o particular_a tenant_n for_o this_o reason_n which_o be_v no_o reason_n because_o a_o heriot_n be_v a_o indivisible_a service_n so_o that_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o lord_n shall_v have_v heriot_n in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o the_o value_n of_o one_o thousand_o pound_n whereas_o the_o whole_a be_v not_o worth_a five_o hundred_o pound_n and_o beside_o a_o poor_a man_n have_v a_o acre_n of_o his_o land_n not_o worth_a five_o pound_n and_o die_v seize_v the_o lord_n shall_v enter_v upon_o his_o good_n and_o take_v away_o for_o a_o heriot_n a_o cow_n or_o horse_n worth_a six_o or_o eight_o pound_n to_o the_o utter_a ruin_n of_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n now_o from_o a_o division_n of_o land_n to_o urge_v a_o multiplication_n of_o heriot_n have_v neither_o ancient_a law_n reason_n nor_o honesty_n in_o it_o notwithstanding_o those_o slight_a argument_n and_o fond_a distinction_n of_o heriot_n service_n and_o heriot_n custom_n which_o be_v use_v to_o the_o contrary_n reader_n these_o name_n shall_v have_v be_v place_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o 13_o page_n col._n pride_n aug._n wingfield_n robert_n cromwell_n col._n potter_n henry_n arundel_n nich_n beale_n finis_fw-la vindiciae_fw-la medio-saxonicae_a or_o tithe_n total_o rout_v by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o a_o reply_n to_o a_o answer_n of_o middlesex_n letter_n and_o petition_n in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o a_o tract_n call_v a_o treatise_n of_o tithe_n wherein_o the_o invalidity_n of_o