wings of the Spanish Fleete conuey ouer all his troupes armour and warlike prouision and with their forces so vnited should inuade England or while the English Fleete were busied in fight against the Spanish should enter vpon any part of the coast which he thought to be most conuenient Which inuasion as the Captiues afterward confessed the Duke of Parma thought first to haue attempted by the Riuer of Thames vpon the bankes whereof hauing at his first arriuall landed twenty or thirty thousand of his principall Souldiers he supposed that he might easily haue won the Citie of London both because his small ships should haue followed and assisted his Land-forces and also for that the Citie it selfe was but meanely fortified and easie to ouercome by reason of the Citizens delicacie and discontinuance from the warres When as therefore the Spanish Fleete rode at anker before Caleis to the end they might consult with the Duke of Parma what was best to be done according to the Kings commandement and the present estate of their affaires and had now as we will afterward declare purposed vpon the second of August being Friday with one power and consent to haue put their intended businesse in practise the Lord Admirall of England being admonished by her Maiesties Letterâ— from the Court thought it most expedient either to driue the Spanish Fleet from that place or at leastwise to giue them the encounter and for that cause according to her Maiesties prescription he tooke forthwith eight of his worst and basest ships which came next to hand and disburthening them of all things which seemed to be of any value filled them with Gunpowder Pitch Brimstone and with other combustible and fiery matter and charging all their Ordnance with powder bullets and stones and sent the said ships vpon the 28. of Iuly being Sunday about two of the clocke after midnight with the winde and tide against the Spanish Fleete which when they had proceeded a good space being forsaken of the Pilots and set on fire were directly carried vpon the King of Spaines Nauie which fire in the dead of night put the Spaniards into such a perplexitie and horror for they feared lest they were like vnto those terrible ships which Frederie senebelli three yeeres before at the siege of Antwerpe had furnished with Gunpowder stones and dreadfull engines for the dissolution of the Duke of Parma his Bridge built vpon the Riuer of Scheld that cutting their cables whereon their ankers were fasted and hoising vp their sailes they betooke themselues very confusedly vnto the maine Sea And this sudden confusion the principall and greatest of the foure Galliasses falling fowle of another ship lost her rudder for which cause when she could not be guided any longer she was by the force of the tide cast into a certaine should vpon the shoare of Caleis where she was immediately assaulted by diuers English Pinnaces Hoyes and Drumblers And as they lay battering of her with their Ordnance and durst not boord her the Lord Admirall sent thither his long Boate with an hundreth choise Souldiers vnder the command of Captaine Amias Preston Vpon whose approach their fellowes being more emboldened did offer to boord the Galliasse against whom the Gouernor thereof and Captaine of all the foure Galliasses Hugo de Moncada stoutly opposed himself fighting by so much the more valiantly in that he hoped presently to be succoured by the Duke of Parma In the meane season Moncada after hee had endured the conflict a good while being hit on the head with a Bullet fell downe starke dead and a great number of Spaniards also were slaine in his company The greater part of the residue leaping ouer-boord into the Sea to saue themâ—elues by swimming were most of them drowned Howbeit there escaped among others Don Anthonio de Manriques a principall officer in the Spanish fleete called by them their Veador Generall together with a few Spaniards besides which Anthonio was the first man that carried certaine newes of the successe of their fleete into Spaine This huge monstrous Galliasse wherein were contained three hundred slaues to lug at the Oares and foure hundred souldiers was in the space of three houres rifled in the same place and there was found amongst diuers other commodities 50000. Duckets of the Spanish Kings treasure At length when the slaues were released out of their fetters the English men would haue set the said ship on fire which Monsieur Gourdon the Gouernour of Caleis for feare of the damage which might thereupon ensue to the Towne and Hauen would not permit them to doe but draue them from thence with his great Ordnance Vpon the 29. of Iuly in the morning the Spanish Fleete after the foresaid tumult hauing arranged themselues againe into order were within sight of Greueling most brauely and furiously encountered by the English where they once againe got the winde of the Spaniards who suffered themselues to be depriued of the commodity of the place in Caleis rode and of the aduantage of the winde neere vnto Dunkerk rather then they would change their array or separate their forces now conioyned and vnited together standing onely vpon their defence And albeit there were many excellent and warlike shâ—ps in the English fleet yet scarse were there 22. or 23. among them all which matched 90. of the Spanish ships in bignesse or could conueniently assault them Wherefore the English ships vsing their prerogatiue of nimble stirrage whereby they could turne and wield themselues with the winde which way they listed came oftentimes very neere-vpon the Spaniards and charged them so sore that now and then they were but a Pikes length at sunder and so continually giuing them one broad side after another they dispatched all their shot both great and small vpon them spending one whole day from morning till night in that violent kinde of conflict vntill such time as powder and bullets failed them In regard of which want they thought it conuenient not to pursue the Spaniards any longer because they had many great vantages of the English namely for the extraordinary bignesse of their ships and also for that they were so neerely conioyned and kept together in so good array that they could by no meanes be fought withall one to one The English thought therefore that they had right well acquitted themselues in chasing the Spaniards first from Caleis and then from Dunkerk and by that means to haue hindered them from ioyning with the Duke of Parma his forces and getting the winde of them to haue driuen them from their owne coasts The Spaniards that day sustained great losse and damage hauing many of their ships shot thorow and thorow and they discharged likewise great store of Ordnance against the English who indeede sustained some hinderance but not comparable to the Spaniards losse for they lost not any one ship or person of account For very diligent inquisition being made the
should be taken out of her and her men diuided amongst our other ships the Hull remayning to be sunke or burned To which I neuer spake word till I saw it resolued being my part rather to learne then to aduise But seeing the fatall sentence giuen and suspecting that the Captaine made it worse then it was rather vpon policie to come into another ship which was better of sayle then for any danger they might runne into with as much reason as my capacitie could reach vnto I disswaded my Uncle priuately And vrged that seeing wee had profited the Aduenturers nothing we should endeauour to preserue our principall especially hauing men and victuals But seeing I preuayled not I went further and offered to finde out in the same ship and others so many men as with me would be content to carrie her home giuing vs the third part of the value of the ship as â—hes should be valued at at her returne by foure indifferent persons and to leaue the Vice-admirall which I had vnder my charge and to make her Vice-admirall Whereupon it was condescended that wee should all goe aboord the ship and that there it should be determined The Captaine thought himselfe somewhat touched in Reputation and so would not that further triall should be made of the matter saying that if another man was able to carrie the ship into England he would in no case leaue her neither would he forsake her till shee sunke vnder him The Generall commended him for his resolution and thanked me for my offer tending to the generall good my intention being to force those who for gaine could vndertake to carrie her home should also doe it gratis according to their Obligation Thus this leake-ship went well into England where after she made many a good Voyage in nine yeeres As the weather gaue leaue wee entertained our selues the first dayes in necessarie affaires and workes and after in making of Coale with intent the winde continuing long very contrarie to see if wee could remedie any of our broken Anchours a Forge I had in my ship and of fiue Anchors which we brought out of England there remained but one that was seruiceable In the Ilands of Pengwins we lost one in Crabbis Coue another a third vpon another occasion we broke an arme and the fourth on the Rocke had the eye of his Ring broken This one day deuising with my selfe I made to serue without working him a new Which when I tooke first in hand all men thought it ridiculous but in fine we made it in that manner so seruiceable as till our ship came to Callaw which is the Port of Lyma shee scarce vsed any other Anchor and when I came from Lyma to Panama which was three yeeres after I saw it serue the Admirall in which I came a ship of aboue 500. tuns without other arte or addition then what my owne inuention contriued And for that in the like necessitie or occasion others may profit themselues of the industrie I will recount the manner of the forging our eye without fire or Iron It was in this sort From the eye of the shanke about the head of the crosse we gaue two tunnes with a new strong Halser betwixt three and foure inches giuing a reasonable allowance for that which should be the eye and serued in stead of the Ring then we fastned the two ends of the Halser so as in that part it was as strong as in any other and with our Capsten stretched the two bightes that euery part might beare proportionably then armed we all the Halser round about with sixe yarne Synnets and likewise the shanke of the Anchor and the head with a smooth Mat made of the same Synnet this done with an inch Rope we woolled the two bightes to the shanke from the crosse to the eye and that also which was to serue for the Ring and fitted the stocke accordingly This done those who before derided the inuention were of opinion that it would serue for need onely they put one difficultie that with the fall or pitch of the Anchor in hard ground with his waight he would cut the Halser in sunder on the head for preuention whereof we placed a panch as the Mariners terme it vpon the head of the Anchor with whose softnesse this danger was preuented and the Anchor past for seruiceable Some of our idle time we spent in gathering the barke and fruit of a certaine Tree which we found in all places of the Straits where we found Trees This Tree carrieth his fruit in clusters like a Hawthorne but that it is greene each berry of the bignesse of a Pepper-corne and euery of them contayning within foure or fiue granes twice as bigge as a Musterd-seed which broken are white within as the good Pepper and â—ite much like it but hotter The barke of this Tree hath the sauour of all kinde of Spices together most comfortable to the stomack and held to bee better then any Spice whatsoer And for that a learned Countriman of ours Doctor Turner hath written of it by the name of Winters Barke what I haue said may suffice The leafe of this Tree is of a whitish greene and is not vnlike to the Aspen leafe Otherwhiles we entertained our selues in gathering of Pearles out of Muscles whereof there are abundance in all places from Cape Froward to the end of the Straits The Pearles are but of a bad colour and small but it may be that in the great Muscles in deeper water the Pearles are bigger and of greater value of the small seed Pearle there was great quantitie and the Muscles were a great refreshing vnto vs for they were exceeding good and in great plentie And here let mee craue pardon if I erre seeing I disclaime from beeing a Naturalist by deliuering my opinion touching the breeding of these Pearles which I thinke to be of a farre different nature and qualitie to those found in the East and West Indies which are found in Oysters growing in the shell vnder the ruffe of the Oyster some say of the dew which I hold to be some old Philosophers conceit for that it cannot be made probable how the dew should come into the Oyster and if this were true then questionlesse we should haue them in our Oysters as in those of the East and West Indies but those Oysters were by the Creator made to bring forth this rare fruit all their shels being to looke to Pearle it selfe And the other Pearles found in our Oysters and Muscles in diuers parts are ingendred out of the fatnesse of the fish in the very substance of the fish so that in some Muscles haue bin found twentie and thirtie in seuerall parts of the fish and these not perfect in colour nor cleernesse as those found in the Pearle-oysters which are euer perfect in colour and cleernesse like the Sunne in his rising and therefore called Orientall and not as is supposed because out of
the blades in their pottage and vse them in other meates of pleasing taste and good for appetite When they came in the height of Bermuda they discouered a Monster in the Sea who shewed himselfe three times vnto them from the middle vpwards in which parts he was proportioned like a man of the complexion of a Mâ—llato or tawny Indian The Generall commanded one of his Clerkes to put it in writing to certifie the King thereof Presently after for the space of sixteene dayes the weather proued very foule Offering to make an escape they were descried and seuerely stocked and imprisoned a yeere in the Contractation house in Siuill and breaking prison were taken and by the Inquisition were sentenced Robert Barret and Iohn Gilbert to bee burnt Iob Hortop and Iohn Bone to the Gallies for tenne yeeres and after that to perpetuall prison Others were adiudged to the Gallies some eight some fiue yeeres Hortop serued twelue yeeres in hunger thirst cold and stripes and after foure yeeres imprisonment in his Fooles coat was redeemed to the seruice of Hernando de Sâ—ria from whom after three yeeres seruice more he stole away and landed at Portsmouth in December 1590. after three and twentie yeeres miserable bondage As for Dauid Ingrams perambulation to the North parts Master Hakluyt in his first Edition published the same but it seemeth some incredibilities of his reports caused him to leaue him out in the next Impression the reward oâ— lying being not to be beleeued in truths And for Sir Iohn Hawkins himselfe he had made one Voyage with three ships and three hundred Negros gotten on the Coast of Guinea to Hispaniola 1562. and other Ports and returned with a rich gaine This encouraged him to a second Voyage with the Iesus Salomon Tigre and Swallow 1564. And hauing visited diuers Ports be returned by Florida Anno 1567. their vnfortunate Voyage before mentioned was set forth in which his vniustice to Sauages was chastised by vniustice of Christians in manner as you haue heard Himselfe with his remayning company were first endangered with an extreame storme after that with famine his men dying continually so that the rest being not able to manage the ship and the winds crossing seeking to releeue themselues at Ponte Vedra with fresh meate they grew diseased and many of them died and thereby were also in danger of a second Spanish betraying which they hardly escaping arriued in England Ianuary the twentieth 1568. The Spanish indignities and treacheries were deeply lodged in the wronged minds both of Sir Iohn Hawkins and of Captayne Drake men borne for the honour of the English name and Nation in Marine affaires Sir Iohn Hawkins was sonne to Master William Hawkins of Plimmouth a man much esteemed by King Henry the Eighth as a principall Sea-captaine Hee had long before armed a ship of his owne of two hundred and fifty tunnes called the Paul of Plimmouth wherewith he made two Voyages to Brasill one in the yeere 1530. and the other 1532. in the first of which he brought a Brasilian King as they tearmed him to present him in his wilde accouâ—rements to King Henry It seemed that Sea affaires and arts remayned an Inheritance from the Father to the Sonne and from him also to the Nephew as shall after be seene neither did the West of England yeeld such an Indian Neptuniâ—â— paire as were these two Ocean Peeres Hawkins and Drake A briefe Historie of Sir FRANCIS DRAKES Voyages OF Sir Francis Drake Master Camden reports that he hath heard him say of himselfe that he was borne in the County of Deuon of meane condition his God father was Francis Russell afterwards Earle of Bedford who gaue him his name Francis Whiles he was young his father being called in question for Religion by reason of the sixe Articles set forth by King Henry against the Protestants was driuen to shift and withdrew himselfe into Kent After King Henries death he obtayned a place in the Nauâ—e Royall to reade Seruice and soone after was ordayned Deacon and made Vicar of the Church of Vpnor on the Riuer of Medway where by reason of his pouertie he put this his sonne to serue a Neighbour Mariner which traded with a small Barke into France and Zeland who brought him vp in the Mariners art and tooke such liking of him that at his death he bequeathed being a Bâ—chelour vnto him his Barke This Barke vpon the report of Sir Iohn Hawkins his preparations for that disastrous Voyage 1567. hee sold and ioyned to him in societie aforesaid and at Saint Iohn de Vllua lost all and hardly brought himselfe backe Hereupon seeking by his Mariners practice to repaire his losses and thereby and as a man of warre hauing gotten store of money together he made a second Voyage to recouer in the Spanish Indies what there he had lost quod licere Theologus classiarius facilè persuaserat and with a ship of warre called the Dragon and another ship and a Pinnasse none knowing it but his owne consorts Anno 1572. sayled to Nombre de Dios which Towne he suddenly surprised and lost For hauing landed one hundred and fiftie men and leauing seuentie of them in a Fort with the rest he went to the Market place and there discharged his Calieuers and sounded a Trumpet answered in like manner from the Fort. The Townesmen hereby terrified fled into the Mountaynes But fourteene or fifteene would backe with their Harquebuses to see what the matter was and discouering the Englishmen shot and by hap killed the Trumpeter Hereupon they in the Fort not seeing their Trumpet answered after they had heard the Calieuers supposed all those which had entred were slaine and fled to their Pinnasses The Captayne comming and seeing his men all gone was surprized with a new feare and leauing their furniture they swamme and waded to their Pinnasses and departed the Port. In the Sound of Dariene heehad intelligence by certayne fugitiue Negros of Mules comming Ioden with treasure from Panamâ— to Nombre de Dios and guided by them intercepted two companies of Mules and carried away the Gold only for they were not able to carrie the Siluer thorow the Mountaynes Two dayes after he came to the house of Crosses and burnt aboue 200000. Duckets in Merchandize and so departed When he trauelled ouer those Mountaynes hee beheld thence the South Sea and thereby inflamed with desire of glory and wealth was so rapt with desire of sayling therein that he fell there on his knees and begged of God and besought the fauour of God to assist him in that exploit and made a solemne vow to that purpose one day to sayle on that Sea which euery day and night lay next his heart pricking him forwards to the performance Whiles hee was musing and hatching these haughtie Designes Iohn Oxenham who in the former Nauigations had serued vnder Captayne Drake both Souldier Mariner and Cooke became
leaue and departed for that time I sent one of my companie with them to giue notice to Carasana and the rest of the Indians of Caripo that I had brought home their Country-man Martin whom they all thought to bee dead and another of their Nation also who had kindred and friends amongst them to desire him to come aboard my ship and to bring with him the principall Indians of Caripo that I might declare vnto them the cause of my comming into their Countrie and conferre with them of other matters intended for their good The next day I came into the Riuer of Wiapoco and anchored ouer against the Sandy Bay The day following the Indians came aboard as I had desired and brought vs good siore of their Countrie prouision Carasana and one or two more of them were attyred in old clothes which they had gotten of certaine English men who by the direction of Sir Walter Raleigh had traded there the yeere before the rest were all naked both men and women and this I obserued amongst them that although the better sort of men especially the Yaios doe couer their priuities by wearing ouer them a little peece of cotton cloth pretily wouen after their manner yet did I neuer see any of their women couered in any part either aboue or beneath the waste albeit they daily conuersed amongst vs but were all as the plaine prouerb is euen starke belly naked At their comming aboard my ship first Carasana as the principall amongst them and after him the rest saluted and welcommed vs after their rude manner I vsed them with all curtesie and entertayned them as well as the straight roome would giue me leaue giuing them good store of Aquauitae which they loue exceedingly I presented to their view their two Countrimen Martin the Lord of their Towne and Anthonie Canabre who was a Christian and had liued in England fourteene yeers both which I had brought home vnto them when they beheld them and after salutations and some conference knew to bee the same persons whom they supposed had beene long since dead they expressed much ioy and contentment and vnderstanding from their owne mouthes how well I had vsed them they seemed to be better pleased with our comming and when their rude salutations to their new-come Countrimen were ended I tooke them apart and thus declared the cause of my comming First I brought to their remembrance the exploits performed by Sir Walter Raleigh in their Countrie in the reigne of our late Soueraigne Queene Elizabeth when to free them from seruitude he most worthily vanquished the Spaniards at Trinidado burned their Towne tooke their Gouernour Don Anthonio de Berreo prisoner deliuered fiue of the Indian Kings imprisoned and bound by the necke with collers of Iron and with great labour and perill discouered the Riuer of Orenoque and the Countries adioyning as farre as the Prouince of Aromaya the Countrie of Topiawary and the Riuer of Caroli beyond it And that their Countrimen called the Orenoqueponi who are the borderers of Orenoque did then most willingly submit and render themselues vnder the subiection of the late Queene all which they well remembred and said that Sir VValter Raleigh promised to haue returned againe vnto them long since Then I excused his not returning according to his promise by reason of other imployments of great importance imposed vpon him by the late Queene shewing them moreouer that when he could not for that cause returne himselfe hee sent Captaine Keymis to visit them and to bring him true intelligence of their estate supposing that hee had left no Spaniards behinde him at Trinidado of power to molest them to the end that reliefe and aide might bee prepared for them according to their necessities and oppression of their enemies Then I told them of the death of the late Queene whereby that businesse of theirs was againe hindered Moreouer I declared vnto them that our gracious Soueraigne Lord King Iames who now reigneth ouer vs being the onely right and lawfull Heire and Successor to the Crowne and Dignitie of the Realme of England after the death of the late Queene was throughout the whole Land proclaymed King of England and so comming to reigne ouer vs hath beene euer since busied in ordering the State and affaires of the Kingdome which being by his great wisedome setled in tranquillitie and peace like a good gracious and worthy King doth now permit his Subiects to trauell abroad into forraine Countries and Nations to aide and assist all such as are vniustly molested by their enemies Whereupon I and the rest of these worthy Gentlemen my associates and friends hauing intelligence by some that had beene followers of Captaine Charles Lee who was a man well knowne amongst them and heretofore had taken possession of their Countrie to his Majesties vse and was planted diuers yeeres in Wiapoco where hee lyeth buried of the great variance and discord depending betweene them the allied Nations the Yaios Arwaccas Sappaios and Paragontos and their enemies the Charibes all inhabiting betweene the Riuers of Amazones and Dessequebe haue made a long and dangerous voyage into those parts to appease their dissentions and defend them against the Charibes or other enemies that shall molest or oppresse them and now being there arriued doe intend to make search in those Countries for conuenient places where such of our Nation as shall hereafter come to defend them may be fitly seated to dwell amongst them that if any of those Nations shall attempt at any time to disturbe the quiet liuing of their Neighbours they may haue store of English friends at hand and amongst them that will not spare their paines to appease their discords nor their liues to defend them from harme When I had thus declared vnto them the cause of my comming they made this answere that with our comming they were well pleased but our number of men they thought too great that they wanted meanes to prouide vs bread sufficient for them all hauing but a small Towne few Gardens and slender prouision for their owne companies because since Captaine Lee his death and his mens departure from them they neuer made prouision for any strangers I replyed that albeit their Towne was small and their Gardens few for the grounds wherein they plant their Cassaui whereof they make their bread they call their Gardens yet their Countrie was full of Inhabitants and had store of Gardens to supply our wants of bread and was plentifully stored with other prouisions sufficient for a greater number which I desired might be weekely brought vnto vs as neede required for that I meant not to take it without recompence but would giue them for it such commodities as should well please them which they wanted as Axes Hatchets Kniues Beades Looking-glasses Iewes trumps and such like things wherein they most delight Then they desired to consult amongst themselues which I permitted and expected their answere
seeing the eminent ensuing danger should I haue left this multitude not yet fully refined I am resolued to stay till haruest be got in and then settle things according to my poore vnderstanding and returne if in the interim there come no authorised Gouernour from England Consider I pray you since things be brought to this passe as you see and that I should haue come away if then through their factions humors mutinies or indiscretion of the Chiefes I had left behinde this should fall to ruine I then should receiue the imputation and incurre the blame for quitting the Plantation although I might doâ— it both with my honour my promised stay of time being expired and hauing warrant from my Soueraigne the Kings Maiesty but the precedent reasons moued mee and that this astion of such price such excellency and assured profit to mine owne knowledge should not dye to the scorne of our Nation and to giue cause of laughter to the Papists that desire our ruine I can assure you no Country of the world affords more assured hopes of infinite riches which both by mine owne peoples discouery and the relation of such Sauages whose fidelity we haue often found assureth me Oh why should so many Princes and Noblemen ingage themselues and thereby intermedling herein haue caused a number of soules transport themselues and be transported hither Why should they I say relinquish this so glorious an Action for if their ends be to build God a Church they ought to perseuere if otherwise yet their honour ingageth them to be constant Howsoeuer they stand affected here is enough to content them let their ends be either for God or Mammon These things hauing animated me to stay for a little season to leaue those I am tied in conscience to returne vnto to leaue the assured benefits of my other fortunes the sweete society of my friends and acquaintance with all mundall delights and reside here with much turmoile which I will constantly doe rather then see Gods glory diminished my King and Countrey dishonored and these poore people I haue the charge of ruined And so I beseech you to answer for me if you heare me taxed for my staying as some may iustly doe and that these are my chiefe motiues God I take to witnesse Remember me and the cause I haue in hand in your daily meditations and reckon me in the number of those that doe sincerely loue you and yours and will euer rest in all offices of a friend to doe you seruice To my very deere and louing Cosen M. G. Minister of the B. F. in London SIr the Colony here is much better Sir Thomas Dale our Religious and valiant Gouernour hath now brought that to passe which neuer before could be effected For by warre vpon our enemies and kinde vsage of our friends he hath brought them to seeke for peace of vs which is made and they dare not breake But that which is best one Pocahuntas or Matoa the daughter of Powhatan is married to an honest and discreete English Gentleman Master Rolfe and that after she had openly renounced her Country Idolatry professed the faith of Iesus Christ and was baptised which thing Sir Thomas Dale had laboured a long time to ground in her Yet notwithstanding are the vertuous deedes of this worthy Knight much debased by the Letters which some wicked men haue written from hence and especially by one C. L. If you heare any condemne this noble Knight or doe feare to come hither for those slanderow Letters you may vpon my word boldly reproue thom You know that no malefactors can abide the face of the Iudge but themselues scorning to be reproued doe prosecute with all hatred all those that labour their amendment I maruaile much that any men of honest life should feare the Sword of the Magistrate which is vnsheathed onely in their defence But I much more muse that so few of our English Ministers that were so hot against the Surplis and subscription come hither where neither spoken of Doe they not either wilfully hide their Tallents or keepe themselues at home for feare of loosing a few pleasures Be there not any amongst them of Moses his minde and of the Apostles that forsooke all to follow Christ But I referre them to the Iudge of all hearts and to the King that shall reward euery one according to the gaine of his Talent But you my cosen hold fast that which you haue and I though my promise of three yeeres seruice to my Countrey be expired will abide in my vocation here vntill I be lawfully called from hence And so betaking vs all vnto the mercies of God in Christ Iesus I rest for euer Part of a Tractate written at Henrico in Virginia by Master ALEX. WHITAKER Minister to the Colony there which then gouerned by Sir T. DALE 1613. THey acknowledge that there is a great good God but know him not hauing the eyes of their vnderstanding as yet blinded wherefore they serue the Diuell for feare after a most base manner sacrificing sometimes as I haue here heard their owne Children to him I haue sent one Image of their god to the Counsell in England which is painted vpon one side of a toad-stoole much like vnto a deformed monster Their Priests whom they call Quiâ—kosoughs are no other but such as our English Witches are They liue naked in body as if their shame of their sinne deserued no couering Their names are as naked as their body they esteeme it a vertue to lye deceiue and steale as their Master the Diuell teacheth them Much more might be said of their miserable condition but I referre the particular narration of these things to some other season These men are not so simple as some haue supposed them for they are of body lusty strong and very nimble they are a very vnderstanding generation quicke of apprehension suddaine in their dispatches subtile in their dealings exquisite in their inuentions and industrious in their labour I suppose the world hath no better marke-men with their Bowes and Arrowes then they be they will kill Birds flying Fishes swimming and Beasts running they shoote also with meruailous strength they shot one of our men being vnarmed quite through the body and nailed both his armes to his body with one Arrow one of their Children also about the age of twelue or thirteene yeeres killed a Bird with his Arrow in my sight The seruice of their God is answerable to their life being performed with a great feare and attention and many strange dumbe shewes vsed in the same stretching forth their limbes and straining their body much like to the counterfeit women in England who faine themselues bewitched or possessed of some euill spirit They stand in great awe of the Quiokosoughs or Priests which are a generation of Vipers euen of Sathans owne brood The manner of their life is much like to the Popish Hermits of our age for they liue alone in the woods
them long before we came Wee were no sooner come withing a league of the Land but a company of Fish as it were met vs and neuer left vs till wee were come to an ankor within the harbour and as soone as we had passed ouer our businesse and all things safe and in order with a Hooke and Line wee tooke more then our whole company was able to eate so that there was enough to feed many more The next day after the Sabbath wee went with our Net and Boat and if we would haue loaded two Boats wee might and so may you do day by day Fishes doe so abound and there be of these sorts Mullets Breames Hog-fish Rock-fish and Lobstars with more sorts of other Fish which I cannot name Turkles there be of a mightie bignesse one Turkle will serue or suffice three or foure score at a meale especially if it be a shee Turkle for shee will haue as many Egges as will suffice fiftie or threescore at a meale This I can assure you they are verie good and wholsome meat none of it bad no not so much as the verie Guts and Maw of it for they are exceeding fat and make as good Tripes as your beasts bellies in England And for Fowle we went the third day of our arriuall vnto the Bird Ilands as wee call them and vsing neither Stick nor Stone-bow nor Gun we tooke them vp with our hands so many as wee would that euerie one of the company were to haue some three some foure a piece three for a child boy or girle for a man foure then reckon what those that serued some fourescore people did amount vnto But this is for certaine if wee would haue brought awaie twice so many more we might Some sixe daies after our comming wee sent out for Hogges so the company which went out brought home some for the meate of them I hold your Mutton of England not of so sweet and pleasant a taste For the inclination of the weather considering in what climate it lies wee haue had for the space of some fortie daies no raine but verie coole and fresh gales of wind yet in the day time verie hot but wee agree with it verie well and not a man that had lien sicke or diseased but all likes well and followes and imploies themselues to one businesse or other For the fruites which the Land yeelds thâ—y bee the Mulberrie great store and Peares which haue in them a red liquor as the Pomgranat hat or somewhat redder but verie wholsome if you eate an hundred at one time you shall neuer surfet of them if you eate some proportion of them they will bind but if you exceed in eating of them then are they of the contrarie operation yet neuer any that hurt themselues by them eate they neuer so many It is certaine that one man eate aboue a peck of them in some ten houres and was neuer the worse We haue a kind of Berrie vpon the Cedar Tree verie pleasant to eate and for the Palmito Tree the top of it is a great deale sweeter and wholsomer then any Cabedge In some of our Ilands there growes Pepper but not so good as our Indian Pepper diuers sorts of other good things there is which the seuerall times of the yeere bring forth one after another but the top of the Palmito Tree is in season and good all the yeere Take a Hatchet and cut him or an Augar and bore him and it yeelds a very pleasant liquor much like vnto your sweet Wines it beares likewise a Berrie in bignesse of a Prune and in taste much like Also wee haue Oliues grow with vs but no great store many other good excellent things wee haue grow with vs which this short time will not permit mee to write of so largely as I might but this is of truth that Hogs Turkles Fish and Fowle doe abound as dust of the earth for Amber-greece and Pearle wee haue not had leasure in so few daies since our arriuall to goe looke out for the one or to fish for the other but the three men which were left there haue found of them both Also they haue made a great deale of Tobacco and if some would come that haue kill in making it it would be verie commodious both to the Merchant and to the maker of it And for the Silk-worme if any were brought ouer and some of skill to vse them there would bee very much good done with them for the verie Spider in these our Ilands doth weaue perfect fine Silke both Yellow and White The Timber of the Countrey consisteth of three sorts the one is the Cedar verie fine Timber to worke vpon of colour red and verie sweet the other sorts we haue no name for for there is none in the company hath seene the like in other Countries before we came c. A Copie of the Articles which Master R. MORE Gouernour Deputie of the Sommer Ilands propounded to the Company that were there with him to be subscribed vnto which both he and they subscribed the second of August in his house Anno 1612. which about the same time he sent into England to the Worshipfull Company of the Aduenturors WEe who haue here vnder subscribed our names being by the great goodnesse of God safely arriued at the Sommer Ilands with purpose here to inhabite doe hereby promise and bind our selues to the performance of the seuerall Articles hereafter following and that in the presence of the most glorious God who hath in mercy brought vs hither First We doe faithfully promise and by these presents solemnly binde our selues euer-more to worshâ—p that aforesaid only true and euerliuing God who hath made the Heauens and the Earth the Sea and all that therein is and that according to those rules that are prescribed in his most holy Word and euer to continue in that faith into the which wee were baptised in the Church of England and to stand in defence of the same against all Atheists Papists Anabaptists Brownists and all other Heretikes and Sectaries whatsoeuer dissenting from the said Word and Faith Secondly because the keeping of the Sabboth day holy is that wherein a principall part of Gods worship doth consist and is as it were the Key of all the other parts thereof wee do therefore in the presence aforesaid promise That wee will set apart all our owne labours and imployments on that day vnlesse it be those that be of meere necessitie much more vaine and vnfruitfull practises and apply our selues to the hearing of Gods Word Prayer and all other exercises of Religion in his Word required to the vttermost of our power Thirdly Seeing the true worship of God and holy life cannot be seuered we doe therefore promise in the presence aforesaid That to the vttermost of our power we will liue together in doing that which is iust both towards God and Man and in particular
we will forbeare to take the most holy name of God in vaine in ordinary swearing by it or any other thing or by scoffing or vaine abusing of his most holy Word or to vse cursing or filthy speeches or any other thing forbidden in Gods most holy Word as also to liue together without stealing one from another or quarrelling one with another or slandering one of another And to auoide all things that stand not with the good estate of a Christian Church and well gouerned Common-wealth as also to embrace the contrary as Iustice and Peace Loue and all other things that stand with the good and comfort of Societie Fourthly Whereas we are here together farre remote from our natiue soile of England and yet are indeed the naturall Subiects of our most Royall and gracious King IAMES of England Scotland France and Ireland King Defender of the Faith c. Wee doe therefore in the presence aforesaid solemnly promise euermore to continue the loyall Subiects of our said Soueraigne King his Heires and Successors and neuer to reuolt from him or them vnto any other whatsoeuer but euermore to acknowledge his Supreme Gouernment Fiftly Whereas wee were sent hither by diuers Aduenturers of the Citie of London and other parts of the Realme of England wee doe here in the presence aforesaid promise to vse all diligence for the good of the Plantation and not to purloyne or imbesell any of the prohibited commodities out of the generall estate but to vse all faithfulnesse as it becommeth Christians to doe as also to bee obedient to all such Gouernour or Gouernours or their Deputie or Deputies as are or shall be by them sent to gouerne vs As also to yeeld all reuerence towardes the Ministery or Ministers of the Gospel sent or to be sent Sixtly and lastly Wee doe here in presence aforesaid promise the Lord assisting vs that if at any time hereafter any forrain power shall attempt to put vs out of this our lawful possession not cowardly to yeeld vp the same but manfully to fight as true English men for the defence of the Common-wealth we liue in and Gospel wee professe and that whiles we haue breath wee will not yeeld to any that shall inuade vs vpon any conditions whatsoeuer I had thought hitherto to haue added a Letter of M. Hughes written from thence Dec. 21. 1614. and printed But our latter intelligence being more ample hath caused mee to omit him and others Yea all things in some and some things in all M. Norwood hath beene a diligent Surueyor of the place and accidents and hath giuen a Map of the one common to be sold and a briefe relation of the other But because his History of the Creatures is briefe I haue borrowed out of Captaine Smith what he had borrowed of Capt. Butler and others to giue the Reader more full satisfaction in that kind CHAP. XVII Relations of Summer Ilands taken out of M. RICHARD NORWOOD his Map and Notes added thereto printed 1622. The History of the Creatures growing or liuing therein being inlarged out of Capt. SMITHS written Relations SIr Thomas Gates and Sir George Summers hauing staied in Bermuda nine moneths with helpe of such things as they saued with the Sea-ven'ure and of such as they found in the Countrey had built of Cedar and rigged fit for the Sea two Vessels a Ship and a Pinnace and vpon the tenth of May 1610. departed toward Uirginia leauing onely two men behind them and carrying them store of prouision for the reliefe of the people there Vpon the foure and twentieth of May they arriued safely there and shortly after some of them returned to the Sommer Ilands againe for a further supply in the same Ship which they had formerly built there where Sir George Sommers dying his men did not according to his last charge giuen vnto them returne to Virginia but framed their course for England leauing behind them three men that staied voluntarily who shortly after found in Sommerset Iland which is a part of Sandys Tribe a verie great treasure in Ambergreece to the valew of nine or ten thousand pound sterling there hath also been found since diuers times of the best sort This new discouery of the Sommer Ilands being thus made knowne in England to the Virginian Company by these men which returned they sold it to some hundred and twentie persons of the same Company who obtained a Charter from his Maiestie and so hold it And toward the latter end of Aprill 1612. sent thither a Ship called the Plough with some sixtie persons to inhabite appointing Gouernour one Master Richard Moore a man ingenuous and carefull who since dyed in Sir Walter Rawlyes last voyage to Guiana a place as appeareth by our Moderne Geographers very rich and spatious But as I say he arriued there about the beginning of Iuly and found the foresaid three men that staied voluntarily very well Master Moore spent the three yeeres of his gouernment for the most part in fortifying the Countrey and trayning the people in Martiall exercises which custome hath beene continued by his successours hee built some nine or tenne Forts placing Oâ—dnance and Munition in them In his time the Lord sent vpon the Countrey a very grieuous scourge and punishment threatning the vtter ruine and desolation of it That it came from God I need not striue to proue especially considering it was generally so acknowledged by vs at that time The causes and occasions of it I need not name being very well knowne to vs all that then liued there which were about sixe hundred persons thought shortly after much diminished I will onely shew the thing it selfe which was a wonderfull annoyance by silly Rats These Rats comming at the first out of a Ship few in number increased in the space of two yeeres or lesse so exceedingly that they filled not onely those places where they were first landed But swimming from place to place spread themselues into all parts of the Countrey Insomuch that there was no Iland though seuered by the Sea from all other Lands and many miles distant from the Iles where the Rats had their originall but was pestered with them They had their Nests almost in euery Tree and in all places their Burrowes in the ground like Conies to harbour in They spared not the fruits of Plants and Trees neither the Plants themselues but eate them vp When wee had set our Corne they would commonly come by troupes the night following or so soone as it began to grow and digge it vp againe If by diligent watching any of it were preserued till it came to earing it should then very hardly scape them Yea it was a difficult matter after wee had it in our houses to saue it from them for they became noysome euen to the persons of men Wee vsed all diligence for the destroying of them nourishing many Cats wilde and tame for that purpose wee vsed Rats-bane and many times set fire
very little at all because the said ships being cast away on the ebbe The goods were driuen off into the Sea the dead bodies of many that were drowned I my selfe saw â—ast on the shore with the sundry wrackes of the parts of the Ships Masts and Yards with other wracke of Caske Chists and such like in great abundance The fourteenth day of Nouember the winde being faire wee tooke passage from Lisbone in a small Barke belonging to Bidâ—ford called the Marget and on the foure and twentieth of the same we were landed at Saint Iues in Cornwall and from thence I hasted to Plimmouth where I shewed vnto Sir Ferdinando Gorges and diuers others the Aduenturers the whole Discourse of our vnhappie Voyage together with the miseries that wee had and did indure vnder the Spaniards hands And then hasted with all the speed I could toward the Court of England where I was assured to my great comfort that they either were alreadie or very shortly should bee deliuered Before my departure from Siuill I should haue remembred that about Whitsontide last there were brought into the Prison of the Contractation there two young men brought out of the West Indies in one of the Kings Gallions which were of Captaine Iohn Legats company of Plimmouth which departed out of England about the latter end of Iuly 1606. bound for the Riuer of Amazons as hee told me before his going forth where hee had beene two yeeres before And comming on the Coast of Brasill as those young men the name of one of them is William Adams borne in Plimpton neere Plimmouth reported vnto mee whether falling to the leeward of the Riuer of Amazons or deceiued by his Master they knew not And not being able to recouer the said Riuer were constrayned to refresh in the West Indies in which time there fell a great disorder betweene the said Captaine Legat and his company so as one of his company in a broyle within themselues aboard there ship slue the said Captaine Legat whether in his owne priuate quarrell or with the consent of the rest of the Company they could not tell mee But this is the more to bee suspected for that he alwayes in former Voyages dealt very straitly with his company After his death his company comming to the I le of Pinos on the Southside of Cuba to refresh themselues being eighteene persons were circumuented by the trecherie of the Spaniards and were there betrayed and taken Prisoners and within foure dayes after of eighteene persons fourteene were hanged the other foure being youths were saued to serue the Spaniards whereof two of them refusing to serue longer in there ships were put into the Prison at Siuill the other two remayne still as slaues to the Spaniards This I had the rather noted to the end that it may be the better considered what numbers of ships and men haue gone out of England since the conclusion of peace betweene England and Spaine in the way of honest Trade and Traffique and how many of them haue miserably miscarried Hauing beene slaine drowned hanged or pittifully captiued and thrust out of their ships and all their goods REader I had by me the Voyage of Captaine Thomas Hanham written by himselfe vnto Sagadahoc also the written Iournals of Master Raleigh Gilbert which stayed and fortified there in that vnseasonable Winter fit to freeze the heart of a Plantation of Iames Dauies Iohn Eliot c. but our voluminousnesse makes me afraid of offending nicer and queasier stomackes for which cause I haue omitted them euen after I had with great labour fâ—â—ted them to the Presse as I haue also done a written large Tractate of Mawaushen and the Uoyage of Master Edward Harlie one of the first Planters with Cap. Popham and Nicholas Hobson to those parts 1611. with diuers Letters from Cap. Popham and others You must obserue that it was in those times called by the name of Virginia and the Northerne Plantation or Colonie But Captaine Smith a man which hath so many Irons in our fire presented a Booke of the Countrie to Prince Charles his Highnesse with a Map of the Countrey who stiled it as our hopes are he will one day make it New England and altered the Sauage names of places to English Hee made one Voyage thither Anno 1614. and the next yeere beganne another which taken by Frenchmen he was not able to make vp but in testimonie of his loue to his Countrey here and of his hopes there hath written diuers Bookes One called A Description of New England in which his said Uoyages are described with the description of the Countrey and many Arguments to incite men to that vndertaking which I had also prepared for the Presse but for the former feares haue omitted the other called New Englands Trials twice or thrice printed out of which I haue added thus much that the World may see the benefit to bee made by fishing and may also be better acquainted with the successe and succession of New Englands Affaires CHAP. III. Extracts of a Booke of Captaine IOHN SMITH printed 1622. called New Englands tryalls and continuing the Storie thereof with Motiues to the businesse of fishing there The benefit of fishing as Master Dee reporteth in his Brittish Monarchie HE saith that it is more then foure and fortie yeeres agoe and it is more then fortie yeeres since he writ it that the Herring Busses out of the Low-countries vnder the King of Spaine were siue hundred besides one hundred Frenchmen and three or foure hundred Sayle of Flemmings The Coasts of Wales and Lancashire was vsed by three hundred Sayle of strangers Ireland and Baltemore fraugted yeerly three hundred Sayle of Spaniards where King Edward the Sixt intended to haue made a strong Castle because of the Strait to haue Tribute for fishing Blacke Rocke was yeerely fished by three or foure hundred Sayle of Spaniards Portugals and Biskiners Master Gentleman and many Fisher-men and Fish-mongers with whom I haue conferred report The Hollanders raise yeerely by Herring Cod and Ling 3000000. pounds English and French by Salt-fish Poore Iohn Salmons and Pilchards 300000. pounds Hamborough and the Sound for Sturgion Lobsters and Eeles 100000. pounds Cape Blacke for Tunny and Mullit by the Biskiners and Spaniards 30000. pounds But diuers other learned experienced Obseruers say though it may seeme incredible That the Duke of Medina receiueth yeerely tribute of the Fishers for Tunny Mullit and Purgos more then 10000. pounds Lubeck hath seuen hundred Ships Hamborough six hundred Embden lately a Fisher Towne one thousand foure hundred whose Customes by the profit of fishing hath made them so powerfull as they bee Holland and Zealand not much greater then Yorkeshire hath thirtie walled Townes foure hundred Villages 20000. saile of Ships and Hoyes thirtie sixe thousand are Fisher-men whereof one hundred are Doggers seuen hundred Pinkes and Wel-boates seuen hundred Frand Boates Britters and Tode-boats with one thousand three hundred Busses besides three hundred
Christian Princes he vseth to preuent abuses to maintaine Ecclesiasticall discipline For asmuch as Henry the Eight late King of England a Rebell and forsaker of the Sea Apostolike separated himselfe and his from the communion of Christians by force and Elizabeth the present Vsurper perseuereth therein not without great commotion and danger of the Neighbour Regions shewing her selfe obstinate and impenitent so that there is no hope that those Kingdomes may at any time be reformed and reduced to the exercise of Christian Religion true peace and quietnesse except shee be depriued of the administration of the Kingdome Therefore our most holy Father desiring as his Office requireth to prouide for this euill with present and strong remedies inspired to him from God to the health of the vniuersall Church incited as well by his owne as his predecessors affection and zeale alway borne toward England and moued by the continuall sollicitation vehement and importunate exhortation of very many and those principall men of the said Nation hee hath vsed great diligence with diuers Princes and especially with the Mightie and Catholike King of Spaine imploring his aide hereunto by the reuerence which hee beareth the Roman Sea by the old friendship and consanguinitie which his Family hath had with the Kings of England by his singular charitie and beneuolence formerly shewed to the Catholikes of that Countrey for obtaining by that meanes his desire of peace and quietnesse in his Neighbour Prouinces for his studie and readinesse towards the propagation of Catholike Religion and lastly for the furtherance of the common good of Europe hath besought him to confer all the Forces which God almightie hath giuen him hereunto that that Woman may bee deiected from her degree and that the euill men and hurtfull to mankind which adhere to her may be punished and that Kingdome may bee reduced to certaine reformation and quietnesse from which great good and many commodities to the Common-wealth might be to be expected Wherefore that bee might make knowns to all the world the Iustice of this Cause and the Subiects also of that Kingdome might fully he satisfied likewise that hee might denounce the iust iudgement of God against her It hath seemed meet to his Holinesse with the Declaratory Sentence made against this Woman to shew the cause also why he had so proceeded against her First because shee is an Heretike and Schismatike and therefore excommunicated of two Popes his predecessors contumacious disobedient to God and the supreme Sea Also shee tooke to her selfe with presumptious vsurpation supreme Authoritie and Ecclesiasticall iurisdiction ouer the Soules of Men against Nature Reason against all Lawes Diuine and Humane and that as well by vertue of the sentences giuen by Clement the Seuenth and Paul the Third as of the publike declaration of King Henry her Father Thirdly because shee vsurped the Kingdome against all right not onely in regard of the impediments aforesaid but also against the old Contracts in times past made betwixt the Sea Apostolike and the Kingdome of England in the time of Henry the Second when the said Kingdome reconciled if selfe to the Roman Sea for the murther of Saint Thomas of Canturbury At which time it was agreed that none should bee taken for lawfull King of England without consent of the Great Bishop which conuention or contract was after renewed by King Iohn and confirmed by Oath Which thing was most profitable and so established by the request of the Nobilitie and People For many and grieuous iniuries extorsions and other wrongs perpetrated by her and by others through her permission against the distressed innocent Subiects of both Kingdomes For seditions and rebellions betwixt the Inhabitants of neighbour Prouinces raised against their lawful Magistrate and naturall Prince by which shee seduced innumerable Soules and many potent Regions For entertainment giuen to Fugitiue Heretikes and Rebells wicked and publike malefactors and vndertaking their protection to the great losse and detriment of Christian Regions Also for sending to and procuring the Turke that our mightie and cruell Enemy to inuade Christendome and disturbe the setled Peace For the horrible and long persecution of the Saints of God for holy B B. ill handled spoyled imprisoned and diuers torments and miserable tortures and slaughters done to the members of the holy and Catholike Church For the inhumane and vniust imprisonment and crueltie lately exercised against the most gracions Princesse Mary Queene of Scotland which had fled into England hauing first receiued promise of securitie pretection and aide For abolishing the true Catholike Religion the profanation of holy Sacraments also of Monasteries Temples Persons consecrated to the memory of Saints and all other things which make or may help to eternall life And concerning Secular affaires and the State politike for that the ancient Nobilitie being reiected and excluded shee hath promoted obscure and vnworthy men to Ciuill and Ecclesiasticall dignities and by this meanes hath made a sale of Lawes and Rights and lastly for the absolute tyranny which shee vsurpeth and continually exerciseth to the great contempt of God oppression of the miserable People the losse of Soules and destruction of Countries Wherefore seeing those offences are of that nature and moment that some make her vncapable of the kingdome others make her vnworthy of life his Holinesse by the power of Almightie God and of Apostolicall authoritie committed to him doth renew the sentence of his predecessors Pius the Fifth and Gregory the Thirteenth whereby the said Elizabeth is excommunicated and depriued of her Kingdome And now by these present Letters the same Elizabeth againe excommunicateth and depriueth of all Royall Dignitie Titles Rights and pretences to the said Kingdomes of England and Ireland declaring her illegitimate and a true Usurper of the Kingdomes and absoluing the Subiects of that Land and all others from all dutie of Dominion Fidelitie and Obedience and from the Oath giuen to her or to any of her substitutes Further expresly commanding vnder paine of the anger of God Almightie that none of whatsoeuer condition or degree after hee shall haue notice hereof doe presume to yeeld her any obedience fauour or ayde whatsoeuer but that all may imploy all their power and indenour that due punishment may be taken of her that shee at length which hath separated her selfe by many wayes from God and his Church seeing her selfe for saken and destitute of all worldly refuge may be brought to acknowledge her fault and to subiect her selfe to the iudgement of the most High with all submission And therefore commands all and euery the Inhabitants of the said Kingdomes and all others that with all their power they execute the premisses withdrawing all helpe publike and priuate from the said person and her adherents and that as soone as they shall be hereof certisied they ioyne themselues to the Catholike
Westerly wind bringeth in the hollow mother Sea so the wind then being West Southerly blew trade and made both a great Sea gate or wash vpon the shoare and a dangerous rode So as besides the apparant likelihood that our men had been all lost by the ouerturning of our Boats vpon our heads the losse of our Boates which could not haue beene in that place auoided had kept vs from watering and so had beene the manifest destruction of the whole Fleet. Whereupon I the Generall leauing commandement of the great Ships with Sir Walter Raleigh because the Lord Thomas Howard desired to land with mee accompanied with his Lords Ship and all the other principall Officers and persons of qualitie in the Army I put my selfe in the smal Ships and towed the boats at our Sterns to seeke another smal Bay on the other side of the Point to the Eastward called Punta de Galera or Galy Point where there was a Land Fange and consequently a smoother landing But we putting off in this manner at eleuen of the clocke at night I the Generall in a Pinnace of Sir Walter Raleigh called the Guiana wherein all the Officers of the Land Army did accompany me the Aduenturers of quality that came out of my Ship in another Pinnace with Captain Arthur Champernon came to an anchor in this Bay but so dangerously as wee were put from our anchor and had like to haue beene cast away all the rest of the Fleet being put to leeward very farre The next morning at the breake of the day being driuen as low as Uilla Franca and there finding a good landing place wee set our troups on shoare where wee found besides many other commodities with which we refreshed our troupes a better watering place and a safer rode then any other that was about that Iland Which together with the impossibilitie of getting our small Ships and Boats to ply backe againe fiue leagues against the wind and to meet vs that should haue marched by land and they seeing of many of the Queens principal ships driuen from their anchors about and come to Villa Franca These accidents I say made vs to resolue to draw all the Fleet to one place and there to water with all possible diligence And wee being there saw it was so dangerous for our Ships to ride the wind growing more Southerly as on Sunday the fifteenth of October wee re-imbarked all our men the Masters of the Ships hauing before protested that if they were put from their anchors as hourely they looked to bee that the Fleet and Land Forces were in danger to be seuered for this whole Winter So as to haue hazarded her Maiesties honour and so many gallant men for that which was neuer any of our ends had beene as vnwise as it was vnsafe and if the counsell of retyring were good the manner of it was without taxation for wee imbarked first of all our idle persons secondly our aduenterours and the old Companies one after another and when wee had but three hundred and fiftie men on shore the enemy marching in sight of our Guards we went out to meet him and stood two houres readie to fight with the whole Forces of the Iland till at last they retired out of sight Thus left wee that Iland the principall Commanders by Land and Sea staying to bring off the last man In this meane time while the Land Forces were at Villa Franca and the Fleet at Punta Delgada there came into that Road a Carake and a small Brasil man The Carack presently ran her selfe on the Rocks and after her men had saued themselues the last set her on fire with all the goods in her to auoid her being taken Which Sir Walter Raleigh and those with him could not possibly auoid The Brasil man was taken and the Ship being found leakie the goods were taken out and put into English Ships And now wee haue giuen account of all our whole carriage vntill we bare for England If our comming home scattering be obiected wee must plead the violence of stormes against which no fore directions nor present industry can preuaile Wee must conclude with this That as wee would haue acknowledged that wee had done but our duties if we had defeated the Adelantado interpreted the Feet of Treasure and conquered the Ilands of the Açores So wee hauing failed of nothing that God gaue vs meanes to doe wee hoped her Maiestie will thinke our painfull dayes carefull nights euill diet and many hazards deserue not now to be measured by the euent the like honourable and iust construction wee promise our selues at the hands of all my Lords As for others that haue set warme at home and descant vpon vs wee know they lacked strength to performe more and beleeue they lacke courage to aduenture so much Signed ESSEX Thomas Howard Ch Mountioy Walter Raleigh Fran Vere Antony Sherley Christ Blunt §. II. A larger Relation of the said Iland Voyage written by Sir ARTHVR GORGES Knight collected in the Queenes Ship called the Wast Spite wherein he was then Captaine with Marine and Martiall Discourses added according to the Occurrences THese Iles of the Asores are situate in the Atlantike or Westerne Ocean and doe stand betweene 37. and 40. degrees and distant from England 400. leagues They are in number nine namely Saint Maries Saint Michaels The Tercera Gratiosa S. Georges Pykes Fayall Flores and Guerno This name of Asores was giuen vnto these Ilands by the Portugues of a kind of Hawkes called by them Asores which wee name Goshawkes and the Latines Accipitres whereof there did breed great store in those Iles But Ortellius sets downe this name to bee so giuen of the French word Essorer which signifieth to dry or wither but yeeldeth no reason withall for that Etimology The Netherlanders doe call them the Flemish Ilands challenging that they were first discouered by the Merchans of Bridges who found them meerely vn-inhabited abounding with Woods and Cedar Trees whether they sent Colonies to people and manure them And afterterwards in processe of time they yeelded themselues Subiects to the Portugues who since did inhabite and gouerne there so as now with them they are fallen vnder the power of the Spanish vsurpation Amongst these Ilands the Tercera is the chiefe but is so called by the Spaniards because it heth the third Iland distant from the Coast of Spaine It is plentifull of Fruit and Corne and hath some Vines growing in it The Inhabitants doe make great benefit and trade of Oade to dye Cloth which growes there in great plentie The chiefe Towne in that Iland is called Angra and hath thereunto a very strong Fortresse called Brazill and vnder it a Roade for shipping to ride but an Hauen or safe Port for all weathers there is not one amongst these nine Ilands The Pike is so called of a sharpe Mountaine rising steeple wise some three miles in heighe and six or
the company that the Captaine that had taken this Indian Prize had already sent the Admirall a Letter to the same effect Yet the Reare-Admirall for the more suretie doubting that a Letter might miscarry or that no such Letter might bee sent being but an excuse of this Man to put off the trouble of seeking out our Fleet being a matter of great importance commanded one of his small Men that at that time followed vs to deliuer the same aduertisement to our Admirall as hee had receiued it by word of mouth and to vse all diligence to seeke him and the Fleet and to deliuer the report truly in manner as it was related and withall to signifie vnto his Lordship that wee there attended him in that height according to the directions and so would obserue all places and times appointed and that in such sort his Lordship should be sure to heare of vs vpon any occasion to wait on him This message and Messenger could sufficiently witnesse that we had no intent nor desire to abandon the Fleet or to sequester our selues being at the place set downe in the generall instructions This small Man that had this message in charge to deliuer to his Lordship the next day by good hap found out the Fleet and vpon deliuery of this newes within two dayes after our Reare-Admirall receiued two seuerall Letters to one effect from the Admirall one after another First somewhat taxing him for not writing then for his absence and withal requiring him presently to follow him to the Ilands whether he said he would by Gods helpe hasten to find the Adelantado not doubting but to giue his Mistresse a better account of that seruice then the Adelantado should yeeld his Master so or much to that effect the Letters went for I my selfe read them with the Reare-Admirall his permission and therefore can truly report their contents Vpon this suddaine and strict message we presently altered our determination from going to the South-Cape to hast to the Ilands and therfore we presently gaue notice to Sir William Brooke and the rest of our consorts of our Admirall his Letters and what way he meant to take and so instantly without any further delay we shaped our course for the Ilands But in this passage of ours towards the Ilands as wee had a franke wind so met wee with other lets For our Maine-yard began againe to cracke insomuch that wee were inforced to strengthen it with more fishing And as commonly misfortunes neuer come alone so in the necke of this trouble our Mayn-mast began to shrinke also springing great flawes in diuers places in so much that at last we greatly doubted with euery high blast or wind that it would haue beene blowne ouer-boord This sudden disaster much troubled vs and the more to thinke what vnequall constructions would bee made thereof Wee acquainted all the rest of our consorts with this late befallne mischiefe and desired Sir William Brooke in the Dread naught to carry the light for all the company seeing that our ship was so defectiue that we must needs stay to see if we could make the Mast seruiceable but would vse all our best means to come speedily after desiring him and all the rest to hast to our Admiral and to signifie our misfortunes and withal to make the more speed for that if the Adelantado were at the Ilands our Admirals Forces would be wel helped by their companies so for a few hours we and our consorts parted only we retained two little small Men with vs for our better comfort Yet notwithstanding this order and direction giuen so great were our desires to go on our labor such as that the same night wee had new fished our crased Maine-mast with a spare Maine top Mast that lay by vs and then so plied our sayles as that the next day towards the euening wee ouertooke Sir William Brooke againe and the rest of our consorts hasting towards the Ilands as was directed And on the eight of September in the yeere 1597. being Thursday wee made the I le called the Tercera and weathered it to the North-west where we met with an English Merchant that came from Saint Michaels and had layen trading about those Ilands some six weekes together but could not tell vs any newes of our Admirall and the Fleet albeit they were passed by but two dayes before Which shewes how easie a matter it is for shipping to passe by amongst those Ilands vnseene and how difficult it is to find out such Ships among those Ilands as would shelter themselues from men of Warre and couet not to bee met withall seeing that so great a Fleet could passe by vnseene or vnheard of by one that came iust from the Ilands at the same time that our Generall came thither And therefore it is a necessary obseruation for all such men of Warre as would meet or intercept any shipping that doth touch at those Ilands or do come from thence to keep in the maine sea and so to attend their comming forth and not to puzzle themselues with running in amongst those Ilands to seeke for purchase except they haue others of their consorts lying in the Sea at the receite if they chance to slip by which is easily done This Merchant informed vs of certaine West Indian men and two Carracks that a month before had touched there bound for Spaine And by this Merchant wee wrote into England how affaires went In passing thus onwards we discouered Saint Georges Ilands and there we dispatched two of our small men with charge to search about the Islands for our Fleete and to enforme our Admirail that we were going for Flores and Cueruos in hope to meete him there withall willing those small men to come thither vnto vs. And yet I remember many in our Ship were doubtfull and laid great wagers that our Fleet was not yet come to the Islands for that this Merchant could make no report thereof Whilest we were before Saint Georges we were very much becalmed for a day or two and the weather extreamely hot insomuch as the winde could not beare the sailes from the mastes but were faine to hull in the Sea to our great discontentment that before had vsed such great diligence and haste to meete with our Admirall and the rest of the Fleete Notwithstanding the winde began againe to be fauourable and so setting forwards the next of the Ilands that we made were Gratiosa Pyke and Fayall And as we ranged by Gratiosa on the tenth of September about twelue a clocke at night we saw a large and perfect Rainbow by the Moone light in the bignesse and forme of all other Rainbowes but â—n colour much differing for it was more whitish but chiefly inclining to the colour of the flame of fire This made vs expect some extraordinary tempestuous weather but indeede it fell out afterward to be very calme and hot This Rainbow by the Moone light I
French is they deserued 1605 Spanish irregularitie in the Indies derided by a French Catholike 1621. Spaniards arrest English Ships 1893. Spanish preparation against England Anno 1588. p. 1895. Spanish policy 1897. The Spanish A 〈…〉 ada setteth faile is discomfited by a tempest is at last descried by an English Pirat 1903 Spaniards vaine opinion concerning the English Fleet 1907 Spaniards fire their owne ships 1931. Span Armada's cut their Cables 1908. They fly for to saue their liues 1910. They suffer miserable shipwracke on the Irish Sea They seize on some Scottish Fisher-boats ib. Spanish plagues and miseries by the English 1680 There flight for feare of the English 1932. Spanish Fly-boats molest the English about the coasts of Cornwall 1698. Spanish Caruels dispersed 1698. Spanish ships at Sea for the discoverie of the state of Virginia's Colony 1773. Spaniards hated by the Portingals 1952. Spaniards variety of dispositions in various fortunes 1954. Their nature in generall ibid. Sparries relations of the I le of Trinidad Guiana and the River Orenoco 1247 1248 seq Spices excellent good hot and comfortable in the Magellane straits 1390 Spiders with silken webs and little eggs like Quick-siluer in the Bermudas 1899. Not found to bee venemous ibid. Spignard wherof is a precious oyntment made 1264 Spilpergen a famous Navigator among the Dutck 1191 Spirito Santo a Port in the West-Indies neerè the Liue 1190 1196. It s description and fortification 1197 Spleene how cased 1315 Squanto a Savage of the company of the Massasoyts very helpfull and commodious to the English 1851 Squasachin wife to the great gouernour of the Savages 1861 Squirrels flying in Virginia 1695 Capt. Standish his training vp his men in new-New-England to military affaires 1854. His iourney to the Masacheuasets 1863. Hee encountreth with a Savage and putteth him to flight 1865 teth him to flight 1865 Stars obserued by the Indians 1870 Stately Statues in the Indies 1463 Steering a ship requireth exquisite care 1378 1379 Stills set on worke for want of water 1967 Stingeray Ile so named of a stinging Raye 1714 Stomaccace a strange disease its cause and cure by scurvie-grasse 1624 The Stone how and with what cur'd 1310. An approued medicine for it 1312 Stones like Chrystall 1216 Rich Stones 1276 Stones transparent 1284 No Stones in some part of Florida 1504 Stones medicinable 1509 Stones how necessary in new France 1624. The benefit of them ingenerall ibid. Straits of Magellane how dangerous a passage 1439 Strawberies of rare bignesse in Virginia 1686 A Stratagem of the Indians 1442 1443 Peter Strosse in his desperate brauery taken by the Spaniards to the losse of his nauy 1962 Tho. Stukâ—ley an English fugitine his faire promise to the Popes bastard 1893 Stuesia an Indian riuer 1362 Sturgeon store in Virginia 1758 Suboris certaine Indians so called 1364 Earle of Suffolkes setting forth a Fleet 1186 Sugar-Canes 1171 Sulphry smels issuing from raine 1157 Cap. Summers voyage 1186 Sun and Moone worshipped 1233 1464. 1465. Suppayas certaine Indians inhabiting Wiapoco riuer their description 1263. Their nakednesse painting child-birth Funeralls c. ibid. Supply to the Plantation in Virginia by the English 1841. Supply to the plantation of New-England 1867 Superstition among Savages 1226 Surarer a towne of Savages called Araccaws in America 1283 Sarcucuses a Savage nation their commodities 1356 Susolas-Indians 1516 Swearing forbidden amongst the Inhabitants of Peru 1451 Swearers punished in the King of Spaines Armada 1902 Swearing and blaspheming its ill euent 1805 Sweating vsed by the Indians to expell diseases 1624 Swine with holes in their backs 1326 Sword-fish 1266 Symamios Savages in the West-Indies so called 1364 Symarons fugitiue Negroes in the West-Indies 1414. Their habitation called St. Iago de los Negros ibid. T. TAbaga Iland 1415 Tacâ—ia Savages 1299 Tagrona one of the richest valleyes in the Indies 1434 Tali a Floridan Towne 1540 Tamgara a dancing bird troubled with some disease like the falling sicknesse 1305 Tamos a populous Prouince 1562 Tamkings a peece of wood of great moment for shooting in peeces of Ordnance 1413 Taminna a mountaine in America signifying the mountaine of gold 1217 Tapatu a Floridan riuer 1552 Tapecuia Savages 1299 Tapetijwason a strange beast in in Port-famine in the streights of Magellane 1233. Portugals call them Gombe 1233 Tapati a Brasilian beast that barketh like a dog 1393 Tapia taken by Sir Francis Drake 1183 Tapuyas certaine Savages so called 1213. Many Nations vnder that name 1298 seq Their speech cannot bee vnderstood 1299. The seuerall nations ibid. Tapyrousoa au Indian beast whose skin makes Targets 1325 Taragauig Brasilians that fight w th enuenomed arrowes 1299 Tar or Taroo a place neer Orenoco 1249 Targets of Cow hides 1560 Targets made of Buff-skins eaten 1214. Targets beneficiall against Savage arrowes 1716 Tarcaluca-Prouince 1541 Taru a beast of Brasil that hath scales like plates on her back which no arrow may enter 1302 Tatalacoya a towne of the Indians in Florida surprized by Spaniards 1549 Tatarcax a rich King in America 1561 Tauparamunni a towne inhabited by Caribes in the riuer Marwin 1283 Taymayas the name of some Indian Savages 1211 1213. Tamoyes description their infinite store of gold and precius stones their nature and civilitie 1231 Tecoantepeck the first Towne in New Spaine 1177 Teeth shedding by drinking a kind of water neere the River Rhine 1622 Teixo a wood as hard as stone 1670 Temples couered with straw in Topira 1560. Temples to the Sun Moone and Stars richly adorned in the ancient City Cozco of Peru which women might not enter 1465 A horrible Tempest 1175. Extreame Tempests 1193 1194 1223 1500. Frequent Tempests 1502 A dreadfull Tempest neere Tercera throwing fishes on the ground ouer exceeding high cliffes its pittifull effects 1679 1680. An extreame Tempest brauely related 1735 1736 1737 Tenaserea a Mountatine in the East-Indies where Diamonds are found 1271 Teneriffa an Iland in the Canaries it s exceeding high mountaines great riches store of Sacke 1156 1369 1370 Tepique a Prouince neere New-Spaine taken possession of by Spaniards 1559 Tercera one of the Azores Ilands 1143. The description thereof its forts fortification mountain and sudden discouerie of ships its chiefe Towne wines prouision fruits 1668. The chiefe trafficke woad 1669. Its birds seasons Stones ibid. Corne Uines Oxen called by names like men ibid. Subiect to earth-quakes strange fountaine and wood Inhabitants are all Portingalls or Spaniards 1670 its strange diseases strong windes and other villages 1671. Whence so called and the store of Oade growing there 1938 Terra-Australis incognita its description at large 1423 seq its bignesse situation diuersity of inhabitants their manner and disposition described 1423. its commodities of fruits beasts fishes filuer pearle probability of gold spices c. 1424 Riuers and other commoditie at large its possession for the King of Spain 1425 1426 Terra Firma 1146. it hath on the coast 70 Ilands 1434 the publication of God there after the Spaniards manner
and benignity 1717. Virginians in want and pouerty 1725. a Virginian Sauages his Oration to Captaine Smith 1727. a Virginian smothered at Iames towne and recouered lunaticke and restored 1726 1727. Virgina Sauages offer to fight vnder English banners 1729. Virginian Sauages brought perforce to peace with the English 1769 1770. Virginia Sauages religion and disposition 1771. their countries described seasons climate beasts birds fishes and other rarities 1771 1772 1773. Virginian account of yeares 1774. Virginians kill some English ibid. their trecherous and bloody nature 1788 1789. Virginians worship the Deuill but loue him not 1790. their fearing the shadow of a Piece or Musket with their sowing gunpowder ibid. Virginians possesse some Pieces with munition after the massacre destroyed cattell ibid. Virginian plantations Presidency assumed by the Lord De la Ware its first successe 1754. 1755 1756. in what case it was left by the said Lord and the cause why he left it 1763. its commodities ibid. 1764. Virginias plantations benefit of corne by Captaine Argall 1765. its rarities ibid. Virginian affaires variety by the approach of diuers Captaines there 1766 1767 1768. its commodities vnworthy English inhabitants ibid. chiefe places the Bermuda City and Henrico ibid. its Forts 1768. Virginias eleuation aboue many countries 1770. Virginian affaires Anno 1617 1618 page 1774. Anno 1619 page 1775. the profits that may bee deriued thence ibid. Anno 1619 et 1620 page 1775 1775. the supplies from England in that time ibid. with Ships men and their employments there on what commodities for trading 1776 1777. Virginian benefactors 1777. Virginian affaires in the yeare 1621 page 1783. with the supply of men goods and Ships then sent with other accidents ibid. 〈◊〉 1784. and supplies with relation of matters of trading there 1784. Virginia's praises farther related 1717 w th the hopes to paxss thense to China 1786. Virginia's state before the massacre 1788. The massacre it selfe the plot and execution 1788 1789 1790. 1347. The Englishmen basely murdered in it ibid. A Virginian conuerted discovers the plots 1790. Virginiaes plantations necessaries without which it may not so wel be effected 1791 Virginiaes massacre supposed caâ—se seconded by a sicknesse 1792. It s authors end ibid. The supply thereof by King Iames 1793. Virginia commended and discommended according to mens diuers humours discovered in Letters 1806 1807. Virginia planted by French men 1807. They afterwards displanted by Sir Samuel Argall 1808. Virginia's possession and plantation by the English soundly and largely proved to be lawfull by a naturall and nationall right 1809 1810 1811. Virginia's first discouerie and discouerers 1812. Virginia rightly possessed by the English by acknowledgement of the Prince there 1813. By buying selling cession forfeiture ib. Virginiaes plantation advanceth Gods glory 1817 1818. Virginia's want of good exeused 1814 1815. Virginia-plantations losse by the massacre 1816. The number there since ibid. Virginia's plantation to the prosecuted and for what reasons 1826. seq As first Religion honour of the Nation c. 1816 Virginia deserues plantation for the profit 1817. For disburdening multitudes 1818. For a temperate climate ibid. For largenesse ibid. Commodious Rivers whose sliding embracements of the earth are fiuently described ibid. Siâ—kes Wines Mines drugs c. ibid. Materials for shipping 1820. Fishâ—ng 1821. Tobacco trading ibid. Hopes of passage to the South Sea 1822. For other reasons advantages 1824. For being a refreshment to ships tired with long voyages ibid. 1825 Virguano a towne inhabited by Savages in America neere Marwin 1285 A Vision 14â—8 Visitation of the sicke among the Indians the horrible hideous noise vsed by those miserable comforters 1860 Vitachaco a town in Florida 1534 Vlissingers take one of the Portingal Gallions 1909 Vllibaholi a walled towne of the Indians in Florida and the fashion of those walls 1541 Vndermining of townes 1919 Vnicornes horne saveth many from poison 1213 Vno a River 1223 Vomiting to death 1214. Vomiting procured by what Plants in Bermuda Ilands 1801 Vna a mountaine in the West-Indies 1285 A Vnicorne with a strange horne 1560. With haire as bigge as a finger ibid. Vnthankfulnesse in Spaniards towards their Indian Benefactors 1526 Voyages are commonly ouerthrowne by the Captaines giving way or too much yeelding lenity 1389. Voyages by the Lord of Cumberland 1141. 1142 seq Voyages by Sir Sebastian Cabot Sir Thomas Pert 1177. By Sir Iohn Hawkins Sir Fran. Drake ibid. seq Voyages by Capt. Michelson Capt. Newport Earle of Suffolke Sir Robert Dudley ibid. Voyages by Captaine Preston Capt. Summers Sir Anthony Sherley Capt. Parker Sir Walter Raleigh Mr Will. Hawkins ibid. Capt. Parker 1243 1244 seq Mâ—ddleton 1246 1247. Voyages by Reniger Borey Pudsey Steuen Hare Fenton Ward and Iohn Drake 1186. Voyages by Captaine Candish and Capt. Dauies 1191 1192 c. By Sir Richard Hawkins 1367. c. By Pamphilo Naruaez Spaniard 1500 1501 seq By Francisco Pizarro 1489 seq Voyages by Nunno de Guzman Spaniard 1556. seq Soto his Voyages and discoveries of Florida 1530. at large in seq Voyages by the the French and discoueries of Florida and Canada 1603. seq Voyages by Monseur de Montz 1620. seq Voyages from England the ships being furnished with two hundred pounds in Cash 1838. From Plimmouth to Bilboa with dry fish 1839. A voyage of seven sayle from the West-country 1839. Voyages to Virginia furnished by Sir Walter Raleigh 16â—5 1646. Voyage of Captaine Gosnol to Virginia Anno 1602. pag. 1647. seq Voyage by Mr Pringe to Virginia 1654. seq By Captaine Gilbert to the same 1656. seq By Capt. Weymouth to Virginia 1659. seq Avoyage to the Iâ—e of Azores by the Right Honorable Rob. Earle of Essex 1935. Voyages by Sir Thomas Gates 1734 seq By Captaine Argall 1758. Voyages to Sommer-Iland by the English 1793. seq An admirable voyage from the Bermudas to Ireland in a small boat 1803 Vparason a River nauigable in Brasile 1â—40 Vpanason a River in the Indâ—â—s very commodious for watering 1223 Vpsegon a towne in Mawooshen vnder the Lord Bashabes 1874 Vrarino towne a towne of Aâ—waccas and â—aâ—awogoto Savages in America 1283 Vraâ—itan an Iland in Brasile called by the Portingals Alqua 〈…〉 1241. It s description for Navigators ibid. Vrapo and Arieppo two Indian woods 1251 Vrine drunke for want of water 1188 Vrokere Indians so called 1286 Vrquam River 1364 Vtinama a Floridan towne 1533 A Vulcan a most dreadfull thing casting forth fire stones as great as a house causing vnwholsomnesse of thence-issuing waters 15â—9 Vupanqui his raigne ouer the inhabitants of Peru his acts and conquests his making a bridge of Oziers beautifying the Sunnes temple extent of his dominions transplantation of countries 1463 1464 Vzela a towne in Florida in America 1534 W. VVAbocâ—â—yaway an Arwacca towne in America 1286 Wacarimock mountaines neere the riuer O. enoco 1248 Walnuts thirty Ilands of thâ—m 1612 Wancoobanoua a valley abounding with gold-grains wasâ—ed from the