write_v that_o leo_n make_v a_o change_n against_o reason_n of_o law_n and_o here_o especial_a care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o avoid_v that_o which_o some_o have_v presume_v to_o affirm_v touch_v those_o most_o excellent_a book_n of_o justinian_n which_o make_v up_o a_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n 3._o that_o the_o law_n prescribe_v in_o those_o book_n be_v not_o the_o law_n only_o of_o a_o city_n but_o even_o of_o nation_n and_o nature_n and_o that_o the_o whole_a be_v so_o fit_v unto_o nature_n that_o after_o the_o empire_n be_v extinct_a though_o the_o law_n be_v a_o long_a time_n bury_v yet_o it_o rise_v again_o and_o spread_v itself_o through_o all_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o that_o it_o concern_v even_o prince_n although_o it_o be_v frame_v by_o justinian_n for_o private_a person_n as_o if_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v only_o out_o of_o those_o book_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v how_o that_o not_o only_o very_o many_o decree_n and_o custome_n introduce_v in_o the_o romane-germane_n empire_n itself_o and_o other_o place_n abroad_o have_v extreme_o alter_v many_o thing_n contain_v in_o those_o book_n but_o also_o that_o we_o find_v divers_a king_n both_o of_o ley_n spain_n and_o physica_n france_n have_v sometime_o heretofore_o prohibit_v the_o use_n of_o they_o in_o any_o kind_n within_o their_o court_n of_o justice_n there_o be_v true_o some_o thing_n in_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o nation_n of_o europe_n who_o receiv_v those_o book_n and_o that_o upon_o very_o good_a ground_n both_o into_o their_o school_n and_o court_n so_o far_o as_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o their_o kingdom_n will_v permit_v i_o mean_v in_o their_o law_n common_a or_o intervenient_a which_o be_v not_o ground_v at_o all_o upon_o the_o law_n of_o justinian_n but_o have_v have_v their_o original_n from_o custom_n quite_o contrary_a thereto_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v not_o now_o make_v slave_n nor_o be_v the_o law_n concern_v captivity_n or_o remitter_n upon_o return_n from_o captivity_n touch_v the_o 20._o person_n of_o man_n in_o any_o use_n at_o all_o which_o notwithstanding_o take_v up_o a_o title_n in_o the_o digest_v ship_n drive_v by_o wrack_n upon_o a_o shore_n do_v by_o the_o possessione_n law_n of_o justinian_n which_o be_v confirm_v also_o in_o the_o 118._o roman_n german_a empire_n belong_v either_o to_o the_o former_a owner_n or_o as_o thing_n relinquish_v and_o unpossessed_a to_o the_o first_o finder_n nor_o do_v the_o exchequer_n interpose_v any_o claim_n whereas_o nevertheless_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o divers_a nation_n intervenient_a to_o themselves_o and_o their_o neighbour_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o those_o ship_n be_v very_o often_o confiscate_v according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o custom_n as_o among_o the_o english_a the_o 45._o britain_n 10._o sicilian_n some_o 393._o borderer_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o italy_n and_o other_o and_o although_o it_o be_v account_v cruelty_n by_o some_o to_o pursue_v profit_n upon_o so_o sad_a a_o occasion_n as_o it_o be_v also_o by_o the_o 85._o emperor_n either_o constantine_n or_o antoninus_n who_o make_v a_o law_n thereupon_o yea_o and_o though_o beside_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o lateran_n council_n the_o bull_n raptoribus_fw-la coenae_fw-la domini_fw-la do_v blast_n those_o every_o year_n with_o excommunication_n that_o plunder_v the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o suffer_v shipwreck_n in_o 4._o any_o sea_n upon_o any_o pretence_n of_o law_n or_o custom_n whatsoêver_o yet_o the_o custom_n of_o confiscation_n in_o this_o case_n derive_v not_o its_o original_a from_o the_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a age_n but_o it_o flow_v first_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a maritime_a law_n of_o the_o rhodian_o which_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o grecian_n in_o their_o flourish_a condition_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v by_o and_o by_o and_o from_o thence_o be_v receive_v by_o divers_a prince_n also_o when_o the_o emperor_n ambassador_n as_o bodin_n say_v make_v complaint_n before_o henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o france_n that_o two_o ship_n be_v drive_v a_o shore_n be_v seize_v by_o one_o jordanes_n ursinus_n and_o demand_v a_o restitution_n of_o they_o annas_n of_o momorancie_n master_n of_o the_o horse_n make_v answer_n that_o all_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v cast_v upon_o shore_n do_v by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n belong_v to_o such_o prince_n as_o have_v command_v the_o sh_n so_o far_o have_v custom_n take_v place_n in_o this_o particular_a that_o andraeas_n doria_n do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o complain_v about_o those_o ship_n that_o be_v cast_v upon_o the_o french_a shore_n and_o make_v prize_n by_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n so_o far_o he_o in_o like_a manner_n whale_n and_o other_o fish_n of_o extraordinary_a bigness_n do_v not_o according_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o england_n 48._o portugal_n and_o other_o nation_n belong_v to_o he_o that_o first_o seize_v they_o but_o either_o to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o to_o such_o as_o the_o prince_n shall_v grant_v a_o royalty_n of_o that_o nature_n other_o instance_n may_v be_v bring_v sufficient_o to_o show_v that_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n be_v not_o whole_o to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o such_o decree_n or_o determination_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o justinian_n and_o so_o that_o what_o be_v there_o insert_v touch_v a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a diminish_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o so_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v say_v in_o those_o book_n to_o be_v common_a as_o the_o aâ—r_n and_o as_o wild_a beast_n be_v common_a as_o if_o indeed_o the_o neighbour_a aâ—r_n itself_o can_v not_o pass_v into_o private_a dominion_n as_o well_o as_o a_o river_n that_o be_v possels'â—_n and_o wild_a beast_n that_o be_v take_v moreover_o those_o ancient_n do_v ordinary_o conjoin_v a_o community_n of_o shore_n and_o port_n not_o unlike_a to_o that_o which_o they_o teach_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o if_o the_o very_a reason_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o port_n and_o shore_n as_o they_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o here_o to_o the_o prince_n himself_o be_v not_o manifest_o draw_v as_o we_o have_v express_o show_v already_o out_o of_o 14._o celsus_n from_o the_o impost_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v frequent_a enough_o both_o in_o the_o shore_n and_o obiter_fw-la port_n of_o the_o â—oman_n empire_n and_o in_o the_o book_n of_o c._n justinian_n as_o in_o many_o other_o place_n for_o as_o the_o 1._o payment_n of_o that_o tribute_n which_o be_v call_v solarium_fw-la à _fw-la solo_n and_o thence_o by_o the_o greek_a lawyer_n pignore_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o house_n that_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o common-weal_n or_o the_o public_a ground_n be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n that_o the_o common-weal_n or_o the_o prince_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o soil_n so_o indeed_o also_o the_o custom_n pay_v for_o the_o use_n of_o port_n manifest_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o dominion_n over_o them_o also_o port_n themselves_o be_v right_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o part_n even_o of_o the_o continent_n as_o appear_v in_o publicanis_fw-la another_o place_n moreover_o also_o justinian_n appropriate_v the_o hellespont_n to_o himself_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o he_o will_v not_o permit_v merchant_n and_o seaman_n to_o enjoy_v a_o freedom_n of_o that_o sea_n and_o the_o port_n but_o at_o a_o extraordinary_a rate_n if_o we_o may_v believ_n 110._o procopius_n who_o be_v his_o comtemporarie_a and_o write_v his_o affair_n nor_o do_v they_o imagine_v there_o be_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o over_o the_o land_n or_o people_n who_o about_o 400_o year_n since_o put_v this_o inscription_n upon_o the_o 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the_o saufegard_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o intercourse_n of_o merchandise_n safe_o to_o come_v into_o and_o to_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o same_o which_o be_v the_o usual_a form_n of_o word_n that_o be_v to_o say_v these_o word_n be_v part_n of_o the_o preface_n or_o preamble_n which_o be_v usual_o place_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o any_o law_n or_o statute_n whereby_o that_o most_o know_a custom_n or_o impost_n of_o tonnage_n and_o powndage_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v for_o the_o keep_n and_o sure_a defend_n of_o the_o sea_n against_o all_o person_n intend_v or_o that_o shall_v extend_v the_o disturbance_n of_o we_o your_o say_a commons_o in_o the_o intercourse_n and_o the_o invade_v of_o this_o your_o realm_n so_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v so_o account_v the_o arbitrator_n and_o lord_n of_o commerce_n throughout_o these_o sea_n that_o it_o can_v not_o lawful_o be_v hinder_v without_o his_o commission_n which_o true_o be_v a_o manifest_a evidence_n of_o 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touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a sea_n from_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o those_o letter_n patent_n or_o commission_n royal_a whereby_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v put_v in_o authority_n chap._n xvi_o the_o usual_a form_n of_o commission_n whereby_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v invest_v with_o authority_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n run_v thus_o at_o this_o day_n as_o it_o have_v do_v also_o for_o very_a many_o year_n past_a we_o give_v and_o grant_v to_o n._n the_o office_n of_o our_o great_a admiral_n of_o england_n ireland_n wales_n and_o of_o the_o dominion_n and_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o also_o of_o our_o town_n of_o calais_n and_o our_o march_n thereof_o normandy_n gascoigne_n and_o aquitain_n and_o we_o have_v make_v appoint_v and_o ordain_v and_o by_o these_o present_v we_o make_v appoint_v and_o ordain_v he_o the_o say_v n._n our_o admiral_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o wales_n and_o our_o dominion_n and_o isle_n of_o the_o same_o our_o town_n of_o calais_n and_o our_o march_n thereof_o normandy_n gascoign_n and_o aquitain_n as_o also_o general_a governor_n over_o all_o our_o fleet_n and_o sea_n of_o our_o say_a kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n our_o dominion_n and_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o and_o know_v you_o further_o that_o we_o of_o â—uâ—_n especial_a grace_n and_o upon_o certain_a knowledge_n etc._n etc._n do_v give_v and_o grant_v to_o the_o say_v n._n our_o great_a admiral_n of_o england_n and_o governor_n general_a over_o our_o fleet_n and_o sea_n aforesaid_a all_o manner_n of_o jurisdiction_n autority_n liberty_n office_n fee_n profit_n duty_n emolument_n wreck_n of_o the_o sea_n ejectment_n regard_v advantage_n commodity_n preeminence_n and_o privilege_n whatsoëver_o to_o the_o say_a office_n our_o great_a admiral_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n and_o of_o the_o other_o place_n and_o dominion_n aforesaid_a in_o 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by_o and_o by_o but_o as_o the_o name_n of_o guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v take_v from_o the_o sea_n itself_o whereof_o he_o be_v governor_n as_o of_o a_o province_n so_o that_o of_o admiral_n a_o word_n who_o original_a be_v very_o uncertain_a but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 2._o amiralius_n be_v use_v of_o old_a for_o a_o commander_n of_o a_o fleet_n or_o navy_n not_o only_o in_o the_o west_n but_o also_o in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n derive_v its_o name_n of_o dignity_n either_o from_o the_o fleet_n wherewith_o he_o defend_v his_o jurisdiction_n at_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a heretofore_o or_o else_o from_o the_o land_n either_o border_n upon_o that_o jurisdiction_n or_o join_v therewith_o as_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o late_a form_n of_o commission_n whereupon_o from_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o unto_o henry_n the_o four_o about_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n they_o be_v in_o solemn_a manner_n create_v admiral_n of_o the_o fleet_n or_o 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and_o magister_fw-la of_o the_o west_n magister_n throughout_o gallia_n throughout_o the_o east_n and_o throughout_o thrace_n so_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o navy_n whereby_o the_o sea_n be_v guard_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o land_n be_v possess_v by_o land-force_n do_v no_o less_o set_v forth_o the_o command_n and_o dominion_n and_o civil_a possession_n of_o those_o that_o have_v authority_n over_o the_o sea_n who_o before_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n then_o if_o they_o have_v be_v style_v guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n commander_n or_o admiral_n in_o their_o commission_n and_o such_o as_o be_v so_o constitute_v admiral_n of_o both_o coast_n or_o of_o the_o whole_a english_a navy_n be_v sometime_o by_o a_o general_a name_n revocationâ—_n call_v admiral_n of_o england_n over_o the_o sea_n before_o that_o form_n of_o word_n be_v put_v into_o the_o royal_a commission_n and_o of_o this_o sort_n of_o admiral_n you_o have_v a_o 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howard_n of_o effingham_n son_n of_o thomas_n duke_n of_o norfolk_n make_v admiral_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o queen_n marie_n or_o anno_fw-la dom._n mdliii_o and_o the_o command_n or_o government_n of_o those_o sea_n as_o the_o principal_a charge_n of_o that_o office_n or_o dignity_n be_v more_o notable_o express_v there_o as_o you_o may_v see_v than_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o very_a same_o form_n be_v keep_v always_o as_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o high_a admiralship_n grant_v to_o edward_n baron_fw-fr clinton_n afterward_o earl_n of_o lincoln_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o 10._o philip_n and_o marie_n also_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o charles_n baron_n of_o effingham_n afterward_o earl_n of_o nottingham_n in_o the_o time_n of_o q._n julii_n elizabeth_n and_o of_o charles_n duke_n of_o york_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n 27._o james_n beside_o george_n duke_n of_o buckingham_n who_o enjoy_v the_o same_o office_n 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island_n of_o the_o same_o that_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n mer_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr d'_fw-fr ireland_n &_o gale_n or_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o wales_n after_o which_o manner_n the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n be_v sometime_o also_o describe_v in_o 11._o our_o law_n which_o be_v call_v likewise_o now_o and_o then_o by_o 6._o our_o lawyer_n les_fw-fr quatre_fw-fr miers_n d'engleterre_fw-fr or_o the_o four_o sea_n of_o england_n divide_v according_a to_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n so_o that_o in_o the_o most_o receive_a form_n of_o this_o commission_n after_o the_o begin_n of_o queen_n mary_n reign_n out_o of_o which_o also_o the_o sens_fw-fr and_o mean_v of_o former_a commission_n be_v to_o be_v collect_v we_o have_v a_o continual_a possession_n or_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n point_v out_o in_o express_a word_n for_o very_a many_o year_n and_o what_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v by_o way_n of_o collection_n out_o of_o these_o that_o follow_v the_o beginning_n of_o marry_o touch_v the_o since_o or_o mean_v of_o former_a commission_n wherein_o a_o positive_a command_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o express_v be_v true_o to_o omit_v the_o thing_n itself_o which_o sufficient_o intimate_n as_o much_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n not_o a_o little_a confirm_v upon_o this_o ground_n that_o he_o also_o who_o before_o any_o express_a mention_n of_o our_o sea_n take_v place_n in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o high_a admiralship_n be_v next_o prefer_v to_o the_o same_o dignity_n be_v immediate_o after_o his_o creâtion_n according_a to_o the_o whole_a title_n of_o his_o office_n as_o be_v the_o same_o title_n which_o indeed_o always_o belong_v to_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n style_v great_a admiral_n of_o 30._o england_n and_z governor_z general_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o our_o sea_n so_o very_o thomas_n baron_n seymour_n who_o i_o mention_v before_o be_v style_v admiral_n of_o england_n in_o the_o patent_n roll_v grant_v to_o he_o by_o edward_n the_o sixth_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o word_n plain_a enough_o in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o the_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n from_o ancient_a to_o the_o present_a time_n that_o the_o sea_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n he_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n be_v ever_o bound_v towards_o the_o south_n by_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n normandy_n and_o picardy_n chap._n xvii_o but_o in_o the_o form_n already_o show_v which_o have_v continue_v in_o use_n for_o so_o many_o year_n you_o see_v mention_n be_v make_v only_o of_o the_o sea_n of_o our_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n our_o dominion_n and_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o as_o the_o province_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n the_o admiral_n be_v appoint_v that_o be_v as_o we_o have_v tell_v you_o the_o english_a irish_a and_o welsh_a sea_n all_o which_o be_v contain_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o british_a as_o it_o have_v be_v obseruéd_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n yet_o the_o name_n of_o normandy_n gascoign_n and_o aquitain_n beside_o calais_n be_v add_v which_o be_v province_n seat_v upon_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v they_o in_o this_o place_n they_o be_v either_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v always_o hold_v in_o subjection_n by_o the_o english_a from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o mention_n of_o they_o in_o the_o commission_n or_o as_o they_o have_v already_o for_o some_o age_n pass_v be_v out_o of_o their_o jurisdiction_n but_o suppose_v in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o they_o have_v always_o remain_v in_o the_o jurisdiction_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o english_a questionless_a
howsoêver_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n may_v then_o according_a to_o this_o form_n of_o commission_n have_v have_v court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o those_o province_n as_o there_o be_v no_o place_n almost_o without_o court_n of_o admiralty_n even_o where_o not_o any_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n at_o all_o be_v pretend_v to_o belong_v unto_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o be_v hold_v yet_o by_o no_o mean_n may_v he_o thence_o be_v call_v commander_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o if_o so_o be_v you_o except_v the_o port_n and_o such_o like_a creek_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v incorporate_v within_o land_n either_o as_o it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o belong_v to_o normandy_n or_o to_o aquitain_n gascoign_n or_o picardy_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o form_n of_o commission_n he_o have_v exercise_v maritime_a jurisdiction_n in_o those_o province_n beyond_o sea_n no_o otherwise_o almost_o than_o our_o admiral_n in_o england_n and_o ireland_n or_o other_o the_o like_a do_v at_o this_o day_n over_o man_n person_n &_o good_n upon_o the_o african_a mediterranean_a indian_a or_o any_o other_o sea_n at_o a_o remote_a distance_n for_o the_o extent_n of_o such_o a_o jurisdiction_n by_o sea_n be_v without_o bound_n but_o the_o extent_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n or_o of_o the_o sea_n over_o which_o he_o be_v place_v admiral_n as_o warden_n guardian_n or_o precedent_n to_o defend_v and_o keep_v it_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o he_o who_o be_v lord_n thereof_o be_v bound_v and_o it_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o express_a word_n of_o the_o ancient_a form_n of_o commission_n that_o no_o sea_n be_v contain_v therein_o as_o a_o province_n to_o be_v defend_v but_o that_o which_o be_v either_o english_a welsh_a or_o irish_a or_o relate_n to_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n as_o a_o appendant_a from_o whence_o it_o follow_v we_o that_o those_o name_n of_o the_o opposite_a shore_n in_o the_o commission_n do_v not_o at_o all_o mention_n the_o sea_n flow_v between_o as_o 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sea_n belong_v to_o the_o english_a empire_n have_v in_o the_o king_n commission_n the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n gascoign_n aquitain_n and_o picardy_n to_o set_v forth_o only_o the_o beyond-sea_n limit_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n or_o command_n so_o far_o as_o he_o have_v charge_n of_o defend_v the_o sea-province_n or_o dominion_n belong_v to_o england_n in_o those_o shore_n which_o lie_v over_o against_o we_o for_o if_o any_o say_v that_o the_o case_n be_v otherwise_o wherefore_o then_o be_v not_o the_o sea_n over_o which_o he_o have_v command_v denominate_v from_o some_o of_o these_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o english_a irish_a and_o welsh_a or_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o wales_n and_o of_o the_o dominion_n and_o isle_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o no_o other_o sea_n as_o it_o fall_v under_o a_o civil_a consideration_n for_o we_o speak_v not_o here_o of_o the_o denomination_n give_v by_o geographer_n do_v flow_v between_o the_o territory_n on_o this_o and_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v mention_v in_o his_o commission_n therefore_o as_o in_o that_o roman_a dignity_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n the_o shore_n be_v the_o transmarine_a bind_v or_o limit_v of_o that_o dignity_n so_o also_o in_o the_o command_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n so_o far_o only_o as_o he_o have_v a_o province_n or_o jurisdiction_n by_o sea_n as_o a_o governor_n of_o a_o territory_n those_o opposite_a shore_n or_o transmarine_a province_n name_v in_o his_o commission_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o sea_n under_o his_o charge_n or_o protection_n and_o this_o true_o be_v sufficient_o apparent_a from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o commission_n already_o handle_v if_o so_o be_v we_o suppose_v as_o hitherto_o we_o have_v do_v for_o discourse_n sake_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v all_o the_o while_n that_o form_n of_o commission_n be_v in_o use_n retain_v those_o beyond_o sea_n province_n under_o their_o dominion_n as_o the_o roman_n have_v do_v of_o old_a but_o the_o matter_n be_v make_v more_o evident_a if_o we_o observe_v how_o the_o name_n of_o those_o province_n have_v at_o least_o from_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n marie_n be_v so_o keep_v in_o the_o form_n of_o this_o commission_n that_o since_o her_o reign_n there_o remain_n not_o the_o least_o ground_n for_o any_o of_o those_o in_o the_o commission_n to_o signify_v any_o other_o thing_n than_o what_o we_o have_v already_o declare_v for_o in_o her_o reign_n calais_n be_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o french_a and_o since_o that_o time_n the_o english_a have_v not_o be_v possess_v of_o any_o province_n upon_o any_o part_n of_o the_o opposite_a shore_n moreover_o also_o in_o the_o one_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o sixth_o or_o anno_fw-la dom._n mccccliii_n the_o english_a be_v drive_v out_o of_o gascoign_n aquitain_n and_o the_o other_o province_n of_o france_n by_o the_o french_a king_n charles_n the_o seven_o nor_o be_v there_o after_o the_o time_n of_o this_o henry_n any_o officer_n or_o governor_n of_o note_n appoint_v or_o that_o can_v convenient_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o english_a either_o in_o normandy_n or_o in_o aquitain_n itself_o yea_o nor_o in_o normandy_n either_o after_o or_o long_o before_o the_o loss_n of_o aquitain_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o the_o county_n of_o guise_n calais_n and_o some_o other_o town_n in_o picardy_n beside_o those_o neighbour_a one_o that_o henry_n the_o eight_o gain_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n in_o the_o same_o country_n remain_v long_o after_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n yea_o and_o that_o a_o small_a part_n of_o rotulorum_fw-la aquitain_n yield_v obedience_n though_o not_o constant_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o some_o year_n after_o henry_n the_o sixth_o but_o not_o the_o whole_a duchy_n nor_o do_v it_o 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be_v show_v there_o also_o the_o name_n of_o normandy_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o whereas_o notwithstanding_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o possess_v of_o normandy_n a_o long_a time_n before_o nor_o in_o any_o wise_a after_o nor_o do_v he_o in_o that_o agreement_n 8._o make_v a_o little_a before_o with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n claim_v any_o other_o possession_n in_o picardy_n beside_o that_o of_o calais_n and_o the_o territory_n of_o guise_n and_o ham_n and_o so_o it_o have_v continue_v now_o for_o one_o hundred_o twenty_o two_o year_n also_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o maritime_a government_n or_o high_a admiralship_n of_o england_n without_o any_o relation_n at_o all_o have_v to_o the_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o duchy_n itself_o but_o only_o of_o the_o shore_n which_o bound_v the_o sea_n under_o his_o master_n protection_n upon_o
oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n chap._n xviii_o that_o there_o be_v admiral_n also_o constitute_v by_o the_o french_a king_n upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n of_o france_n be_v know_v to_o every_o man_n and_o as_o there_o be_v a_o admiral_n appoint_v in_o gallia_n narbonensis_n to_o oversee_v maritime_a affair_n there_o so_o also_o on_o the_o opposite_a shore_n there_o be_v distinct_a office_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o aquitain_n bretaign_n and_o normandy_n and_o the_o adjoin_a coast_n but_o the_o french_a lawyer_n of_o late_a be_v wont_a to_o call_v their_o admiral_n in_o latin_a praefectus_fw-la maris_fw-la governor_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o if_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o he_o also_o as_o a_o governor_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v right_o consider_v that_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o what_o name_n soëver_o it_o be_v call_v do_v not_o signify_v as_o among_o the_o english_a any_o dominion_n of_o one_o have_v command_n in_o any_o near_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o we_o speak_v not_o of_o the_o sea_n of_o marseille_n which_o have_v no_o relation_n hereunto_o but_o only_o of_o their_o naval_a force_n in_o any_o sea_n whatsoëver_o together_o with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o seaman_n and_o jurisdiction_n over_o their_o person_n and_o moveable_n which_o may_v fall_v under_o the_o determination_n of_o a_o judge_n pour_fw-fr raison_fw-fr ou_fw-fr occasion_n as_o they_o 2._o say_v the_o faict_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr that_o be_v by_o reason_n or_o upon_o occasion_n of_o any_o suit_n or_o controversy_n arise_v about_o sea-affair_n for_o the_o more_o plain_a understanding_n whereof_o we_o must_v make_v far_a enquiry_n in_o the_o more_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v indeed_o admiral_n or_o governor_n of_o sea_n affair_n among_o the_o french_a yet_o so_o that_o their_o writer_n do_v not_o a_o little_a differ_v about_o the_o original_n of_o the_o dignity_n they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n say_v that_o rotlandus_n be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v governor_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o aremorica_n or_o alii_fw-la bretaign_v under_o charlemaign_n who_o they_o fetch_v out_o of_o eginhartus_n who_o write_v the_o life_n of_o charles_n at_o that_o time_n but_o in_o eginhartus_fw-la he_o be_v express_o call_v governor_n not_o of_o the_o british_a sea_n but_o only_o of_o the_o shore_n of_o britaign_n as_o we_o tell_v you_o in_o the_o 18._o former_a book_n in_o which_o name_n there_o be_v a_o description_n not_o of_o one_o that_o govern_n the_o sea_n as_o a_o province_n but_o who_o command_n be_v the_o shore_n as_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o dignity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o those_o count_n or_o officer_n be_v who_o be_v 4._o depute_v in_o that_o age_n to_o guard_v the_o sea_n coast_n and_o secure_v it_o from_o the_o incursion_n of_o enemy_n by_o sea_n there_o be_v also_o a_o 22._o nameless_a author_n of_o a_o chronicle_n belong_v to_o a_o monastery_n call_v monasterium_fw-la besuense_a who_o write_v that_o this_o guard_n of_o the_o shore_n under_o the_o caroline_n king_n be_v give_v over_o a_o little_a after_o the_o time_n of_o charlemaign_n but_o in_o the_o follow_a age_n the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v divide_v as_o it_o whereby_o piece-meal_n into_o several_a principalite_n that_o which_o a_o long_o retain_v this_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v reduce_v into_o so_o narrow_a a_o compass_n that_o the_o province_n of_o narbon_n be_v hold_v by_o sovereign_a earl_n of_o its_o own_o aquitain_n or_o the_o western_a shore_n which_o lie_v more_o southerly_a with_o normandy_n by_o the_o english_a bretaign_a either_o by_o king_n or_o duke_n of_o the_o same_o and_o flanders_n by_o earl_n so_o that_o whilst_o the_o whole_a sea-coast_n except_o picardy_n remain_v separate_v from_o that_o kingdom_n there_o be_v sea_n little_a enough_o lie_v before_o it_o yea_o and_o the_o naval_a force_n be_v small_a enough_o of_o which_o before_o the_o accession_n of_o a_o large_a sea-coast_n to_o the_o french_a kingdom_n there_o be_v most_o use_v in_o the_o expedition_n of_o the_o holy_a war._n nor_o be_v any_o other_o governor_n wont_a to_o be_v appoint_v there_o by_o the_o name_n of_o admiral_n than_o he_o who_o as_o occasion_v require_v be_v put_v in_o command_n over_o the_o navy_n and_o military_a affair_n by_o sea_n yea_o and_o be_v borrow_v from_o some_o nation_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o genoeses_n or_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n but_o the_o king_n themselves_o have_v at_o that_o time_n no_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v express_o write_v by_o johannes_n tilius_fw-la a_o clerk_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n his_o word_n be_v these_o 90._o after_o that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v lessen_v by_o division_n and_o the_o king_n confine_v to_o more_o narrow_a dominion_n because_o they_o have_v potent_a vassal_n who_o enjoy_v feud_n with_o absolute_a sovereignty_n if_o you_o except_o their_o homage_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n hold_v the_o dutchy_n of_o normandy_n and_o aquitain_n britain_n have_v a_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o and_o slander_n tholouse_n and_o provence_n have_v their_o earl_n the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o a_o long_a time_n have_v no_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o have_v no_o need_n of_o admiral_n until_o they_o undertake_v the_o expedition_n for_o the_o holy_a land_n at_o which_o time_n they_o make_v use_v of_o genoeses_n who_o they_o hire_v with_o spaniard_n or_o other_o of_o their_o neighbour_n that_o be_v well_o skilled_a in_o sea-affair_n to_o under-take_a the_o care_n of_o transportation_n have_v no_o office_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o have_v many_o admiral_n in_o one_o single_a expedition_n but_o after_o that_o the_o english_a have_v quit_v normandy_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n have_v get_v ground_n upon_o the_o sea-coast_n the_o use_n of_o sea-affair_n also_o be_v somewhat_o augment_v that_o be_v to_o say_v about_o the_o time_n of_o john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n so_o that_o the_o first_o admiral_n that_o they_o reckon_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o french_a dignity_n of_o who_o any_o memory_n be_v leave_v to_o posterity_n be_v enguerandus_fw-la coucaeus_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o bold_a king_n of_o france_n or_o about_o the_o year_n 1280_o as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o joannes_n feronius_n and_o what_o kind_n of_o dignity_n his_o be_v appear_v sufficient_o thence_o that_o his_o next_o successor_n matthew_n momorancie_n and_o john_n harcourt_n be_v only_o upon_o a_o particular_a occasion_n put_v in_o command_n over_o the_o sea-force_n by_o philip_n the_o fair_a as_o we_o 183._o understand_v by_o their_o commission_n yea_o and_o they_o be_v mention_v by_o william_n de_fw-fr nangis_n by_o the_o title_n of_o admiral_n as_o other_o also_o be_v by_o hollandiae_fw-la joannes_n de_fw-fr beka_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o fair_a although_o 14._o joannes_n tilius_fw-la reckon's_n amaurius_n viscount_n of_o narbonne_n to_o be_v the_o first_o that_o bear_v the_o dignity_n of_o admiral_n in_o france_n as_o a_o constant_a settle_a office_n over_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o time_n of_o john_n and_o charles_n the_o five_o king_n of_o france_n that_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 1300_o while_o france_n other_o be_v too_o busy_a in_o sum_v up_o divers_a other_o particular_n touch_v the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o command_n among_o the_o french_a afterward_o aquitain_n be_v add_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o the_o year_n 1453._o henry_n the_o sixth_o of_o england_n be_v drive_v out_o but_o in_o the_o year_n 1481._o the_o province_n of_o narbonne_n in_o the_o year_n 1491._o the_o duchy_n of_o bretaign_n and_o last_o in_o the_o space_n of_o some_o year_n all_o that_o the_o english_a hold_v in_o picardy_n be_v add_v also_o so_o all_o the_o 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officer_n that_o be_v call_v precedent_n or_o 16._o master_n of_o the_o water_n and_o forest_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o public_a water_n which_o be_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o over_o which_o the_o king_n have_v dominion_n do_v belong_v to_o another_o dignity_n not_o at_o all_o to_o the_o admiral_n who_o according_a to_o the_o general_a nature_n of_o his_o office_n be_v not_o appoint_v to_o take_v charge_n of_o any_o province_n there_o much_o less_o of_o the_o river_n as_o in_o england_n the_o principal_a intent_n therefore_o of_o this_o office_n or_o dignity_n be_v only_o to_o command_v the_o fleet_n by_o sea_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o some_o year_n since_o henry_n of_o momorancie_n admiral_n of_o france_n have_v set_v up_o a_o statue_n on_o horse_n back_o at_o chantillie_o in_o honour_n of_o his_o father_n henry_n duke_n of_o momorancie_n 1612._o call_v himself_o in_o latin_a only_a navalis_fw-la militiae_fw-la magistrum_fw-la master_n of_o the_o militia_n by_o sea_n instead_o of_o admiral_n so_o that_o never_o any_o admiral_n constitute_v by_o the_o french_a king_n either_o of_o france_n or_o britain_n or_o aquitain_n have_v any_o authority_n in_o the_o sea_n itself_o whereby_o he_o may_v challenge_v a_o dominion_n to_o himself_o as_o governor_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a which_o may_v be_v say_v in_o like_a manner_n of_o all_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o belgic_a and_o the_o neighbour_a shore_n on_o this_o side_n and_o of_o the_o cantabrian_a or_o spanish_a shore_n on_o the_o other_o side_n for_o the_o authority_n of_o they_o all_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v this_o particular_a have_v be_v and_o be_v alike_o we_o know_v indeed_o that_o this_o dignity_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v style_v admiral_n of_o france_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o royal_a navy_n as_o the_o same_o dignity_n among_o the_o english_a be_v usual_o call_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n admiral_n of_o england_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o royal_a navy_n in_o etc._n 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england_n and_o so_o on_o the_o whole_a shore_n which_o lie_v over_o against_o germany_n france_n and_o that_o part_n of_o spain_n call_v biscay_n and_o this_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o heptarchy_n which_o be_v mention_v by_o writer_n for_o there_o be_v always_o some_o one_o person_n who_o have_v most_o power_n therein_o and_o to_o who_o the_o rest_n yield_v obedience_n as_o we_o be_v tell_v by_o 97._o beda_n and_o touch_v that_o particular_a there_o be_v a_o notable_a testimony_n in_o alcuinus_fw-la where_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n that_o be_v indeed_o of_o the_o most_o large_a and_o in_o a_o manner_n the_o most_o midland_n part_v of_o the_o heptarchy_n and_o charles_n surname_v the_o great_a king_n of_o france_n navigation_n be_v so_o 1669_o prohibit_v on_o both_o side_n that_o trade_n be_v whole_o obstruct_v which_o true_o can_v be_v conceive_v unless_o these_o large_a territory_n near_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v 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sea_n lie_v before_o it_o as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o island_n especial_o see_v they_o not_o only_o have_v so_o long_o and_o large_a a_o command_n likewise_o on_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o but_o also_o there_o be_v not_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n that_o can_v in_o any_o wise_a hinder_v it_o except_o such_o as_o possess_v some_o petty_a country_n border_v on_o the_o sea_n which_o true_o may_v be_v so_o call_v be_v compare_v to_o the_o spacious_a shore_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n and_o those_o also_o that_o be_v under_o distinct_a jurisdiction_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o this_o be_v see_v that_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o our_o great_a grand-father_n day_n there_o be_v only_o a_o very_a small_a shore_n contain_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o french_a kingdom_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o maritime_a province_n by_o the_o addition_n whereof_o that_o kingdom_n as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v be_v afterward_o enlarge_v do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v any_o right_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n upon_o the_o interest_n of_o those_o province_n and_o see_v no_o testimony_n can_v be_v have_v in_o the_o monument_n of_o ancient_a writer_n concern_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o dominion_n but_o that_o very_o many_o be_v find_v touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o have_v continual_o possess_v the_o whole_a english_a shore_n in_o its_o full_a latitude_n under_o one_o entire_a empire_n for_o above_o a_o thousand_o year_n and_o concern_v the_o perpetual_a enjoiment_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o kingdom_n therefore_o it_o follow_v we_o that_o their_o right_n be_v very_o manifest_a in_o this_o particular_a and_o so_o that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v a_o province_n under_o the_o tuition_n or_o protection_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n as_o part_v of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o shore_n lie_v over_o against_o we_o be_v not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v call_v governor_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o such_o a_o sens_fw-fr as_o may_v signify_v any_o dominion_n of_o a_o commander_n in_o chief_a in_o the_o sea_n itself_o out_o of_o the_o port_n or_o other_o in-lets_a of_o that_o kind_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o it_o be_v that_o some_o age_n since_o very_o many_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n understand_v well_o enough_o the_o right_n of_o england_n make_v their_o complaint_n in_o express_a term_n against_o reyner_n grimbald_n admiral_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n because_o that_o l'_fw-fr office_n del_fw-it admiralté_fw-fr en_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr per_fw-la commission_n de_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n tourcenousment_n emprist_n &_o usa_fw-la un_fw-fr a_fw-fr &_o plux_n etc._n etc._n that_o be_v because_o he_o have_v arrogate_a to_o himself_o and_o for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n exercise_v the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o commission_n in_o the_o english_a sea_n the_o old_a record_n from_o whence_o this_o be_v take_v be_v set_v down_o entire_a by_o and_o by_o where_o you_o have_v more_o also_o that_o make_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o so_o much_o may_v serve_v to_o be_v speak_v touch_v the_o guard_n or_o government_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o king_n territory_n or_o province_n and_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n that_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o those_o island_n lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o they_o be_v situate_a be_v derive_v from_o their_o predecessor_n chap._n xix_o that_o a_o possession_n and_o dominion_n of_o this_o southern_a sea_n have_v be_v hold_v also_o of_o old_a by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o a_o little_a manifest_a by_o the_o dominion_n of_o
cognisance_n of_o thing_n do_v contrary_a to_o this_o truce_n and_o pass_v their_o judgement_n according_a to_o the_o dorso_n la_o or_o custom_n of_o merchant_n and_o the_o form_n of_o sufferance_n after_o a_o revolution_n of_o some_o year_n wherein_o this_o kind_n of_o truce_n take_v place_n and_o sometime_o not_o a_o league_n be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mccciii_o which_o be_v the_o one_o and_o thirty_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o the_o first_o article_n of_o that_o league_n be_v 2._o that_o those_o king_n shall_v not_o only_o be_v at_o amity_n with_o each_o other_o but_o also_o that_o they_o shall_v defend_v one_o another_o in_o all_o manner_n of_o right_n against_o any_o other_o whomsoêver_o except_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n his_o son_n in_o law_n john_n duke_n of_o brabant_n but_o on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n albertus_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n and_z john_n earl_n of_o henault_n but_o the_o three_o article_n thereof_o for_o the_o first_o and_o three_o be_v of_o singular_a use_n in_o that_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o and_o by_o be_v this_o item_n il_fw-fr est_fw-fr accord_n qe_fw-fr l'un_fw-fr ne_fw-fr receptera_fw-fr ne_fw-fr sustendra_fw-fr ne_fw-fr confortera_fw-mi ne_fw-fr fera_fw-fr comfort_n ne_o aid_n as_o enemy_n de_fw-fr l'_fw-fr autre_fw-fr ne_fw-fr soffera_fw-mi qu'_fw-fr ils_fw-fr eient_fw-fr comfort_n souccor_n ne_o aid_n soit_fw-fr de_fw-fr gent_n d'_fw-fr arm_n ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr victual_n ou_fw-fr d'_fw-fr autres_fw-fr choses_fw-fr queles_a q'_fw-fr eye_n soient_fw-fr de_fw-fr ses_fw-fr terres_fw-la ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr son_fw-fr poiar_n mais_fw-fr adiondera_fw-la sur_fw-fr peine_fw-fr de_fw-fr forfeiture_n de_fw-fr corpse_n &_o d'_fw-fr avoir_fw-fr &_o empeschera_fw-la à _fw-la tot_fw-la son_n poair_a loiaument_n en_fw-fr bon_fw-fr foi_fw-fr qe_fw-fr les_fw-fr dit_n enemy_n ne_fw-fr soient_fw-fr resceipt_n ne_fw-fr conforte_n es_fw-la terres_fw-la de_fw-fr sa_fw-fr seignurie_n ne_fw-fr de_fw-fr son_fw-fr poiar_n ne_fw-fr q'ils_fw-fr en_fw-fr aient_fw-fr comfort_n soccour_v ne_o aid_n soit_fw-fr gent_n d'_fw-fr arm_n des_fw-fr chevaux_fw-fr d'_fw-fr armeures_fw-fr de_fw-fr vitail_n ou_fw-fr d'_fw-fr autres_fw-fr choses_fw-fr queles_a q'_fw-fr eye_n soient_fw-fr which_o be_v in_o english_a to_o this_o effect_n that_o according_a to_o this_o contract_n of_o amity_n they_o be_v neither_o of_o they_o in_o any_o wise_a to_o cherish_v the_o enemy_n of_o the_o other_o nor_o suffer_v any_o kind_n of_o aid_n or_o relief_n to_o be_v afford_v they_o in_o their_o territory_n the_o war_n be_v thus_o at_o a_o end_n because_o there_o arise_v very_o many_o complaint_n concern_v injury_n do_v up_o and_o down_o as_o well_o in_o the_o more_o open_a as_o in_o our_o own_o sea_n during_o the_o special_a truce_n afore_o mention_v but_o also_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n may_v arise_v perhaps_o after_o the_o league_n be_v make_v especial_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n at_o that_o time_n betwixt_o the_o french_a king_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n therefore_o commissioner_n be_v appoint_v by_o both_o prince_n to_o hear_v and_o decide_v they_o and_o those_o at_o that_o time_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v robert_n junii_fw-la de_fw-fr burghershe_n constable_n of_o dover_n castle_n and_z john_n the_o banquell_n steward_n of_o pontoise_n baraldus_n de_fw-fr sescas_n and_o arnaldus_n ayquein_o knight_n on_o the_o french_a king_n behalf_n be_v appoint_v the_o lord_n saquil_o mittonius_n blanvillius_n bertrandus_fw-la jordanus_n and_o gulielmus_fw-la ralastansius_n knight_n also_o to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v take_v cognisance_n so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n of_o england_n commission_n des_fw-fr enterprise_n mesprise_n &_o forfaites_n en_fw-fr treve_n ou_fw-fr en_fw-fr sufferance_n entre_fw-fr nos_fw-la &_o le_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n d'_fw-fr un_fw-fr part_n &_o d'_fw-fr autre_fw-fr es_fw-mi costeres_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr &_o autres_fw-fr per_fw-la deceâ—_fw-la &_o ausint_fw-la per_fw-la dever_v normandy_n &_o autres_fw-fr costeres_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr per_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr that_o be_v of_o encroachment_n injury_n and_o offence_n commit_v on_o either_o side_n in_o time_n either_o of_o the_o league_n or_o sufferance_n or_o of_o the_o truce_n agree_v on_o between_o we_o and_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n for_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n only_o either_o upon_o the_o seacoast_n of_o england_n or_o any_o other_o neighbour_a coast_n of_o the_o sea_n either_o towards_o normandy_n or_o other_o more_o remote_a but_o the_o aforesaid_a party_n be_v authorize_v by_o two_o commission_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o the_o one_o commission_n contain_v four_o and_o the_o other_o also_o four_o a_o equal_a number_n be_v appoint_v by_o both_o the_o king_n they_o both_o bear_v date_n the_o last_o day_n of_o june_n mccciii_o to_o these_o commissioner_n or_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n the_o libel_n be_v joint_o exhibit_v by_o procurator_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o prelate_n and_o peer_n of_o england_n also_o of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n yea_o and_o of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n throughout_o england_n and_o last_o of_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n and_o other_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o how_o this_o can_v be_v do_v otherwise_o than_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v with_o these_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v join_v the_o procurator_n of_o most_o nation_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n throughout_o europe_n as_o the_o genoëse_n catalonian_o spaniard_n almain_n zelander_n hollander_n friâ—slanders_n dane_n and_o norwegian_n beside_o other_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n german_n empire_n all_o these_o together_o institute_v a_o action_n or_o complaint_n against_o reyner_n grimbald_n who_o be_v governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n have_v during_o the_o war_n between_o king_n philip_n of_o france_n and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n intercept_v and_o spoil_v merchant_n of_o their_o good_n in_o this_o sea_n that_o be_v bind_v for_o flanders_n and_o all_o these_o complainants_n joint_o say_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n without_o controversy_n enjoy_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o same_o by_o right_a of_o their_o realm_n of_o england_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o prescribe_v law_n statute_n and_o prohibition_n of_o arm_n and_o of_o ship_n otherwise_o furnish_v than_o with_o such_o necessary_n as_o belong_v to_o merchant_n and_o by_o demand_v surety_n and_o afford_v protection_n in_o all_o place_n where_o need_n shall_v require_v and_o order_v all_o other_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o peace_n right_o and_o equity_n between_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n pass_v through_o that_o sea_n as_o well_o stranger_n as_o other_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n also_o that_o they_o have_v have_v and_o have_v the_o sovereign_a guard_n thereof_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o conisance_n and_o jurisdiction_n in_o do_v right_o and_o justice_n according_a to_o the_o say_a law_n statute_n ordinance_n and_o prohibition_n and_o in_o all_o other_o matter_n which_o may_v concern_v the_o exercise_n of_o sovereign_a dominion_n in_o the_o say_a place_n to_o wit_n such_o matter_n as_o concern_v the_o office_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n then_o add_v the_o first_o article_n aforementioned_a of_o the_o league_n make_v but_o a_o little_a before_o whereby_o both_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o defend_v one_o another_o right_a they_o proceed_v in_o their_o accusation_n against_o grimbald_n say_v that_o he_o be_v only_a master_n of_o the_o navy_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n but_o call_v himself_o admiral_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o pretend'_v that_o he_o be_v authorize_v under_o that_o title_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n upon_o occasion_n of_o his_o make_a war_n against_o the_o fleming_n and_o that_o after_o the_o make_n of_o the_o say_a league_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o intent_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o same_o he_o have_v for_o above_o a_o year_n time_n unjust_o assume_v aâ—d_v usurp_v the_o office_n of_o admiral_n in_o the_o say_a sea_n by_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o commission_n take_v the_o people_n and_o merchant_n of_o england_n and_o other_o nation_n pass_v through_o that_o sea_n imprison_v and_o spoil_v they_o of_o their_o good_n and_o deliver_v they_o up_o to_o the_o king_n officer_n as_o good_n forfeit_v and_o confiscate_v and_o whereas_o he_o have_v in_o a_o very_a insolent_a manner_n justify_v these_o action_n of_o he_o in_o writing_n as_o don_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n his_o master_n commission_n as_o also_o according_a to_o
that_o libel_n by_o so_o many_o nation_n moreover_o true_o it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n that_o about_o the_o very_a same_o time_n to_o wit_n a_o little_a before_o the_o make_n of_o the_o league_n the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v homage_n to_o the_o french_a king_n for_o the_o duchy_n of_o 40b._o aquitain_n the_o earldom_n of_o pontois_n and_o other_o province_n that_o he_o hold_v in_o france_n that_o he_o be_v also_o whole_o deprive_v of_o they_o some_o time_n before_o by_o decree_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o alii_fw-la paris_n yea_o and_o that_o about_o one_o hundred_o year_n before_o king_n john_n be_v out_v of_o normandy_n and_o yet_o afterward_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n now_o and_o then_o regain_v a_o possession_n of_o it_o and_o that_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o league_n and_o of_o the_o publication_n of_o this_o libel_n which_o serve_v all_o to_o this_o end_n that_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o aforesaid_a famous_a controversy_n arise_v about_o the_o use_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o france_n and_o britain_n and_o the_o absolute_a dominion_n thereof_o be_v asscribe_v by_o so_o many_o nation_n upon_o a_o title_n derive_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o predecessor_n yet_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n no_o title_n at_o all_o be_v pretend_v in_o right_a to_o their_o possession_n either_o of_o normandy_n or_o aquitain_n whereupon_o a_o dominion_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v in_o any_o sort_n be_v ground_v but_o claim_v upon_o the_o sole_a right_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n and_o it_o appear_v evident_a by_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o the_o thing_n complain_v of_o by_o those_o nation_n in_o the_o libel_n be_v do_v by_o that_o governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n chief_o in_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n and_o flanders_n which_o be_v in_o hostility_n with_o each_o other_o and_o so_o certain_o they_o all_o unanimous_o affirm_v that_o 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there_o be_v no_o memorial_n to_o the_o contrary_a have_v be_v in_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o sovereign_a lordship_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o isle_n within_o the_o same_o with_o power_n of_o make_v and_o establish_v law_n statute_n and_o prohibitions_n of_o people_n as_o well_o of_o other_o dominâ—â—ns_n as_o their_o 〈◊〉_d pass_v through_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o saveraign_a guard_n thereof_o and_o also_o 〈…〉_o all_o manner_n of_o cognisance_n in_o cause_n and_o of_o do_v right_o aâ—d_v justice_n to_o high_a and_o low_a according_a to_o the_o say_a law_n statute_n ordinance_n and_o prohibition_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v appertein_a to_o the_o exercise_n of_o sovereign_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o place_n aforesaid_a and_o whereas_o a._n de_fw-fr b._n depute_a admiral_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o all_o other_o admiral_n appoint_v by_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o ancestor_n 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a_o prohibition_n or_o restraint_n general_o make_v and_o proclaim_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o right_a of_o his_o dominion_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o league_n aforesaid_a which_o contain_n the_o word_n above-written_a require_v that_o he_o may_v thereupon_o be_v acquit_v and_o discharge_v of_o the_o same_o to_o the_o great_a damage_n and_o prejudice_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o prelate_n &_o noble_n &_o other_o abovementioned_a wherefore_o the_o say_a procurator_n in_o the_o name_n of_o their_o say_a lord_n do_v pray_v your_o lordship_n auditor_n that_o you_o will_v cause_v due_a and_o speedy_a deliverance_n of_o the_o say_a people_n with_o their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n so_o take_v and_o detain_v to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n to_o who_o the_o cognisance_n of_o the_o same_o of_o right_n appertain_v as_o be_v before_o express_v so_o that_o without_o disturbance_n from_o you_o or_o any_o other_o he_o may_v take_v cognisance_n thereof_o and_o do_v what_o belong_v to_o his_o office_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o say_v mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n be_v condemn_v and_o constrain_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n for_o all_o the_o say_a damage_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a and_o in_o his_o default_n his_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n of_o france_n by_o who_o he_o be_v depute_v to_o the_o say_a office_n and_o that_o after_o satisfaction_n give_v for_o the_o say_a damage_n the_o say_v mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n may_v be_v so_o due_o punish_v for_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o say_a league_n that_o his_o punishment_n may_v be_v a_o example_n to_o other_o in_o time_n to_o come_v so_o far_o the_o libel_n of_o so_o many_o nation_n manifest_o acknowledge_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n of_o our_o king_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o thereupon_o demand_v protection_n for_o themselves_o and_o whereas_o no_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o this_o thing_n in_o the_o history_n either_o of_o the_o french_a english_a or_o other_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n since_o the_o proceed_n of_o court_n of_o judicature_n be_v very_o seldom_o set_v down_o in_o historiâ—â—_n but_o we_o understand_v by_o the_o french_a history_n that_o this_o griâ—bald_n be_v gouâ—â—â—or_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n at_o the_o very_a same_o time_n paulus_n aemiliuâ—_n write_v of_o philip_n the_o fair_a say_v 8._o he_o hire_v sixteen_o galley_n from_o genoa_n â—ver_v which_o reyner_n grimbald_n be_v governor_n or_o commander_n he_o sail_v about_o by_o sea_n infest_a the_o sea-coast_n of_o flanders_n regimerus_n reginâ—rus_n or_o reynerus_n grimbaldus_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n and_o among_o the_o genoêse_n there_o be_v a_o eminent_a family_n of_o that_o name_n but_o because_o he_o be_v a_o foreiner_n and_o mercenary_a therefore_o it_o seem_v joannes_n feronius_n leave_v
neptune_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n 1_o of_o thou_o great_a state_n the_o god_n of_o wave_n in_o equal_a wrong_n assistance_n crave_n defend_v thyself_o and_o i_o for_o if_o over_o sea_n there_o be_v no_o sway_n my_o godhead_n clean_o be_v take_v away_o the_o sceptre_n pluck_v from_o thou_o such_o as_o over_o sea_n all_o sovereignty_n oppose_v though_o seem_a friend_n to_o both_o be_v true_o foe_n 2_o nor_o can_v i_o think_v my_o suit_n be_v vain_a that_o land_n the_o sea_n shall_v now_o maintain_v since_o retribution_n due_a and_o england_n have_v great_a wealth_n possess_v by_o sea_n access_n and_o thereby_o blessed_v with_o plenty_n not_o a_o few_o which_o next_o the_o virtue_n of_o thy_o watchful_a eye_n will_v her_o secure_a from_o foreign_a miserle_n 3_o thy_o great_a endeavour_n to_o encrea_n the_o marine_a power_n do_v confess_v thou_o act'st_a some_o great_a design_n which_o have_v seven_o henry_n do_v before_o columbus_n launch_v from_o spanish_a shore_n the_o indies_n have_v be_v thou_o yet_o do_v thy_o sea_n those_o indian_a mine_n excel_v in_o riches_n far_o the_o belgian_n know_v it_o well_o 4_o what_o wealth_n or_o glory_n may_v arise_v by_o the_o north-west_n discovery_n be_v due_a unto_o thy_o care_n the_o adopt_v they_o with_o english_a name_n the_o greatness_n of_o thy_o mind_n proclaim_v we_o and_o what_o thy_o action_n be_v new_a sea_n thou_o gain_v &_o to_o the_o ancient_a four_o by_o edgar_n leave_v thou_o adde_v many_o more_o 5_o if_o little_a venice_n bring_v we_o alone_o such_o wave_n to_o her_o subjection_n as_o in_o the_o gulf_n do_v stir_v what_o then_o shall_v great_a britannia_n plea_n but_o rule_n as_o lady_n over_o all_o sea_n and_o thou_o as_o queen_n of_o she_o for_o sea-dominion_n may_v as_o well_o be_v gain_v by_o new_a acquest_n as_o by_o descent_n maintain_v 6_o go_v on_o great_a state_n and_o make_v it_o know_v thou_o never_o will_v forsake_v thy_o own_o nor_o from_o thy_o purpose_n start_v but_o that_o thou_o will_v thy_o power_n dilate_v since_o narrow_a sea_n be_v find_v too_o straight_o for_o thy_o capacious_a heart_n so_o shall_v thy_o rule_n and_o i_o have_v large_a extent_n yet_o not_o so_o large_a as_o just_a and_o permanent_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n two_o book_n in_o the_o first_o be_v show_v that_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n be_v not_o common_a to_o all_o man_n but_o capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n or_o propriety_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n in_o the_o second_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n or_o that_o which_o incompass_v the_o isle_n of_o great_a britain_n be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v a_o part_n or_o appendant_a of_o the_o empire_n of_o that_o island_n written_a at_o first_o in_o latin_a and_o entitle_v mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la seu_fw-la de_fw-fr dominio_fw-la maris_fw-la by_o john_n selden_n esquire_n translate_v into_o english_a and_o set_v forth_o with_o some_o additional_a evidence_n and_o discourse_n by_o marchamont_n nedham_n publish_a by_o special_a command_n london_n print_v by_o william_n dugard_n by_o the_o appointment_n of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o ship_n at_o the_o new-exchange_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1652._o to_o the_o supreme_a authority_n of_o the_o nation_n the_o parliament_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n right_a honourable_a i_o shall_v not_o have_v presume_v thus_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o so_o many_o great_a affair_n to_o press_v into_o your_o presence_n do_v i_o not_o bring_v a_o present_a in_o my_o hand_n most_o worthy_a of_o your_o acceptance_n it_o be_v that_o learned_a and_o elaborate_a work_n entitle_v mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la a_o piece_n so_o full_o vindicate_v your_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n over_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o clear_a evidence_n of_o reason_n and_o record_v from_o all_o antiquity_n that_o it_o stand_v more_o impregnable_a against_o the_o pen_n than_o the_o island_n itself_o against_o the_o attempt_n of_o foreign_a nation_n it_o be_v write_v original_o in_o latin_a for_o the_o assert_v of_o this_o right_n before_o all_o the_o world_n and_o how_o they_o have_v be_v convince_v by_o it_o appear_v hitherto_o by_o the_o universal_a admiration_n that_o attend_v it_o but_o consider_v what_o pity_v it_o be_v that_o so_o rare_a a_o jewel_n as_o this_o which_o have_v draw_v the_o envy_n of_o some_o few_o but_o the_o approbation_n of_o all_o shall_v lie_v so_o long_o lock_v up_o in_o a_o language_n unknown_a to_o the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o nation_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v and_o how_o necessary_a it_o be_v in_o this_o present_a juncture_n to_o let_v the_o people_n have_v a_o clear_a understanding_n of_o their_o near_a interest_n and_o how_o that_o right_o have_v be_v receive_v in_o all_o age_n which_o a_o strange_a people_n in_o this_o latter_a age_n have_v be_v bold_a to_o undermine_v it_o be_v judge_v very_o requisite_a to_o unlock_v the_o cabinet_n and_o expose_v the_o jewel_n to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n that_o they_o may_v prize_v it_o and_o apprehend_v not_o only_o their_o own_o interest_n and_o concernment_n but_o how_o far_o we_o and_o our_o posterity_n must_v stand_v indebt_v to_o the_o name_n and_o memory_n of_o the_o noble_a selden_n as_o for_o myself_o though_o it_o be_v account_v one_o of_o the_o mean_a service_n to_o translate_v yet_o when_o i_o consult_v with_o my_o own_o thought_n which_o way_n i_o may_v best_o express_v my_o duty_n and_o affection_n to_o your_o present_a caus_n and_o consider_v that_o little_o can_v be_v say_v or_o collect_v upon_o this_o subject_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v not_o abundant_o set_v forth_o in_o this_o irrefragable_a treatise_n i_o conceive_v it_o a_o task_n of_o no_o less_o importance_n than_o difficulty_n and_o now_o it_o be_v do_v if_o it_o be_v well_o do_v i_o shall_v believ_n myself_o to_o have_v attein_v no_o small_a happiness_n in_o have_v my_o name_n any_o way_n relate_v to_o the_o learned_a author_n who_o shall_v ever_o live_v like_o himself_o in_o this_o excellent_a book_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v any_o memory_n of_o britain_n or_o of_o the_o sea_n that_o flow'_v about_o it_o it_o be_v a_o work_n begin_v it_o seem_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n and_o then_o lay_v aside_o again_o for_o above_o sixteen_o year_n but_o afterward_o revive_v alter_v and_o enlarge_v by_o the_o learned_a author_n as_o he_o say_v in_o his_o epistle_n at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o late_a tyrant_n and_o as_o it_o be_v write_v for_o he_o so_o it_o be_v dedicate_v to_o he_o as_o be_v suppose_v one_o who_o be_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v be_v a_o fit_a patron_n of_o the_o dominion_n here_o assert_v however_o this_o i_o find_v that_o as_o he_o seem_v by_o his_o naval_a preparation_n in_o the_o year_n 1635_o to_o resent_v the_o many_o injurious_a usurpation_n of_o our_o unruly_a neighbour_n and_o do_v in_o word_n also_o strenuous_o assert_v the_o jurisdiction_n at_o sea_n so_o he_o set_v a_o value_n upon_o this_o book_n as_o it_o be_v main_a evidence_n and_o in_o the_o 12_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n it_o be_v upon_o his_o special_a command_n deliver_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o sir_n william_n beecher_n one_o of_o the_o clerk_n of_o his_o council_n to_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n in_o open_a court_n and_o by_o immediate_a order_n of_o that_o court_n it_o be_v place_v among_o their_o public_a record_n where_o it_o remain_n to_o this_o day_n now_o have_v he_o persist_v with_o the_o same_o firm_a resolution_n in_o this_o honourable_a business_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o he_o do_v in_o other_o thing_n that_o be_v destructive_a to_o the_o nation_n be_v interest_n the_o netherlander_n have_v be_v prevent_v from_o spin_v out_o their_o long_a opportunity_n to_o a_o imaginary_a claim_n of_o prescription_n so_o that_o they_o will_v have_v have_v less_o pretence_n to_o act_n those_o insolence_n now_o which_o in_o former_a time_n never_o dare_v enter_v the_o thought_n of_o their_o predecessor_n the_o truth_n be_v too_o much_o easiness_n and_o indulgence_n to_o the_o father_n and_o grandfather_n of_o the_o present_a generation_n be_v the_o first_o occasion_n of_o elevate_a they_o to_o this_o height_n of_o confidence_n in_o press_v upon_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n for_o who_o know_v not_o with_o what_o tenderness_n and_o upon_o what_o term_n they_o be_v first_o take_v into_o the_o bosom_n of_o queen_n elisabeth_n yet_o they_o be_v no_o soon_o warm_v but_o they_o show_v their_o sting_n and_o prove_v the_o only_a great_a vexation_n because_o deceitful_a friend_n to_o that_o excellent_a lady_n who_o in_o those_o infant-day_n be_v both_o mother_n and_o nurse_n of_o their_o ungrateful_a republic_n too_o
the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o as_o lord_n thereof_o together_o with_o the_o island_n before_o they_o be_v bring_v under_o the_o roman_a power_n p._n 188_o chap._n iii_o that_o the_o britain_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o northern_a sea_n before_o they_o be_v subdue_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o that_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o land_n make_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n pag._n 201_o chap._n iv_o that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n follow_v the_o conquest_n of_o great_a britain_n itself_o under_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n and_o domitian_n pag._n 205_o chap._n v._o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o british_a sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o island_n from_o the_o time_n of_o domitian_n to_o the_o emperor_n constantius_n chlorus_n or_o diocletian_a pag._n 211_o chap._n vi_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o british_a empire_n from_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a till_o the_o roman_n quit_v the_o island_n that_o it_o be_v all_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n also_o concern_v the_o british_a navy_n under_o the_o roman_n pag._n 217_o chap._n vii_o a_o examination_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o learned_a man_n who_o will_v have_v the_o saxon_a shore_n from_o whence_o that_o count_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o sea_n throughout_o britain_n have_v his_o title_n to_o be_v the_o british_a shore_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v plain_o prove_v to_o be_v false_o pag._n 231_o chap._n viii_o some_o evidence_n concern_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o inseparable_a dominion_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o sea_n belong_v thereto_o out_o of_o claudian_n and_o certain_a coin_n of_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n pius_n pag._n 242_o chap._n ix_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n after_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v free_v themselves_o from_o the_o roman_a power_n pag._n 247_o chap._n x._o it_o be_v prove_v both_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o saxon_n reign_n as_o also_o from_o their_o force_n and_o victory_n by_o sea_n that_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n who_o rule_v the_o south_n part_n of_o britain_n have_v dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n pag._n 251_o chap._n xi_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n during_o their_o reign_n in_o britain_n observe_v in_o like_a manner_n from_o such_o tribute_n and_o duty_n of_o their_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n as_o concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n also_o concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o paiment_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v wont_v to_o beelevied_a for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 259_o chap._n xii_o the_o testimony_n of_o edgar_n and_o canutus_n king_n of_o england_n with_o other_o express_o declare_v the_o dominion_n which_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n have_v over_o the_o sea_n together_o with_o a_o observation_n touch_v the_o nation_n which_o in_o that_o age_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n pag._n 273_o chap._n xiii_o several_a testimony_n concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n set_v forth_o in_o general_a head_n pag._n 284_o chap._n fourteen_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n have_v perpetual_o enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prove_v from_o the_o guard_n or_o government_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o english_a admiralty_n pag._n 287_o chap._n xv._o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n assert_v from_o those_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n thereof_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n pag._n 295_o chap._n xvi_o observation_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a sea_n from_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o those_o letter_n patent_n or_o commission_n royal_a whereby_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v put_v in_o authority_n pag._n 305_o chap._n xvii_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o word_n plain_a enough_o in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o the_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n from_o ancient_a to_o the_o present_a time_n that_o the_o sea_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n he_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n be_v ever_o bound_v towards_o the_o south_n by_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n normandy_n and_o picardy_n pag._n 312_o chap._n xviii_o touch_v the_o admiral_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n or_o those_o constitute_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n their_o original_a nature_n and_o variety_n that_o the_o sea_n itself_o flow_v between_o britain_n and_o france_n be_v not_o contain_v in_o that_o command_n of_o he_o as_o of_o one_o that_o be_v governor_n of_o a_o territory_n or_o province_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n in_o it_o that_o may_v oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n pag._n 321._o chap._n xix_o that_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o those_o island_n lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o they_o be_v situate_a be_v derive_v from_o their_o predecessor_n pag._n 333_o chap._n xx._n the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n assert_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o that_o leave_v of_o preter-navigation_n or_o passage_n which_o have_v be_v usual_o either_o grant_v by_o they_o to_o foreiner_n or_o desire_v from_o they_o pag._n 344_o chap._n xxi_o that_o licence_n have_v be_v usual_o grant_v to_o foreiner_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o fish_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o that_o the_o protection_n give_v to_o fisherman_n by_o they_o as_o in_o their_o own_o territory_n be_v a_o ancient_a and_o manifest_a evidence_n of_o their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n pag._n 355_o chap._n xxii_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n make_v evident_a from_o the_o law_n and_o limit_n usual_o set_v by_o our_o king_n in_o the_o sea_n to_o such_o foreiner_n as_o be_v at_o enmity_n with_o each_o other_o but_o in_o amity_n with_o the_o english_a and_o concern_v the_o king_n closet_n or_o chamber_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o touch_v that_o singular_a privilege_v of_o perpetual_a truce_n or_o exemption_n from_o hostility_n in_o the_o sea_n about_o those_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n pag._n 363_o chap._n xxiii_o certain_a public_a record_n wherein_o of_o old_a the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o the_o way_n asscribe_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n both_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o also_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n debate_v of_o other_o matter_n and_o that_o in_o express_a word_n and_o with_o very_o great_a deliberation_n as_o a_o know_a and_o most_o undoubted_a right_n pag._n 375_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v pag._n 382_o chap._n xxv_o son_n ancient_a testimony_n of_o less_o account_n touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n whereof_o we_o treat_v pag._n 394_o chap._n xxvi_o that_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o foreiner_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v by_o their_o usual_a strike_n of_o sail_n according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n also_o concern_v two_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n that_o be_v set_v forth_o about_o this_o thing_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n pag._n 398_o chap._n xxvii_o a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o very_a many_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n round_o about_o in_o a_o ancient_a libel_n public_o exhibit_v or_o in_o a_o bill_n of_o complaint_n institute_v by_o they_o together_o with_o the_o english_a against_o reyner_n grimbald_n governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n also_o touch_v a_o recognition_n of_o this_o kind_n imply_v in_o his_o defence_n pag._n 403_o chap._n xxviii_o a_o copy_n or_o transcript_n of_o the_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n pag._n 415._o chap._n xxix_o a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o edward_n the_o second_o pag._n 429_o chap._n xxx_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o irish_a and_o western_a sea_n consider_v single_o and_o apart_o by_o itself_o pag._n 433
that_o in_o it_o which_o may_v seem_v to_o import_v that_o he_o call_v himself_o king_n of_o the_o ocean_n especial_o if_o you_o consider_v those_o word_n which_o we_o find_v sometime_o among_o german_a writer_n in_o the_o title_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o constitution_n concern_v public_a judicatories_n in_o the_o empire_n he_o be_v call_v king_n of_o the_o canary_n land_n also_o of_o the_o island_n of_o the_o indies_n and_o of_o the_o continent_n and_o of_o the_o ocean_n archduke_n of_o austria_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o imperial_a sanction_n publish_v in_o high_a dutch_a konig-und_a jnsulen_n canariae_fw-la auch_fw-ge der_fw-ge jnsulen_n indiarum_fw-la und_fw-ge terrae_fw-la firmae_fw-la des_fw-fr maer_n oceant_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o you_o may_v meet_v with_o it_o at_o least_o six_o hundred_o time_n the_o word_n ocean_n be_v add_v as_o if_o he_o entitle_v himself_o king_n of_o the_o ocean_n but_o this_o be_v a_o mistake_n for_o the_o same_o in_o spanish_a be_v rey_n etc._n etc._n de_fw-la las_fw-fr islas_n y_fw-fr terra_fw-la firma_fw-la deal_v mar_v oceano_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v king_n of_o the_o island_n and_o of_o the_o terra_fw-la firma_fw-la of_o the_o ocean_n namely_o the_o island_n or_o continent_n of_o or_o lie_v in_o the_o ocean_n which_o pope_n 22._o alexander_n the_o six_o give_v to_o ferdinand_n the_o five_o king_n of_o spain_n all_o of_o they_o lie_v westward_o from_o the_o very_a first_o meridian_n of_o those_o he_o entitle_n himself_o king_n not_o of_o the_o ocean_n itself_o how_o far_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v admit_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n or_o opinion_n of_o the_o french_a chap._n xviii_o as_o concern_v dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o french_a some_o perhaps_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v meet_v with_o very_o ancient_a evidence_n thereof_o in_o those_o officer_n depute_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o seacoast_n who_o we_o read_v of_o in_o the_o 5._o statute-book_n and_o in_o that_o rotlandus_n governor_n of_o the_o british_a that_o be_v the_o aremorican_a shore_n mention_v in_o the_o life_n of_o charlemaign_a by_o eginhartus_n a_o writer_n of_o that_o time_n but_o those_o dignity_n have_v relation_n not_o so_o much_o to_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o to_o the_o shore_n and_o sea-coast_n or_o the_o border_n of_o the_o land_n confine_v with_o the_o sea_n notwithstanding_o that_o rotlandus_n be_v by_o the_o frenchman_n of_o this_o and_o the_o former_a age_n promiscuous_o style_v alii_fw-la governor_n both_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o shore_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n but_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o prince_n heretofore_o upon_o the_o shore_n of_o aremorica_n or_o bretaign_n as_o the_o veneti_n bretaigne_n of_o who_o we_o speak_v before_o do_v upon_o the_o same_o shore_n impose_v custom_n upon_o ship_n as_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o road_n upon_o their_o coast_n and_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o other_o right_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n call_v nobilitates_fw-la super_fw-la navibus_fw-la so_o it_o be_v to_o be_v read_v in_o a_o ancient_a record_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o duke_n alanus_n in_o the_o year_n mlxxxvii_o concern_v precedence_n of_o place_n among_o the_o noble_n of_o bretaigne_n in_o that_o record_n the_o second_o place_n be_v assign_v to_o the_o viscount_n of_o s_o t_o pol_n de_fw-fr leon_n who_o as_o the_o very_a 13._o word_n of_o it_o be_v have_v very_o many_o of_o those_o custom_n call_v nobilitates_fw-la super_fw-la navibus_fw-la impose_v on_o such_o as_o pass_v the_o ocean_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o osismer_n or_o leon_n which_o as_o it_o be_v say_v budicius_n a_o ancient_a king_n of_o france_n bretaign_n do_v give_v and_o grant_v to_o one_o of_o his_o predecessor_n upon_o marriage_n in_o reward_n of_o the_o virtue_n fidelity_n and_o valour_n of_o that_o viscount_n but_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o prelate_n count_n baron_n and_o noble_n of_o bretaign_a what_o these_o nobilitates_fw-la be_v and_o whence_o they_o have_v their_o original_n be_v partly_o declare_v by_o bertrandus_fw-la argentraeus_fw-la sometime_o precedent_n of_o the_o province_n of_o renes_fw-la where_o he_o discourse_v also_o of_o the_o right_n of_o give_v pass_v port_n which_o they_o call_v bref_n the_o conduct_n at_o this_o time_n in_o use_n on_o that_o shore_n 44._o that_o say_v he_o whereas_o till_o then_o it_o have_v be_v a_o right_n peculiar_a to_o the_o prince_n be_v give_v by_o way_n of_o dowry_n to_o the_o baron_n of_o leon_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v out_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a record_n remain_v a_o hereditary_a and_o proper_a right_n to_o that_o family_n until_o joannes_n ruffus_n the_o duke_n redeem_v it_o for_o a_o vast_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o guynomarius_n baron_n of_o leon_n after_o that_o peter_n mauclerc_n of_o dreux_n duke_n of_o bretaign_n have_v in_o vain_a attempt_v to_o re_fw-mi assume_v it_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n it_o have_v its_o original_n they_o say_v upon_o this_o occasion_n when_o our_o prince_n and_o ancient_a king_n consider_v the_o daily_a shipwreck_n make_v upon_o that_o shore_n where_o there_o be_v many_o rock_n and_o but_o few_o havens_n they_o make_v a_o law_n that_o none_o shall_v set_v to_o sea_n without_o their_o leave_v such_o as_o do_v set_v out_o pay_v a_o certain_a rate_n have_v pass_n and_o guide_v appoint_v they_o that_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o sea_n and_o shores_n they_o that_o refuse_v forfeit_v their_o ship_n with_o all_o their_o tackle_n and_o furniture_n thereof_o and_o if_o the_o ship_n be_v cast_v away_o their_o good_n also_o be_v confiscate_v they_o that_o have_v leave_v be_v in_o no_o danger_n of_o confiscation_n and_o if_o they_o suffer_v shipwreck_n have_v liberty_n to_o recover_v as_o many_o of_o their_o good_n as_o they_o can_v and_o these_o guide_n be_v pay_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o conduct-money_n which_o we_o have_v mention_v elsewhere_o call_v by_o they_o droit_fw-fr de_fw-fr savage_n these_o ticket_n or_o pass_n be_v give_v out_o now_o as_o heretosore_n at_o a_o certain_a price_n and_o among_o other_o revenue_n of_o the_o exchequer_n they_o also_o be_v rent_v out_o to_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o custom_n so_o far_a bertrandus_fw-la from_o who_o renatus_n 106._o choppinus_n borrow_v almost_o the_o very_a word_n but_o 51._o petrus_n berlordaeus_n advocate_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o rein_n tell_v we_o we_o that_o the_o custom_n of_o take_v forfeiture_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o all_o shipwreck_v good_n be_v abolish_v there_o by_o a_o edict_n in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiii_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n for_o so_o much_o as_o concern_v any_o part_n of_o that_o western_a sea_n lie_v next_o the_o shore_n these_o be_v manifest_a evidence_n either_o of_o dominion_n or_o of_o subjection_n in_o the_o sea_n which_o indeed_o sufficient_o prove_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o people_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o dominion_n moreover_o upon_o occasion_n of_o these_o pass_n there_o have_v be_v controversy_n raise_v sometime_o between_o the_o duke_n of_o bretaign_a and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o certain_a cottoniana_n memorial_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o bretaign_a which_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o time_n of_o our_o richard_n the_o second_o and_z john_n the_o four_o duke_n of_o bretaign_n but_o this_o we_o know_v for_o certain_a that_o in_o the_o agreement_n make_v between_o our_o edward_n the_o four_o and_o francis_n the_o second_o duke_n of_o bretaign_n in_o the_o year_n mcccclxviii_n concern_v mutual_a traffic_n and_o free_a passage_n to_o and_o fro_o for_o the_o subject_n of_o each_o nation_n during_o a_o seqq_fw-la truce_n of_o thirty_o year_n there_o be_v a_o express_a proviso_n concern_v wreck_n but_o such_o a_o one_o as_o leave_v a_o equal_a right_n to_o both_o of_o they_o not_o altogether_o unlike_a that_o which_o for_o many_o age_n have_v be_v in_o use_n upon_o the_o english_a shore_n no_o mention_n at_o all_o be_v make_v in_o the_o article_n of_o the_o truce_n either_o of_o the_o right_n or_o use_v of_o these_o aforesaid_a pass_n as_o be_v a_o thing_n in_o no_o wise_a admit_v by_o the_o english_a but_o some_o modern_a lawyer_n among_o the_o french_a do_v vain_o affirm_v that_o their_o king_n be_v lord_n not_o only_o of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n neighbour_a upon_o the_o territory_n of_o bretaign_n but_o of_o the_o whole_a sea_n that_o be_v adjoin_v to_o any_o part_n of_o france_n and_o so_o of_o the_o british_a or_o english_a sea_n also_o by_o which_o very_a assertion_n of_o they_o they_o sufficient_o declare_v their_o judgement_n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o sovereign_a over_o the_o sea_n the_o king_n say_v 1._o charondas_n caronaeus_n be_v supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o flow_v about_o his_o
defence_n of_o his_o kingdom_n against_o foreiner_n and_o the_o train_n up_o of_o himself_o and_o his_o people_n for_o warlike_a employment_n thus_o the_o guardianship_n or_o maintenance_n of_o the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n be_v evident_a but_o as_o concern_v the_o fleet_n aforemention_v they_o each_o of_o they_o consist_v of_o mcc_n ship_n and_o these_o as_o writer_n say_v express_o very_o stout_a one_o so_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o british_a navy_n consist_v of_o such_o ship_n to_o the_o number_n of_o three_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sail_n as_o 975._o florentius_n and_o hoveden_n speak_v express_o but_o other_o write_v that_o these_o fleet_n amount_v to_o four_o thousand_o ship_n as_o coltoniana_n john_n bramton_n abbot_n of_o jorvaux_n other_o add_v to_o these_o three_o a_o four_o fleet_n whereby_o the_o number_n be_v increase_v to_o four_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o sail_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o florilegus_n so_o as_o florentius_n also_o say_v he_o by_o the_o help_n of_o god_n govern_v and_o secure_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o kingdom_n with_o prudence_n fortitude_n justice_n and_o temperance_n as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v and_o have_v the_o courage_n of_o a_o fierce_a lion_n he_o keep_v all_o the_o prince_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o isle_n in_o awe_n we_o read_v also_o in_o ordericus_n vitalis_n of_o king_n harold_n or_o herald_n that_o he_o so_o guard_v the_o sea_n with_o a_o force_n of_o soldierie_a and_o ship_n that_o none_o of_o his_o enemy_n can_v without_o a_o sore_a conflict_n invade_v the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o we_o can_v otherwise_o conceiv_v but_o that_o these_o naval_a force_n be_v at_o that_o time_n dispose_v and_o the_o sea-fights_a undertake_v for_o the_o defence_n and_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o english-saxon_a dominion_n in_o this_o island_n especial_o if_o we_o due_o compare_v these_o thing_n already_o manifest_a with_o those_o which_o be_v add_v by_o and_o by_o to_o this_o particular_a touch_v the_o same_o age_n the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n during_o their_o reign_n in_o britain_n observe_v in_o like_a manner_n from_o such_o tribute_n and_o duty_n of_o their_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n as_o concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n also_o concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o paiment_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v levy_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n chap._n xi_o here_o follow_v next_o the_o tribute_n and_o duty_n of_o vassal_n concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n or_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v evidence_n also_o of_o that_o sea-dominion_n which_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a i_o call_v those_o tribute_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v levy_v for_o the_o reinforce_a of_o the_o navy_n and_o for_o provision_n of_o victual_n for_o the_o seaman_n of_o which_o kind_n be_v those_o that_o be_v levy_v according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o man_n estate_n in_o land_n for_o the_o set_n forth_o of_o ship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n ethelred_n for_o at_o that_o time_n whosoever_o possess_v cccx_o cassatos_n or_o hide_v of_o land_n be_v charge_v with_o the_o build_n of_o one_o ship_n and_o they_o be_v all_o rate_v proportionable_o after_o this_o manner_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o more_o or_o less_o hide_n or_o of_o part_n of_o a_o hide_n as_o cottoniana_n marianus_n scotus_n hoveden_n and_o florentius_n do_v all_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n say_v they_o give_v strict_a command_n that_o one_o galley_n shall_v be_v charge_v upon_o cccx_o cassati_fw-la but_o a_o coat_n of_o armour_n and_o a_o helmet_n upon_o nine_o and_o that_o ship_n shall_v be_v build_v throughout_o all_o england_n which_o be_v make_v ready_a he_o victual_v and_o man_v they_o with_o choice_a soldier_n and_o appoint_v their_o rendezvous_n at_o the_o port_n of_o sandwich_n to_o secure_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o kingdom_n from_o the_o eruption_n of_o foreiner_n but_o cottoniana_n henry_n of_o huntingdon_n as_o also_o matthew_n paris_n and_o florilegus_n speak_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n say_v the_o king_n charge_v one_o ship_n upon_o three_o hundred_o and_o ten_o hide_n of_o land_n through_o all_o england_n also_o a_o coat-armor_n and_o helmet_n upon_o eight_o hide_n then_o huntingdon_n tell_v we_o what_o a_o hide_n do_v signify_v but_o a_o hide_n in_o english_a say_v he_o be_v so_o much_o land_n as_o a_o man_n can_v till_o with_o one_o blow_n for_o a_o year_n other_o there_o be_v that_o determine_v otherwise_o touch_v the_o quantity_n of_o a_o hide_n and_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v very_o various_a according_a to_o the_o different_a custom_n of_o country_n but_o the_o same_o with_o cassata_n and_o year_n carucata_n indeed_o the_o english-saxon_a chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o cottoniana_n abingdon_n do_v likewise_o mention_n hide_v here_o express_o in_o the_o year_n mviii_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hund_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tynumaenne_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d helm_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o king_n give_v command_v for_o the_o build_n of_o ship_n careful_o throughout_o all_o england_n to_o wit_n that_o one_o galley_n shall_v be_v charge_v upon_o cccx_o hide_n of_o land_n but_o a_o coat-armor_n and_o helmet_n upon_o eight_o hide_n and_o it_o be_v usual_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o that_o age_n that_o the_o rich_a sort_n shall_v be_v tax_v by_o the_o number_n of_o hide_n as_o we_o see_v also_o throughout_o that_o breviarie_n of_o england_n or_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n call_v scaccarii_fw-la domesday_n which_o be_v first_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n huntingdon_n add'_v also_o that_o there_o never_o have_v be_v so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o ship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o any_o one_o in_o britain_n which_o be_v testify_v in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n before_o cite_v so_o that_o that_o most_o numerous_a navy_n of_o king_n edgar_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o this_o but_o yet_o that_o most_o learned_a man_n and_o great_a light_n of_o our_o island_n m_o r_o 114._o camden_n have_v so_o cast_v up_o the_o number_n of_o hide_n throughout_o england_n out_o of_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o that_o age_n that_o they_o do_v not_o exceed_v 243600._o if_o this_o have_v be_v so_o than_o they_o can_v have_v set_v forth_o no_o more_o than_o 785_o ship_n by_o this_o tribute_n which_o be_v a_o lesser_a number_n than_o that_o of_o king_n edgar_n by_o some_o thousand_o so_o that_o some_o other_o account_n be_v to_o be_v make_v concern_v hide_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o place_n hereunto_o belong_v that_o of_o huntingdon_n touch_v king_n canutus_n and_o his_o son_n harald_n in_o the_o day_n of_o harald_n say_v he_o as_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n eight_o mark_n be_v pay_v by_o every_o port_n for_o xvi_o ship_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n hoveden_n say_v there_o be_v a_o tax_n impose_v which_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n when_o king_n canutus_n and_o king_n edmond_n make_v a_o agreement_n in_o a_o isle_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o severn_n call_v oleney_n moreover_o huntingdon_n write_v that_o 11048_o pound_n be_v raise_v by_o hardecanute_n king_n of_o england_n before_o he_o have_v reign_v two_o year_n for_o thirty_o two_o ship_n that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o the_o build_n of_o two_o and_o thirty_o ship_n he_o give_v command_v also_o as_o 1040._o matthew_n westminster_n say_v that_o eight_o mark_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o every_o rower_n of_o his_o navy_n and_o ten_o mark_n to_o each_o commander_n out_o of_o all_o england_n he_o say_v again_o also_o of_o the_o same_o king_n that_o he_o appoint_v officer_n through_o all_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o collect_v the_o tax_n impose_v without_o favour_v any_o and_o therewith_o to_o provide_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o his_o force_n at_o sea_n and_o florentius_n say_v eodem_fw-la he_o give_v command_v for_o the_o pay_v of_o eight_o mark_n to_o every_o rower_n of_o his_o navy_n and_o twelve_o so_o we_o read_v it_o in_o that_o author_n to_o every_o commander_n out_o of_o all_o england_n a_o tax_n indeed_o so_o grievous_a that_o scarce_o any_o man_n be_v able_a to_o pay_v it_o but_o these_o thing_n speak_v of_o canutus_n his_o son_n harald_n and_o hardecanute_n relate_v perhaps_o unto_o that_o tribute_n or_o tax_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v pay_v yearly_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o guard_v the_o territory_n or_o dominion_n by_o
12._o there_o be_v say_v he_o four_o governor_n of_o the_o french_a sea_n who_o bear_v a_o equal_a command_n under_o a_o different_a title_n and_o upon_o several_a coast_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o in_o ancient_a time_n aquitain_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o english_a bretaign_v by_o its_o duke_n provence_n by_o hereditary_a earl_n not_o by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o therefore_o at_o that_o time_n the_o admiral_n of_o france_n have_v command_v only_o over_o the_o belgic_a sea_n of_o picardy_n and_o normandy_n as_o far_o as_o the_o coast_n of_o bretaign_n but_o then_o all_o the_o other_o border_a prince_n choose_v governor_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o admiral_n peculiar_o for_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o the_o english_a be_v drive_v out_o of_o aquitain_n and_o the_o country_n of_o provence_n and_o bretaign_v be_v bring_v into_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n the_o king_n suppose_v it_o not_o fit_a to_o innovate_v any_o thing_n appoint_v a_o lieutenant_n and_o admiral_n of_o aquitain_n likewise_o a_o governor_n of_o bretaign_n with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o in_o the_o province_n of_o gallia_n narbonensis_n in_o a_o manner_n distinct_a and_o apart_o from_o the_o rest_n but_o the_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n belong_v to_o the_o french_a admiral_n be_v settle_v at_o paris_n and_o rouen_n so_o he_o and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o write_v that_o there_o be_v prince_n not_o a_o few_o who_o hold_v the_o seacoast_n as_o beneficiaries_n that_o enjoy_v the_o power_n of_o admiral_n in_o their_o territory_n but_o we_o have_v edict_n and_o decree_n concern_v the_o admiral_n be_v jurisdiction_n over_o the_o maritime_a force_n affair_n and_o person_n in_o the_o time_n of_o 10._o charles_n the_o five_o and_o sixth_o lewis_n the_o 12_o the_o francis_n the_o first_o henry_n the_o 2_o d_o &_o 3_o d_o and_o other_o king_n of_o france_n as_o also_o touch_v the_o ten_o of_o spoil_n take_v from_o enemy_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o relate_v unto_o the_o good_n and_o person_n of_o such_o as_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o manner_n of_o navigation_n whatsoêver_o and_o in_o these_o edict_n he_o be_v sometime_o call_v by_o the_o king_n nostre_fw-fr 148â—_n lieutenant_n general_n per_fw-la la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr &_o greve_n d'icelle_n that_o be_v our_o lieutenant_n general_a throughout_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n thereof_o but_o this_o lieutenant_n or_o governor_n as_o they_o plea_n to_o call_v he_o of_o the_o sea_n be_v never_o at_o all_o in_o command_n over_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o france_n and_o britain_n as_o over_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n to_o be_v defend_v for_o the_o king_n of_o france_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n but_o in_o the_o sea_n only_o over_o the_o 3._o naval_a force_n person_n and_o affair_n belong_v to_o the_o french_a jurisdiction_n much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n take_v cognizance_n of_o offender_n of_o his_o own_o retinue_n in_o a_o foreign_a territory_n and_o rule_n be_v they_o as_o at_o home_n but_o without_o any_o pretence_n of_o he_o to_o a_o right_a of_o dominion_n in_o that_o territory_n which_o true_o there_o be_v no_o man_n but_o will_v conceiv_v that_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n observe_v the_o defect_n and_o deep_a silence_n of_o ancient_a testimony_n touch_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o dominion_n among_o the_o french_a beside_o the_o quality_n of_o that_o government_n among_o they_o and_o at_o length_n the_o entire_a and_o most_o ample_a power_n always_o exercise_v throughout_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n lie_v about_o it_o under_o the_o sole_a command_n of_o the_o english_a and_o will_v but_o compare_v it_o for_o so_o many_o revolution_n of_o year_n with_o those_o so_o long_o break_v and_o divide_v dominion_n upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n of_o france_n and_o with_o the_o late_a addition_n of_o the_o sea-coast_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n according_a to_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v already_o speak_v about_o it_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o there_o be_v no_o testimony_n before_o our_o time_n concern_v any_o dominion_n of_o this_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o in_o our_o time_n except_o certain_a lawyer_n who_o speak_v of_o it_o either_o by_o the_o by_o or_o in_o a_o rhetorical_a flourish_n only_o not_o in_o a_o way_n of_o assert_v it_o by_o strength_n of_o argument_n of_o these_o thing_n i_o have_v speak_v already_o in_o the_o former_a book_n where_o also_o other_o matter_n be_v allege_v of_o special_a observation_n which_o confirm_v what_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o particular_a but_o now_o let_v we_o add_v hereunto_o that_o the_o very_a french_a historian_n both_o of_o the_o past_a and_o present_a age_n do_v affirm_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n the_o king_n of_o france_n therefore_o either_o have_v no_o admiral_n at_o all_o or_o else_o that_o they_o be_v constitute_v now_o and_o then_o only_o as_o occasion_v require_v because_o they_o have_v no_o empire_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o tilius_fw-la say_v express_o in_o the_o place_n abovementioned_a in_o vain_a therefore_o do_v 9_o popellinerius_n reprehend_v those_o historian_n in_o say_v it_o be_v false_a because_o normandy_n picardy_n and_o flanders_n be_v heretofore_o under_o the_o french_a dominion_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v this_o that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n reign_v a_o long_a time_n without_o the_o possession_n of_o normandy_n and_o flanders_n and_o retain_v not_o any_o other_o shore_n beside_o that_o of_o picardy_n as_o appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o show_v and_o by_o the_o frequent_a testimony_n of_o historian_n and_o the_o consequence_n do_v not_o appear_v to_o be_v good_a that_o they_o have_v any_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n because_o they_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o some_o sea-coast_n no_o more_o true_o than_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o a_o man_n be_v lord_n of_o a_o river_n in_o france_n because_o he_o have_v land_n lie_v by_o it_o whereas_o by_o receive_a custom_n according_a to_o the_o 16._o law_n of_o france_n the_o king_n be_v owner_n of_o all_o river_n that_o be_v navigable_a where_o they_o belong_v not_o to_o some_o subject_n by_o a_o particular_a prescription_n of_o possession_n or_o some_o other_o title_n beside_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o adjacent_a land_n as_o the_o custom_n be_v not_o unusual_a also_o in_o other_o place_n but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o quality_n of_o this_o maritime_a government_n among_o the_o french_a it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o as_o every_o one_o of_o the_o more_o eminent_a office_n or_o government_n have_v a_o peculiar_a place_n in_o their_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o government_n as_o it_o chief_o respect_n any_o province_n or_o government_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o french_a dominion_n as_o the_o constable_n the_o grand_a escuyer_n or_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n the_o grand_a master_n and_o other_o yet_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n have_v no_o place_n at_o all_o upon_o that_o account_n as_o it_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o time_n of_o 5._o henry_n the_o second_o when_o such_o a_o place_n be_v plain_o deny_v to_o gaspar_n collignie_a admiral_n of_o france_n as_o he_o be_v admiral_n or_o have_v the_o maritime_a government_n but_o it_o be_v grant_v he_o as_o governor_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o france_n as_o they_o call_v it_o under_o the_o king_n for_o by_o the_o title_n of_o admiral_n he_o have_v no_o government_n in_o chief_a within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o because_o be_v admiral_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o sea_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a since_o which_o be_v out_o of_o the_o king_n dominion_n he_o exercise_v jurisdiction_n over_o person_n and_o affair_n only_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o sea_n therefore_o in_o this_o respect_n he_o be_v to_o be_v deny_v any_o place_n for_o which_o cause_n likewise_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v as_o it_o seem_v that_o those_o four_o distinct_a admiral_n beforementioned_a have_v in_o like_a manner_n also_o a_o government_n of_o province_n from_o which_o they_o be_v wont_v to_o be_v denominate_v as_o we_o understand_v by_o these_o passage_n already_o cite_v out_o of_o choppinus_n and_o other_o that_o write_v of_o this_o matter_n so_o they_o that_o have_v any_o principal_a command_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v within_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n do_v enjoie_v a_o equal_a privilege_n with_o the_o other_o more_o eminent_a dignity_n of_o the_o realm_n moreover_o also_o the_o regulation_n of_o those_o river_n whereof_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v lord_n be_v not_o under_o the_o admiral_n be_v government_n but_o under_o the_o special_a charge_n of_o those_o
what_o a_o extraordinary_a plentiful_a and_o gainful_a herring-fishing_a the_o hollander_n and_o zelander_n use_v to_o have_v in_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n have_v first_o obtain_v leave_v from_o this_o castle_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n for_o the_o english_a have_v ever_o grant_v they_o leave_v to_o fish_n reserve_v always_o the_o honour_n and_o privilege_n to_o themselves_o but_o through_o a_o kind_n of_o negligence_n resign_v the_o profit_n to_o stranger_n for_o it_o be_v almost_o incredible_a what_o a_o vast_a sum_n of_o mâ—nie_n the_o hollander_n make_v by_o this_o fish_n upon_o our_o coast._n so_o he_o there_o be_v another_o man_n also_o of_o very_o great_a skill_n and_o knowledge_n in_o sea-affair_n who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o q._n elisabeth_n present_v a_o book_n to_o the_o parliament_n write_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n about_o the_o commodity_n of_o fish_v wherein_o he_o write_v that_o the_o hollander_n and_o zelander_n every_o year_n towards_o the_o late_a end_n of_o summer_n send_v forth_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o vessel_n call_v buff_n to_o fish_v for_o herring_n in_o this_o eastern_a sea_n 1580._o where_o before_o they_o fish_v they_o ask_v leave_v of_o scarborough_n which_o be_v his_o very_a word_n care_n be_v take_v also_o by_o proclamation_n in_o the_o time_n of_o 6._o k._n james_n that_o no_o foreiner_n shall_v fish_v in_o the_o english_a or_o irish_a sea_n or_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o other_o isle_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v and_o every_o year_n at_o least_o reneâ—ed_a from_o the_o commissioner_n appoint_v for_o this_o purpose_n at_o london_n and_o touch_v the_o liberty_n of_o fish_v grant_v at_o other_o time_n also_o to_o foreiner_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n there_o be_v many_o testimony_n in_o 35._o other_o writer_n but_o the_o cause_n why_o we_o do_v not_o often_o meet_v with_o the_o form_n of_o those_o licence_n grant_v either_o for_o passage_n or_o fish_n in_o the_o english_a sea_n be_v plain_o this_o because_o by_o the_o league_n that_o be_v make_v with_o the_o neighbour_n prince_n a_o licence_n or_o freedom_n of_o that_o kind_n as_o also_o of_o port_n shore_n passage_n and_o other_o thing_n be_v so_o often_o allow_v by_o both_o party_n that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o league_n be_v in_o force_n the_o sea_n serve_v as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o common_a field_n as_o well_o for_o the_o foreiner_n that_o be_v in_o amity_n as_o for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n himself_o who_o be_v lord_n and_o owner_n but_o yet_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o league_n sometime_o the_o fish_n be_v restrain_v to_o certain_a limit_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n chief_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o limit_n relate_v both_o to_o place_n and_o time_n so_o that_o according_a to_o agreement_n the_o foreiner_n in_o amity_n may_v not_o fish_v beyond_o these_o limit_n the_o k._n of_o england_n retain_v a_o dominion_n over_o the_o whole_a adjoin_v sea_n touch_v this_o there_o be_v a_o notable_a example_n in_o the_o time_n of_o our_o henry_n the_o four_o a_o agreement_n be_v make_v betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o septemb_n england_n and_o france_n that_o the_o subject_n of_o both_o may_v free_o use_v fish_v throughout_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v bound_v on_o this_o side_n by_o the_o port_n of_o scarborough_n &_o southampton_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n by_o the_o coast_n of_o flanders_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n seine_n the_o time_n also_o be_v limit_v betwixt_o autumn_n &_o the_o kalend_n of_o januarie_n follow_v and_o that_o the_o french_a may_v secure_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o agreement_n our_o king_n direct_v letter_n to_o that_o end_n unto_o all_o his_o sea-captain_n and_o commander_n here_o you_o see_v plain_o those_o limit_n whole_o exclude_v the_o french_a from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o lie_v towards_o the_o west_n and_o south-west_n and_o also_o from_o that_o which_o lie_v north_n east_n of_o they_o 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either_o by_o agreement_n make_v upon_o treaty_n or_o by_o leave_v obtain_v qualification_n be_v add_v according_a to_o the_o english_a king_n pleasure_n there_o be_v among_o the_o record_n of_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o a_o inscription_n pro_fw-la hominibus_fw-la hollandiae_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o the_o man_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n and_o friesland_n to_o have_v leave_v to_o fish_v near_o jernemuth_n the_o king_n letter_n for_o their_o 5._o protection_n follow_v we_o thus_o the_o king_n to_o his_o belove_a and_o trusty_n john_n de_fw-fr buteturte_fw-fr warden_n of_o his_o port_n de_fw-fr jernemuth_n greeting_n for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o have_v be_v certify_v that_o many_o man_n out_o of_o the_o part_n of_o holland_n zealand_n and_o friesland_n also_o who_o be_v in_o amity_n with_o we_o intend_v now_o to_o come_v and_o fish_v in_o our_o sea_n near_o jernemuth_n we_o command_v you_o that_o you_o cause_v public_a proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v once_o or_o twice_o every_o week_n that_o no_o person_n whatsoëver_o employ_v abroad_o in_o our_o service_n presume_v to_o cause_v any_o injury_n trouble_n damage_n hindrance_n or_o grievance_n to_o be_v do_v unto_o they_o but_o rather_o when_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n that_o you_o give_v they_o advice_n and_o assistance_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o they_o may_v fish_v and_o pursue_v their_o own_o advantage_n without_o any_o let_v or_o impediment_n in_o testimony_n whereof_o we_o have_v cause_v these_o our_o letter_n to_o be_v make_v patent_n to_o continue_v in_o force_n till_o after_o the_o feast_n of_o st_n martin_n next_o ensue_v witness_v the_o king_n at_o wengham_n the_o xxviii_o day_n of_o september_n which_o be_v in_o the_o xxiii_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o of_o our_o lord_n mccxcv_o the_o same_o day_n also_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o â—arl_n of_o holland_n and_o his_o subject_n he_o set_v forth_o three_o man_n of_o war_n towards_o the_o far_a coast_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o safeguard_n as_o he_o say_v in_o another_o letter_n of_o those_o uessel_n belong_v to_o your_o and_o our_o own_o country_n that_o be_v in_o these_o day_n employ_v about_o the_o herring_n fish_v &c._n &c._n and_o to_o guard_v your_o coast_n near_o the_o sea_n here_o he_o grant_n a_o protection_n to_o fish_n and_o in_o both_o the_o letter_n he_o limit_n it_o within_o the_o space_n of_o two_o month_n he_o alone_o also_o protect_v the_o fisherman_n upon_o the_o geâ—man_a coast_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o nearness_n he_o call_v here_o your_o coast_n near_o the_o sea_n in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o holland_n as_o well_o as_o upon_o the_o english_a nor_o may_v the_o fisherman_n use_v any_o other_o kind_n of_o vessel_n but_o that_o which_o be_v prescribe_v by_o our_o king_n upon_o which_o account_n all_o kind_n of_o fish_v be_v sometime_o prohibit_v and_o sometime_o admit_v this_o restriction_n only_o be_v add_v that_o they_o shall_v fish_v in_o such_o vessel_n only_o as_o be_v under_o thirty_o tun_n burden_n this_o appear_v by_o those_o letter_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o concern_v the_o law_n of_o fish_v which_o be_v direct_v unto_o his_o several_a governor_n of_o yarmouth_n scarborough_n whitby_n and_o donwich_n town_n seat_v upon_o the_o eastern_a shore_n the_o word_n be_v these_o 35._o forasmuch_o as_o we_o have_v give_v licence_n to_o the_o fisherman_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a town_n and_z to_z other_o who_o shall_v be_v willing_a to_o come_v unto_o the_o say_a town_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o fish_v that_o they_o may_v fish_v and_o make_v their_o own_o advantage_n with_o ship_n and_o boat_n under_o thirty_o tun_n burden_n any_o prohibition_n or_o command_v of_o we_o whatsoever_o to_o the_o contrary_a notwithstanding_o we_o command_v you_o to_o permit_v the_o fisherman_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a
and_o other_o as_o well_o stranger_n as_o native_n enemy_n as_o well_o as_o friend_n may_v free_o lawful_o and_o without_o peril_n go_v unto_o pass_z to_z and_o fro_o and_o frequent_v the_o say_a isle_n and_o the_o place_n upon_o the_o coast_n thereof_o with_o their_o ship_n merchandise_n and_o good_n as_o well_o for_o shelter_v from_o foul_a weather_n as_o upon_o any_o other_o their_o lawful_a occasion_n and_o there_o to_o use_v free_a commerce_n and_o traffic_n and_o to_o abide_v with_o safety_n and_o security_n and_o to_o come_v away_o thence_o and_o return_v at_o pleasure_n without_o any_o damage_n trouble_n or_o hostility_n whatsoëver_o in_o their_o affair_n merchandise_n good_n or_o body_n and_o that_o not_o only_o near_o the_o island_n and_o place_n aforesaid_a upon_o the_o coast_n and_o their_o precinct_n but_o also_o within_o the_o space_n distant_a from_o they_o as_o far_o as_o a_o man_n may_v ken_v that_o be_v so_o far_a as_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o eye_n can_v attain_v and_o this_o be_v call_v a_o privilege_n which_o you_o see_v extend'_v so_o far_o into_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o eye_n can_v pierce_v from_o the_o shore_n and_o if_o so_o be_v this_o privilege_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o they_o be_v lord_n both_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o isle_n and_o by_o the_o same_o right_n that_o the_o isle_n themselves_o belong_v to_o they_o as_o have_v be_v say_v xix_o before_o it_o can_v in_o reason_n be_v imagine_v from_o whence_o it_o have_v its_o original_n there_o be_v not_o so_o far_o as_o we_o know_v so_o much_o as_o a_o pretence_n of_o a_o grant_v make_v by_o any_o other_o prince_n but_o only_o by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o unless_o themselves_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v about_o by_o what_o title_n and_o authority_n do_v they_o ordain_v such_o a_o truce_n so_o far_o within_o the_o sea_n on_o every_o side_n between_o enemy_n of_o all_o nation_n whatsoëver_o that_o come_v unto_o those_o island_n but_o as_o our_o king_n have_v very_o often_o command_v that_o all_o manner_n of_o person_n shall_v cease_v from_o hostility_n not_o only_o within_o the_o aforesaid_a creek_n but_o also_o throughout_o the_o space_n extend_v thence_o at_o pleasure_n into_o their_o territory_n by_o sea_n so_o in_o like_a manner_n they_o indulge_v the_o like_a kind_n of_o privilege_n for_o ever_o throughout_o these_o coast_n of_o the_o french_a shore_n that_o all_o manner_n of_o person_n though_o enemy_n to_o one_o another_o may_v secure_o sail_v to_o and_o fro_o as_o it_o be_v under_o the_o wing_n of_o a_o arbiter_n or_o moderator_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o also_o free_o use_v the_o sea_n according_a to_o such_o space_n or_o limit_n as_o they_o be_v please_v at_o first_o to_o appoint_v which_o without_o doubt_n be_v a_o clear_a evidence_n of_o dominion_n certain_a public_a record_n wherein_o of_o old_a the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o the_o way_n asscribe_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n both_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o also_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n debate_v of_o other_o matter_n and_o that_o in_o express_a word_n and_o with_o very_o great_a deliberation_n as_o a_o know_a and_o most_o undoubted_a right_n chap._n xxiii_o i_o shall_v next_o of_o all_o cite_v several_a public_a record_n which_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n wherein_o the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o the_o way_n express_o assert_v as_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o that_o both_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o as_o also_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n as_o they_o be_v debate_v about_o other_o matter_n for_o that_o be_v the_o sixth_o head_n of_o the_o former_a division_n king_n edward_n the_o three_o intitle_n himself_o and_o his_o predecessor_n lord_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v round_o about_o in_o the_o several_a commission_n give_v to_o geoffry_n de_fw-fr say_v governor_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o southern_a and_o western_a sea_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr norwich_n of_o the_o northern_a the_o limit_n of_o distinction_n beginning_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o thames_n out_o of_o which_o record_v we_o here_o set_v down_o theform_v which_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v consider_v so_o far_o as_o it_o make_v to_o this_o purpose_n 16._o the_o king_n to_o his_o belove_a and_o trusty_n geoffry_n de_fw-fr say_v admiral_n of_o his_o fleet_n of_o ship_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n thames_n towards_o the_o western_a part_n greeting_n whereas_o we_o have_v of_o late_o command_v you_o by_o our_o letter_n that_o you_o together_o with_o certain_a ship_n out_o of_o the_o cinque-port_n which_o we_o have_v order_v to_o be_v furnish_v and_o make_v ready_a for_o war_n according_a to_o our_o command_n shall_v set_v forth_o to_o sea_n to_o oppose_v and_o resist_v certain_a galley_n provide_v and_o enforce_v with_o man_n of_o war_n in_o divers_a foreign_a part_n which_o as_o we_o be_v inform_v be_v set_v out_o towards_o the_o part_n of_o our_o dominion_n to_o aggriev_n we_o and_o our_o people_n or_o else_o to_o turn_v their_o course_n towards_o the_o coast_n of_o scotland_n for_o the_o relief_n and_o succour_n of_o our_o enemy_n there_o and_o in_o regard_n it_o have_v be_v relate_v by_o some_o that_o galley_n of_o that_o kind_n to_o the_o number_n of_o xxvi_o be_v new_o come_v to_o the_o coast_n of_o bretaign_n and_o normandy_n and_o do_v still_o abide_v there_o as_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o do_v what_o mischief_n they_o can_v against_o we_o and_o we_o or_o to_o succour_v our_o say_a enemy_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a we_o call_v to_o mind_n that_o our_o progenitor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v before_o these_o time_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n on_o every_o side_n yea_o and_o defender_n thereof_o against_o the_o invasion_n of_o enemy_n and_o see_v it_o will_v very_o much_o grieve_v we_o if_o our_o kingly_a honour_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o defence_n shall_v which_o god_n forbid_v be_v lose_v in_o our_o time_n or_o in_o any_o sort_n diminish_v and_o desire_v with_o god_n help_n to_o prevent_v danger_n of_o this_o nature_n and_o provide_v for_o the_o safeguard_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o our_o subject_n and_o to_o restrain_v the_o malice_n of_o our_o eenemy_n we_o do_v therefore_o strict_o require_v and_o charge_v you_o by_o the_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n wherein_o you_o stand_v bind_v according_a to_o the_o special_a trust_n repose_v in_o you_o that_o immediate_o upon_o sight_n of_o these_o present_n and_o without_o any_o far_a delay_n you_o do_v set_v forth_o to_o sea_n with_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o port_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o other_o ship_n which_o be_v now_o ready_a and_o that_o you_o arrest_v the_o other_o ship_n in_o obedience_n to_o our_o command_n which_o we_o late_o require_v you_o to_o arrest_v but_o so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v ready_a and_o provide_v to_o set_v forth_o according_a to_o our_o aforesaid_a command_n see_v we_o cause_v the_o master_n and_o mariner_n of_o the_o same_o ship_n to_o be_v prepare_v and_o gather_v together_o whether_o they_o be_v within_o your_o liberty_n or_o without_o and_o to_o cause_v they_o be_v well_o provide_v of_o man_n of_o war_n and_o other_o necessary_n to_o hasten_v out_o to_o sea_n with_o the_o aforesaid_a ship_n and_o that_o with_o all_o diligence_n you_o make_v search_v after_o the_o aforesaid_a galley_n and_o other_o ship_n of_o war_n abroad_o against_o we_o and_o stout_o and_o manful_o set_v upon_o they_o if_o they_o shall_v presume_v to_o bend_v their_o course_n for_o the_o end_n aforesaid_a towards_o the_o part_n of_o our_o dominion_n or_o the_o coast_n of_o scotland_n and_o if_o they_o steal_v away_o from_o you_o so_o that_o you_o can_v meet_v with_o they_o than_o you_o be_v with_o the_o aforesaid_a ship_n of_o our_o fleet_n without_o any_o delay_n to_o follow_v after_o the_o same_o galley_n and_o ship_n of_o war_n set_v out_o against_o we_o if_o they_o shall_v make_v towards_o our_o kingdom_n or_o the_o coast_n â—f_n scotland_n aforesaid_a and_o courageous_o to_o destroy_v they_o for_o the_o conservation_n of_o our_o royal_a honour_n but_o yet_o we_o will_v not_o that_o you_o occasion_n any_o hurt_n or_o hindrance_n to_o merchant_n or_o other_o pass_v by_o sea_n who_o have_v no_o intention_n to_o offend_v we_o and_o our_o subject_n or_o to_o succour_v our_o enemy_n then_o follow_v we_o a_o power_n to_o press_v seaman_n and_o some_o other_o matter_n of_o that_o kind_n the_o day_n also_o and_o authority_n be_v subscribe_v after_o this_o manner_n witness_v the_o king_n at_o the_o town_n of_o s_o t_o john_n the_o sixteenth_o day_n of_o august_n by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o
his_o council_n the_o like_a commission_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o by_o the_o same_o time_n and_o by_o the_o same_o authority_n give_v to_o john_n de_fw-fr norwich_n admiral_n of_o the_o northern_a part_n in_o the_o prefer_n of_o a_o certain_a bill_n also_o in_o parliament_n which_o be_v the_o voice_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o same_o edward_n we_o find_v that_o he_o be_v usual_o account_v and_o style_v king_n or_o sovereign_a of_o the_o sea_n by_o all_o nation_n the_o word_n be_v 20._o qe_v xx_o ans_fw-fr passez_fw-fr &_o toutdiz_fw-fr adevant_n la_o navy_n de_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roialme_n estoit_fw-fr en_fw-fr touz_v portz_fw-fr &_o bone_n villes_n sur_fw-fr mire_n &_o sur_fw-fr riviers_fw-mi si_fw-mi noble_a &_o si_fw-mi plentinouse_a qe_v touz_v les_fw-fr pais_fw-fr tâ—noâ—ent_fw-fr &_o appelloyenâ—_n nostre_fw-fr avantdit_fw-fr seignieur_n le_z roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mier_n &_o tout_fw-fr son_n pay_v dotoyent_n le_fw-fr pluis_fw-it per_fw-la mire_n &_o per_fw-la terre_fw-fr per_fw-la cause_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr navy_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v translate_v out_o of_o the_o old_a norman_a speak_v to_o this_o effect_n that_o the_o english_a be_v ever_o in_o the_o age_n past_o renown_a for_o sea_n affair_n in_o all_o country_n near_o the_o sea_n and_o they_o have_v also_o so_o numerous_a a_o navy_n that_o the_o people_n of_o all_o country_n esteem_v and_o call_v our_o king_n the_o king_n or_o sovereign_a of_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o notable_a testimony_n touch_v this_o business_n in_o the_o parlament-record_n of_o henry_n the_o five_o where_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o bill_n run_v as_o be_v usual_a after_o this_o manner_n item_n priont_fw-fr les_fw-fr 6._o commons_n que_fw-fr per_fw-la lou_z nostre_fw-fr tressoverain_a seigneur_fw-fr le_z roy_fw-fr et_fw-fr sesse_n nobles_n progenitor_n de_fw-fr tout_fw-fr temps_fw-fr on_o it_o este_fw-fr signior_n deal_v mere_a &_o over_o par_fw-fr lâ—_n grace_n de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr est_fw-fr venuz_fw-fr que_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr dit_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr est_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr des_fw-fr cost_n d'_fw-fr ambeparty_n deal_v mere_a d'_fw-fr ordeigner_n sur_fw-fr tout_fw-fr estrangers_n passant_n per_fw-mi my_o le_fw-fr dit_fw-fr mere_a tiel_n imposition_n all_o oep_v nostre_fw-fr dit_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr à _fw-fr prendre_fw-fr que_fw-fr à _fw-fr luy_fw-fr semblera_fw-fr reasonable_a pur_fw-mi la_fw-fr sauvegarde_n del_fw-it dite_fw-fr mere_a that_o be_v to_o sâ—â—_n item_n the_o commons_o do_v pray_v that_o see_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o illustrious_a progenitor_n have_v ever_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o now_o that_o through_o god_n gtace_n it_o be_v so_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o shore_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n such_o a_o tribute_n may_v be_v impose_v upon_o all_o stranger_n pass_v through_o the_o say_a sea_n for_o the_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n as_o may_v seem_v agreeable_a to_o reason_n for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o say_v sea_n the_o answer_v subscribe_v to_o this_o bill_n be_v soit_fw-fr advise_v par_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr that_o be_v let_v the_o king_n himself_o be_v advise_v of_o it_o for_o the_o king_n reside_v in_o france_n at_o that_o time_n be_v lord_n of_o that_o country_n by_o inheritance_n and_o conquest_n and_o humphrey_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n be_v precedent_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v then_o keeper_n or_o lieutenant_n of_o england_n by_o who_o as_o the_o king_n deputy_n this_o kind_n of_o answer_n be_v usual_o give_v to_o bill_n as_o often_o as_o a_o assent_n to_o they_o be_v delay_v but_o when_o the_o king_n be_v present_a in_o person_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr s'_fw-fr advisera_fw-la the_o k._n will_v advise_v serve_v in_o stead_n of_o a_o answer_n from_o ancient_a down_o to_o the_o present_a time_n in_o such_o bill_n as_o be_v not_o pass_v into_o acts._n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o those_o bill_n to_o which_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o have_v give_v their_o assent_n before_o that_o be_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n which_o be_v here_o especial_o to_o be_v consider_v for_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o according_a to_o custom_n no_o answer_n be_v give_v either_o by_o the_o king_n or_o in_o the_o king_n name_n to_o any_o parlamentarie_a bill_n before_o that_o the_o bill_n whether_o it_o be_v bring_v in_o first_o by_o the_o lord_n or_o by_o the_o commons_o have_v pass_v both_o house_n as_o it_o be_v know_v to_o all_o that_o be_v verse_v in_o the_o affair_n and_o record_n of_o parliament_n and_o when_o the_o name_n of_o either_o of_o they_o be_v leave_v out_o in_o the_o draught_n of_o the_o bill_n as_o the_o lord_n be_v in_o that_o before_o allege_v it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v supply_v as_o it_o be_v also_o at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o brief_a form_n of_o assent_n which_o be_v add_v by_o that_o house_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v send_v and_o transmit_v for_o that_o house_n which_o first_o prefer_v it_o transmit_n it_n to_o the_o other_o who_o either_o give_v we_o a_o assent_v or_o reject_n it_o and_o when_o both_o house_n have_v so_o give_v their_o assent_n then_o after_o a_o while_n either_o the_o king_n give_v we_o his_o assent_n whereby_o it_o becom'_v a_o act_n or_o law_n or_o else_o he_o laie'_v it_o aside_o and_o as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v take_v time_n to_o advise_v neither_o of_o which_o be_v ever_o do_v by_o the_o king_n according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o parliament_n till_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o have_v first_o give_v their_o assent_n but_o the_o whole_a form_n of_o the_o aforementioned_a bill_n which_o be_v full_a of_o all_o kind_n of_o story_n concern_v thing_n transact_v in_o parliament_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o very_a schedule_n annex_v to_o the_o bill_n wherein_o the_o form_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o assent_n be_v wont_v express_o to_o be_v add_v and_o register_v according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o record_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n wherein_o it_o be_v at_o first_o exhibit_v no_o express_a mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o assent_n both_o of_o lord_n and_o commons_o which_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o form_n for_o the_o assent_n of_o both_o sufficient_o appear_v in_o that_o according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v so_o present_v to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o king_n assent_n only_o or_o intent_n of_o deliberation_n be_v add_v by_o way_n of_o subscription_n as_o i_o have_v show_v but_o most_o of_o those_o schedule_n annex_v to_o that_o kind_n of_o bill_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o more_o ancient_a time_n be_v lose_v whereas_o notwithstanding_o the_o record_n wherein_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v register_v have_v be_v careful_o preserve_v in_o the_o tower_n for_o above_o ccc_o year_n all_o which_o we_o think_v meet_v to_o mention_v here_o to_o the_o end_n that_o in_o the_o bill_n before_o allege_v out_o of_o the_o parlamentarie_a record_n of_o henry_n the_o five_o these_o three_o thing_n may_v be_v observe_v which_o make_v very_o much_o to_o the_o point_n in_o hand_n first_o that_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o ancestor_n that_o be_v to_o say_v both_o house_n of_o lord_n and_o commons_o be_v well-informed_n of_o the_o matter_n perhaps_o by_o some_o ancient_a testimony_n whereof_o we_o be_v bereave_v by_o the_o injury_n of_o time_n do_v with_o one_o consent_n affirm_v it_o as_o a_o thing_n unquestionable_a that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o appear_v also_o in_o that_o former_a record_n which_o relate_n to_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o for_o both_o the_o bill_n be_v place_v alike_o in_o the_o aforesaid_a record_n second_o that_o the_o sea_n whereof_o they_o speak_v be_v the_o whole_a that_o flow'_v between_o france_n and_o england_n for_o they_o say_v in_o express_a term_n that_o king_n henry_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v at_o that_o time_n lord_n des_fw-fr cost_n d_o ambâ—parties_n deal_v mere_a that_o be_v of_o the_o coast_n or_o shore_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o those_o that_o include_v the_o sea_n on_o both_o side_n which_o can_v be_v understand_v of_o any_o other_o or_o great_a sea_n than_o of_o that_o which_o be_v mention_v there_o immediate_o before_o and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n to_o be_v take_v of_o that_o whole_a sea_n three_o that_o those_o estate_n do_v not_o question_v but_o that_o tribute_n may_v be_v impose_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n upon_o all_o stranger_n whatsoëver_o wheresoëver_o they_o pass_v through_o this_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o custom_n in_o port_n and_o that_o they_o do_v not_o at_o all_o conceiv_n that_o a_o bill_n ought_v
to_o be_v present_v touch_v that_o business_n unto_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n king_n of_o france_n but_o only_o as_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v as_o lord_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v between_o and_o it_o be_v very_o improbable_a and_o not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v admit_v that_o they_o will_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n for_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o use_v to_o debate_v such_o matter_n a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o pass_v a_o bill_n that_o they_o will_v i_o say_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n require_v a_o impose_v of_o custom_n by_o the_o act_n of_o a_o english_a parliament_n in_o a_o place_n that_o be_v not_o subject_a as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o king_n of_o england_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o our_o present_a king_n charles_n do_v this_o last_o year_n declare_v that_o himself_o and_o his_o progenitor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v in_o all_o time_n hitherto_o by_o a_o ancient_a and_o most_o just_a title_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o his_o 1634._o letter_n patent_n send_v to_o the_o maritime_a county_n of_o england_n whereby_o ship-monie_n be_v impose_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o dominion_n by_o sea_n add_v moreover_o hereunto_o that_o in_o the_o agreement_n make_v betwixt_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n about_o the_o wear_n of_o colors_z or_o flag_n in_o every_o ship_n and_o punish_v offender_n by_o sea_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n be_v call_v londinensi_fw-la admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n du_fw-fr dict_z roy_fw-fr d_o engleterre_fw-fr or_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n other_o testimony_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o record_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n which_o i_o shall_v discourse_n of_o in_o the_o next_o place_n and_o after_o that_o concern_v the_o testimony_n of_o foreiner_n of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v chap._n xxiv_o the_o seven_o of_o those_o head_n according_a to_o the_o former_a division_n which_o manifest_a the_o aforesaid_a dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n relate_n to_o our_o law-book's_a and_o the_o receive_a custom_n therein_o which_o prove_v it_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v also_o in_o they_o many_o particular_n that_o may_v relate_v hereunto_o which_o be_v explain_v now_o and_o then_o touch_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o english_a admiralty_n and_o other_o thing_n already_o handle_v but_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v use_v either_o the_o determination_n and_o commentary_n of_o our_o own_o lawyer_n or_o chief_o such_o court-record_n as_o explain_v their_o opinion_n i_o confess_v indeed_o in_o some_o of_o the_o author_n of_o our_o law_n who_o write_v above_o cccl_o year_n ago_o or_o thereabouts_o after_o they_o have_v as_o the_o manner_n than_o be_v read_v through_o the_o civil_a law_n also_o they_o be_v so_o strict_a in_o follow_v those_o determination_n word_n for_o word_n which_o they_o find_v concern_v the_o sea_n in_o that_o law_n that_o when_o they_o treat_v the_o acquirendo_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la of_o the_o manner_n of_o acquire_v the_o dominion_n of_o thing_n they_o tranfer_v they_o into_o their_o own_o writing_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o henry_n bracton_n who_o be_v a_o very_a famous_a lawyer_n at_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o say_v 6._o naturali_fw-la jure_fw-la communia_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la haec_fw-la aqua_fw-la profluens_fw-la aër_fw-la &_o mare_n &_o litora_fw-la maris_fw-la quasi_fw-la maris_fw-la accessoria_fw-la by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v common_a run_v water_n the_o aër_fw-la and_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o accessory_n or_o dependent_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o aedificia_fw-la si_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr five_o in_fw-la litore_fw-la posita_fw-la fuerint_fw-la aedificantium_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la if_o building_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o shore_n they_o become_v they_o that_o build_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o a_o little_a after_o jus_fw-la piscandi_fw-la omnibus_fw-la common_a est_fw-la in_o portu_fw-la &_o in_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la a_o right_a of_o fish_v be_v common_a to_o all_o in_o a_o haven_n and_o in_o rivers_n which_o we_o find_v likewise_o in_o purchas_n some_o other_o of_o our_o law-book_n of_o that_o age_n as_o a_o passage_n that_o fall_v from_o some_o writer_n of_o who_o i_o speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o former_a book_n that_o be_v more_o affect_v than_o be_v meet_v with_o the_o word_n of_o ulpian_n and_o justinian_n in_o the_o general_a division_n of_o thing_n but_o these_o very_a man_n in_o other_o place_n show_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n do_v sufficient_o admit_v the_o king_n dominion_n by_o sea_n for_o bracton_n himself_o afterward_o speak_v of_o they_o that_o by_o the_o king_n grace_n and_o favour_n 57_o quieti_fw-la sint_fw-la de_fw-la theolonio_n &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la dandis_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la &_o mari_fw-fr &_o per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v exempt_v from_o pay_v toll_n and_o custom_n throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o land_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n both_o by_o land_n and_o by_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o same_o king_n time_n a_o freedom_n from_o some_o payment_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o so_o bracton_n when_o he_o return_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n no_o less_o than_o the_o land_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v also_o that_o inter_fw-la capitula_fw-la coronae_fw-la as_o they_o call_v they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o article_n or_o chief_a head_n whereof_o enquiry_n be_v to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n by_o judge_n delegated_a throughout_o england_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n we_o find_v this_o also_o de_fw-fr purpresturis_fw-la factis_fw-la super_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_n etc._n etc._n of_o tenant_n pourpresture_n make_v upon_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n either_o on_o land_n or_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o sweet_a water_n either_o within_o the_o liberty_n or_o without_o or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n whatsoëver_o and_o it_o be_v place_v among_o the_o article_n of_o this_o kind_n recite_v by_o a._n bracton_n himself_o and_o in_o the_o 20._o author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v fleta_n but_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n we_o call_v those_o thing_n pourpresture_n whereby_o detriment_n be_v do_v to_o any_o public_a place_n belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o public_a thoroughfare_n a_o river_n and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o ordinary_a article_n touch_v pourpresture_n in_o the_o general_a form_n of_o enquiry_n the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o king_n no_o less_o than_o of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_n and_o river_n agreeable_a hereto_o be_v that_o article_n about_o any_o kind_n of_o salt-water_n be_v enclose_v by_o any_o subject_n or_o possess_v in_o any_o other_o manner_n which_o in_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o our_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o disherison_n of_o the_o king_n the_o word_n be_v there_o 33._o item_n soit_fw-fr enquis_fw-la de_fw-fr ceulx_fw-fr qui_fw-fr acrochent_fw-fr à _fw-fr eulx_fw-fr eaves_n salee_v en_fw-fr desheretison_fw-fr du_fw-fr roy._n and_o at_o this_o day_n enquiry_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v about_o that_o business_n by_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n robert_n belknap_n also_o a_o eminent_a judge_n in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o 46._o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o english_a kingdom_n or_o of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n his_o word_n in_o the_o norman_a tongue_n run_v thus_o le_fw-fr mere_a est_fw-fr del_fw-it ligeans_n del_o roy_n come_v de_fw-fr son_fw-fr corone_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr he_o add_v to_o his_o word_n in_o a_o remarkable_a way_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n or_o as_o belong_v
to_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o england_n to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o man_n may_v question_v whether_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n or_o of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n or_o of_o any_o other_o province_n in_o france_n another_o also_o who_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o say_v it_o have_v be_v receive_v by_o ancient_a custom_n that_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n lie_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_z of_o the_o british_a sea_n to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o pirate_n and_o to_o render_v the_o use_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_a who_o soil_n be_v within_o his_o patrimony_n safe_a for_o ship_n for_o he_o express_v himself_o in_o english_a thus_o 51._o the_o king_n of_o the_o old_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n be_v bind_v as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o pirate_n and_o petit_fw-la robber_n of_o 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or_o quihte_a fish_n upon_o the_o coast_n or_o within_o the_o isle_n or_o out_o with_o the_o samen_n within_o the_o frithes_n bring_v they_o to_o free_a port_n etc._n etc._n where_o they_o may_v be_v sell_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o same_o kingdom_n quhairby_o his_o majesty_n custom_n be_v not_o defraud_v and_o his_o hienes_n liege_n not_z frustrate_v of_o the_o commodity_n appoint_v to_o they_o be_v god_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o confiscation_n and_o tynsel_n of_o the_o veschelle_n of_o they_o that_o cume_v in_o the_o contrair_a hereof_o and_o escheit_v of_o all_o their_o movable_a gudde_n to_o our_o sovereign_n lord_n use_v so_o that_o use_n and_o benefit_n be_v claim_v hence_o by_o a_o special_a right_n in_o that_o sea_n otherwise_o true_o that_o use_n and_o be_v fit_n will_v of_o right_n no_o more_o appertein_a either_o to_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n or_o his_o subject_n than_o to_o any_o other_o whomsoêver_o but_o the_o law_n be_v make_v concern_v all_o fisherman_n 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a_o perpetual_a peace_n inviolable_a friendship_n and_o firm_a concord_n in_o the_o follow_a form_n yea_o and_o that_o league_n be_v renew_v in_o the_o year_n mdxxiii_o by_o henry_n the_o eight_o of_o england_n and_o christiern_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n in_o the_o same_o form_n the_o right_a therefore_o be_v perpetual_a and_o transmit_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o k._n of_o england_n that_o the_o english_a shall_v have_v a_o free_a use_n of_o this_o more_o northerly_a sea_n belong_v to_o island_n but_o frequent_a ambassy_n notwithstanding_o pass_v on_o both_o side_n about_o that_o business_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o frederick_n the_o second_o and_o christiern_n the_o four_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o of_o elisabeth_n queen_n of_o england_n the_o dane_n allege_v that_o the_o english_a have_v no_o right_a to_o use_v this_o kind_n of_o liberty_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o that_o renew_v every_o seven_o year_n 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eminent_a port_n and_o city_n the_o time_n limit_v and_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o fish_v do_v plain_o import_v some_o former_a right_n but_o here_o i_o give_v you_o the_o form_n of_o the_o proclamation_n dorsâ—_n it_o be_v require_v that_o none_o of_o the_o liege_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n for_o certain_a cause_n special_o move_v our_o lord_n the_o king_n himself_o do_v for_o one_o year_n next_o ensue_v presume_v to_o go_v unto_o the_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n and_o especial_o towards_o the_o iste_fw-la of_o island_n for_o the_o cause_n of_o fish_v or_o any_o other_o occasion_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a kingdom_n otherwise_o than_o they_o be_v wont_v in_o ancient_a time_n it_o appear_v also_o by_o parlamentarie_a 33._o record_n of_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n that_o the_o english_a use_v fish_v in_o that_o sea_n very_o many_o year_n before_o but_o that_o league_n make_v at_o haderslabe_n 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