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england_n according_a acknowledge_v advantage_n 15 3 6.7678 4 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A43998 Leviathan, or, The matter, forme, and power of a common wealth, ecclesiasticall and civil by Thomas Hobbes ...; Leviathan Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679. 1651 (1651) Wing H2246; ESTC R17253 438,804 412

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as_o chilperique_n of_o france_n may_v be_v depose_v by_o a_o pope_n as_o pope_n zachary_n for_o no_o cause_n and_o his_o kingdom_n give_v to_o one_o of_o his_o subject_n that_o the_o clergy_n and_o regulars_n in_o what_o country_n soever_o shall_v be_v exempt_a from_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o their_o king_n in_o case_n criminal_a or_o who_o do_v not_o see_v to_o who_o profit_n redound_v the_o fee_n of_o private_a mass_n and_o vale_n of_o purgatory_n with_o other_o sign_n of_o private_a interest_n enough_o to_o mortify_v the_o most_o lively_a faith_n if_o as_o i_o say_v the_o civil_a magistrate_n and_o custom_n do_v not_o more_o sustain_v it_o than_o any_o opinion_n they_o have_v of_o the_o sanctity_n wisdom_n or_o probity_n of_o their_o teacher_n so_o that_o i_o may_v attribute_v all_o the_o change_n of_o religion_n in_o the_o world_n to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o cause_n and_o
therefore_o aristotle_n put_v it_o down_o in_o his_o politic_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 2._o in_o democracy_n liberty_n be_v to_o be_v suppose_v for_o it_o be_v common_o hold_v that_o no_o man_n be_v free_a in_o any_o other_o government_n and_o as_o aristotle_n so_o cicero_n and_o other_o writer_n have_v ground_v their_o civil_a doctrine_n on_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o be_v teach_v to_o hate_v monarchy_n at_o first_o by_o they_o that_o have_v depose_v their_o sovereign_n share_v among_o they_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o rome_n and_o afterward_o by_o their_o successor_n and_o by_o read_v of_o these_o greek_a and_o latin_a author_n man_n from_o their_o childhood_n have_v get_v a_o habit_n under_o a_o false_a show_n of_o liberty_n of_o favour_v tumult_n and_o of_o licentious_a control_a the_o action_n of_o their_o sovereign_n and_o again_o of_o control_v those_o controller_n with_o the_o effusion_n of_o so_o much_o blood_n as_o i_o think_v i_o may_v true_o say_v there_o be_v never_o any_o thing_n so_o dear_o buy_v as_o these_o western_a part_n have_v buy_v the_o learning_n of_o the_o greek_a and_o latin_a tongue_n to_o come_v now_o to_o the_o particular_n of_o the_o true_a liberty_n of_o a_o subject_a measure_v that_o be_v to_o say_v what_o be_v the_o thing_n which_o though_o command_v by_o the_o sovereign_n he_o may_v nevertheless_o without_o injustice_n refuse_v to_o do_v we_o be_v to_o consider_v what_o right_n we_o pass_v away_o when_o we_o make_v a_o commonwealth_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o what_o liberty_n we_o deny_v ourselves_o by_o own_v all_o the_o action_n without_o exception_n of_o the_o man_n or_o assembly_n we_o make_v our_o sovereign_n for_o in_o the_o act_n of_o our_o submission_n consist_v both_o our_o obligation_n and_o our_o liberty_n which_o must_v therefore_o be_v infer_v by_o argument_n take_v from_o thence_o there_o be_v no_o obligation_n on_o any_o man_n which_o arise_v not_o from_o some_o act_n of_o his_o own_o for_o all_o man_n equal_o be_v by_o nature_n freevill_n and_o because_o such_o argument_n must_v either_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o express_a word_n i_o authorize_v all_o his_o action_n or_o from_o the_o intention_n of_o he_o that_o submit_v himself_o to_o his_o power_n which_o intention_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o end_n for_o which_o he_o so_o submit_v the_o obligation_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a be_v to_o be_v derive_v either_o from_o those_o word_n or_o other_o equivalent_a or_o else_o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o institution_n of_o sovereignty_n namely_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o subject_n within_o themselves_o and_o their_o defence_n against_o a_o common_a enemy_n first_o therefore_o see_v sovereignty_n by_o institution_n be_v by_o covenant_n they_o of_o every_o one_o to_o every_o one_o and_o sovereignty_n by_o acquisition_n by_o covenant_n of_o the_o vanquish_a to_o the_o victor_n or_o child_n to_o the_o parent_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o every_o subject_a have_v liberty_n in_o all_o those_o thing_n the_o right_a whereof_o can_v by_o covenant_n be_v transfer_v i_o have_v show_v before_o in_o the_o 14._o chapter_n that_o covenant_n not_o to_o defend_v a_o man_n own_o body_n be_v void_a therefore_o if_o the_o sovereign_a command_n a_o man_n though_o just_o condemn_v to_o themselves_o kill_v wound_n or_o maim_n himself_o or_o not_o to_o resist_v those_o that_o assault_n he_o or_o to_o abstain_v from_o the_o use_n of_o food_n air_n medicine_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n without_o which_o he_o can_v live_v yet_o have_v that_o man_n the_o liberty_n to_o disobey_v if_o a_o man_n be_v interrogated_a by_o the_o sovereign_n or_o his_o authority_n concern_v a_o crime_n do_v by_o himself_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v without_o assurance_n of_o pardon_n to_o confess_v it_o because_o no_o man_n as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o same_o chapter_n can_v be_v oblige_v by_o covenant_n to_o accuse_v himself_o again_o the_o consent_n of_o a_o subject_a to_o sovereign_a power_n be_v contain_v in_o these_o word_n i_o authorize_v or_o take_v upon_o i_o all_o his_o action_n in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o restriction_n at_o all_o of_o his_o own_o former_a natural_a liberty_n for_o by_o allow_v he_o to_o kill_v i_o i_o be_o not_o bind_v to_o kill_v myself_o when_o he_o command_v i_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o say_v kill_v i_o or_o my_o fellow_n if_o you_o please_v another_o thing_n to_o say_v i_o will_v kill_v myself_o or_o my_o fellow_n it_o follow_v therefore_o that_o no_o man_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o word_n themselves_o either_o to_o kill_v himself_o or_o any_o other_o man_n and_o consequent_o that_o the_o obligation_n a_o man_n may_v sometime_o have_v upon_o the_o command_n of_o the_o sovereign_a to_o execute_v any_o dangerous_a or_o dishonourable_a office_n depend_v not_o on_o the_o word_n of_o our_o submission_n but_o on_o the_o intention_n which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o end_n thereof_o when_o therefore_o our_o refusal_n to_o obey_v frustrate_v the_o end_n for_o which_o the_o sovereignty_n be_v ordain_v then_o there_o be_v no_o liberty_n to_o refuse_v otherwise_o there_o be_v upon_o this_o ground_n a_o man_n that_o be_v command_v as_o a_o soldier_n to_o fight_v it_o against_o the_o enemy_n though_o his_o sovereign_n have_v right_o enough_o to_o punish_v his_o refusal_n with_o death_n may_v nevertheless_o in_o many_o case_n refuse_v without_o injustice_n as_o when_o he_o substitute_v a_o sufficient_a soldier_n in_o his_o place_n for_o in_o this_o case_n he_o desert_v not_o the_o service_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o there_o be_v allowance_n to_o be_v make_v for_o natural_a timorousness_n not_o only_o to_o woman_n of_o who_o no_o such_o dangerous_a duty_n be_v expect_v but_o also_o to_o man_n of_o feminine_a courage_n when_o army_n fight_v there_o be_v on_o one_o side_n or_o both_o a_o run_v away_o yet_o when_o they_o do_v it_o not_o out_o of_o treachery_n but_o fear_v they_o be_v not_o esteem_v to_o do_v it_o unjust_o but_o dishonourable_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n to_o avoid_v battle_n be_v not_o injustice_n but_o cowardice_n but_o he_o that_o inrowl_v himself_o a_o soldier_n or_o take_v impress_v money_n take_v away_o the_o excuse_n of_o a_o timorous_a nature_n and_o be_v oblige_v not_o only_o to_o go_v to_o the_o battle_n but_o also_o not_o to_o run_v from_o it_o without_o his_o captain_n leave_n and_o when_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n require_v at_o once_o the_o help_n of_o all_o that_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arm_n every_o one_o be_v oblige_v because_o otherwise_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o they_o have_v not_o the_o purpose_n or_o courage_n to_o preserve_v be_v in_o vain_a to_o resist_v the_o sword_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o defence_n of_o another_o man_n guilty_a or_o innocent_a no_o man_n have_v liberty_n because_o such_o liberty_n take_v away_o from_o the_o sovereign_n the_o mean_n of_o protect_v we_o and_o be_v therefore_o destructive_a of_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o government_n but_o in_o case_n a_o great_a many_o man_n together_o have_v already_o resist_v the_o sovereign_a power_n unjust_o or_o commit_v some_o capital_a crime_n for_o which_o every_o one_o of_o they_o expect_v death_n whether_o have_v they_o not_o the_o liberty_n then_o to_o join_v together_o and_o assist_v and_o defend_v one_o another_o certain_o they_o have_v for_o they_o but_o defend_v their_o life_n which_o the_o guilty_a man_n may_v as_o well_o do_v as_o the_o innocent_a there_o be_v indeed_o injustice_n in_o the_o first_o breach_n of_o their_o duty_n their_o bear_n of_o arm_n subsequent_a to_o it_o though_o it_o be_v to_o maintain_v what_o they_o have_v do_v be_v no_o new_a unjust_a act_n and_o if_o it_o be_v only_o to_o defend_v their_o person_n it_o be_v not_o unjust_a at_o all_o but_o the_o offer_n of_o pardon_n take_v from_o they_o to_o who_o it_o be_v offer_v the_o plea_n of_o self-defence_n and_o make_v their_o perseverance_n in_o assist_v or_o defend_v the_o rest_n unlawful_a as_o for_o other_o liberty_n they_o depend_v on_o the_o silence_n of_o the_o law_n in_o law_n case_n where_o the_o sovereign_n have_v prescribe_v no_o rule_n there_o the_o subject_n have_v the_o liberty_n to_o do_v or_o forbear_v according_a to_o his_o own_o discretion_n and_o therefore_o such_o liberty_n be_v in_o some_o place_n more_o and_o in_o some_o less_o and_o in_o some_o time_n more_o in_o other_o time_n less_o according_a as_o they_o that_o have_v the_o sovereignty_n shall_v think_v most_o convenient_a as_o for_o example_n there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o in_o england_n a_o man_n may_v enter_v in_o to_o his_o own_o land_n and_o dispossess_v such_o as_o wrongful_o possess_v it_o by_o force_n but_o in_o aftertime_n that_o liberty_n of_o forcible_n entry_n be_v take_v away_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v by_o the_o