them According to their Territories and Roialties that must be iudged although they differ not generally For Burggraue is a Count of a Burrough or City as Landtgraue of a Prouince In the later Eastern Empire 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from the Italian Conte is vsually for a Count. But in Letters sent from Ioachim Patriarch of Alexandria to a German Count hee is calld i Crus Turcograec lib. 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from Graue or Graffe They had their Counts whereof before But such as in more ancient ancient times were there known by that name about the Court were lately turnd into 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the name of Count chiefly comprehending those which were vnder the Great Duke Gouernor of the Marine forces mongst whom one was k Câ—ropâ—lat 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. the first or chief Count. But they were all Officiciarie more then Honorarie For France an old l Anthonie de la salle Chez L'Oyseau cap. 5. autor Le Comte est inuesty auec vn anneau de Diamant Which agrees wiâ—h that of Withur Count of Bretagne constituted by Childebert in his speech to Paule afterward Bishop of Leon. Praedictum saith m Vita Paul Leonensis Biblioth F'oriacens he Regem vbi adieris literas annulo ipsius quem mihi à se discedenti donauit signatas quasi tecum portabis ei mox praebebis Yet at this day they beare Coronets but onely on their Armories Of a Counts Coronet L'oyseau thus Celle des Comtes est perlée c'est à dire que le desus du diadem ou Bandeau est fait de Perles sans ascuns fleurons eminents In England vnder the Saxons were diuers which subscribe in old Charters by the name of Comites For one example out of infinit in a Charter of Beored King of Mercland made in DCCCLX to the Abbey of Crowland the subscription is after Bishops and Abbots Ego Ethelredus Rex West-Saxoniae assensum praebui ✚ Ego Alfredus frater Regis Westsaxoniae censensi ✚ Ego Edmundus Rex Estangliae procuraui ✚ Ego Edelredus Dux faui ✚ Ego Osbirtus annui ✚ Ego Algarus Comes istud deuotè fieri deprecans à Domino meo Rege gratiose impetraui ✚ Ego Wulkelnus Comes adiuui ✚ Ego Adelwlphus Comes concessi ✚ Ego Turgotus Comes consensi ✚ Ego Alcmundus Comes consideraui ✚ Ego Diga Comes interfui ✚ Ego Lefwinus Comes aspexi ✚ Ego Burkardus Comes conscripsi ✚ Ego Ascerus Comes affui ✚ Ego Thurstanus Comes stabiliui ✚ Ego Reinardus Comes consului ✚ Ego Tilbrandus Comes conscripsi ✚ and sometimes they haue the addition of their Counties as in a Charter more ancient of Ethelbald King of Mercland to the same Abbey Ego Egga Comes Lincolniae consilium dedi ✚ Ego Leucitus Comes Leicestriae assensum praebui ✚ And the the like How Dux and Comes agreed in those ancienter times is alreadie manifested and questionlesse no where was that confusion of names more then in our Saxons Latine Of their Eorle as it was also Dux somewhat is said which being then the supream title next after the Prince is interpreted both Dux and Comes n V. Autorem Reliquiarum in Eadgaro From Ear or Ar i. Honor and Arlic or Eorlic i. Honorable and that in Danish and some think the name came in with the Danes this Title hath its Origination The administration of Siward Comitis Northumbriae is presently after those words calld Ducatus in an old and o Malmesbur lib. 2. de Gest. Reg. cap. 13. iudicious Monk And Roger of Houeden speaking of Leofrique Earle of Chester calls him Leofricus Comes Leofwini Ducis filius and saies that Ducatum eius Henry of Huntingdon hath consulatum filius suus Algarus suscepit So Comitatus Estsaxoniae Comitatus Westsaxoniae Comitatus Eboracae and the like rememberd by Ingulph and Comes Merciorum Comes Magesetensium that is of those about Radnor and Comes Mediterraneorum in Houeden and Florence of Worcester might haue bin as properly stiled and perhaps more properly Ducatus and Duces being refer'd to Godwin Leofric Edgar and those which were Eoâ—leâ— and how familiar it is in those times to meet with Comes Normanniae for Dux Normanniae euery man knows that hath tasted our Stories and of it before But for those their Eorles whose name remaining in our Counts is fitly to be heer again spoken of they were both Officiary and Honorary hauing the gouernment of Prouinces and their title in some parts hereditarie as in Leicester and p V. Rog. de Houeden par 1. fol. 243. Northumberland and from them their wiues were stiled Countesses as with vs in the subscription to a Charter of Thorold of Bukenhale to the Abbey of Crowland is Ego Leofrieus Comes concessi Ego Godiua Comitissa shee was his wife diù istud desideraui ✚ These were the Ethelings whereof one in an old Latine translation of K. q Cap. 55. in edit Lambard v. supra vbi de Weregildo cap. 2. Knouts laws Qui fregerit plegium Archiepiscopi aut Reguli quem Angli vocant Aetheling III. libris emendet Neither were there with them any other created titles after the Prince or Etheling Honorary it seems but this of Eorle and their Thanes of whom in due place For where the Heregeates i. the Heriots of that age are set at a r Canut leg cap. 69. certaintie there are no other numberd The Heriot was what the Eorle or Thane paid his Lord or King in nature of a Relief and thence remains the name with vs in a different sence it being then only such things as were for martiall furniture as horses speares shields mony and the like And in a s Pat. 18. H. 6. membr 9. ch 12. Iuspeximus part 2. Charter of the Confessor for the possessions of Paules Edward King Gret Mine Besceops And Mine Eorles And Alle Mine Thegnes On Than Shiren Wher Mine Prestes In Paulus Minister Habband Land Eorles and Thanes are here only mentioned as if none els with Honorarie titles had any thing to do with territories Neither in that catalogue of Archbishops Eorles Bishops Ealdormen Holdes Hehgerefas Messethegnes and Werldthegnes and Ceorles in the laws of Athelstan is any Honorarie but meerly as he is Officiarie except the Eorle t Quod probari potest ex illo de Dignitatibus Monumento Saxonice edito à G. LaÌ„bardo in Itinerar Cantij and the Thegne or Thane For the Ceorle or or Churle was ignoble or the yeoman Yet it is most certaine that for Ealâ—oâ—man sometimes Comes is vsd An old law Gif hwa Leodbisceops oþþe Ealdormannes borh abrece gebete ê§ mid twam pundum it is anciently interpreted Qui fregerit plegium Episcopi aut Comitis II. libris emendet it 's part of that before cited touching
may weare a Crown who only a Cap. The beginning of this and that equall of Count in the French state The Counts of Holland and Flanders The Royalties of the ancient Dukes in France Their Crown The reuniting of those ancient Dukedomes and equall Counties to the Crown The later kind of French Dukes farre inferior to the ancient They beare their Crowns on their Armories only Whence the Crowns of Dukes Counts and the like came in fashion in these Western parts The Crowns of the Sebastocrator and Caesar. Appenage 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in a Charter of Edward III. The Ceremonie of inuesting our K. Iohn made Duke of Normandie When Dux came to be a speciall and distinct Title in France When in England The creation of the Black Pr. Duke of Cornwall A ring signe of Principalitie giuen and in Coronation of Kings Inuestitures of Bishops with Staffe or Rod and Ring When left off and remitted in the Empire and with vs. Error in Matthew Paris and Matth. of Westminster Bishoprickes to be giuen by the Kings letters patents without Conge d'eslier by act of Parliament Iohn of Gaunt made Duke of Lancaster the ceremonie and in making Tho. of Woodstock D. of Glocester The chief ceremonie at this day Dux in the Saxon times Duke of Northumberland by that name then hereditarie Dux then was properly their Eople Wergild What. Thrymsa The first Duke in Scotland First Dukes in Castile Ducall Crowns there Titles to be giuen to Dukes and their Grands by the Pragmatica L'oyseau's error concerning Dukes of England 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Duke in Moses and in the common assertion of the Rabbins CHAP. II. NExt to the apparant successor in the Europaean States are the Titles of Duke and Archduke Marquesse Count which we call Earle Vicount Vidame Baron and other more Of whom in their Order Two of them DVKE and COVNT Dux Comes haue their names most ancient but differing much from what they now are appli'd to Philip of Macedon hauing wasted the libertie of Greece seeing that a moderat vse of his victorie was fittest for establishment of his rights of Conquest ita vicit saith lustin vt victorem nemo sentiret Sed nec Regem se Graecis sed Ducem appellari iussit The like did Scipio Africanus in Spaine when Edecon and Andobal a Polyb. histor 10 saluted him King Of whom also b De Amicitia Cicero Quanta illi Dij immortales fuit grauitas quanta in Oratione Maiestas vt facilè Ducem P. R. non Comitem diceres And in another c Orat. pro Cornel Balbo place Si qui sunt quibus infinitum sit odium in quos semel susceptum sit quos video esse nonnullos cum Ducibus ipsis non cum Comitatu assectatoribúsque confligant In the Caesarean Empire Dux was next to Imperator The play of Ducatus Imperia like to our sports sometime vsd in making a Prince with all his officers and dignities was by that name d Sueton. in Ner. cap. 35. known in Rome which Trebellius Pollio calls fingere potestates And Martial e Lib. 6. Epig. 83. 91. salutes Domitian with summe Ducum and titles him summus Dux In like sense Iuvenal Statius others vse this great attribute which in the more ancient times you see plainly was much before Comes as the verie signification of the words shew Dux then properly was at first the Generall of an Armie vnder the Emperor Afterward it became vsually applied to such as had the militarie care of Frontiers As in Scythici limitis f Fl. Vopisc in Aureliano Dux Orientalis limitis Dux Illyriciani limitis Dux Thracij Rhetici limitis Dux g Trebell Poll. 30. Tyrann in Posthum in Celso huc sane referri potest quod de Legionibus quae limitibus praefuere sub antiquioris aeui Impp. habet Dio. hist. 55. Transrhenani limitis Dux limitis Lybici Dux and the like And Spartian sayes of Aelius Verus that he was Pannonijs Dux ac Rector impositus Their office it self was cald Ducatus In an Epistle of the Emperor Tacitus to Probus you read Nos tibi decretototius Orientis Ducatu salarium quintuplex fecimus And they had their Tunicae Ducales known by that name as in Valerians speech to Aurelian is remembred And Ducianum h Iustin. Cod. tit de appellat l. 51. quando 38. Iudicium in later time is vsd for iudgment giuen by them The precedent of their Commission as one by particular we are instructed thus i Cassiodor Var. 7. fox 4. spake Ideoque validum te ingenio ac viribus audientes per illam indictionem Ducatum tibi credimus Retiarum vt milites in pace regas cum eis fines nostros solenni alacritate circumeas But in those times Comites were great men such were in Comitatu Imperatoris of whom Constantine the great in his distinction of honours made some of the first Rank some of the second and some of a third 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is the same in the words of k Euseb. de vita Constantini 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 one that liu'd and wrote vnder him The forme of giuing the greatest of these honors is thus l Cassidor Variar lib. 6. cap. 12 deliuer'd Quocirca prouocati moribus tuis m Ita dictus Honos ille Graecis vero 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Comitiuam primi ordinis ab illa indictione maiestatis fauore largimur vt Consistorium nostrum sicut rogatus ingrederis ita moribus laudatus exornes quando vicinus honor est Illustribus dum alter medius non habetar Admoneat te certè quod suscepta Dignitas Primi Ordinis appellatione censetur vtique quia te sequuntur omnes qui Spectabilitatis honore decorantur So that a Count of the first rank seemes somewhat before a Duke of a Prouince yet both vnder the same generall note of Spectabiles comprehending both Dukes Counts of Prouinces and some other But these Counts being of the Spectabiles which were between the Illustres and Clarissimi imploid in militarie seruice or state gouernment abroad had the name of Comites n C. de off rect Prou. l. Iustissimos 3. per prouincias o C. de Com. Rei Mil. l. Eos 2. Consulas ad hanc rem Nouell Constit. 27. de Comite Isauriae qui sub Comitiuae primi Ordinis dignitate peculiariter ad quamlibet prouinciam vel prouincias defendendas milit e credito autoritate Imperatorij Nominis destinabantur The Graecians call'd the Counts of the first p Nouell 43. c. 3 rank 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But howsoeuer the difference of Duke and Count was at the first institution of the Comitiua vnder Constantine or about Iustinians time to which referre that of Cassidore it 's certain they became not long after Constantine equall Honorius and Theodosius in a Constitution Qui q C. de Com.
also Martiall Either then in imitation of other Nations was that name of Vicecomes applied to our Saxon Ealdormen and Shirifes because their offices were somewhat like Or els being constituted qui vicem iudicum siue Comitum gererent by the King were properly as the ancient and best sort of them in France so calld or as the U carij in the Declining Empire hauing no Superiors which constituted them but the King Howsoeuer the reason of the name giuen by Geruase of Tilburie is much deficient vnlesse in it by a nice construction you make him vse Comes in seuerall Notions He is calld Uicecomes saiâ—h he qued Vicem Comitis suppleat in placitis illis de quibus Comes ex suae Dignitatis ratione participat The errors of Polidore and such that begin our Shirifes at the Norman Conquest are not here worth speaking of or of those which say the word Vicecomes was not here in the Saxon Times But of it as it is with vs Officiarie thus much which I insert because of comparing our Office of that name to the like in France where the Honor proceeded originally from the Office For with vs the Honor and the Office haue no communitie Neither had we any of that Dignitie although the Office in some places hath been hereditary from ancient time vntill Henry VI. He in Parlament made by Patent Iohn of Beaumont Viscount of Beaumont with f Pat. 18. Hen. 6. part 2. memb 2. these words of inuestiture Nomen Vicecomitis de Beaumont Impominus ac ipsum insignijs Uicecomitis de Beaumont realiter inuestimus locumque in Parliamentis Concilijs alijs congregationibus nostris super Omnes Barones Regni nostri Angliae assignamus What those Insignia were then I know not but later time allows him a kind of Coronet without Point or Flowrs on a Cap of Furre But an old Autor g Anth. de la Salle chez L'oyseau des seig cap. 5. of France saies that Le Vicomte est inuesty auec vn verge d'or In Scotland the first Dignity by this name was in Thomas Lord Ereskin created Viscount Felton by our present Soueraigne their Iames the VI. Spain hath some of this Order and Name Twixt Vicount and Count in France is a speciall Dignitie of Princes They haue their names by reason of their Seigneuries erected into Principalities Baro in Cicero and Persius It s signification in Hirtius and old Glossaries Magnus Homo The true deriuation of Baro as it s now Honorarie Mall and Mollabergium Sagibaro Sake or Sach Wittiscalc Saccabor or Sathabor Plea de sakebere Sikerborgh Hondhabend Mainauer Barigild Baro for a man generally and Barones London and the like Ancient and late Barons of France Capitaneus Regis Barn or Beern for a man-child Baron for a husband where vsd Cheorlbearn Saxon Thanes A Saxon Monument of their Dignities Of Eoldormen again somewhat Canutus his Forest Laws misprinted Liberalis and Mediocris Homo A Hyde of Land Hydage and Caruage or Carucage A coniecture vpon Bracton Terra Hydata and non Hydata Minister Minister Regis Tainus The Relief or Heryot anciently in all Barkshire Viro Baro Minister Thanus But the name of Baron not in the Saxon times in England How Barons had their name then The book of Modus Ten. Parliamenti Barones and Pares Baronum Illustres equites Romanorum The Title of Prince not without Barons Barons to subiects and Barones Regis The Value of Reliefs of Dignities When they began certain for a Baronie A coniecture when the value of a Baronie began Court Baron Baronagium and Barnagium Bernage Baronie in our law for Seigneurie Tenere per Baroniam CCL Baronies reckond by Hen. III. His Ordinance touching what Barons should come to Parlament The ancientest sommons extant The Grand Charter first granted A Parlament held XVIII Hen. III. transcribd out of an obscure Roll touching Assises of Darrein Presentment Iuris Vtrum and Certificat of Bastardie with the Barons names subscribd And therein Bracton amended Barons by Writ and by Creation Those two sorts now only in being A respect to the Tenure per Baroniam after the allowing them only the title which were sommond Barons ratione Officij as Abbots and Bishops Chief Baron of England Barons calld Lord or Domini How in legall proceeding Lords Barons and Earles only by Curtesie and Court language Thanes of Scotland Stewarts Abthan The beginning of the Royall name of Stewart there Tosche Ochern The first mention of Barons in Scotish Monuments What their Baron is Pit and Gallows How the name is generally taken there Acts touching which of their Barons must come to Parlament Commissares of the Shire The difference of their Lords and Lairds The English and Scotish Parlamentarie Barons of a superior note then the French Los Ricos hombres Valuasores and Capitanei Regis vel Regni The Feudalls interpreted otherwise then the vulgar opinion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Valuasores minores Minimi Valuasini Vauasors in France Vauassouries Sommage 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vauasors in England Countors Subuasores in Scotland CHAP. VII NExt after Viscounts follow BARONS A title of frequent note in most parts of Christendom and about whose etymologie most disputation and inquirie is Barons are in some Countries in all anciently where they were at all Lords of their denominating Territorie with some Iudiciall gouernment but beneath the Dignities before spoken of both in largenes of Territorie and neernes to Soueraintie and how they differ in substance from other Titles in their Originall what wee shall say of Particular States will best discouer But first for the Name The word alone is very ancient and of pure Latine In Cicero you read a Epist. ad Attic lib. 9. Ep. 11. Apud Patronem reliquos Barones te in maxima gratia posui herculè merito tuo feci And in another place b De Finibus lib. 2. Haec cum loqueris nos Barones stupemus tu videlicet tecum ipse rides And two other passages in him as Elias Uinetus reads them haue Baro in the singular number where some of the publisht books haue and that most properly Verò the coniunction I will confesse that as yet I haue not throughly learnd what Barones signifies to Cicero in his first place yet I know some haue dar'd to think it there vsd as neer to what it now interprets in the Rank of Dignities They shall and may for me I cannot But in the second I am somewhat confident that if the Reading be not corrupt it is not vnfitly exprest into our word Block-head or the Latine Bardus The Text of Tully there iustifies it and a Satyrist that c Persius Satyr 5. vbi videsis Eliam Vinetum that liud vnder Nero by the correction of best Critiques according to best copies hath Iura Sed Iuppiter audiet Eheu Baro regustatum digito terebrare salinum Contentus perages si viuere cum Ioue tendis Where the old Scholiast Cornutus reads
anciently with vs 323. how among the Romans ibid. 329. when they came first hither 327. among the Iewes 328. in white wax in Praefat. Seleucia Bagded 93 Seriph or Seriffe 97 Seithi 97 Senior 110. 111 Serenitas Nostra 120 Sebastocrator 122. 156. 171. 197 Senoi Sansenoi Saminegeloph 165 Seigneurs Suzerains 207 Seneschal 244 Setar i. starra 328 Selefey in Sussex 301 Selden anciently Selkeden in Sussex 321 Sexhendman 334 Seruiens 335 Semiramis built not Babylon 8 Shinaghr 5. 32 Shach Sophi 105. 106 Shach Schach Saa c. 52. 111 Shooes with Eagles 155. See Red. Gilt Shooes 156. 157. See in Moon Shield-knaue 341 Shiregemote 225 Shrifes See Ealdorman and in VicecoÌ„ ViscouÌ„t in Bishops Sixtus Quintus his iest on himselfe for being born domo illustri in Praefat. Sihri 66 Sikerborgh 264 Sigillum Magnum and Sigillum Paruum 330 Siris whence so called the Riuer Nilus Sicilie Princes had Rex giuen them hereditarie 24 Skioldungi a Danish race 74 Soldan Saudan Sultan c. 94. 96. 383 Sophi whence in the Persian Title 107. and in whom first ibid. seq Sophi signifies not a Begger 108. See in Praefat. Sophilars a Sect. 106. 107 Souerraign Lord or Ladie 125 Somerset Earl 217 Sops of wine giuen in making an Earl 239. 240 Solidus duplex 204 Snowdon 215 Sommage and Somme 291 Sonnes of Noble Personages how some of them are accounted in Rank 284. 342 Solidati 335 Soldiers whence the name 335. 336 Spain See in Emperor and in Pragmatica in Dukes Earles Viscounts c. Spurres giuen in Knighthood 317 Spectabilis 383 Speaking or writing to Great Persons 116. 117. 119. 120. 121. seq See in Salutation Stafford Baron 283 Statues and Idolls how first worshipt 9 Stuart that name in Scotland when first Royall and whence 285 Starra the Iews written instruments of Contracts c. whence and where vsd 328 Sunne and its Images how worshipt by the Iews 10. by the Easterns Generall 11. and Persians 167 supposd with 12. beams 140. supposd in Astrologie President of Christianitie 166 Sultan See Soldan Sultan OleÌ„ i. Lord of the world 97 Sultan Gelal Eddin Melic Sa. 111. 112 Sublimitas 120 Sultanlar monie 112 Superiors speaking to Inferiors 114 Surname See Names Summon an Earl in his Countie 233 Summarius 291 Summagium 292 Subuasores 292 Sunni Schia 105 Sueuians old Prerogatiue in Praef. Suppani 381 Superillustris 383 Sword giuen in making a subiect King 29. For Sword see in Cinctura and Gladius and in Inuestiture of Dukes Count or Earl c. and in Knights Swearing See in Othes and in Cosmas Syro-Phoenician Graecian in S. Mark what 75 Synopsis Basilicon 21 Syncellus what 97 T TArtarean Empire 87. 89. 92 Taurica Chersonesus 91 Tangergoglan 93 Tanais 92 Tetragrammaton name of the Almightie whence and how pronounced among the Iews 50. 51 Teggiurlar 77. 381 Temerinda 90 Tenure of the Crown and of the King 266 Tenure of the I le of Man anciently 31. of the Tenants and Princes of the Empire 300 Templars might nos kisse a woman 373 Tecuytles 372 Tiberius his dissimulation 19. 20. he would not be calld Lord. 43. inclin'd to Christianitie 78 Themosis Pharaoh that was drowned in the Red sea 73 Thomas Apostle 88 Tiara what 144. what kind of one the King only wore 144. it was pulld off by the Persians in salutation 144 Thrymsa what 240 Thanes and Thegnes 225. 268. seq Thanus and Thainus 285. 272 Third part of the Counties profits to the Earls 229. 232. 233 Tiptofts rule 284 Thomas Becket See in Annointing and in Oile Timariots 380 Timaria 381 Tongues variation of the Europaean and Asiatique pronunciation 5. 6. Punique and Spanish 52. Hebrew and Maurish anciently the same 69. the Aethiopique Chalde 86. Slauonique and Tartarian 92 Tonosconcolerus 6 Tosch 285 Torniaments 321 Toga Virilis and the time of taking it 305 Truchten i. God or Lord. 61 Triumphall Ornaments whence 249 Tronagium granted 199 Trinoda Necessitas reserued alwayes in Saxon Feoffments 293 Tropaeophorus 364 Troplelophorus 364 Turks names 67. for them see in Mahumedans Turbant or Tulipant 144. 146. 147 Turkish Banner 378 Tzaophi i. Electus whence Sophi 107 Tzodki i a begger 108 Tzaggia and Tzaggae 342 V VAlecti 54. 321 Vashlu point how superstitious the Arabians are in reading it 102 Vacantes 184 Value of Dignities 232 Vaiuods 249. 382 Valuasores what â—65 289 Maiores Minores ibid. 290. 291. See in Vauasour Vauassories 291 Vauasours in France and England 292. and of England in 389. 390. whece the word 298 Valuasini 291 Vadiare legem amittere legem 344 Vassi Vassalli whence 297. 298. seq Velenno 10 Vezir Vezir azem 23. 377 Veromandia 71 Vitreus Ordinationis liber 135 Viennois See in Daulphin Viscounts whence and what in France 250. 251. his inuestiture 256. First in England and Scotland 256 Vicedominus 253. 254 Viguiers 251 Vicecomes whence so called for Shirife 252 Vicarius 252 Vidames whence 253 Virgata Terrae 272 Viro for Baro. 273 Villain knighted 318 Vlu Chan what 88. 89. 92 Vnchan or Vmcham 86. 87. 92 Vnction See in Annointing Volteius Mena Libertus to Pompey 325 Vrum Padischach i. the Emperor 103 Vsum Chasan 105 W W common with Qu. and Gu. 298 Wardships 54. See in Knights Wardships first in England Scotland 302 Wales See Prince 173 Walter Bishop of Ely 228 Werldthegnes what 225 White Kings 83 White in the Diadem proper to Kings 144. 145 Whitespurres 343 Wiltshire-mens Prerogatiue In Praefat. Witiscalc what 262 Wite 262. 263. 389 Wittenagemotes 226. 279 WisemeÌ„ of the East not Kings 108 Wife putting her away and taking her againe one of the execrations in the Mahumedans Oath 104 William Conqueror his arriuall and stumbling at the shore 34. his subiecting Church lands to the tenures 183 Will 11. his deniall of the Pope 26 Wight the Iles Kings 31 Worlds gouernment according to Hermes 3 Women and wiues called Dominae and Ladies 53 Women theeues drowned 286 Wooll 107 Worship and Worshipfull 124 Worshipfull Prince 124 X XA for Shach 111 Xeriph See in Seriph Y YEers See in Computation Z ZAga Zabo 85. 87 Zamer Chan. 91 Zabergan 91 Zelebi 381 Zosteria Minerua 311 Zuna 111 The end
man 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that first built Cities and Temples and was the first King on Earth Others of them tell of Lycosura r Pausan. lib. 8. in Arcadie to be the first Citie erected vnder heauen Nay some of later s Constant Manasses in Annalibus times and Christians haue translated the title of the first Monarchie into Egypt as if they had not read holy Writ but rather followed t Trogus hist. 1. them which tell vs that Uexoris King of Egypt and Tanaus King of Scythia preceded the Assyrian Monarchie Indeed the storie of Abraham iustifies great Antiquitie in the Egyptian Pharaoh's and in Europe that Aegialeus K. of the Sicyonians rightly challengeth perhaps as much But wee can relie for truth herein only vpon Moses and must slight both those fabulous reports of Grecians and others as also what occurres in the fragments of the true Berosus Hestiaeus Alex. Polyhistor Adiaben Iulius African and the like touching who raigned before Nimrod and the Floud For the Chaldeans from whom some of these had their originall relations pretended that they had a true storie remaining in Babylon of u 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Alex. Polyhist ap Euseb. in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 CL. M. yeers Diodore and Cicero speak of a farre greater number but this is enough in which they reckoned discents of Kings part whereof yet remain's incapable of likelyhood in some of those autors As them for this point so much more haue we here neglected those Annians and counterfeits Archilochus Xenophon Berosus autres quimenteurs Abusent du loisir bonté des lecteurs as the noble Du Bartas of them King and Emperor Whence and what was Emperor How the Roman Emperors reckoned their Yeers The Hate in Rome to the name of Rex How their Emperors abstain'd from it Who of them first ware a Diadem At length others called them Kings but they wrote themselues alwaies Emperors The two Titles as indifferent 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a vsuall word for Emperor The Coat of Constantinople and its signification Differences twixt the Emperors of the East and West about the titles of Basileus and Rex and Emperor and letters twixt them about it The King of Bulgaries prerogatiue To the Prince of Sicily anciently Rex hereditary Emperor vsed by other Princes By the Kings of England Their Supremacie from Papall power free anciently By the K. of Spaine The Flattering Rules of Ciuilians touching their Emperor Notaries in Scotland which with other Kingdoms hath as suprem power respectiuely as the Empire in making them The Duke King or Emperor of Russia or Moscouy Czar To whom he vsed not in his title King or Emperor Subiect-Kings Bohemia made a Kingdom A Sword vsually giuen in making a Subiect-King Danemark Letters of Ph. de Valois touching Ed. III. his not stiling him King To whom the title of King is truly due The English Heptarchie alwaies vnder One supreme England how and when named The King of Man Of the Wight Of Ireland subiect-Kings Henrie III. his Letters to the K. of Man King of Kings by whom vsed The storie of Iudith vnknown but from Europe to the Iewes The Great King Custome of giuing Earth and Water in acknowledgement of subiection Herbam dare Liuerie and seisin of England to the Norman Rex Regum vsed by the Kings of England Edgar and Athelstan their greatnes Particular right of the title of Emperor anciently in the Kings of this I le Constantine the Great was born in Britain with more speciall authoritie for it then any hath vsed Honor to the Emperors in Kissing their Feet Hands Knees Kisses of salutation among the Persians Adoration what it is properly Kisses of Ciuill Duty in most Nations Osculum Pacis and after Praiers In Homages An act that none should Kisse the King in Homage The Notation of our words King and Queen The British Cuno Words in diuers languages for King CHAP. II. BY King and Emperor haue been and still are most supreme Princes titled Yet so that for continued Maiesty and note of powerfull Rule in both those affections of State Peace and Warre the first was of ancient time the greater and that of Emperor 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Imperator or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. the Generall of an Armie was for any which had to him committed supremacie in Martiall dscipline although but for some particular hoast In the Roman storie occurres frequent testimonie of it And thence came it that Iulius Caesar being Dictator and a Generall after he had gotten euen the Monarchie of Rome wrote himselfe in his Edicts and Coins AΥTOKPATΩP DICTATOR PERPETVO IMPERATOR the first and last of which titles continued in his successors But it is obseruable to this purpose that by neither of those were the yeers of their Empire reckoned but a long time by their Tribunitian Power beginning in Octauian whence they were as sacred against all violence and wrongs Amongst many one Coin thus inscribed shewes it IMP. CAESAR AVGVST PON. MAX. TR. POT XVI COS. XI IMP. XIIII which was made in the XVI yeer from the States giuing him that inuiolable title The number added to IMP. beeing only so often increased in his and others Coins as they had by themselues or their Generalls performed some a Dio Cassius hist. 53. great matter in the Warres In the infancie of their Empire they abstained purposely from the name of Rex or King being a word grown odious to Roman libertie after Brutus his plucking it out of Tarquin's hands In solemne memorie wherof they yeerly celebrated on the VII kl of March the XXIII of our Februarie their feast Regifugium As also they prouided that no concurse for Marchandise in the Citie should euer happen vpon the Nones of any month Seruius Tullius his birth day they knew was in thè Nones but not of what month and therefore they prouided it b Macrob. Saturnal 1. cap. 13 Veriti ne quid Nundinis collecta Vniuersitas ob regis desiderium nouaret And to palliat som part of his ambitions I. Caesar himselfe beeing saluted King by the multitude but withall perceiuing it very distastfull to the State by the Tribun's pulling off the white fillet from his Lawrell answerd Caesarem se non Regem esse refusing vtterly also and consecrating the Diadem which Antony would haue often put on his head to Iupiter For the same reason did Octauian abstain from the name of Romulus which yet he much affected Alike was the dissimulation of the next Tiberius vnder whom were eadem magistratuum vocabula as Tacitus his words are which were before but the sum and sway of things was ingrost and cunningly kept vnder One differing in name rather then nature from a King as hee well obserued that subscribed Iulius his statue with Brutus quia Reges elecit Consul primò factus est Hic quia Consules eiecit Rex postremò factus est The more
quem vellet Papam eligere nec erat alterius Apostolicum etiam nominare Rex Willielmus allegauit eandem rationem quod nullus Archiepiscopus vel Episcopus regni sui Curiae Romanae vel Papae subesset praecipuè cum ipse omnes libertates haberet in Regno suo quas Imperator vendicabat in Imperio which withall shews how false that of Bertold of m In ap ad Herm. Contract ann 1084. Circ M. C. L. Constance is slandering William the first with slauish submission of England to the See of Rome So when Alfonso the VII King of Castile had gotten most of Spains territories vnder him rediens saith the n Roderic Toletan lib. cap. 7. Storie Legionem imposuit sihi Imperij Diadema vocatus fuit deinceps Imperator Which notwithstanding is against the flattering rules of the Imperiall and barbarous o Bartol ad Con. ff §. Omâ—em Ciuilians who of the German Emperors haue durst deliuer that Ratione Protectionis Iurisdictionis Imperator est Dominus Mundi quia tenetur totum mundum defendere protegere sed Particularium rerum non Dominus sed Princeps As if that weaker Greatnes extended in any of their times beyond Italy and Germany For that long since spoken of the Roman Empire that it was p Lamprid. in Alex. Seuero Imperium quod tenet Imperium long since also failed And in those countries hath not been so gelded that scarce any King is but hath his power neerer to his name The Tramontan Doctors haue been of another opinion as they had reason liuing in other States They allow the q Chassan Catal. Glor. Mundi part 5. consid 27 Vide si placet Alciat de Sing Certam cap. 32. Emperor to haue supremacie but not ouer the King of France nor Spain they might well adde nor of England Scotland Danemark or the like which by prescription of time regaining of right or Conquest are as the other in no kind subiect or subordinat to any but God And therefore by an act r Pâ—rl 5. Iacob 3. cap. 30. of Parliament of Scotland it was long since ordained Sen our souerain Lord hes full iurisdiction and Free Empire within this Realme that his hienesse may make Notares and Tabelliones quahis instruments sall haue full faith in all causes and contractes within the Realme And in time to come that na Notar be maid or to be maid be the Emperours authoritie haue faith in contractes ciuill within the Realme lesse then hee be examined be the Ordinar and apprieued by the Kings hienesse Which act it seems had it not been for the Imperialls there in vse according s Bald-in Feud quis dicatur Dux Et Wesenbech in Paratit ff De fide instrument to which Publique Notaries are to bee made only by the Emperor his Palatines or such like need not to haue been made For what might not a King absolute in regard of any superior do which the Emperor could And in England that constitution of Publique Notaries t Regist. Orig. fol. 114. b. in breu de Deceptione was long since without scruple or any Act for it Therefore as the name of Emperor was notwithstanding some particular differences lawfully giuen as well to him of the East as of the West and allowed so by the VVestern r Act. 8. Synod Oecumenic Dist. 63. c. Hadrianus vide verò Capitis 5. extremum vbi Foedus quod icerunt Rodulph 11. Achmetes Turcarum Imperator part in like form it is or may be without difficultie applied to or vsed by any which is truly a King The Dukes of Moscouy anciently had no other title then Weliki Knesi i. in Russian Great Dukes But Basilius that gouerned there about M. D. XX. Grandfather to the last Theodor took to himselfe the name of King or Emperor i. Czar not deriued from Caesar which interpreters mistaking wrot him Emperor and thence is it that wee now vsually call him Emperor of Russia because Caesar is grown as it were proper only to an Emperor but a meer Russian word they vsing Kessar expressely and anciently for the Emperor of Germany different from Czar Yet this title hee vsed not to all Princes In his Letters to the Emperor the Pope the King of Swethland and Dane the Gouernors of Prussia and Liuonia and to the Great Turke hee vsed it but not to the Polonian Neuter n saith my x Sigismund Com. Rer. Moscouitic Ga guin Moschou cap. 5. Imperator totius Russiae in titulo dictus apud I. Fabrum in Epist. ad Ferd. Archiducem autor horum alterius literas nouo titulo auctas accipere dignatur They are neighbours and therfore the more suspect each other But that Basilius held himselfe rather the better man being compard with the Emperor Nomen suum titulum Imperatorio semper praeponens siue loqueretur siue scriberet With his precedence I medle not But I see not reason why he might not vse either the name of King or Emperor out of his own autority as well as the Emperor Neither needed he haue writen to the Pope for the name of King as some affirm hee did But Sigismund beleeus it not because he was euer an enemie to the Pope and the best title he could find for him was neuer aboue Doctor For that of King in Letters to the Polack this Basilus his sonne saith Gaguin vsed it to him that is Iohn Basiliuitz sed a Polono nunquam saith he nisi MAGNI DVCIS titulo honoratur Other y Lit Reg. Elizab ap Hakluit part 1. pag. 339. Princes giue him somtimes the title of Emperor somtimes Great Duke and King But you shall very often meet with the name of King giuen to those which were in Clientela Imperatoris as of old the Princes constituted by the Romans in Parthia Armenia Arabia Persia Iury and other parts of the world For they had as Tacitus a In vit Agricolae saies instrumenta seruitutis Reges And in later times the Emperor created Kings as other titles Frederique Barbarossa in M. CLVIII made b Radeuic lib. 1 cap. 13. verum titulo Regio à Philippo Anti-Caesare donatus est Primislaus M. C. XCIX Arnoldus Lubecensis Slauor lib. 6. cap. 2. Ladislaus Duke of Bohemia King of the same Territorie For that which Otto de S. Blasio hath of it vnder M. C. LXXXVI is to bee referred to that time And other such examples are These may bee and are called Kings and had in them potestatem gladij power of life and death as in the ceremonie of their inuestiture is exprest which was by deliuering a sword Est n. consuetudo Curiae writes an c Otto Frisingens de Frederic 1. lib. 2. cap. 5 vbi librarioum fortean Typographi incuriâ Sueuus Guuto perperà m leguntur ancient Bishop vt regna per Gladium Prouinciae per Vexillum à Principe tradantur vel recipiantur Petrus verò
or King which is but a contraction of the first is of a particular notation and by originall of its own It signifies Mightie or Potent not so much Wise or Valiant as some will Who sees it not in our common word Can for Posse So that Coning or King is literally Dynastes Hence some will haue our word Queen for the Kings wife as contracted of Konigin or Cunigine which would be strange in her if it be interpreted Stout or Valiant words rarely applied to that Sex I rather ghesse it from Quen which by pronunciation became Queen Quen interprets a Companion and is the same with Comes Take for it this testimony out of an old n Siperis de Vineaux chez Claud. Fauchet en l'orig dez Dign 2. c. 5. Romaunt Le Conte de Lancastre qui et a nom Henri Met a conseil le Conte qu' on dit de Warwic Sire Quens dites moi per Dieu ie vos en pri c. And who knows not that in our French statutes our Queens are ordinarily calld Le compagnon nostre seignior le Roy or Companie as it is in Britton and somtimes in Latine Consors nostra And in the Ciuill law the Empresses are Consortes Augusti Agreeing with this exactly is the old Dutch wherein o Vulcan in specim ling. septent pag. 65. 66. Gomman and Quena are Man and Wife A word somwhat neer among our ancient Britons signified King or some such like I meane Cuno beeing so often in their and the Gaulish Kings names as in Cunobelin Cuneglas Cyngetorix Cunedage Congolitan which occurre in Caesar Tacitus Dio Polybius and others and Cynoc in British so most learned Camden teaches mee is Chief or Principall But their speciall word for King is Brennin or Uhrennin In old Indian 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was a King if you beleeu some p Io. Tzetz in Chiliad Mes. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Grammarians thence deriuing Dionysius that is Bacchus from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But I remember the Phoenix q Scalig. animaduers in Eu-Euseb pag. 41. of learned men slights it as a toy of Daring grammaticasters as questionles he might well In the Ionique 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whence Lycophron calls Iupiter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and r Is. Tzetz ad Lycropron Hipponax 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Lybians if you credit s Scholiast Pindar Pythionic 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Herodot 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 autoritie vsed for him the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In the holy tongue of the Aegyptians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 exprest this Title as t Manetho apud Ioseph adu App. 1. some say In Ethiopian Negush In Turkish and Persian Padescha In Slauonique n Cral and the Queen Cralna which the Polonians call Crol and Crolna Whence the later Greeks haue x Georg. Acropolit Chron. Constant ad illum Theodorus Douza 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for the King of Seruia and Hungarie and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for Queen Title of Dominus or Lord prohibited by some Emperors Dominus and Rex vsed in ordinary salutations First Emperor that permitted himselfe to be called Dominus First that writ himself so in his Coins 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Amera Maranatha A Iewish sect allowing Dominus to none but the Almightie A coniecturall reason of their error Adonai The Tetragrammaton name of God when and how it was spoken amongst the Iewes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 absolutely Signior and Senior for Dominus or a superior Gouerner Alsheich and Sheich among the Arabians The Persian Schach and Saa Dominus Spanish Don. Punique in Plautus amended The Phoenician Syrian and Graecian Salutations or Farewells Women called Dominae after XIV How Female-heirs were wont to be in Ward in England Lord of Ireland how it began in our Soueraigns Ancestors Pope Hadrians letter to Hen. II. about Ireland Constantins Donation to the See of Rome A Ring seâ—â— to Hen. II. as token of inuestiture in Ireland The Petit Kings of Ireland anciently A Crown of Peacocks feathers to Prince Iohn beeing Lord of Ireland The Dominion of Ireland anciently Royall The Act which alterd the title of Lord into King Lord whence its originall Lar and Lartes Lauerd Louerd An essay of a very ancient rythmicall translation of the Psalmes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Truchtin Milordi The name of Gods to Princes Antiochus his spoyling the Iewes Bibles wich Baconbroth The name of God impiously giuen to and taken by Princes Swearing by Princes and by their Genius and by their Maiesty and that among Christians Punishments of Periurie committed on the Kings name Names of Idols in Princes and Great mens names Nergal Siris Nilus Cosmas a Patriarch swearing by his own name Names of great men not communicated to the baser multitude Alexanders name by his request imposed on all the Priests children for one yeer CHAP. III. For increase of Titulary Maiestie other attributes were anciently giuen to Supreme Princes which you may call Essentiall names as the other before spoken of These were chiefly Domini and Dij Lords and Gods which by participation were communicated also to their Magistrats and priuat mens Greatnes That Sesosis King a Diodor. Sicul. Piblioth a. of Egypt on his columnes inscribed with King of Kings Lord of Lords to himself 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a title too high for humanitie and proper b D. Paul ad Tit. c. 6. com 25. indeed to the Great and Almightie King of Heauen The Roman Octauian vtterly refusd the name of Dominus or Lord. Domini Appellationem saith Sueton vt maledictum opprobrium semper exhorruit Cum spectante eo ludos pronunciatum esset in Mimo O DOMINVM AEQVVMET BONVM vniversi quasi de ipso dictum exultantes comprobassent Statim manu vultúque indecoras adulationes repressit insequenti die grauissme corripuit edicto DOMINVM QVE se posthac appellari ne à liberis quidem aut nepotibus suis vel serio vel ioco passus est atque haiusmodi blanditias etiam inter ipsos prohibuit For it was vsuall especially somwhat after Augustus to salute ordinarily each other with the flattering language of Lord and King as diuers places of Martial make apparant Take this one c Martial Epig 68. lib. 2. ideÌ„ l. 1. Epig. 113. l. 4. Epig. 84. c. to Olus Quòd te nomine iam tuo saluto Quem Regem Dominum prius vocabam Ne me dixeris esse contumacem Tiberius would not endure this Title neither not so much as in common salutation Whereupon that Noble d Tacit. Annal. Historian and Statesman obserues vnde Augusta lubrica oratio sub Principe qui libertatem metuebat adulationeÌ„ oderat And of Domitian sings one e Papinius Syluar I. in K. Decemb. of his time
a truth no more then Eugubin's translation of it into Greek for it was extant only in Latine till that imposture to bee legitimat But Iohn of Sarisbury goes on Annulum quoque per me transmisit aureum smaragdo optimo decoratum quo fieret inuestitura iuris ingerenda h Locus deprauatus forte l. ingrediendae Hberniae Hibernia Idémque adhuc Annulus in i l. Curiali curali archio publico custodiri missus est All this was about II. Hen. II. But nothing was executed Som yeers after Dermut Mac Morrogh K. of Lemster beeing distrest by the K. of Connacht and Orereck M. C. LV. K. of Meth whose wife he had but not against hir will dishonord requested aid of the English and had it and was chiefly restord by the valour of R. Strongbow Earle of Penbroke The Earles Greatnes in litle time within the Isle grew suspicious to K. Henry To auoid that he acknowledged the Dominion of his Conquest in the King who som XVII yeers after the Popes Bull entred the Isle with an armie subdued good part of it and had homage of those petit Princes which retained as afore so after this acknowledgment the name of Kings Yet they were not Ordinati solennitate alicuius Ordinis as the k Apud D. Io. Dauies Regiū apud Hibernos Procuratorem Black book of Christ-Church in Dublin speaks nec Vnctionis sacramento nec Iure haereditario vel aliquâ proprietatis successione sed vi armis quilibet regnum suum obtinuit This K. Henry it seems following the syllables of the Bull and his successors hence titled themselues Lords of Ireland in their stile putting it before Duke of Guienne And in the Annals of Ireland you read Ioannes filius Regis Dominus Hiberniae de Dono patris venit in Hiberniam anno aetatis suae duodecimo which was the XIII yeer from the first entrance of Hen. II. and in l Ex Synod 1. 2. Cassiliens Armach ap Camd. De Pauonum pennis in texendis Coronis Consulas Paschal de Coron lib. 10. c. 13. confirmation of his title Pope Vrban III. sent him a crown of Peacocks feathers As likewise Hen. III. made Prince m Pat. 52. Hen. 3. memb 9. Edward afterward Ed. I. Lord of Ireland How King Iohn had obedience of most of the Princes there and establisht English Laws Officers and such more notes of supreme Maiestie Matthew Paris may best instruct you Plainly although some succeeding Princes wrote themselues but only Lords of Ireland yet their Dominion was meerly Royall They had their Iustices or Custodes or Lord Lieutenants or Deputies as at this day they are called of Ireland which were as Viceroy's by Patent with most large Power delegat in the very rights royall then whom no Lieutenants in Christendome as our most iudicious Antiquary obserues comes neerer Kinglike State And. Richard II. being himself but in Title Dominus yet created n Pat. 9. Rich. 2 Robert of Vere being then Earle of Oxford Duke of Ireland with Commission to execnte most inseparable prerogatiues royall Which had been ridiculous if in substance hee had not been as a most perfect King of it But in later time vnder Henry VIII in a o Stat. Hibern 33. Hen. 8. cap. 1 Parliament held at Dublin Sir Anthony Senitleger then Lord Deputie Forasmuch as the King our most gracious dread Soueraign Lord and his Graces most noble progenitors Kings of England haue been Lords of this land of Ireland hauing all manner Kingly Iurisdiction Power Preheminences and authoritie Royall belonging or appertaining to the Royall estate of maiestie of a King By the name of LORD OF IRELAND where the Kings maiestie and his most noble Progenitors iustly and rightfully were and of right oft to bee Kings of Ireland and so to be reputed taken named called it being further added that through want of vse of the iust title and name diuers attempts of disobedience had been in the Irishry it was enacted that the Kings Highnesse his heirs und successors haue the name stile title and honor of King of this land of Ireland with all manner honors preheminences prerogatiues dignities and other things whatsoeuer they bee to the Maiesty and State of a King Imperiall appertaining or belonging And that his Maiesty bee from henceforth his heires and successors named called accepted reputed and taken to bee Kings of this land of Ireland to haue hold and enioy the said stile title maiestie and honors of K. of Ireland with all manner preheminences prerogatiue dignities and all the premisses vnto the Kings highnesse his heirs and successors for euer as vnited and knit to the Imperiall Crowne of the Realme of England Thus much Pope Paul IV. afterward confirmd to K. Philip and Mary with de Potestatis plenitudine Apostolica autoritate Regnum Hiberniae perpetuò erigimus And in the stile of their Parliaments it was henceforth calld Regnum or Realm being before only Terra Hiherniae Of which enough In origination of our English name Lord whereby we and the Scots stile all such as are of the Greater Nobilitie i. Barons as also Bishops it s not easie to satisfie you In our ancient Saxon it was writen hlaforde and was a relatiue to þeow and ðeow man i. a Seruant or Bondslaue and Tenant not any Title or Dignitie To talk of Allodium or Allodius to this purpose as some do is more then idle It would be neerer our present pronunciation if you drew it from Lars or Lartes for so also is the first case vsed by p Lartes Tolumnius Philippic 9. Cicero an old Tuscan word signifying Prince or such like as a q Ios. Scalig. ad Propert. 4. great man deliuers by coniecture whence you haue Lartem Porsenam and Lartem Tolumnium in Liuy Plutarch and Halicarnasseus and Aremoricus Lars in Ausonius But Lar Lartis saith an old r Tit. Prob. Epit. de Nom. Rat. Roman praenomen est sumptum à Laribus Tuscum autem creditum est praenomen esse It were not much stranger at first sight to suppose this Lar or Lartes to be hether transferd then that Lar should yet remain as I haue seen somwhere noted a word for a chief house about Bayeux in France And many worse etymolegies make their authors proud of them But I know you cannot but laugh at this and I will so with you touching it only as ther is such communitie of name twixt it and our present idiom or rater twixt the Scottish Lairds a degree next beneath Knights among them It was afterward pronounced Lauerd and Louerd as you shall see among other testimonies in this beeing a metricall translation of the first Psalme transcribd out of the whole Psalter so turnd and fairly writen about Edward II. his time as the Character perswades which I haue Some wicked hand by cutting the first Capitall left it thus In Bibliothecâ Bodleianâ Oxonij exemplar Psalmorū huic nostro per
which was afterward Edward I. vt maturiùs ad res gerendas grauiores experiens redderetur fit Walliae Princeps simúlque Aquitaniae ac Hyberniae praefectus Vnde natum vt deinceps vnusquisque Rex hoc secutus institutum Filium maiorem natu Walliae Principem facere consueuerit It is true that Wales with Gascoigne Ireland and some other Territories in England were giuen to this Prince Edward vppon his marriage with Elianor daughter to Alfonso King of Spain Yet the Principality of Wales was not in that gift so speciall to this purpose For after the other it comes in the Patent in these words only k Archiu 39. Hen. 3. Vnà cum conquestu nostro Walliae When this Edward was King he made his sonne Edward of Caernaruan Prince of Wales a more particular course in policie vsd about it is in som of our stories whither I referre you and by that name and Earle of Chester sommond him to Parliament But all these made nothing to inuest the Title perpetually in the Heirs apparant although some haue deliuerd otherwise For this Edward of Caernaruan afterward Edward II. sommond his eldest sonne Prince Edward by the name of Earle of Chester and Flint only But when this Prince was King Edward III. he in Parliament first creats his sonne the Black Prince Duke of Cornwall quod primogenitus filius Regis Angliae qui foret hereditabilis Regno Angliae foret Dux Cornubiae quod Ducatus Cornubiae foret semper extunc primogenitis filijs Regum Angliae qui foret proximus haeres predicto Regno and giues him diuers possessions annext to the Duchie l Pat. 11. Ed. 3. memb 1. chart 1 Tenendum eidem Duci ipsius haeredum suorum Regum Angliae Filijs primogenitis et dicti loci Ducibus Since when the eldest sonnes of our Soueraigns haue been by law accounted Dukes of Cornwall in the first instant of their birth Neither only the eldest in respect of absolut primogeniture but also the second or other after the death of the first or former on whom this Title was so cast as it was lately resolud vpon good and mature reason grounded by diuers autorities and presidents for the now most noble Prince Charles Not long after the same Black Prince was inuested in the Principality of Wales Tenendum sibi heredibus Regibus Angliae since when neither is the true beginning of this Title of any other time The heirs apparant haue been honord with PRINCE OF WALES some hauing been created in like forme others only calld so The last creation was in that most hopefull blossom vntimely cropt out of Britains Garden Prince Henry whose title also was often Prince of Great Britain In Scotland the eldest sonne heire is born PRINCE OF SCOTLAND Duke of Rothsay and Stewart of the Kingdom The title of Duke of Rothsay hath so been since m Circa câ—â— cccc Robert III. first honord his eldest sonne Prince Dauid with it Yet Henry Lord Darley had it also before his marriage with Queen Mary And as Rothsay to the eldest so the Earldom of Rosse is in Scotland to the second sonne Thus speaks the n Parl. 9. Iacob 3. cap. 71. act of Parliament vnder Iames III. Our Souueraigne Lord with consent of his three Estaites of the Realme annexis till his Crowne the Earledome of Rosse with the Pertinents to remaine thereat for euer Swa that it sall not be leiffull to his hienesse or his aires nor his successoures to make alienation of the saide Erledome or ony part thereof fra his Crowne in ony wise saifand that it salbe leiffull to him and them to giue the said Erledome at their pleasance till any of his or their secunde sonnes lauchfully to be begotten twixt him and the Queene So in a manner are the Appanages in France and the Duchie of York with vs and the like In imitation of the English honor of Prince of Wales the INFANT and heir of SPAIN Infant is but o Infantes dicti passim Regum filij Roderico Toletano Rod. Santio vt Hispanicè Infantes Sonne or Child as in France les enfans le Roy had the title of Prince of Astura Principe de las Asturias which began first in Henry sonne of Iohn 1. King of Castile and Lions and afterward Henry III. of that Dominion to whom Iohn q Ita Stephanus de Garibay in Compend Histor. Hisp. lib. 15. cap. 25. ab co vulgus quòd Principem Hispaniae siue Castellae compellant Haeredem Regni arguitur of Gaunts daughter Catharine was giuen in marriage Som of their p Roderic Sant part 4. cap 22. Duque de Alencastre in Stephan de Garibay Stories ignorantly stile him Dux Alencastriae and Glocestriae aiming questionles at Lancastriae and Leicestriae for he was Earl of Leicester To that Henry and Catharine Vt Asturum Principes vocarentur datum saith Mariana more ex Anglia translato vbi Regum filij maiores Walliae Principes nominantur quod ab hoc initio susceptum ad nostram aetatem conseruatur vt Castellae Regum maiores Filij Asturum Principes sint quibus annis consequentibus Vbeda Biatia Illiturgisque sunt adiectae In the Spanish Pragmatica of câ—â— D. LXXXVI For Titles it is ordered that the Infants and Infantas of Spain shall only haue the Title of Highnesse And in the top of Letters to them shall be only writen My Lord Sennor and in the end God keep your Highnesse only and vpon the Superscription To my Lord the Infant Don N. or To my Lady the Infanta Donna N. And that Highnesse without addition is to bee vnderstood only of the Prince heir and successor Dux in the times before the Caesarean Empire And in it Limitum Duces Ducatus Tunicae Ducales Ducianum iudicium Comites and the beginning of the Honorary Comitiua vnder Constantine His Counts of three Ranks The President of making a Count of the first Rank Dukes and Counts of the first Rank made equall Comitiua Vacans and Honorarie Titles without gouernment or administration giuen about the declining Empire 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Kings Friend 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the later Greek Empire Comitiua Secundi Ordinis How the name of Count was both equall and vnder Duke Dukes and Counts at will of their supreme anciently If a Duke then should haue XII Counties vnder him The beginning of this and other Titles to be Feudall and hereditarie in the Empire The ceremony of giuing Prouinces by deliuering of one or more Banners The making of the Marquisat of Austria a Dukedom The Archdukes name his habit and Crown in ancient Charters Imperiall Magnus Dux Lithuaniae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hereditarily giuen by Constantine the great to the Prince of Athens vpon weak credit Power giuen to the Duke of Austria being made a King to create a Duke of Carniola The difference of Dukes in the Empire Who of them
his own and his brothers name were both Robert His at his bâ—ptisme was Iohn But at his taking the Royall gouernment either for the vnluckines of the one name in the French and English or for the good which accompanied the other in his own predecessors changd himselfe out of Iohn into Robert The first Duke in Castile as is * Esteuan de Garibay lib. 15. cap. 27. 54. g Circa m. CCC LXX affirm'd was Frederique bastard sonne to g Henry II. of Castile by him created Duke of Benauente And Iohn successor to this Henry made his second sonne Ferdinand Prince of Lara Duke of Pennafiel Ferdinando minori Regis filio saith Mariana â—ui Lara Principatus erat oppidum Pennafielis additum Ducis nomine Corona Capiti imposita nullis extantibus Floribus quod Collatae dignitatis insigne erat tametsi nostra aetate non Duces sed Comites etiam Coronam clypeis adijciunt Regis haud absimilem But their Ducall Crown now is as in England fleuronee so was that of Ferdinando saith Stephen of Garibay and as a Kings not archt but that only the flowers are lesse and so euen que vna no suba mas que otra as Esteuan de Garibay's words are i. that one bee not higher then another And the ancient Dukes might weare it aswell on their heads as Armories and had diuers such prerogatiues euen Royall when they were all of Royall bloud But for the most part now cessing to bee so most of their prerogatiues also cesse saith Garibay at least in the Kingdomes of Castile In ancient time there aswell as in other places this Dignitie was only for life And to this day my autor is h De Reb. Hispan lib. 8 cap. 2. Mariana the steps of that Estate are in the Spanish Nobilitie For none of them Duke Marquesse or Count vse their titles after death of their Ancestors but Rege denuò annuente vnlesse some few such families only as by the Kings speciall grant may doe otherwise Which although here noted as many other things in this Chapter is appli'd to some Titles hereafter to bee spoken of The Pragmatica ordains that none whatsoeuer shall haue the Title of Excellent or Excellencie But that the the Grands all Dukes mongst them are Grands and some Marquesses and Counts or such as may stand couered before the King shall bee honord with Vuâ—stra Sennoria i. your Lordship And that in superscriptions to any Duke Marquesse or Count the place denominating his dignitie shall to it be added To speake here of particular Dukedomes their rights Regalties and such like were from our purpose Wee haue alreadie rememberd that il Gran Duca di Toscana the Duke of Florence had his Crown radiant and that Title of Gran Duca by speciall indulgence from Pius Qnintus who inscribd i Cicarella in Vit. Pontific his gift with Pius V. Pontifex Max. ob eximiam Dilectionem ac Catholicae Religionis Zelum praecipuumque Iustitiae studium donauit There is a parâ—icular forme of Creation instituted by Paul II. which for the length and because most of the differing Ceremonies are as proper to that Church I omit But there is no Crown but a Cap only Biretum and a Scepter Yet what the Reporter k Marcell corâ—grens Sa. Oerem I. Iust. 7. adds for his difference of Dukes I think may bee worth obseruation Et haec quidem saith he seruantur si Dux est Magnae Nobilitatis Potentiae vt fuit Tempore Domini Pauli PP II. Borsus Ferrariae Si verò esset Mediocris potentiae vt fuit Tempore D. Sixti PP IV. to this Pope this autor was a kind of Master of the Ceremonies Fredericus Dux Vrbini omnia seruantur nisi quod non duceretur à Cardinalibus sed à duobus assistentibus Papae principalibus sederet vltimus post omnes Cardinales in Banco Diaconorum eundo incederet solus post Crucem ante omnes Cardinales Quod si adhuc esset inferior tunc omnia alia seruarentur nisi quod non daretur ei sceptrum neque sederet in banco Cardinalium sed ad pedes Papae in supremo gradu eundo incederet ante Crucem post Oratores alios Principes here you see his triple distinction of them and others haue them by Maiores and Minores Duces wherupon saith the learned l De Coronis lib. 9. cap. 22. Paschalius that the Maiores omnes vnius ordinis esse Censentur omnes propemodum suspiciuntur vt Reges longeque antistant illis quos voco Minores Neyther can any not see much difference twixt those of Florence Ferrara Sauoy Lorrain Saxonie Brunswic and such more which mongst them also differently haue so many imperiall rights and the French of late time English Scotish and Spanish Dukes which are all Seignieurs Suzerains subiect Lords and many of them possessing their denominating Territorie in Tit'e only not in gouernment Yet Charles L'oyseau idly minseth his difference to small where he makes our English Dukes to bee a degree by themselues qui ne sont qu' a vie come Officiers What Dukes he means with vs I know not But all men may know that since Edward III. the Title hath been Honorary and Hereditarie Nor doth that frequent name of Duke occurring in Genes XXXVI belong to this place The word in the holy tongue is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which the Paraphrases of Onkolos and Ionathan turne 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 both signifying a Lord Prince or great Ruler and the m Rabbi S. Iarchi in Genes 6. Com. 15. Ebrewes interpret them there 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Heads of families or Kinreds although Alloph may serue also to expresse any great dignitie vnder a King The Rabbins say that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Euery Alluph is a Kingdom without a Crown which Elias interprets that euery King not crownd is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 * Dux i. a Duke The Germans call them Hertzogen and Hertochen whence the Hertochij in that vnder the name of the Confessors laws both signifying Dux as he is exercitui praefectus Remember what is in the first booke of the Duke of Moscouie for a Duke vncrowned yet supreme Prince Ducis Limitanei Marquesses whence the name Marque 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in old Gaulish Marcheta Mulieris the Brides maidenhead Mareshall vsuall application of names of a later age to antique relations by old English Poets The deriuation of Marquesse a mari idle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 How in one man Duke Count and Marquesse was anciently often exprest The beginning of the name of this Dignitie in the Empire Markgraue Marchio Burgundiae and Normanniae His inuestiture by a Ring His Coronet Presedence in France Alciat's admonition in point of Presedence Marchiones in England Iohn of Sarisburie corrected Snowdon Controuersie twixt the Lords Marchers and the Barons of the Cinque Ports about bearing the Canopie Earle of March. First Marquesse in
Territories and not like the Missi whom hee compares in Church-state to Suffragnas and the Viguiers to Parish Priests But as in the Roman Empire was the Dignitie and Office of c v. C. lib. 1. tit 39. alibi Vicarius as great as Comes but yet som difference twixt them and was also applied to an inferior sort of Slaues which you see in that iam nolo Uicarius esse so in the French and German Empire I doubt not but Vicarius and Viguier was not only for Iudges of mean note subdelegat by inferior Counts but also somtime for such as the suprem Prince constituted in vicem Comitis or the superior and first rank of Counts made their Lieutenants As also Missi were not only a name for them which were vnder Counts but also somtime for the like in proportion vnder the King Ante illustres saith an old d Vet. Form ad finem Marculph 7. Precedent Viros magnificos illos illos Missos Domini gloriosissimi illius Regis And a Charter of Pipin Maire dumaison to the e Bignon in Not. ad Vet. Form Abbey of S. Denis Omnibus Episcopis Abbatibus Ducibus Comitibus Domesticis Grafionibus Vegarijs that is Viguiers Centenarijs vel omnibus Missis nostris discurrentibus seu quacunque Iudiciaria potestate praeditis But the confusion of these names hauing regard to superiors as well as inferiors in old laws and storie allows not sufficient means of distinction to know which alwaies by them is certainly meant yet withall makes vs in generall truly know whence this Title of Uiscount with them had its originall It s greatnes there varying according to the qualitie of the next superior as well now it is Honorarie as at its first beginning when it was Officiarie And as they which vicem Comitis gerebant were calld Vicecomites Viscounts so the delegats of Bishops in temporall iurisdiction of that kind were stil'd Vicedomini i. as at this day the word is Vidames That the Substitus of great Clergie men for secular administration were anciently cal'd so appears both out of passages in the Canon z Epist. Greg. Dist. 89. C. Volumus Rescript Vrbani C. 4. q. 3. cap. Saluator Extrauag de Simonia cap. Consulere laws and also in verie ancient Storie Bertigranus the words of an old * Adreuald Floriac de Mirac S. Benedicti cap. 6. Monk Episcopus Cenomanensis legatos mittit ad S. Benedictum Flodegarium Archidiaconum Arderadum Vicedominum suum And as Viscounts from Officers became Honorarie Seigneurall so Vidames Neither is there in France any Vidame which holds not of some Bishoprik vnlesse that of Beauuais so L'oyseau tells me which is vnited to the Bishoprique of Beauuais and now calld le Vidame de Gerberoy And from the chief Town of the Bishoprique are the Vidames denominated as the Vidame of Reims of Amiens Chartres Mans and the like where he notes also two speciall differences twixt Viscounts and Vidames First One Duke or Count especially of the superior sort and first Rank had diuers Viscounts Officiarie vnder them but euery Bishop one Vidame Secondly the Viscounts had only their le moyenne Iustice as they call it that is iurisdiction of some causes onely and them of the meaner sort as wee may say of our Officiarie Vicecomites or Shirifes which haue diuers Actions Viscontiâ—l and inquirie of criminall causes but the determination of Criminall and others of greater a Memineris quod hoc capite habemus ex Strabone note were reseru'd to superior Iudges which haue le haut Iustice or a delegation of a kind of Merum Imperium vnderstand this of their more common sort of Viscounts reckond among their Mediocres Seigneurs of which notwithstanding now diuers by vsurpation haue gain'd le haut Iustice to their Seigneuries But the Vidames from their first institution had le haut Iustice the reason being apparant because Clergie men b V. Caus. 23. de bello re militari c. would by no means medle with iudgements Criminall which were Capitall and therefore had their Lay Delegats which is the reason why in our c 〈◊〉 Ed. 4. fol. 6. saepiùs in Archiu Parlament old Parlaments when in them Appeals and Iudgements of Death were the Lords Spirituall vsd to make a Procurator for that turn The Office of Viscount neuer yet became Honorarie in England yet before we speak of our first Honorary Viscont something of the Office also with vs. It s already shew'd that the Ealdormen of the Saxon Times were Uicecomites and as our Shirifes and they were in those times by that name writen in Latine also A subscription to King Edreds Charter dated DCCCC XLVIII to the Abbey of Crowland iustifies it There after the Abbots Dukes and Counts the Dukes and Counts perhaps being of equall dignitie follows ✚ Ego Bingulph Vicedominus consului ✚ Ego Alfer Vicecomes audiui And in a Charter of Thorold of Bukenhale to the same Abbey the last witnesse is thus exprest ✚ Ego Liuingus clericus istud Chirographum manu meâ scripsi domino meo Thoroldo Vicecomiti tradidi and in that before of King Edred to the Abbey of Crowland certain lands are discharg'd Auxilijs Vicecomitum by that name and in one of King Bertulph to Siward Abbot of Crowland you may read Praecepi Radboto Vicedomino Lincolniae caeterisque ministris meis in illa parte constitutis to make a perambulation of the Isle of Crowland So at the Conquest d Act. public apud Camden in Cornauijs it was found that in the Hundred of Oswaldshaw in Worcestershire nullus Vicecomes vllam habere possit querelam nec in ali quo placito nec in alia qualibet causa But yet the name of Vicecomes was not applied to the Ealdorman as if hee had been vnder the Eorle as in France or the Empire but in such sort as if hee were plac'd in the Prouince by the King in vicem Comitis that is as a Iudge to administer iustice and look to the Kings reuenue and out of his Court as at this day Faux Iudgment lay in the Kings Bench neither was there any mediat place for remedie Therefore in one of their e Ethelred leg cap. 6. Be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bâ—ec Laws you read that if the Peace be broken he that is wrong'd should be helpt by the Townesmen or Tithing if they would not help him that then the Ealâ—oâ—man should that is the Shirife and if the Ealdorman would not that then the King should and if the King would not that then the Shire should not be bound to keep the Kings peace for so I interpret Liâ—â—â— Ealâ—oâ—â—om on vnâ—â—â—e where the Vicountie or Shirifdom is calld also an Eaâ—â—oâ—â—om as the Superior and Martiall gouernment of their Eorle was titled an Eorledome the word Dome signifying in that sense a place subiect to a Superior not only in Ciuill Iurisdiction but
Comes being indifferently in its own genuine sense to others then they of the Dignitie was yet by vse of time made a speciall word for him which was Comes Imperatoris so Baro originally signifying a Man and withall a Seruant or Minister or Officer grew at length to denote specially the Kings Man Seruant Tenant or Officer of better note constituted with some kind of Iurisdiction in som Territorie which being lesse then either those of Dukes Marquesses Counts or Viscounts was known only by the name of a Baronie which also as it exprest a feudall Territorie or Seigneurie was a common name to all those other Dignities or Seigneuries which were immediat to the Crown of France or the Empire The French say Baronnie est toute Seigneurie premiere apres la Souueraine du Roy mouuant directement de sa Corronne But this as their Baronies were anciently And accordingly was the word Baron with them extended as in the Empire also Capitaneus Regis vel Regni which comprehended alike vpon the testimonie of the Feudall laws Dux Marchio Comes say they feudum dare possunt qui propriè Regni vel Regis Capitanei dicuntur and also Valuasores maiores of whom more anon But as Capitaneus and Ualuasor was also appropried to speciall Dignities beneath a Count so also Baron hath been These Titles indeed all three being allowd specially as the greatest for distinction to such as hauing Territorie and Iurisdiction or droit de Police as the French call it were notwithstanding not to bee honord with any of the superior Whereupon that of Baldus a Ad C. Iâ—notâ—it tit de Electione is that a Baron is he which hath Merum Mistum imperium in castro aliquo siue oppido ex concessione ' Principis And such beeing at fiâ—st only whose tenures were immediat from the Crown haue long since ceased in France And it s anciently affirmd in their Grand Coustumier that of this kind there were then but three in all France that is Bourbon Coucy and Beauieu which as the other before like them no longer now remain with the name and substance of that former Title By the substance I mean their being immediat Tenancies of the Crown or as we say in Chief And that wee may once admonish so a Tenure of the Crown is when it s of the King as he is King and personall but of the King only is when it s of him by reason of some Seigneurie escheated or by som other means com to his hands as by enheritance or the like But when in the superior Dignities rights of Soueraintie were for the most part all the true ancient Baronies became subiect vnder those vsurping Dukes Marquesses and Counts 〈…〉 els got to themselues as great Titles And then they aâ—d the other Dukes and Counts as a point of Soueraintie also made Barons vnder themselues known by that name and vpon dissolution of those ancient Dukedoms and Counties wherof alreadie those inferior Baronies became to be held of the King but not as of the Crown and so at this day continue in all France Whence it follows as L'Oyseau obserues that Barons there now are all as Baron is a speciall Title mediocres Seigneurs because none of the ancientest and first kind remain but all are as part or Tenancies of the revnited Dukedoms or Counties Thus then the word Baro signifying a Man as some will a Free-man and also applied to a Seruant or minister became in the Empire and in France to denote a Dignitie and Seigneurie It s vsd in Picardie at this day as also in our Common laws for a husband exactly therein agreeing perhaps with Vir i. Man and husband But it s noted that in the Customs of Picardie and elswhere often occurrs que la femme a son mary a Baron which L'Oyseau interprets that the Wife is in manu potestateque Viri taking Baron there as it signifies a Dignitie or superior power But if a feminin exposition should bee vpon that text it s more likely that Baron should be taken for a Seruant or Minister so that the Wife might be Master or Mistresse Here twixt Man and Wife I abstain from iudgment But withall remember the vse of Barn or Bern in our North parts for a Manchild as it respects the Sex and an old Metrique Translation hath Heli Beerne that naght is gan In the red of wicked man For blessed is the Man c. And Cheorlbeorn and Cheorlman in old laws of this Kingdome are the same both signifying an Ignoble man and meanest Yeoman The Grecians of late time writ this name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 One Count Albert is calld a Lit. Ioach. Patriarch Alex. apud Crus in Turcograec lib. 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for Baron en scharpfeneok and b Anonym de bello sacro apud Meurs in Gloss. Graeco-barbaro 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 they vse for a Baronie Euery man that hath seen the Stories or Writings of the late semi-barbarous Grecians knows how vsually β is exprest by μπ. For England the neerest name for Baron was that of Thane anciently writen also Thegn þegen Of their Thanes are two sorts rememberd in King Knouts c v. Leg. Canut cap. 69. laws Cyninges þegen and medmera þegen i. The Kings Thanes and a Mean Thane Somtimes called Thegen þeoþen i. Thane and vnder Thane The old translation of the Saxon calls the Vnderthane or Mean Thane Mediocris Homo somtimes Homo liberalis Of them and other Dignities vnder our Saxons an old d Ap. Lamb. in Itinerar Cantij Fragment thus The wisest of the people were weorþscipe wyrþa worship worthy euery one in his rank Eorl Ceorl ðâ—gn ðeoden i. Earle Churl Thane and Underthane And if a Churle calld somtimes Cherlman which old autoritie makes the same with Villanus as Villanus c Merc. leg vers lat cap. 2. is a poore seruile Townsman and vnderstood in the Statut of Merton cap. VII differing from Burgensis only as Uilla from Burgus not as our law now vses it for f Quae seruos inter Villenos erat apud Saxones nostros discrepantia videra est in Ingulph Notitia Abbatiae Crowlandensis Seruus or a bondslaue thriu'd that hee had fully fiue Hides of his own land a Church and a Kitchin a Belhouse and Burgeat Gate I haue thought that you might interpret it a free passage or resort to setle sundernotei a Room and distinct Office in the Kings Hall then was he thenceforth a þegen rightesweorþe i. as a Thane And if a Thane so thriued that hee serued the King and rode on his Iourney as of his family and if he then had a Thane mongst his fellowes that to the kings tax for Martiall expedition the Saxon is to Cynges utfare had fiue Hydes of land chargeable and had serued his Lord in the Kings Court on Cynges setle and had gone thrice to the King on his Lords
are elswhere in the same Custamier rememberd and thus described Les Vauassouries sont tenues par Sommage per seruice de Cheual Which the Glosse interprets Parcemot par seruice de Cheual sont entendus Villains seruices qui se font a sac a somme lesquels on appelle coÌ„munement sommages so to distinguish this seruice de Cheual from militarie seruice known by the name of Chiualrie For that Somme and Sommage is questionlesse from the Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. that which is laid on a Sumpter-horse either as his burden or as the Pack-saddle for easier carriage Whence they call such horses or other beasts so employ'd l Suidas Leâ— Tactic cap. 5. §. 7. cap. 6. §. 29. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because they beare 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. burdens Hence had the Latins their m Lamprid. in Heliogabal vbi vide Is. Casaubon quin Isidor Origin 20. cap. 16. Sagmarij equi caballus sagmarius and mula Sagmaria and those of the later and more barbarous times turn'd it into Summarius and Saumarius from which Sommage and n Chart. de Forest artic 14. videsis Bracton lib. 2. cap. 16. §. 6. de vno equo sacco cum brochia Summagium easily grew vsd also in our Law After the Norman Conquest Vauassors were in England and by that name mention'd in the Laws of Henry 1. and perhaps were a kind of feudall dignities twixt Barons and Knights For Bracton reckoning Counts and Barons puts Vauasors before Knights and thus of them Sunt alij qui dicuntur Vauasores viri Magnae Dignitatis Vauasor enim nihil melius dici poterit quam vas sortitum ad valetudincm Speciall remembrance of this Dignitie in our English Monuments is seen scarcely and the Title long since worne away Yet Chaucer describing his Franklein whom hee makes a better Housâ—keeper then in hast are mongst the best to be now found thus mentions the Name At Sessions there was he Lord and Sire Full oft time he was Knight of the Shire An o Poygnard Anlace and p Pouch Gipsere all of Silke Hing at his girdle white as Morow milke A Sherife had he ben and a Countour Was no where soch a worthy Vauesour It 's likely that he gaue him this Title as the best and aboue what he had before commended him for Neither would he haue put it as an addition of worth to a Sherife and a Countour vnlesse it had bin of speciall note and honor For a Countour was if I am not deceiu'd a Sergeant at Law knwn also then by both names Countors sont Serieants saith the Mirror q â—bezle seigneur Coke en l'epist du 9. liure of Iustices sachans la ley del Royalm and the Custumier of Normandie Il est appelli Conteur que ascum establist à parler conter pour soy ea court The word is interpreted by Narrator Often in the Plea Rolls of Henry III. you haue per Narratorem suum In the old Scotish laws there are Subuasores which were as the Uauasini in the Empire Illi qui r Malcolm Mackeneth Leg. cap. 8. §. 8. tenent de Militibus qui vocantur Subuasores leges tenebunt c. and the Valuasores minores of the Empire were as the Milites or immediat seruants to Barons in Scotland The Ciuilians commonly deriue the word à Valuis quia asside bant valuis i. portis Dominorum on feast dayes I am very suspicious of their conceit But it will be clear that it 's compos'd at least in part out of Vassi or Vassall wherof presently speaking of Feuds The more common opinion of the beginning of Feuds Militarie The Feudall Customes by whom and when compos'd Nobilitie of the Empire grounded on Feuds A better and more true opinion of the Originall of Feuds as they came into the Empire 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Eastern Empire Vassi and Vassall Gaesa or Gaisi Communitie of Gu. Qu. and W. Guassdewr Vassallus if a dimmunitiue of Vassus A kind of Feuds very ancient in the Roman Empire The attendance of the Tenants of the Empire at the Coronation anciently Militarie Fiefs in England how before the Normans Expeditio Pontis extructio Arcis Munitio vsually reseru'd in the most indulgent Charters of the Saxon Kings Trinoda Necessitas Wardships In England and Scotland when First Deriuation of Feudum and Alodium A Charter of King Athelstan in rime The affectation of Riming Charters in that age CHAP. VIII OF Feudall Dignities thus much I so call them because their Origination as they now remaine Honorarie is chiefly referd to the first disposition of Territories and Prouinces in Feudall right vnder the French and German Empires The beginning of Feuds cannot but be here necessarie The common opinion supposes it in the Longobards or Lumbards a Northern Nation Their incursions into Italie vnde iura Feudorum saith Bodin in vniuersam Europam fluxerunt and greatnes there began vnder Iustin 11. about D LXX of our Sauiour Millan was their seat Royall and in it their first King Alboin inaugurated And it s commonly affirmd that they brought the more formall and frequent vse of Militarie Feuds thither with their other customs hauing had mongst themselues the vse of them very aucient Which it seems the Cimbrians vnder that name all Northern people of Europe specially were anciently comprehended and so in it the old Longobards thought of as a matter vsuall in their Nation when heretofore being bar'd out of Spain and Gaule they requested the Roman State s Florus lib. 3. cap. 3. vt Martius populus aliquid sibi terrae daret quasi stipendium Caeterum vt vellet manibus atque armis suis vteretur For Militarie Feuds had therin only their being that the Tenants should be readie for defence of their Lords with Martiall accoultrements When by the French Charlemagne the Lumbardian Kingdom ended these Feuds still remained and vnder him they were vsually giuen for life with Dignities annext And when in t A. DCCCXL Otho the Great the German Empire was hee made the Dignities Hereditarie in Feudall right as before is exprest The forms of the Fealtie and such like of these times are extant and inserted in Sigonius his Storie de Regno Italiae Of them in generall terms thus the Feudall customs Antiquissimo tempore sic er at in dominorum potestate connexum vt quando vellent possent auferre rem in feudum à se datum Postea verò eò ventum est vt per annum tantum firmitatem haberent Deinde statutum est vt vsque ad vitam fidelis produceretur Sed cum hoc iure successionis ad filios non pertineret sic progressum est vt ad Filias deueniret Those laws and customs belonging to them were composd as they now are vnder Frederique Barbarossa about M. C. L. by Gerard Neger and Obert de Orto
Ecclesiae Regni mei à Publicis vectigalibus Operibus Oneribus absoluantur nisi instructionibus Arcium vel Pontium quae nunquam vlli possunt relaxari But these were not so much by reason of Tenure as generall subiection to occasions of State and accidentall necessitie and supply of wants to common good Those kind of Militarie Fiefs or Fees as wee now haue were not till the Normans with whom the custom of Wardships in Chiualrie they began not vnder Hen. III. as most ignorantly Ranulph Higden the Monk of Chester and Polydore tells you came into England But before that Wards were in Scotland if their Stories and laws of Malcolm II. deceiue not When he distributed the Kingdom into Tenancies then Omnes Barones saith his laws concesserunt sibi Wardam Releuium de haerede cuiuscunque Baronis defuncti ad sustentationem Domini Regis although Buchanan rather guesses that Scotland had this custom by imitation of the English or Normans But in this Malcolm's time Wardships were not at all in England Of the originall and vse of Militarie Feuds thus much With the Roturier or base tenures this place hath not to do Only a word or two of the names of Feudum and Alodium The deriuations of both are diuers For Feudum I am somwhat confident that its root is in Fides howeuer by different writing thence varied and from it is our word Feild which was anciently Feud and Feuld as in the names of Rotherfeud and Losfeuld for Rotherfeild and Losfeild occurring with diuers like in old Rolls is apparant The Vassals are stiled Fideles in Latin and Drudi i. True from the same word in Teutonique From what others herein multiplie but rouing farre fâ—om the mark I purposely abstain and from the coniecture of some because they are too ridiculous Alodes or Alodium signified anciently what in the more strict sense Enheritance doth in our law that is lands descended from the ancestor and Alodes and Comparatum are m Vide quae adnotanit H. Bignon ad Marculph Formul lib. 1. cap. 12. opposed often as Purchase and Enheritance Now euery Feud or Fief paid a Releif or Heriot vpon death of the tenant and the Heir or successor came in alwaies as at this day in some fashion of a new Purchase But where no tenure was there the enheritance discended freely to the Heire who claimd it alwaies meerly from his ancestor Out of this difference I imagin the names of Feudum and Alodium were translated to make that distinction which is vsually twixt them whence Alodium now abusiuely denotes chiefly lands possest without seruice or subiection except only acknowledgment of superioritie in the Giuer This may hold better then that from Leudes or any which I haue seen An example of Alodes or Alodium the great Lawier Hotoman specially takes out of an old Charter made to one Paulan by our King Athelstan which is n Hector Boeth lib. 16. rememberd to haue bin found amongst the spoiles of Warre in Westmerland by the Scots vnder their Robert II. As the words were I insert it I King Athelstan Giues to Paulan Oddan and Roddan Al 's guyde and as faire Al 's euer thai mine wair And tharto Witnesse Maulde my wife The simplicitie of that age is euen pictur'd in it An age when misnomers misrecitals being deceiud such like did not make void the Kings Patent Nor doth it in substance differ from the Conquerors gift of the Palatinat of Chester whereof before And both in this of Athelstan that of the o Apud Camden in Essexia Hundred of Dauncing and Chelmer by the Confessor to Randolph Peperking and others extant of about the Conquest shew the affectation that age had to Riming in Charters Wheras now Prose without difficultie makes not one sufficient This of Feuds belongs more specially to the Dignities alreadie spoken of but also hath its vse in the vnderstanding of the nature of our ancient Knights in regard of the tenure of their Fees to whom wee make the next passage Knights Time of taking the Virilis Toga Custome of the Gaules in their Childrens taking arms Of the Germans Adoption per arma The Custome of the Longobards for the Kings sonne sitting at Table with his father Knighting by Girding with a Sword Cingulum Militiae Amittere Cingulum Som not comming in sight of the Emperor but Cincti Minerua Zosteria Balteus Knighting by a blow giuen on the eare anciently in the Empire First Mention of a knight made in England The ancient and holy ceremonies in Knighting The Marshall's fee anciently at a Knighting Kings Knighted by their Subiects Subiects Knighted by Subiects although not Lieutenants Eques Auratus One Prince may Knight in another's Territorie Infanciones Freedom to a Villain by Knight-hood Knighting by Los Ricos hombres in Spain A Knights Fief or Fee Who may be compeld to take the Order Census Equestris Miles sine Terra Inquisition of such as held Knights Fees and yet were not of the Order A Knight's Furniture by our law anciently not subiect to an Execution The Armes of a Knight descending to the Heire Ius Sigilli in a Knight Gold Rings and ius Aureorum Annulorum in Rome Their Equestris Ordo Ancient fashion of Manumission in England Seales when first in England The generall vse of them in most Nations The Iewish instruments of Contracts Their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Starra in the old Rolls Triall by a Iurie of Iews and Christians and their othes Difference of Paruum Sigillum and Magnum Sigillum Aide a faire Fitz Cheualer de Rancome de Marriage Of what lands and when the first and third kindes are to be leuied The name of Knight in most languages from a Horse What it is and whence in our and the German vse Cnihtes Rodknights Miles and Chiualer one Seuerall Notions of Miles oppos'd against Sokmans Burgesses Villains Tenants in Ancien demesn and Seruientes Liberi Homines Solidarij Knights Bachelors Som coniectures whence that name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Buccellatum The fashion of Degrading a Knight The example of Sir Andrew Harkley Of Sir Ralph Grey Losse of the hand to a base fellow striking a Knight CHAP. IX HOweuer diuers Orders of Knighthood being there are mongst them which take precedence of KNIGHTS of the Spurre or those which generally are known by the name of Knights yet by institution and vse of all States They are the ancientest and shall here go first because also the other Orders are but late attributs according to the seuerall inuentions of particular Princes As in Rome Children vntill XIV yeers of age for so will the time be although some places of good autors misconceiud hath perswaded som otherwise vsing their Toga praetexta the ensigne of Infancie did then take VirilisToga or habiliment of manhood according to the increasing hopes of their worth so in the Northern parts of Europe about that age the sonnes of Princes and others of Noble Rank vsd to
affection might seem to preuent iudgment when the father gaue them And at length both Princes and subiects receiud the Order oftimes of subiects as in examples anon plentifully appears Out of the customs of these ancient and Northern Nations came it that afterward Knighthood was by girting with a sword and the difference twixt making the Princes sonne and other his subiects Knights as to this rememberd purpose grew out of vse Frederique Barbarossa in M. C. LXXII held a great feast at Mentz and that vt filium suum are the words of an h Arnold Lubecens hist Slauor 3. cap. 9. v. Radeuic de gest Frederic 1. cap. 6. alios innumeros aeui medij Ancient Henricum Regem militem declararet Gladium Militiaesuper femur eius potentissimum accingeret So in France England elsewhere the Kings made their sonnes Knights as at this day although sometimes they requested it keeping the steps of that Longobardian Custome of a neighbour Prince as examples in their place shall shew And for that of Girding I will not with the vulgar deriue it so much from Rome as from a generall consent or rather conueniencie mongst all people It 's true indeed that in the Roman State the Cingulum militiae was the speciall note of that honor and was the same with their auratus and constellatus Balteus i. a Belt deckt with gold and stones which yet was not any denoting ornament of their Equites but of all those who had vndergone their solemne oath of warfare and were knowne i 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Suidas by the name of Milites or Militantes And these when they sate in Court Banquets or with the Emperor kept on their Girdles alwayes and so their swords especially after that of Salonin sonne to Gallien who on a time being a boy slily stole away those rich Belâ—s or Girdles which their souldiers Militantes had laid off in the Court when they sate to the Table whereupon at the next feast they all sate Girded and being demanded why they put not off their Belts they answer'd Salonino deferimus as if the fault were Salonin's lest he should steale them againe Atque hinc tractus mos saith my k Trebel Pollio in Gallienis Autor vt deinceps cum Imperatore cincti discumberent Hence in Law and Storie often occurres 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 l 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 123. cap. 28. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 exautorare Herodiano in Iuliano V. Codin 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pa. 100. i. amittere cingulum militiae for to be disabled to haue place or ranke in the field And Cingulum Militiae for the honor of a souldier as also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. qui Cingulum deposuerunt are vnder m Synod Nicena Can. 1â— Constantine the Great such as had for Conscience left their Military Order in regard of the incompatibilitie of the then vsd superstitions in the Camp and Christianitie But more late times in the Empire yet very ancient haue by their Cingulum not onely verbally but really exprest other committed or created Dignities as well as their common honor Militarie Qui praesentes in Comitatu illustris Dignitatis Cingulum meruerint aut quibus absentibus Cingulum illustris mittitur Dignitatis and such like are remembred in a n C. tit vt Dignitat Ordo seru. l. 2. Constitution of Theodosius and Valentinian and King Theodorique to Count Colosseus o Cassiodor Variar 3. epist. 23. giues the gouernment of part of Pannonia in these words Proinde prosperis initiatus auspicijs ad Sirmiensem Pannoniam quondam sedem Gallorum proficiscere Illustris Cinguli Dignitate praecinctus and the Comitiua primi Ordinis Vacantis is p Idem Var. 6. Formul 12. calld Otiosi Cinguli honore praecincta Dignitas and qui sine Cingulo codicillos tantum honorariae Dignitatis adepti sunt are in that constitution last mention'd Diuers testimonies like wiâ—l offer themselues to any reading the Codes And vpon Salonin's stealing the Belts the most learn'd Casaubon obserues that it respects the old custom of Magistrates and others like vnderstand such as with their Office or Dignities had ius gladij or Militarie rank which neuer came in sight of their Prince but Cincti Girded and with other ensigns of their Title He notes it out of q Homil. in 1. ad Corinthios 26. Chrysostom 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith the holy Father 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that no Magistrate or Gouernour should presume to appear before the Emperor without his Belt and Militarie Coat In which sense an r Bonifacius Caus. 11. quaest 1. c. 8. Nullus old Popes Canon prohibiting that no Bishop should come before any Ciuill or Militarie Iudge addes Magistratus ne qui hoc iâ—bâ—re ausus fuerit amissionis Cinguli condemnatione plectetur And in stories of other Nations nothing is more certain then the vse and talking of being Girded including the sword for well armed In Thebes were two Statues of Minerua Zosteria by Amphitryo's That Title was giuen to Minerua there as the Greeks reported because in that place Amphitryo took armes in his expedition against the Euboeans For Zosteria comes from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. accingi which the s Pausanias 〈◊〉 Baeotic ancients vsd for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. armis se induere whereupon in the description of Agamemnon Homer t Iliad 〈◊〉 makes him like loue in his visage Neptune in his breast but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. like Mars in his Girdle belt or indeed as it interprets armor So 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as if you said Cingula Bellonae is u Callimach hymn ad Apollinem v. 1. Macab cap. 3. com 58. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 very anciently for Men of Warre And the Belt is thus by Isidore describd Balthus Cingulum militare est dictus propter quod ex eo signa dependent ad demonstrandam Legionis Militaris summam id est Sex milium sexcentorum ex quo numero ipsi consistunt Vnde Baltheus dicitur non tantum quo cingitur sed etiam à quo arma dependent As then by consent of Romans Grecians and other Nations the Belt or beeing girded with a Sword was both the main part of Martiall acoulâ—rement and vnder it the whole was comprehended so mongst our Northerns I meane from Italie Northward it specially succeeded into the room of that solemn taking Armes for a Knights outward ensign of Nobilitie the creating of a Knight in that kind being but as an honoring his worth or hopes with Princely allowance for the field as Iulian to Leontius x Iulian. in Epistolis granted 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i vsum armorum And so great was the respect had to Souldiers and such as were militiae cingulo honestati in those ancient times more particulars of priuiledges and prerogatiues you haue in the titles De Testamento Militari and such like in the Imperiall laws that
heretofore our Knighting had in it the same or one proportionat to the same as its chief ceremonie in which the honor by retaining or dishonor by losing consisted Where obserue also that as the Romans had their Cingulum dignitatis and Cingulum militare and Otiosum Cingulum so haue some of our parts had their Gladius Comitatus whereof before and Ducatus and such like and in giuing of those Titles the Cinctura gladij which must not as referd to that ancient vse of making Knights per Cincturam be supposd to be both a Knighting and a Creation of the other Dignities But as in these confin'd vsually to some Prouince so the old Comitiua was to speciall place in Court the y vti Imperium gladio solennitèr dato fuerit translatum docebit plenius P. Faber Semestrium 1. cap. 3. ius gladij for gouernment was at lest partly transferd so in the girding with a sword for Knighthood the vsus Gladij if I may so say for seruice in Warre which difference is seriously to be thought on and conferd with those Cincturae in the Creations of Dukes Earles Marquesses and the like before related In the stories of about M. of our Sauiour mention is very frequent of such as were by Princes accincti gladio for Knighted But before that in the Empire was another ceremonie with the Girding that was it seems a blow on the eare giuen by the Prince to him whom he so honord In the Reports of Friseland its deliuerd that Charles le magne being verie indulgent and liberall of his bountie to the States there granted by Constitution that their Gouernor might make Knights by girding of them with a sword and giuing them a blow on the eare as the custom was Eis gladium circumcingat are the words of the a Dat. Romae A. Chr. 8â—2 Ex Mennenio Monument dato eisdem sicut consuetudinis est manu Colapho sic Milites faciat eisdemque firmiter iniungendo praecipiat vt deinceps more Militum sacri Imperij aut Regni Franciae armati incedant Qui Frisones signum suae militiae à dicta Potestate their Gouernor recipere debent in quo Corona Imperialis in signum suae libertatis â nobis concessae debeat esse depicta Another like example is at large describd in Francis Mennens by whom is writen that in the b Archiu Louaniens Ann. 1260. vide Lips Louan lib. 3. Records of Louain a Constitution is that none should be Equestri Balteo cinctus or knighted vntill hee had gone in three seuerall voyages of Warres And note once by the way that in the Empire as well as elswhere Miles was in the more barbarous times both a Knight and any common Souldier and one also that held his Fief by Knights seruice as out of the Feudalls you are instructed At this day in the Empire the solemnitie of Creation consists as with vs chiefly in touching the deseruing with a Sword or laying it on him So I think in most places of Europe although in Charles V. his victorie against Frederique Duke of Saxonie a great companie of Gentlemen of good merit in the late seruice were knighted by the Emperors acclamation of Seà n todos Caualieros i. be they all Knights But of them som obseruable particulars will best appeare if we speake of them as they haue been in other States created The ancientest testimonie of any made in England is vnder Alfred that honord his nephew Athelstan afterward King with this Dignitie William of Malmesbury thus expresses it Militem fecit donatum Chlamyde coccineâ gemmato Baltheo ense Saxonico cum vagina aurea But in succeeding times of the Anglo-Saxons more religion was vsâ— in taking this Order Neither was it done without a solemne confession of sinnes receiuing the Sword from the Altar at the hands of some Church-man and such like which also hath c Vide si placit Francisc. Mennen Symb. Orig. Equest been in the Empire and France An old Monk speaking d Lambert Schaffnaburg in Chronico of the Emperor Henry III. and the Archbishop of Breme saith that Goslariae per concessionem Archiepiscopi primum se Rex arma bellica succinxit And Anglorum erat consuetudo writes one that liud at the e Ingulphus Norman Conquest quòd qui Militiae legitimè consecrandus esset vesperè praecedente diem suae Consecrationis ad Episcopum vel Abbatem vel Monachum vel Sacerdotem aliquem câ—ntritus compunctus de omnibus suis peccatis confessionem faceret absolutus orationibus Deuotionibus afflictionibus deditus in Ecclesia pernoctaret in Crastino quoque Missam auditurus Gladium super altare offerret post Euangelium Sacerdos benedictum gladium collo Militis cum Benedictione imponeret communicatus ad eandem Missam sacris Christi Misterijs denuò miles legitimus permaneret And according to this forme was that most Noble Heward Knighted by his vncle Brand Abbot of Bury about the Norman inuasion But this kind the Normans much dislikt Hanc saith Ingulph cousecrandi Militis consuetudinem Normanni abominantes non Militem legitimum talem tenebant sed socordem Equitem Quiritem degenerem deputabant Which makes me confidently referre that of Ne Abbates faciant Milites constituted in III. f Synod Westmonast A. 1102. Malmesb. de gest Pontific 1. Hen. I to this custom The Normans not liking it in a Prouinciall Synod vnder Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury and Gerard of York then thus prohibited it and perhaps named only Abbots because it seems of inferior Churchmen none or few would or did receiue it and the Bishops were by likelyhood not willing to take the power from themselues But howeuer that was took from Churchmen yet the solemnitie's it seems of taking the Sword from the Altar and such like in the Church remaind afterward For Iohn of Sarisburie speaking of an implied oth that all Knights of his time took as for defence of the Church Iam inoluit saith g Policratc lib. 6. cap. 10. 13. consulas morem illum à Paulo 11. institutum apud Marcell Corcyrens lib. 1. sect 7. iuramentum câ—eandi Equitis apud Olaum Magnum Septent Nation 14. cap. 7. he consuetudo solennis vt ea die qua quisque Militari Cingulo decoratur Ecclesiam solennitèr adeat Gladioque super Altari posito oblato quasi celeberi professione facta seipsum obsequio altaris deuouerat Gladij id est Officij sui ingem Deo sponderat famulatum Neque necesse est vt hoc profiteatur verbo cum legitima professio Milites facto eius videatur inserta This Oth was it seems somwhat proportionat with that Militiae sacramentum taken solemnly by the Roman Armies without which and at euery new going a Warfare a renewing of it none might iure h Cicero de Offic 1. de Pompilio Catonis filio videsis Veget. lib. 2. cap. 5. Seruium ad
Aeneidos 8. Polybium lib. 6. alios pugnare cum hostibus lawfully fight with the enemie But these religious solemnities wore away in ancient time It grew afterward fashionable for one King to send his sonne to another to take the Order vt acciperent Arma Militaria or Virilia as the Monks vsually expresse it Which well agrees with that of the Longobards before mentioned Examples of that kind both here in Scotland elswhere are enough frequent So one King of another as in that of Alexander III. of Scotland He married the Lady Margaret daughter to to our Henry III. The Nuptials being celebrated in Christmas at York the King of England Knighted his Royall sonne in law with twentie more Where the Earle Marshall of England as an ancient right of his Place requird the King of Scotland's Horse and Furniture for his fee which although in those times it seems i Statut. West 2 cap. 46. De Marescallis the Earle Marshall had at the Knighting of any Baron or superior Nobleman as also at the Homages done by any such either Secular or Religious yet it was answerd that from the King of Scotland no such fee was due because hee might haue took the Order of any other Catholique Prince or at his pleasure of any of his own subiects of his Nobilitie Responsum fuit saith the k Matth. Paris 35. Hen. 3. Storie quod Rex Scotiae tali non subiacet exactio 〈…〉 quia si placeret ei potuit ipsa Arma suscipere a quouis Principe Catholico vel ab aliquo Nobilium suorum Sed ob reuerentiam honorem tanti Principis Domini ac vicini sui ac soceri tanti mallet ab ipso Rege Angliae Cingulo donari Militari quam aliquo alio Et sic praecipiente domino Rege in totum die festo omnimoda lis conquieuit And for that of the King of Scotland his saying that he might haue took it from a subiect of his own its true and so in our State some of our Kings haue receiud it Henry VI. was Knighted by Iohn Duke of Bedford and Edward VI. by Edward Sâ—imer then Earl of Hertford and the like many more occurre Nay in those ancienter times Earls which were then the greatest Nobles vnder the King and Prince had a power of Knighting Vnder Hen. III. the Earle of Glocester made his brother William Knight at a Tourneament So did Simon of Montfort Earle of Leicester Gilbert of Clare Some l Tillius de Reb. Gallic 2. like examples haue been in France And Los Caualleros vassallos de los Ricos hombres i. Knights made by the Ricos hombres anciently in Spain they were neer as Barons in other places are rememberd by m Apud Fr. Menenium ex P. Salanoua alijs Spanish Antiquaries And against the Scotish Expedition Prince Edward of Caernaruan first Knighted by his father Edward 1. made diuers Knights of his own autoritie at Westminster by girding with the sword But such also as were neither Princes nor Earles and that without any Regall autoritie transferd for if so it were not worth obseruation about the raigns of our first three Edward's somtimes made Knights in the Warres Dominus Iohannes filius Thomae say the n A. 1313. 1314 1316. 1318. Annals of Ireland fecit Milites Nicolaum filium Mauritij Robertum de Clonhull apud Adare in Momonia So Edmund le Botiller afterward Lord Deputie made XXX Knights at Dublin And Richard of Bernimgham for the good seruice that one Iohn Husee had done in the Irish warres gaue him amplas terras fecit illum Militem vt benè meruit And by the same autoritie Uenit Dominus Rogerus de Mortimer Dubliniam fecit Dominum Ioannem Mortimer Militem cum quatuor socijs And indeed this Roger of Mortimer was then as Lord Deputie of Ireland and might the better do it And in one of our yeer-books o Thirning 7. Hen. 4. fol. 8. Voyes Froissart â—ol 1. fol. 185. a Iudge on the Bench relates thus I haue heard saith he that a Lord had issue a sonne and carried him to the Font and presently as soon as he was baptized took his Sword and made him a Knight saying Be a good Knight if you can for you shall neuer be good Esquire It was a prerogatiue it seems anciently challenged by such as were themselues Knights For William of Badensel a German Knight at the Sepulchre made two by his own report Supra Sepulchrum Christi saith p Guil. de Badensel Hodoe-Poric in Terram Sanctam he pulchram feci de Resurrectione Domini missam celebrari aliqui de meis socijs Corpus Christi deuotè susceperunt Pâ—st Missam feci Duos Milites Nobiles supra sepulchrum gladios accingendo alia obseruando quae in professione Militaris Ordinis fieri consueuerunt This was in M. CCC XXXVI Now none but the King or one as his Lieutenant authorized giues this Order neither is it done by girding with the Sword but the deseruing kneels and a Sword is laid or slightly strook on his shoulder by the king vsing this French q Smith Rep. Angl. 1. cap. 17. Soiz Cheualter au nom de Dieu and then Auancez Cheualier This Ceremonie alone giues the Title of Eques Auratus that of Auratus comming from their right of wearing guilt spurres which hath been also a knights speciall ornament And vnder Edward II. Richard r Anonym Chron. apud Millium of Rodney was knighted by being girded with a Sword by Almaricus Earle of Penbrok and hauing one Spurre put on by the Lord Maurice of Barkley the other by the Lord Bartholomew of Badilsmere That striking with the s Tillius de Reb. Gallic 2. Sword hath been anciently the vse of the Empire and when Sigismund knighted Signell a French Gentleman in France to honor Signell with that name the want whereof was obiected to him in a Controuersie twixt him and Pâ—stellan hee did it by such striking of him kneeling and giuing him one of his gilt spurres and girding him with a girdle that had hanging to it in stead of a sword a great knife And this was done in France neither Contra maiestatem aut ius Regis saith du Tillet tentatum est quia ex Iure consultorum sententia Equites vbique in Imperio in alieno dominatu institui possunt For Creation of a knight thus much and as euery child knows in personall Creation only the being of knighthood is neither hath any man it otherwise Infanciones saith one t Mich. Molin ap Mennenium of Spain and Infancio is their hijdalgo i. a Gentleman perhaps from the German or Gothique Edeling or Etheling nascuntur apud nos Milites verò fiunt which you may applie to all States In elder times it was prouided in the Empire France and Spain that none should receiue this Order except hee were before in some degree of Ciuill Nobilitie A
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which Gothofred interprets by Biscuit But I haue not yet perswaded my self to consent with this learn'd Bertrand nor yet to beleeu that I know the true etymon of Bachelor Other coniectures are of it but none that I dare relie on The name is occurring in old Storie as Chiualeirs ieunes Bachelers and Banniers and Bachiliers for Bannerets and Bachelers in Froissart and some passages in Adam Myrimoth and others In no ancient Nation almost hath been wanting some honor proportionable to this of Knighthood Of the Romans and Grecians something alreadie The Carthaginians vsd for euery Militarie voyage to giue him that had gone a t 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ring Euery man mongst the Macedonians vntill he had slaine an enemie went girded with a u 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Halter And no Scythian x Herodot hist. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aristot. Politic. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cap. 〈◊〉 vbi exempla caeteâ—a might drink of a specially honored cup mongst them vntill hee had embru'd himself in an enemies bloud Next of their Degradation The form of that will best appear in examples First of Sir Andrew Harkley vnder Edward II. made Earl of Carliel and soon turning traytor The King sent his Commission to Sir Anthony Lucy a Knight of that Countrie to arraign him The Acts and words of Sir Anthony in this businesse the rather because the degradation from another Dignitie is included in them out of an old y Fruct Temp. Caxton Ms. English Chronicle I thus transcribe to you The same Andrew was take at Cardoill Carleill and lede vnto the Barre in manner of an Erl worthyly arrayede and with a swerd gert aboute him and hosed and spored Tho spake Sir Antonie in this mannere Sir Andrew quoth he the Kinge dede vnto you much Honor and made you Erle of Cardoill And Thou as a traytor vnto thi Lorde the King laddest his people of this Countrie that should haue holp him at the battaille of Beighland away by the Countrie of Copeland and thorugh the Erldome of Lancaster Wherfore our Lorde the Kinge was scomâ—ited there of the Scottis thorugh thi tresoun and â—alsenes and if thou haddest come betymes he had hed the maistrye And all that tresoun thou dedest for the somme of Gold and Syluer that thou vnderfeng of Iames Duglas a Scotte the Kinges enemie And our Lord the King is will is that the ordre of Knighthode by the which thou vnderfeng all in honor and in wurshipe oppon thi body ben all brought vnto nought and thi State vndon that other Knights of lower degree now after the be ware the which Lorde hath the auanced hugely in diuerse Countrees of England and all now take ensample by the * Their. here Lorde afterward for to serue Tho commanded he a knaue anoon to hewe of his spores of his heles And after he lete breke the swerd ouer his heed the which the Kinge him gafe to keepe and defende his lande therwith when he made him Erl of Cardoill And after he lete him vnclothe of his Furred Taberd and his hoode and of his furred Cotys and of his gyrdell and when this was done Sir Antonie said him Andrew quoth he now e rt thou no Knight but a knaue And so gaue iudgment on him that hee should be drawn hangd and quarterd and his head set on London Bridge which was executed Walsingham in his Ypodigma remembers this but briefly And one addeth that he was a Th. Auensburie apud Camden in Brigant Calceis Chirothecis exutus also Some difference is in that of Sir Ralph Grey condemnd of Treason by the Earle of Worcester high Constable of England vnder Edward IV at Doncaster The b I. Stow. preamble of the iudgment was thus Sir Ralph Grey for thy treason the King had ordained that thou shouldest haue had thy spurs striken off by the hard heels by the hand of the Master Cooke who is here readie to do as was promised thee at the time that hee took off thy spurrs and said to thee as is accustomed that and thou be not true to the soueraigne Lord hee shall smite off thy spurrs with his Knife hard by the heeles and so shewed him the Master Cook readie to doe his Office with his weapon and his Knife Of this more where wee speak of the Order of the Bath Moreouer Sir Ralph Grey the King had Ordeind here thou mayest see the Kinges of Armes and Heralds and thine own proper coat of armes which they should teare off thy bodie and so shouldst thou as well be degraded of thy Worship Noblesse and Armes as of thy order of Knighthood Also here is another coate of thine Armes reuersed the which thou shouldest haue worne on thy body going to thy death-wards for that belongeth to thee after the law Notwithstanding the disgrading of Knighthood and of thine armes and Noblesse the Ring pardoneth that for thy noble Grandfather who suffered trouble for the Kings mâ—st noble predecessors And then hee gaue c De Degradatione Militum consulas licet Segarum lib. 2. cap. 4. huc non libuit transferre iudgement on him For a Corollarie to our Knights I adde that of Iehan le Breton in his Chapter De appels de Mayhems speaking thus in the Kings person Ascuns trespasses sont nequedent pluis punnissables sicome trespas fait en temps de peas a Chiualers au a autres gentz Honorables par Ribaus par autres Viles persones en quel cas nous volons que si ribaud soit atteint a la suyte de chescum Chiualer qu'il eit seru par felonie sans desert de Chiualer que le Ribaud perd son poin d' ont il trespassa That a base fellow should loose his hand for striking a Knight excepted in time of Ioustes or Torneaments Of other particular attributes to Knight by reason of distinct orders presently after we haue first spoken somwhat of Esquire That name challenges the next place here although not by precedence yet because it is not so peculiar to certaine time or place as the Orders and no more then the generall name of Knight Escuyer Scutifer 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Armiger Attendance by Esquires on the ancient Gaulish Knights Schilpor Shield-knapa Knaue Grand Escuyer Tzaggae Fiue ranks of Esquires When in England it began to be honorarie The Collar of S.S. How Armiger became significant as in our daies Peers Lex terrae and Amittere legem Terrae Exposition of gents de lour Condition in the Statut de Proditoribus Richard Earle of Cornwall brother to Hen. III. would not acknowledge the English Barons his Peers Triall by Peers Amerciament by Peers How a Bishop partakes of the prerogatiues of the greater Nobilitie Pares Curtis Douze pairs du France Their iustitution Patricius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 giuen to Ioseph by the Egyptians CHAP. X. AS most other Dignities had their beginning out of some Officiarie performance
imprudenter non declinata vt interfecti Aelij amicos Armigerosque eius sibimet sociaret And how Esquiors were by that name attendant on great men in the field the stories of Froissart specially and the like instruct where the l V. Ordination Classis Regis Fr. in Adam Myrimuth Ms. meanest of the Armie also are titled by this name And how Knights and Esquiers attended on Noblemen and of their liueries and number you may see what is worth obseruation in that m Apud I. Stouaeum in Notitia Londini pag. 86. account made by H. Leicester Cofferer to Thomas Earle of Lancaster vnder Edward the second You may also remember the Retainer n 13. Hen. 4. tit Entriâ— 57. v. etiam Mar. Sanud Torsel Secret Fidel. lib. 3. part 7. c. 1. in time of Henry IV. of one to be Esquire in time of Peace But because it was the next to Knight and both of them had their root in things of generous performance no name happen'd fitter to distinguish the better sort of Gentlemen from Knight and those as I may say of the vulgar Gentrie These are all the generall Titles superior to Gentrie Of the particular Orders of Knighthood by themselues and those of Barons with the rest vpward wee call the Greater Nobilitie the others beneath them the Lesse Nobilitie And as Dukes Marquisses Earles Vicounts and Barons are Peers and by that name specially known in like sort Knights Esquires Gentlemen and Yeomen being Free-men and Denizens of all sorts in our Law are as of the same rank for the Title of Paritie Therefore in the Grand Charter wherâ— no Free-man is to bee imprison'd disseised vtlawd banisht or otherwise made subiect to any Iudgement nisi per legale iudicium Parium suorum vel per legem terrae i. but by the lawfull iudgement of his Peers or by wager of law For so is lex terrae vnder fauor there to be interpreted and amittere legem terrae that is to lose the libertie of swearing in any Court is vsd by old o Glanuil lib. 2. cap. 3. 19. Autors of our Law for the Punishment of the Champion ouercome or yeelding in battell vpon a writ of Right and of Iurors found guiltie in a writ of Attaint And Vadiare legem and facere legem are vsuall in euery dayes records of this age neither in those elder times was any triall more frequent both in Reall and Personall actions then Ley Gager howsoeuer since it is restrained to some two or three personall actions as Det Detinue Accompt That Parium suorum hath been in cases where trials of criminall matter in fact haue been so alwaies interpreted that what lay Baron soeuer be arraigned by inditement of Treason Felonie or what is capitall hee shall be tried by Barons and vnder that name I include all aboue Barons and not by any of lesse Nobilitie the rest not being his Peers But any inferior man in like criminall causes hath his triall indifferently by Knights Esquires Gentlemen or Yeomen which in law are taken for Pares The like interpretation vpon exception was made in the p Holinshed arraignment of Sir Nicholas Throekmorton vnder Q. Mary of the words soiâ— attaint per gentes de lour condition i. be attainted by men of their condition in the Statut de Proditoribus of XXV Ed. III. and Gentlemen Esquires and Yeomen were indifferently held as men of his condition although he had the honor of Knighthood Nor is the common practise at this day otherwise Vpon that priuiledge of the Grand Charter Richard Earle of Cornwall sonne to King Iohn grounded his answere when vpon his opposition in clayming his own interest against a grant made by his brother Hen. III. to one Waleram a Dutchman of a Mannor indeed belonging to his Earldome he was by Letters required by the King to permit Waleram quiet possession but with a beseeming answer hee shewed his own right maintained it and offerd q 28. Hen. 3. in Matth. Paris Curiae Regiae subire iudicium Magnatum regni Rex verò Iustitiarius the words are in Matthew Paris and this Iustice was Hubert de Burgo Chief Iustice of England and then newly created Earle of Kent audientes nominare Magnates maxima sunt indignatione succensi Hereon the King verie hastily and much mou'd inioyns his brother either to render quiet possession to Waleram or depart the English soile But the Earle constantly quod nec Waleramo ius suum redderet nec sine iudicio Parium suorum à regno exiret Which was spoken with more iudgment then what hee answerd to the Baronage vpon his return out of Germanie where by one faction he was chosen Emperor The Baronage required his oth for a peacefull aide and vnitie with them in ordering the State and the matters touching his stay in England but hee vtterly refusd it and with looks of intermination adds Non habeo Parem in Anglia Filius n. Regis praeteriti sum frater presentis Comésque Cornubiae For plainly in the Noble Baronage of England all are Peers Precedence of Birth or title notwithstanding that is among themselues not to the King Which Bracton thus affirms Parem non habet Rex in Regno suo quia sic amitteret preceptum cum par in parem non habeat imperium and thereto one of our r 22. Ed. 3. sol 3 b. vide 25. Ed. 3. sol 55. b. yeer-books expresly accords making yet as if I know not vpon what ground that till Edward I. his time who they say ordaind he would be sued by petition the King might haue been commanded by a Praecipe as any other subiect which includes some more Parity then Royall Maiestie can admit But as a most vnderstanding s Stanford in Prerog Reg. cap. 15. Iudge hath obserud it s not likely that euer the law could be so and by Bracton its manifest that vnder Henrie III. it was not so In whose name should the Writ be directed I know some question hath been anciently touching the t v. Kâ—lway fol. 171. in 6. Hen. 8 Br. tit Peticion 12. tit Prerogat 31. Matth. Par. fol 563. de Comite Cestriae high Constable of England for this point I must not here dispute that But these Peers haue by interpretation of the Grand Charter and vse of the Common law place only in criminall causes now and capitall not in triall of common pleas And in Capitall so only that then Barons are tried by Barons when vpon Inditement they are arraigned For if an Appeale of Murder Robberie or the like be brought against a Baron he is it being the suit of the partie to be tried by a Common Iurie That difference hath time produced as likewise another part of the Grand Charter touching the Amerciament of Earles and Barons per Pares suos secundum modum delicti is by vse in the u Videsis Casum Griesly Comment 8. D. Coke fol.
40. Common law grown verie diuers from what the words are And the amerciament for the in misericordia of an Earle Baron and Bishop is fiue pound in certain and the books giue the reason where that amerciament occurres because they are Peers of the Realm And since Dukes haue been here theirs is accounted x 19. Ed. a sol 9. v. 38. Ed. 3. fol 31. a. 21. Ed. 4. fol. 77. Br. tit Amerciament 47. ten pounds But for the Paritie of those which should amerce the 〈…〉 seems that euen when the Grand Charter was granted the Barons of the Exchequer and the Kings lustices were held for their sufficient Pares Out of Bracton is my Testimonie Comites verò vel Barones saith hee non sunt amerciandi nisi per Pares suos secundum modum delicti hoc per Barones Scaccarij vel coram ipse Rege Therefore in a Writ of Right brought against Henry Earle of Northumberland y 1. Hen. 6. sol 7. a. vnder Henrie VI. where vpon Battell ioynd and default iudgment finall was to be giuen against the Earl with the in Misericordia the addition in the expressing of it on the Bench saies Mes in tant que le Counte est vn Peer de Realm il sera amercie par ces peers solonque lestatute pur ceo Nous mittons amerciament en certain And although in this point of Amerciament a Bishop be in the smae degree with a lay Baron yet for triall z Temp. Hen. 8. tit Triall 142. de Episcopo Rosfensi by his Peers in capitall crimes he is otherwise because that is personall and his being a Baron is ratione Officij Tenurae not of personall Nobilitie Yet also in cases touching his estate as in Reall actions or personall which may touch his Realtie hee hath the prerogatiue of a lay Baron as not to haue the Iurie returnd vpon a a 13. Ed. 3. Chalenge 115. Enquest 43. 8. Eliz. Dy. fol. 246. vide Plowd Com. 1. c. Newdigat 14. 15. â—lizab Dy. fol. 318. a. Uenire facias without a Knight in it which for both lay and spirituall Barons is allowd for a good challenge to the Array as a priuiledge of Nobilitie The reason of that double Parity in England that is that all Barons and Dignities aboue them are Peers of the Realm and all other vnder them are Peers also mongst themselues I imagined to proceed from the Feudall Customes of Pares Curtis Domus or Palatij For as all Tenants eyther Knights Squires or Yeomen Freemen to the King or Subiect are in regard of their Lords Court and their own like Tenancies Peers known by that name of Pares Curtis in the Feudalls so Barons Earles Dukes and the like being with vs in England Tenants in regard of their Baronies Earldomes and Dukedomes only except those ancient possessors of XIII Knights Fees and a third part which were so Pares Baronum also to the King or rather to the Crown had among themselues a speciall and distinct Parity by reason of their Lords sole Maiestie and might not amisse bee stiled Pares Regij or Coronae because the very names of their Dignities supposd their Tenures of greater note and of the Crown necessarily and immediatly Whereas the other inferior Dignities as they had to do with Tenures or expresse Offices were farre more common as they had regard to subiects Although in this difference a sufficient exactnes of reason be not yet I suspect that a better is hardly found The Pairs and Pairries of France or their Douze pairs are of another kind and as by a speciall honor of State so calld Of them were anciently VI. lay and as many ecclesiastique The lay were the Dukes of Guienne of Burgundie and Normandie the Earles of Tholouze Flanders and Champagne The ecclesiastique the Archbishop of Rheims in regard of his prerogatiue of annointing the King chief of them all the Bishops of Laon Langres in reputation Dukes also the Bishops of Beaunais Chalons and Noyon Earles Of these the Earldom of Flanders being now in another Dominion and the other fiue lay Dignities vnited to the Crown of France the Ecclesiastique only remain But so that the pleasure of the State hath since reordained diuers other Pairries as they call them Bretagne Du Haillan liure 3. Du Tillet Plusours Burbon Aniou Berry Orleans and others Their Dignitie claimed precedence of what other Princes of the bloud soeuer and it s reported that at the Coronation of Charles VI. Philip the first of that name Duke of Burgundie had place of his elder brother Lewes Duke of Aniou vpon this reason But at the Coronation of Francis II. the Q. Dowager Catharine disliking that any of the later instituted Peers those ancient Cl. Fauchet de Dig. lib. 2. being now extinct should haue preeminence of the Kings children so ordered that her other sonnes all clothed in the habit of Peers should go immediatly after the King The first creation of them by the common opinion is referd to Charles le magne and some neater iudgments dare follow it But it s not likely that they were instituted vntill the Dignities of Duke and Earle grew Hereditarie which was not till after Charlemagne Much lesse should iudgment referre them to our British Arthur a time more then M. yeers since as some do perswaded by a tradition in our British storie which the great Lawier Hotoman also assents to Indeed in Geffrey of Monmouth they are spoken of by the name of XII Consules in the life of Arthur and Robert of Glocester in Arthur calls them the b Douze Pairs Dosseperes of France Another and a reformd opinion is that about M. C. LXXX They were instituted by Lewes VII which I could haue soon credited had I not seen that the British storie turnd into Latine iust about Lewes VII his age by that Geffrey of Monmouth as also c Hotoman Francogall cap. 14. Gaguin Chron. 4. cap. 1. Geruase of Tilburie in his Otia Imperialia dedicated to the Emperor Otho IV. euen next that very time had mencioned the XII Peers generally with reference of them to Arthur Which it seems they would neuer haue don although their professions had been meer Poeticall fiction had the name been in their present ages newly instituted And many think and not without good reason that the British storie was although of no great credit yet ancient before the translation Others d De Villiers ad Fulberti Ep. 96. referre them to K. Robert or Rupert He raignd twixt M. and M. XXX I will beleeu that about him they might haue their originall because before him no such testimonie as is sufficiently credible instructs vs of them and the number But I will rather here play the meer Sceptique Yet that before this Lewes France had its Cour de Pairs or Conuentus Parium which after the institution of the Douze pairs kept the name is plaine by Fulbert Bishop
of Chartres his mention of that Conuentus in his Epistles Hee liud vnder K. Robert Neither were they by institution e Bodin de Repub 3. cap. 1. Tillius Comm. de reb Gall. lib. 2. alij otherwise then as speciall Priuie Counsellers of State And doubtlesse had their name of Pares from a proportionat place in Court to that of the Pares Curtis in the Feudalls And were titled from the Paritie twixt themselues whence an old Romant f Gualter d' Auignon chez Fauchet de Dignit 2. calls them Compagnons Assez de mal me fit vostre oncle Ganelans Qui trahit en Espagne les douez Compagnons So do they both in France with vs and elswhere well interpret the Persian g Xenoph. Cyropaed 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. as if you should say compagnons en honeur Some and those of no small note haue thought that the French name of Pairs came out of Patrices or Patricij which indeed were of like Dignitie in the Declining Empire and first h Zosim hist. 2. vide verò libri huius extremam instituted farre different from those occurring in the elder Roman storie by Constantine the great And howeuer in a Constitution of Theodosius and i Nouell tit 46. edit a Pith. Valentinian any that was twise Consul had precedence of a Patricius yet Sublimis Patriciatus honor by the Emperor k C. de Coss. l. 3. v. C. de Decur l. 66. Zeno caeteris omnibê° anteponitur in the gift of it to l Cassiodor Var. 3. epist. 5. vide Subscript Priuilegio Tertulli Coenobio Casinensi Importunê° by Theodorique it 's call'd munus plenarium Dignitatum The deduction of it is from Pater and as if they were calld the Kings or Emperors Fathers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith m Authent 81. in Praefat. Iustinian of them which in a manner is interpreted in that of his also n C. de Coss L. S. Sancimus V. Cassiodor Var. 6. form 2. Qui à nobis loco patris honorantur Whence a Patricius is call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Father of the State and o Antholog li. 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and by composition of the word p Luitprand lib. 1. cap. 7. 9. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wherewith the Emperor Leo about DCCCXC honor'd Zautzas father to his delicate Concubine Zoe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. hauing newly inuented this Dignitie which was not before as Cedren's words are Neither was it new then as to some other Nations but only in composition For Haman in the letters of Artaxerxes is said to haue been so much q Esâ—h cap. 16. Comm. 8. de hac re consulas Plutarchum in Lucullo honor'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. that he was call'd our Father and that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Abrech proclaim'd before Ioseph is by r Genes 41. Com. 43. the Chalde of Onkelos and Ionathan and the Hierosolymitan Targum taken for Father of the tender King or tender Father of the King although some interpret it kneel down The title of Patricius was of such honor that Charles le Magne before he was crown'd Emperor had it as an additament of Greatnesse That it was as the same with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Magister anciently as a learned s Meurs Gloss. Graeco-barb in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 man would I haue not yet perswaded my selfe But of Peers and Patrices thus much Bannerets Chiualers à Bannier Drappeau quarrè Baron Of France Bannerets in England The forme of making Sir Iohn Chandos a Banneret Bannerets not created by Patent 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Baronet Baroneti for Bannereti in old Monks A Banneret discharged from being Knight of the Parlament The new title of Baronet created by our present Soueraign The Decree of their precedence Knights of the Bath France and England The forme of their creation with vs. The Riband they are to weare vntill some Prince or Ladie pull it off Knights of the Collar Torquati Order of the Garter S. George speciall particulars of him The Round Table Della Nuntiata Order Du Toison d'Or Of S. Michael De Saint Esprit De l'Estoille De Croissant Some obscure and obsolet Orders of France De la Banda Of S. Andrew Of the Elephant Of the Sword Of the Burgundian Crosse. Di sangue di saluatore Di Santo Steffano Di S. Marco Peetermen Why Religious Orders are here omitted CHAP. XI OF ORDERS some are Religious only and destinate to some particular actions as the Templars anciently the Hospitalars the Ordo Teutonicorum in Prussia and diuers other of like nature since instituted in Italy specially and in Spain against the Turks in such places where they are instituted and being vnder some Religious Order and meerly de la Croce or of the Crosse. I reckon them rather as officiarie Knights then honorarie and omit them because also they occurre euery where els Others are meerly Ciuill and honorarie And of these some are such as haue their speciall honor in most parts of the Western Christendom others only in the particular Countries where their first being was The first sort of this last kind are BANNERETS and of the BATH and first of them Bannerets are Chiualers à Banier Chiualers à drappeau quarré or Equites Vexillarij from their right of bearing a Banner Standard or Square Ensigne in the warres with their Armes on them wheras Knights Bachelors may not do so The Germans call them Banner-heers In an old French Autor t Anthonie de la salle chez L'oyseau des Grandes seig cap. 5. §. 50. des Cheualeâ—s à Bannier vois Pasquier Recerch du France Liu. 2. cap. 9. Le Baron est inuesty auec vn Drappeau quarré le Banneret auec vn drappeau in escusson that is the Baron is made by giuing him a square Ensigne or Banner but the Banneret by an Ensigne in Scutchion fashion or a Pennon And the Customs of Poictou as L'oyseau cites Le Comte Vicomte ou Baron peut porter Banniere qui est adire qu'il peut en guerre en armoiries porter ses armes en quarré ce que ne peut le seigneur Chastellan que seulement les peut porter en form d'escusson Yet now both with them and elswhere the Square Banner is a proper and denominating Ensigne to the Banneret which is one saith the same L'oyseau to whom the King hath giuen power to aduance his Banner although hee bee neither Baron Viscont or Chastellan but he ought to be of good possession and haue vnder him x. Vassals and such means as are able to maintain a troop of horse Vntill about Edward III they were not in England as the learn'd Clarenceulx well coniectures That King ereated u Pat. 15. Ed. 3. part 2. memb 22. 23. Iohn Coupland a Banneret for his great seruice in taking Dauid of Bruis II. of that name King of Scots
of Lady Madame and Dame with a grant quod nec nos nec Heredes vel successores Nostri de caetero in posterum erigemus ordinabimus constituemus aut creabimus infra hoc Regnum nostrum Angliae aliquem alium gradum Ordinem nomen titulum Dignitatem siue statum sub vel infra gradum dignitatem siue statum Baronum huius Regni nostri Angliae qui erit vel esse possit superior vel aequalis Gradui Dignitati Baronettorum praedictorum And further that after the proposed number of CC. made quod tunc nos non creâ—â—imus vel praeficiemus aliquam aliam personam vel personas in Baronettum vel Baronettos Regni nostri Angliae sed quod Numerus dictorum CC. Baronettorum ea ratione de tempore in tempus minuetur in minorem numerum cedet redigetur Vpon point of precedence a great controuersie grew afterward between these new Baronets and the yonger sonnes of Viscounts and Barons and after the Counsell on both parts three seuerall dayes at large heard by his Maiestie in person it e 28. Maij. 10. Iacobi Regis was decreed adiudged and established that the yonger sonnes of Viscounts and Barons shall take place and precedence before all Baronets And that such Bannerets as shal be made by the Kings Maiestie his heirs and successors vnder his or their Standard displaied in an Armie Royall in open Warre and the King personally present for the terme of the liues of such Bannerets and no longer according to the most ancient and noble institution shall for euer hereafter in all places and vpon all occasions take place and precedence as well before all other Bannerets whatsoeuer no respect being had to the time and prioritie of their Creation as likewise before the yonger sonnes of Viscounts and Barons and also before all Baronets And again that the yonger sonnes of Visconts and Barons and also all Baronets shall in all places and vpon all occasions take place and precedenee before all Bannerets whatsoeuer other then such as shall be made by the King himself his heirs and successors in person and in such speciall case manner and forme as aforesaid And that the Knights of the most honorable Order of the Garter the Priuie Counsellors of his Maiestie his heirs and successors the Master of the Court of Wards and Liueries The Chancellour and vnder Treasurer of the Exchequer Chancellour of the Duchie the chief Iustice of the Court commonly called the Kings bench the Master of the Rolls the chief Iustice of the Court of Common pleas the chief Baron of the Exchequer and all other the Iudges and Barons of the degree of the Coife of the said Courtâ— now and for the time being shall by reason of their Honorable order and employment of State and Iustice haue place and precedencie in all places and vpon all occasions before the yonger sonnes of Visconts and Barons and before all Baronets any custome vse ordinance or other thing to the contrarie notwithstanding But that no other person or persons whatsoeuer vnder the degree of Barons of Parliament shall take place before the said Baronets except only the eldest sonnes of Viscounts and Barons and others of higher degree whereof no question euer was or can bee made And in the same Decree his Maiestie further granted to knight the present Baronets which were then no Knights and that the heires males of the bodie of euerie Baronet hereafter when he shall be of XXI yeers Vpon knowledge thereof giuen to the Lord Chamberlaine of the Houshold or Vicechamberlaine for the time being or in their absence to any other Officer attending vpon his Maiesties person shall be Knighted by his Maiestie his heirs and successors And that the Baronets and their descendants shall and may beare either in a Canton in their Coat of Armes or in an Inscutcheon at their election the Armes of Vlster that is a field Argent a hand Gueules And also that the Baronets for the time being and the heirs males of their bodies shall haue place in the Armies of the Kings Maiestie his heirs and successors in the grosse neer about the Royall Standard of the King his heirs and successors for the defence of the same And lastly that the Baronets and the heirs males of their bodies shall haue two assistants of the Bodie to support the Pall a Principall Mourner and foure assistants to him at their funeralls being the meane betwixt a Baron and a Knight I haue transcribed this because out of it may be collected somwhat touching other Dignities and although a Baronet being a descendible honor is not properly mongst Knights yet because by the Decree a Knighthood is so due 〈…〉 it I shall not be much subiect to error of method for putting it here as occasion also was offerd Those of the BATH were anciently mongst the old Franks Prisci Franci saith f Idem mos in Hispanis olim Hieronym Roman apud Menen in Equest Ord. vbi de Banda Ad equestâ—em dignitatem veteres ritus solennes reuocasse Franciscum 1. Galliarum Regem scribit Hadr. Iunius in Batauiae cap. 19. Du Tillet ceremonias instituendis Equitibus multas adhibuerunt vt prius vigilarent diu Balneisque alijs rebus vterentur Quarum ceremoniarum vsus memoria nostra perstat in Anglia vbi viros eiusmodi vocant Balneorum Equites The eldest creation of them mongst vs rememberd is at the Coronation of Henrie IV. for to talk of Iulius Caesar's knights of the Bath is the worst of what is ridiculous Hee then in the Tower made XLVI and at Coronations Royall Marriages Christning or Knighting the Prince and such like were wont many to be made The particulars of the more ancient forme of Creation are at large by others g Segar Honor Milit. lib. 2. cap. 11. deliuerd and I had rather refer you to them then transcribe so much In these times the chief ceremonies are not much differing from the old that such as out of the fairest flowers of Nobilitie are to be thus honord the h Camd. in Ord. day before the creation heremit-like in ashcolour robes in a hood and a linnen cap and booted go to Praiers there to offer themselues first to God then attended euery one by two Esquires and a Page remember here the Trimarcisia which we speak of out of Pausanias they sup together Thence into a chamber Where euerie one hath his bed furnished with red Couering charged with his Armes and by his bathing Tub couerd with linnen clothes In this after some deuotions they wash themselues Next morning they are raised with Musique Then the Constable of England the Marshall and others hereto by the King appointed giue euery of them his oth binding him to the specall honor of God his Church and the King and to the defence of Widows Virgins Orphans Then vsherd by the Kings Musicians and Heralds they go in their Heremit-like weeds to Morning Prayer whence they
it s mentiond that Richard Coeur de Lion purposd a like vpon som comfort receiud in his wars against the Turks and Agarens from S. George Illabente are the words per Diui Georgij vt opinatum est interuentum spiritu venit in mentem vt quorundam electorum Militum cruribus coraceum subfibulum quale ad manus tunc solum habebat induceret quo futurae Gloriae memores ex condicto si vincerent ad rem fortitèr ac strenuè gerendam expergefierent ad Romanorum instar apud quos illa Coronarum varietas The Kings of England are Soueraigns of the Order and Henrie V. ordaind the King of Heralds Garter for it Many suprem Princes haue been honord with it Why this was dedicated to S. George may easily be known if you remember how vniuersall a Patron he is in Christianitie For although hee be n v. 10. Hen. 7. cap. 20. Statut. Hiberniae now with vs as particular as S. Denis in France S Iames in Spain S. Andrew in Scotland S. Mark in Venice S. Patrike in Ireland S. Antonie in Italy yet not only the Emperor Frederique III. Pope Alexander VI. and the State of Genoa of later time ordaind certain Colledges of Knights de la Croce vnder S. George against the profest enemies of Christ and the Armes of the great Duke of Moscouie are iust as our S. George but also this very name of the Saint is vsually taken for Christ himselfe and his Serpent for the Diuell It s true that our Edward III. made his inuocation at the battell of Caleis Ha Saint Edward Ha Saint George and that Rama or as others o Anna Comnena Alexiad n. Malmesb. lib. 4. alij Ramel where in the Holy Warres about M. XCV a Bishop in honor of him was constituted because in an p Robert Monach hist. Hierosolym lib. 8. apparition Celestial and of the Albati Milites he was affirmd to be the Standard-bearer or Antesignanus is the place famous for his Martyrdome and Shrine and other particulars in the Legend occurre to this purpose yet Georgij saith Pope q Dist. 15. c. 3. § item gesta Gelasius aliorumque huiusmodi passiones quae ab haereticis perhibentur conscriptae propter quod ne vel leuis ordiretur subsannandi occasio in sancta Romana ecclesia non leguntur In the Greek Menologie hee is cal'd Tropelophorus which is so cited by that great Cardinal Baronius But I wonder hee mended it not Plainly it should be Tropaeophorus And an Eastern s Ioann Euchait in Hypomneum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pag. 51 Bishop writing to Constantin Monomachus calls S. George 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And in another place hee calls him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by which name to the Greeks he was known Of him you haue enough in the Martyrologies in the XXIII of Aprill on which the feast of these Knights is celebrated with great solemnitie at Windsor where the Chappell is dedicated to our Ladie and S. George the Dean being Register of the Order and you may see also Erhard Celly in his late description of Frederique Duke of Witemberg his installation into it by fauour Of the Round Table of our present Soueraign The Mahumedans honor t Cantacuzen Apolog. 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 him as we They call him Chederle which one expresses by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Som talk of S. George born by King Arthur in one of his Banners But what is deliuerd of that Prince is so vncertain that euen the truth of his honord deeds is by incredible reports of him obscur'd Yet by the way his Order of the Round Table must not here bee forgotten Some make his first celebration of it at Caerleon in Monmouth others at Winchester where the Table is supposd yet to be but that seems of later date and Camelot in Somerset is famous u v. Leland Assert Arturij alios by it Of Winchester and the marriage of Igerne to Vter Pendragon father to Arthur Harding speaks as if Vter had begun it for Knights and Ioseph of Arimathia for religious persons And at the Day he wedded here and cround And she ferforth with child was then begonne To comfort her he set the Table round At Winchester of worthiest Knights alone Approued best in Knighthood of their foone Which table round Ioseph oâ— Arimathie For Brother made of the Saint x Sang Real i. Sangue Royal or Christs Bloud see if you will the storie of Arthur Gral only In which he made the sige perilous Where none should sit without great mischief But one that should be most religious Of Knights all and of the Round table chief The Saint Gral that should recouer and acheue By aduenture of his fortunitie It s like enough some such thing as Arthurs Order of this kind might be For out of Heger Earl of Mansfeild his being of it the antiquitie of y Spangb apud Ortelium in Mansfeild that Earldom in Saxonie is deriud and in Denbighshire as Stow tells vs in the Parish of Lansannan on the side of a stonie hill is a circular plain cut out of a main rock with some XXIV seats vnequall which they call Arthur's Round Table But many particulars of it as the names of the Knights the certain number their Coat Armor and such more whereof too largely are testimonies such as they be extant I beleeu as much as a Rablais liure 2. chap. 30. him that saies Sir Lancelot du lac fleas horses in hell and that all these Arthurian Knights are poor Watermen vpon Styx Acheron and other Riuers there to ferrie Spirits and Diuels vp and Down and that their fare is a fillip on the nose and at night a peece of mouldie bread But for the Round Table it seems it was in vse for Knights to sit at mongst the old Gaules as Posidonius b Athenaeus Dipnos 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 remembers and that to auoid controuersie about precedence A forme much commended by a late c Gemos. Halograph lib. 3. cap. 9. Writer for the like distance of All from the Sâ—lt being Center first and last of the Table furniture It s certain that it hath been in vse since the Normans mongst our Kings and in France Matthew Paris speaks of it in Hen. III. and Mortimer's vnder Edward I. at Kelingworth is famous in storie But what Thomas of Walsingham hath of Edward the third 's at Windsor before the Garter and of Philip of Ualois his in France receiue out of his own words Anno M. CCC XLIV qui est annus regni Regis Edwardi à conquestu terty XVIII Rex Edwardus fecit conuocari plures artifices ad Castrum de Windsore remember that before out of Froissart caepit aedificare domum quae Rotunda Tabula vocaretur habuit aut em eius area à centro ad circumferentiam per semidiametrum c. pedes sic diametrum c c.
289. like Los Ricos Hombres in Spain and Valuasors in the Empire ibid. A Barons ancient inuestiture and Banner 353. See in Cheualier and in Grestock and in Stafford Baro in Cicero Persius 258 Barons of the Exchequer 347. 391 Barons of the Cinque Ports 216 Baronagium Angliae Barnagium 277 Barigildi 264 Barn or Bern and Bernage 267 Bardus 260 Barkshire the old custome there in paying Reliefs 272 Bauiere the Dukedome anciently hereditarie and how vnder the French Kings 190 Bachelor Knights their deriuation 336 Batalarij and Baccalaurei 336 Bandum 354. 355 Baronetti in old Storie 355 Baronets created by King Iames. 356 357. their precedence 358 Bath Knights of the Bath 359. seq Bassa and Bassilar 376 Beaumont first Viscount in England 256 Beauchamp first Baron by Patent 281 Bel. 9 Belenus and Belin who they were in the British and Gaulish Idolatrie 9. 10 Belatucadre a British Deitie 10 Belus was Nimrod 6. seq how they came to be the same 9. seq Beltishazzar the name of Daniel 66 Beldigian the Aethiopique Emperor his title 86. 88 Belul Gian i. Prester Iohn 85 Belisama Minerua a Goddesse in an old Inscription 11 Bees mongst them an exemplarie State 4 Benauente first Dukedome in Castile 205 Beta's in the Coat of Constantinople 21 Berosus the true one 8. the false one 17 Besemi Allahi alrrhehmeni alrrhehimi the beginning of euery Azoar of the Alâ—oran and of the Mahumedans bookes and spoken religiously in the beginning of euery work vndertaken 101 Beg and Beglerbeg 377. 379 Begluc and Beglerbegluc 377 Bilinumtia 10 Bishops anciently inuested by the Staffe or Rod and Ring 200. the making of Bishops without Conge d'eslier giuen to Ed. VI. by Act of Parlament 201 Birrus 194 Bishops how Barons 282. 347. wont to sit in the Sherifs Turne 225. when that altered ibid. 388 Bishops titles 118 Bishops how they partake of the Prerogatiues of the Greater Nobilitie 347 Bij 383 Black Prince See Prince of Wales Bohemia created into a Kingdome 28 Britons and Britain A prophecie that the Britons should be Emperors of Rome 38. Constantine the Great born in Britain 37. See Christian and in England and English Breunin and Uhrennin i. King 45 Bretagne The Dukes greatnes there 116. forbidden to write Dei gratia ibid. Of that was the first Duke known by the distinct Title in France 149 Bructerans where they had their habitation 176 Brutes Oracle 36 Breeches how in vse anciently 148 Buccellatum what 336 Bulk Bulcoglar and Bulcouitz 78 Bulgarie the Kings prerogatiue there by indulgence from the Eastern Empire 22. 23 C CArpi Carpisculus what 72 Caradenizi 1. Mare delle Zabach 90 Carachan Carchan a dignitie 89 Carathay 90 Cardarigan and Carderigas dignities 90. 91 Calendar 378 Carniola Dukedome to be made by the Archduke 193 Carpaluc 1. Mare delle Zabach in Scythian 90 Cafe the place heretofore of the inauguration of the Sophi 95 Cap of Purple of the Moscouite 152 Cappa Honoris 207. 239 Capitaneus and Capitania 265. 289 Caesar and Caesarea Celsitudo giuen to the Grand Signior 104 Caesar Iul. how he refused the name of King 19. Caesar how that Title began in the Empire 69. when in the Successors apparant 170. it signifies an Elephant 69. 70 Caesar as it was a dignity in the Eastern Empire 171. 122 Capitales Baroniae 276 Capita Captiuitatis 154 Capellani or Chaplains whence so call'd 243 Caduceus of Mercurie 155 Caruagia and Carucagia 270 Causia the Macedonian Cap. 145 Capcanus 91 Canis in the Scaligeran Family 92 Canopie born by whom 216 Cam or Can See Cham. Caliph See Chaliph Caspian Sea or Mer de Bachu 106 Catholique the Title of Spain 80. 131 Caualieri di Sprone di Collana 383 Celebalatzaijr 1. the Procyon 13 Celts a genèrall name for the Europaeans 75 Celsitudo 120 Ceremonie in making the Chaliph 95. for Ceremonies see in Annointing in Banners in Sword in Bishops 152. and in Earth and Water in Inuestiture 207 Cernouitz 78 Chaldaeans their incredible stories of 150000. yeares 61 Chaldè in Aethiopia 86. 23 Chaganus whence and what 91 Cham Chahan Can. 90. 383 Cham or Chan of Cathay the Title whence 87. seque his Title 92. and see 98. Champagne Palatins 246 Chanaranges a dignitie 91 Chanoglan 89 Chaplets of leaues worne by Kings 145. 152 Chastellans of Poland 24â— Chaliphs and Chaliphat the ancient and their ends 93. what and whence Caliph 94. 97. Chalifs inauguration 95 Chaliph and Papa being the same 90 Chaliph of Bagdet his Tiar or Cidaris 146. 147 Chazaria 1. Taurica Chersonesus 91 Cheque what 111 Chondichâ—ar a Turkish addition of greatnesse 103 Children receiued at their birth in purple 83 Children like their parents in Praefatione Christ figured in the two first letters of his name 161 Christianissimus to the French 78 Christianitie speciallie among the Franks very ancient 79 Christian King first in Britain 78 Chlouis of France was not annointed King 131 Childbirth See Adam Chester a Writ of Right for part of the possessions of the Earldome anciently against Iohn the Scot Earle there 233. 244. made a Countie Palatin 247 Cheualier euery Parlamentary Baron so called in his Writ 283. whence deriu'd 332. the same with Miles 332. 334 Cheorlborn and Cheorlman mongst our Saxons 267. 268 Cinque Ports 216. See Barons Cimbrians who 294 Cidaris Citaris 144 Citie first built 14 16 Cingis or Cinchis Cham. 87. 88. 92 Cingulum Militis 309. Cingulum Otiosum Dignitatis militiare 312 Cinctura See in Dukes and Earles created Clarissimus 383 Cleargie men not to iudge in life and death 253 Cleta 76 Clito and Clitunculus 176 Cock See in Nergal Collar of SS 343 Collars giuen to Knights 362. 333 Common wealth how it began 2 Computation of years from the beginning of the world 6. and see in the Title of the old Roman Emperors 19. of the late and Christian. 171 Persian computation from their Neuruz 112. from the Arabian or Mahomedan Hegira 163 Compagnon le Roy. 44 Comes 220. how it differd from or was the same with Dux 182. 183 184. 186. 187. seq the same with Dux and Maâ—chio sometimes 213 Comes Matronae 219 Comites Maiores Minores 187 220 Comes See Counts Primi Secundi Tertij Ordinis 183 Comitiua 183. 184. seq Primi Ordinis ibid. Comitatenses Legiones 220 Comites Consistoriani 220 Comites whence the word deriu'd 228. 232 Comitiua Vacans 184 Comes Palatij was not the same with Maire du Maison 243. and of them more there following 385 Commarepani 209. 319 Consilium Domini Regis 279 Countors 292 Constable of England 216 Congé d'eslier 201 Concret See in Abstract Court Baron 273 Constantinople the Coat 21 Constantine the Great first of the Emperors writing himself Dominus publiquely 48. his DonatioÌ„ to the See of Rome 56. 151. he first vsd a Diadem how
was as the Sherif among the Saxons 225. 254. and sate in the Turn with the Bishop ibid. 388. when that was altered ibid. Difference of Ealdormen 226. 227. 269. 270 See in Alderman Ealdordom 255 Ebrew See in Tongues Eddin what 112 Edgar written Emperor 25. 35 rowed ouer Dee by 8. Kings 35 his dominion 55. Edgar Etheling 177 Edward III. writing to Philip de Valois King of France would not stile him King 30 Eires and Enquests there 321 Elamits See in Aelamits Elymaei 109 Electors what they bear 158 Elephant in Caesars coyne and the word in diuers languages 69. See in Orders Ely made a Countie Palatin 247 Eleutho whence for Lucina 165 Elhabassen i. Ethiopians 86 Emperor the beginning of the name 19. Those of the East and West differing about the Title 22. seq 387. vsed by the English Kings 25. 35. and Spanish â—6 Emperor of Russia how he vseth that Title 28. How the Emperor is Dominus Mundi to the Ciuiuilians 26. See in Britons How the Emperors tooke their Surnames 72. Emperors See in Computation in Annointing in Crowns Empires ensignes obsolet in Praefat. Emperor of Germanie calld Vrum Padischah 103 Enessarlar 106 Enosha first Citie built of the world 14 Englands King anciently claimed quicquid Imperator in Imperio in point of supremacie 26. 38. Free from the Pope ibid. See in King in Imperator England when how and by whom named 31. see in Ang. in Heptarchie Entimos in a Charter of Edward III. 198 English Kings annointed 133. when first ibid. Crown'd first 153 See in Britons and in Arthur Eorles See Earles Epitaphs 124 125. 174. 36. Equites Romani 324. the Ordo Equestris as touching their Gold Rings disputed of 325. the Notes of an Eques 326 Equites Illustres 275. 324 Equus Publicus 325 Equestris Census 320 Equites Aurati 317. 361 Erdebil See in Haidar Ereskin first Vicount in Scotland 256 Erlic 223 Esau's kissing Iacob according to Iewish Tradition 42 Espee de Dauid Elias 96 Escuyer 340 Esquier 340. whence the name and how in our Languages 341. the same with Knaue ibid. fiue sorts of Esquiers 342. One made Esquier by Patent in Praefat. One retain'd to be Esquier in time of Peace 344. Esquiers attending on Knights 340 Ethiopian Emperor 16. See in Tongues and in Prester Iohn Etheling 176. 177. 224 Exerif 1. Serif 96 Excellentia Vestra 120 Excellent Grace 122 Exercitualo 272 Expeditio Pontis extructio Arcis munitio reserued alwaies in the freest of Sax. Charters 301 F FAtuitas tua Maxima to the Pope in the French Kings letters 117 Fesse and Marocco Emperor his title 103 Feuds there beginning 293. seq something like them in the old Roman State 294. 295. whether the Lombards were chief autors of them 295. seq against common opinion 297. whence transferd to other parts 297. Nobilitie from Feuds 295. 296. Feuds in the Eastern Empire 297. deriuation of the word 302 Feud See Field Feuds made hereditarie 295 Feuds not to be aliened 297 Feuds in England before the Normans 300 Fealtie 190 Fief See Feud Filz aisne de l'esglise 79 Filius Ecclesiae Maior Minor Tertius 79 Fitzhaimon See Mabile Fire born before the Emperors of Rome and Persian Kings in Praefat. Flauius the forename of Lombardian Kings 76 Florence where PP Pius v. would haue made Cosmo di Medices King but the neighbour Princes would not suffer it 30. The Crown Radiant giuen to the Duke by the Pope 153. 206. 207. the Inscription vpon the Crown 207 Flanders Earldom its Dignitie 116 its beginning 195 Foragia 270 Fodrum 270 Forinsecum 283 Franks the generall name 37. 75 Frater Solis Lunae in a Kings Title 62 France See in Augustus in Annointing in Dukes in Bretagne in Christianissimus in Filius and Filz A coniecture of one why they admit no womans Gouernment 176. see in Salique See in Grecian Frank Padischach 1. King of France 103 Frilingi what 177 Freeheeren 283 Furca Fossa See in Pit and Gallowes G GAbriel the Angell and his deliuery of the Alcoran 104. 105 Gabriels wing cause of the Eclipse 163 Gaurlar 1. Christians 100 Gaesi 298 Gentrie See the Praeface George S. what 363. called Tropaeophorus 364. and Chederle ibid. Genius Caesaris 64 Gelal 110 Ge the Saxon particle 222 Gelt 264 Girding with the sword 238. See in the Creations of Duke Count c. Giul a Rose 89 Gian Belul 85 Giaen the Chaldè in Ethiopia 86 Glocester Earldom began 130 Gladius Comitatus Ducatus 237. 312 Gladij jus vsus 312 Globe and Crosse interpreted 159. See in Crosse. Globe in the Turkish Banner 378 Gower the Poet buried and how 361. 362 Golden world a meere fiction Gomman 44 Gods of the Idolaters in Princes Names so of the true God 65. 66 Gods applied to Princes 62. some stiling themselues Gods ibid. Reason why it s a denying of a Prince his Title iâ— giuing him the name of God 63. Iests on them which call'd their Princes Gods 67 Grands 206 Grafio Graue Greue 221. 226 Grafia 222 Greistock Baron 283 Grace 123 Grand Maistre of France 244 Grand Escuyer 342 Greece the ancient State of it 5. the name of Greece applied to some inward part of Asia 75. 76 Greek patches often affected by old Monks 22. Greek affected in this Western part in the middle times 198 Grithbreche 390 Grecians stiling forein Dignities by the names of those Countries to which they were applied 24 Grecian glory affected by the French Kings 258. 298 Great King by whom vsed 33 Gues Guas or Gais 297. 298 Guassdewr 298 Gylas a Dignitie 89 H HAue 1. Salue whence 53 Haudoni Haudonni in Plautus 53 Hannibal the name in Scripture 67 Harmodius and Aristogiton no bondman to be called so 67 Haman in Esther of what countrie he was 75 Han for Chan. 89 Haidar Prince of Erdebill 105. father to Ismael Sophi ibid. why he is called Arduclles and Ardebille 107 Hautesse Hastae for Diademata 149 Halil the Goddesse Alilat 165 Haeresis de Inuestitura 201 Half-koning 1. half king 227 Haliwerk Folks 248 Haut Iustice. 253 Hhabassia i. Terra Ethiopia 86 Hamilton first Marq. in Scotland 217 Hanses of the Goths in Praefat. Haire long worne by the French Kings See in the Praeface Hairs of horse tailes in ancient and late vse in the wars 378 Heptarchie of England vnder one 30 Herbam Dare victos 34 Helen mother of Constantine 37 Herus 48 Henry 11. his conquest and title in Ireland 55 Henry VIII against Luther 79 Hemiromomelin 99 Hegira of the Mahumedans 100. and its Root 163 Helme Radiant 140. Helme Gilt. 288. 289. Hehelguim See Ailwin Henty 1. See in Mabile Hertzoghen and Hertochij 208 Heriots 225. 272 Hehgerefas 225 Hexamshire its ancient names and a Countie Palatin 248 Heeren 283 Herefordshire Lawes 233 High and Mightie Prince 123 Highnesse 123 Hippocrates rewarded for curing a great Plague 137
Hidata Terra non Hidata 271 Hide of Land 271 Hidage what 270 Hippobatae 333 Hlafe afford Hlafford 61. Hlafe-die for Ladie 61 Honor and Reuerence Parents to Maiestie 121 Honor and Vertue their Temple in Praefat. Honorarij Codicilli 185. 220 Holland Earldom when began 194. 195 Holds 225 Holy Iland 248 Horse from it the name of Knight in all languages but English 332. 333. See in Haire Hunggiar a Turkish Title 103. giuen to a great fat Hog by Ismael Sophi in dishonor of Baiazeth 104 Humbert Daulphin 172 Hugh le Bigod his surrendring the Earldome of Norfolk 231 I IAuan vsd sometimes for Syria 75. 76 Iariffe i. Seriph 97 Iacupbeg 105 Ic dien 272 Idolatrie its beginning 9 Iewes their honoring of the New Moon 164. See in Sunne and in Childbirth Their Oaths Contracts and Seales 328. 329 Iewish Kings Crown 153 Ilethyia for Lucina whence 165 Illustres 383. 385 Imperator the name 19. 20. seq See Emperor Imperator Dominus to the Kings of England 25. 26. 35 Imperatori Proximus a Title 172 Images of the Roman Nohilitie in Praefat. Infulae 149 Inferiors to superiors their forme of speaking 114. 115 In Hoc Vince 16â— Infantes and Infanta 179 Inuestiture of Prouinces 1â—1 See in Duke Marquesse Count c. and in Bishops Iudex Fiscalis 221. 227 Ioannes cognomento Digitorum 56 Iohn an vnluckie name to Kings 205 Ioannes Belul for Prester Iohn 15. 86 Ioannes Encoe ibid. Iohn of Sarisburie vnder Henrie 11. requested the Pope to giue Ireland to Henrie 11. 56 Iohn afterward King of England made Lord of Ireland with a Crowne of feathers sent from the Pope 57. and afterwards would haue been a Mahumedan and sent for the Alcoran 102 Iosuah Ben Nun remembred in old columns erected by some that fled out of Canaan into Mauritania Tingitania in his time 70 Iochabelul i. Prester Iohn 87 Ireland its Kings anciently 31. 57. See in Dominus in Henry 11. in Iohn of Sarisb in Iohn King Subiect to Edgar a good part of it 55 Ireland Dukes of Ireland 58 Iupiters Tombe in Crete and his Epitaph 12. See in Baal His statue vsd to be had in Oaths 158 Iupiter Labradeus his statue 155 his statue in Constantinople 159 Iudith her story examined with coniectures on it 33. 34. not knowen to the Iewes but from Europe 33 Iulian Apostata forbidding to be called Dominus 48 Iudas of Galilee Autor of the Sect which would not allow any Prince the name of Lord. 49 Iuliers made of a Marquisate a Countie 214 Ius Aureorum disputed 324. seq K KArolouitz 78 Karm in Scythian 90 Keshish 110 Kelchyn 286 Kessar i. Caesar. 28 Keyser 70 Kentish-mens Prerogatiue anciently to be in the Uantgard in Praefat Kingdomes how begun 2. 3. seq vsque ad 17 King and Emperor their difference in the Roman Empire 20. seq See in Rex Kings in Clientela Imperatoris 28 Kings subiect to the Empire properly no Kings 29. seq King whence in seuerall languages 44 King crowned before born 145 Kings Freind 185 Kings see in Swearing in Crowns in Annointed in Scepter in Crosse in Knighting in Dukes c. Kings denominating their Nations 74. 75. 76 Kissilpassa whence 83. 106 Kissing the Emperors foot 38. kissing the forefinger or hand in adoration 38. kissing the bands 39 40 forbidden ibid. Hands Knees and Feet ibid. Popes foot 39. 40. why the hand was kissed 40. kissing at Farewels 42. Head Eies and Hands 42. kissing of Iacob by Esau. 42 A Statute against kissing the King 43. Numidian Princes why not kist 43. after Praiers and of Charitie 43. That Templars might not kisse a woman 373 Kidermister first Baronie in England by Creation by Patent 282 Knights and knighting some Course in the ancientest times like knighting 306. by giuing the deseruing arms and bauing him sit at his fathers Table 307. 308 Knighthood receiued from whom 308 Girding in knighthood 309. 310. seq by giuing a blow on the care 312. first mention of a Knighthood in England 313 Knighthood giuen by Churchmen 313. 314. Holie Ceremonies in the ancient taking of Knighthood in England and elswhere 314. Fees at the Knighting of a Great man anciently 315. Kings knighted by their subiects 315. by other Kings ibid. Knighting by meaner men 316. by a Knight of his owne power 317. form of knighting now 317. a supreme Prince may knight in any Territorie 317. No Knight to be made anciently vnlesse descended of Noble Parentage 318. a Knights Fee 319. and Relief ibid. by what value one may be compelld to take the Order 319. 320 322. Knight with land and without land 320. a Knights Equipage House and Furniture exempt from execution and issues 321. 322. his Arms discendible to his heirs 322. 323. Knights seale 323. if that were a Right of Knighthood 323. Aids to knighting 330. The Father being no Knight shall not haue aid to make the sonne a Knight 331. Knighting discharges Wardship and how 332. whence the name of Knight in seuerall languages 332. Knights Bachelors 336. 337. DegradatioÌ„ of a Knight 337. striking a Knight punished with losse of the hand 339. See in Bath in Banneret in Orders Knighthood to a Mahumedan by a Christian Emperor 380 Knecht 333 Knaue how it anciently signified 341 Knape Knabe 341 Knesi i. Dukes 27 Kneeling to Princes 4â— the answere of Philip 11. of Spain in excuse being saluted with kneeling 42 Konigin 44 Kopach the Russian Emperours Cap. 152 L LAws wont to bee sung and thence called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 15 Laws Ciuile when first profest in Praefat. Lauerd for Lord. 61 Ladie 61 Lars Lartes 59 Latins 75 Lazar and Lazars 78 Lamorabaquin in Froissart what 89 Laurell in Triumph 139. whence it was taken and of what tree 148 for the Caesars ibid. against Thunder ibid. Lazi Kings might not weare purple 144 Labarum and its form 161 Lazzi what 177 Lantgraue 221. 222. 246 Lancaster made a Palatinat 247 Lancaster sword 31 Lairds of Scotland 288 Letters 16. Lewes 11. See Basilius Leo X. gaue Henrie VIII the name of Defender of the faith 79. Leshari 105 Leuderique Bishop of Breme taxed of pride for vsing the name of Pastor and such like 118 Lewes XIII of France born 176 Leicester Earldom 235 Leod Bishop 225. 204 Leudes what 264 Leornung Cnechts 333 Leitou Palatins 249 Lewhelin Prince of Wales 275 Liuerie and seisin in some sort of England to the Normans 34 Lilith what 164 Limitum Duces 183. 209 Lithuania 193. 249 Liuonia 194. 240 Lindisfarn 248 Lord. See in Dominus in Iudas of Galilee in Hlafford and of the deriuation of the name 59. 60. 61 expressing a Baron 284 Louerd for Lord. 61 Loof and Loef 61 Lodouicus and Chlouis the same 71. 72. 78 London custome 265 Lords in curtesie 284 Lombards or Longobards 294 Lucanicus and Lucanica 72 Lucius first Christian King of Britain 78 Lunus and Luna 167 Lycosura first Citie according to Graecian
vanitie 16 M MArnas a God of the Gazaeans 12 Martyrs how they came to be worshipt 13 Magnus Dux Moscouiae 28. Lithuaniae 194. See Great Duke For Magnus see 382 Man the Isle its Kings 31 32 Maximilian his iest vpon his subiects 35 Martel of France 35 Marian the Scot. 36 Maranatha 49 Mauritania Tingitana peopled by such as were driuen out of Chanaan by Iosuah 70 Maqueda the Queene of Saba 86 Mar delle Zabach 90. 91 Moeotis 90 Mare Maggiore 90 Mamaluchs 94 Mahumet and his Alcoran 100. See Achmet and Abualtrazim Mah. his Alcor his flight out of Mecha See Hegira 163. See Moon Mahumedans superstition 101. 105. See Ali they allow the new and old Testament but say that Mahomets name was in it 100 Mahumet Resul Allahe 107 Magi Magia 108. Magick learned by the Persian Kings 108. but they were not Magi nor were their Kings Magi about our Sauiours birth 109. what Magus was 109. Slaughter of the Magi and a feast in remembrance of it 109. a Magus had the Persian Empire again 109 Maiestie 118 Maiestas how it was vsed 119. 120 Maiestie the daughter of Honor and Reuerence 121. where Maiestie was first vsd in England to the King 125 Magnitudo 119 Marquesse whence 209. seq 212. first Marquesse mentioned and the error of Crantzius 213. Marquisats of the Empire 212. 213. 214. his Inuestiture 214. 216. 217. his place in respect of Count. 213. 214. first in England 216. the name refusd as new in England ib. First in Spain 217. and Scotland ibid. Marchiones 212. 215. 216 Marca 210 Marc. 210 Marchisi 210 Marchera Mulieris 210 Marcshall whence 210. his fees at a Knighting 315 Marchis 211 Marchgraph 212 Markgraues 213. 221 Marchers 215 216 Margus 209 Marggrauius 213 Mabile daughter to Fitzhaimon her discourse with Henry 1. about marriage with Robert his bastard sonne 229 Marshalls Earldom surrendred 231 Marquisat of Austria 192. and of other places diuers See in Marquesse Magesetenses who 224 Martin the Saints Cap. 243 Maire du Maison not the Count du Palais 243. 389 Maioratus 244 Maioratus Senescalcia 244 Magnus homo 260 Mall what 261 Mallobergium 261 Machtosch 285 Margogh 332 Manumission the form in England anciently 327. and in Rome 325 Marsa 383 Mezentius 62 Memento te hominem esse 63 Melas for Nilus 66 Metius Pomposianus put to death for naming his bond-slaues 66 Melech Salomons sonne 86 Melic Sa or Melixa 111 Melophori 158 Messthegnes 225 Mediocres Seigneurs 253. 288 Meinouer i. mannor 264 Mithra 11 My Lord Milordi Milortes 61 Minerua Belisama 11. Zosteria 311 Mikel synods 226. 279 Missi 251 Miles and the different vse of it 334 Miles Terram habens Terram non habens 321 Miramomelinus 102 Minister Regis See in Thane Thegne Monarchie how begunne 23. See Kingdom Moscouies Duke or Emperor and to what Princes he vseth the title of Emperor and to what Duke 28 Moscouitique Kings called white Kings 83 Moscouit his Cap and ceremonie at the entertainment of an Embassador 152 Monsieur 52. 110. 171. the Title of the Brother of France and apparant successor 175 Moon fell in two peeces for a miracle to Mahumet with that tale 1â—3 Moon why set on the Turkish Meschits and in such honor with them 163. 164. 378. much honord by the Iews also and all Arabians 164. whence that superstition and how ancient and large 165 seq little Moons worne by the Romans descended from Senators on their shoes 166. how President of the Saracen Law 166 Mouing the Scepter an oth 157 Moldauia 382 Mustadeini 95 Mumilinus whence 99 Mucharam month 163 Musulmin what 103. 104. 105 Mufti 105 N NAmes to Nations from Kings 74. 75. Of Princes composd names of Gods vsually 65. 66. of Great men not to be giuen to slaues 66. 67. For Names in Greece and Rome See more in Praefat. and in page 229. 230. Of Mabile danghter to Fitzthaimon See also in Iohn Naming a Superior by an Inferior è conuerso 115 Naib and Naib Essam what 94 Nalka 164 Narrator 292 Nergal what 65 Nebo 65 Negush Chawariawi 87 Negush i. King 45 New Moon See Moon Nimrod or Nabrodes 5. Ninus not Nimrod 5. 6. Nimrod how long after the Floud 7. Nimrod built Niniuch 8. the same with Orion according to some 13 Nicholas Breakspear 55 Nicaulc 73. 74 Nitocris 74 Nisan an addition of Dignitie 111 Nigellus de Broke 321 Nilus See in Melas and in Siris Nones or faires on that day in Rome 19 Notaries to he made by whom 27 Nomophylaces their fillet 148 Nostra Gratia Nostra Pontificalis Dignitas c. 118 Nostra Peremitas Eternitas Maiestas c. 119 Normannus Princeps 177 Normandy Dukedom made 194. 195 the Inuestiture into it 198. calld Margus Normanniae â—09 and the Duke Marchio 214. the Duke commonly written as well Dux and Consul 224 Northumberland Dukes mongst the Saxons 203 Nobilitie Greater and Lesse 344 Nobilitie in other Nations generally See in the Preface O OChern 286 Ogetharius 286 Oile poured c. 129. sent from heauen to annoint the French Kings 131. a like tale of Oyle sent to our Kings 134 Olbont 383 Olboadula 383 Oliue to crown in the Olympians whence and what 142 One Deitie supposd by the Heathen 3 Oracle to Brute 36 Orpheus his last will 3 Ordo secundus 385 Orion see Nimrod he is the Prince of the South 14 Order of the Garter 362. 363. Round Table 364. of the Nuntiada 367. Of the Golden Fleece 367. Of Saint Michael 367. of the Holy Ghost 368. of the Star 368. of the Croissaat 368. of the Corn-eare 369. of the Porcupin 369. of the Thistle by the Duke of Bourbon 369 of the Band. 369. of S. Andrew in Scotland 370. of the Ele phant 370. of the Sword 370. of the Burgundian Crosse. 371. of the Bloud of our Sauiour 371. 〈◊〉 S. Stephen 371. of S. Mark 372 Osiris how painted by the Aegyptians 154. whence the name 66 Osculum pacis 43 Othes broken how punished 63. 64. by the Emperor by God per Genium Principis 64. Oth of those which were bound to the Warrs 65. by the Kings head 65. how punisht if broken ibid. Othes taken by the Mahumedans with what superstition 104. by the Scepter and in mouing it 157. 158. and whence the Scepter was sworn by Oth of the Iewes 329 Othomaniques hate to the Alians 105 Othman Ben-Ophen 109 Otho the Great his making Dignitics Feudall 19 P PAdischah 45. 87. 112 Palibothra 76 Paradogium in Praefat. Paluc 90 Papa i. Chalipha 96 Paul found fault with by Amirelmumenin of Barbarie for not continuing in the Religion wherein he was born 102. 103 Padischach Musulmin 103 Pantheion 142 Pastor custos 118 Pastoralis Baculus See Bishops Palatin of Rhin his bearing the Globe and Crosse. 158 Panhypersebastus 171 Patritiatus 188 Patricius 203. when begun for a Title 350. 351. 385