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he_o can_v not_o have_v bring_v his_o whole_a design_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o eight_o dialogue_n as_o he_o at_o first_o intend_v and_o still_o hope_v to_o do_v and_o therefore_o to_o ease_v you_o of_o the_o trouble_n of_o buy_v or_o read_v more_o discourse_n on_o these_o subject_n than_o what_o he_o take_v to_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a he_o have_v reduce_v all_o that_o he_o have_v prepare_v for_o the_o five_o discourse_n upon_o the_o subject_a above_o mention_v into_o the_o two_o last_o dialogue_n wherein_o he_o design_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o justice_n and_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o late_a revolution_n and_o the_o settlement_n of_o the_o crown_n upon_o their_o present_a majesty_n where_o the_o then_o question_v he_o intend_v to_o treat_v of_o will_n proper_o enough_o fall_v in_o but_o it_o be_v time_n to_o speak_v somewhat_o concern_v this_o present_a discourse_n since_o it_o treat_v of_o a_o question_n to_o be_v decide_v only_o from_o the_o history_n and_o law_n of_o this_o 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you_o not_o from_o my_o own_o but_o better_a judgement_n that_o you_o will_v find_v more_o in_o this_o small_a treatise_n than_o ever_o be_v yet_o publish_v at_o once_o or_o perhaps_o at_o all_o upon_o these_o important_a subject_n note_n if_o the_o author_n have_v make_v one_o of_o his_o opponent_n call_v the_o entrance_n of_o king_n william_n 1._o into_o england_n and_o his_o take_v the_o crown_n upon_o the_o same_o condition_n as_o his_o english_a predecessor_n a_o conquest_n it_o may_v be_v understand_v in_o the_o large_a acceptation_n of_o that_o word_n and_o for_o brevity_n sake_n only_o author_n make_v use_v of_o and_o how_o denote_v 1._o harmony_n of_o divinity_n and_o law_n h._n d._n l._n 2._o dr._n johnstons_n excellency_n of_o monarchical_a government_n i._o e._n m._n g._n 3._o huntons_n treatise_n of_o monarchy_n h._n t._n m._n 4._o sir_n r._n filmer_n freeholder_n grand_a inquest_n f._n f._n g._n anarchy_n of_o a_o mix_a monarchy_n f._n a._n m._n m._n 5._o dr._n heylin_n stumbling-block_n of_o rebellion_n s._n b._n r._n the_o folio_n edition_n 6_o mr._n petyt_n preface_n to_o his_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n asserted_n p.p.r.c._n 7._o dr._n brady_n answer_n to_o the_o say_a treatise_n b._n a._n p._n the_o folio_n edition_n the_o five_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n and_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n m._n you_o be_v welcome_a sir_n i_o pray_v set_v down_o by_o the_o fire_n i_o be_v think_v before_o you_o come_v in_o of_o the_o best_a method_n of_o manage_v this_o important_a question_n whether_o by_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n it_o can_v in_o any_o case_n whatever_o be_v lawful_a to_o resist_v the_o king_n or_o those_o that_o act_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o commission_n i_o shall_v therefore_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o second_o proposition_n in_o the_o argument_n i_o at_o first_o propose_v or_o to_o speak_v logical_o the_o minor_a in_o the_o syllogism_n viz._n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v the_o sole_a supreme_a or_o sovereign_a power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o be_v irresistible_a and_o that_o not_o only_o as_o to_o his_o own_o person_n but_o also_o with_o respect_n to_o all_o such_o who_o act_n by_o his_o order_n or_o commission_n though_o the_o thing_n command_v be_v in_o themselves_o illegal_a f._n i_o do_v not_o dislike_v your_o method_n though_o if_o you_o can_v never_o so_o plain_o make_v out_o to_o i_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o minor_a proposition_n yet_o it_o will_v come_v too_o late_o to_o prove_v that_o all_o resistance_n of_o supreme_a power_n be_v unlawful_a in_o all_o case_n whatever_o since_o i_o think_v you_o have_v fail_v in_o the_o proof_n of_o that_o your_o fiâ—st_a proposition_n but_o since_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o second_o proposition_n in_o some_o sense_n i_o pray_v be_v as_o short_a as_o you_o can_v in_o the_o proof_n of_o it_o m._n i_o shall_v observe_v your_o desire_n and_o shall_v brief_o recite_v some_o authority_n as_o well_o ancient_a as_o modern_a as_o also_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o declare_v a_o absolute_a and_o imperial_a power_n to_o be_v sole_o in_o the_o king_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o saxon_a time_n â—ein_fw-fr first_o as_o to_o the_o title_n of_o king_n or_o emperor_n use_v promiscuous_o our_o king_n edgar_n frequent_o in_o his_o charter_n caâ—s_v himself_o albionis_fw-la &_o anglorum_fw-la baâ—ileus_n and_o the_o grecian_n esteem_v the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v of_o full_a as_o eminent_a a_o signification_n as_o emperor_n and_o king_n edâ—arâ—_n the_o confessor_n in_o a_o charter_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o peterburg_n style_v himself_o rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la and_o his_o government_n a_o monarchy_n 64._o and_o king_n ethelred_n in_o his_o charter_n to_o canterbury_n stiles_n himself_o angligenum_n orcadarum_fw-la necnon_fw-la in_o gyrojacentium_fw-la monarcha_fw-la &_o anglorum_fw-la induperator_fw-la so_o that_o you_o hereby_o may_v see_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n long_o before_o the_o conquest_n look_v upon_o themselves_o as_o emperor_n or_o absolute_a civil_a sovereign_n so_o likewise_o after_o that_o time_n we_o find_v w._n rufus_n date_n his_o charter_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o shaftsbury_n secundo_fw-la anno_fw-la imperiâ—_n mei_fw-la and_o though_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n have_v be_v disuse_v yet_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o substance_n of_o it_o sufficient_o challenge_v in_o that_o letter_n of_o w._n rufus_n to_o archbishop_n anselm_n tell_v he_o that_o he_o have_v all_o the_o liberty_n in_o his_o kingdom_n which_o the_o emperor_n 2d_o challenge_v in_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o like_a be_v challenge_v by_o henry_n the_o first_o in_o all_o his_o dispute_n with_o the_o pope_n concern_v the_o investiture_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n
that_o because_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n as_o likewise_o divers_a of_o his_o predecessor_n do_v nominate_v bishop_n to_o see_v therefore_o they_o do_v likewise_o receive_v from_o they_o all_o the_o authority_n they_o have_v of_o appear_v and_o act_v in_o general_a council_n which_o i_o be_o sure_a you_o be_v too_o good_a a_o church_n of_o england_n man_n to_o affirm_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o do_v so_o close_o examine_v the_o ancient_a form_n of_o confer_v of_o bishopric_n before_o the_o conquest_n as_o i_o find_v you_o have_v do_v and_o i_o will_v better_o examine_v your_o authority_n and_o if_o i_o find_v this_o custom_n to_o have_v be_v constant_a and_o uniform_a i_o shall_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n though_o i_o doubt_v it_o will_v not_o prove_v to_o have_v be_v so_o general_a as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o since_o by_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v out_o of_o mat._n paris_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n who_o give_v leave_v to_o this_o election_n of_o bishop_n wulstan_n in_o the_o great_a council_n which_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v do_v then_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o meddle_v in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n without_o the_o king_n consent_n but_o since_o you_o have_v speak_v enough_o concern_v the_o right_n and_o antiquity_n of_o the_o bishop_n sit_v in_o our_o great_a council_n it_o be_v time_n you_o now_o speak_v of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o peer_n or_o temporal_a lord_n which_o certain_o can_v have_v no_o place_n there_o but_o from_o the_o favour_n and_o concession_n of_o our_o king_n so_o that_o whether_o we_o consider_v those_o lord_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o ruler_n of_o county_n call_v in_o old_a english_a earl_n or_o alderman_n in_o latin_a deuce_n or_o comites_fw-la or_o else_o as_o judge_n or_o counsellor_n call_v in_o old_a saxon_a wites_z or_o wiseman_n in_o latin_a sapientes_fw-la or_o last_o as_o thanes_z in_o latin_a ministri_fw-la who_o be_v either_o military_a tenant_n or_o 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and_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n or_o hundred_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o all_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o that_o though_o the_o king_n may_v appoint_v these_o prince_n or_o governor_n of_o province_n or_o county_n yet_o do_v it_o no_o more_o follow_v that_o they_o owe_v their_o be_v and_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n whole_o to_o his_o will_n than_o as_o i_o say_v before_o suppose_v that_o the_o king_n have_v ancient_o the_o nomination_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n in_o england_n that_o therefore_o they_o must_v also_o owe_v their_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o synod_n whole_o to_o they_o since_o the_o king_n perform_v both_o of_o they_o as_o a_o public_a trust_v commit_v to_o he_o by_o the_o common_a weal_n in_o the_o one_o case_n as_o much_o as_o in_o the_o other_o but_o indeed_o i_o think_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o member_n of_o this_o assembly_n beside_o alderman_n and_o burgess_n for_o city_n and_o town_n consist_v of_o those_o thanes_z who_o name_n be_v often_o find_v in_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n after_o the_o principes_fw-la deuce_n and_o comâ—â—â—s_n and_o that_o though_o many_o of_o they_o may_v be_v the_o king_n feudal_n thanes_z or_o 〈◊〉_d grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knight_n service_n in_o chief_a as_o mr._n sâ—lden_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n 515._o yet_o that_o author_n no_o where_o exclude_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o e._n middle_a or_o less_o thanes_z from_o have_v voice_n in_o those_o assembly_n who_o be_v afterward_o style_v vavissour_n or_o lord_n of_o township_n afterward_o call_v maunor_n with_o court_n annex_v to_o they_o under_o the_o name_n of_o sac_n &_o soc_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o court_n 〈◊〉_d and_o courtbaron_n especial_o if_o you_o please_v far_o to_o consider_v what_o a_o vast_a nâ—mber_n of_o alâ—dariâ—_n or_o free_a tenant_n there_o be_v then_o who_o hold_v their_o land_n discharge_v of_o all_o service_n but_o the_o common_a burden_n and_o tax_n of_o the_o nation_n none_o but_o the_o land_n of_o the_o king_n thanes_z be_v hold_v by_o military_a service_n before_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o saxon_a council_n will_v find_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o person_n that_o appear_v there_o do_v not_o owe_v their_o 〈◊〉_d to_o their_o be_v the_o king_n minister_n or_o officer_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o to_o their_o hold_v such_o land_n and_o possâ—ssions_n as_o capacitate_v they_o and_o give_v they_o a_o right_a to_o have_v place_n in_o those_o great_a council_n and_o that_o this_o be_v 〈◊〉_d we_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o law_n of_o king_n athelâ—â—an_n where_o you_o will_v find_v gâ—mility_n itself_o annex_v to_o a_o estate_n in_o land_n 54._o for_o if_o you_o will_v but_o be_v please_v to_o consult_v king_n athelston_n law_n you_o will_v there_o find_v that_o if_o a_o villaâ—aus_n or_o câ—eorl_n can_v so_o thrive_v as_o to_o get_v a_o estate_n of_o five_o hide_n in_o land_n he_o be_v reckon_v a_o thane_n i._n e._n a_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n as_o they_o be_v promiscuoul_o reckon_v at_o that_o time_n so_o that_o though_o i_o suppose_v there_o may_v not_o be_v in_o those_o time_n that_o exact_a distinction_n between_o peer_n and_o commons_o as_o there_o have_v be_v establish_v since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n yet_o be_v it_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o effect_n since_o the_o bishop_n earl_n or_o alderman_n of_o shire_n though_o not_o enjoy_v as_o hereditary_a honour_n may_v make_v then_o the_o great_a nobility_n or_o peer_n as_o the_o thanes_z be_v the_o less_o nobility_n gentleman_n or_o freeholder_n who_o all_o appear_v in_o person_n may_v together_o with_o
must_v needs_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o other_o but_o that_o it_o do_v not_o signify_v only_o so_o after_o that_o time_n i_o shall_v join_v issue_n with_o you_o by_o and_o by_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o my_o next_o authority_n which_o be_v from_o ailrid_a abbot_n of_o rievallis_n 372._o who_o live_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n who_o in_o his_o life_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n relate_v the_o manner_n of_o that_o king_n election_n in_o his_o mother_n womb_n tell_v we_o how_o ethelred_n his_o father_n call_v a_o great_a council_n about_o appoint_v a_o successor_n that_o hereupon_o say_v thus_o fit_a magnus_n coram_fw-la rege_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la procerumque_fw-la conventus_fw-la magnus_fw-la plebis_fw-la pâ—lgique_a consensus_fw-la where_o you_o see_v apparent_o that_o the_o abbot_n make_v a_o distinction_n between_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a lord_n and_o that_o of_o the_o plebs_fw-la vulgus_fw-la or_o common_a people_n m._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a before_o you_o proceed_v to_o any_o fresh_a authority_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o abbot_n in_o the_o place_n you_o mention_n tell_v such_o a_o idle_a tale_n that_o this_o edward_n be_v choose_v king_n whilst_o in_o his_o mother_n womb_n and_o so_o his_o father_n make_v the_o nobility_n swear_v fealty_n to_o he_o before_o he_o be_v bear_v he_o be_v the_o only_a author_n of_o this_o legend_n that_o i_o know_v of_o and_o sure_o you_o yourself_o must_v own_v that_o it_o be_v a_o little_a too_o gross_a to_o be_v believe_v and_o therefore_o i_o wonder_v that_o you_o shall_v urge_v that_o to_o i_o for_o a_o sufficient_a authority_n for_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n in_o those_o time_n f._n pray_v sir_n observe_v to_o what_o purpose_n i_o make_v use_n of_o this_o authority_n it_o be_v not_o to_o make_v good_a the_o election_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o his_o mother_n womb_n but_o only_o to_o prove_v who_o be_v then_o suppose_v when_o this_o abbot_n write_v to_o make_v up_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o wittena-gemot_a or_o parliament_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n which_o be_v then_o believe_v by_o all_o man_n to_o consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n high_a nobility_n and_o comâ—â—â—_n unless_o you_o can_v suppose_v that_o the_o abbot_n shall_v mention_v the_o commons_o by_o prophecy_n and_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v only_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o his_o own_o time_n which_o the_o author_n of_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o decem_fw-la scriptores_fw-la make_v to_o be_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n henry_n ii_o reign_n it_o will_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n to_o be_v near_o a_o hundred_o year_n old_a than_o the_o early_a time_n you_o assign_v for_o it_o viz_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o but_o i_o shall_v now_o conclude_v with_o the_o conclusion_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n three_o charter_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n in_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 625._o as_o you_o will_v find_v it_o thus_o recite_v in_o sir_n h._n spelman_n council_n in_o these_o word_n hanc_fw-la igitur_fw-la chartâ—â—_n meae_fw-la donationis_fw-la &_o libertatis_fw-la in_o die_v dedicationis_fw-la praedictae_fw-la ecclae_n recitari_fw-la jussi_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la optimatibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la omnique_fw-la populo_fw-la audiente_fw-la &_o vidente_fw-la where_o by_o the_o optimates_fw-la angliae_fw-la i_o think_v can_v be_v understand_v no_o other_o than_o the_o thanes_z or_o freeholder_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o well_o the_o king_n as_o other_o as_o also_o the_o deputy_n of_o great_a city_n and_o burrough_n the_o word_n being_n optimates_fw-la angliae_fw-la non_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o the_o populus_fw-la who_o be_v here_o mention_v to_o be_v present_a shall_v be_v the_o mob_n or_o common_a people_n only_o admit_v to_o stare_v and_o harken_v at_o such_o a_o great_a assembly_n yet_o since_o the_o word_n be_v in_o respect_n of_o they_o only_o audiente_fw-la &_o vidente_fw-la i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la here_o as_o a_o part_n of_o this_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o yet_o that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la do_v oftentimes_o refer_v to_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o the_o answer_n of_o k._n harold_n the_o last_o saxon_a king_n to_o the_o message_n of_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n demand_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o that_o harold_n according_a to_o his_o promise_n shall_v marry_v his_o daughter_n 52._o the_o word_n be_v remarkable_a and_o therefore_o pray_v read_v they_o out_o of_o will._n of_o malmesbury_n who_o live_v near_o that_o time_n contra_n 〈◊〉_d scil_n heraldus_n quae_fw-la dixi_fw-la de_fw-la pvellae_fw-la nuptiis_fw-la referens_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la addebas_fw-la praesumtuosum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la quod_fw-la absque_fw-la generali_fw-la senatus_n &_o populi_n convenâ—â—_n &_o edicto_fw-la alienam_fw-la illi_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la juraverit_fw-la now_o that_o by_o the_o word_n senatûs_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o high_a nobility_n such_o as_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n etc._n etc._n and_o by_o populus_fw-la the_o representative_n of_o the_o people_n we_o have_v mr._n selden_n authority_n on_o our_o side_n 552._o who_o in_o his_o dissertation_n on_o fleta_n speak_v of_o the_o great_a question_n that_o arise_v in_o parliament_n in_o k._n edward_n iii_o reign_n concern_v king_n john_n donation_n of_o his_o kingdom_n to_o the_o pope_n give_v their_o conclusion_n to_o this_o debate_n in_o these_o word_n ordine_fw-la universi_fw-la â—am_fw-la generis_fw-la hieratici_fw-la quam_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o senatus_n populus_fw-la sâ—lâ—â—niquâ—_n in_o it_o a_o deliberatione_n in_o comiciis_fw-la illis_fw-la responderunt_fw-la unanimes_fw-la irritam_fw-la plane_n fuissi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d donationem_fw-la illam_fw-la ut_fw-la pote_fw-la tam_fw-la sine_fw-la ordinum_fw-la assensu_fw-la quam_fw-la juran_n ento_z inaâ—guâ—aâ—i_fw-mi adversâ—n_n but_o of_o this_o great_a authority_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o hereafter_o when_o i_o come_v to_o it_o in_o order_n of_o time_n since_o therefore_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o commons_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o great_a council_n before_o the_o conquest_n as_o you_o call_v it_o i_o desire_v that_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o show_v i_o how_o they_o come_v to_o lose_v it_o after_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o to_o be_v so_o long_o without_o it_o as_o until_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o or_o 18_o of_o edward_n i._o if_o your_o author_n be_v to_o be_v credit_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v the_o authority_n you_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o saxon_a council_n will_v seem_v to_o be_v of_o some_o weight_n be_v i_o not_o sensible_a that_o the_o monk_n who_o be_v the_o only_a recorder_n of_o these_o council_n be_v very_o short_a and_o careless_a in_o give_v a_o true_a account_n of_o they_o and_o if_o we_o go_v to_o the_o council_n themselves_o we_o may_v be_v sufficient_o convince_v that_o all_o those_o that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v present_a at_o they_o can_v not_o have_v any_o place_n or_o vote_n in_o those_o assembly_n as_o member_n of_o they_o for_o in_o some_o of_o they_o as_o in_o this_o example_n we_o find_v the_o queen_n to_o have_v be_v there_o and_o to_o have_v give_v her_o consent_n to_o the_o king_n charter_n and_o yet_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o allow_v the_o queen_n to_o have_v be_v there_o as_o a_o estate_n by_o herself_o much_o less_o to_o have_v be_v a_o member_n of_o any_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n the_o like_a we_o may_v say_v for_o those_o abbess_n we_o find_v mention_v to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o divers_a of_o those_o council_n and_o particular_o in_o that_o of_o winchester_n you_o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o wherein_o tithe_n be_v grant_v and_o these_o be_v say_v to_o have_v approve_v of_o the_o royal_a charter_n as_o well_o as_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n and_o sure_o you_o do_v not_o make_v woman_n to_o have_v have_v voice_n in_o our_o great_a council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n so_o that_o it_o appear_v plain_a enough_o to_o i_o that_o person_n be_v mention_v as_o present_v in_o these_o assembly_n or_o be_v witness_n to_o charter_n there_o grant_v do_v not_o make_v they_o to_o have_v be_v constituent_a member_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o since_o the_o saxon_a time_n be_v so_o dark_a and_o obscure_a and_o so_o little_a to_o be_v collect_v of_o certainty_n from_o what_o we_o find_v in_o the_o old_a monkish_a history_n and_o those_o fragment_n of_o law_n and_o charter_n they_o have_v leave_v we_o i_o think_v it_o be_v time_n that_o we_o pass_v over_o this_o to_o the_o next_o period_n after_o the_o conquest_n wherein_o i_o doubt_v not_o
man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v then_o in_o full_a parliament_n on_o the_o first_o of_o june_n grant_v he_o 40_o s._n on_o every_o knight_n fee_n to_o marry_v his_o daughter_n and_o it_o thence_o also_o appear_v that_o though_o this_o tax_n be_v say_v to_o be_v give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o it_o be_v by_o the_o community_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o because_o it_o be_v to_o be_v raise_v whole_o upon_o knight_n fee_n so_o that_o hitherto_o in_o this_o king_n reign_n there_o appear_v nothing_o that_o can_v plain_o evince_v either_o the_o summon_v or_o be_v of_o any_o commons_o in_o parliament_n as_o now_o understand_v we_o be_v at_o least_o leave_v at_o great_a uncertainty_n nay_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o proof_n be_v more_o strong_a on_o the_o negative_a that_o there_o be_v none_o f._n i_o wonder_v you_o shall_v mention_v this_o writ_n any_o more_o since_o i_o have_v already_o confute_v the_o doctor_n notion_n about_o it_o and_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v a_o general_a tax_n grant_v by_o the_o parliament_n upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o not_o lay_v either_o by_o or_o upon_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o nor_o do_v the_o way_n of_o tax_v by_o 40_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n at_o all_o prove_v it_o for_o if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o land_n only_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n then_o this_o tax_n can_v not_o have_v extend_v to_o any_o other_o estate_n as_o certain_o it_o do_v since_o the_o king_n can_v by_o king_n john_n charter_n have_v force_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o grant_v he_o a_o aid_n towards_o this_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n and_o if_o what_o you_o say_v be_v true_a can_v also_o have_v make_v all_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o have_v contribute_v to_o it_o according_a to_o the_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v and_o this_o without_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o aâ—_n therefore_o pray_v give_v some_o better_a authority_n than_o this_o for_o iâ—e_o assure_v you_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v with_o it_o m._n i_o will_v now_o give_v you_o the_o write_v the_o doctor_n have_v discover_v and_o by_o which_o it_o will_v plain_o appear_v that_o this_o tax_n grant_v in_o the_o 18_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n dein_fw-ge be_v give_v before_o ever_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o it_o and_o for_o this_o the_o learned_a doctor_n have_v find_v out_o a_o loose_a bundle_n of_o writ_n of_o this_o year_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o most_o county_n of_o england_n and_o they_o be_v the_o ancient_a extant_a or_o perhaps_o that_o ever_o be_v for_o in_o probability_n the_o call_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n according_a to_o that_o example_n be_v discontinue_v from_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o unto_o this_o time_n by_o which_o two_n or_o three_o knight_n be_v direct_v to_o be_v choose_v for_o each_o county_n pray_v read_v the_o writ_n itself_o since_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o the_o first_o pattern_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v write_v in_o haste_n without_o those_o form_n that_o be_v afterward_o require_v in_o writ_n of_o this_o kind_n and_o particular_o in_o this_o edwardus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la dominus_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la &_o dux_n aquiâ—aniae_n vice-comisi_a westmâ—rlandiae_fw-la salutem_fw-la cum_fw-la per_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o quosdam_fw-la alios_fw-la de_fw-la proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la nuper_fw-la fuisseâ—us_fw-la super_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la speciâ—liter_fw-la requisiti_fw-la super_fw-la quibus_fw-la tam_fw-la cum_fw-la iâ—sis_fw-la quam_fw-la cum_fw-la aliis_fw-la de_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la illius_fw-la colloquium_fw-la haâ—ere_fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o tyactatâ—m_fw-la tibi_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la duos_fw-la uâ—l_fw-la tres_fw-la de_fw-fr diâ—cretioribuâ—_n &_o ad_fw-la laborandum_fw-la potentioribus_fw-la militibus_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la praedicto_fw-la â—ine_z delatione_fw-la eligi_fw-la &_o eos_fw-la ad_fw-la nes_z usque_fw-la west_n monasterium_fw-la venire_fw-la facias_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la sint_fw-la ibidem_fw-la à _fw-la die_fw-la sancti_fw-la johannis_n bapt._n prox_n futur_fw-la in_o tres_fw-fr septimanes_n ad_fw-la ultimum_fw-la cum_fw-la plena_fw-la potestate_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o communicate_v comitat._n praedicti_fw-la adconsulendum_fw-la &_o consentienoum_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o communitate_fw-la illâ_fw-la hiis_fw-la quae_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o pro._n ever_o be_v praedicti_fw-la tunc_fw-la dixerine_n concordanda_fw-la &_o habeas_fw-la ibi_fw-la hâ—c_fw-la breve_fw-la testae_fw-la meipso_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonast_n 14_o die_v jun._n anno._n regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la 18._o whereby_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o there_o be_v yet_o no_o certain_a number_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n settle_v who_o be_v to_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v at_o this_o parliament_n and_o you_o may_v in_o the_o next_o place_n remember_v from_o a_o before_o mention_a record_n of_o the_o 30_o ed._n i._o that_o on_o the_o first_o of_o this_o month_n the_o king_n have_v scutage_n then_o give_v he_o in_o full_a parliament_n and_o now_o fourteen_o day_n after_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n upon_o certain_a matter_n by_o they_o move_v and_o propound_v to_o he_o he_o issue_v his_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o sheriffâ—_n of_o the_o several_a county_n to_o cause_v to_o be_v choose_v two_o or_o three_o knight_n of_o each_o county_n to_o come_v to_o he_o at_o westminster_n three_o week_n after_o st._n john_n baptist_n at_o far_a we_o may_v also_o further_o observe_v from_o this_o writ_n that_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a though_o it_o be_v not_o here_o absolute_o say_v so_o that_o the_o king_n be_v move_v by_o the_o 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the_o time_n appoint_v for_o meet_v of_o the_o knight_n the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o three_o be_v make_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o this_o clause_n at_o the_o beginning_n dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la svo_fw-la apud_fw-la west_n monasterium_fw-la post_fw-la pascha-aâ—o_a regni_fw-la svi_fw-la decimo_fw-la octavo_fw-la videlicet_fw-la in_o quindena_fw-la sancti_fw-la johannis_n baptist._n that_o be_v the_o 8_o of_o july_n ad_fw-la instantiam_fw-la magnatum_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la concessiâ—_n providit_fw-la &_o statuit_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la liceat_fw-la unicuique_fw-la libero_fw-la homini_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o this_o be_v the_o same_o full_a parliament_n which_o give_v the_o king_n scutage_n on_o the_o first_o of_o june_n and_o then_o the_o king_n and_o baron_n without_o the_o commons_o make_v this_o statute_n or_o the_o knight_n have_v another_o summons_n after_o the_o date_n of_o this_o writ_n for_o before_o that_o they_o be_v 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in_o for_o many_o king_n reign_n and_o than_o the_o king_n in_o this_o age_n be_v not_o altogether_o confine_v to_o any_o number_n of_o knight_n
of_o the_o marginal_a reference_n to_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n petyr_n but_o since_o the_o doctor_n know_v very_o well_o how_o to_o distinguish_v his_o own_o from_o the_o author_n matter_n and_o that_o those_o who_o be_v conversant_a in_o his_o writing_n may_v do_v so_o likewise_o he_o hope_v both_o the_o doctor_n and_o the_o reader_n will_v the_o more_o easy_o forgive_v it_o especial_o since_o you_o will_v find_v he_o so_o fair_a a_o representer_n as_o not_o to_o curtail_v the_o doctor_n argument_n but_o rather_o to_o enlarge_v they_o whâ—â—_n he_o think_v he_o have_v a_o just_a occasion_n finis_fw-la bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n be_v a_o continuation_n of_o the_o former_a discourse_n concern_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n wherein_o the_o best_a authority_n for_o it_o be_v propose_v and_o examine_v with_o a_o entrance_n upon_o the_o question_n of_o nonresistance_n etc._n etc._n the_o three_o part._n collect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a dialogue_n the_o eight_o london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o may_v be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o five_o six_z and_o seven_o dialogue_n 1693._o the_o author_n chief_o make_v use_n of_o in_o this_o discourse_n and_o how_o denote_v in_o the_o margin_n p._n r._n c_o mr._n petyt_v right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v b._n a._n p._n dr._n bradye_n answer_v to_o mr._n petyt_v treatise_n b._n a._n a._n dr._n bradye_n answer_v to_o mr._n cook_n treatise_n entitle_v argumentum_fw-la antinormannicum_fw-la the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o have_v make_v my_o publisher_n tell_v you_o a_o untruth_n before_o i_o be_v aware_a in_o the_o advertisement_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o last_o dialogue_n when_o he_o tell_v you_o there_o be_v but_o two_o or_o three_o sheet_n behind_o upon_o this_o 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abbot_n in_o our_o general_a council_n or_o parliament_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o necessity_n of_o show_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n claim_v to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n time_n beyond_o memory_n and_o consequent_o of_o show_v how_o that_o time_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o all_o our_o law_n book_n which_o be_v the_o only_a proper_a interpreter_n of_o that_o law_n term_n of_o time_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o memory_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o since_o there_o be_v no_o writer_n that_o i_o know_v of_o who_o have_v oppose_v this_o notion_n of_o the_o right_n of_o prescription_n in_o the_o commons_o but_o mr._n prin._n i_o have_v impartial_o consider_v what_o he_o have_v write_v against_o it_o in_o his_o 2d_o and_o 3d._a part_n of_o his_o parliamentary_a register_n and_o put_v down_o the_o substance_n of_o it_o in_o this_o discourse_n with_o what_o may_v be_v reasonable_o reply_v thereunto_o so_o that_o consider_v the_o many_o fresh_a authority_n from_o historian_n and_o record_n that_o be_v here_o insert_v and_o that_o have_v never_o be_v publish_v altogether_o before_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o affirm_v that_o there_o have_v never_o be_v so_o much_o hitherto_o put_v together_o of_o this_o kind_n nor_o perhaps_o will_v be_v till_o mr._n petyt_n shall_v please_v to_o publish_v at_o large_a his_o learned_a and_o elaberate_a collection_n from_o ancient_a monument_n of_o antiquity_n history_n both_o manuscript_n and_o print_n as_o also_o from_o parliamentary_a and_o other_o record_n on_o this_o important_a subject_n many_o of_o which_o you_o will_v here_o find_v abbreviate_v and_o to_o who_o learning_n and_o knowledge_n in_o matter_n of_o this_o kind_n i_o must_v own_v myself_o behold_v for_o the_o argument_n from_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n who_o be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v ancient_o part_v of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o also_o that_o of_o apply_v the_o right_n of_o prescription_n to_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o but_o if_o dr_n brady_n or_o any_o friend_n of_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a to_o animadvert_v upon_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v here_o lay_v down_o i_o shall_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v concern_v at_o it_o that_o i_o shall_v rather_o be_v very_o well_o satisfy_v sâ—nce_o as_o a_o fair_a representer_n of_o other_o man_n opinion_n who_o write_v not_o for_o victory_n but_o the_o discovery_n of_o truth_n i_o shall_v be_v glad_a if_o the_o dr._n or_o any_o other_o learned_a person_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o give_v the_o world_n great_a light_n on_o this_o subject_a by_o publish_v somewhat_o that_o be_v now_o and_o more_o convince_a then_o what_o have_v be_v heretofore_o do_v for_o have_v it_o appear_v so_o to_o i_o i_o declare_v i_o shall_v not_o have_v take_v so_o much_o pain_n to_o set_v down_o the_o argument_n on_o both_o side_n which_o i_o shall_v still_o continue_v to_o do_v if_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v perform_v material_a in_o this_o kind_n i_o have_v to_o make_v up_o this_o discourse_n just_o enter_v upon_o the_o question_n of_o nonresistance_n but_o can_v go_v far_o in_o it_o now_o but_o shall_v leave_v what_o be_v to_o be_v fâ—rther_o say_v upon_o that_o important_a subject_n to_o the_o next_o dialogue_n which_o will_v be_v speedy_o publish_v the_o eight_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n and_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n m._n i_o be_o glad_a to_o see_v you_o again_o so_o soon_o for_o indeed_o i_o be_o very_o impatient_a to_o make_v a_o end_n of_o this_o great_a question_n concern_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o commons_o appear_v in_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o pray_v go_v on_o where_o you_o leave_v off_o and_o give_v i_o those_o plain_a proof_n you_o promise_v i_o whereby_o you_o will_v make_v out_o that_o both_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v a_o right_a to_o be_v there_o ever_o since_o the_o conquest_n for_o i_o desire_v to_o go_v no_o high_o f._n i_o think_v i_o have_v say_v enough_o on_o that_o subject_a at_o our_o last_o meet_v to_o satisfy_v any_o reasonable_a person_n i_o be_o sure_o more_o than_o you_o be_v able_a fair_o to_o answer_v especial_o as_o to_o my_o reply_v to_o the_o best_a authority_n you_o bring_v from_o the_o doctor_n and_o therefore_o pray_v before_o we_o proceed_v far_o tell_v i_o your_o opinion_n upon_o second_o thought_n of_o those_o authority_n and_o argument_n i_o then_o give_v you_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v they_o do_v somewhat_o shock_v i_o but_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o can_v come_v over_o to_o you_o without_o first_o hear_v what_o may_v be_v say_v by_o the_o other_o side_n and_o to_o this_o end_n i_o have_v write_v to_o the_o learned_a dr._n for_o his_o solution_n to_o several_a difficulty_n that_o i_o confesâ—_n upon_o his_o hypothesis_n i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o solve_v but_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o receive_v far_a satisfaction_n from_o he_o as_o to_o those_o point_n in_o a_o short_a time_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n let_v we_o proceed_v in_o our_o intend_a design_n and_o examine_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o argument_n you_o have_v to_o produce_v on_o your_o side_n f._n i_o shall_v obey_v your_o command_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n you_o can_v expect_v more_o than_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o give_v you_o for_o since_o all_o the_o parliament-roll_n and_o writ_n of_o summons_n except_o those_o of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o be_v lose_v till_o after_o the_o time_n in_o question_n between_o we_o you_o must_v be_v content_v with_o what_o other_o proof_n we_o can_v produce_v provide_v they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v any_o unbyast_n indifferent_a person_n and_o to_o this_o end_n i_o shall_v sort_v the_o authority_n i_o intend_v to_o
be_v the_o bishop_n the_o nobility_n and_o civitatum_fw-la delegati_fw-la the_o deputy_n or_o commissioner_n of_o town_n and_o city_n for_o sweden_n it_o come_v near_o the_o government_n and_o form_n of_o danemark_n and_o have_v the_o same_o estate_n and_o degree_n of_o people_n as_o among_o the_o dane_n that_o be_v to_o say_v proceres_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o nobility_n episcopi_fw-la &_o ecclesiastici_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o inferior_a clergy_n civitates_fw-la &_o vniversitates_fw-la the_o city_n and_o town_n corporate_a for_o so_o i_o think_v he_o mean_v by_o vniversitates_fw-la as_o tâ—uanus_n muster_v they_o 131._o to_o which_o we_o may_v also_o add_v though_o here_o omit_v by_o this_o author_n the_o delegate_n of_o the_o rustic_n or_o husbandman_n who_o make_v a_o four_o estate_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o in_o this_o realm_n the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n enjoy_v the_o place_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n notwithstanding_o the_o alteration_n of_o religion_n to_o this_o very_a day_n the_o bishop_n in_o their_o own_o person_n and_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o clergy_n out_o of_o every_o sochen_n a_o division_n like_o our_o rural_a deanery_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o rest_n have_v a_o necessary_a vote_n in_o all_o their_o parliament_n and_n this_v swedish_n great_a council_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o it_o come_v very_o near_o our_o constitution_n in_o england_n in_o which_o i_o prove_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o the_o commons_o not_o except_v the_o mean_a freeholder_n ancient_o have_v their_o representative_n so_o that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o strange_a thing_n that_o can_v have_v be_v observe_v in_o all_o the_o political_a constitution_n on_o this_o side_n of_o europe_n if_o that_o of_o england_n though_o descend_v from_o the_o same_o gothick_n original_a and_o found_v according_a to_o the_o same_o model_n shall_v have_v have_v no_o representative_n for_o the_o commons_o or_o plebian_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o dr._n here_o conclude_v with_o scotland_n and_o england_n the_o former_a of_o which_o since_o you_o agree_v to_o have_v have_v from_o all_o time_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n i_o need_v not_o repeat_v what_o be_v there_o since_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o you_o yourself_o have_v grant_v and_o as_o for_o england_n he_o own_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o passage_n i_o have_v already_o cite_v out_o of_o this_o chapter_n 193._o that_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n be_v call_v to_o a_o parliament_n hold_v under_o henry_n the_o ad_fw-la at_o clerkâ—nwell_n m_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o there_o be_v representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o all_o those_o kingdom_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v out_o of_o dr._n heylins_n treatise_n yet_o whether_o they_o be_v there_o from_o the_o very_a first_o institution_n of_o those_o government_n be_v much_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o since_o i_o have_v not_o now_o leisure_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o original_a of_o all_o these_o kingdom_n nor_o at_o what_o time_n each_o state_n begin_v to_o come_v to_o these_o great_a council_n give_v i_o leave_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o remark_n that_o all_o these_o kingdom_n except_o sweden_n come_v near_o to_o that_o constitution_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v ancient_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o also_o other_o kingdom_n where_o feudatory_a tenor_n be_v observe_v and_o consequent_o none_o but_o the_o chief_a lord_n or_o baron_n by_o knight_n service_n 96._o and_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o all_o those_o foreign_a council_n or_o dyeâ—s_n etc._n etc._n at_o first_o be_v all_o the_o same_o as_o consist_v of_o emperor_n or_o king_n with_o their_o earl_n and_o baron_n bishop_n and_o great_a officer_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o all_o the_o old_a german_a and_o french_a author_n and_o since_o city_n send_v deputy_n in_o germany_n and_o italy_n 126._o they_o be_v only_o from_o imperial_a city_n the_o like_a i_o believe_v will_v be_v find_v in_o france_n and_o those_o other_o kingdom_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v but_o you_o can_v show_v i_o unless_o in_o sweden_n any_o representative_n elect_v by_o the_o common_a people_n or_o rustic_n distinct_a from_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n like_o our_o knight_n of_o shire_n in_o england_n so_o that_o i_o still_o doubt_v whether_o all_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o other_o nobility_n that_o appear_v in_o the_o council_n of_o these_o kingdom_n be_v not_o all_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o other_o f._n that_o this_o be_v a_o mere_a surmise_n of_o you_o i_o think_v i_o can_v easy_o prove_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o clergy_n who_o still_o make_v the_o first_o estate_n in_o all_o these_o kingdom_n nothing_o be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o they_o never_o any_o of_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o 〈◊〉_d in_o their_o great_a council_n by_o that_o tenure_n that_o institution_n be_v for_o aught_o as_o i_o know_v peculiar_a to_o england_n and_o introduce_v by_o your_o conqueror_n as_o you_o yourself_o acknowledge_v and_o as_o for_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n you_o will_v find_v that_o in_o france_n not_o only_o those_o nobleman_n that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o military_a service_n but_o those_o who_o hold_v in_o libero_fw-la alodio_n without_o any_o such_o service_n at_o all_o have_v place_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o deputy_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n so_o likewise_o for_o the_o city_n and_o town_n that_o send_v deputy_n to_o it_o i_o believe_v you_o will_v not_o find_v that_o any_o of_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o to_o come_v to_o germany_n you_o be_v likewise_o as_o much_o mistake_v in_o fancy_v that_o all_o the_o imperial_a city_n be_v subject_a immediate_o to_o the_o emperor_n before_o they_o become_v so_o for_o hamburgh_n and_o lubec_n be_v subject_a to_o their_o own_o prince_n the_o former_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o sleswic_n and_o the_o latter_a to_o earl_n of_o its_o own_o till_o at_o last_o they_o either_o purchase_v their_o liberty_n they_o enjoy_v from_o their_o prince_n or_o else_o cast_v they_o off_o and_o be_v after_o receive_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o diet_n by_o the_o bull_n or_o charter_n of_o several_a emperor_n 30._o and_o so_o likewise_o brunswick_n be_v always_o a_o fâ—â—e_a city_n till_o it_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o empire_n by_o its_o own_o consent_n i_o can_v show_v you_o the_o like_a of_o several_a other_o city_n now_o call_v imperial_a who_o hold_v ancient_o not_o of_o the_o emperor_n but_o either_o of_o their_o own_o earl_n or_o bishop_n though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v the_o charter_n of_o the_o emperor_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n that_o give_v they_o a_o place_n in_o those_o assembly_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o these_o kingdom_n the_o mere_a rustic_n or_o paisant_n have_v no_o representative_n in_o their_o great_a council_n yet_o this_o make_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o case_n if_o you_o please_v to_o consider_v it_o for_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v the_o only_a true_a and_o proper_a owner_n of_o the_o land_n of_o those_o kingdom_n all_o the_o rustic_n or_o paisant_n be_v mere_a vassal_n and_o in_o france_n almost_o slave_n to_o their_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n who_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v have_v all_o alike_a vote_n in_o their_o assembly_n of_o estate_n as_o well_o those_o who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a by_o knight_n service_n as_o those_o that_o do_v not_o whereas_o it_o be_v always_o far_o otherwise_o in_o england_n where_o the_o mean_a freeholder_n be_v always_o as_o free_a as_o to_o his_o person_n and_o estate_n as_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o who_o he_o hold_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o have_v have_v from_o all_o time_n those_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o yeoman_n so_o peculiar_a to_o england_n as_o fortiscut_n in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la take_v notice_n who_o if_o they_o live_v on_o their_o own_o land_n have_v no_o more_o dependence_n on_o the_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n than_o they_o have_v now_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o these_o shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o have_v most_o of_o they_o a_o far_o less_o share_n in_o the_o riches_n and_o real_a estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n second_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n except_o
to_o private_a church_n and_o if_o his_o noble_n or_o follower_n have_v unjust_o dissieâ—ed_v any_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n of_o their_o estate_n the_o king_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v restore_v again_o as_o appear_v by_o many_o precedent_n of_o this_o kind_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o ingulphus_n and_o eadmerus_n this_o be_v premise_v let_v we_o see_v in_o the_o next_o place_n what_o proportion_n the_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n do_v in_o those_o day_n bear_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n now_o we_o find_v in_o sprot_n chronicle_n as_o also_o from_o the_o old_a legierbook_n cite_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o particular_o from_o that_o secretum_fw-la abbotis_n former_o belong_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o glassenbury_n and_o now_o in_o the_o library_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxon_n that_o there_o be_v not_o long_o after_o your_o conquest_n 60215_o knight_n fee_n in_o england_n of_o which_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o churchman_n than_o enjoy_v 28015._o when_o it_o be_v suppose_v this_o account_n be_v take_v than_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o your_o conqueror_n there_o be_v above_o 28000_o knight_n fee_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n and_o in_o these_o we_o do_v not_o any_o where_o find_v that_o k._n william_n dispossess_v their_o tenant_n of_o their_o estate_n most_o of_o which_o be_v hold_v in_o fee_n under_o they_o and_o those_o tenant_n be_v great_a and_o powerful_a man_n in_o their_o country_n and_o hence_o we_o read_v in_o the_o ancient_a record_n and_o legier_n book_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o knight_n that_o hold_v of_o divers_a bishop_n and_o great_a abbot_n 84._o several_a example_n which_o you_o will_v find_v in_o sir_n henry_n spellman_n title_n baro_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o king_n william_n can_v not_o turn_v all_o these_o man_n out_o of_o their_o estate_n and_o give_v they_o to_o his_o follower_n without_o commit_v sacrilege_n and_o invade_v the_o right_n of_o the_o church_n which_o that_o king_n dare_v not_o common_o do_v so_o that_o the_o utmost_a that_o you_o can_v suppose_v he_o can_v do_v be_v to_o take_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o all_o such_o tenant_n of_o the_o church_n who_o have_v take_v part_n with_o king_n harold_n or_o have_v any_o way_n commit_v treason_n against_o himself_o which_o be_v far_o from_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o they_o so_o that_o here_o go_v off_o at_o once_o almost_o a_o half_a of_o all_o the_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n which_o the_o king_n do_v never_o dispossess_v the_o ancient_a owner_n of_o to_o these_o may_v be_v also_o add_v all_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n all_o tenant_n in_o socage_n as_o also_o all_o tenant_n in_o gavel_n kind_a which_o in_o those_o day_n make_v at_o least_o two_o three_o of_o the_o land_n of_o kent_n which_o by_o the_o way_n be_v never_o conquer_v but_o surrender_v upon_o term_n to_o â—are_v their_o ancient_a custom_n and_o tenor_n as_o mr._n cambden_n himself_o acknowledge_v in_o his_o description_n of_o this_o county_n beside_o what_o be_v hold_v in_o other_o county_n by_o the_o same_o tenure_n as_o you_o will_v find_v in_o mr._n tailor_n be_v history_n of_o gavel_n kind_n all_o which_o be_v not_o tenor_n in_o chief_a by_o knight_n service_n be_v not_o register_v in_o domesday_n book_n nor_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o owner_n be_v ever_o dispossess_v of_o they_o to_o which_o may_v also_o be_v add_v the_o land_n of_o those_o small_a thanes_z or_o officer_n of_o king_n edward_n who_o name_n be_v find_v in_o domesday_n book_n who_o hold_v their_o land_n ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la to_o all_o these_o we_o may_v also_o add_v all_o such_o norman_a nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n who_o have_v come_v into_o england_n in_o edward_n the_o confessor_n time_n and_o have_v honour_n and_o land_n give_v they_o by_o he_o have_v continue_v here_o ever_o since_o and_o these_o be_v so_o numerous_a gulielâ—i_fw-la that_o it_o be_v think_v worth_a while_n by_o king_n william_n to_o make_v a_o particular_a law_n concern_v they_o that_o they_o shall_v partake_v of_o all_o the_o custom_n the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o native_a englishman_n and_o pay_v scot_n and_o lot_n as_o they_o do_v of_o these_o be_v the_o earl_n of_o moâ—ton_n beside_o many_o other_o who_o name_n appear_v in_o doomsday_n book_n and_o not_o only_o these_o man_n but_o also_o divers_a city_n and_o town_n hold_v land_n of_o king_n william_n by_o the_o same_o rent_n and_o service_n as_o they_o have_v former_o pay_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n as_o oxford_n for_o example_n but_o to_o give_v a_o answer_n to_o some_o of_o your_o instance_n 93._o as_o when_o you_o say_v that_o king_n william_n give_v away_o whole_a county_n as_o all_o cheshire_n to_o hugh_n lupus_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o shropshire_n to_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v a_o great_a error_n to_o suppose_v that_o these_o earl_n have_v all_o the_o land_n mention_v in_o these_o county_n to_o dispose_v of_o at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o that_o they_o turn_v out_o all_o the_o old_a proprietor_n which_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o do_v not_o as_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o several_a instance_n of_o ancient_a english_a family_n who_o have_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o enjoy_v the_o same_o seat_n they_o have_v in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n so_o that_o you_o see_v there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o a_o grant_n of_o all_o the_o land_n of_o a_o county_n and_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a county_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o former_a be_v plain_a but_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a it_o general_o imply_v not_o any_o thing_n more_o than_o the_o government_n of_o that_o county_n thus_o whereas_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o shropshire_n be_v give_v to_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n doomsday_n say_v only_o that_o he_o have_v the_o city_n of_o shrewsbury_n &_o totum_fw-la comitatum_fw-la and_o the_o whole_a county_n but_o that_o be_v soon_o explain_v by_o what_o follow_v &_o totum_fw-la dominum_fw-la quod_fw-la rex_fw-la ipse_fw-la tenebat_fw-la where_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o dominium_fw-la be_v mean_v no_o more_o than_o that_o power_n to_o govern_v it_o which_o king_n edward_n have_v for_o otherwise_o the_o grant_n of_o totum_fw-la comitatum_fw-la have_v be_v sufficient_a m._n i_o confess_v this_o be_v more_o than_o i_o ever_o hear_v or_o consider_v before_o concern_v this_o matter_n but_o you_o do_v not_o give_v i_o any_o positive_a proof_n that_o at_o the_o time_n when_o doom_n day_n book_n be_v make_v there_o be_v any_o englishman_n who_o hold_v earldom_n or_o barony_n or_o other_o great_a estate_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o of_o his_o great_a man_n so_o that_o what_o you_o have_v say_v hitherto_o though_o it_o carry_v a_o great_a show_n of_o probability_n yet_o be_v no_o positive_a proof_n against_o the_o doctor_n assertion_n f._n i_o shall_v not_o go_v about_o to_o deny_v what_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n and_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n so_o positive_o affirm_v that_o for_o sometime_o before_o the_o end_n of_o king_n william_n reign_n there_o be_v no_o englishman_n a_o bishop_n abbot_n or_o earl_n in_o england_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v thus_o through_o his_o whole_a reign_n or_o if_o it_o be_v so_o that_o it_o will_v therefore_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v few_o englishman_n who_o when_o domesday_n book_n be_v make_v possess_v any_o land_n in_o england_n but_o that_o in_o part_n of_o king_n william_n reign_n there_o be_v many_o english_a earl_n and_o baron_n appear_v by_o above_o a_o dozen_o charter_n cite_v by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n in_o the_o saxon_a and_o latin_a tongue_n in_o his_o monast._n anglic._n which_o be_v either_o direct_v by_o k._n william_n to_o all_o his_o earl_n and_o thain_n or_o else_o in_o latin_a omnibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la francigenis_n &_o anglis_fw-la or_o else_o omnibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la salutem_fw-la the_o like_a charter_n also_o appear_v of_o henry_n j._n and_o the_o empress_n maud_n his_o daughter_n so_o that_o if_o francigena_n and_o francus_n signify_v a_o frenchman_n and_o anglus_fw-la and_o englishman_n and_o if_o fidelis_n do_v as_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o signify_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o there_o be_v for_o great_a part_n of_o king_n william_n reign_n both_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o english_a extraction_n but_o to_o come_v to_o particular_a person_n it_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o saxon_a or_o english_a name_n in_o doomsday_n book_n as_o also_o by_o several_a recital_n therein_o that_o there_o be_v divers_a english_a
tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o also_o those_o aid_n they_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n they_o hold_v of_o towards_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n be_v in_o use_n in_o england_n before_o the_o conqueror_n come_v over_o but_o to_o observe_v your_o command_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o show_v that_o by_o the_o conquest_n the_o english_a for_o a_o time_n lose_v all_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o privilege_n till_o they_o again_o obtain_v they_o either_o by_o their_o mix_n with_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o all_o distinction_n between_o they_o and_o the_o english_a be_v take_v away_o or_o else_o they_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o first_o k._n john_n and_o k._n henry_n the_o three_o i_o shall_v therefore_o divide_v the_o privilege_n of_o englishman_n into_o these_o three_o head_n first_o either_o such_o as_o concern_v their_o office_n or_o dignity_n or_o second_o such_o as_o concern_v their_o estate_n or_o last_o such_o as_o concern_v the_o trial_n for_o their_o life_n in_o every_o one_o of_o which_o if_o i_o can_v prove_v the_o english_a native_n as_o well_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n suffer_v confideracie_n lesses_z and_o abridgement_n of_o their_o ancient_a 〈…〉_z liberty_n which_o they_o former_o enjoy_v i_o think_v i_o shall_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o point_n in_o hand_n as_o to_o the_o first_o head_n ingâ—ph_n telâ—s_v we_o that_o the_o english_a be_v so_o hate_v by_o the_o norman_n in_o his_o time_n oxon._n that_o how_o well_o soever_o they_o deserve_v they_o be_v drive_v from_o their_o dignity_n and_o stranger_n though_o much_o less_o fit_a of_o any_o nation_n under_o heaven_n be_v take_v in_o their_o place_n 93._o and_o malmesbury_n who_o live_v and_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o say_v that_o england_n be_v then_o become_v the_o habitation_n of_o foreigner_n and_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o 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and_o the_o rate_n set_v upon_o
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make_v they_o the_o first_o breacher_n of_o it_o whereas_o you_o may_v find_v that_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o whole_a convocation_n for_o many_o year_n before_o ever_o those_o divine_n or_o that_o gentleman_n begin_v to_o preach_v or_o write_v upon_o this_o subject_n nor_o be_v these_o the_o only_a man_n who_o maintain_v these_o principle_n but_o archbishop_n usher_n and_o bishop_n sanderson_n who_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o reckon_v among_o your_o flatter_a court_n bishop_n have_v as_o learned_o and_o full_o assert_v those_o doctrine_n you_o so_o much_o condemn_v as_o any_o of_o that_o party_n you_o find_v fault_n with_o and_o have_v very_o well_o prove_v all_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n to_o be_v unlawful_a not_o only_o in_o absolute_a but_o limit_a monarchy_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o you_o may_v sufficient_o satisfy_v yourself_o if_o you_o will_v but_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o read_v the_o learned_a and_o elaborate_v treatise_n write_v by_o 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seize_v upon_o some_o territory_n or_o island_n sufficient_a for_o they_o to_o inhabit_v in_o yet_o do_v not_o the_o text_n tell_v we_o whether_o the_o country_n they_o live_v in_o be_v by_o they_o divide_v into_o particular_a share_n or_o whether_o they_o make_v use_v of_o it_o in_o common_a as_o the_o indian_n of_o america_n do_v at_o this_o day_n where_o the_o quantity_n of_o land_n do_v far_o exceed_v that_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o live_v in_o it_o nor_o last_o suppose_v that_o a_o division_n be_v make_v of_o these_o country_n they_o then_o inhabit_v do_v it_o tell_v we_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o sole_a authority_n of_o their_o prince_n or_o leader_n claim_v as_o his_o own_o the_o whole_a dominion_n of_o it_o so_o that_o no_o man_n can_v have_v right_o to_o a_o foot_n of_o ground_n in_o it_o but_o himself_o or_o whether_o this_o division_n be_v make_v by_o the_o joint_a consent_n and_o agreement_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o head_n of_o family_n and_o 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conversant_a about_o this_o right_n of_o propriety_n but_o if_o this_o propriety_n be_v introduce_v by_o human_a law_n ib._n or_o agreement_n as_o grotius_n and_o you_o yourself_o suppose_v than_o both_o the_o moral_a and_o divine_a law_n will_v depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o man_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o law_n of_o nature_n against_o adultery_n or_o theft_n if_o woman_n and_o all_o thing_n else_o have_v be_v in_o common_a f._n this_o objection_n whole_o proceed_v from_o your_o not_o have_v any_o distinct_a or_o true_a notion_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o true_a original_a of_o propriety_n and_o therefore_o if_o you_o please_v to_o hear_v my_o account_n of_o it_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v grant_v when_o i_o have_v do_v that_o your_o objection_n against_o the_o community_n or_o thing_n will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n i_o do_v therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n distinguish_v between_o a_o natural_a and_o a_o civil_a propriety_n by_o the_o former_a mâ—n_z may_v be_v 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this_o and_o have_v be_v so_o often_o at_o a_o ordinary_a and_o a_o playhouse_n at_o the_o former_a you_o know_v though_o a_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o his_o dinner_n yet_o all_o the_o meat_n at_o the_o table_n be_v in_o common_a he_o can_v call_v any_o part_n of_o it_o his_o own_o till_o he_o have_v cut_v it_o or_o divide_v it_o from_o the_o rest_n and_o at_o the_o latter_a a_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o a_o place_n either_o in_o the_o box_n or_o in_o the_o pit_n and_o yet_o he_o can_v tell_v where_o it_o be_v till_o he_o have_v place_v himself_o in_o it_o or_o send_v some_o body_n to_o keep_v it_o for_o he_o m._n i_o do_v apprehend_v what_o you_o mean_v but_o pray_v explain_v to_o i_o the_o manner_n of_o this_o natural_a propriety_n â—_o little_a more_o at_o large_a f._n i_o will_v ready_o do_v it_o since_o if_o that_o be_v well_o do_v i_o grant_v it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a step_n to_o the_o clear_n of_o the_o original_a and_o nature_n of_o all_o civil_a power_n i_o will_v ready_o do_v it_o be_v it_o not_o now_o too_o late_o to_o enter_v upon_o so_o long_a a_o subject_a and_o therefore_o i_o think_v we_o may_v both_o be_v sufficient_o 〈◊〉_d with_o talk_n so_o as_o to_o put_v it_o off_o until_o another_o opportunity_n when_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o my_o thought_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d original_a of_o civil_a government_n in_o what_o sense_n it_o proceed_v from_o god_n and_o yet_o how_o far_o the_o consentus_fw-la the_o people_n be_v necessary_a to_o make_v it_o obligatory_a on_o the_o conscience_n of_o the_o subject_n which_o when_o it_o be_v once_o well_o settle_v i_o hope_v there_o will_v be_v little_a need_n of_o dispute_v far_o whether_o this_o great_a alteration_n have_v be_v bring_v about_o by_o lawful_a mean_n
they_o that_o by_o shoot_v they_o will_v also_o call_v in_o the_o neighbour_a town_n who_o may_v be_v too_o strong_a for_o all_o their_o fellow_n thief_n now_o if_o you_o will_v but_o take_v these_o honest_a people_n of_o the_o next_o town_n for_o such_o neighbour_a prince_n or_o state_n who_o may_v join_v in_o the_o assistance_n of_o such_o a_o oppress_v people_n this_o simile_n will_v full_o answer_v your_o argument_n of_o those_o neighbour_a prince_n that_o may_v take_v part_n with_o a_o oppress_v tyrant_n and_o as_o for_o the_o consequence_n of_o such_o assistance_n on_o the_o one_o side_n or_o the_o other_o that_o it_o may_v happen_v to_o bring_v they_o into_o a_o worse_a condition_n than_o they_o be_v before_o viz._n a_o subjection_n to_o foreigner_n as_o i_o have_v put_v the_o case_n it_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n to_o detâ—r_v the_o people_n from_o resist_v for_o if_o they_o be_v as_o i_o suppose_v reduce_v to_o a_o condition_n of_o slavery_n before_o and_o have_v lose_v all_o 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relate_v he_o offer_v to_o do_v nor_o can_v i_o be_v of_o your_o opinion_n that_o iâ—_n have_v be_v much_o better_a for_o the_o baron_n and_o nobility_n of_o this_o kingdom_n never_o to_o have_v stir_v or_o resist_v the_o king_n at_o all_o since_o if_o they_o have_v not_o they_o have_v never_o obtain_v the_o great_a charter_n of_o our_o liberty_n from_o he_o and_o if_o they_o have_v not_o as_o vigorous_o defend_v it_o when_o they_o have_v once_o get_v it_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o people_n of_o england_n have_v be_v long_o before_o this_o time_n in_o the_o same_o condition_n at_o to_o their_o liberty_n and_o property_n as_o some_o of_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n all_o which_o be_v sufficient_a i_o think_v to_o prove_v that_o resistance_n in_o desperate_a and_o unavoidable_a case_n be_v not_o attend_v with_o those_o mischief_n and_o inconvenience_n you_o suppose_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o say_v much_o more_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o lose_a discourse_n since_o it_o will_v be_v to_o little_a purpose_n but_o only_o take_v notice_n that_o simile_n be_v not_o argument_n and_o therefore_o your_o comparison_n between_o thief_n and_o honest_a man_n do_v not_o hold_v as_o to_o prince_n and_o subject_n since_o sure_a there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o those_o that_o be_v to_o be_v obey_v as_o the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n and_o those_o who_o be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o they_o and_o thief_n who_o act_n direct_o contrary_a to_o god_n will_v and_o honest_a man_n who_o have_v no_o obligation_n to_o they_o may_v just_o resist_v they_o so_o that_o if_o that_o be_v false_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o comparison_n will_v signify_v nothing_o and_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o much_o for_o its_o credit_n to_o have_v be_v extort_a by_o force_n and_o afterward_o defend_v by_o rebellion_n though_o i_o will_v not_o go_v about_o to_o impeach_v the_o validity_n of_o it_o since_o so_o many_o of_o our_o succeed_v king_n have_v so_o solemn_o and_o voluntary_o confirm_v it_o only_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o it_o be_v whole_o derive_v from_o the_o grace_n and_o bounty_n of_o our_o monarch_n and_o therefore_o we_o be_v not_o to_o resist_v though_o it_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v sometime_o and_o in_o some_o particular_a case_n break_v and_o infringe_v by_o the_o king_n for_o some_o great_a occasion_n or_o necessity_n of_o which_o we_o be_v not_o competent_a judge_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o evil_a consequence_n that_o may_v attend_v your_o doctrine_n of_o resistance_n i_o think_v the_o benefit_n will_v be_v much_o great_a to_o the_o people_n by_o strict_o adhere_v to_o those_o doctrine_n of_o absolute_a subjection_n and_o nonresistance_n than_o by_o propagate_a you_o of_o rebellion_n for_o if_o the_o former_a be_v constant_o teach_v and_o inculcate_v as_o most_o beneficial_a for_o they_o and_o if_o they_o be_v once_o real_o persuade_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o and_o will_v both_o constant_o profess_v and_o practice_v it_o it_o will_v make_v all_o prince_n much_o more_o gentle_a and_o mild_a to_o their_o subject_n than_o otherwise_o at_o some_o time_n they_o be_v for_o now_o they_o be_v still_o fearful_a that_o they_o will_v take_v the_o first_o opportunity_n they_o can_v to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o they_o and_o upon_o the_o least_o grievance_n or_o misgovernment_n to_o resist_v their_o authority_n for_o then_o prince_n not_o need_v to_o keep_v any_o such_o constant_a guard_n and_o stand_v army_n may_v afford_v to_o lay_v much_o easy_a tax_n and_o imposition_n upon_o they_o for_o the_o maintenance_n and_o support_v of_o the_o government_n than_o now_o they_o do_v and_o in_o short_a will_v have_v much_o few_o temptation_n to_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n can_v they_o be_v once_o assure_v of_o their_o subject_n absolute_a obedience_n and_o subjection_n whereas_o when_o they_o be_v under_o those_o constant_a fear_n and_o suspicion_n of_o insurrection_n and_o rebellion_n against_o they_o upon_o the_o least_o occasion_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o they_o be_v tempt_v sometime_o to_o abuse_v this_o power_n for_o their_o own_o security_n and_o therefore_o we_o read_v in_o our_o history_n that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n never_o think_v himself_o secure_a from_o the_o english_a who_o he_o have_v new_o conquer_a till_o such_o time_n as_o he_o have_v turn_v most_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n out_o of_o their_o office_n and_o estate_n lest_o they_o shall_v have_v any_o power_n leave_v either_o in_o his_o life_n time_n or_o after_o his_o death_n to_o turn_v he_o or_o his_o posterity_n out_o of_o the_o throne_n as_o they_o do_v the_o heir_n of_o the_o danish_a king_n cnute_n who_o with_o his_o dane_n have_v before_o conquer_a england_n as_o king_n william_n do_v afterward_o with_o his_o norman_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o much_o more_o to_o conduce_v to_o the_o main_a design_n of_o civil_a government_n viz._n the_o happiness_n and_o peace_n of_o mankind_n in_o general_n that_o prince_n and_o other_o supreme_a magistrate_n shall_v be_v suffer_v i_o will_v not_o say_v authorize_v by_o god_n sometime_o to_o abuse_v their_o power_n to_o the_o general_a oppression_n and_o enslave_v of_o the_o people_n without_o any_o resistance_n on_o their_o side_n expect_v their_o deliverance_n whole_o from_o he_o who_o can_v bring_v it_o about_o in_o his_o good_a time_n and_o by_o such_o mean_n as_o shall_v seem_v most_o meet_a to_o he_o than_o that_o subject_n shall_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v both_o judge_n and_o executioner_n too_o in_o their_o own_o case_n and_o thereby_o introduce_v not_o only_o all_o the_o mischief_n of_o civil_a war_n and_o all_o those_o cruel_a revenge_n which_o the_o wrath_n
arm_n against_o their_o king_n 347._o offensive_a or_o defensive_a upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o be_v at_o least_o to_o resist_v the_o power_n which_o be_v ordain_v of_o god_n and_o though_o they_o do_v not_o invade_v but_o only_o resist_v st._n paul_n tell_v they_o plain_o they_o shall_v receive_v to_o themselves_o damnation_n from_o which_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v that_o this_o convocation_n which_o consist_v of_o as_o great_a man_n as_o i_o think_v have_v be_v for_o divers_a age_n do_v clear_o maintain_v monarchy_n to_o be_v of_o divine_a right_n and_o resistance_n to_o be_v in_o no_o case_n lawful_a f._n i_o shall_v grant_v the_o canon_n of_o this_o convocation_n to_o be_v a_o good_a proof_n of_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n be_v it_o not_o for_o two_o very_a good_a reason_n i_o have_v against_o they_o the_o one_o i_o will_v tell_v you_o present_o and_o the_o other_o i_o will_v keep_v a_o while_n to_o myself_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o i_o suppose_v you_o can_v but_o very_o well_o know_v that_o this_o convocation_n sit_v and_o pass_v these_o canon_n which_o likewise_o receive_v the_o king_n confirmation_n after_o the_o parliament_n that_o be_v summon_v together_o with_o this_o convocation_n be_v dissolve_v and_o i_o suppose_v you_o know_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n the_o convocation_n have_v from_o all_o time_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o appendix_n to_o the_o parliament_n be_v till_o then_o always_o dissolve_v with_o it_o for_o which_o reason_n all_o act_n and_o proceed_n of_o this_o convocation_n be_v condemn_v 1365._o and_o declare_v null_n and_o void_a by_o the_o long_a parliament_n that_o begin_v to_o fit_v the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o same_o year_n and_o which_o be_v more_o be_v likewise_o condemn_v by_o the_o first_o parliament_n after_o the_o restauration_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v i_o have_v very_o little_a reason_n to_o own_o thâ—se_a canon_n as_o conclusive_a m._n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o may_v reply_v to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v that_o that_o very_a parliament_n which_o first_o condemn_v these_o canon_n 2._o afterward_o ruin_v the_o monarchy_n itself_o in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o in_o old_a time_n the_o general_n or_o provincial_a synod_n be_v not_o dependant_a upon_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o i_o likewise_o far_o answer_n that_o these_o canon_n be_v make_v and_o confirm_v in_o a_o full_a convocation_n of_o both_o province_n of_o canterbury_n and_o york_z and_o the_o make_n of_o canon_n be_v a_o work_n proper_o ecclesiastical_a these_o canon_n be_v make_v by_o the_o representatives_n of_o the_o whole_a clergy_n of_o this_o kingdom_n 2._o the_o canon_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o king_n which_o be_v all_o that_o be_v of_o old_a require_v in_o such_o case_n and_o though_o the_o convocation_n sit_v after_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o parliament_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o without_o precedent_n even_o in_o the_o happy_a day_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n not_o to_o look_v back_o unto_o henry_n the_o eight_o or_o the_o primitive_a time_n and_o as_o for_o your_o objection_n that_o these_o canon_n be_v reprobate_v since_o the_o restitution_n of_o charles_n the_o ii_o i_o say_v that_o i_o quote_v they_o not_o as_o law_n but_o as_o the_o know_a sense_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n at_o that_o time_n f._n your_o first_o answer_n in_o behalf_n of_o these_o canon_n be_v altogether_o invidious_a for_o it_o be_v not_o this_o parliament_n that_o ruâ—ned_v the_o monarchy_n but_o only_o the_o rump_n or_o fag_n end_n of_o it_o after_o it_o have_v suffer_v divers_a violence_n and_o exclusion_n of_o member_n by_o the_o army_n and_o that_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n be_v by_o this_o junto_n vote_v useless_a and_o dangerous_a be_v shut_v out_o of_o door_n nor_o be_v your_o second_o answer_n any_o more_o true_a for_o ancient_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n the_o 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the_o counsel_n and_o consent_n as_o well_o of_o the_o prelate_n as_o the_o temporal_a lord_n be_v account_v necessary_a in_o pass_v of_o all_o act_n of_o grace_n and_o favour_n to_o the_o people_n because_o that_o have_v many_o royalty_n and_o large_a immunity_n of_o their_o own_o a_o more_o near_a relation_n to_o the_o person_n and_o a_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n nothing_o shall_v pass_v unto_o the_o prejudice_n and_o diminution_n of_o their_o own_o estate_n or_o the_o disable_n of_o the_o king_n to_o support_v his_o sovereignty_n f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v give_v a_o plausible_a account_n concern_v the_o government_n of_o william_n i._n who_o you_o call_v the_o conqueror_n whereas_o if_o it_o be_v more_o exact_o look_v into_o it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o he_o have_v no_o more_o power_n of_o make_v law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n neither_o have_v he_o any_o such_o 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voluntate_fw-la regis_fw-la teâ—â—ere_fw-la praesumptum_fw-la est_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la consilio_fw-la magistratuum_fw-la suoâ—an_fw-la rege_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la praesâ—aâ—â—e_fw-la &_o babâ—â—a_fw-la super_fw-la hoâ—_n deliberatâ—one_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v in_o the_o time_n when_o this_o author_n write_v the_o king_n can_v do_v no_o more_o by_o his_o prerogative_n than_o the_o law_n allow_v he_o to_o do_v and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a it_o be_v his_o will_n and_o authority_n that_o give_v vigour_n to_o the_o law_n yet_o this_o only_a as_o it_o be_v declare_v in_o parliament_n and_o in_o those_o act_n which_o have_v before_o receive_v the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n here_o call_v the_o king_n magistrate_n and_o therefore_o you_o have_v do_v what_o you_o can_v to_o confound_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o king_n declaration_n or_o writ_n explain_v and_o enforce_v the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n or_o else_o interpret_n former_a act_n of_o 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that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o king_n be_v privy_a council_n but_o another_o quite_o different_a from_o it_o and_o to_o which_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o fleâ—a_n refer_v in_o his_o second_o book_n cap._n 2._o habet_fw-la enim_fw-la rex_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la in_o concilio_n svo_fw-la in_o parliamentis_fw-la suis_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la praelatis_fw-la comit._n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o council_n consist_v of_o all_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n viz._n the_o lord_n treasurer_n chancellor_n and_o keeper_n of_o the_o privy_a seal_n master_n of_o the_o wardrobe_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n common_a plea_n baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n justice_n itinerant_n and_o justice_n of_o assize_n with_o such_o of_o the_o dignify_v clergy_n as_o it_o please_v the_o king_n to_o call_v which_o that_o they_o be_v altogether_o distinct_a from_o the_o king_n be_v privy_a council_n appear_v plain_o by_o this_o that_o the_o late_a never_o include_v all_o the_o judge_n nor_o do_v the_o privy_a council_n ever_o exercise_v any_o judicial_a authority_n in_o parliament_n as_o this_o council_n do_v in_o those_o day_n but_o that_o this_o council_n consist_v of_o the_o party_n above_o mention_v see_v the_o statute_n of_o escheator_n make_v 29_o edw._n i._o dorso_n and_o in_o the_o placita_fw-la parliamentaria_fw-la of_o that_o year_n the_o statute_n run_v thus_o per_fw-la consilium_fw-la regis_fw-la concordatum_fw-la est_fw-la coram_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la ipso_fw-la consentiente_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o this_o year_n it_o be_v clear_o explain_v who_o be_v of_o this_o council_n their_o name_n be_v there_o particular_o recite_v viz._n all_o the_o great_a officer_n abovementioned_a together_o with_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n court_n and_o justice_n itinerant_a etc._n etc._n which_o be_v likewise_o explain_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v 9_o edw._n 2._o rex_fw-la voluit_fw-la quod_fw-la dominus_fw-la cancellarius_fw-la thesaurarius_fw-la barones_n soaccarii_fw-la justiâ—iarii_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la londin_n 9_o existente_fw-la convenirent_fw-la i_o can_v give_v you_o many_o more_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o but_o two_o more_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o council_n in_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v the_o king_n be_v ordinary_a privy_a council_n 97._o the_o first_o be_v in_o placit_fw-la parliament_n 2_o edw._n 3._o in_o a_o cause_n betwixt_o thomas_n fitz-peter_n and_o alienora_n wife_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr mowbray_n coram_fw-la rege_fw-la the_o record_n be_v long_o but_o conclude_v thus_o to_o the_o justice_n et_fw-la si_fw-la difficultas_fw-la aliqua_fw-la subfuerit_fw-la quare_fw-la praemissa_fw-la facere_fw-la non_fw-la possâ—tis_fw-la tunâ—_n placitum_fw-la illâ—â—d_fw-la usque_fw-la in_o prox._n parliamentum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la udjornetis_fw-gr ut_fw-la ibidem_fw-la â—unc_fw-la inde_fw-la fieri_fw-la valeat_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la nostro_fw-la fuerit_fw-la faciendum_fw-la by_o which_o we_o may_v very_o
for_o as_o johannes_n pomarius_n in_o his_o saxon_a chronicle_n show_v we_o for_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o to_o verstegan_n where_o this_o passage_n be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o large_a verstegan_n p._n 68_o so_o that_o if_o this_o be_v the_o government_n of_o the_o saxon_n as_o low_o as_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a i_o dare_v leave_v it_o to_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v whether_o the_o first_o saxon_n king_n in_o this_o island_n be_v make_v so_o by_o their_o own_o prince_n before_o they_o come_v over_o or_o be_v choose_v by_o their_o follower_n since_o no_o historian_n mention_v the_o former_a though_o all_o of_o they_o agree_v of_o the_o latter_a they_o common_o use_v this_o phrase_n regem_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la or_o elegerunt_fw-la and_o that_o all_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n be_v elective_a 137._o nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a since_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n do_v not_o only_o elect_v they_o but_o 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call_v his_o law_n and_o his_o custom_n will._n of_o malmsbury_n have_v very_o well_o observe_v when_o speak_v of_o the_o good_a law_n make_v by_o ancient_a king_n and_o especial_o by_o king_n ethelred_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o king_n câ—â—â—e_n he_o have_v this_o remarkable_a passage_n in_o quarum_fw-la custodiam_fw-la etiam_fw-la â—unc_fw-la temporis_fw-la bonarum_fw-la sub_fw-la nomine_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la juratur_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la ille_fw-la statuerit_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la observaverit_fw-la the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o the_o law_n of_o divers_a other_o saxon_a king_n which_o though_o they_o go_v under_o their_o name_n yet_o be_v make_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o by_o the_o title_n of_o the_o law_n themselves_o in_o mr._n lambert_n and_o sir_n h._n spelman_n collection_n of_o they_o you_o may_v be_v satisfy_v if_o you_o please_v but_o for_o a_o taste_n pray_v see_v the_o law_n of_o king_n alfred_n which_o you_o cite_v which_o tho_o say_v to_o be_v
make_v by_o he_o as_o indeed_o it_o be_v true_a he_o compile_v they_o out_o of_o divers_a other_o law_n former_o in_o force_n in_o the_o other_o kingdom_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n yet_o that_o they_o be_v also_o show_v and_o assent_v to_o by_o the_o wittenae_fw-la gemot_n pray_v see_v the_o conclusion_n of_o these_o law_n in_o sir_n h._n spelman_n the_o word_n be_v remarkable_a ego_fw-la aelfredus_fw-la west_n saxonum_n rex_fw-la ostendi_fw-la haec_fw-la omnibus_fw-la sapientibus_fw-la meis_fw-la &_o dixerunt_fw-la place_n ea_fw-la custodiri_fw-la so_o that_o the_o call_v they_o the_o law_n of_o king_n alfred_n or_o king_n edward_n do_v no_o more_o prove_v that_o they_o alone_o make_v they_o then_o our_o now_o cite_v such_o or_o such_o a_o statute_n of_o k._n henry_n 8_o or_o king_n charles_n the_o one_a do_v therefore_o suppose_v that_o those_o king_n make_v law_n by_o their_o own_o sole_a authority_n such_o phrase_n among_o ancient_a historian_n as_o well_o as_o ourselves_o at_o this_o day_n be_v use_v only_o for_o brevity_n sake_n and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o their_o confirmation_n of_o they_o m._n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o our_o ancient_a english_a king_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n make_v no_o law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n yet_o i_o think_v i_o can_v give_v you_o a_o unanswerable_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o very_o be_v and_o constitution_n of_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n do_v in_o the_o beginning_n whole_o proceed_v from_o the_o grace_n and_o favour_n of_o some_o of_o our_o ancient_a king_n thâ—_n to_o which_o of_o they_o to_o ascribe_v it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o determine_v but_o if_o we_o may_v believe_v your_o own_o author_n the_o mirror_n he_o tell_v we_o almost_o at_o the_o very_a beginning_n that_o king_n alfred_n for_o the_o good_a state_n of_o the_o realm_n cause_v to_o assemble_v the_o count_n or_o peer_n and_o then_o ordain_v for_o a_o perpetual_a custom_n that_o twice_o in_o the_o year_n or_o often_o for_o business_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n they_o shall_v assemble_v at_o london_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o people_n of_o god_n and_o how_o folk_n shall_v keep_v themselves_o from_o offence_n and_o live_v in_o quiet_a and_o shall_v receive_v right_o by_o certain_a usage_n and_o judgement_n and_o according_a to_o this_o establishment_n be_v make_v divers_a ordinance_n by_o divers_a king_n until_o the_o present_a king_n viz._n edw._n one_a but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o proof_n of_o what_o i_o affirm_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o those_o first_o time_n the_o saxon_a king_n confer_v all_o the_o bishopric_n and_o principal_a abbey_n in_o england_n per_fw-la annulum_fw-la &_o baculum_fw-la as_o ingulf_n and_o malmsbury_n express_o tell_v we_o and_o as_o for_o the_o earl_n or_o alderman_n of_o county_n as_o also_o the_o great_a thanes_z judges_z or_o nobleman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o be_v only_a office_n hold_v for_o life_n in_o those_o time_n which_o the_o king_n may_v discharge_v they_o of_o at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o hence_o we_o find_v the_o title_n of_o aldermanus_n regis_n and_o thanus_n regis_n so_o frequent_o to_o occur_v in_o our_o ancient_a history_n and_o charter_n these_o comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o wites_z be_v the_o only_a constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n in_o those_o time_n for_o as_o concern_v those_o we_o now_o call_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n we_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o find_v the_o least_o mention_n of_o they_o or_o any_o representative_n for_o they_o till_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n hen._n 3d._n or_o the_o middle_n of_o edw._n 1st_n reign_n as_o i_o think_v dr._n brady_n have_v learned_o and_o full_o prove_v in_o his_o last_o edition_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n petyt_n treatise_n of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n asserted_n now_o if_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o every_o part_n or_o member_n of_o the_o parliament_n do_v ancient_o receive_v their_o very_a be_v from_o the_o mere_a grace_n and_o concession_n of_o our_o ancient_a monarch_n can_v you_o or_o any_o reasonable_a man_n assert_v with_o any_o colour_n of_o truth_n that_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n can_v be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n and_o as_o ancient_n as_o the_o government_n itself_o and_o if_o parliament_n do_v thus_o receive_v all_o that_o authority_n they_o now_o exercise_v from_o the_o king_n bounty_n can_v any_o man_n doubt_v whether_o all_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n we_o now_o enjoy_v be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o any_o other_o original_a for_o if_o the_o very_a keeper_n as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o of_o these_o liberty_n do_v all_o proceed_v from_o the_o king_n then_o certain_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v keep_v must_v do_v so_o too_o and_o when_o you_o can_v answer_v this_o argument_n i_o have_v now_o bring_v i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o promise_v you_o to_o be_v your_o proselyte_n and_o to_o come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n m._n i_o confess_v this_o be_v the_o most_o plausible_a argument_n you_o have_v hitherto_o urge_v and_o if_o i_o can_v answer_v it_o i_o do_v likewise_o promise_v you_o to_o become_v your_o convert_n but_o though_o grant_v that_o parliament_n may_v have_v receive_v their_o be_v from_o the_o favour_n of_o our_o king_n i_o may_v deny_v your_o consequence_n that_o therefore_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o all_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n must_v do_v so_o too_o since_o they_o may_v very_o well_o have_v reserve_v to_o themselves_o both_o hereditary_a property_n as_o also_o a_o right_n to_o their_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n which_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o take_v from_o they_o without_o just_a cause_n and_o legal_a trial_n which_o when_o they_o find_v invade_v by_o succeed_a prince_n they_o may_v then_o and_o not_o till_o then_o find_v constant_a great_a council_n and_o parliament_n to_o be_v necessary_a for_o that_o end_n and_o as_o the_o firm_a bulwark_n against_o the_o tyranny_n of_o succeed_v prince_n but_o the_o author_n of_o the_o mirror_n in_o the_o section_n before_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o you_o take_v your_o last_o quotation_n express_o tell_v we_o that_o upon_o the_o first_o election_n of_o a_o king_n to_o reign_v over_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o saxon_a prince_n they_o first_o of_o all_o madâ—_n he_o to_o sweâ—r_n that_o he_o will_v maintain_v the_o holy_a christian_a faith_n with_o all_o his_o power_n and_o will_v govern_v his_o people_n according_a to_o right_n without_o regard_n to_o any_o person_n and_o shall_v be_v liable_a to_o suffer_v right_o i._n e._n judgement_n as_o well_o as_o other_o of_o his_o people_n and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o give_v any_o credit_n to_o all_o the_o story_n he_o there_o relate_v of_o 40_o sovereign_a prince_n in_o this_o island_n at_o once_o yet_o the_o substance_n of_o it_o may_v be_v true_a that_o this_o election_n be_v make_v of_o king_n egbert_n by_o the_o 40_o earl_n or_o count_n of_o province_n which_o be_v afterward_o by_o king_n alfred_n call_v shire_n but_o that_o this_o author_n ascribe_v the_o beginning_n of_o great_a council_n to_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n pray_v see_v what_o he_o there_o fâ—rther_o say_v and_o though_o the_o king_n can_v have_v no_o peer_n in_o the_o land_n nevertheless_o if_o by_o his_o own_o wrong_n nequidant_a he_o offend_v against_o any_o of_o his_o people_n none_o of_o those_o that_o judge_n for_o he_o can_v be_v both_o judge_n and_o party_n it_o be_v therefore_o agreeable_a to_o right_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v companion_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v in_o parliament_n all_o writ_n and_o complaint_n concern_v the_o wrong_n of_o the_o king_n queen_n and_o their_o child_n of_o which_o wrong_n they_o can_v not_o otherwise_o have_v common_a right_n these_o companion_n be_v therefore_o call_v count_n after_o the_o latin_a câ—mitâ—e_n whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o this_o author_n and_o bracton_n who_o be_v contemporary_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n in_o this_o important_a point_n and_o i_o can_v imagine_v how_o any_o prince_n who_o have_v power_n sufficient_a in_o his_o hand_n to_o do_v what_o he_o please_v as_o you_o suppose_v our_o english_a saxon_n monarch_n to_o have_v have_v at_o the_o first_o will_v ever_o if_o they_o can_v have_v help_v it_o have_v institute_v a_o court_n one_o of_o who_o chief_a business_n it_o be_v to_o examine_v and_o redress_v the_o wrong_n and_o oppression_n of_o themselves_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n but_o beside_o all_o this_o what_o you_o say_v may_v be_v somewhat_o likely_a that_o our_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n do_v owe_v their_o original_a only_a to_o the_o king_n good_a will_n and_o pleasure_n do_v we_o not_o find_v the_o like_a
with_o the_o advice_n and_o assistance_n of_o their_o wite_n or_o wiseman_n simple_o without_o mention_v any_o particular_a order_n of_o man_n whatsoever_o and_o when_o any_o rank_a or_o degree_n of_o man_n be_v particular_o mention_v they_o be_v only_o the_o same_o before_o rehearse_v both_o ecclesiastic_n and_o laic_n 2._o i_o note_v that_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o wittena_n gâ—motes_n micel_v synod_n micel_v gemote_n or_o great_a council_n where_o the_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v only_o by_o the_o king_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la without_o particularise_v any_o degree_n of_o person_n the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n for_o the_o spiritual_a nobility_n and_o the_o eorl_n or_o alderman_n and_o thanes_z for_o the_o temporal_a be_v present_a at_o the_o make_n of_o they_o as_o also_o the_o judge_n if_o there_o be_v any_o of_o the_o high_a class_n other_o than_o bishop_n aldermen_z and_o gereve_n or_o praepositi_fw-la 3._o i_o note_v that_o it_o follow_v from_o thence_o that_o these_o all_o joint_o be_v the_o sapientes_fw-la where_o there_o be_v only_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la in_o general_n name_v without_o recite_v any_o particular_a order_n or_o degree_n of_o men._n now_o if_o you_o can_v show_v i_o from_o as_o good_a authority_n as_o i_o have_v here_o produce_v that_o any_o of_o the_o commons_o sit_v in_o these_o great_a council_n at_o least_o to_o represent_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o among_o the_o saxon_n i_o will_v grant_v that_o during_o the_o saxon_a government_n the_o freeman_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o call_v and_o distinguish_v from_o the_o great_a lord_n be_v a_o essential_a constituent_a part_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o those_o time_n f._n to_o return_v you_o as_o short_a a_o answer_n as_o i_o can_v to_o those_o authority_n you_o now_o cite_v i_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n premise_v that_o though_o i_o grant_v all_o nobility_n among_o the_o ancient_a german_n saxon_n and_o frank_n who_o be_v but_o so_o many_o stirps_fw-la or_o branch_n of_o the_o gothic_a nation_n be_v at_o first_o whole_o military_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a mistake_n and_o savour_v of_o the_o prejudices_fw-la of_o the_o age_n and_o country_n we_o live_v in_o to_o imagine_v that_o ancient_o there_o be_v the_o same_o distinction_n between_o peer_n or_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n who_o we_o now_o call_v commoner_n as_o there_o be_v now_o for_o if_o we_o go_v but_o over_o into_o france_n or_o germany_n we_o shall_v find_v no_o difference_n there_o between_o the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o nobility_n and_o a_o gentleman_n be_v as_o noble_a as_o a_o dâ—ke_n or_o a_o marquis_n and_o if_o we_o pass_v far_o into_o denmark_n and_o norway_n from_o whence_o most_o of_o the_o danish_a law_n be_v suppose_v to_o come_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o but_o few_o year_n ago_o there_o be_v no_o such_o title_n among_o they_o as_o earl_n or_o baron_n every_o lord_n of_o a_o town_n or_o district_n be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v a_o adelman_n or_o nobleman_n and_o so_o i_o suppose_v it_o ancient_o be_v among_o the_o english_a saxon_n the_o word_n athel_n or_o adel_n comprehend_v to_o speak_v in_o our_o present_a dialect_n all_o degree_n as_o well_o nobleman_n as_o gentleman_n and_o for_o this_o i_o can_v give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o ancient_a author_n viz._n paulus_n warnefridus_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la longobardorum_fw-la 21._o who_o speak_v of_o these_o adelman_n or_o adeling_n tell_v we_o sic_fw-la and_o eos_fw-la quidam_fw-la nobiles_fw-la prosapia_fw-la vocabantur_fw-la so_o likewise_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n adelingi_n tit._n p._n 9_o 10._o write_v thus_o anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la dici_fw-la pro_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la dum_fw-la apud_fw-la germanos_fw-la antiquatum_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la omnes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la aedelman_n vocant_fw-la a_o saxonico_n aedel_n pro_fw-la nobili_fw-la and_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n make_v the_o word_n aethelum_n to_o signify_v all_o one_o 708._o either_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n beside_o adam_n of_o bremen_n and_o 4._o nitardus_fw-la likewise_o both_o ancient_a historian_n divide_v the_o saxon_a nation_n into_o three_o different_a degree_n or_o order_n viz_o into_o atheling_n i._n e._n noble_n friling_n i._n e._n freemen_n and_o lazzos_n i._n e._n villain_n bours_z or_o bondman_n beside_o which_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n there_o be_v likewise_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n who_o though_o of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n yet_o as_o freeman_n and_o have_v a_o considerable_a share_n of_o the_o riches_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o their_o hand_n have_v likewise_o a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a and_o these_o be_v the_o alderman_n or_o other_o magistrate_n of_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o in_o this_o they_o resemble_v the_o german_a diet_n who_o constituent_a member_n be_v according_a to_o gonterus_fw-la a_o ancient_a german_a poet_n praelati_fw-la proceres_fw-la missisque_fw-la potentibus_fw-la urbes_fw-la but_o since_o this_o be_v a_o dispute_n about_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n in_o what_o sense_n they_o be_v use_v in_o that_o age_n we_o be_v now_o treat_v of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v inconvenient_a to_o examine_v from_o the_o most_o learned_a glossarist_n the_o ancient_a signification_n of_o those_o word_n which_o be_v in_o dispute_n between_o we_o and_o therefore_o since_o we_o be_v agree_v about_o the_o meaning_n of_o all_o other_o word_n except_o these_o viz._n alderman_n thanes_z wites_z magnates_n optimates_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la preceres_fw-la or_o primate_fw-la let_v we_o examine_v each_o of_o their_o ancient_a signification_n to_o begin_v then_o with_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n alderman_n which_o word_n be_v of_o a_o very_a general_a signification_n for_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n alderman_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v aldermannus_n regis_n comitatus_fw-la civitatis_fw-la burgi_n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr quorum_fw-la potestate_fw-la non_fw-la facile_fw-la est_fw-la definire_fw-la alderman_n mr._n lambard_n render_v the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n in_o latin_a senator_n i._n e._n one_o that_o have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o so_o do_v mr._n somner_n in_o his_o saxon_a dictionary_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v learn_v that_o this_o word_n be_v of_o a_o large_a signification_n and_o may_v comprehend_v such_o as_o in_o latter_a time_n be_v call_v commons_o alderman_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o lord_n or_o high_a nobility_n and_o can_v not_o exclude_v they_o verstegan_n render_v this_o word_n thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o write_v in_o our_o ancient_a language_n 326._o be_v proper_o a_o elder_a or_o senior_n yet_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n which_o we_o call_v now_o a_o alderman_n be_v such_o in_o effect_n among_o our_o ancestor_n as_o be_v the_o tribunus_n plebis_fw-la with_o the_o roman_n that_o be_v one_o that_o have_v chief_a jurisdiction_n among_o the_o commons_o as_o be_v a_o maintainer_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o if_o so_o such_o person_n must_v certain_o have_v have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o commoner_n and_o therefore_o must_v from_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o thing_n signify_v something_o more_o in_o those_o time_n than_o a_o earl_n or_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o king_n only_o so_o likewise_o that_o the_o word_n thane_n comprehend_v more_o than_o the_o king_n great_a feudal_n or_o military_a tenant_n may_v appear_v by_o these_o interpretation_n of_o it_o which_o our_o antiquary_n have_v give_v we_o the_o industrious_a mr._n somner_n in_o his_o glossary_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o x._o scriptores_fw-la as_o also_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n 267._o do_v both_o agree_v in_o the_o difference_n i_o now_o make_v between_o the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o thanes_z the_o former_a be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d thani_fw-la regii_fw-la 69._o the_o other_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d mediocres_fw-la vel_fw-la inferiores_fw-la thani_fw-la middle_n or_o less_o thanes_z who_o be_v maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la nobiles_fw-la miâ—â—â—es_fw-la vavasores_fw-la &_o nonnunquam_fw-la liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la with_o who_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n agree_v thanorum_fw-la duo_fw-la erant_fw-la genera_fw-la majores_fw-la quos_fw-la thainâ—s_fw-la regis_fw-la appellabant_fw-la nos_fw-la barones_n regis_fw-la &_o thaini_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la seu_fw-la thaini_fw-la minores_fw-la quâ—_n iidem_fw-la erant_fw-la qui_fw-la barones_n minores_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la nobiles_fw-la minores_fw-la &_o nonnunquam_fw-la liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la nuncupantur_fw-la so_o likewise_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o glossary_n 223._o thus_o thani_fw-la autem_fw-la appellatione_fw-la viri_fw-la interdum_fw-la nobiles_fw-la interdum_fw-la liberae_fw-la conditionis_fw-la homines_fw-la interdum_fw-la magistratus_fw-la
prolix_a already_o which_o the_o abuse_v your_o dr._n have_v put_v upon_o these_o word_n will_v not_o permit_v i_o to_o avoid_v but_o now_o we_o have_v clear_v most_o of_o the_o term_n in_o dispute_n between_o we_o i_o hope_v we_o may_v proceed_v with_o great_a certainty_n m._n though_o your_o discourse_n have_v be_v long_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v so_o essential_o necessary_a to_o the_o right_a understanding_n the_o matter_n in_o hand_n i_o be_o well_o satisfy_v and_o i_o shall_v more_o full_o consider_v the_o account_n you_o give_v of_o these_o word_n another_o time_n but_o a_o present_a give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o suppose_v i_o shall_v admit_v that_o those_o word_n on_o which_o you_o have_v now_o give_v interpretation_n of_o divers_a author_n may_v sometime_o be_v take_v in_o the_o sense_n you_o have_v now_o put_v upon_o they_o and_o that_o consequent_o the_o commons_o may_v be_v represent_v under_o some_o of_o those_o general_a name_n yet_o be_o i_o not_o satisfy_v how_o the_o alderman_n and_o magistrate_n of_o city_n and_o borough_n can_v be_v include_v under_o this_o word_n wite_v since_o in_o the_o auctuary_n to_o the_o 35_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n it_o be_v say_v erant_fw-la &_o aliae_fw-la potestates_fw-la &_o dignitates_fw-la 67._o per_fw-la provincias_fw-la &_o patrias_n universas_fw-la &_o per_fw-la singulos_fw-la comitatus_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la constitutae_fw-la qui_fw-la heretoches_n apud_fw-la anglos_n vocabantur_fw-la scilicet_fw-la barones_n nobiles_fw-la &_o ensign_fw-la sapientes_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o gregory_n of_o tours_n rodovicus_fw-la and_o many_o of_o the_o foreign_a ancient_a historian_n mention_v sapientes_fw-la only_a as_o lawyer_n counsellor_n judge_n and_o among_o the_o modern_a foreign_a lawyer_n hottomon_n and_o calvin_n say_v express_o they_o be_v such_o but_o perhaps_o not_o of_o the_o inferior_a ranâ—_n no_o more_o than_o the_o saxon_n sapientes_fw-la be_v of_o which_o their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d only_o consist_v and_o we_o have_v at_o this_o day_n the_o judge_n and_o king_n council_n and_o other_o great_a lawyer_n that_o sit_v in_o the_o lord_n house_n and_o be_v assistant_n to_o the_o parliament_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n nor_o have_v you_o yet_o bring_v any_o proof_n that_o the_o city_n or_o town_n then_o send_v their_o representative_n to_o the_o great_a council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n by_o this_o or_o any_o other_o title_n but_o as_o for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n though_o i_o grant_v the_o treatise_n call_v modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la mention_n such_o person_n to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n ethelred_n yet_o by_o that_o word_n parliament_n so_o often_o use_v by_o the_o author_n of_o that_o treatise_n and_o divers_a other_o circumstance_n it_o may_v be_v easy_o perceive_v that_o the_o author_n live_v but_o about_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 3._o or_o rich._n 2._o as_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o animadversion_n to_o sir_n e._n cook_n be_v four_o institutes_n have_v very_o full_o prove_v so_o that_o admit_v that_o your_o thanes_z or_o lord_n of_o town_n do_v then_o appear_v in_o those_o council_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n yet_o can_v they_o not_o be_v proper_o say_v to_o be_v their_o representative_n because_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o they_o be_v never_o choose_v by_o they_o whereas_o now_o the_o ordinary_a freeholder_n of_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n and_o the_o freeman_n and_o inhabitant_n in_o city_n and_o town_n have_v the_o grâ—â—test_a share_n in_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o as_o for_o those_o thanes_z you_o mention_v they_o or_o those_o under_o who_o they_o claim_v owe_v their_o estate_n whole_o to_o the_o grant_n of_o former_a king_n and_o hold_v their_o possession_n from_o they_o by_o some_o tenure_n or_o other_o and_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o tenure_n it_o be_v that_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v liable_a even_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n to_o those_o three_o service_n ancient_o call_v trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la viz._n expediâ—â—â—_n castelli_n &_o pontis_fw-la extructio_fw-la that_o be_v military_a service_n against_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n and_o the_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o common_a service_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o the_o earl_n and_o chief_z thanes_z do_v hold_v their_o land_n by_o knight_n or_o military_a service_n appear_v by_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o thanes_z exâ—â—rest_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n cnut_n in_o sir_n h._n spelman_n council_n so_o that_o if_o all_o the_o person_n who_o hold_v those_o land_n owe_v they_o whole_o to_o the_o king_n bounty_n it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o they_o must_v likewise_o owe_v their_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n to_o the_o same_o original_a f._n i_o think_v what_o you_o have_v now_o far_o urge_v will_v be_v of_o no_o great_a moment_n against_o my_o opinion_n for_o as_o to_o the_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o the_o addition_n to_o that_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o word_n barones_n that_o it_o be_v add_v long_o since_o that_o time_n that_o word_n not_o be_v common_o in_o use_n till_o some_o time_n after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o let_v that_o pass_n it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o law_n if_o you_o will_v have_v be_v please_v to_o have_v read_v it_o out_o that_o these_o heretoches_n here_o call_v baron_n be_v no_o other_o than_o ordinary_a gentleman_n or_o thanes_z which_o then_o answer_v the_o word_n barones_n and_o these_o as_o this_o law_n itself_o express_o tell_v we_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o freeman_n in_o the_o folemote_a or_o county-court_n and_o therefore_o though_o i_o grant_v they_o may_v be_v man_n of_o estate_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o their_o be_v lord_n or_o noble_a by_o birth_n nor_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o the_o people_n will_v have_v choose_v their_o earl_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o like_a order_n to_o command_v they_o when_o they_o have_v sufficient_a choice_n of_o thanes_z or_o gentleman_n in_o their_o own_o country_n to_o command_v the_o military_a force_n of_o it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a these_o gentleman_n be_v call_v noble_n and_o remarkable_a wise_a man_n yet_o this_o according_a to_o your_o own_o show_v do_v not_o exclude_v other_o and_o those_o of_o a_o far_o different_a profession_n viz._n counsellor_n lawyer_n and_o judge_n all_o which_o you_o suppose_v have_v then_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o they_o have_v now_o in_o the_o lordâ—_n house_n and_o if_o this_o word_n may_v comprehend_v both_o swordman_n and_o lawyer_n i_o can_v see_v why_o it_o may_v not_o also_o take_v in_o the_o better_o and_o rich_a sort_n of_o citizen_n and_o magistrate_n who_o in_o that_o age_n as_o be_v notorious_a be_v elect_v by_o their_o respective_a corporation_n and_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o these_o be_v call_v sapientes_fw-la in_o other_o country_n and_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o â—ny_v not_o have_v be_v call_v so_o here_o too_o but_o that_o the_o king_n judge_n and_o counsellor_n can_v have_v no_o vote_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n i_o have_v already_o give_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o the_o contrary_n but_o i_o shall_v now_o far_o show_v you_o that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n be_v so_o much_o more_o numerous_a and_o considerable_a than_o they_o be_v now_o must_v needs_o have_v have_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n a_o considerable_a share_n in_o those_o great_a council_n since_o in_o they_o consist_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o strength_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v many_o more_o than_o they_o be_v at_o this_o day_n for_o bede_n 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o history_n that_o there_o be_v in_o england_n long_o before_o his_o time_n 28_o famous_a city_n beside_o innumerable_a castle_n and_o wall_a town_n of_o note_n many_o of_o which_o author_n though_o now_o extreme_o decay_v or_o quite_o mine_v be_v then_o very_o considerable_a the_o great_a and_o rich_a part_n of_o the_o nation_n inhabit_v in_o those_o time_n for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o city_n or_o great_a town_n for_o their_o great_a benefit_n or_o security_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o england_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o long_o after_o â—y_a incultivate_v and_o over_o run_v with_o forest_n and_o bogâ—_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o city_n and_o borough_n be_v they_o so_o considerable_a for_o estate_n in_o land_n as_o well_o as_o other_o richâ—â—_n can_v not_o â—e_v exclude_v from_o have_v place_n both_o in_o the_o british_a or_o saxon_a great_a council_n what_o man_n of_o sense_n can_v
deputy_n to_o their_o great_a council_n at_o all_o and_o since_o the_o government_n of_o england_n as_o you_o yourself_o grant_v do_v very_o much_o resemble_v that_o why_o may_v it_o not_o be_v so_o here_o too_o f._n i_o think_v your_o reply_n have_v no_o more_o weight_n in_o it_o than_o what_o you_o have_v already_o urge_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o lie_v upon_o your_o side_n to_o prove_v that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n be_v or_o chief_a thanes_z have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n and_o wheâ—â—_n you_o can_v prove_v that_o you_o may_v do_v something_o but_o what_o i_o have_v now_o bring_v to_o prove_v the_o great_a antiquity_n of_o our_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n be_v not_o so_o little_a to_o the_o purpose_n as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o since_o it_o confirm_v that_o right_n of_o prescription_n which_o all_o ancient_a city_n and_o burrough_n be_v england_n do_v claim_n of_o senâ—ing_a member_n to_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o pray_v 〈◊〉_d what_o mr._n lambard_n a_o person_n who_o all_o the_o learned_a own_o extreme_o know_v in_o the_o english_a saxon_a government_n tell_v we_o on_o this_o subject_a etc._n in_o his_o archeion_n in_o these_o word_n that_o whereas_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o law_n viz._n those_o make_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n he_o there_o mention_n all_o the_o act_n be_v say_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o king_n and_o â—is_n wiseman_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o law_n each_o statute_n be_v thus_o and_o it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o his_o wiseman_n so_o as_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v then_o a_o receive_a form_n of_o speech_n to_o signify_v both_o the_o spirituality_n and_o laity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o great_a nobility_n and_o the_o less_o or_o commons_o by_o this_o one_o word_n witena_n i._n e._n wiseman_n now_o as_o these_o write_a authority_n do_v undoubted_o confirm_v our_o assertion_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o this_o manner_n of_o parliament_n so_o be_v there_o also_o unwritten_a law_n or_o prescription_n 〈◊〉_d do_v no_o less_o infallible_o uphold_v the_o same_o for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o in_o every_o quarter_n of_o the_o realm_n a_o great_a many_o burrough_n do_v yet_o send_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n which_o be_v nevertheless_o so_o ancient_a and_o so_o long_o since_o decay_v and_o go_v to_o nought_o that_o it_o can_v be_v show_v that_o they_o have_v be_v of_o any_o reputation_n at_o any_o time_n since_o the_o conquest_n and_o much_o lesâ—_n than_o they_o have_v obtain_v this_o privilege_n by_o the_o grant_n of_o any_o king_n succeed_v the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o interest_n which_o they_o have_v in_o parliament_n grow_v by_o a_o ancient_a usage_n before_o the_o conquest_n whereof_o they_o can_v show_v any_o beginning_n which_o thing_n be_v also_o confirm_v by_o a_o contrary_a usage_n in_o the_o self_n same_o thing_n for_o it_o be_v likewise_o know_v that_o they_o of_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la do_v prescribe_v in_o not_o send_v to_o the_o parliament_n for_o which_o reason_n also_o they_o be_v neither_o contributer_n to_o the_o wage_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n neither_o be_v they_o bind_v by_o sundry_a act_n of_o parliament_n though_o the_o same_o be_v general_o pen_v and_o do_v make_v no_o exception_n of_o they_o but_o there_o be_v no_o ancient_a demesne_n save_v that_o only_a which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_fw-la regis_fw-la which_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v such_o as_o either_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o conqueror_n himself_o who_o make_v the_o book_n or_o of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n that_o be_v before_o he_o and_o so_o again_o if_o they_o of_o ancient_a demesne_n have_v ever_o since_o the_o conquest_n prescribe_v not_o to_o elect_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n then_o no_o doubt_n there_o be_v a_o parliament_n before_o the_o conquest_n to_o the_o which_o they_o of_o other_o place_n do_v send_v their_o burgess_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o learned_a author_n do_v not_o only_o believe_v that_o the_o lord_n but_o that_o also_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n and_o representative_n of_o city_n and_o town_n be_v include_v under_o the_o word_n wite_v and_o also_o that_o these_o placeâ—_n claim_v that_o privilege_n by_o prescription_n and_o not_o by_o grant_n of_o any_o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n or_o before_o m._n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o mr._n lambard_n be_v a_o learned_a antiquary_n yet_o there_o be_v other_o more_o in_o number_n and_o perhaps_o of_o great_a learning_n who_o do_v suppose_v that_o no_o city_n or_o burrough_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n but_o since_o the_o conquest_n the_o i_o confess_v the_o time_n be_v not_o exact_o agree_v on_o but_o whenever_o they_o begin_v to_o appeaâ—â—_n there_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o can_v have_v no_o right_n of_o come_v but_o from_o the_o king_n summons_n or_o grant_n since_o none_o but_o such_o city_n or_o town_n that_o hold_v of_o thâ—_n king_n in_o capite_fw-la 38._o have_v ancient_o any_o place_n in_o those_o assembly_n noâ—_n of_o they_o neither_o any_o other_o but_o those_o who_o the_o king_n please_v to_o call_v and_o from_o thence_o proceed_v that_o great_a variety_n we_o find_v in_o the_o list_n of_o those_o town_n which_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n but_o i_o shall_v omit_v speak_v any_o thing_n far_o of_o this_o at_o present_a but_o as_o for_o those_o middle_n inferior_a thanes_z or_o vavassour_n as_o they_o be_v afterward_o call_v who_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v make_v so_o great_a a_o figure_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v that_o they_o have_v any_o vote_n there_o and_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v to_o you_o by_o and_o by_o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v in_o those_o meeting_n from_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o 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the_o people_n than_o make_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n m._n pray_v sir_n 4._o will_v you_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v your_o question_n one_o by_o one_o as_o you_o go_v for_o fear_v i_o shall_v not_o only_o forget_v they_o but_o also_o tire_v you_o with_o too_o long_a a_o speech_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v to_o suppose_v that_o by_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v the_o common_a people_n or_o vulgar_a whereas_o when_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la be_v use_v together_o in_o our_o ancient_a writer_n of_o those_o time_n it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n or_o laity_n and_o not_o the_o common_a people_n for_o then_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a man_n will_v have_v be_v quite_o leave_v out_o of_o this_o council_n as_o certain_o they_o 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of_o they_o he_o please_v to_o his_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n till_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la think_v it_o a_o wrong_n to_o they_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o king_n john_n charter_n that_o all_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v summon_v by_o one_o general_n write_v of_o summons_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n but_o i_o exclude_v from_o this_o council_n all_o tenant_n by_o petit_n serjeanty_n who_o tho_o it_o be_v true_a hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o be_v it_o not_o by_o knight_n service_n so_o likewise_o i_o exclude_v all_o city_n and_o town_n though_o the_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n of_o divers_a of_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o tenement_n by_o that_o tenure_n since_o be_v neither_o noble_a by_o blood_n nor_o have_v estate_n sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o port_n of_o a_o gentleman_n or_o knight_n they_o have_v no_o right_a to_o appear_v there_o in_o person_n among_o the_o other_o tenant_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o one_o or_o more_o knight_n fe_n yet_o do_v i_o not_o affirm_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o after_o some_o sort_n represent_v in_o parliament_n by_o their_o superior_a lord_n deim_fw-ge though_o not_o as_o commoner_n since_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o baron_n do_v then_o make_v law_n and_o give_v tax_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n also_o though_o of_o never_o so_o great_a estate_n and_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freehold_a of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o tenant_n by_o it_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freeholder_n f._n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o the_o falsity_n of_o this_o notion_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n pray_v tell_v i_o when_o a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v call_v who_o represent_v those_o person_n who_o you_o say_v do_v not_o appear_v there_o and_o make_v general_a law_n and_o grant_v general_n tax_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n for_o i_o see_v you_o shut_v out_o the_o great_a part_n even_o of_o these_o your_o true_a freeholder_n from_o this_o assembly_n m._n as_o for_o the_o tenant_n in_o petit_n serjeanty_n i_o at_o present_a conceive_v though_o i_o be_o not_o sure_a of_o it_o that_o many_o of_o they_o may_v hold_v land_n and_o perhaps_o divers_a knight_n fee_n by_o grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knight_n service_n also_o since_o those_o estate_n which_o be_v give_v by_o the_o conqueror_n to_o his_o servant_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o by_o such_o and_o such_o petit_fw-fr service_n may_v in_o process_n of_o time_n fall_v by_o purchase_n or_o descent_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o have_v sufficient_a estate_n to_o maintain_v that_o dignity_n and_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n they_o may_v for_o aught_o as_o i_o know_v before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la have_v be_v tax_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o knight_n fee_n or_o part_n of_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o then_o hold_v and_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o sum_v impose_v in_o parliament_n either_o by_o way_n of_o aid_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n or_o else_o by_o way_n of_o subsidy_n by_o so_o much_o a_o yard_n or_o plough_v land_n throughout_o all_o england_n which_o have_v be_v the_o only_a way_n of_o tax_v ever_o since_o that_o of_o knight_n fee_n have_v be_v disuse_v f._n then_o i_o find_v after_o all_o you_o have_v say_v that_o scarce_o half_a your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o vote_n in_o prrliament_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n and_o so_o have_v law_n make_v for_o they_o and_o be_v tax_v at_o the_o king_n will_n be_v as_o
errant_a slave_n and_o vassal_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o mean_a person_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v tax_v as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o superior_a lord_n which_o whether_o so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n will_v ever_o have_v suffer_v i_o leave_v to_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v m._n i_o grant_v this_o may_v now_o appear_v somewhat_o hard_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v not_o then_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o grievance_n and_o it_o be_v then_o no_o more_o unjust_a than_o it_o be_v now_o that_o person_n under_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n though_o of_o never_o so_o good_a estate_n in_o money_n or_o stock_n or_o that_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o for_o the_o life_n of_o another_o shall_v at_o this_o day_n have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o consequent_o be_v without_o any_o representative_n in_o parliament_n of_o their_o own_o choice_n and_o yet_o be_v subject_a to_o all_o law_n and_o tax_n though_o never_o so_o great_a when_o make_v and_o impose_v by_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n and_o i_o be_o able_a to_o give_v you_o divers_a good_a authority_n to_o prove_v that_o even_o london_n itself_o and_o all_o other_o city_n and_o town_n which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v call_v his_o demesne_n be_v often_o tax_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n out_o of_o parliament_n before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la and_o i_o think_v dr._n b._n have_v prove_v this_o beyond_o exception_n in_o his_o animadversion_n upon_o mr._n a_n jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la facies_fw-la noâ—e_fw-la and_o he_o there_o give_v we_o the_o record_n itself_o of_o 39_o hen._n iii_o now_o in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n that_o the_o king_n do_v that_o year_n as_o he_o have_v divers_a time_n before_o talliate_v or_o tax_v all_o his_o demesne_n land_n in_o england_n and_o then_o likewise_o demand_v of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n the_o sum_n of_o 3000_o mark_n in_o name_n of_o the_o talliage_n or_o tax_n so_o lay_v and_o the_o mayor_n and_o citizen_n at_o last_o yield_v after_o a_o great_a contest_v it_o appear_v upon_o search_n of_o the_o roll_n in_o the_o ezchequer_n that_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n have_v be_v several_a time_n before_o so_o tax_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n john_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o so_o they_o pay_v at_o last_o the_o sum_n which_o the_o king_n demand_v by_o which_o you_o see_v that_o the_o great_a and_o rich_a city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n be_v tax_v at_o the_o king_n will_n nay_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o prove_v be_v it_o now_o necessary_a that_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v often_o tax_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n only_o before_o the_o grant_n of_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la above_o mention_v but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n from_o which_o you_o force_v i_o to_o digress_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o our_o ancient_a parliament_n be_v only_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o which_o as_o in_o the_o lesser_a court_n baroa_n or_o court_n of_o manor_n the_o suitor_n or_o tenant_n be_v together_o with_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n the_o sole_a judge_n so_o that_o at_o first_o after_o the_o conquest_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n alone_o as_o the_o supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o appoint_v or_o call_v which_o or_o what_o sort_n of_o those_o tenant_n be_v please_v to_o attend_v he_o with_o their_o aid_n and_o advice_n at_o his_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a as_o i_o shall_v prove_v more_o at_o large_a from_o our_o ancient_a history_n record_n and_o statute_n then_o that_o before_o the_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o and_o some_o year_n also_o after_o that_o time_n none_o but_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o great_a baron_n and_o some_o of_o the_o less_o call_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o constitute_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o parliament_n under_o â—he_n title_n of_o baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la or_o communitas_fw-la or_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o for_o this_o i_o can_v give_v you_o so_o good_a authority_n that_o nothing_o but_o more_o cogent_n and_o evident_a proof_n can_v bring_v i_o from_o this_o opinion_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o do_v not_o value_v those_o loose_a and_o inconsiderate_a expression_n of_o historian_n either_o before_o or_o after_o that_o time_n f._n i_o see_v the_o testimony_n of_o historian_n be_v of_o no_o credit_n if_o they_o make_v against_o your_o hypothesis_n but_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o your_o mistake_v about_o the_o king_n tax_v anon_o but_o the_o main_a force_n of_o your_o argument_n lie_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o those_o latin_a word_n you_o have_v last_o mention_v and_o which_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o i_o think_v you_o take_v in_o too_o strict_a a_o sense_n 108._o for_o first_o as_o to_o the_o word_n baro_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o much_o in_o use_n before_o william_n i._o obtain_v the_o english_a diadem_n baro_n say_v camden_n britanni_n pro_fw-la svo_fw-la non_fw-la agnoscum_fw-la in_o anglosaxonicis_a legibus_fw-la nusquam_fw-la comparet_fw-la 121._o nec_fw-la in_o aâ—frici_fw-la glossario_fw-la saxonico_n inter_fw-la dignitatum_fw-la vocabula_fw-la habetur_fw-la for_o the_o english_a saxon_n call_v those_o in_o their_o own_o language_n aealderman_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v name_v comites_fw-la and_o by_o the_o dane_n earl_n but_o it_o be_v of_o so_o extensive_a a_o import_n in_o its_o signification_n that_o we_o read_v of_o aldermani_fw-la regis_fw-la aldermani_fw-la comitatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o alderman_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a sense_n of_o this_o word_n we_o have_v whole_a regiment_n of_o earl_n who_o title_n seldom_o if_o at_o all_o descend_v hereditary_a till_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o after_o william_n i._o the_o saxon_a word_n aealderman_n and_o thegnes_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v change_v and_o in_o the_o room_n of_o aldermanni_n &_o thani_n we_o find_v comites_fw-la &_o barones_n as_o in_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o history_n nor_o be_v the_o word_n barones_n only_o take_v in_o those_o day_n for_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o for_o the_o inferior_a baron_n or_o free_a tenant_n which_o hold_v great_a estate_n of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o king_n by_o certain_a service_n and_o to_o who_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o earl_n as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n title_n baro_n often_o direct_v their_o charter_n 70._o barombus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la tam_fw-la francis_n quam_fw-la anglis_fw-la and_o we_o there_o also_o read_v some_o quotation_n from_o the_o old_a book_n of_o ramsey_n abby_n wherein_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ramsey_n as_o also_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la thereof_o be_v particular_o mention_v all_o which_o as_o this_o learned_a author_n tell_v we_o non_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la sunt_fw-la intelligenda_fw-la sid_n de_fw-fr vassallis_n feodalibus_fw-la note_n scil_n melioris_fw-la and_o the_o same_o author_n say_v a_o little_a low_o that_o baron_n be_v often_o take_v pro_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o soccagio_fw-it quam_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la m._n what_o then_o do_v you_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o freeholder_n in_o england_n by_o whatsoever_o tenure_n they_o hold_v appear_v in_o person_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o time_n sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n and_o dr._n b._n assign_v for_o the_o summon_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n at_o this_o rate_n every_o yeoman_n or_o petty_a freeholder_n be_v a_o baron_n so_o that_o this_o assembly_n may_v then_o consist_v of_o above_o 50_o or_o 60_o thousand_o person_n since_o spot_n in_o his_o chronicle_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o service_n of_o about_o 60000_o knight_n fee_n which_o by_o the_o time_n i_o suppose_v may_v have_v be_v divide_v into_o many_o more_o lesser_a one_o 19_o by_o co-heirship_a or_o by_o sale_n and_o otherwise_o parcel_v out_o by_o the_o king_n licence_n into_o half-knighs-fee_n three_o part_n of_o fee_n four_o part_n of_o fee_n eight_o part_n sixteen_o twenty_o thirty_o and_o forty_o part_n of_o fee_n and_o so_o have_v be_v increase_v into_o as_o many_o more_o and_o these_o beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o
in_o these_o two_o quotation_n since_o in_o that_o out_o of_o camden_n you_o can_v deny_v but_o he_o have_v true_o quote_v that_o author_n as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o first_o edition_n and_o if_o he_o afterwares_o alter_v it_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v question_v whether_o he_o do_v not_o add_v the_o word_n superiores_fw-la rather_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o displease_v the_o great_a nobility_n who_o that_o quotation_n have_v before_o shockt_v than_o out_o of_o any_o sense_n of_o his_o be_v in_o the_o wrong_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o out_o of_o a_o nameless_a manuscript_n author_n that_o henry_n iii_o out_o of_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n of_o baron_n which_o be_v seditious_a and_o turbulent_a call_v the_o best_a and_o chief_a of_o they_o only_o by_o writ_n to_o parliament_n by_o which_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o he_o suppose_v all_o those_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o no_o lord_n as_o now_o understand_v who_o be_v thus_o exclude_v to_o have_v be_v only_o nominal_a and_o not_o real_a baron_n and_o if_o so_o commoners_z or_o else_o he_o must_v extend_v the_o peerage_n of_o england_n to_o at_o least_o three_o or_o four_o thousand_o person_n for_o so_o many_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v very_o well_o be_v at_o that_o time_n the_o same_o i_o may_v likewise_o say_v as_o to_o the_o quotation_n out_o of_o mr._n selden_n for_o by_o the_o word_n quibus_fw-la peculiaris_fw-la in_o ordinum_fw-la comitiis_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la it_o be_v plain_a he_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v but_o mere_a commoner_n yet_o he_o no_o where_o affirm_v that_o none_o but_o these_o appear_v in_o parliament_n for_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n for_o he_o very_o well_o know_v the_o unreasonableness_n of_o that_o supposition_n since_o beside_o these_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 8._o bracton_n in_o his_o first_o book_n tell_v 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these_o vavassores_fw-la and_o milites_fw-la who_o do_v not_o all_o hold_n of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v man_n of_o so_o great_a dignity_n and_o power_n as_o these_o who_o he_o here_o reckon_v immediate_o after_o the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n shall_v have_v no_o vote_n in_o parliament_n neither_o by_o themselves_o nor_o their_o representative_n be_v altogether_o improbable_a and_o agreeable_a to_o this_o of_o bracton_n du_n fresne_n in_o his_o lexicon_n tit._n vavasor_n tell_v we_o 1262._o that_o vavassorum_fw-la duo_fw-la erant_fw-la ordines_fw-la sub_fw-la majorum_fw-la apellatione_fw-la implectuntur_fw-la qui_fw-la barones_n apellantur_fw-la sub_fw-la â—norum_fw-la vero_fw-la quos_fw-la vulgò_fw-la vavassores_fw-la dicunt_fw-la ut_fw-la leges_fw-la henrici_fw-la i._n reg._n ang._n thaine_n minores_fw-la respectu_fw-la thainorum_fw-la majorum_fw-la qui_fw-la baronibus_fw-la aequiparantur_fw-la but_o that_o these_o lesser_a thanes_z or_o vavassor_n be_v also_o style_v barones_n sir_n h._n spelman_n tell_v we_o express_o in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n baro_n 70._o etiam_fw-la barones_n comitum_fw-la procer_fw-la umque_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la barones_n subalterni_fw-la &_o baronum_n barones_n sâ—pissime_fw-la leguntur_fw-la and_o of_o this_o he_o give_v we_o many_o example_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o chief_a tenant_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o ramsey_n above_o mention_v so_o likewise_o the_o same_o author_n a_o leaf_n or_o two_o far_a speak_v of_o the_o barones_n of_o london_n mention_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o understand_v they_o pro_fw-la civibus_fw-la praestantioribus_fw-la qui_fw-la socnas_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la i._n e._n curias_n habuerunt_fw-la &_o privilegia_fw-la eorum_fw-la instar_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la barones_n comitatus_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la etc._n etc._n nor_o do_v this_o title_n of_o barones_n extend_v to_o london_n alone_o but_o he_o also_o immediate_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o place_n sic_fw-la barones_n de_fw-la ebaraco_n de_fw-fr cestria_n de_fw-la warwico_fw-la de_fw-mi so_o feversham_n &_o plurium_fw-la villaram_fw-la regiis_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la insignium_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it tum_fw-la in_fw-it gallia_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o baron_n of_o county_n be_v no_o more_o than_o lord_n of_o manor_n i_o have_v just_a now_o prove_v for_o socna_n mean_v no_o more_o than_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr or_o court_n of_o a_o manor_n so_o that_o here_o arise_v a_o plain_a distinction_n between_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la the_o king_n be_v great_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o these_o lesser_a baron_n we_o now_o be_v here_o speak_v of_o call_v medmesse_n thegnes_fw-la and_o burgh_n thegnes_fw-la by_o the_o saxon_n till_o they_o 〈◊〉_d on_o the_o word_n parliamentum_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o though_o no_o peer_n yet_o be_v barones_n regni_fw-la baron_n or_o nobleman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o general_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n nobiles_fw-la in_o that_o age_n and_o be_v such_o make_v up_o the_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n call_v by_o matt._n paris_n and_o other_o author_n baronagium_n or_o communitas_fw-la baronagit_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la m._n i_o see_v you_o do_v all_o you_o can_v from_o the_o equivocal_a use_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n to_o crowd_n in_o new_a and_o unknown_a man_n into_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n viz._n your_o baron_n of_o county_n city_n and_o town_n who_o since_o you_o dare_v not_o affirm_v there_o be_v then_o any_o knight_n of_o shire_n you_o suppose_v to_o have_v serve_v instead_o of_o they_o and_o these_o you_o will_v have_v to_o be_v not_o barones_n regis_fw-la but_o regni_n or_o terrae_fw-la 161._o forsooth_o i._n e._n of_o the_o land_n or_o kingdom_n whereas_o we_o never_o have_v any_o true_a barones_n hold_v by_o mean_a tenor_n here_o in_o england_n this_o if_o you_o deny_v you_o must_v deny_v all_o history_n and_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o law-book_n too_o and_o if_o you_o grant_v it_o you_o must_v confess_v that_o every_o baron_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o your_o own_o concession_n he_o must_v then_o be_v the_o king_n baron_n or_o baro_n regis_fw-la i_o grant_v indeed_o there_o be_v nominal_a or_o titular_a baron_n such_o as_o you_o mention_v many_o in_o those_o time_n such_o as_o be_v tenant_n to_o great_a lord_n bishop_n or_o abbot_n of_o who_o we_o find_v frequent_a mention_n in_o our_o ancient_a history_n record_n and_o charter_n but_o these_o be_v not_o the_o man_n who_o have_v ever_o any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o ever_o they_o appear_v there_o before_o the_o time_n i_o assign_v and_o i_o will_v also_o have_v you_o inform_v yourself_o of_o the_o gentleman_n of_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o notion_n if_o they_o can_v prove_v that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o kind_n of_o tenure_n as_o tenura_n de_fw-fr terra_fw-la or_o de_fw-fr regno_fw-la or_o whether_o there_o be_v ever_o any_o man_n that_o hold_v a_o estate_n de_fw-fr regno_fw-la whether_o forfeiture_n or_o escheat_n be_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o whether_o fealty_n be_v swear_v or_o homage_n do_v to_o the_o kingdom_n or_o whether_o a_o earl_n be_v invest_v or_o gird_v with_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o county_n by_o the_o kingdom_n or_o whether_o the_o ancient_a ceremony_n use_v at_o the_o creation_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v do_v by_o the_o kingdom_n thus_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o thus_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v perform_v and_o do_v to_o our_o ancient_a king_n and_o by_o they_o which_o be_v most_o manifest_a note_n of_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a jurisdiction_n over_o the_o baron_n and_o that_o they_o be_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o consequence_n his_o baron_n only_o which_o you_o can_v deny_v and_o of_o which_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n always_o create_v by_o investiture_n of_o robe_n or_o other_o ceremony_n be_v summon_v by_o particular_a write_n
which_o by_o the_o way_n be_v here_o call_v noble_a though_o mere_a commoner_n and_o to_o obviate_v your_o objection_n that_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la after_o barones_n may_v refer_v to_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n that_o can_v not_o be_v for_o they_o at_o the_o same_o time_n have_v already_o write_v letter_n apart_o to_o the_o pope_n concern_v this_o matter_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o same_o author_n immediate_o before_o and_o therefore_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o by_o these_o word_n clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la universus_fw-la must_v be_v mean_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o commons_o appear_v by_o their_o representative_n in_o this_o parliament_n and_o that_o so_o become_v generalissimum_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la as_o this_o historian_n call_v it_o m._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v now_o to_o reply_v in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o the_o instance_n you_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o matt._n westm_n to_o prove_v that_o under_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la and_o barones_n &_o baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la be_v comprehend_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n and_o that_o after_o the_o time_n i_o allow_v they_o to_o have_v be_v there_o will_v not_o do_v your_o business_n and_o as_o to_o the_o instance_n about_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o order_n of_o the_o lord_n only_o the_o word_n be_v in_o latin_a de_fw-fr assensu_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la as_o to_o the_o three_o instance_n out_o of_o knighton_n he_o say_v indeed_o that_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n meet_v at_o the_o parliament_n at_o stamford_n and_o that_o may_v very_o well_o be_v since_o they_o alone_o then_o insist_v upon_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o forest_n but_o as_o for_o the_o argument_n you_o draw_v from_o the_o direction_n of_o this_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n the_o learned_a dr._n in_o his_o treatise_n against_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o a_o very_a good_a answer_n to_o it_o 106._o to_o this_o effect_n that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o after_o the_o barones_n &_o proceres_fw-la there_o be_v divers_a other_o party_n mention_v yet_o be_v this_o troop_n of_o word_n put_v together_o in_o this_o letter_n to_o no_o other_o purpose_n than_o to_o make_v a_o impression_n upon_o the_o pope_n and_o make_v he_o sensible_a what_o a_o general_a dislike_n the_o nation_n have_v of_o his_o exaction_n and_o encroachment_n and_o to_o induce_v he_o to_o a_o compliance_n with_o their_o desire_n the_o multitude_n or_o commons_o not_o be_v any-way_n party_n or_o privy_a to_o the_o write_n of_o the_o letter_n for_o the_o clamour_n of_o the_o people_n be_v a_o great_a argument_n use_v in_o all_o these_o letter_n to_o affect_v the_o pope_n how_o ungrateful_a his_o imposition_n be_v to_o the_o nation_n but_o in_o this_o of_o the_o temporal_a baron_n more_o especial_o who_o address_v themselves_o to_o the_o pope_n by_o petition_n enforce_v it_o by_o the_o clamour_n of_o the_o people_n against_o those_o injury_n and_o oppression_n upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o repeat_v all_o that_o follow_v only_o observe_v this_o clause_n alioquin_fw-la necesse_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la veniant_fw-la scandala_fw-la clamoro_fw-la populi_fw-la tam_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la quam_fw-la nos_fw-la intolerabiliter_fw-la impellente_fw-la and_o the_o king_n likewise_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o cardinal_n aggravate_v the_o matter_n by_o the_o like_a argument_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o clause_n in_o his_o letter_n to_o they_o verum_fw-la clamorem_fw-la incomperabilem_fw-la magnatum_fw-la angliae_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n non_fw-la possumus_fw-la obaudire_fw-la from_o this_o general_a clamour_n of_o the_o people_n and_o not_o from_o their_o be_v party_n it_o be_v that_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o letter_n from_o the_o baronage_n or_o the_o university_n of_o england_n be_v stuff_v with_o so_o many_o word_n and_o phrase_n to_o awaken_v his_o holiness_n and_o invite_v he_o to_o redress_v their_o grievance_n f._n in_o return_n to_o what_o you_o have_v say_v i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o i_o be_o not_o convince_v that_o in_o the_o parliament_n mention_v by_o mat._n westm_n that_o the_o demand_v for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n be_v make_v by_o the_o lord_n only_o since_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o the_o commons_o who_o be_v there_o style_v divites_fw-la plebis_fw-la and_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v grieve_v by_o their_o infringement_n shall_v not_o have_v be_v party_n to_o the_o complaint_n for_o their_o redress_n especial_o since_o we_o find_v that_o in_o all_o succeed_a parliament_n the_o commons_o be_v mention_v as_o most_o eager_a for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o these_o charter_n but_o as_o for_o the_o most_o material_a part_n of_o your_o answer_n to_o my_o authority_n from_o the_o parliament_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n i_o know_v the_o dr._n endeavour_v all_o he_o can_v to_o avoid_v the_o force_n of_o this_o objection_n by_o make_v the_o parliament_n top_n upon_o his_o holiness_n mere_a empty_a word_n instead_o of_o matter_n that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o dr.'s_n own_o phrase_n they_o only_o lay_v a_o airy_a ambuscade_n to_o entrap_v he_o but_o whether_o the_o old_a gentleman_n be_v thus_o like_a to_o be_v catch_v i_o give_v you_o leave_v to_o judge_v for_o certain_o both_o he_o and_o his_o consistory_n of_o cardinal_n know_v as_o well_o as_o the_o parliament_n itself_o what_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n thereof_o and_o they_o can_v quick_o have_v answer_v they_o that_o they_o put_v a_o mere_a shame_n upon_o his_o holiness_n in_o mention_v the_o noble_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o sea_n port_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n both_o clergy_n and_o laity_n in_o their_o letter_n whereas_o they_o have_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o do_v with_o the_o matter_n nor_o have_v show_v any_o dislike_n of_o his_o holiness_n proceed_n for_o if_o they_o have_v no_o representative_n in_o parliament_n how_o can_v it_o be_v know_v whether_o they_o be_v aggrieve_v or_o not_o or_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o the_o pope_n have_v no_o nuncio_n or_o friend_n among_o the_o clergy_n to_o give_v he_o a_o account_n of_o the_o cheat_n they_o there_o put_v upon_o he_o and_o they_o may_v as_o well_o have_v talk_v of_o the_o clamour_n of_o the_o tinner_n in_o cornwall_n as_o of_o those_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o sea_n port_n if_o it_o be_v only_o put_v in_o to_o augment_v the_o clamour_n or_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o number_n of_o the_o complainants_n if_o the_o people_n i_o mean_v both_o nobility_n and_o commons_o have_v not_o be_v party_n of_o these_o letter_n but_o you_o yourself_o have_v but_o now_o recite_v a_o clause_n in_o the_o king_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o cardinal_n which_o make_v it_o plain_a it_o be_v so_o when_o he_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o can_v not_o stop_v his_o ear_n against_o the_o clamour_n of_o the_o magnate_v tam_fw-la clerâ—_n quam_fw-la populi_n i._n e._n as_o well_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o of_o the_o laity_n as_o the_o dr._n render_v it_o so_o that_o these_o word_n clamorem_fw-la magnatum_fw-la must_v signify_v here_o the_o clamour_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n in_o parliament_n or_o else_o they_o signify_v nothing_o at_o all_o and_o i_o may_v as_o well_o say_v that_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la never_o appear_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o that_o these_o be_v also_o mere_a empty_a word_n to_o frighten_v the_o pope_n but_o what_o say_v you_o to_o the_o next_o precedent_n mr._n p._n produce_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o together_o have_v write_v letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 115._o when_o he_o attempt_v to_o invade_v the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o kingdom_n viz._n the_o letter_n from_o the_o parliament_n at_o lincoln_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o 29_o of_o king_n edw._n i._n 1301._o wherein_o they_o assert_v the_o king_n superiority_n over_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n and_o desire_v that_o his_o holiness_n will_v desist_v from_o meddle_v far_o with_o it_o which_o letter_n though_o subscribe_v by_o above_o a_o hundred_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o that_o age_n yet_o it_o be_v say_v express_o in_o the_o conclusion_n in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la testimonium_fw-la sigilla_fw-la tam_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la quam_fw-la pro_fw-la tota_fw-la communitate_fw-la praedicti_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la suâ—t_z opâ—pensa_fw-la m._n though_o this_o authority_n be_v after_o the_o time_n we_o acknowledge_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o i_o need_v not_o speak_v particular_o to_o it_o yet_o though_o i_o grant_v your_o argument_n have_v some_o weight_n in_o it_o since_o it_o here_o seem_v that_o the_o lord_n do_v sign_n this_o letter_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o themselves_o i_o shall_v endeavour_n to_o
refer_v but_o to_o this_o very_a letter_n which_o be_v assent_v as_o well_o per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o by_o your_o baron_n here_o call_v nobiles_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o this_o application_n thereof_o be_v give_v by_o mr_n pryn_n himself_o when_o he_o make_v use_v of_o these_o record_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v far_o that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o for_o all_o this_o author_n opinion_n to_o the_o contrary_a 119._o may_v join_v in_o a_o letter_n ro_o the_o pope_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o that_o which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o 17_o the_o of_o edw._n iii_o about_o the_o provision_n of_o benefice_n which_o then_o grow_v so_o exorbitant_a that_o walsingham_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n quod_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la regni_fw-la pati_fw-la noluit_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o phrase_n the_o letter_n itself_o will_v best_o explain_v 161._o the_o beginning_n and_o conclusion_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o english_a as_o you_o may_v find_v it_o in_o mr._n fox_n book_n of_o martyr_n to_o the_o most_o holy_a father_n in_o god_n lord_n clement_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n of_o the_o holy_a church_n of_o rome_n 501._o and_o of_o the_o universal_a church_n chief_a and_o high-bishop_n his_o humble_a and_o devout_a child_n the_o prince_n duke_n earls_z baron_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o all_o the_o communality_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n assemble_v at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n the_o 15_o the_o day_n of_o may_n last_o pass_v etc._n etc._n in_o witness_v whereof_o we_o have_v hereunto_o set_v our_o 〈◊〉_d give_v in_o the_o full_a parliament_n at_o westminst_n on_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o may_n anno_fw-la drâ—_n 1343._o and_o it_o still_o appear_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n viz._n 17_o edw._n iii_o n._n 59_o that_o the_o commons_o petition_v the_o king_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v stay_v at_o the_o parliament_n till_o they_o have_v perfect_v and_o seal_v this_o letter_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o letter_n then_o write_v by_o the_o parliament_n 3._o appear_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n still_o among_o the_o tower_n record_n in_o which_o he_o imitate_v his_o grandfather_n edw._n i._n and_o great_a grandfather_n hen._n iii_o who_o also_o seâ—_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n on_o such_o like_a occasion_n but_o in_o those_o to_o excuse_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n from_o be_v the_o author_n of_o those_o complain_v he_o have_v this_o passage_n that_o since_o it_o be_v the_o judgement_n tam_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o nobilium_fw-la quaâ—_n communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o ultimo_fw-la parliamento_fw-la contra_fw-la provisorum_fw-la exercitum_fw-la to_o conclude_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o under_o the_o universitas_fw-la regâ—â—_n in_o the_o first_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 29_o hen._n iii_o and_o under_o the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o 29_o edw._n i._o be_v mean_v the_o same_o estate_n or_o order_n of_o man_n as_o be_v more_o particular_o recite_v in_o this_o present_a letter_n viz._n the_o 〈◊〉_d lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n assemble_v m._n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v with_o the_o sense_n you_o now_o put_v â—pon_o these_o word_n universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la before_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n for_o you_o yourself_o must_v grant_v that_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la take_v in_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o same_o whole_a body_n or_o community_n thereof_o therefore_o if_o i_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o in_o those_o time_n this_o universâ—â—y_n or_o community_n consist_v only_o of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la ought_v never_o to_o be_v interpret_v by_o the_o english_a word_n commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n till_o after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o allow_v the_o commons_o be_v admit_v to_o make_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n nor_o always_o then_o neither_o and_o mr._n p._n in_o his_o book_n which_o we_o have_v so_o often_o cite_v have_v do_v very_o unfair_o to_o make_v the_o universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o comprehend_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o they_o everappear_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o and_o so_o have_v he_o likewise_o abuse_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v to_o signify_v the_o commons_o when_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o more_o thereby_o mean_v than_o the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o laity_n which_o at_o that_o time_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o the_o earl_n baron_n or_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 28._o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o by_o communitas_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la or_o baronum_n be_v often_o understand_v the_o body_n of_o the_o prelate_n or_o great_a baron_n only_o call_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la yet_o most_o frequent_o these_o with_o all_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v make_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n and_o be_v altogether_o call_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n the_o community_n of_o the_o land_n or_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o this_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o undeniable_a proof_n by_o and_o by_o f._n i_o be_o very_a well_o aware_a that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la often_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n yet_o not_o exclude_v the_o commons_o as_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v for_o then_o the_o word_n must_v signify_v quite_o contrary_a to_o its_o genuine_a signification_n instead_o of_o people_n the_o great_a nobility_n only_o yet_o that_o when_o it_o be_v put_v after_o as_o distinct_a from_o magnate_n it_o must_v mean_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la do_v not_o always_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o nobility_n only_o 55._o but_o take_v in_o oftentimes_o the_o commons_o too_o pray_v see_v matt._n west_n who_o tell_v we_o king_n edw._n i._o in_o the_o 34th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la melitia_fw-la silii_fw-la regis_fw-la concessus_fw-la est_fw-la regi_fw-la zomus_fw-la denarius_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la mercatores_fw-la vero_fw-la vicesâ—mum_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la upon_o which_o your_o dr._n in_o his_o glossary_a very_a well_o remark_n that_o it_o be_v evident_a upon_o record_n who_o be_v the_o populus_fw-la mean_v by_o the_o historian_n viz._n the_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la so_o that_o unless_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v lord_n it_o be_v plain_a populus_fw-la take_v in_o the_o commonâ—_n too_o but_o universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la call_v in_o french_a le_fw-fr communâ—_n dangletterre_fw-fr be_v often_o take_v for_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n and_o this_o sir_n edward_n coke_n own_v express_o in_o his_o 2d_o instit._n upon_o these_o word_n in_o articulis_fw-la supâ—â—_n chartas_n 539._o thus_o here_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v take_v for_o people_n so_o astout_a le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v here_o take_v for_o all_o the_o people_n and_o this_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n for_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n but_o general_o to_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o realm_n viz._n to_o those_o of_o thâ—_n clergy_n and_o to_o those_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o to_o the_o commons_o also_o and_o this_o be_v a_o rational_a as_o well_o as_o grammatical_a interpretation_n for_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n universus_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o whole_a 〈◊〉_d universal_a so_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n 〈◊〉_d common_a or_o general_n so_o that_o these_o two_o word_n when_o use_v simple_o in_o a_o political_a 〈◊〉_d legal_a sense_n aught_o to_o take_v in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o all_o sort_n and_o condition_n of_o freemen_n appear_v themselves_o or_o their_o lawful_a proxy_n or_o representative_n in_o parliament_n but_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o under_o those_o general_n word_n use_v in_o our_o historian_n and_o record_n viz._n principes_fw-la proceres_fw-la nobiles_fw-la magnates_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v then_o comprehend_v either_o all_o the_o considerable_a freeholder_n oâ—_n lord_n of_o manner_n or_o else_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n so_o
to_o the_o judgement_n of_o every_o indifferent_a person_n these_o than_o be_v the_o man_n the_o only_a legal_a man_n that_o name_v and_o choose_v jury_n and_o serve_v on_o jury_n themselves_o both_o in_o the_o country_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o dispatch_v all_o country_n business_n under_o the_o great_a officer_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o next_o law_n with_o a_o little_a explication_n ut_fw-la jura_n regius_fw-la illaesa_fw-la seruare_fw-la pro_fw-la viribus_fw-la câ—entur_fw-la subditi_fw-la statuimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la praedicti_fw-la sint_fw-la fratres_n conjurati_fw-la ad_fw-la monarchiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la pro_fw-la viribus_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o facultatibus_fw-la contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la defendendum_fw-la &_o viriliter_fw-la servaâ—um_fw-la pacem_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la coronae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la integram_fw-la observandam_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la judicium_fw-la recâ—um_fw-la &_o justitiam_fw-la constant_a omnibus_fw-la modis_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la faâ—endam_fw-la now_o the_o judgement_n they_o be_v to_o give_v and_o the_o justice_n they_o be_v to_o do_v by_o this_o law_n beside_o that_o in_o their_o own_o court_n and_o jurisdiction_n be_v principal_o as_o they_o be_v juror_n or_o recognitor_n upon_o assize_n etc._n etc._n though_o some_o of_o the_o great_a of_o their_o milites_fw-la be_v often_o sheriff_n hundredary_n and_o other_o under_o judge_n and_o ministerial_a officer_n of_o justice_n in_o their_o several_a county_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o glanâ—ille_n every_o where_o but_o especial_o lib._n 2._o c._n 10_o 11._o lib._n 9_o c._n 7._o c._n 17._o &_o lib._n 13._o throughout_o this_o of_o be_v suitor_n to_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n etc._n etc._n be_v a_o service_n incident_a to_o their_o tenor_n and_o before_o they_o many_o time_n ancient_o in_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o not_o private_o in_o a_o chamber_n be_v execute_v deed_n grant_n and_o donation_n of_o land_n contain_v in_o very_o small_a piece_n of_o parchment_n witness_v by_o thomas_n of_o such_o a_o town_n john_n of_o another_o richard_n of_o a_o three_o etc._n etc._n which_o be_v knight_n and_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o military_a service_n in_o those_o town_n of_o considerable_a estate_n and_o not_o the_o low_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o this_o execution_n of_o sales_n and_o assurance_n in_o open_a court_n be_v as_o public_a and_o notorious_a and_o as_o secure_v as_o if_o at_o that_o time_n there_o have_v be_v a_o public_a register_n for_o they_o f._n before_o i_o answer_v your_o conclusion_n from_o king_n vvilliam_n law_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v neither_o with_o the_o account_v you_o give_v how_o the_o commonâ—_n of_o england_n can_v come_v in_o to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n without_o any_o noise_n or_o notice_n take_v of_o it_o either_o by_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o historian_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o improbable_a but_o also_o quite_o contrary_a to_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o history_n itself_o as_o i_o shall_v i_o hope_v make_v good_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o subject_a nor_o be_v your_o argument_n of_o any_o weight_n since_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o william_n the_o conqueror_n so_o subject_v the_o land_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n to_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n that_o therefore_o this_o be_v do_v by_o his_o sole_a power_n without_o any_o law_n for_o it_o make_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o i_o observe_v in_o the_o first_o law_n of_o king_n william_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v that_o the_o very_a service_n which_o you_o say_v be_v reserve_v upon_o the_o land_n he_o have_v bestow_v be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o appoint_v or_o settle_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o therefore_o certain_o the_o service_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n must_v be_v so_o likewise_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v confess_v myself_o to_o be_v of_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n who_o presume_v there_o be_v a_o law_n for_o it_o though_o now_o lose_v and_o can_v believe_v that_o this_o king_n how_o powerful_a soever_o shall_v attempt_v to_o introduce_v so_o great_a a_o yoke_n upon_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o so_o many_o of_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n of_o england_n without_o their_o consent_n express_o give_v to_o a_o law_n and_o make_v in_o the_o great_a council_n concern_v it_o though_o that_o law_n as_o many_o other_o of_o this_o king_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v find_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a design_n of_o your_o present_a discourse_n which_o be_v to_o show_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v in_o the_o first_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n proper_o the_o only_a true_a freeman_n or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o first_o the_o notion_n be_v quite_o new_a and_o never_o hear_v of_o till_o the_o dr._n from_o who_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o first_o broach_v it_o neither_o mr._n lambard_n mr._n somneâ—_n nor_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n nor_o any_o of_o our_o english_a antiquary_n or_o lawyer_n ever_o discover_v any_o such_o thing_n before_o your_o dr._n arise_v to_o disperse_v these_o cloud_n every_o man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v no_o villain_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o freeman_n and_o every_o owner_n of_o land_n of_o inheritance_n though_o of_o never_o so_o small_a a_o proportion_n reckon_v a_o freeholder_n and_o his_o estate_n call_v his_o franc_n tenement_n or_o freehold_n as_o well_o in_o our_o ancient_n as_o modern_a law_n and_o that_o freehold_n be_v not_o restrain_v only_o to_o military_a service_n within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o conquest_n appear_v by_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o which_o it_o be_v express_o recite_v that_o nullus_fw-la distriâ—â—tur_fw-la ad_fw-la faciendum_fw-la majus_fw-la servitium_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la militis_fw-la nec_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la libero_fw-la tenemento_fw-it quâ—â—_n inde_fw-la debetur_fw-la and_o that_o socage_n tenant_n though_o by_o villain_n service_n be_v as_o much_o freeman_n as_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la see_v spelman_n glossary_a tit._n socman_n where_o he_o say_v thus_o socmannus_fw-la in_o natura_fw-la brevinan_n brevi_fw-la de_fw-fr recto_n propriè_fw-la talis_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-fr liâ—e_z est_fw-la &_o tenet_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la seu_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la domino_fw-la in_o antiquo_fw-la dominico_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la seu_fw-la tenementâ—_n in_o villenagio_n libro_fw-la sancti_fw-la albani_n tit._n honcton_n chap_n i._o rege_fw-la angliae_fw-la manerium_fw-la de_fw-la hâ—â—cton_n tenuerunt_fw-la in_o dominico_fw-la omnes_fw-la tenentes_fw-la liberi_fw-la scil_n &_o custumarii_fw-la per_fw-la sokam_fw-la defendebant_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la etc._n etc._n ex_fw-la quo_fw-la patet_fw-la sokmans_fw-mi liberos_fw-la 〈◊〉_d significare_fw-la but_o since_o you_o seem_v to_o make_v a_o distinction_n between_o freeman_n and_o freeholder_n proper_o or_o improper_o so_o call_v since_o king_n vvilliam_n law_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v do_v not_o warrant_v any_o such_o distinction_n i_o must_v beg_v your_o excuse_n if_o i_o be_o not_o of_o your_o opinion_n for_o the_o first_o law_n you_o have_v quote_v warrant_v no_o such_o thing_n it_o only_o say_v that_o all_o freeman_n in_o general_a shall_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o fealty_n to_o the_o king_n to_o maintain_v he_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n against_o 〈◊〉_d enemy_n and_o stranger_n now_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o this_o law_n extend_v to_o all_o freeman_n who_o be_v by_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n recite_v in_o the_o addition_n to_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n to_o take_v the_o very_a same_o oath_n in_o the_o folkmote_a as_o they_o be_v after_o your_o conquest_n to_o do_v according_a to_o this_o law_n either_o in_o the_o county_n court_v or_o sheriff_n turn_v nor_o will_v the_o next_o law_n do_v the_o business_n any_o more_o than_o this_o for_o the_o word_n be_v that_o all_o freeman_n of_o our_o say_a kingdom_n may_v have_v and_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n free_a from_o all_o â—njust_a taillage_n exaction_n etc._n etc._n which_o word_n possession_n extend_v not_o only_o to_o land_n of_o inheritance_n much_o less_o to_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n but_o also_o to_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o all_o other_o chattel_n or_o possession_n as_o well_o real_a as_o personal_a nor_o do_v the_o word_n servitium_n liberum_fw-la extend_v only_o to_o those_o service_n which_o be_v reserve_v upon_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o to_o those_o common_a service_n call_v trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la which_o i_o have_v former_o mention_v â—iz_o the_o building_n and_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n and_o expedition_n against_o foreign_a enemy_n
destrain_v for_o the_o escuage_z so_o assess_v by_o parliament_n or_o in_o some_o case_n they_o may_v have_v the_o king_n be_v write_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o same_o county_n etc._n etc._n to_o lâ—vy_a such_o escuage_n for_o they_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o register_n but_o if_o either_o king_n john_n or_o king_n hen._n iii_o grant_v writ_n to_o levy_v escuage_z upon_o the_o under-tenant_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o their_o own_o consent_n in_o parliament_n this_o aught_o to_o be_v no_o more_o cite_v as_o a_o precedent_n than_o any_o other_o illegal_a act_n commit_v by_o those_o king_n since_o as_o our_o record_n and_o history_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v such_o illegal_a proceed_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o baron_n war_n and_o it_o be_v express_o against_o the_o word_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n which_o you_o have_v now_o quote_v viz._n nullum_fw-la seâ—â—agium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la pâ—nam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la so_o that_o notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v yet_o say_v it_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o i_o how_o scutage_n when_o give_v as_o a_o tax_n upon_o knight_n â—ees_v alone_o and_o to_o be_v levy_v not_o only_o from_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_z but_o their_o under-tenant_n as_o also_o from_o the_o tenant_n of_o they_o who_o though_o they_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la yet_o hold_v not_o by_o knight_n service_n such_o as_o be_v the_o tenant_n in_o peâ—â—y_a serjeanty_n and_o those_o who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a as_o of_o several_a honour_n and_o not_o of_o hiâ—_n crown_n as_o in_o capite_fw-la can_v ever_o charge_v such_o tenant_n without_o their_o consent_n give_v either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o lawful_a representative_n much_o less_o can_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la tax_n or_o charge_v such_o as_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la themselves_z viz._n those_o abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o hold_v land_n in_o right_a of_o their_o monastery_n in_o franc_n almâ—igne_n and_o who_o together_o with_o their_o tenant_n make_v at_o least_o two_o three_o part_n of_o all_o the_o abby-land_n in_o england_n as_o also_o tax_v those_o who_o not_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n at_o all_o but_o by_o tenure_n in_o socage_n or_o fee_n farm_n do_v not_o hold_v their_o land_n as_o knight_n fee_n and_o therefore_o can_v never_o be_v tax_v by_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o so_o many_o knight_n fee_n or_o part_n thereof_o and_o braecton_n who_o live_v at_o this_o very_a time_n have_v distinguish_v to_o no_o purpose_n between_o those_o common_a service_n which_o all_o tenant_n owe_v their_o lord_n and_o the_o general_a tax_n or_o charge_n impose_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n 37._o the_o word_n be_v very_o remarkable_a pray_v read_v they_o sunt_fw-la quaedam_fw-la commune_v praestationes_fw-la quae_fw-la seruâ—cis_fw-la non_fw-la diâ—uâ—iâ—â—_n nec_fw-la de_fw-la consuâ—tudine_fw-la venâ—um_fw-la nisi_fw-la cum_fw-la necessitaâ—_n intervenerit_fw-la vel_fw-la cum_fw-la parliament_n rex_fw-la venorit_fw-la sicut_fw-la sunt_fw-la hidagia_fw-la corraagâ—â—_n carvagia_n &_o alia_fw-la plura_fw-la de_fw-la necessitate_v &_o ex_fw-la consensu_fw-la communi_fw-la torius_fw-la regni_fw-la introducta_fw-la &_o quae_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la feâ—di_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a and_o therefore_o i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v ever_o have_v power_n to_o lay_v a_o general_a tax_n upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n not_o the_o ten_o part_n of_o which_o do_v then_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o there_o be_v we_o our_o ancient_a historian_n tell_v we_o a_o distinct_a court_n which_o be_v hold_v ancient_o three_o time_n every_o year_n viz._n at_o easter_n whitsuntide_n and_o christmas_n and_o then_o the_o king_n be_v attend_v by_o all_o the_o bishop_n great_a lord_n 131._o and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o this_o be_v call_v curis_n or_o concilium_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o if_o any_o difference_n of_o right_n do_v arise_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o tenant_n or_o between_o tenant_n and_o tenant_n here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v hear_v and_o determine_v and_o many_o other_o thing_n be_v there_o uâ—ted_v and_o do_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o king_n baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o but_o under_o favour_n this_o be_v not_o the_o commune_fw-la consillum_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o for_o the_o king_n hold_v this_o court_n ex_fw-la more_n or_o by_o custom_n without_o any_o summons_n as_o simon_n of_o durham_n and_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o divers_a other_o writer_n of_o the_o life_n of_o our_o first_o norman_a king_n do_v show_v we_o but_o when_o they_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la 680._o their_o expression_n after_o and_o then_o they_o say_v that_o rex_fw-la ascivi_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o ordericus_n vitalis_n exit_fw-la praecepro_fw-la regn_n convenerunt_fw-la or_o as_o eâ—â—merus_n rex_fw-la sanctione_n sua_fw-la adunavit_fw-la and_o mat._n westminster_n of_o late_a time_n take_v notice_n of_o this_o union_n or_o meet_v of_o this_o câ—ria_n or_o assembly_n of_o tenant_n in_o capit_fw-la together_o with_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o his_o history_n of_o hen._n iii_o where_o relate_v how_o the_o king_n again_o confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n in_o a_o parliament_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1252._o be_v the_o 37_o the_o of_o his_o reign_n he_o have_v these_o word_n in_o quindene_a paschae_n adunato_fw-la magno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o this_o unite_n of_o the_o great_a or_o whole_a parliament_n must_v be_v understand_v the_o conjunction_n of_o both_o council_n together_o and_o therefore_o when_o this_o council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o thus_o meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-mi take_v upon_o they_o assess_v escuage_z and_o transact_v other_o matter_n of_o consequence_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o often_o fail_v to_o appear_v at_o these_o court_n or_o assembly_n hold_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it it_o be_v then_o and_o not_o before_o express_o provide_v by_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n that_o escuage_z shall_v not_o be_v assess_v for_o the_o future_a without_o summons_n or_o notice_n give_v of_o it_o to_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o have_v right_a to_o be_v there_o m._n i_o see_v you_o will_v fain_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v a_o council_n or_o assembly_n of_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la distinct_a from_o the_o parliament_n and_o which_o meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it and_o that_o these_o be_v the_o person_n who_o be_v by_o this_o charter_n to_o assemble_v for_o the_o assess_n of_o escuage_z which_o be_v a_o mere_a precarious_a hypothesis_n nor_o can_v you_o or_o those_o from_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o notion_n make_v it_o out_o from_o any_o good_a authority_n for_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la be_v the_o same_o person_n and_o that_o usual_o the_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o what_o quality_n soever_o do_v repair_v to_o the_o king_n court_n at_o christmas_n easter_n 113._o and_o whitsunday_n do_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n from_o the_o testimony_n of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n but_o to_o prove_v by_o example_n out_o of_o the_o author_n you_o yourself_o have_v make_v use_n of_o that_o the_o bishop_n great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o alone_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 20._o pray_v read_v eadmerus_n speak_v thus_o celebratum_fw-la est_fw-la concilium_fw-la in_o ecclesiâ_fw-la beati_fw-la peiri_n in_fw-la occidentali_fw-la parâ—e_fw-la juxta_fw-la lâ—nâ—inum_fw-la sita_fw-la communi_fw-la consensâ—â—_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o buiâ—_n conventui_fw-la assuerunt_fw-la primate_fw-la regni_fw-la utriuâ—que_fw-la ondinis_fw-la and_o at_o this_o meeting_n be_v present_a the_o prime_a man_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o both_o order_n in_o this_o council_n the_o bishop_n and_o baron_n be_v call_v the_o principal_a or_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o these_o be_v all_o the_o king_n baron_n they_o all_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la and_o so_o do_v all_o the_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o meeting_n under_o this_o king_n hen._n â—_o when_o archbishop_n anselm_n be_v to_o give_v his_o answer_n to_o the_o king_n according_a â—o_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o of_o anselm_n 69._o that_o in_o pascha_fw-la ad_fw-la curiam_fw-la venit_fw-la communis_fw-la concilii_fw-la vocem_fw-la unam_fw-la
be_v know_v who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o come_v to_o this_o council_n if_o these_o word_n have_v not_o be_v insert_v so_o that_o this_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o make_v a_o plain_a distinction_n between_o these_o liberos_fw-la homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o when_o eadmerus_n and_o other_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n afterward_o call_v the_o parliament_n than_o their_o expression_n be_v more_o general_a and_o comprehensive_a for_o proof_n of_o which_o copy_n pray_v consult_v the_o old_a english_a saxon_a annal_n continue_v down_o to_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n i._n wherein_o anno._n dom._n 1085._o be_v the_o last_o year_n of_o william_n i._o there_o be_v a_o remarkable_a passage_n which_o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o in_o english_a at_o christmas_n the_o king_n viz._n william_n i._o be_v at_o gloucester_n with_o his_o noble_n and_o there_o hold_v his_o curia_n or_o court_n in_o saxon_a his_o hire_a five_o day_n and_o immediate_o after_o it_o follow_v thus_o after_o this_o he_o hold_v a_o great_a council_n in_o saxon_n mycel_n getheat_n where_o he_o have_v many_o great_a discourse_n with_o the_o noble_n etc._n etc._n now_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o this_o court_n here_o call_v his_o hire_v can_v not_o be_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v it_o meet_v again_o so_o quick_o if_o it_o have_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o why_o be_v they_o here_o call_v by_o different_a title_n the_o one_o his_o hire_a or_o court_n and_o the_o other_o the_o mycel_n gatheaâ—_n 451._o the_o great_a council_n which_o be_v also_o call_v common_a concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o sir_n henry_n spellmans_fw-mi council_n in_o this_o very_a year_n and_o to_o show_v you_o more_o plain_o the_o difference_n between_o this_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o the_o lesser_a council_n of_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la pray_v see_v eadmerus_n who_o relate_v what_o be_v do_v in_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o easter_n 58._o immediate_o before_o the_o invasion_n of_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n in_o the_o 2d_o year_n of_o henry_n i._o say_v there_o meet_v tota_fw-la angliae_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la cum_fw-la populi_n numerositate_fw-la and_o then_o archbishop_n anselm_n engage_v for_o the_o king_n that_o he_o shall_v govern_v the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o just_a law_n thereof_o where_o you_o see_v that_o beside_o the_o noble_a man_n and_o gentleman_n here_o call_v regni_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o commons_o here_o term_v in_o the_o barbarous_a latin_a of_o that_o age_n populi_n numerositas_fw-la but_o when_o the_o king_n hold_v his_o curia_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o the_o expression_n be_v more_o particular_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o many_o charter_n of_o our_o first_o norman_n king_n to_o several_a abbey_n of_o their_o own_o foundation_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v consilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la baronum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la tam_fw-la presulum_fw-la quam_fw-la laicorum_fw-la as_o you_o will_v for_o example_n find_v it_o in_o the_o charter_n of_o hen._n i._n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o abington_n as_o it_o be_v exemplify_v in_o the_o ancient_a manuscript_n register_n of_o that_o abbey_n now_o in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n in_o which_o book_n you_o will_v find_v more_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n which_o plain_o make_v out_o this_o difference_n between_o this_o less_o council_n of_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o further_a proof_n of_o this_o pay_v see_v the_o instrument_n of_o king_n john_n resignation_n of_o his_o crown_n to_o the_o pope_n as_o you_o will_v find_v it_o at_o the_o end_n of_o dr._n b_n complete_a history_n which_o be_v recite_v to_o have_v be_v do_v communi_fw-la concilio_n baronum_fw-la noâ—troâ—um_fw-la that_o be_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v all_o there_o present_a in_o arm_n against_o the_o land_n of_o the_o french_a king_n then_o expect_v and_o yet_o this_o be_v never_o look_v upon_o to_o have_v be_v do_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la ragni_fw-la since_o this_o resignation_n be_v declare_v void_a by_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o commons_o in_o full_a parliament_n in_o the_o 40th_o of_o edward_n iii_o because_o do_v saâ—z_n lour_v assent_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o that_o year_n but_o when_o ever_o the_o whole_a great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v summon_v to_o assemble_v than_o this_o lesser_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la must_v needs_o meet_v also_o as_o be_v a_o 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be_v the_o 18_o of_o hen._n 1._o relate_v the_o king_n marriage_n with_o the_o lady_n adeliza_n daughter_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o louvain_n to_o have_v be_v celebrate_v at_o windsor_n adunato_fw-la concilio_n totius_fw-la regni_fw-la i._n e._n in_o the_o unite_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n m._n i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v with_o your_o proof_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v you_o that_o this_o distinction_n of_o your_o friend_n mr._n p._n and_o mr._n a._n his_o second_o between_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o council_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la will_v prove_v but_o a_o mere_a chymra_n of_o those_o gentleman_n from_o who_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o for_o there_o be_v indeed_o but_o one_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n viz._n that_o of_o the_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o first_o authority_n 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of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v here_o call_v collective_o or_o altogether_o and_o not_o one_o part_n of_o it_o only_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o for_o the_o word_n which_o make_v up_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o council_n we_o have_v sufficient_o debate_v they_o and_o therefore_o i_o need_v say_v nothing_o more_o concern_v they_o but_o though_o the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o more_o authority_n to_o prove_v this_o 125._o yet_o i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o but_o one_o more_o from_o badmerus_fw-la it_o be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n i._o thus_o in_o subsequenti_fw-la nativitate_fw-la dom._n christi_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la ad_fw-la curiam_fw-la regis_fw-la lundoniae_n pro_fw-la more_fw-it convenit_fw-la &_o magna_fw-la solemnitate_fw-la habita_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o instance_n be_v full_a in_o all_o point_n here_o be_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n that_o be_v the_o whole_a baronage_n or_o university_n of_o england_n for_o bracton_n tell_v we_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n consist_v of_o earldom_n and_o barony_n who_o meet_v according_a to_o custom_n at_o the_o king_n court_n and_o hence_o
you_o by_o undoubted_a testimony_n but_o since_o you_o be_v now_o upon_o the_o prove_a part_n pray_v show_v i_o that_o these_o word_n i_o now_o mention_v do_v ever_o signify_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v before_o the_o time_n we_o insist_v on_o and_o i_o have_v the_o more_o reason_n to_o desire_v this_o from_o you_o because_o it_o be_v chief_o from_o the_o mistake_a application_n of_o these_o word_n that_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n have_v impose_v their_o false_a notion_n upon_o the_o world_n f._n i_o shall_v undertake_v what_o you_o desire_v and_o i_o hope_v if_o i_o can_v satisfy_v you_o the_o fault_n will_v not_o lie_v in_o my_o authority_n but_o you_o prejudices_fw-la against_o they_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o let_v i_o mind_n you_o how_o far_o you_o and_o i_o agree_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n when_o i_o grant_v you_o that_o these_o word_n now_o in_o dispute_n be_v very_o equivocal_a and_o be_v often_o 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time_n i_o think_v you_o have_v reason_n to_o be_v satisfy_v that_o these_o be_v never_o once_o upon_o a_o time_n such_o a_o strange_a alteration_n in_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o great_a council_n as_o you_o suppose_v yet_o none_o of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n or_o statute_n shall_v ever_o take_v any_o notice_n of_o it_o till_o these_o modern_a antiquary_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o disperse_v these_o cloud_n to_o begin_v first_o with_o the_o word_n le_fw-fr commune_fw-la 16._o pray_v remember_v the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 48th_o of_o henry_n iii_o which_o i_o mention_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n viz._n the_o â—orâ—_n of_o the_o peaâ—e_n between_o this_o king_n p._n the_o prince_n his_o son_n and_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n the_o title_n of_o which_o be_v thus_o haec_fw-la est_fw-la forma_fw-la pacis_fw-la à _fw-la dom._n râ—ge_n &_o dom._n edw._n filio_fw-la svo_fw-la praelatis_fw-la proceribus_fw-la omnibus_fw-la cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la â—ota_fw-la râ—gni_fw-la angliae_fw-la communiter_fw-la &_o concorditer_fw-la approbata_fw-la now_o pray_v what_o can_v these_o word_n communitate_fw-la â—ota_fw-la here_o signify_v but_o another_o body_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n or_o else_o it_o will_v be_v a_o gross_a tautology_n and_o pray_v compare_v this_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n now_o mention_v with_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o the_o 49th_o of_o this_o king_n when_o your_o dr._n grant_v the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v now_o and_o see_v if_o there_o be_v any_o change_n in_o the_o term_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o we_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o very_a writ_n of_o expense_n for_o the_o wage_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n which_o the_o dr._n himself_o have_v give_v we_o at_o large_a in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n â—_o it_o be_v the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o yorkshire_n dâ—rsâ—_n wherein_o after_o other_o recital_n it_o follow_v thus_o cumque_fw-la communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la dictorum_fw-la variâ—s_fw-la hoc_fw-la annâ—_n â—â—cerinâ—_fw-la prastationes_fw-la ad_fw-la defensi_fw-la nâ—m_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o therefore_o command_v the_o say_a sheriff_n quod_fw-la danbus_fw-la militibus_fw-la qui_fw-la pro_fw-la communitate_fw-la dicti_fw-la comitaâ—â—s_fw-la praefaâ—o_fw-la parliamento_fw-la interfuerunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v pay_v their_o reasonable_a expense_n de_fw-fr communitate_fw-la comitatus_fw-la praedicti_fw-la for_o go_v to_o and_o stay_v at_o and_o return_v from_o the_o say_a parliament_n etc._n etc._n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la and_o communitates_fw-la in_o this_o writ_n can_v signify_v the_o community_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o but_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n in_o general_a unless_o you_o can_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v perform_v these_o varias_fw-la praesâ—aâ—iones_fw-la in_o the_o writ_n and_o that_o none_o but_o they_o then_o contribute_v to_o these_o expense_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n otherwise_o these_o word_n must_v plain_o signify_v the_o commons_o in_o general_a as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o like_a writ_n of_o the_o 28_o of_o king_n edward_n i._n which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o i_o shall_v first_o show_v you_o a_o few_o other_o record_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n 16._o concern_v the_o word_n la_fw-fr câ—mmunâ—_n which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o they_o be_v in_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 51st_o of_o this_o king_n wherein_o he_o by_o the_o council_n and_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n &_o des_fw-fr counâ—s_n &_o des_fw-fr baron_n &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr pardon_n the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o all_o his_o company_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o roll_n the_o king_n by_o the_o council_n and_o assent_v of_o the_o say_a count_n &_o baron_n &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr pardon_n the_o city_n of_o london_n all_o manner_n of_o rancour_n and_o ill_a will._n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o a_o reason_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o word_n la_fw-fr commune_fw-la in_o these_o act_n of_o pardon_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o in_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n of_o the_o 49th_o now_o cite_v since_o they_o come_v immediate_o after_o the_o count_n &_o baron_n and_o so_o must_v needs_o signify_v a_o body_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o they_o for_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n why_o the_o word_n la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr shall_v here_o signify_v the_o commâ—ns_n of_o the_o land_n as_o that_o the_o word_n communitates_fw-la comitatus_fw-la shall_v signify_v the_o community_n or_o commons_o of_o the_o whole_a county_n m._n will_v you_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o question_n present_o because_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v very_o material_a before_o you_o proceed_v far_o there_o may_v in_o my_o opinion_n very_o good_a reason_n be_v give_v 1._o why_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la may_v signify_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o act_n of_o pardon_n and_o yet_o signify_v the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n in_o general_n in_o the_o writ_n for_o expense_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v as_o first_o because_o the_o subject_a matter_n be_v different_a in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o act_n of_o pardon_n from_o that_o in_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n the_o one_o be_v the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o the_o other_o communitas_fw-la comitatus_fw-la only_o call_v also_o in_o the_o plural_a number_n communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la and_o then_o i_o grant_v when_o thus_o use_v it_o always_o signify_v the_o commons_o in_o general_a and_o there_o may_v
to_o the_o like_a exaction_n of_o his_o son_n hâ—n_o the_o three_o which_o be_v brand_v by_o all_o writer_n as_o horrible_a and_o illegal_a oppression_n nay_o be_v own_a to_o be_v so_o by_o this_o king_n frequent_a confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o breach_n of_o they_o and_o promise_v to_o observe_v they_o better_o for_o the_o future_a but_o i_o be_o sorry_a to_o find_v your_o doctor_n who_o you_o follow_v both_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n and_o mr._n a._n as_o also_o in_o his_o complete_a history_n still_o to_o cite_v the_o most_o violent_a and_o illegal_a action_n nay_o the_o very_a perjury_n for_o â—lowers_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o royal_a prerogative_n but_o as_o for_o the_o authority_n you_o urge_v for_o this_o king_n talliate_v his_o demesne_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n you_o yourself_o grant_v that_o this_o talliage_n be_v not_o general_a upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o can_v only_o concern_v his_o own_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesn_a and_o none_o else_o who_o be_v always_o exempt_v from_o be_v tax_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n because_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o yield_v the_o king_n a_o reasonable_a talliage_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la whensoever_o he_o need_v it_o yet_o this_o be_v count_v rather_o a_o privilege_n than_o otherwise_o since_o they_o be_v not_o only_o free_a from_o all_o other_o burden_n and_o parliamentary_a attendance_n but_o be_v also_o tax_v much_o less_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o tilling_n the_o king_n land_n but_o when_o this_o reasonable_a prerogative_n grow_v to_o be_v abuse_v and_o the_o exaction_n levy_v upon_o they_o become_v intolerable_a than_o they_o will_v no_o long_o suffer_v it_o but_o get_v it_o take_v away_o by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la after_o which_o we_o find_v the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n frequent_o give_v their_o share_n of_o aide_n and_o subsidy_n in_o parliament_n by_o delegate_n of_o their_o own_o as_o in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 35_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v till_o at_o last_o they_o come_v to_o be_v resolve_v into_o the_o common_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o aâ—_n for_o the_o city_n of_o london_n it_o be_v never_o take_v for_o part_n of_o the_o king_n demean_n and_o so_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o doom_n day_n book_n but_o as_o appear_v by_o record_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o can_v be_v no_o otherwise_o tax_v then_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o make_v the_o londoner_n deny_v to_o be_v otherwise_o talliate_v as_o appear_v by_o this_o record_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v but_o the_o truth_n be_v they_o have_v this_o exaction_n first_o lay_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o exorbitant_a reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o this_o be_v afterward_o trump_v again_o upon_o they_o in_o all_o the_o ill_a part_n of_o his_o son_n government_n because_o his_o father_n have_v do_v it_o before_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o shipmoney_n have_v pass_v unquestioned_a and_o be_v as_o often_o pay_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n charles_n the_o first_o but_o that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v urge_v as_o a_o precedent_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o second_o but_o as_o for_o your_o last_o authority_n of_o the_o 33_o d._n of_o edward_n the_o first_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o it_o be_v before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la and_o extend_v only_o to_o such_o estate_n in_o ancient_a demesn_a as_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n either_o by_o gift_n or_o purchase_v and_o which_o for_o all_o that_o still_o keep_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o be_v talliate_v by_o the_o king_n as_o their_z under_z tenant_n be_v by_o they_o to_o enable_v the_o lord_n to_o pay_v the_o king_n talliage_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o understand_v these_o word_n in_o this_o record_n unde_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o tenantia_fw-la i._n e._n of_o which_o they_o be_v in_o tenancy_n to_o the_o king_n nor_o do_v the_o record_n call_v they_o dominica_n sua_fw-la as_o it_o do_v the_o king_n demesn_n that_o follow_v so_o that_o this_o can_v not_o be_v a_o tax_n upon_o all_o under_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o you_o suppose_v sinâ—e_v their_o estate_n be_v never_o call_v antiqua_fw-la dominica_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v after_o all_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o legal_a precedent_n that_o our_o king_n claim_v a_o right_n under_o colour_n of_o their_o prerogative_n of_o tax_v the_o whole_a nation_n de_fw-fr alto_n &_o â—â—sso_fw-la at_o their_o pleasure_n m._n i_o shall_v not_o now_o dispute_v it_o long_o with_o you_o whether_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v not_o ancient_o a_o power_n of_o tax_v the_o land_n hold_v of_o they_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n but_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o aver_v that_o when_o this_o great_a charter_n be_v make_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v tax_n and_o make_v law_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n and_o the_o whole_a nation_n also_o nor_o be_v this_o at_o all_o unreasonable_a that_o those_o who_o thus_o hold_v estate_n by_o mesne_n tenure_n under_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o those_o of_o who_o they_o hold_v they_o 171._o since_o we_o see_v in_o scotland_n that_o at_o this_o day_n none_o sit_v there_o either_o as_o commissioner_n of_o shire_n or_o burgess_n for_o the_o royal_a burough_n but_o such_o as_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n for_o ancient_o before_o the_o law_n for_o excuse_v the_o small_a baron_n and_o free_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o send_v commissioner_n of_o shire_n in_o their_o stead_n be_v introduce_v by_o a_o statuâ—e_n make_v in_o the_o seven_o parliament_n of_o k._n jam._n 1._o a._n dom._n 1420_o it_o consist_v all_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la viz._n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n &_o libere_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la râ—ge_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o the_o very_a word_n in_o the_o latin_a title_n to_o divers_a of_o those_o statute_n as_o you_o may_v find_v they_o in_o slenes_n collection_n of_o scotch_a law_n now_o if_o this_o law_n do_v ancient_o and_o do_v still_o prevail_v in_o scotland_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v the_o sole_a representative_n of_o that_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o it_o may_v not_o have_v be_v so_o ancient_o in_o englâ—nd_n also_o especial_o since_o i_o can_v give_v you_o so_o good_a reason_n to_o back_o this_o opinion_n m._n i_o will_v answer_v your_o argument_n from_o scotland_n by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o why_o i_o think_v it_o can_v never_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n in_o england_n and_o that_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n and_o 2_o lie_v because_o it_o be_v against_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n be_v apparent_a since_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o that_o if_o a_o man_n in_o those_o time_n purchase_v a_o estate_n for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n of_o a_o lord_n or_o any_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o certain_o thousand_o do_v to_o be_v hold_v either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o in_o socage_n that_o such_o a_o tenant_n shall_v lie_v at_o the_o mercy_n of_o his_o lord_n to_o dispose_v of_o his_o estate_n in_o tax_n and_o make_v law_n for_o he_o at_o his_o pleasure_n however_o exorbitant_a those_o tax_n be_v or_o inconvenient_a those_o law_n may_v prove_v the_o lord_n be_v no_o representative_a of_o his_o own_o choice_n or_o appointment_n in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o this_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n i_o can_v prove_v by_o two_o very_a sufficient_a authority_n the_o one_o of_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n the_o other_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o both_o this_o earl_n and_o bishop_n helâ—_n their_o county_n palatine_n in_o capite_fw-la immediate_o of_o the_o king_n nor_o have_v those_o county_n any_o representatives_n in_o parliament_n till_o long_o after_o that_o they_o have_v knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n grant_v they_o by_o particular_a statute_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n now_o according_a to_o your_o hypothesis_n all_o the_o freeholder_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o county-palatines_a shall_v have_v be_v bind_v by_o all_o act_n
of_o parliament_n and_o tax_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v law_n make_v and_o tax_n give_v when_o their_o bishop_n or_o earl_n be_v present_a which_o be_v not_o so_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o county_n of_o chester_n if_o the_o earl_n have_v be_v the_o representative_a in_o parliament_n of_o his_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o otherwise_o as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o abbey_n and_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n itself_o and_o all_o other_o great_a town_n in_o that_o county_n his_o vote_n in_o parliament_n will_v have_v oblige_v all_o of_o they_o and_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o whole_a county_n in_o which_o they_o then_o make_v law_n and_o tax_v themselves_o as_o a_o separate_a body_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o may_v appear_v from_o these_o follow_a record_n which_o mr._n a._n have_v give_v we_o the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v a_o writ_n of_o k._n edw._n i._n 6._o direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioriâ—us_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la â—liis_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o comitat._n câ—striae_fw-la recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o prelate_n count_n baron_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la have_v give_v he_o a_o 15_o the_o of_o their_o movable_n he_o desire_v that_o they_o also_o will_v of_o their_o benevolence_n and_o courtesy_n in_o latin_a curialitate_fw-la grant_v he_o the_o like_a subsidy_n which_o note_n can_v not_o be_v do_v out_o of_o a_o common_a council_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o writ_n of_o the_o 20_o the_o of_o this_o king_n recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la b._n &_o communitas_fw-la cestriae_fw-la sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la 15_o mam_n partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la gratiose_fw-la now_o suppose_v as_o the_o doctor_n always_o do_v that_o these_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la what_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o signify_v but_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o they_o viz._n the_o communality_n or_o commons_o of_o that_o county_n and_o which_o be_v also_o remarkable_a this_o county_n be_v now_o fall_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o want_v of_o heir_n male_a of_o the_o last_o earl_n and_o so_o according_a to_o the_o doctor_n notion_n the_o king_n be_v their_o sole_a representative_a need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v behold_v to_o they_o for_o these_o subsidy_n since_o though_o not_o as_o king_n yet_o as_o earl_n of_o chester_n he_o may_v have_v tax_v they_o himself_o which_o yet_o he_o think_v not_o fit_a to_o do_v because_o he_o know_v it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o that_o county_n which_o have_v ever_o since_o the_o grant_n of_o it_o to_o hugh_n lupus_n by_o will._n i._n always_o be_v tax_v by_o themselves_o which_o privilege_n be_v also_o express_o set_v forth_o in_o a_o supplication_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o this_o county_n palatine_n to_o k._n henry_n the_o six_o which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o from_o a_o ancient_a copy_n of_o it_o then_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o sir_n thomas_n manwaring_n of_o that_o county_n 46._o baronet_n wherein_o the_o abbot_n prior_n and_o clergy_n baron_n knight_n esquire_n and_o commonalty_n set_v forth_o that_o they_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o earl_n do_v make_v and_o admit_v law_n within_o the_o same_o etc._n etc._n and_o that_o no_o inheritor_n or_o possessor_n within_o the_o say_a county_n be_v chargeable_a or_o liable_a or_o be_v bind_v charge_v or_o hurt_v of_o their_o body_n liberty_n franchise_n land_n good_n or_o possession_n unless_o the_o say_a county_n have_v agree_v unto_o it_o now_o what_o can_v here_o be_v mean_v by_o county_n but_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n thereof_o since_o otherwise_o they_o can_v make_v no_o law_n nor_o do_v any_o other_o public_a act_n the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o durham_n which_o from_o the_o grant_v thereof_o by_o william_n rufus_n to_o the_o then_o bishop_n have_v always_o be_v tax_v by_o themselves_o 9_o and_o not_o by_o the_o bishop_n in_o parliament_n and_o that_o as_o low_o as_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n 3._o as_o appear_v by_o this_o record_n of_o the_o 14_o the_o of_o that_o king_n contain_v a_o letter_n or_o commission_n to_o r._n bishop_n of_o durham_n recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commons_o of_o county_n have_v give_v he_o a_o 9th_o of_o their_o good_n there_o mention_v that_o therefore_o the_o bishop_n shall_v convene_v the_o magnate_v &_o communitatem_fw-la libertatis_fw-la vestrae_fw-la to_o wit_n of_o his_o county_n palatine_n ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la with_o all_o convenient_a speed_n and_o that_o do_v to_o persuade_v and_o excite_v the_o say_a magnate_n &_o communitas_fw-la to_o grant_v the_o king_n the_o like_a or_o a_o large_a subsidy_n or_o aid_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o war_n which_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a if_o the_o bishop_n or_o the_o king_n can_v in_o those_o day_n have_v tax_v this_o county_n at_o their_o pleasure_n now_o if_o these_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o tax_n their_o mesne_n tenant_n without_o their_o consent_n much_o less_o can_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o england_n impose_v tax_n on_o their_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n or_o in_o socage_n without_o their_o consent_n which_o last_o have_v a_o much_o less_o dependence_n upon_o they_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o consider_v these_o precedent_n of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n and_o durham_n and_o therefore_o can_v say_v nothing_o to_o they_o at_o present_a since_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n but_o as_o to_o reason_n and_o law_n i_o think_v it_o be_v consonant_a to_o both_o 171._o that_o not_o only_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n but_o socage_n tenure_n shall_v be_v find_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o superior_a lord_n of_o who_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v former_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o though_o in_o process_n of_o time_n many_o of_o these_o estate_n and_o land_n become_v free_a tenement_n or_o be_v hold_v in_o socage_n that_o be_v be_v free_a holder_n yet_o the_o lord_n retain_v homage_n which_o in_o the_o time_n we_o now_o write_v of_o be_v no_o idle_a insignificant_a word_n and_o by_o that_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o estate_n whereby_o upon_o disobedience_n treachery_n or_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n etc._n etc._n the_o land_n be_v forfeit_v to_o they_o and_o although_o the_o land_n nor_o the_o tenant_n of_o they_o which_o be_v term_v freeholders_n be_v subject_a to_o any_o base_a service_n or_o servile_a work_n yet_o the_o lord_n have_v a_o great_a power_n over_o these_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o do_v homage_n to_o they_o which_o though_o now_o antiquate_v yet_o eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la their_o land_n be_v many_o way_n liable_a to_o forfeiture_n and_o tax_n too_o so_o that_o upon_o all_o these_o account_n it_o be_v then_o as_o reasonable_a that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v in_o those_o day_n make_v law_n and_o grant_v tax_n for_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o scotland_n shall_v do_v so_o to_o this_o very_a day_n for_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o kingdom_n of_o never_o so_o great_a estate_n and_o to_o this_o argument_n which_o be_v certain_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v yet_o answer_v nothing_o nor_o do_v i_o believe_v can_v f._n i_o can_v see_v notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v that_o the_o superior_a lord_n by_o reason_n of_o homage_n shall_v have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o their_o tenant_n estate_n for_o though_o in_o the_o profession_n of_o homage_n to_o the_o lord_n i_o grant_v the_o tenant_n thereby_o promise_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n man_n yet_o he_o never_o thereby_o mean_v to_o become_v his_o slave_n and_o there_o be_v mutual_a duty_n on_o both_o side_n so_o that_o if_o the_o lord_n fail_v to_o protect_v his_o tenant_n in_o his_o estate_n or_o unjust_o oppress_v he_o he_o may_v have_v refuse_v nay_o renounce_v his_o homage_n till_o the_o lord_n have_v do_v he_o right_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v how_o a_o bare_a right_n of_o have_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o the_o case_n you_o have_v put_v which_o yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o be_v never_o so_o strict_a in_o respect_n of_o socage_n as_o military_a tenure_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o be_v it_o worth_a while_n for_o if_o this_o right_n of_o forfeiture_n alone_o can_v give_v the_o superior_a lord_n a_o power_n over_o his_o tenant_n estate_n to_o make_v law_n for_o
he_o and_o tax_v he_o as_o he_o please_v then_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n the_o king_n as_o supreme_a lord_n over_o all_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v have_v have_v the_o like_a power_n over_o they_o of_o make_v what_o law_n for_o they_o and_o impose_v what_o tax_n he_o please_v upon_o they_o without_o their_o consent_n and_o so_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n at_o all_o since_o upon_o your_o hypothesis_n the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o have_v any_o right_a to_o appear_v there_o but_o if_o neither_o the_o wardship_n marriage_n nor_o relief_n of_o the_o heir_n can_v give_v the_o king_n such_o a_o power_n over_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la much_o less_o can_v they_o attain_v the_o like_a right_n over_o all_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n for_o that_o will_v have_v give_v they_o a_o great_a power_n over_o their_o tenant_n then_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v over_o they_o therefore_o if_o those_o great_a tie_v of_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n of_o the_o heir_n can_v neither_o give_v the_o king_n nor_o yet_o any_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la power_n over_o the_o estate_n or_o liberty_n of_o his_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n much_o less_o over_o their_o tenant_n by_o socage_n tenure_n who_o be_v not_o under_o this_o subjection_n and_o far_o if_o a_o right_a of_o forfeiture_n alone_o in_o some_o case_n can_v have_v give_v the_o lord_n a_o power_n of_o make_v law_n and_o grant_v tax_n for_o his_o tenant_n in_o socage_n than_o they_o shall_v have_v keep_v that_o right_n by_o this_o rule_n since_o all_o lord_n have_v a_o right_a of_o forfeiture_n even_o upon_o their_o tenant_n in_o socage_n in_o some_o case_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o take_v away_o knight_n service_n and_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o as_o i_o can_v prove_v be_v it_o worth_a while_n as_o to_o scotland_n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v as_o you_o say_v that_o it_o have_v at_o this_o day_n no_o other_o representative_n in_o their_o parliament_n but_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o whether_o it_o be_v so_o or_o not_o ancient_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n since_o i_o find_v the_o very_a same_o word_n and_o phrase_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o title_n of_o their_o old_a statute_n as_o also_o in_o their_o record_n to_o express_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o that_o kingdom_n as_o be_v use_v in_o england_n to_o express_v those_o of_o england_n at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o proof_n of_o which_o dunferling_n pray_v see_v the_o old_a charter_n of_o king_n malcolm_n iii_o and_o david_n i._o as_o you_o may_v find_v they_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o 2d_o vol._n in_o mr._n dugdales_n monâ—st_n angliâ—_n and_o you_o will_v see_v the_o former_a to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n regni_n clero_fw-la adquie_n cent_n que_fw-fr populo_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o as_o i_o shall_v also_o show_v you_o from_o sir_n john_n skin_n collection_n of_o scotish_n law_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o most_o ancient_a there_o extant_a 7._o viz._n a_o assize_n or_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n sir_n named_z the_o lion_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno._n dom._n 1105._o in_o the_o five_o of_o our_o hen._n i._n to_o the_o observance_n whereof_o it_o be_v there_o express_v that_o the_o epiâ—copi_n abbates_n comites_fw-la barones_n thani_n &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la tenere_fw-la firmiter_fw-la juraverunt_fw-la so_o likewise_o king_n alexander_n ii_o who_o begin_v to_o reign_v anno._n 1214._o which_o be_v the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o our_o king_n john_n 2._o and_o he_o make_v his_o law_n de_fw-fr confilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la venerabilium_fw-la patrum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbâ—tum_fw-la baronum_fw-la ac_fw-la proborum_fw-la hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o who_o these_o be_v may_v also_o far_o appear_v by_o the_o begin_n of_o certain_a statute_n make_v by_o the_o say_a king_n alexander_n in_o the_o same_o year_n which_o begin_v thus_o statuit_fw-la rex_fw-la per_fw-la consilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la suae_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v next_o produce_v the_o title_n of_o a_o parliament_n hold_v the_o 13_o of_o rob._n i._n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno._n dom._n 1306._o the_o 3d._n of_o our_o edward_n i._o 29._o in_o dei_fw-la nomine_fw-la amen_o roberâ—us_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la svo_fw-la decimo_fw-la tertio_fw-la die_v dominica_n proxima_fw-la etc._n etc._n habito_fw-la solenni_fw-la tractatiâ—_n cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la de_fw-la communitate_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la ibidem_fw-la congregatis_fw-la and_o which_o title_n conclude_v thus_o de_fw-fr communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o exprâ—sso_fw-la conâ—ensu_fw-la omnium_fw-la prelatorum_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentium_fw-la predictorum_fw-la ac_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la predicte_n ordinavit_fw-la condidit_fw-la etc._n etc._n statuta_fw-la infra_fw-la scripta_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o likewise_o in_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n call_v scoto-chronicon_a former_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o right_n learned_a and_o honourable_a arthur_n earl_n of_o anglesey_n and_o now_o in_o the_o herald_n office_n you_o will_v find_v the_o entail_v of_o the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o this_o king_n robert_n anno._n dom._n 1315._o in_o a_o general_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n as_o well_o clergy_n as_o laity_n which_o as_o this_o author_n tell_v we_o who_o live_v within_o sixty_o year_n after_o be_v hold_v 24._o dominica_n proxima_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la apostolorum_fw-la congregati_fw-la apud_fw-la aere_fw-la in_o ecclesia_fw-la parochiali_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la laici_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la archidiaconi_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la diaceni_fw-la &_o caeteri_fw-la ecclesiarum_fw-la praelati_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o caeteri_fw-la de_fw-la communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la laici_fw-la etc._n etc._n from_o which_o it_o be_v apparent_a there_o be_v a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o in_o england_n more_o comprehensive_a than_o that_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o and_o that_o our_o english_a record_n also_o agree_v with_o these_o scotch_a statute_n you_o may_v see_v by_o 2_o record_n which_o mr._n pryn_n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o history_n of_o papal_a usurpation_n out_o of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o 17_o of_o edw._n i._n it_o be_v a_o letter_n to_o eric_n king_n of_o norway_n 4._o concern_v the_o marriage_n of_o his_o son_n edward_n with_o his_o granddaughter_n then_o heiress_n of_o scotland_n and_o norway_n recite_v that_o the_o custodes_fw-la scil._n regni_fw-la scotlae_fw-la magnates_fw-la praelati_fw-la ac_fw-la tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la predicti_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la unanimi_fw-la &_o expresso_fw-la consensu_fw-la have_v agree_v to_o the_o say_a marriage_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o letter_n of_o this_o king_n edward_n about_o the_o same_o marriage_n â—_o he_o declare_v that_o he_o have_v by_o his_o procurator_n therein_o name_v treat_v and_o agree_v with_o the_o custodibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o it_o present_o follow_v ac_fw-la praedicti_fw-la nobiles_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la praedicti_fw-la now_o who_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la signify_v put_v here_o distinct_a from_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o noble_n but_o the_o commons_o of_o that_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o 14_o year_n of_o king_n robert_n i._o there_o be_v a_o letter_n send_v from_o the_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o pope_n 1320._o complain_v against_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o manuscript_n and_o be_v also_o print_v by_o dr._n burnet_n 10._o in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o reformation_n and_o by_o which_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o comites_fw-la barones_n libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la scotiae_fw-la agree_v to_o this_o letter_n and_o that_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n town_n be_v at_o that_o time_n part_n of_o this_o communitas_fw-la appear_v by_o the_o league_n make_v between_o this_o king_n robert_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o the_o 28_o year_n of_o our_o edw._n i._n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o roll_n of_o this_o year_n 83._o still_o extant_a in_o the_o tower_n which_o league_n be_v ratify_v and_o confirm_v in_o their_o parliament_n by_o king_n john_n de_fw-fr bayliol_n ac_fw-la praelatos_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la vniversitates_fw-la &_o communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o villarum_fw-la praedicti_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o in_o scotland_n the_o city_n
i_o grant_v all_o the_o lesser_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v to_o be_v summonld_v by_o the_o sheriff_n to_o come_v to_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n may_v have_v only_o call_v some_o of_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a of_o they_o and_o such_o as_o he_o think_v most_o fit_a to_o advise_v he_o in_o make_v law_n and_o impose_v tax_n upon_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o like_a prerogative_n his_o son_n henry_n the_o three_o resume_v during_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a old_a statute_n by_o and_o by_o p._n and_o that_o our_o king_n do_v often_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o call_v who_o they_o please_v and_o omit_v who_o they_o please_v of_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v appear_v by_o those_o who_o be_v call_v pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la or_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la who_o be_v put_v after_o the_o baron_n and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v many_o instance_n of_o their_o be_v call_v to_o parliament_n and_o again_o omit_v in_o several_a king_n reign_v after_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n as_o represent_v as_o at_o this_o day_n f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n notwithstanding_o what_o you_o now_o have_v say_v since_o i_o do_v not_o find_v your_o reason_n to_o come_v up_o to_o what_o you_o intend_v therein_o for_o you_o only_o suppose_v but_o without_o any_o proof_n that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la must_v signify_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o ancient_a scotish_n charter_n and_o statute_n all_o the_o argument_n you_o bring_v to_o the_o contrary_n be_v that_o i_o can_v show_v you_o any_o law_n by_o which_o it_o be_v alter_v to_o what_o it_o be_v now_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o constitution_n have_v be_v always_o the_o same_o as_o at_o this_o day_n now_o pray_v consider_v whether_o this_o will_v not_o press_v altogether_o as_o hard_o upon_o you_o in_o relation_n to_o england_n for_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o law_n whereby_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v exclude_v here_o and_o knight_n of_o shire_n introduce_v in_o their_o flead_v and_o therefore_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n let_v the_o scottish_a parliament_n have_v be_v of_o what_o they_o will_v yet_o we_o have_v be_v still_o the_o same_o they_o be_v now_o but_o if_o you_o say_v that_o this_o contrary_a usage_n have_v be_v introduce_v either_o by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n or_o by_o the_o silent_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n or_o by_o some_o law_n that_o be_v now_o lose_v be_v not_o all_o the_o same_o argument_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o scotish_n parliament_n which_o i_o may_v upon_o as_o good_a ground_n suppose_v to_o have_v deviate_v from_o their_o original_a constitution_n as_o you_o do_v that_o our_o english_a parliament_n have_v do_v it_o so_o that_o if_o those_o argument_n be_v of_o any_o weight_n they_o will_v serve_v for_o england_n as_o well_o as_o scotland_n but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o at_o all_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v as_o to_o burrough_n in_o scotland_n since_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o suppose_v that_o divers_a burrough_n in_o scotland_n may_v voluntary_o desist_v from_o send_v their_o deputy_n to_o parliament_n that_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o it_o be_v that_o divers_a burrough_n in_o england_n do_v petition_n to_o be_v exempt_v from_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o inability_n to_o pay_v the_o expense_n of_o their_o burgess_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o by_o divers_a precedent_n some_o of_o which_o be_v in_o print_n have_v i_o now_o time_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o discourse_n i_o can_v imagine_v to_o what_o it_o tend_v for_o if_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o or_o right_o to_o come_v to_o parliament_n how_o come_v they_o to_o have_v it_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a freehold_a estate_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o if_o so_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n why_o those_o that_o have_v as_o good_a or_o better_a freehold_a estate_n than_o they_o shall_v be_v all_o exclude_v or_o why_o a_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o but_o one_o knight_n fee_fw-mi hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v give_v he_o a_o right_a to_o a_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o get_v that_o a_o mesne_n tenant_n or_o vavasour_n as_o he_o be_v then_o call_v who_o hold_v ten_o knight_n fee_n of_o some_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n who_o perhaps_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o shall_v have_v no_o right_n of_o appear_v there_o nor_o of_o choose_v any_o representative_a for_o he_o since_o notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v now_o say_v the_o doctor_n either_o contradict_v himself_o 68_o or_o you_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o express_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n represent_v only_o themselves_o and_o not_o the_o commons_o but_o how_o this_o will_v agree_v with_o what_o he_o say_v in_o his_o introduction_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o have_v no_o share_n in_o make_v law_n etc._n etc._n before_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o unless_o they_o be_v represent_v by_o thd_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o so_o must_v then_o certain_o represent_v those_o that_o he_o here_o call_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n collective_o take_v but_o as_o for_o your_o notion_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o king_n court_n baron_n though_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o of_o a_o learned_a scotch_a lawyer_n sir_n george_n meâ—â—ensy_n yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o it_o be_v never_o true_a for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n both_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o tennre_n of_o land_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o then_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o manor_n in_o this_o kingdom_n which_o the_o doctor_n tell_v we_o be_v of_o no_o high_a a_o original_n than_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o admit_v i_o shall_v allow_v your_o notion_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v ancient_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n then_o certain_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v a_o right_a to_o appear_v there_o and_o to_o be_v not_o only_a suitor_n but_o judge_n of_o all_o difference_n arise_v among_o the_o tenant_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n where_o neither_o the_o lord_n himself_o nor_o his_o steward_n be_v judge_n and_o that_o of_o right_n and_o not_o by_o savour_n whereas_o you_o suppose_v such_o a_o courtbaron_n as_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o where_o the_o lord_n can_v admit_v or_o exclude_v who_o of_o his_o tenant_n he_o please_v to_o which_o if_o they_o have_v a_o right_a ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la certain_o he_o can_v never_o do_v so_o that_o instead_o of_o a_o courtbaron_n and_o a_o common_a council_n according_a to_o king_n john_n charter_n whereby_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v to_o be_v summon_v to_o this_o council_n or_o pretend_a court_n baron_n you_o suppose_v the_o king_n still_o retain_v a_o prerogative_n of_o call_v or_o omit_v who_o he_o please_v which_o instead_o of_o confirm_v the_o validity_n of_o the_o charter_n and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v a_o rule_n how_o such_o council_n shall_v be_v call_v for_o the_o future_a you_o make_v to_o signify_v just_a nothing_o and_o that_o no_o common_a council_n be_v ever_o call_v according_a to_o that_o model_n but_o pray_v show_v i_o a_o courtbaron_n wherein_o the_o tenant_n ever_o take_v upon_o themselves_o a_o power_n of_o give_v tax_n out_o of_o their_o estate_n that_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o manor_n though_o they_o be_v resident_a within_o it_o but_o indeed_o you_o be_v out_o in_o the_o whole_a matter_n for_o the_o doctor_n himself_o grant_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n when_o he_o give_v we_o king_n john_n letter_n of_o summons_n to_o a_o council_n direct_v to_o the_o baron_n and_o knight_n and_o as_o he_o translate_v eidelibus_fw-la feudatory_n or_o vassal_n of_o all_o england_n wherein_o he_o let_v they_o know_v 40._o that_o he_o have_v send_v his_o letter_n to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o if_o it_o may_v have_v be_v do_v now_o what_o reason_n have_v he_o to_o write_v thus_o if_o these_o gentleman_n have_v no_o right_a to_o be_v consult_v or_o that_o the_o king_n may_v have_v call_v or_o leave_v out_o who_o of_o they_o he_o please_v but_o the_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v in_o another_o mind_n when_o in_o the_o 37th_o of_o king_n hen._n iii_o as_o mar._n paris_n tell_v we_o they_o refuse_v to_o act_n or_o proceed_v upon_o any_o thing_n
without_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o peer_n divers_a of_o who_o it_o seem_v the_o king_n have_v for_o some_o reason_n then_o omit_v to_o summon_v but_o as_o for_o your_o instance_n of_o the_o baron_n peer_n or_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la which_o be_v sometime_o summon_v and_o sametimes_o omit_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o our_o three_o edwards_n you_o do_v well_o to_o put_v in_o that_o it_o be_v after_o the_o time_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n for_o indeed_o it_o be_v only_o after_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v leave_v off_o make_v a_o distinct_a council_n by_o themselves_o which_o i_o suppose_v be_v about_o the_o end_n of_o henry_n iii_o reign_n and_o then_o it_o be_v true_a the_o king_n call_v several_a of_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o also_o other_o that_o be_v not_o so_o by_o writ_n to_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n as_o pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la i._n e._n not_o as_o real_a baron_n but_o barons-peer_n since_o a_o baâ—e_a summons_n by_o writ_n do_v not_o as_o yet_o nor_o long_v after_o vest_n a_o peerage_n in_o their_o heir_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n from_o any_o thing_n you_o have_v urge_v from_o the_o example_n of_o scotland_n to_o make_v i_o change_v my_o opinion_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v ancient_o the_o sole_a representative_n either_o of_o this_o or_o that_o whole_a nation_n in_o parliament_n for_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o i_o do_v not_o find_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o much_o as_o mention_v in_o the_o ancient_a statute_n of_o that_o kingdom_n or_o charter_n of_o their_o king_n as_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n robert_n iii_o which_o be_v but_o late_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o those_o council_n in_o that_o kingdom_n m._n i_o can_v say_v more_o as_o to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la their_o come_n to_o parliament_n as_o the_o sole_a reprensentative_n of_o the_o nation_n before_o the_o time_n you_o mention_v but_o it_o grow_v late_a and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v wave_v it_o at_o present_a and_o so_o shall_v only_o proceed_v to_o remark_n that_o great_a part_n of_o the_o error_n of_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n proceed_v from_o this_o false_a ground_n that_o you_o suppose_v that_o the_o parliament_n both_o of_o england_n and_o scotland_n be_v a_o perfect_a representative_a body_n of_o all_o the_o freehoulders_a and_o freeman_n of_o those_o kingdom_n which_o be_v a_o mere_a chimaera_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n if_o we_o will_v consider_v it_o never_o be_v nor_o indeed_o be_v so_o at_o this_o day_n since_o you_o yourself_o must_v acknowledge_v that_o all_o copy-holders_n and_o lease-holders_n under_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n all_o freeman_n in_o town_n corporate_a where_o the_o election_n lie_v whole_o in_o the_o major_n and_o alderman_n or_o common_a council_n and_o last_o all_o that_o will_v not_o pay_v scot_n and_o lot_n in_o divers_a burrough_n town_n be_v utter_o exclude_v from_o give_v their_o vote_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o parliament_n man_n and_o consequent_o from_o have_v any_o representatives_n in_o parliament_n though_o sure_a as_o much_o freeman_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o either_o by_o general_a statute_n or_o else_o by_o the_o particular_a charter_n and_o custom_n of_o those_o city_n town_n and_o burrough_n all_o which_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o good_a and_o lawful_a representative_n of_o those_o city_n and_o burrough_n so_o that_o i_o be_o clear_o of_o the_o doctor_n be_v opinion_n 68_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o well_o those_o who_o be_v baron_n as_o those_o that_o be_v not_o only_o represent_v themselves_o and_o not_o the_o commons_o as_o be_v as_o you_o true_o observe_v never_o choose_v by_o the_o people_n and_o as_o no_o man_n can_v believe_v that_o a_o great_a lord_n or_o bishop_n can_v represent_v his_o mesne_n tenant_n so_o neither_o can_v the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n be_v proper_o say_v to_o represent_v they_o and_o yet_o these_o might_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o feudal_n tenor_n and_o the_o power_n they_o then_o have_v over_o their_o tenant_n estate_n very_o well_o make_v law_n for_o they_o and_o tax_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n because_o the_o main_a interest_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n lay_v almost_o whole_o in_o they_o and_o these_o as_o the_o doctor_n very_o well_o observe_v have_v the_o power_n of_o this_o or_o any_o other_o nation_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la always_o do_v make_v law_n for_o and_o tax_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n but_o to_o say_v somewhat_o to_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v bring_v from_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n and_o durham_n i_o know_v not_o what_o old_a privilege_n they_o may_v pretend_v to_o of_o not_o be_v force_v to_o give_v voluntary_a aid_n or_o subsidy_n of_o their_o movable_a good_n without_o their_o consent_n yet_o this_o much_o i_o think_v may_v be_v make_v out_o that_o as_o for_o all_o land_n tax_n and_o the_o general_a law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o be_v as_o much_o bind_v by_o the_o one_o and_o as_o much_o liable_a to_o pay_v to_o the_o other_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n or_o else_o how_o come_v they_o afterward_o to_o be_v bind_v by_o our_o general_a statute_n at_o all_o as_o certain_o they_o be_v from_o all_o time_n since_o the_o conquest_n though_o chester_n have_v no_o representative_n in_o parliament_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n viii_o and_o durham_n have_v none_o till_o our_o time_n f._n you_o gentleman_n who_o hold_v this_o general_a notion_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v so_o intoxicate_v with_o it_o that_o you_o do_v not_o care_v what_o absurdity_n or_o contradiction_n you_o fall_v into_o provide_v you_o may_v maintain_v your_o dear_a opinion_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o first_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o your_o reply_n to_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v be_v very_o fallacious_a and_o in_o some_o point_n mistake_v as_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o our_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v in_o their_o first_o institution_n the_o main_a body_n or_o representative_a of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o though_o it_o may_v by_o long_a continuance_n of_o time_n to_o deviate_v from_o that_o institution_n yet_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v attribute_v either_o to_o some_o prevail_a custom_n or_o else_o positive_a law_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n all_o the_o free_a holder_n of_o england_n have_v a_o right_a of_o come_v to_o parliament_n in_o person_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o ingenuus_n be_v synonimous_a and_o of_o the_o same_o signification_n as_o i_o have_v prove_v from_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n comment_n in_o his_o glossary_n upon_o those_o word_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o member_n of_o those_o council_n be_v so_o numerous_a as_o they_o be_v in_o those_o time_n and_o long_o after_o till_o they_o become_v so_o vast_a and_o unmanageable_a that_o they_o be_v fain_o by_o degree_n to_o pitch_v upon_o this_o method_n of_o send_v knight_n of_o shire_n to_o represent_v they_o which_o be_v certain_o a_o very_a ancient_a institution_n since_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_n demean_v claim_v to_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o expense_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n by_o prescription_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o more_o particular_o by_o and_o by_o and_o likewise_o since_o all_o riches_n consist_v in_o those_o day_n in_o land_n or_o else_o in_o stock_n or_o trade_n therefore_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o town_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o riches_n have_v always_o a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n as_o well_o as_o in_o give_v of_o tax_n and_o since_o all_o such_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n not_o be_v able_a to_o come_v in_o person_n as_o the_o freeholders_n can_v be_v represent_v either_o by_o their_o chief_a magistrate_n call_v their_o alderman_n or_o else_o by_o burgess_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n as_o at_o this_o day_n so_o that_o all_o freedom_n or_o ingenuity_n be_v in_o this_o as_o in_o all_o other_o commonwealth_n reckon_v per_fw-la censum_fw-la by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o owner_n our_o common_a council_n be_v and_o that_o true_o the_o representative_n not_o only_o of_o the_o estate_n but_o person_n of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o i_o be_o so_o far_o of_o the_o doctor_n be_v opinion_n that_o the_o cheorl_n folk_n as_o they_o be_v then_o term_v be_v little_o better_a than_o the_o scotch_a vassal_n or_o
french_a peasant_n at_o this_o day_n and_o so_o be_v not_o reckon_v among_o the_o freeman_n all_o freedom_n consist_v then_o in_o so_o much_o freehold_a land_n hold_v in_o a_o man_n be_v own_o right_a or_o be_v freeman_n of_o some_o city_n or_o burrough_n town_n and_o this_o give_v we_o a_o reason_n why_o copy-holders_n and_o tenant_n for_o year_n have_v no_o vote_n in_o parliament_n at_o this_o day_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a and_o all_o our_o law_n book_n allow_v it_o that_o at_o the_o first_o all_o copyhold_n estate_n be_v hold_v by_o villeinage_n and_o the_o owner_n of_o they_o at_o first_o the_o villani_n or_o tiller_n of_o the_o demefnes_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o that_o town_n there_o be_v at_o first_o no_o freehold_n less_o than_o that_o of_o a_o whole_a township_n since_o a_o manor_n and_o therefore_o all_o copy-holders_n and_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o at_o will_n though_o freeman_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o have_v vote_n at_o this_o day_n because_o as_o i_o say_v before_o freedom_n ancient_o consist_v in_o the_o inheritance_n or_o freehold_n estate_n of_o land_n or_o in_o riches_n in_o trade_n or_o traffic_n lease_n for_o life_n and_o year_n be_v not_o know_v or_o at_o least_o not_o common_o in_o use_n in_o those_o day_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o when_o estate_n of_o freehold_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o small_a parcel_n all_o freeholders_n till_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n iu._n and_o vi_o which_o we_o have_v before_o cite_v be_v as_o much_o capable_a of_o give_v their_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o the_o best_a and_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o england_n till_o it_o be_v reduce_v by_o those_o statute_n to_o 40_o s._n freehold_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la these_o freeholder_n and_o burgess_n of_o town_n be_v ancient_o look_v upon_o in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n as_o the_o only_a freeman_n and_o it_o be_v these_o freeholder_n alone_o who_o owe_v suit_n and_o service_n to_o the_o county_n court_n and_o be_v amerce_v if_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v this_o be_v premise_v and_o sufficient_o understand_v will_v give_v we_o a_o very_a good_a account_n why_o copyholder_n and_o lease-holders_n for_o year_n do_v not_o give_v any_o vote_n at_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o yet_o the_o parliament_n may_v still_o continue_v the_o representative_a of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o territory_n about_o it_o be_v of_o all_o the_o roman_n though_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o liberti_n and_o in_o inqui_fw-la lini_fw-la who_o sure_o be_v freeman_n and_o not_o slave_n and_o yet_o have_v no_o vote_n in_o they_o comitiis_fw-la centuriatis_fw-la or_o general_a assembly_n of_o all_o the_o roman_a citizen_n but_o that_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la must_v take_v in_o more_o than_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o doctor_n himself_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o confess_v in_o his_o glossary_n notwithstanding_o his_o maintain_v the_o contrary_a in_o the_o body_n of_o his_o book_n viz._n that_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la p._n &_o libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la mention_v in_o john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o their_o retinue_n and_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n also_o and_o who_o he_o there_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v then_o the_o only_a man_n of_o honour_n faith_n and_o reputation_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o may_v certain_o have_v be_v choose_v knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o any_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o this_o be_v but_o argumentum_fw-la ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la for_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n by_o military_a service_n be_v not_o the_o only_a man_n of_o faith_n and_o honour_n in_o those_o time_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o king_n tenant_n in_o peâ—yt_n serjeantry_n and_o of_o some_o honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o his_o tenant_n in_o socage_n beside_o those_o who_o hold_v of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n and_o the_o tenant_n of_o those_o abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o yet_o be_v very_o numerous_a be_v man_n of_o as_o much_o faith_n and_o honour_n as_o those_o that_o do_v since_o many_o of_o they_o possess_v as_o good_a if_o not_o better_a estate_n than_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_z so_o that_o you_o be_v certain_o mistake_v in_o matter_n of_o fact_n when_o you_o say_v the_o whole_a force_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o nation_n lie_v in_o their_o hand_n for_o if_o you_o mean_v legal_a force_n i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v no_o legal_a right_n to_o give_v away_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n or_o to_o make_v law_n for_o they_o without_o their_o consent_n who_o be_v altogether_o as_o free_a as_o themselves_o servitiis_fw-la suis_fw-la debitis_fw-la solummodo_a exceptis_fw-la as_o bracton_n tell_v we_o much_o less_o for_o so_o great_a a_o body_n of_o man_n as_o i_o now_o mention_v who_o never_o hold_v of_o they_o at_o all_o and_o consequent_o can_v not_o upon_o your_o own_o hypothesis_n be_v ever_o represent_v by_o they_o but_o if_o you_o mean_v a_o physical_a strength_n or_o force_n though_o this_o can_v give_v no_o natural_a much_o less_o legal_a right_n for_o one_o man_n to_o lord_n it_o over_o another_o yet_o even_o this_o be_v much_o far_o from_o truth_n since_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o well_o by_o military_a service_n as_o in_o socage_n together_o with_o those_o above_o mention_v who_o never_o hold_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o make_v six_o time_n a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n both_o for_o number_n as_o well_o as_o estate_n than_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la take_v together_o but_o to_o conclude_v neither_o be_v your_o remark_n upon_o my_o authority_n from_o gheller_n and_o durham_n at_o all_o to_o the_o purpose_n for_o i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o those_o county_n palatine_n be_v not_o at_o first_o conclude_v within_o the_o general_a law_n and_o tax_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o they_o have_v their_o particular_a council_n for_o both_o within_o themselves_o as_o the_o supplication_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n sufficient_o declare_v and_o certain_o durham_n have_v the_o like_a privilege_n since_o i_o never_o hear_v that_o the_o man_n in_o that_o county_n be_v more_o slave_n to_o their_o bishop_n than_o the_o cheshire_n man_n to_o their_o earl_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o about_o the_o confuse_a time_n of_o king_n hen._n vi_o there_o be_v a_o great_a breach_n make_v on_o the_o ancient_a liberty_n of_o these_o two_o county_n palatine_n and_o if_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n make_v law_n for_o and_o levy_v tax_n upon_o they_o though_o they_o have_v no_o representative_n therein_o this_o proceed_v partly_o from_o their_o be_v 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to_o posterity_n for_o a_o very_a remarkable_a transaction_n that_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o the_o ossuary_n or_o vulgar_a sort_n of_o people_n come_v to_o these_o assembly_n only_o to_o shout_n and_o make_v a_o noise_n for_o good_a victual_n and_o drink_v and_o therefore_o the_o dr._n and_o you_o i_o hope_v will_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o still_o keep_v my_o former_a opinion_n that_o both_o the_o arch-bishop_n lanfranc_n and_o anselm_n be_v not_o only_o name_v or_o propose_v by_o k._n william_n the_o first_o and_o second_o in_o the_o common_a or_o general_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o be_v also_o therein_o elect_v or_o choose_v by_o the_o citrus_a and_o populus_fw-la according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o that_o age_n and_o the_o literal_a meaning_n of_o those_o ancient_a author_n 300._o who_o word_n the_o dr._n either_o leave_v out_o of_o strive_v to_o wrest_v to_o quit_v another_o seâ—ses_n nor_o to_o his_o objection_n against_o the_o election_n of_o lanfranc_n at_o all_o 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every_o body_n be_v sensible_a those_o word_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o a_o literal_a but_o legal_a sense_n that_o be_v the_o whole_a clergy_n be_v say_v to_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o a_o thing_n when_o they_o do_v it_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n the_o bishop_n and_o procurator_n of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o why_o may_v not_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o england_n be_v as_o well_o say_v to_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o this_o election_n by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n at_o that_o time_n but_o that_o we_o be_v not_o singular_a in_o this_o opinion_n pray_v see_v what_o archbishop_n parker_n say_v in_o his_o antiquitates_fw-la brittannicae_n of_o this_o election_n of_o lanfranc_n celeberrima_fw-la est_fw-la autem_fw-la huius_fw-la prae_fw-la caeteris_fw-la electio_fw-la etc._n etc._n electus_n est_fw-la enim_fw-la à _fw-la majoribus_fw-la cantuarensis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la tâ—n_fw-la accessâ—t_fw-la procerum_fw-la atque_fw-la praesulum_fw-la totiusque_fw-la quasi_fw-la populi_n consensus_fw-la in_o aula_n regis_fw-la quod_fw-la sanè_fw-la est_fw-la inslar_fw-la senatus_n seu_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la anglicani_n as_o for_o the_o next_o objection_n against_o this_o election_n of_o lanfranc_n it_o be_v yet_o weak_a than_o the_o former_a because_o the_o dr._n have_v answer_v this_o question_n himself_o how_o the_o english_a saxon_a bishop_n baron_n and_o the_o whole_a people_n shall_v choose_v a_o stranger_n a_o person_n they_o have_v never_o know_v and_o postpone_v all_o their_o deserve_a countryman_n now_o pray_v read_v a_o very_a good_a solution_n to_o this_o difficulty_n if_o he_o may_v be_v believe_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n wherein_o he_o tell_v we_o 15._o that_o king_n william_n have_v take_v away_o from_o the_o english_a their_o estate_n and_o give_v they_o to_o his_o norman_n and_o that_o this_o he_o do_v from_o his_o very_a first_o come_n in_o and_o then_o reckon_v up_o the_o earldom_n he_o give_v to_o his_o norman_a follower_n now_o if_o the_o english_a have_v then_o no_o estate_n they_o can_v sure_o have_v no_o place_n or_o vote_n in_o that_o great_a council_n when_o lanfranc_n be_v choose_v but_o if_o to_o solve_v this_o you_o will_v say_v as_o the_o dr._n do_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o antinâ—s_fw-la mannicum_fw-la 300._o that_o this_o council_n be_v hold_v about_o the_o four_o year_n of_o the_o conqueror_n some_o year_n before_o he_o have_v make_v a_o absolute_a conquest_n and_o that_o the_o english_a bishop_n and_o baron_n and_o freemen_n have_v still_o some_o estate_n leave_v and_o therefore_o may_v then_o make_v the_o major_a part_n of_o this_o great_a council_n when_o lanfranc_n be_v make_v bishop_n so_o will_v never_o have_v elect_v he_o have_v it_o be_v leave_v to_o their_o choice_n pray_v tell_v i_o if_o the_o fear_n of_o refuse_v be_v a_o sufficient_a objection_n that_o he_o be_v not_o elect_v whether_o or_o no_o it_o will_v not_o be_v as_o strong_a a_o objection_n against_o his_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o senior_n of_o the_o church_n of_o canterb._n aâ—_n gervase_n tell_v we_o express_o he_o be_v 37._o because_o say_v the_o dr._n they_o do_v it_o by_o order_n and_o direction_n from_o king_n william_n and_o their_o proceed_n no_o other_o than_o it_o be_v now_o by_o the_o chapter_n of_o other_o church_n upon_o a_o congee_n dé_v estire_n they_o can_v not_o refuse_v he_o and_o now_o suppose_v his_o power_n to_o have_v be_v as_o great_a as_o a_o conqueror_n in_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o canterbury_n why_o may_v we_o not_o say_v almost_o in_o the_o same_o word_n they_o can_v not_o they_o dare_v not_o refuse_v he_o who_o be_v already_o elect_v by_o the_o prior_n and_o chapter_n of_o canterbury_n for_o fear_v of_o â—â—â—ing_v their_o estate_n but_o if_o a_o election_n that_o can_v be_v refuse_v be_v none_o at_o all_o the_o dr._n may_v do_v well_o to_o consider_v whether_o there_o be_v then_o or_o be_v now_o any_o canonical_a election_n of_o bishop_n in_o
england_n at_o this_o day_n m._n i_o shall_v not_o far_o dispute_v this_o matter_n at_o this_o time_n therefore_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o authority_n out_o of_o our_o english_a historian_n prove_v that_o any_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n before_o the_o time_n we_o allow_v they_o to_o have_v be_v there_o f._n though_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o at_o our_o last_o meet_v from_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o as_o also_o from_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la and_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la that_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o many_o more_o member_n than_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o the_o historian_n and_o armalist_n of_o those_o time_n do_v comprehend_v all_o the_o several_a order_n under_o the_o general_a title_n of_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la or_o magnate_v and_o proceres_fw-la you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o chron._n of_o thom._n wike_n a._n d._n 1237._o where_o it_o be_v only_o say_v in_o general_a that_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la regni_fw-la do_v in_o that_o year_n be_v the_o 9_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o grant_v the_o king_n a_o 30_o the_o of_o all_o their_o movable_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o which_o be_v more_o remarkable_a the_o parliament_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o 1264._o be_v 49_o the_o of_o this_o king_n be_v only_o thus_o mention_v by_o this_o author_n in_o a_o historical_a way_n transacto_fw-la siquidem_fw-la viceâ—mo_fw-la die_fw-la nâ—tivitatis_fw-la dominicae_fw-la sacta_fw-la est_fw-la london_n pes_fw-la comitem_fw-la seil_fw-fr leyeestriae_fw-la convocatio_fw-la non_fw-la minima_fw-la procerum_fw-la anglicorum_n etc._n etc._n where_o in_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n in_o this_o year_n it_o be_v only_o say_v factum_fw-la est_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la magnum_fw-la londonia_n etc._n etc._n now_o pray_v observe_v that_o either_o the_o commons_o be_v mention_v by_o wike_n under_o the_o name_n of_o proceres_fw-la or_o not_o at_o all_o and_o that_o under_o the_o word_n parliamentum_fw-la the_o commons_o be_v then_o comprehend_v appear_v by_o the_o agreement_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o baron_n there_o extant_a 217._o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v de_fw-fr unanimi_fw-la assensu_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la nostra_fw-la sâ—ili_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la filii_fw-la nostri_fw-la praeletorum_fw-la vomitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o communitatis_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la now_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v since_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o 49_o h._n 3._o that_o the_o commons_o be_v there_o and_o consequent_o must_v be_v comprehend_v under_o this_o phrase_n of_o communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o if_o this_o have_v be_v the_o first_o time_n they_o have_v be_v summon_v it_o be_v strange_a none_o of_o these_o author_n shall_v take_v any_o notice_n of_o so_o remarkable_a a_o alteration_n and_o change_v of_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o english_a parliament_n but_o that_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o bâ—rgesses_n be_v also_o summon_v in_o the_o next_o year_n in_o a_o parliament_n of_o the_o 50_o the_o of_o this_o king_n you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o say_a wike_n chronicle_n 8â—_n ann._n dom._n 1265._o where_o he_o set_v down_o all_o the_o constituent_a estate_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v summon_v to_o meet_v at_o westminster_n at_o the_o translation_n of_o st._n edward_n relic_n in_o these_o word_n convocatis_fw-la universis_fw-la angliae_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la cunctarum_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la civitatum_fw-la paritir_n &_o burgorum_n potentioribus_fw-la ut_fw-la translationis_fw-la solemnia_fw-la celebrius_fw-la illustrarent_fw-la wherethe_v knight_n of_o shire_n be_v comprehend_v under_o magnates_n and_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v here_o style_v potentiores_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o burgorum_n and_o that_o this_o be_v not_o only_o for_o a_o mere_a ceremony_n but_o for_o parliament_n business_n also_o see_v the_o next_o page_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o celebratae_fw-la tundem_fw-la tuntae_fw-la translationis_fw-la solemnitate_fw-la â—â—perunt_fw-la nobiles_fw-la i._n e._n all_o the_o estate_n above_o mention_v ut_fw-la assolent_fw-la parliamentationis_fw-la genere_fw-la de_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la negotiis_fw-la pertracture_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o which_o parliament_n the_o king_n so_o far_o prevail_v as_o to_o obtain_v a_o 20_o the_o part_n of_o all_o movable_a good_n of_o the_o laity_n and_o yet_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o mat._n paris_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o this_o year_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o this_o parliament_n but_o only_o say_v in_o general_n that_o st._n edward_n body_n be_v this_o year_n translate_v into_o its_o new_a shrine_n and_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n print_v in_o the_o same_o volume_n under_o this_o year_n make_v mention_n of_o this_o parliament_n in_o general_a term_n thus_o facta_fw-la convocatione_n episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la priorum_fw-la &_o multerum_fw-la aliorum_fw-la so_o uncertain_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v whole_o to_o depend_v upon_o the_o general_a expression_n of_o monkish_a writer_n without_o compare_v they_o and_o the_o record_n together_o and_o consider_v the_o subject_a matter_n about_o which_o they_o treat_v nor_o can_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o parliament_n be_v shape_z and_o change_v as_o often_o as_o they_o do_v their_o phrase_n and_o way_n of_o express_v the_o part_n of_o they_o for_o they_o not_o foresee_v the_o difference_n that_o may_v arise_v about_o these_o matter_n have_v no_o reason_n particular_o to_o recite_v the_o constituent_a member_n or_o estate_n of_o parliament_n as_o often_o as_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v they_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v who_o they_o be_v at_o that_o time_n but_o to_o prove_v further_o that_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a there_o be_v any_o alteration_n in_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o the_o 49_o the_o may_v appear_v by_o his_o writ_n still_o extant_a among_o the_o parent_n roll_v of_o the_o 54_o the_o of_o this_o king_n 7._o where_o it_o be_v express_o recite_v that_o it_o not_o seem_v safe_a to_o the_o praelatis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la &_o communicati_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la that_o both_o himself_o and_o his_o son_n prince_n edward_n shall_v be_v both_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o once_o in_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o that_o therefore_o he_o give_v the_o whole_a subsidy_n of_o a_o 20_o the_o grant_v he_o by_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o his_o say_a son_n and_o that_o it_o continue_v so_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o edward_n the_o fir_v reign_v appear_v by_o a_o protestation_n in_o the_o 4_o the_o of_o this_o king_n as_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o patent_n roll_n wherein_o he_o recite_v a_o 15_o the_o to_o have_v be_v grant_v he_o of_o all_o movable_n by_o the_o comites_fw-la barones_n ac_fw-la alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la so_o that_o unless_o the_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la must_v alter_v every_o year_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n for_o we_o to_o believe_v any_o change_n to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o parliament_n since_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d._n this_o i_o think_v may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v you_o that_o before_o the_o time_n you_o mention_v nor_o only_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n but_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n do_v appear_v in_o parliament_n both_o before_o your_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n 3_o d_o and_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n 1_n m._n i_o believe_v the_o commons_o may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a word_n magnate_v &_o proceres_fw-la by_o wikes_n chronicle_n in_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 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in_o that_o record_n yet_o if_o they_o be_v not_o again_o summon_v to_o parliament_n till_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o
i._o it_o signify_v only_o the_o body_n of_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la till_o after_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o that_o king_n f._n i_o be_o sorry_a to_o see_v prepossession_n and_o prejudice_n have_v so_o much_o overrun_v you_o as_o to_o hinder_v you_o from_o close_v with_o the_o truth_n for_o pray_v tell_v i_o if_o this_o author_n can_v in_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o when_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v without_o dispute_n comprehend_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o that_o parliament_n under_o the_o general_a word_n of_o proâ—eres_fw-la and_o magnate_v and_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v understand_v by_o the_o same_o word_n in_o the_o next_o passage_n cite_v out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n why_o may_v not_o other_o writer_n do_v so_o too_o in_o other_o parliament_n as_o for_o your_o next_o exception_n it_o be_v a_o very_a small_a cavil_v for_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o summons_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n at_o the_o translation_n of_o king_n edward_n relic_n be_v to_o a_o parliament_n by_o the_o word_n that_o follow_v nobiles_fw-la ut_fw-la assolent_fw-la parliamentationis_fw-la genere_fw-la de_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la negotiis_fw-la pertractare_fw-la and_o why_o these_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n shall_v not_o be_v as_o well_o elect_v by_o their_o respective_a city_n and_o burrough_n this_o year_n as_o well_o as_o the_o last_o as_o it_o appear_v they_o be_v by_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n which_o the_o dr._n and_o mr._n pryn_n have_v give_v we_o register_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v give_v i_o any_o satisfactory_a argument_n to_o the_o contrary_n as_o for_o you_o objection_n against_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o 54_o the_o henry_n 3_o d_o it_o be_v altogether_o as_o unreasonable_a since_o this_o be_v to_o make_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n alter_v not_o only_a when_o writer_n shift_v their_o phrase_n but_o when_o they_o do_v not_o and_o that_o without_o any_o other_o reason_n but_o because_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o parliament_n roll_v of_o those_o time_n be_v all_o perish_v and_o to_o deny_v the_o commons_o be_v there_o only_o for_o that_o reason_n be_v altogether_o as_o unjust_a as_o for_o any_o court_n of_o justice_n to_o turn_v a_o man_n out_o of_o the_o actual_a and_o long_a possession_n of_o a_o estate_n mere_o because_o his_o write_n and_o evidence_n by_o the_o carelessness_n or_o roguery_n of_o his_o servant_n have_v happen_v a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o to_o be_v lose_v or_o burn_v but_o full_o to_o convince_v you_o if_o possible_a that_o dr._n bradyes_n opinion_n of_o the_o commons_o not_o be_v again_o summon_v from_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o till_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o be_v a_o mere_a fancy_n of_o his_o own_o and_o contrary_a to_o the_o express_a authority_n both_o of_o historian_n and_o record_n and_o to_o come_v to_o plain_a proof_n pray_v in_o the_o first_o place_n take_v notice_n that_o it_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n of_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o king_n edward_n the_o i._o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n acquaint_v he_o with_o the_o rebellion_n of_o lewellyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n dorso_fw-la that_o he_o have_v de_fw-la consilio_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o magnatum_fw-la regni_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la resolve_v god_n willing_a to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o welsh_a rebellion_n so_o that_o this_o war_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v resolve_v upon_o at_o the_o parliament_n hold_v the_o year_n before_o and_o now_o mention_v in_o this_o record_n a_o war_n which_o that_o valiant_a and_o fortunate_a prince_n effectual_o conclude_v by_o the_o total_a subdue_a of_o wales_n and_o kill_v of_o lewellyn_n who_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o send_v to_o london_n the_o particular_n of_o which_o war_n knighton_n as_o well_o as_o other_o historian_n relate_v at_o large_a 2463._o and_o also_o that_o present_o after_o david_n the_o brother_n of_o this_o lewellyn_n the_o cause_n of_o all_o these_o mischief_n be_v as_o this_o author_n show_v we_o in_o magno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la at_o shrewsbury_n condemn_v and_o afterward_o hang_v draw_v and_o quarter_v walsingham_n be_v more_o short_a in_o the_o relation_n of_o this_o parliament_n only_o say_v 51._o that_o in_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o i._o habitum_fw-la est_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la at_o shrewsbury_n in_o which_o this_o david_n be_v condemn_v and_o execute_v as_o before_o but_o thomas_n wike_v who_o live_v at_o this_o very_a time_n in_o his_o chronicle_n 111._o but_o now_o cite_v will_v better_o instruct_v we_o than_o either_o walsingham_n or_o knighton_n and_o his_o account_n of_o this_o parliament_n be_v as_o follow_v anno_fw-la 1282._o circa_n festum_fw-la sti_fw-la michaelis_fw-la rex_fw-la convocari_fw-la fecit_fw-la apud_fw-la salopesberiam_fw-la majores_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o sapientiores_fw-la tam_fw-la de_fw-la civibus_fw-la quam_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la &_o fecit_fw-la illuc_fw-la addaci_fw-la david_n qui_fw-la apud_fw-la rothelan_n fuerat_fw-la captivatus_fw-la ut_fw-la super_fw-la exigentiam_fw-la delicti_fw-la '_o svi_fw-la corpore_fw-la subiret_fw-la judicium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o then_o relate_v at_o large_a the_o manner_n of_o his_o execution_n from_o which_o passage_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o this_o author_n make_v it_o plain_a who_o be_v the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o this_o king_n and_o who_o constitute_v this_o great_a parliament_n at_o shrewsbury_n viz._n majores_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o last_o as_o i_o have_v now_o often_o prove_v take_v in_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o the_o wise_a of_o the_o citizen_n m._n but_o yet_o this_o author_n say_v no_o more_o but_o that_o the_o majores_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o sapientiores_fw-la tam_fw-la de_fw-la civibus_fw-la quam_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la be_v call_v to_o this_o parliament_n wherein_o lewellyn_n be_v condemn_v now_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o these_o ciâ—es_n be_v elect_v or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o burgess_n choose_v for_o the_o burrough_n or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o knight_n choose_v by_o the_o county_n there_o be_v indeed_o magnate_v call_v to_o this_o parliament_n but_o they_o may_v be_v all_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n well_o then_o since_o you_o will_v not_o be_v satisfy_v without_o direct_a and_o evident_a proof_n such_o as_o neither_o yourself_o nor_o dr._n b._n will_v i_o hope_v deny_v pray_v take_v this_o which_o mr._n petyt_n have_v not_o long_o since_o communicate_v to_o i_o and_o which_o he_o have_v late_o discover_v in_o rotulo_n walliae_fw-la in_o a_o bye_n roll_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o any_o body_n as_o i_o know_v of_o before_o ibid._n it_o be_v a_o formal_a writ_n of_o 11_o the_o edward_n i._o for_o summon_v the_o temporal_a lord_n to_o be_v with_o that_o king_n at_o a_o collequy_n or_o parliament_n opud_fw-la salop_n in_o crastino_n sti._n michaelis_n and_o there_o be_v in_o the_o same_o roll_v a_o second_o write_v direct_v to_o several_a city_n and_o burrough_n for_o elect_v two_o citizen_n and_o two_o burgess_n to_o this_o parliament_n with_o a_o void_a space_n to_o insert_v more_o name_n ibid._n and_o also_o a_o three_o write_v be_v there_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o every_o county_n in_o england_n to_o cause_n to_o be_v choose_v two_o knight_n pro_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la commitatus_fw-la and_o last_o there_o be_v a_o 4_o the_o writ_n direct_v to_o the_o justice_n and_o other_o of_o the_o king_n learned_a council_n with_o the_o same_o preamble_n to_o each_o of_o they_o all_o be_v command_v to_o appear_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o place_n now_o what_o can_v dr._n brady_n say_v to_o this_o that_o he_o who_o 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yet_o thought_n can_v be_v
what'were_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o represent_v by_o knight_n and_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n ever_o a_o essential_a constituent_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n from_o eternity_n before_o man_n be_v create_v or_o have_v they_o be_v so_o ever_o since_o adam_n or_o ever_o since_o england_n be_v people_v or_o ever_o since_o the_o britain_n roman_n and_o saxon_n inhabit_v this_o island_n certain_o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v so_o represent_v and_o that_o be_v the_o question_n between_o we_o concern_v which_o whether_o you_o or_o myself_o be_v in_o the_o right_n i_o dare_v leave_v to_o any_o impartial_a judge_n f._n but_o notwithstanding_o your_o drs._n answer_n i_o think_v under_o favour_n the_o king_n and_o lord_n do_v here_o allow_v the_o substance_n of_o this_o petition_n or_o claim_v as_o the_o main_a ground_n and_o foundation_n on_o which_o it_o be_v build_v viz._n that_o the_o commons_o have_v ever_o be_v member_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o that_o no_o law_n or_o statute_n shall_v be_v make_v without_o their_o assent_n which_o encroachment_n upon_o their_o liberty_n 〈◊〉_d seem_v have_v be_v before_o endeavour_v by_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n and_o therefore_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n be_v rather_o a_o full_a concession_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o commons_o claim_v otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n will_v have_v leave_v such_o a_o claim_n as_o of_o ancient_a right_n without_o any_o denial_n or_o protestation_n against_o it_o but_o instead_o of_o this_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n allow_v the_o whole_a to_o be_v true_a only_o the_o king_n reserve_v to_o himself_o his_o negative_a voice_n of_o grant_v or_o deny_v what_o he_o please_v which_o the_o commons_o themselves_o do_v also_o allow_v he_o in_o the_o conclusion_n to_o the_o petition_n itself_o as_o you_o may_v see_v if_o you_o please_v to_o read_v it_o 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so_o to_o do_v and_o therefore_o pray_v that_o they_o may_v improve_v their_o say_a manor_n etc._n etc._n to_o which_o petition_v it_o be_v answer_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o learned_a council_n in_o parliament_n that_o this_o can_v not_o be_v do_v without_o a_o new_a law_n to_o do_v which_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n will_v never_o assent_v and_o conclude_v infra_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la from_o whence_o i_o make_v these_o observation_n that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n do_v here_o declare_v it_o as_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o england_n that_o no_o new_a law_n can_v then_o be_v without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o or_o commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n and_o also_o that_o this_o commonalty_n be_v a_o distinct_a body_n from_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la before_o mention_v and_o beside_o this_o i_o can_v show_v you_o divers_a precedent_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o particular_o a_o declaration_n or_o protestation_n to_o edward_n 3d._n by_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n 56._o that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o any_o statute_n or_o ordinance_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o say_a commons_o which_o be_v also_o far_o confirm_v by_o another_o petition_n of_o right_n or_o a_o protestation_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 6_o richard_n 2d_o pt._n 1._o m._n 52._o wherein_o they_o pray_v against_o a_o pretend_a statute_n make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o lord_n against_o those_o who_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o be_v call_v lollard_n in_o which_o they_o set_v forth_o that_o the_o say_a statute_n be_v never_o assent_v to_o by_o the_o commons_o and_o therefore_o pray_v that_o it_o be_v annul_v and_o pray_v observe_v the_o reason_n for_o that_o it_o be_v not_o their_o intent_n to_o be_v justify_v nor_o to_o oblige_v themselves_o or_o their_o successor_n to_o the_o prelate_n more_o than_o their_o ancestor_n have_v be_v in_o time_n pass_v from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o commons_o do_v by_o all_o these_o petition_n and_o protestation_n make_v as_o strong_a a_o claim_n by_o prescription_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o ancestor_n not_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n as_o the_o king_n can_v make_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o ancestor_n touch_v his_o own_o prerogative_n by_o prescription_n but_o as_o for_o your_o query_n on_o this_o petition_n since_o they_o be_v not_o your_o own_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o i_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o impertinent_a for_o who_o ever_o suppose_v that_o the_o commons_o claim_v a_o right_a by_o prescription_n ever_o since_o the_o creation_n or_o ever_o since_o the_o first_o people_v of_o this_o island_n since_o any_o body_n may_v see_v that_o this_o word_n ever_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o subject_a in_o hand_n viz._n from_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n in_o this_o island_n now_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o put_v you_o a_o case_n suppose_v you_o shall_v affirm_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v successive_a and_o not_o elective_a will_v it_o not_o be_v mere_a cavil_v to_o ask_v you_o whither_o it_o be_v so_o pure_a divino_fw-la ever_o since_o adam_n but_o as_o you_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o any_o impartial_a judge_n who_o be_v in_o the_o right_n you_o or_o i_o so_o shall_v i_o likewise_o leave_v it_o to_o they_o to_o consider_v which_o be_v most_o likely_a that_o yourself_o your_o dr._n and_o some_o of_o our_o modern_a antiquary_n shall_v make_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o no_o ancient_a than_o about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o or_o middle_a of_o edward_n the_o one_a reign_n or_o the_o constant_a judgement_n of_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o learned_a council_n who_o have_v insist_v upon_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o their_o ancient_a and_o undoubted_a right_n beyond_o all_o time_n of_o memory_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v prove_v it_o plain_a enough_o that_o it_o be_v the_o constant_a opinion_n of_o more_o than_o one_o parliament_n that_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n but_o how_o long_o before_o that_o they_o do_v not_o set_v forth_o but_o since_o parliament_n be_v no_o more_o infallible_a than_o general_a council_n i_o hope_v you_o will_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o do_v not_o give_v absolute_a credit_n to_o their_o testimony_n since_o in_o a_o illiterate_a age_n as_o that_o be_v in_o which_o the_o commons_o make_v this_o petition_n it_o may_v happen_v that_o not_o only_o they_o but_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o his_o council_n at_o that_o time_n may_v not_o certain_o know_v how_o long_o or_o how_o little_a a_o time_n the_o commons_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n therefore_o since_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o they_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o be_v lose_v i_o pray_v show_v i_o from_o this_o general_a right_n of_o prescription_n you_o so_o much_o talk_v of_o that_o there_o must_v have_v be_v any_o commons_o summon_v to_o parliament_n before_o that_o time_n for_o i_o have_v now_o somewhat_o very_o material_a out_o of_o mr._n prins_n parliamentary_a register_n to_o object_n against_o mr._n lambard_n argument_n from_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la be_v exempt_v by_o prescription_n from_o pay_v to_o the_o wage_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n as_o you_o tell_v i_o at_o our_o last_o meet_v but_o one_o but_o first_o let_v i_o hear_v the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n from_o this_o
and_o power_n grant_v to_o they_o in_o and_o by_o this_o general_a clause_n in_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n issue_v to_o sheriff_n for_o every_o county_n before_o every_o parliament_n enjoin_v they_o in_o these_o word_n tibi_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la firmiter_fw-la injungentes_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la praedicto_fw-la duos_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr qualibet_fw-la cititate_fw-la duos_fw-la cives_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la burgo_n duos_fw-la burgess_n at_o discretioribus_fw-la 231.232_o etc._n etc._n sinâ—_n dilatione_fw-la eligi_fw-la &_o eos_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la ad_fw-la dictos_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la venite_fw-la facias_fw-la etc._n etc._n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o general_a indefinite_a clause_n use_v in_o all_o writ_n of_o summons_n ever_o since_o 23d_o of_o edward_n i._o without_o design_v what_o particular_a city_n or_o burrough_n by_o name_n within_o each_o county_n the_o sheriff_n shall_v cause_v to_o elect_n or_o send_v two_o citizen_n or_o two_o burgess_n but_o leave_v it_o whole_o to_o each_o sheriff_n liberty_n and_o discretion_n to_o send_v the_o writ_n direct_v to_o he_o to_o what_o city_n and_o burrough_n he_o please_v thereupon_o every_o sheriff_n use_v a_o kind_n of_o arbitrary_a power_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o general_a clause_n according_a as_o his_o judgement_n direct_v or_o his_o assertion_n favour_n partiality_n malice_n or_o the_o solicitation_n of_o any_o private_a burrough_n to_o he_o or_o of_o competitor_n for_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n place_n within_o his_o county_n sway_v he_o this_o be_v most_o apparent_a by_o some_o sheriff_n in_o several_a county_n return_v more_o burrough_n and_o burgess_n then_o their_o predecessor_n other_o few_o some_o omit_v those_o burrough_n return_v by_o their_o predecessor_n other_o cause_v election_n and_o return_v to_o be_v make_v for_o such_o new_a burrough_n which_o never_o elect_a or_o send_v any_o before_o nor_o after_o their_o sherivalty_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o return_v annis_n 28.33_o e._n 1._o and_o 34._o of_o e._n 3._o for_o diuâ—n_n anno_fw-la 26._o e._n 1._o for_o yorkshire_n anno_fw-la 33_o e._n 1._o for_o oxfordshire_n anno_fw-la 28._o of_o e._n 1._o for_o hampshire_n annis_n 33._o and_o 34._o of_o e._n 3._o for_o somerset_n annis_n 25.27_o and_o 28._o h._n 6_o for_o wilts_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o first_o writ_n or_o memorial_n of_o any_o extant_a on_o record_n for_o elect_a knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n to_o come_v to_o parliament_n be_v those_o of_o 49th_o of_o henry_n 3d_o but_o these_o writ_n only_o command_v that_o the_o sheriff_n cause_n to_o come_v two_o knight_n etc._n etc._n of_o each_o county_n and_o the_o like_a writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o city_n of_o london_n lincoln_n and_o other_o burrough_n of_o england_n to_o elect_v two_o citizen_n and_o two_o burgess_n for_o each_o of_o they_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n the_o like_a writ_n be_v also_o issue_v to_o sandwich_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n without_o express_v their_o name_n or_o number_n in_o each_o county_n and_o this_o form_n i_o conceive_v say_v mr._n pryn_n continue_v till_o 23d_o of_o edward_n i._n when_o the_o aforecited_a general_a clause_n authorise_v and_o entrust_v every_o sheriff_n to_o cause_v two_o citizen_n and_o two_o burgess_n to_o be_v elect_v etc._n etc._n out_o of_o every_o city_n and_o burrow_n in_o his_o county_n be_v first_o put_v into_o the_o writ_n by_o authority_n and_o colour_n whereof_o every_o sheriff_n send_v precept_n to_o what_o city_n and_o burrough_n of_o his_o county_n he_o please_v f._n i_o have_v with_o patience_n hear_v this_o long_a history_n of_o mr._n prins_n concern_v the_o election_n of_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n from_o which_o i_o must_v notwithstanding_o make_v bold_a to_o differ_v for_o though_o i_o own_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o industry_n in_o matter_n of_o record_n yet_o i_o doubt_v he_o be_v often_o too_o quick_a in_o take_v up_o of_o opinion_n upon_o slender_a ground_n therefore_o for_o the_o answer_n of_o he_o i_o shall_v first_o show_v you_o the_o improbability_n of_o his_o supposition_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n shall_v make_v use_n of_o no_o other_o confutation_n then_o what_o his_o own_o book_n will_v afford_v we_o as_o to_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n return_v and_o other_o thing_n he_o lay_v so_o much_o stress_n upon_o in_o the_o first_o place_n for_o the_o notion_n of_o sheriff_n send_v precept_n to_o what_o city_n and_o burrough_n they_o please_v and_o consequent_o make_v as_o few_o or_o as_o many_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n as_o they_o will_v that_o this_o be_v not_o so_o at_o first_o be_v evident_a from_o those_o very_a writ_n of_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v not_o then_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n for_o any_o more_o than_o to_o the_o county_n but_o as_o for_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n they_o be_v then_o direct_v to_o themselves_o and_o he_o also_o confess_v that_o this_o continue_v so_o from_o that_o time_n till_o the_o 23d_o of_o edward_n i._o so_o that_o all_o this_o while_n be_v about_o 28_o year_n it_o seem_v the_o nomination_n of_o what_o city_n and_o town_n shall_v send_v member_n to_o parliament_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o sheriff_n but_o upon_o somewhat_o else_o and_o i_o have_v ask_v you_o once_o though_o without_o receive_v any_o answer_n what_o rule_n simon_n montfort_n go_v by_o to_o tell_v what_o city_n and_o burrough_n be_v to_o send_v member_n and_o what_o not_o since_o the_o word_n be_v only_o in_o general_n de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la burgo_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o pray_v answer_v i_o now_o if_o you_o can_v m._n i_o conceive_v in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o city_n simon_n montfort_n send_v to_o those_o that_o be_v ancient_o esteem_v so_o viz._n such_o as_o have_v bishop_n see_v annex_v to_o they_o such_o as_o london_n lincoln_n and_o particular_o name_v in_o these_o writ_n and_o other_o of_o the_o same_o rank_n and_o as_o for_o the_o burrough_n though_o we_o have_v not_o the_o return_n of_o they_o leave_v we_o yet_o i_o suppose_v they_o be_v such_o wall_v or_o other_o town_n as_o be_v of_o some_o considerable_a note_n in_o england_n such_o as_o he_o think_v be_v most_o proper_a for_o his_o turn_n f._n that_o this_o can_v be_v no_o rule_n appear_v by_o this_o clear_a proof_n first_o that_o neither_o coventry_n and_o litchfield_n though_o the_o see_v of_o the_o bishop_n be_v not_o count_v city_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o nor_o long_v after_o nor_o yet_o ely_n for_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o list_n that_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v give_v we_o that_o it_o never_o send_v burgess_n but_o only_o once_o and_o that_o to_o a_o great_a council_n till_o of_o late_a year_n so_o that_o the_o see_v of_o the_o bishop_n be_v it_o seem_v no_o general_a rule_n to_o make_v place_n capable_a of_o send_v or_o not_o send_v of_o citizen_n to_o parliament_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o to_o burrough_n that_o be_v pure_a imagination_n that_o none_o but_o considerable_a or_o wall_a town_n send_v any_o burgess_n at_o first_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o list_n of_o return_n which_o mr._n pryn_n have_v here_o give_v we_o of_o the_o 26_o and_o 28_o of_o edward_n i._n which_o be_v the_o first_o extant_a for_o aught_o i_o know_v except_o those_o of_o 23d_o which_o i_o have_v never_o yet_o see_v beside_o the_o shire_n town_n of_o the_o county_n there_o be_v return_n of_o a_o great_a many_o small_a burrough_n which_o never_o have_v any_o wall_n nor_o yet_o for_o aught_o as_o we_o can_v find_v have_v any_o thing_n remarkable_a to_o make_v they_o be_v pircht_v upon_o to_o send_v burgess_n more_o than_o other_o but_o of_o these_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o by_o and_o by_o only_o shall_v remark_n this_o much_o that_o there_o must_v have_v have_v be_v some_o other_o rule_v beside_o montfort_v own_o will_n for_o all_o this_o and_o what_o this_o rule_n can_v be_v unless_o a_o ancient_a prescription_n in_o those_o town_n to_o send_v member_n i_o desire_v you_o or_o your_o dr._n will_v show_v any_o good_a reason_n or_o authority_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o after_o the_o 23d_o of_o edward_n the_o i._o when_o mr._n prin_fw-mi suppose_v that_o the_o sheriff_n by_o this_o general_a clause_n in_o the_o writ_n begin_v to_o take_v upon_o they_o this_o new_a authority_n of_o send_v precept_n to_o and_o make_v burrough_n of_o what_o town_n they_o please_v this_o can_v not_o in_o the_o first_o place_n extend_v to_o such_o as_o be_v before_o that_o county_n of_o themselves_o such_o as_o london_n york_z bristol_n etc._n etc._n nor_o yet_o such_o as_o be_v ancient_a and_o
find_v they_o and_o for_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o appeal_n to_o mr._n petyt_n who_o assure_v i_o he_o find_v the_o return_v of_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n of_o the_o 23d_o of_o ed._n i._n in_o a_o old_a chest_n in_o the_o exchequer_n among_o other_o thing_n of_o a_o quite_o different_a nature_n which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi never_o see_v or_o else_o certain_o he_o will_v have_v give_v in_o the_o return_v to_o this_o parliament_n 33._o as_o well_o as_o he_o do_v the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o it_o and_o yet_o that_o even_o these_o be_v not_o always_o enter_v upon_o the_o clause-roll_n but_o lay_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o white-tower_n mr._n prin_fw-mi himself_n confess_v in_o his_o introduction_n to_o his_o three_o part_n of_o his_o parliamentary_a register_n that_o he_o find_v no_o less_o than_o ninety_o five_o loose_a original_a writ_n for_o election_n and_o return_v of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n and_o great_a council_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o ed._n 3._o which_o be_v never_o enter_v on_o the_o clause-roll_n and_o lay_v there_o until_o he_o find_v they_o bury_v in_o dust_n and_o rubbish_n as_o well_o as_o oblivion_n in_o a_o confuse_a chaos_n scatter_v from_o each_o other_o and_o intermix_v with_o many_o hundred_o thousand_o of_o other_o writ_n and_o record_n of_o various_a kind_n now_o what_o if_o these_o writ_n and_o return_v have_v never_o be_v find_v so_o that_o by_o his_o own_o show_v it_o be_v no_o way_n certain_a that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o such_o writ_n issue_v or_o return_v make_v for_o the_o county_n city_n and_o burrough_n than_o those_o he_o have_v before_o sound_a and_o publish_v and_o he_o himself_o also_o here_o confess_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o negligence_n of_o record-keeper_n there_o be_v more_o writ_n and_o return_v of_o election_n extant_a from_o some_o county_n than_o for_o other_o though_o all_o have_v the_o like_a writ_n send_v they_o and_o if_o this_o be_v so_o as_o to_o the_o county_n it_o be_v likewise_o so_o as_o to_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n the_o return_n of_o which_o be_v common_o endorse_v on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o precept_n and_o where_o they_o be_v not_o so_o endorse_v be_v much_o more_o likely_a to_o be_v lose_v and_o far_o that_o the_o clause_n roll_n be_v no_o exact_a rule_n for_o the_o summons_n of_o knight_n or_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n and_o burgess_n 243._o appear_v by_o mr._n prins_n own_o show_v viz._n that_o there_o be_v no_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n enter_v on_o the_o clause_n roll_n for_o most_o part_n of_o the_o year_n of_o edward_n 1_o 2_o and_o 3d._n in_o the_o list_n he_o have_v here_o give_v we_o of_o those_o year_n now_o if_o so_o many_o considerable_a burrough_n as_o the_o cinque_fw-fr burrough_n can_v be_v thus_o omit_v what_o can_v we_o expect_v for_o most_o of_o the_o small_a and_o most_o inconsiderable_a burrough_n in_o england_n to_o conclude_v this_o head_n if_o by_o mr._n prins_n own_o confession_n the_o entry_n of_o election_n and_o return_v upon_o the_o clause_n roll_n be_v so_o very_o imperfect_a and_o that_o the_o loose_a bundle_n of_o summons_n precept_n and_o return_v be_v far_o more_o imperfect_a so_o many_o of_o they_o be_v lose_v pray_v tell_v i_o how_o can_v mr._n prin_fw-mi or_o any_o one_o else_o can_v frame_v any_o argument_n from_o these_o that_o remain_v that_o there_o be_v never_o no_o more_o precept_n and_o return_v from_o any_o burrough_n than_o those_o he_o have_v publish_v we_o but_o to_o come_v to_o his_o three_o rank_n of_o burrough_n viz._n such_o as_o for_o who_o their_o appear_v no_o precept_n nor_o return_v till_o the_o reign_v of_o edward_n the_o second_o edward_n the_o 3d._n and_o other_o succeed_a king_n 227._o all_o which_o burrough_n he_o therefore_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v all_o new_o make_v in_o those_o king_n reign_n because_o there_o be_v no_o precept_n or_o return_v from_o they_o soon_o it_o must_v there_o follow_v that_o the_o sheriff_n make_v all_o these_o burrough_n at_o their_o pleasure_n but_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v do_v well_o here_o to_o add_v that_o they_o never_o elect_v or_o return_v any_o before_o for_o aught_o he_o can_v find_v to_o the_o contrary_a since_o it_o may_v appear_v to_o the_o contrary_n for_o aught_o he_o can_v tell_v if_o the_o return_n of_o the_o sheriff_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o former_a king_n have_v not_o be_v so_o many_o of_o they_o lose_v since_o he_o here_o confess_v there_o be_v no_o original_a writ_n and_o return_v for_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n to_o be_v find_v before_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o 3d_o who_o yet_o send_v member_n to_o all_o parliament_n in_o former_a king_n reign_v or_o how_o can_v he_o tell_v but_o divers_a of_o these_o town_n may_v have_v be_v create_v burrough_n by_o the_o king_n special_a writ_n or_o charter_n though_o now_o lose_v or_o perhaps_o unknown_a to_o this_o author_n who_o can_v not_o be_v suppose_v to_o understand_v the_o original_a of_o all_o the_o burrough_n in_o england_n their_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n but_o that_o he_o be_v certain_o mistake_v in_o make_v several_a burrough_n to_o have_v be_v but_o new_a because_o no_o return_v be_v to_o be_v find_v from_o they_o before_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o may_v appear_v by_o these_o for_o example_n first_o litchfield_n which_o be_v long_o before_o that_o time_n a_o bishop_n see_v and_o sure_o then_o if_o not_o a_o city_n yet_o a_o ancient_a and_o considerable_a burrough_n second_o old_a sarum_n which_o be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o a_o bishop_n see_v till_o it_o be_v remove_v and_o so_o consequent_o by_o your_o rule_n new_a sarum_n aught_o to_o pass_v for_o a_o city_n and_o if_o not_o be_v certain_o a_o very_a ancient_a burrough_n and_o as_o such_o send_v burgess_n by_o prescription_n to_o this_o day_n though_o the_o town_n be_v quite_o destroy_v the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v of_o gatton_n in_o surrey_n which_o tho_o mr._n prin_fw-mi will_v have_v but_o to_o be_v a_o new_a burrough_n because_o no_o return_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v make_v for_o it_o by_o the_o sheriff_n till_o the_o reign_v of_o henry_n the_o 6_o yet_o this_o be_v no_o certain_a rule_n since_o it_o be_v a_o very_a old_a burrough_n and_o have_v ancient_o be_v so_o considerable_a as_o that_o we_o find_v several_a great_a council_n hold_v at_o it_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n though_o it_o be_v certain_o now_o reduce_v to_o a_o small_a hamlet_n of_o half_a a_o score_n house_n now_o i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o to_o judge_v whether_o the_o sheriff_n will_v have_v pitch_v upon_o so_o small_a and_o inconsiderable_a a_o place_n as_o this_o to_o make_v a_o burrow_n of_o have_v it_o never_o send_v any_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o that_o time_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o those_o gentleman_n that_o know_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o town_n he_o have_v there_o mention_v with_o gatton_n can_v say_v as_o much_o for_o the_o antiquity_n as_o burrough_n if_o you_o please_v to_o inquire_v about_o they_o but_o i_o have_v hold_v you_o too_o long_o upon_o this_o head_n and_o therefore_o shall_v proceed_v to_o those_o two_o that_o remain_v viz._n the_o ambition_n of_o neighbour_a gentleman_n to_o make_v as_o many_o burrough_n as_o they_o can_v that_o they_o may_v be_v choose_v at_o they_o and_o the_o desire_n of_o such_o town_n to_o be_v make_v burrough_n to_o receive_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o money_n spend_v among_o they_o at_o such_o election_n the_o first_o of_o these_o in_o the_o time_n we_o be_v now_o speak_v of_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o their_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o before_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o 8_o none_o be_v elect_v for_o any_o city_n or_o town_n but_o person_n free_a of_o or_o actual_o resident_n in_o such_o city_n and_o burrough_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o henry_n the_o 5_o which_o do_v but_o recite_v and_o confirm_v this_o ancient_a custom_n so_o that_o this_o trick_n of_o choose_v member_n for_o beeâ—_n and_o ale_n have_v be_v introduce_v but_o of_o late_a age_n viz._n since_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o 8_o when_o gentleman_n begin_v first_o to_o be_v choose_v for_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o if_o that_o be_v so_o the_o last_o cause_n fall_v off_o itself_o viz._n the_o desire_n of_o such_o small_a town_n to_o elect_n since_o if_o they_o can_v get_v nothing_o but_o rather_o loose_v by_o their_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n and_o pay_v they_o their_o wage_n as_o they_o must_v do_v as_o long_o as_o they_o choose_v from_o among_o themselves_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o believe_v
that_o they_o ever_o shall_v desire_v this_o as_o a_o privilege_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v only_o since_o the_o neglect_n of_o this_o good_a old_a law_n for_o wage_n that_o so_o many_o burrough_n which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi hear_v mention_n to_o have_v have_v precept_n again_o send_v they_o of_o late_a year_n to_o elect_a member_n after_o some_o age_n intermission_n desire_v to_o have_v this_o privilege_n renew_v to_o they_o as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o those_o burrough_n he_o here_o mention_n which_o yet_o certain_o have_v be_v very_o gross_a 238._o and_o contrary_a to_o all_o common_a right_n if_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o have_v not_o then_o believe_v those_o burrough_n to_o have_v a_o have_v high_a right_o by_o prescription_n than_o the_o sheriff_n precept_n give_v they_o as_o for_o the_o last_o rank_n viz._n those_o burrough_n create_v by_o the_o writ_n or_o charter_n of_o our_o king_n i_o need_v say_v but_o little_a since_o this_o author_n here_o grant_v such_o creation_n to_o have_v be_v good_a before_o the_o statute_n of_o 5_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o but_o not_o since_o though_o i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n for_o it_o why_o he_o shall_v give_v the_o sheriff_n such_o power_n of_o make_v new_a burrough_n after_o this_o statute_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n 6_o as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o gatton_n and_o those_o other_o burrough_n he_o there_o mention_n with_o it_o and_o yet_o deny_v this_o king_n the_o like_a prerogative_n but_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o as_o i_o will_v not_o say_v there_o be_v none_o so_o be_v there_o but_o very_o few_o example_n of_o charter_n that_o confer_v upon_o any_o city_n or_o burrough_n a_o power_n to_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n who_o have_v it_o not_o before_o by_o prescription_n though_o i_o grant_v that_o privilege_n may_v be_v mention_v in_o the_o charter_n and_o so_o put_v it_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o major_n and_o alderman_n to_o elect_a for_o the_o future_a when_o it_o be_v the_o whole_a populace_n or_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o town_n that_o be_v to_o elect_a before_o but_o to_o show_v you_o from_o the_o very_a statute_n themselves_o that_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v here_o cite_v that_o the_o right_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n be_v not_o ancient_o look_v upon_o to_o have_v have_v no_o other_o original_a than_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o sheriff_n pray_v read_v these_o clause_n of_o the_o statute_n he_o have_v here_o quote_v 241._o the_o first_o be_v that_o memorable_a statute_n of_o the_o 5_o of_o richard_n 2d_o 2d_o parl._n c._n 5._o now_o mention_v and_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v which_o express_o enact_v that_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n and_o commonalty_n which_o from_o henceforth_o shall_v for_o time_n to_o come_v have_v summons_n of_o parliament_n shall_v come_v from_o henceforth_o as_o before_o to_o parliament_n in_o the_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v and_o have_v be_v accustom_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n of_o old_a time_n and_o whatever_o person_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n which_o from_o henceforth_o shall_v have_v the_o say_a summons_n be_v he_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_z prior_n duke_n earl_n baron_n banneret_n knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n of_o city_n burgess_n of_o burgh_n or_o other_o singular_a person_n or_o commonalty_n do_v absent_a himself_o and_o come_v not_o at_o the_o say_a summons_n except_o he_o may_v reasonable_o and_o lawful_o excuse_v himself_o to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n he_o shall_v be_v amerce_v and_o otherwise_o punish_v according_a as_o of_o old_a time_n have_v be_v use_v to_o be_v do_v within_o the_o say_a realm_n in_o the_o say_a case_n and_o if_o any_o sheriff_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v henceforth_o negligent_a in_o make_v his_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o parliament_n or_o that_o he_o shall_v leave_v out_o of_o the_o say_v return_v any_o city_n or_o burrough_n which_o be_v bind_v and_o of_o old_a time_n be_v wont_a to_o come_v to_o parliament_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v in_o the_o manner_n as_o be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o old_a time_n in_o the_o french_a do_v anciente_a from_o which_o statute_n we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n first_o that_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v as_o suppose_v by_o this_o statute_n to_o have_v a_o like_v right_o to_o have_v summons_n to_o parliament_n as_o have_v be_v accustom_v of_o old_a time_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n spiritual_n and_o temporal_a here_o mention_v second_o that_o by_o these_o word_n have_v be_v accustom_v of_o old_a time_n or_o do_v anciente_a we_o be_v to_o understand_v a_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n that_o be_v by_o prescription_n so_o that_o if_o the_o bishop_n abbott_n and_o temporal_a lord_n be_v here_o acknowledge_v to_o have_v have_v a_o right_a to_o sit_v in_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n so_o have_v the_o commons_o likewise_o by_o the_o same_o word_n equal_o apply_v to_o all_o the_o order_n here_o mention_v last_o that_o if_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v neglect_v in_o make_v return_n to_o any_o such_o city_n and_o burrough_n which_o be_v thus_o bind_v to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n of_o old_a time_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v in_o all_o time_n past_a or_o do_v anciente_a now_o pray_v tell_v with_o what_o colour_n of_o justice_n the_o sheriff_n can_v be_v thus_o punish_v if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o certain_a rule_n to_o know_v what_o â—_z and_o burrough_n be_v bind_v to_o come_v to_o parliament_n of_o old_a time_n but_o it_o have_v be_v whole_o leave_v at_o the_o sheriff_n discretion_n which_o they_o shall_v summons_n and_o which_o they_o will_v omit_v let_v we_o next_o compare_v this_o with_o the_o statute_n of_o 23d_o of_o henry_n 6_o c._n 15._o which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v here_o also_o give_v we_o recite_v that_o divers_a sheriff_n of_o county_n have_v sometime_o return_v none_o of_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n lawful_o choose_v to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n but_o such_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v be_v return_v which_o be_v never_o due_o choose_v and_o other_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n than_o those_o which_o by_o the_o mayor_n and_o bailiff_n be_v to_o the_o say_a sheriff_n return_v and_o moreover_o by_o no_o precept_n to_o the_o mayor_n and_o bailift_n or_o to_o the_o bailiff_n or_o bailiâ—â—i_n where_o no_o mayor_n be_v for_o the_o elect_v of_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o then_o appoint_v the_o penalty_n for_o the_o say_a abuse_n and_o neglect_v now_o pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o whether_o this_o bare_a abuse_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o neglect_v of_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o office_n here_o condemn_v by_o this_o statute_n and_o for_o which_o the_o former_a statute_n of_o richard_n ii_o declare_v they_o punishable_a at_o common_a law_n as_o this_o act_n make_v they_o liable_a to_o it_o by_o statute_n law_n can_v give_v they_o such_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n as_o this_o author_n fancy_n much_o less_o can_v serve_v to_o corroborate_v his_o opinion_n as_o he_o here_o suppose_v it_o do_v concern_v the_o true_a original_n continuance_n discontinuance_n revive_v and_o antiquate_v parliamentary_a city_n and_o burrough_n not_o by_o charter_n and_o patent_n from_o the_o king_n or_o prescription_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n but_o by_o the_o sheriff_n arbitrary_a power_n and_o return_v by_o the_o forecited_a general_a clause_n in_o the_o writ_n but_o since_o i_o confess_v i_o have_v dwell_v too_o long_o on_o my_o answer_n to_o mr._n prin_n argument_n i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o only_o give_v you_o one_o record_n which_o i_o hope_v will_v sufficient_o satisfy_v you_o that_o not_o only_a st._n alban_n but_o several_a other_o ancient_n burrough_n claim_v to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n which_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n or_o commission_n recite_v a_o peâ—ition_n of_o the_o town_n of_o barnstaple_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o his_o council_n in_o parliament_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o patent-roll_n of_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n dorso_fw-la set_v forth_o that_o the_o say_a town_n have_v be_v a_o free_a burrough_n à _fw-la tempore_fw-la câ—jus_fw-la contrarii_fw-la memoria_fw-la non_fw-la exisâ—it_fw-la and_o as_o such_o enjoy_v divers_a liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n by_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n athelstan_n and_o this_o among_o other_o ac_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la singula_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la nâ—stra_fw-la &_o dictorum_fw-la antecessorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la among_o which_o the_o say_a king_n athelstan_n must_v certain_o be_v reckon_v for_o one_o duos_fw-la burgenses_n pro_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la burgi_n mittere_fw-la solebant_fw-la and_o therefore_o
that_o charter_n be_v lose_v they_o desire_v a_o confirmation_n of_o it_o from_o the_o king_n whereupon_o he_o by_o this_o commission_n direct_v a_o writ_n of_o enquiry_n to_o several_a gentleman_n and_o other_o therein_o mention_v to_o inquire_v if_o the_o say_a burgess_n have_v enjoy_v all_o those_o liberty_n so_o grant_v by_o the_o say_a charter_n of_o king_n athelstan_n or_o not_o which_o will_v have_v be_v ridiculous_a if_o the_o king_n and_o council_n have_v be_v satisfy_v that_o no_o city_n and_o burroughs_n scent_n any_o member_n to_o parliament_n under_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o not_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o this_o authority_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o barâ—staple_n be_v one_o of_o mr._n prin_n modern_a burrough_n for_o which_o he_o can_v find_v no_o precept_n or_o return_v early_o than_o the_o 26_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o though_o no_o doubt_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o their_o petition_n in_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n it_o have_v send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n many_o age_n before_o though_o the_o precept_n and_o return_v upon_o they_o be_v all_o lose_v and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n do_v thus_o claim_v by_o prescription_n but_o that_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n have_v always_o claim_v the_o same_o privilege_n may_v appear_v by_o another_o petition_n of_o the_o commons_o house_n extant_a on_o the_o parliament-roll_n of_o the_o 51th_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o 45._o which_o i_o shall_v contract_v and_o put_v into_o english_a out_o of_o french_a recite_v thus_o because_o of_o common_a right_n in_o the_o roll_n de_fw-fr commune_fw-la dâ—oit_fw-fr of_o the_o realm_n there_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v elect_v two_o from_o every_o county_n of_o england_n to_o come_v to_o parliament_n for_o the_o commune_fw-la of_o the_o say_a county_n and_o also_o the_o prelate_n duke_n baron_n count_n baron_n and_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o barony_n which_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v summon_v by_o writ_n to_o come_v to_o parliament_n except_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o ought_v to_o elect_a from_o among_o themselves_o such_o as_o ought_v to_o answer_v for_o they_o whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o commons_o than_o claim_v to_o come_v to_o parliament_n of_o common_a right_n that_o be_v by_o common_a law_n or_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n as_o much_o as_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o great_a lord_n 2._o that_o neither_o the_o bishop_n lord_n nor_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o authority_n to_o impose_v tax_n or_o make_v law_n for_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n or_o these_o for_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n without_o their_o consent_n because_o they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o representative_n of_o their_o own_o order_n to_o answer_v for_o they_o in_o parliament_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v this_o will_v have_v be_v absolute_o convince_a can_v we_o have_v see_v this_o charter_n of_o k._n athelstans_n but_o since_o the_o townsman_n of_o barnstaple_n do_v only_o in_o their_o petition_n among_o other_o set_v forth_o this_o privilege_n of_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n now_o who_o can_v tell_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n in_o their_o charter_n or_o not_o since_o they_o confess_v they_o have_v lose_v it_o or_o grant_v it_o be_v as_o they_o set_v forth_o yet_o be_v will_v sufficient_o evince_v that_o the_o right_n of_o city_n and_o burrough_n to_o send_v their_o representative_n to_o parliament_n be_v not_o as_o you_o suppose_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o government_n but_o have_v its_o original_a from_o the_o grant_n and_o charter_n of_o former_a king_n f._n as_o to_o these_o objection_n we_o can_v have_v but_o all_o the_o proof_n that_o this_o subject_n be_v capable_a of_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n of_o time_n but_o if_o i_o be_v a_o juryman_n in_o this_o matter_n i_o shall_v rather_o believe_v that_o the_o town_n of_o barnstaple_n have_v such_o charter_n not_o long_o before_o they_o make_v this_o petition_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o clause_n therein_o as_o they_o here_o set_v forth_o than_o that_o these_o townsman_n shall_v be_v so_o impudent_a as_o to_o desire_v a_o new_a charter_n of_o confirmation_n from_o he_o of_o all_o their_o privilege_n of_o which_o this_o of_o elect_v burgess_n be_v one_o if_o there_o have_v never_o be_v any_o such_o clause_n in_o it_o at_o all_o but_o as_o for_o the_o other_o objection_n that_o if_o it_o be_v so_o than_o it_o appear_v that_o all_o the_o right_a of_o city_n and_o burrough_n send_v member_n to_o parliament_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o grant_n and_o charter_n of_o former_a king_n it_o be_v very_o fallacious_a as_o you_o will_v find_v if_o you_o consider_v and_o compare_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n to_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o as_o to_o the_o first_o of_o they_o i_o prove_v to_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o christianity_n itself_o among_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o as_o for_o the_o priesthood_n and_o nobility_n in_o general_n to_o have_v be_v as_o old_a as_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n itself_o now_o though_o you_o grant_v that_o long_a before_o the_o conquest_n our_o king_n have_v the_o nomination_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o also_o the_o make_n of_o alderman_n earls_z and_o thanes_z who_o make_v the_o temporal_a nobility_n in_o those_o great_a council_n will_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o because_o our_o king_n be_v thus_o entrust_v by_o the_o people_n with_o this_o prerogative_n of_o name_v and_o invest_v bishop_n and_o abbot_n per_fw-la annulum_fw-la &_o baculum_fw-la and_o also_o of_o create_v those_o great_a man_n now_o mention_v that_o therefore_o all_o the_o right_a either_o order_n have_v to_o appear_v at_o those_o council_n not_o only_o proceed_v from_o but_o depend_v whole_o on_o the_o 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necessary_a consequence_n of_o your_o sense_n of_o this_o oath_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n and_o consider_v the_o late_a scene_n of_o affair_n i_o dare_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o any_o indifferent_a foreiner_n though_o a_o papist_n which_o be_v most_o likely_a before_o the_o unexpected_a come_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n into_o this_o kingdom_n that_o the_o people_n shall_v rise_v up_o in_o arm_n and_o expel_v the_o king_n from_o his_o throne_n or_o that_o he_o shall_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o pretend_a sense_n of_o this_o oath_n back_v by_o your_o doctrine_n of_o passive_a obedience_n have_v enslave_v this_o nation_n and_o set_v up_o what_o government_n and_o religion_n he_o please_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v give_v a_o very_a cunning_n and_o specious_a gloss_n upon_o the_o word_n of_o this_o oath_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o but_o whether_o it_o be_v legal_a or_o not_o i_o very_o 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person_n and_o which_o if_o not_o allow_v will_v draw_v much_o worse_a consequence_n along_o with_o it_o and_o therefore_o as_o for_o the_o just_a right_n and_o liberty_n we_o contend_v for_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o be_v contain_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o the_o petition_n of_o right_n and_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o immemorial_n right_n and_o liberty_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o that_o first_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o safety_n of_o man_n life_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o their_o person_n aly_a the_o security_n of_o their_o estate_n and_o civil_a property_n and_o 3_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o their_o religion_n as_o it_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n all_o which_o i_o will_v reduce_v to_o these_o plain_a proposition_n 1._o that_o no_o freeman_n of_o england_n ought_v to_o be_v imprison_v or_o arrest_v contrary_a to_o law_n freeman_n without_o specify_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o commitment_n in_o the_o warrant_n or_o 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the_o kingdom_n in_o any_o case_n unless_o by_o some_o know_a law_n already_o make_v whereby_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o abjure_v it_o upon_o a_o lawful_a trial_n by_o his_o peer_n and_o conviction_n by_o his_o own_o confession_n 2._o nor_o can_v the_o king_n nor_o any_o court_n of_o justice_n condemn_v a_o man_n to_o loss_n of_o life_n or_o member_n without_o due_a trial_n by_o his_o peer_n and_o legal_a judgement_n give_v thereupon_o and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o the_o petition_n of_o right_n which_o be_v both_o but_o declaratory_a of_o the_o common-law_n of_o englandâ—_n see_v therefore_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 29._o whereby_o it_o be_v declare_v and_o enact_v that_o no_o freeman_n may_v be_v take_v and_o imprison_v or_o be_v disseise_v of_o his_o freehold_n or_o liberty_n or_o his_o free_a custom_n or_o be_v outlaw_v or_o exile_v or_o in_o any_o manner_n destroy_v but_o by_o the_o lawful_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o be_v also_o far_o confirm_v and_o explain_v by_o these_o statute_n viz._n the_o 37_o 38_o 42._o of_o edward_n iii_o and_o 17._o of_o richard_n the_o ii_o all_o which_o be_v sum_v up_o 6._o and_o more_o particular_o declare_v against_o contrary_a to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o petition_n of_o right_o exhibit_v to_o king_n charles_n the_o i._o in_o parliament_n in_o the_o thirty_o of_o his_o reign_n wherein_o the_o late_a imprisonment_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n without_o any_o cause_n show_v and_o the_o denial_n of_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la be_v express_o resent_v as_o also_o put_v soldier_n and_o mariner_n to_o death_n by_o martial_a law_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o the_o king_n answer_n to_o this_o petition_n be_v remarkable_a
the_o king_n will_v that_o right_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n 625._o etc._n etc._n which_o not_o satisfy_v as_o too_o doubtful_a and_o general_a the_o king_n at_o last_o give_v this_o full_a and_o clear_a answer_n in_o legal_a â—orm_n soit_fw-fr droit_n fait_fw-fr commâ—_n il_fw-fr est_fw-fr desirè_fw-la the_o second_o point_n in_o relation_n to_o our_o civil_a property_n be_v this_o that_o no_o tax_n taillage_n or_o aid_n shall_v be_v lay_v or_o levy_v by_o the_o king_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n knight_n burgess_n and_o whole_a commonalty_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o parliament_n this_o be_v first_o of_o all_o grant_v by_o the_o 56th_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v as_o also_o more_o particular_o forbid_v by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la in_o the_o 34th_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o be_v but_o a_o revival_n or_o explanation_n of_o the_o former_a law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o and_o also_o by_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o person_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o make_v any_o loan_n to_o the_o king_n against_o his_o will_n because_o they_o be_v against_o reason_n and_o the_o franchise_n of_o the_o land_n and_o it_o be_v also_o provide_v that_o none_o shall_v be_v charge_v by_o any_o charge_n or_o imposition_n call_v a_o benevolence_n nor_o by_o such_o like_a charge_n which_o be_v also_o more_o full_o set_v forth_o in_o the_o say_a petition_n of_o right_n to_o have_v be_v late_o execute_v by_o certain_a commissioner_n as_o also_o that_o divers_a other_o charge_n have_v be_v lay_v and_o levy_v by_o lords-lieutenant_n deputy-lieutenant_n etc._n etc._n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o free_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o three_o point_n declare_v against_o in_o this_o petition_n of_o right_n be_v against_o quarter_a of_o soldier_n though_o 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legislative_a power_n of_o parliament_n be_v the_o very_a soul_n and_o essence_n of_o the_o government_n the_o election_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o sit_v and_o serve_v in_o parliament_n aught_o to_o be_v free_a and_o all_o the_o member_n of_o parliament_n who_o have_v place_n there_o either_o by_o patent_n or_o writ_n of_o summons_n as_o the_o lord_n or_o else_o by_o election_n or_o writ_n as_o the_o bishop_n ought_v to_o be_v present_a and_o there_o to_o have_v freedom_n of_o speech_n and_o vote_n without_o any_o guard_n to_o over-awe_n or_o terrify_v they_o and_o none_o to_o be_v force_v threaten_a bribe_v or_o tamper_v with_o to_o give_v their_o vote_n contrary_a to_o their_o conscience_n either_o by_o the_o king_n or_o any_o of_o his_o minister_n this_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o stat._n of_o westm._n 1_o chap._n 5._o whereby_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o all_o election_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a which_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o this_o statute_n extend_v to_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o other_o election_n since_o i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o elect_v member_n to_o parliament_n when_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o england_n 36._o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o roll_n of_o parliament_n 1_o hen._n 4._o wherein_o it_o be_v allege_v as_o by_o the_o parliament_n as_o one_o of_o the_o article_n against_o richard_n the_o second_o in_o these_o word_n item_n licet_fw-la de_fw-la stato_fw-la &_o consuttudine_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la in_o convocatione_n enjuslibet_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la populus_fw-la suus_fw-la in_o singulis_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la debeat_fw-la esse_fw-la libre_fw-la ad_fw-la eligendum_fw-la &_o deputandum_fw-la milites_fw-la pro_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la ad_fw-la inter_fw-la â—ssendum_fw-la parliamentis_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la exponendum_fw-la corum_fw-la gravamina_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la prosequendum_fw-la pro_fw-la remediis_fw-la superinde_v prout_fw-la videntur_fw-la expedire_fw-la tamen_fw-la praefatus_fw-la rex_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o parliamentis_fw-la suis_fw-la liberius_fw-la consequi_fw-la valeat_fw-la suae_fw-la temerariae_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la effectum_fw-la direxit_fw-la mandata_fw-la sua_fw-la frequentius_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la ejus_fw-la ut_fw-la certas_fw-la personas_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la nominatas_fw-la ut_fw-la milites_fw-la câ—mitatuum_fw-la venirâ—_fw-it saciant_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la sua_fw-la quos_fw-la quidem_fw-la milites_fw-la eidem_fw-la regi_fw-la faventes_fw-la inducâ—re_fw-la poterat_fw-la prout_fw-la frequentius_fw-la fecit_fw-la quandoque_fw-la pro_fw-la minas_fw-la varias_fw-la &_o terrores_fw-la &_o quandoque_fw-la per_fw-la munera_fw-la ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la illis_fw-la quâ—a_fw-la regno_fw-la praedicto_fw-la prâ—ejudicialia_fw-la fuerant_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la quam_fw-la plurimum_fw-la onerosa_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o you_o here_o may_v see_v that_o it_o be_v then_o judge_v by_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o be_v a_o brench_n of_o one_o of_o the_o fundamental_a liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o the_o king_n to_o make_v false_a return_n to_o be_v make_v of_o parliament-man_n as_o also_o to_o corrupt_v or_o over-awe_n their_o vote_n either_o by_o promise_n or_o threatening_n but_o to_o conclude_v that_o we_o have_v such_o thing_n as_o fundamental_a law_n and_o privilege_n i_o shall_v go_v no_o far_o than_o king_n james_n i._o his_o speech_n confirm_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n wherein_o it_o be_v recite_v that_o the_o king_n have_v vouchsafe_v to_o express_v many_o way_n how_o far_o it_o be_v and_o ever_o shall_v be_v from_o his_o royal_a and_o sincere_a care_n and_o affection_n to_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n to_o alter_v or_o innovate_v the_o fundamental_a law_n privilege_n and_o good_a custom_n of_o this_o kingdom_n whereby_o not_o only_o his_o royal_a authority_n but_o the_o people_n security_n of_o land_n live_n and_o privilege_n both_o in_o general_a and_o particular_a be_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v and_o by_o the_o abolish_n or_o alteration_n of_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o present_a confusion_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o whole_a state_n and_o â—rame_v of_o this_o realm_n so_o that_o if_o this_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n and_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n be_v true_a sure_o we_o may_v just_o suppose_v that_o thing_n of_o such_o vast_a concernment_n deserve_v our_o contend_v for_o by_o all_o mean_v possible_a and_o lawful_a to_o preserve_v they_o for_o what_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o land_n upon_o occasion_n once_o say_v with_o one_o voice_n in_o full_a parliament_n every_o freeborn_a subject_n of_o england_n may_v as_o well_o say_v at_o this_o day_n nolumus_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la mutari_fw-la which_o be_v a_o maxim_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v imprint_v upon_o the_o heart_n of_o all_o true_a englishman_n who_o as_o my_o lord_n bacon_n very_o well_o observe_v take_v themselves_o to_o have_v as_o good_a title_n to_o their_o law_n 43._o as_o to_o the_o
and_o lord_n lieutenant_n and_o if_o they_o have_v refuse_v to_o answer_v positive_o to_o those_o question_n propose_v to_o they_o i_o know_v no_o other_o penalty_n they_o have_v be_v liable_a to_o more_o than_o be_v put_v out_o of_o commission_n which_o sure_o be_v no_o punishment_n but_o rather_o a_o ease_n and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o defend_v those_o evil_a minister_n that_o put_v the_o king_n upon_o this_o method_n of_o distrust_v and_o disoblige_v his_o best_a protestant_a subject_n i_o mean_v those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n by_o put_v they_o out_o and_o put_v in_o either_o papist_n or_o fanatic_n in_o their_o stead_n yet_o all_o that_o own_o themselves_o of_o that_o communion_n aught_o to_o have_v be_v of_o more_o loyal_a principle_n than_o to_o have_v take_v up_o arm_n as_o some_o of_o they_o have_v do_v upon_o pretence_n of_o stand_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n declaration_n against_o these_o abuse_n f._n i_o see_v though_o you_o can_v direct_o justify_v the_o examine_n of_o the_o lord_n lieutenant_n and_o deputy_n lieutenant_n and_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n about_o take_v away_o the_o penal_a law_n and_o test_n and_o turn_v those_o out_o of_o commission_n that_o refuse_v yet_o you_o strive_v to_o mitigate_v it_o as_o far_o as_o you_o can_v by_o make_v it_o part_v of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n to_o put_v in_o and_o out_o what_o judge_n justices_z and_o other_o officer_n he_o please_v well_o grant_v this_o to_o be_v so_o yet_o sure_o you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o closit_n of_o judge_n and_o all_o other_o officer_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v and_o put_v those_o out_o of_o commission_n that_o refuse_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n will_v and_o that_o for_o no_o other_o reason_n be_v sure_o a_o strange_a abuse_n of_o that_o prerogative_n and_o the_o excuse_v you_o make_v that_o the_o person_n examine_v have_v a_o liberty_n to_o refuse_v whether_o they_o will_v give_v any_o positive_a answer_n or_o not_o be_v yet_o more_o trivial_a since_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o as_o well_o those_o who_o give_v doubtful_a answer_n or_o refuse_v to_o make_v any_o answer_n at_o all_o be_v as_o much_o turn_v out_o as_o they_o who_o positive_o deny_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n demand_n so_o that_o no_o answer_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o satisfactory_a but_o such_o as_o seem_v to_o give_v up_o all_o freedom_n of_o election_n and_o vote_n in_o parliament_n none_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o king_n direction_n but_o such_o as_o will_v engage_v before_o hand_n to_o repeal_v the_o test_n and_o penal_a law_n and_o i_o think_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o king_n by_o thus_o examine_v all_o these_o magistrate_n and_o officer_n you_o now_o mention_v and_o by_o turn_v those_o out_o that_o refuse_v to_o comply_v do_v all_o he_o can_v to_o hinder_v the_o free_a election_n of_o member_n to_o serve_v in_o parliament_n and_o the_o freedom_n of_o give_v their_o vote_n when_o they_o come_v 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to_o influence_n election_n and_o to_o procure_v what_o person_n he_o desire_v to_o be_v return_v for_o parliament_n man_n be_v not_o this_o a_o grand_a breach_n of_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n thus_o to_o take_v away_o the_o legal_a right_n and_o privilege_n of_o these_o corporation_n for_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o to_o procure_v the_o king_n such_o parliament_n man_n as_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o m._n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n i_o forget_v to_o mention_v this_o soon_o and_o though_o i_o will_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o absolute_o to_o defend_v the_o legality_n of_o it_o much_o less_o the_o design_n for_o which_o it_o be_v do_v since_o i_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v in_o order_n to_o destroy_v or_o at_o least_o to_o humble_v the_o church_n of_o england_n yet_o since_o iâ—_n be_v do_v by_o colour_n of_o law_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n of_o king_n bench_n and_o no_o more_o than_o what_o have_v be_v former_o do_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n i_o can_v see_v how_o the_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n late_o in_o arm_n can_v defend_v their_o rise_n upon_o that_o ground_n unless_o they_o will_v also_o at_o the_o same_o time_n justify_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o plot_n and_o rebellion_n intend_v in_o the_o same_o reign_n and_o in_o which_o so_o many_o of_o the_o whig_n nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v deep_o engage_v f._n to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v say_v in_o vindication_n of_o this_o great_a violation_n of_o one_o of_o the_o fundamental_a right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n tell_v you_o that_o as_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o examine_v into_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n whether_o a_o corporation_n can_v forfeit_v its_o charter_n for_o misdemeanour_n or_o not_o much_o less_o shall_v i_o concern_v myself_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o or_o without_o colour_n of_o law_n or_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n of_o king_n bench_n since_o it_o be_v notorious_o know_v 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of_o those_o charter_n be_v either_o willing_o surrender_v by_o the_o member_n of_o those_o corporation_n or_o else_o be_v declare_v forfeit_v by_o due_a trial_n and_o judgement_n of_o law_n whereas_o it_o be_v much_o otherwise_o in_o this_o king_n time_n when_o notwithstanding_o that_o all_o the_o city_n and_o town_n corporate_a in_o england_n have_v but_o a_o few_o year_n before_o take_v out_o new_a charter_n to_o their_o great_a trouble_n and_o expense_n they_o be_v now_o summon_v anew_o to_o surrender_v these_o again_o for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o because_o it_o be_v the_o king_n pleasure_n it_o shall_v be_v so_o for_o who_o can_v imagine_v that_o all_o the_o corporation_n of_o england_n can_v have_v forfeit_v their_o charter_n in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n as_o three_o or_o four_o year_n and_o they_o be_v plain_o tell_v that_o the_o king_n must_v and_o will_v have_v they_o and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o stand_v out_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n 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then_o time_n enough_o and_o not_o till_o then_o for_o the_o nation_n to_o have_v call_v in_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o his_o dutc-hmen_a to_o their_o deliverance_n so_o that_o till_o this_o parliament_n have_v be_v try_v you_o can_v not_o say_v that_o matter_n be_v altogether_o desperate_a f._n i_o see_v you_o do_v all_o you_o can_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o king_n raise_v a_o army_n wherein_o he_o have_v list_a so_o many_o popish_a officer_n and_o soldier_n and_o which_o be_v like_a to_o be_v daily_o increase_v upon_o we_o be_v no_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o nation_n because_o they_o have_v not_o yet_o actual_o rob_v or_o murder_v people_n and_o you_o may_v with_o as_o much_o reason_n tell_v i_o that_o a_o thief_n upon_o the_o highway_n do_v not_o use_v any_o violence_n upon_o the_o party_n he_o rob_v if_o he_o shall_v only_o clap_v a_o coked_a pistol_n to_o his_o breast_n without_o ask_v he_o to_o deliver_v his_o money_n now_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o 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renounce_v all_o allegiance_n to_o his_o majesty_n by_o adhere_v to_o a_o foreign_a prince_n and_o by_o their_o late_a advise_v the_o same_o prince_n to_o call_v a_o free_a parliament_n without_o take_v any_o notice_n of_o the_o king_n or_o make_v any_o more_o address_n to_o he_o about_o it_o than_o if_o he_o have_v never_o be_v their_o anoint_v sovereign_a and_o indeed_o it_o be_v a_o burn_a shame_n as_o well_o as_o a_o cry_a sin_n for_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o people_n in_o and_o about_o this_o great_a and_o populous_a city_n to_o let_v their_o king_n be_v hurry_v away_o prisoner_n by_o a_o handful_n of_o dutchman_n though_o his_o majesty_n have_v have_v since_o the_o good_a fortune_n to_o escape_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n when_o he_o see_v there_o be_v no_o other_o mean_n to_o fail_v he_o f._n in_o answer_n to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o that_o if_o the_o resistance_n that_o have_v be_v make_v against_o the_o army_n commission_v by_o the_o king_n be_v lawful_a so_o have_v all_o that_o have_v be_v do_v in_o pursuance_n of_o that_o resistance_n be_v alike_o lawful_a and_o necessary_a and_o therefore_o what_o if_o i_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o king_n by_o break_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o by_o twice_o go_v away_o without_o ever_o offer_v to_o repair_v those_o breach_n and_o give_v the_o nation_n any_o sufficient_a satisfaction_n for_o the_o same_o have_v not_o only_o put_v himself_o in_o a_o state_n of_o war_n against_o the_o people_n but_o have_v also_o thereby_o cease_v to_o be_v king_n or_o if_o you_o will_v have_v it_o more_o plain_o have_v lose_v and_o forfeit_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n m._n this_o be_v rare_a commonwealth_n doctrine_n and_o of_o the_o same_o batch_n with_o that_o of_o bradshaw_n and_o cook_n speech_n against_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o but_o i_o thank_v god_n i_o have_v learn_v loyale_a principle_n and_o do_v firm_o believe_v that_o a_o king_n of_o england_n can_v for_o any_o tyranny_n or_o breach_n of_o law_n whatsoever_o forfeit_v his_o crown_n or_o royal_a dignity_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o since_o this_o be_v a_o new_a doctrine_n i_o shall_v not_o be_v unwilling_a to_o hear_v what_o you_o have_v to_o say_v upon_o this_o subject_a another_o time_n since_o it_o be_v now_o too_o late_o to_o pursue_v this_o argument_n any_o further_o f._n before_o i_o make_v any_o reply_n to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v i_o desire_v not_o to_o be_v misunderstand_v as_o if_o i_o call_v all_o the_o king_n late_a army_n thief_n or_o himself_o the_o captain_n of_o they_o since_o in_o simile_n it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o they_o agree_v in_o some_o common_a property_n without_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o which_o they_o be_v compare_v though_o this_o much_o i_o may_v safe_o say_v that_o those_o that_o take_v free_a quarter_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o those_o who_o support_v they_o in_o it_o 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say_v that_o the_o king_n can_v be_v judge_v or_o depose_v by_o the_o parliament_n or_o people_n and_o that_o he_o have_v without_o any_o effect_n of_o we_o absolute_o abdicate_v the_o government_n and_o depose_v himself_o but_o that_o i_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o speak_v out_o of_o any_o prejudice_n to_o this_o king_n person_n or_o government_n i_o desire_v we_o may_v first_o debate_v it_o in_o general_n whether_o a_o king_n of_o england_n can_v ever_o fall_v from_o or_o forfeit_v his_o royal_a dignity_n let_v he_o behave_v himself_o never_o so_o like_o a_o tyrant_n and_o when_o that_o be_v dispatch_v it_o will_v be_v then_o time_n to_o consider_v whether_o the_o king_n have_v so_o behave_v himself_o or_o not_o m._n i_o like_v your_o proposal_n well_o enough_o only_o let_v i_o desire_v you_o to_o come_v again_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v for_o since_o i_o hear_v there_o be_v like_a to_o be_v no_o term_n i_o intend_v to_o go_v visit_v some_o friend_n in_o the_o country_n till_o i_o 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the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n i_o be_o come_v to_o one_o of_o the_o last_o part_n of_o my_o intend_a task_n which_o in_o pursuance_n of_o the_o last_o discourse_n of_o resistance_n be_v whither_o the_o late_a king_n james_n by_o any_o breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n make_v between_o his_o predecessor_n and_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n express_v by_o a_o notorious_a violation_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v forfeit_v his_o crown_n and_o royal_a dignity_n and_o have_v thereby_o discharge_v the_o nation_n from_o all_o allegiance_n to_o he_o in_o the_o discuss_n of_o which_o to_o let_v the_o world_n see_v i_o do_v not_o write_v any_o thing_n out_o of_o particular_a spleen_n or_o prejudice_n to_o the_o late_a king_n person_n or_o government_n i_o have_v choose_v to_o handle_v this_o question_n in_o general_n without_o make_v any_o mention_n at_o all_o of_o he_o and_o therefore_o have_v urge_v all_o that_o i_o think_v can_v be_v speak_v on_o either_o side_n in_o this_o question_n without_o apply_v it_o to_o any_o king_n in_o particular_a but_o because_o i_o find_v the_o chief_n argument_n next_o that_o of_o a_o divine_a right_n for_o the_o absolute_a and_o unconditioned_a power_n of_o the_o late_a king_n be_v a_o right_n of_o conquest_n over_o this_o kingdom_n and_o nation_n from_o k_o william_n i._o common_o call_v the_o conqueror_n whereby_o he_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v acquire_v a_o absolute_a indefeasible_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o this_o realm_n both_o for_o himself_o and_o such_o lawful_a heir_n of_o his_o body_n as_o shall_v succeed_v thereunto_o i_o have_v also_o examine_v all_o thing_n considerable_a that_o have_v be_v or_o may_v be_v urge_v on_o either_o side_n on_o this_o question_n as_o well_o from_o ancient_a as_o modern_a author_n though_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v the_o more_o difficult_a to_o be_v resolve_v because_o not_o only_o our_o late_a antiquary_n such_o as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n sir_n roger_n twisden_n and_o mr._n selden_n be_v pâ—int_a blank_n against_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n and_o dr._n brady_n notion_n of_o king_n william_n title_n by_o conquest_n but_o also_o the_o ancient_a english_a and_o norman_a historian_n do_v extreme_o differ_v in_o their_o relation_n for_o though_o they_o both_o agree_v to_o find_v the_o best_a title_n he_o have_v on_o the_o testamentary_a donation_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n which_o they_o also_o call_v a_o hereditary_a right_n yet_o do_v they_o very_o much_o differ_v about_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o government_n some_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a of_o the_o norman_a and_o english_a historian_n set_v he_o forth_o as_o a_o just_a and_o pious_a prince_n and_o other_o of_o they_o and_o especial_o mat._n paris_n make_v â—im_a a_o mâ—er_a tyrant_n that_o observe_v neither_o oath_n nor_o law_n far_o than_o stand_v with_o hiâ—_n own_o convenience_n i_o have_v not_o therefore_o omit_v to_o my_o knowledge_n any_o considerable_a 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see_v that_o his_o father_n testament_n be_v not_o sufficient_a without_o the_o election_n of_o the_o wittema_n gemot_n who_o prefer_v he_o though_o perhaps_o illegitimate_a before_o this_o alfred_n who_o be_v set_v up_o against_o he_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o if_o more_o of_o the_o testament_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_a king_n be_v now_o extant_a that_o i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o instance_n of_o this_o nature_n but_o that_o the_o person_n so_o nominate_v and_o elect_v though_o not_o the_o near_a always_o of_o blood_n claim_v jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la be_v also_o as_o certain_a since_o bracton_n express_o tell_v we_o that_o haereditamentum_fw-la or_o inheritance_n be_v not_o derive_v ab_fw-la haerede_fw-la but_o heir_n from_o the_o inheritance_n and_o that_o inheritance_n be_v the_o succession_n to_o all_o the_o right_n which_o the_o predecessor_n have_v with_o who_o also_o the_o civil_a law_n agree_v haeredis_fw-la significatione_n omnes_fw-la significare_fw-la 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a_o ancient_a msc._n in_o the_o bodliaâ—_n library_n give_v we_o of_o this_o affair_n and_o who_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o author_n that_o live_v very_o near_o those_o time_n londoniam_fw-la convenientibus_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la ad_fw-la nativitatem_fw-la domini_fw-la illisque_fw-la omnibus_fw-la concedentibus_fw-la coronam_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o dominationem_fw-la suscepit_fw-la and_o william_n of_o poictou_n this_o king_n chaplain_n in_o his_o history_n relate_v it_o thus_o die_v ordinationi_fw-la decreto_fw-la locutus_fw-la ad_fw-la anglos_n condecenti_fw-la sermone_fw-la eboraci_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la sapiens_fw-la bone_fw-la eloquens_fw-la a_o consentirent_fw-la eum_fw-la sibi_fw-la dominum_fw-la coronari_fw-la inquisivit_fw-la protestati_fw-la sunt_fw-la hilarem_fw-la consensum_fw-la universi_fw-la minime_fw-la haesitantes_fw-la ac_fw-la si_fw-la caelitus_fw-la unâ_fw-la ment_fw-la datâ_fw-la unâqu_fw-la voci_fw-la anglorum_fw-la quam_fw-la facillime_fw-la normanni_n consonuerunt_fw-la sermocinato_fw-la apud_fw-la eos_fw-la ac_fw-la sententiam_fw-la praecunctatoriam_fw-la constantini_n praesule_fw-la sic_fw-la electum_fw-la consecravit_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la imposuit_fw-la ei_fw-la diadema_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o likewise_o ordoricus_n vitalis_n a_o norman_a author_n alive_a at_o the_o same_o time_n relate_v it_o thus_o 503._o die_fw-la natalis_fw-la domini_fw-la angli_fw-la londoniae_n ad_fw-la ordinandum_fw-la regem_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la &_o gâ—lielmum_fw-la ducem_fw-la normannorum_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la anglorum_fw-la consecravit_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o go_v on_o to_o relate_v the_o manner_n how_o just_a as_o the_o nameless_a english_a author_n have_v do_v before_o but_o then_o agree_v with_o william_n of_o poictou_n in_o all_o the_o rest_n dum_fw-la aldredus_fw-la praesul_fw-la alloqueretur_fw-la anglos_n &_o godofredus_fw-la constantiniensis_fw-la normannos_fw-la a_o concederent_fw-la gulielmum_fw-la regnare_fw-la super_fw-la se_fw-la &_o vniversi_fw-la consensum_fw-la hilarem_fw-la protestarentur_fw-la unâ_fw-la voce_fw-la non_fw-la unius_fw-la linguae_fw-la locutione_n with_o who_o also_o agree_v willielmus_fw-la gemmenicensis_fw-la 288._o in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o be_v also_o a_o author_n that_o live_v in_o or_o very_o near_o the_o time_n of_o this_o king_n his_o word_n be_v anno_fw-la incarnate_a domini_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la tam_fw-la normannorum_fw-la quam_fw-la anglorum_fw-la proceribus_fw-la rex_fw-la est_fw-la electus_fw-la &_o sacro_fw-la oleo_fw-la ab_fw-la episcopâ—â—_n râ—gni_fw-la delibutus_fw-la atque_fw-la regal_a â—â—â—demate_n coronatus_n so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o be_v no_o less_o than_o four_o ancient_a author_n who_o all_o agree_v upon_o the_o solemn_a election_n of_o king_n william_n and_o yet_o your_o dr._n have_v the_o confidence_n to_o tell_v we_o that_o mr._n petye_n only_a endeavour_n to_o prove_v this_o election_n of_o king_n william_n out_o of_o some_o fragment_n of_o author_n who_o live_v at_o some_o distance_n of_o time_n from_o his_o come_n over_o hither_o m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v show_v i_o more_o for_o this_o mix_a slight_n of_o k_o william_n by_o testament_n and_o succession_n than_o ever_o i_o know_v before_o but_o you_o have_v deal_v more_o fair_o 206._o if_o you_o have_v also_o add_v what_o dr._n b._n take_v notice_n of_o our_o of_o guliâ—â—â—â—â—_n pictaviensis_n concern_v king_n william_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o immediate_o after_o the_o mention_n of_o he_o be_v crown_v he_o conludes_fw-la thus_o 〈◊〉_d liberi_fw-la &_o napole_n justa_fw-la 〈…〉_z anglle_fw-fr terrae_fw-la quam_fw-la haereditaria_fw-la delegatione_fw-la sacrament_n anglorum_fw-la firmata_fw-la &_o jure_v belli_n ipse_fw-la possedit_fw-la so_o that_o here_o you_o see_v he_o ground_n a_o title_n to_o he_o and_o his_o postaerity_n not_o only_o on_o his_o hereditary_a but_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o english_a and_o the_o right_n of_o war_n but_o as_o for_o the_o word_n electus_n make_v use_v of_o by_o those_o ancient_a author_n dei_fw-la b._n have_v make_v it_o very_o plain_a in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n as_o also_o in_o his_o glossary_n that_o this_o word_n do_v not_o there_o signify_v elect_v but_o recognize_v and_o acknowledge_v that_o such_o a_o one_o be_v to_o be_v king_n yet_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o this_o can_v be_v proper_o term_v a_o election_n or_o not_o since_o the_o same_o historian_n also_o tell_v we_o that_o part_n of_o k._n william_n army_n keep_v guard_n without_o the_o church_n door_n during_o his_o coronation_n by_o this_o good_a token_n that_o when_o they_o hear_v so_o great_a a_o shout_n give_v upon_o the_o people_n declare_v their_o assent_n the_o soldier_n suspect_v some_o treason_n set_v fire_n to_o the_o house_n so_o that_o i_o can_v see_v how_o that_o can_v be_v proper_o a_o election_n when_o the_o people_n dare_v not_o refuse_v and_o i_o know_v that_o even_o at_o this_o day_n the_o king_n be_v show_v to_o the_o people_n on_o all_o the_o four_o side_n of_o the_o scaffold_n on_o which_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o their_o consent_n be_v formal_o ask_v whether_o they_o will_v have_v this_o man_n to_o be_v their_o king_n yet_o
no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o their_o acclamation_n and_o cry_v yea_o yea_o will_v make_v our_o king_n elective_a any_o more_o than_o it_o can_v do_v it_o in_o the_o case_n of_o k._n william_n who_o have_v a_o title_n by_o conquest_n precedent_n to_o this_o prâ—tended_a election_n though_o i_o grant_v this_o custom_n may_v have_v be_v in_o use_n ever_o fine_v this_o coronation_n of_o the_o conqueror_n but_o that_o king_n william_n claim_v indeed_o by_o conquest_n and_o by_o no_o other_o title_n let_v we_o not_o mind_v his_o specious_a colourable_a pretence_n but_o his_o action_n which_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o the_o thought_n of_o prince_n and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o through_o all_o his_o reign_n he_o govern_v this_o kingdom_n as_o a_o conqueror_n and_o this_o i_o shall_v prove_v by_o make_v good_a the_o three_o instance_n i_o have_v already_o give_v of_o his_o great_a alteration_n of_o the_o property_n law_n and_o civil_a liberty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o of_o these_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o gervace_n of_o tiâ—bury_n a_o considerable_a officer_n in_o the_o exchequer_n 33._o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o who_o receive_v his_o information_n from_o henry_n of_o bloâ—s_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o grandchild_n to_o the_o conqueror_n who_o be_v most_o full_a to_o that_o purpose_n which_o he_o thus_o deliver_v in_o the_o manuscript_n treatise_n call_v the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n which_o i_o shall_v read_v to_o you_o according_a to_o the_o learned_a dr._n b_n translation_n of_o it_o after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o just_a subversion_n of_o the_o rebel_n when_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o his_o great_a man_n have_v view_v and_o survey_v their_o new_a acquest_n there_o be_v a_o strict_a enquiry_n make_v who_o they_o be_v which_o have_v fight_v against_o the_o king_n and_o 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inform_v he_o how_o they_o be_v spoil_v of_o their_o fortune_n and_o that_o without_o redress_n they_o must_v be_v force_v to_o pass_v into_o other_o country_n at_o length_n upon_o consultation_n it_o be_v order_v that_o what_o they_o can_v obtain_v of_o their_o lord_n by_o way_n of_o desert_n or_o lawful_a bargain_n they_o shall_v hold_v by_o â—unqestionable_a right_n but_o shall_v not_o claim_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o time_n the_o nation_n be_v conquer_a under_o the_o title_n of_o succession_n or_o descent_n upon_o what_o great_a consideration_n this_o be_v do_v be_v manifest_a say_v gervacâ—_n for_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o compliance_n and_o obedience_n to_o purchase_v their_o lord_n â—avour_n therefore_o whoever_o of_o the_o conquer_a nation_n possess_v land_n etc._n etc._n obtain_v they_o not_o as_o if_o they_o be_v their_o right_n by_o succession_n or_o inheritance_n but_o as_o a_o reward_n of_o their_o service_n or_o by_o some_o intervening_a agreement_n this_o alone_o be_v sufficient_a come_v from_o a_o author_n of_o such_o credit_n and_o live_v so_o very_a near_o the_o time_n but_o beside_o he_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o divers_a other_o author_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o particular_o ordericus_n vitalis_n who_o you_o but_o now_o cite_v tell_v we_o how_o william_n the_o first_o circumvent_v the_o two_o great_a earl_n of_o moreâ—a_n and_o that_o after_o edwin_n be_v slay_v and_o morcar_n imprison_v than_o king_n william_n begin_v to_o show_v himself_o and_o give_v his_o assistant_n the_o best_a and_o most_o considerable_a county_n in_o england_n and_o make_v rich_a colonel_n and_o captain_n of_o very_o mean_a norman_n and_o that_o he_o thus_o dispose_v of_o whole_a county_n to_o divers_a great_a man_n appear_v by_o domesday_n book_n wherein_o it_o be_v see_v that_o the_o whole_a county_n of_o chester_n be_v give_v by_o the_o conqueror_n to_o â—upus_fw-la a_o norman_a so_o likewise_o the_o great_a part_n of_o shropshire_n be_v give_v to_o monâ—gomery_n and_o further_o he_o take_v away_o from_o the_o english_a their_o estate_n and_o give_v they_o to_o his_o norman_n and_o this_o he_o do_v from_o his_o first_o come_v in_o for_o fitz-osbern_n be_v make_v earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o hereford_n at_o his_o first_o come_v in_o and_o be_v lord_n of_o bettivil_a in_o normandy_n and_o establish_v the_o law_n of_o that_o town_n at_o hereford_n alan_n earl_n of_o bâ—itain_n have_v all_o earl_n edwin_n land_n give_v to_o he_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o york_n about_o three_o year_n after_o his_o arrival_n to_o these_o i_o may_v add_v the_o 795_o manor_n robert_n earl_n of_o morâ—ton_n in_o normandy_n and_o cornwall_n in_o england_n have_v give_v to_o he_o by_o k._n william_n so_o likewise_o â—lan_o earl_n of_o britain_n and_o richmond_n 442_o manor_n and_o jeffery_n bishop_n of_o constance_n have_v 280_o manner_n give_v he_o by_o the_o conqueror_n beside_o many_o other_o land_n of_o the_o saxon_a earl_n thain_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o give_v to_o the_o norman_n who_o take_v their_o title_n from_o king_n william_n conquer_a sword_n so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o evident_a that_o this_o king_n have_v distribute_v most_o of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o his_o norman_n long_o before_o the_o survey_n be_v begin_v and_o by_o that_o infallible_a record_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o he_o give_v near_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o his_o follower_n and_o very_o little_a or_o none_o to_o the_o english_a who_o hold_v that_o they_o have_v his_o new_a title_n and_o new_a service_n from_o the_o conqueror_n or_o his_o great_a lord_n or_o become_v tenant_n to_o or_o drudge_n upon_o their_o own_o land_n as_o we_o hear_v before_o from_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n here_o be_v enough_o to_o satisfy_v any_o unbiased_a person_n that_o thâ—_n conqueror_n do_v not_o lay_v by_o his_o sword_n after_o the_o battle_n of_o hastings_n f._n in_o answer_n to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v concern_v 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considerable_a man_n their_o leader_n and_o who_o your_o dr._n tell_v we_o come_v not_o out_o of_o staâ—k_a love_n and_o kindness_n 35._o without_o any_o consideration_n of_o share_v with_o and_o under_o he_o in_o the_o conquest_n now_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v by_o what_o law_n or_o act_n of_o they_o they_o thus_o constitute_v k._n william_n a_o absolute_a monarch_n over_o they_o and_o their_o descendant_n for_o as_o for_o the_o norman_n though_o they_o be_v its_o true_a his_o subject_n yet_o they_o enjoy_v divers_a considerable_a right_n and_o privilege_n at_o home_n and_o sure_o never_o intend_v to_o come_v over_o hither_o to_o make_v themselves_o as_o great_a slave_n as_o the_o people_n they_o have_v conquer_a much_o less_o can_v it_o be_v suppose_v of_o these_o of_o other_o nation_n who_o be_v not_o subject_n to_o duke_n william_n before_o
nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n who_o hold_v land_n in_o divers_a county_n of_o england_n at_o the_o time_n when_o that_o survey_n be_v make_v and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o since_o so_o short_a a_o conversation_n as_o we_o will_v not_o permit_v i_o to_o run_v into_o a_o long_a bead-roll_n of_o name_n i_o refer_v you_o to_o what_o the_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a mr._n atwood_n in_o his_o ius_n anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antiqua_fw-la 92._o have_v observe_v out_o of_o doomsday_n book_n upon_o this_o subject_n where_o though_o he_o have_v not_o only_o go_v through_o but_o go_v over_o fifteen_o county_n of_o thirty_o that_o be_v survey_v in_o that_o book_n yet_o it_o will_v thereby_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o your_o dr._n be_v much_o mistake_v when_o he_o so_o positive_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v few_o or_o no_o englishman_n that_o hold_v land_n in_o england_n but_o to_o give_v you_o a_o taste_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v run_v through_o as_o many_o county_n as_o mr._n atwood_n have_v 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those_o english_a gentry_n who_o estate_n be_v still_o leave_v and_o herein_o ordericus_n vitalis_n be_v more_o express_a that_o king_n william_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o see_v the_o contrivance_n against_o he_o lanfrancum_fw-la archiepiscopum_fw-la cum_fw-la suffraganeis_fw-la praesulibus_fw-la &_o comites_fw-la anglosque_fw-la naturales_fw-la convocavit_fw-la &_o conatus_fw-la adversariorum_fw-la &_o velle_fw-la suum_fw-la expugnandi_fw-la eos_fw-la indicavit_fw-la m._n as_o for_o mr._n atwood_n catalogue_n of_o english_a name_n from_o doomsday_n book_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o examine_v they_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v may_v be_v divers_a who_o hold_v the_o same_o land_n that_o they_o or_o their_o father_n do_v yet_o they_o be_v but_o a_o few_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o rest_n nor_o be_v we_o certain_a that_o all_o these_o be_v native_a english_a and_o not_o norman_n who_o hold_v land_n as_o well_o then_o as_o before_o the_o conquest_n since_o the_o norman_n and_o the_o 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qui_fw-la residui_fw-la grant_v these_o be_v only_o the_o antiqui_fw-la
&_o legitimi_fw-la barones_n who_o as_o ordericus_n tell_v we_o come_v in_o with_o his_o father_n and_o settle_a themselves_o here_o after_o the_o conquest_n but_o as_o for_o your_o quotation_n out_o of_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n and_o ordericus_n vitalisâ—â—ncerning_v â—â—ncerning_z the_o english_a assist_v king_n william_n rufus_n against_o his_o brother_n robert_n 50._o by_o use_v the_o common_a bait_n of_o liberty_n viz._n promise_v that_o he_o will_v alleviate_v the_o rigid_a law_n of_o his_o father_n and_o give_v free_a liberty_n of_o hunt_v in_o his_o forest_n it_o be_v true_a he_o thereupon_o raise_v a_o indifferent_a army_n consist_v chief_o of_o english_a who_o as_o matthew_n paris_n tell_v we_o be_v no_o better_a than_o mercenary_a or_o stipendiary_a souldiâ—â—â—_n and_o who_o have_v either_o no_o estate_n or_o else_o have_v be_v turn_v out_o of_o they_o before_o so_o that_o this_o do_v not_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v man_n of_o any_o fortune_n who_o thus_o assist_v 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quantity_n of_o pamphlet_n that_o have_v be_v write_v upon_o these_o subject_n as_o also_o that_o such_o as_o have_v peruse_v they_o may_v find_v together_o in_o this_o and_o the_o follow_a discourse_n all_o that_o have_v be_v urge_v on_o the_o one_o side_n or_o other_o upon_o these_o important_a subject_n and_o since_o the_o great_a number_n of_o treatise_n of_o this_o kind_n have_v rather_o serve_v to_o confound_v than_o instruct_v ordinary_a reader_n i_o resolve_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n of_o very_a few_o of_o they_o only_o to_o take_v the_o chief_a and_o strong_a argument_n on_o either_o side_n and_o fair_o to_o represent_v they_o at_o once_o to_o the_o reader_n view_v who_o i_o hope_n have_v the_o discretion_n to_o judge_v which_o be_v best_a since_o i_o declare_v i_o write_v for_o no_o party_n but_o pure_o for_o truth_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v now_o and_o shall_v still_o endeavour_v to_o avoid_v all_o personal_a reflection_n in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o the_o 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immediate_a appointment_n of_o god_n and_o chancellor_n fortescue_n in_o his_o discourse_n de_fw-fr laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la 12_o and_o 13._o chapter_n suppose_v all_o kingly_a â—ower_n as_o well_o what_o be_v absolute_a as_o that_o which_o be_v politic_a or_o limit_v by_o law_n to_o have_v proceed_v at_o first_o from_o the_o people_n consent_n not_o that_o the_o power_n itself_o be_v otherwise_o than_o from_o god_n only_o he_o have_v make_v use_n of_o the_o people_n as_o a_o instrument_n whereby_o to_o convey_v it_o and_o i_o hope_v none_o of_o those_o who_o be_v still_o for_o king_n james_n interest_n will_v be_v offend_v at_o this_o doctrine_n since_o those_o that_o have_v write_v with_o the_o great_a judgement_n for_o his_o absolute_a indefeasible_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n have_v place_v it_o in_o his_o legal_a right_n to_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o all_o must_v own_v can_v not_o have_v be_v make_v without_o the_o people_n consent_n i_o have_v but_o one_o thing_n more_o to_o desire_v of_o you_o which_o be_v your_o patience_n and_o attention_n if_o some_o of_o the_o speech_n in_o this_o dialogue_n be_v long_o than_o ordinary_a since_o they_o be_v upon_o subject_n that_o will_v not_o well_o bear_v interruption_n and_o to_o tell_v you_o far_o the_o press_n stay_v for_o the_o sheet_n i_o have_v not_o time_n to_o make_v they_o short_a the_o eleven_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n and_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n f._n dear_o sir_n you_o be_v welcome_a to_o town_n you_o have_v be_v absent_a a_o long_a time_n and_o indeed_o i_o wonder_v how_o you_o can_v stay_v away_o so_o long_o when_o such_o greaâ—_n thing_n as_o the_o king_n to_o have_v abdicate_v and_o place_v his_o son_n and_o daughter_n in_o the_o throne_n have_v be_v transact_v m._n i_o thank_v you_o kind_o sir_n but_o yet_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o i_o have_v be_v so_o little_o satisfy_v with_o what_o your_o convention_n have_v do_v in_o these_o matter_n that_o the_o very_a hear_n of_o it_o have_v be_v a_o great_a affliction_n to_o i_o and_o it_o will_v have_v certain_o be_v a_o much_o great_a have_v i_o be_v upon_o the_o place_n and_o see_v such_o horrid_a thing_n as_o the_o deposition_n of_o a_o king_n the_o disinherit_n of_o his_o right_a heir_n and_o the_o set_n up_o the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o orange_n who_o certain_o can_v have_v no_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o long_a 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n live_v nor_o yet_o after_o his_o death_n as_o long_o as_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n be_v in_o be_v f._n i_o confess_v these_o be_v very_o high_a charge_n if_o they_o will_v hold_v but_o if_o you_o please_v to_o consider_v the_o hypothesis_n i_o propose_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n that_o the_o king_n have_v by_o breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n make_v between_o his_o ancestor_n and_o predecessor_n and_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o observe_v the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n forfeit_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n all_o that_o have_v be_v do_v in_o this_o great_a affair_n i_o suppose_v may_v be_v very_o well_o maintain_v and_o justify_v from_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o of_o maintain_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n and_o therefore_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n how_o far_o i_o have_v proceed_v in_o the_o pâ—ooâ—_n of_o this_o assertion_n first_o i_o have_v make_v out_o that_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realâ—_n be_v not_o the_o sole_a supreme_a power_n thereof_o neither_o ever_o be_v so_o from_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o kingly_a government_n in_o this_o island_n second_o i_o have_v also_o prove_v that_o the_o king_n not_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n must_v hold_v that_o share_n thereof_o which_o he_o enjoy_v upon_o this_o imply_v or_o tacit_n condition_n that_o if_o he_o usurp_v what_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o he_o and_o the_o people_n do_v assert_v their_o right_n by_o oppose_v his_o unjust_a violence_n and_o usurpation_n and_o that_o he_o still_o obstinate_o persist_v in_o this_o violation_n he_o certain_o thereby_o lose_v and_o forfeit_v not_o only_o that_o part_n of_o the_o power_n which_o he_o so_o unjust_o usurp_v but_o also_o his_o own_o too_o and_o for_o this_o i_o give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o learned_a grotius_n at_o our_o last_o meet_v three_o i_o have_v also_o answer_v your_o main_a argument_n of_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n obtain_v by_o the_o sword_n and_o conquest_n of_o king_n harold_n a_o absolute_a right_n and_o unconditioned_a power_n foâ—_n himself_o and_o his_o successorâ—_n descend_v from_o he_o over_o the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n for_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o king_n william_n have_v no_o other_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n than_o by_o the_o testament_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o the_o eâ—ection_n and_o recognition_n of_o the_o people_n and_o this_o i_o have_v prove_v from_o the_o unexceptionable_a authority_n of_o the_o best_a historian_n of_o that_o time_n so_o that_o if_o he_o afterward_o act_v otherwise_o and_o contrary_a to_o his_o coronation_n oath_n it_o be_v not_o as_o a_o lawful_a king_n but_o as_o a_o tyrant_n and_o a_o usurper_n on_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n and_o can_v not_o by_o his_o own_o unjust_a act_n acquire_v any_o lawful_a power_n so_o to_o govern_v this_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o title_n king_n william_n or_o his_o successor_n can_v pretend_v to_o it_o must_v be_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o election_n of_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o saxon_a line_n from_o who_o all_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o henry_n y._n be_v descend_v and_o consequent_o aâ—e_v oblige_v to_o hold_v the_o crown_n under_o the_o same_o condition_n on_o which_o it_o be_v first_o confer_v and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o ever_o since_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n i._o the_o crown_n have_v be_v no_o long_o claim_v by_o election_n but_o by_o succession_n of_o he_o that_o real_o be_v or_o else_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n yet_o this_o different_a way_n of_o acquire_v the_o crown_n do_v not_o at_o all_o alter_v the_o condition_n or_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o sâ—â—e_z ouâ—_n king_n have_v always_o after_o that_o time_n as_o before_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o same_o or_o rather_o â—â—â—cter_n terâ—â—_n in_o their_o coronation_n oath_n to_o observe_v and_o keep_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o also_o that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o parliament_n make_v law_n raise_v tax_n and_o redress_v of_o grievance_n arise_v 〈◊〉_d the_o unjust_a exercise_n and_o illegal_a encroachment_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n have_v be_v exert_v
a_o generous_a prince_n a_o nephew_n and_o a_o son-in-law_n and_o one_o who_o be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n and_o honour_n to_o consult_v the_o last_a peace_n and_o happiness_n of_o the_o nation_n more_o than_o his_o own_o private_a interest_n or_o the_o ambition_n of_o wear_v a_o crown_n f._n you_o have_v make_v the_o utmost_a defence_n that_o i_o suppose_v can_v be_v bring_v for_o the_o king_n be_v first_o go_n away_o yet_o if_o it_o be_v better_o consider_v i_o doubt_v it_o will_v not_o serve_v the_o turn_n i_o see_v you_o be_v force_v to_o lay_v the_o whole_a fault_n of_o the_o king_n departure_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o treaty_n with_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o refuse_v to_o call_v a_o parliament_n according_a to_o his_o own_o promise_n and_o proclamation_n upon_o his_o want_n of_o security_n for_o himself_o the_o queen_n and_o prince_n if_o he_o have_v stay_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o want_n of_o fidelity_n in_o his_o army_n the_o general_a prejudice_n of_o the_o nation_n against_o he_o and_o the_o great_a firmness_n and_o resolution_n there_o be_v in_o the_o prince_n army_n to_o adhere_v to_o he_o now_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o every_o one_o of_o these_o be_v but_o pretence_n and_o that_o the_o real_a cause_n of_o his_o departure_n be_v because_o he_o fear_v to_o leave_v the_o inquiry_n into_o the_o birth_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o the_o free_a examination_n and_o redress_n of_o our_o grievance_n and_o those_o violation_n he_o have_v commit_v upon_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n to_o the_o impartial_a judgement_n of_o a_o free_a parliament_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o to_o want_v of_o fidelity_n in_o his_o army_n that_o can_v be_v no_o just_a excuse_n for_o his_o desert_v and_o disband_v they_o as_o he_o do_v without_o any_o pay_n since_o he_o himself_o in_o his_o say_a letter_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o feversham_n express_o own_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o brave_a man_n both_o officer_n and_o soldier_n among_o they_o and_o therefore_o if_o he_o be_v satisfy_v of_o this_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v first_o send_v for_o all_o his_o officer_n both_o colonel_n and_o captain_n and_o have_v examine_v they_o how_o far_o they_o will_v stand_v by_o he_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o person_n and_o cause_n against_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o he_o may_v have_v also_o order_v those_o officer_n to_o have_v examine_v every_o regiment_n troop_n and_o company_n in_o his_o whole_a army_n how_o far_o they_o will_v engage_v in_o his_o defence_n and_o if_o he_o have_v proceed_v thus_o at_o salisbury_n before_o he_o flee_v away_o in_o that_o confusion_n to_o london_n i_o have_v be_v credible_o inform_v by_o divers_a officer_n of_o that_o army_n that_o the_o king_n may_v have_v find_v above_o twenty_o thousand_o man_n that_o will_v have_v stand_v by_o he_o to_o the_o last_o man_n in_o his_o quarrel_n against_o the_o prince_n and_o therefore_o i_o impute_v his_o go_v away_o as_o he_o do_v from_o salisbury_n to_o some_o strange_a panic_n fear_v that_o god_n have_v cast_v upon_o he_o and_o all_o the_o popish_a faction_n about_o he_o since_o he_o have_v be_v know_v not_o to_o want_v sufficient_a courage_n upon_o other_o occasion_n but_o though_o he_o have_v omit_v it_o there_o yet_o he_o certain_o aught_o to_o have_v try_v this_o last_o experiment_n after_o he_o come_v to_o london_n rather_o than_o have_v quit_v the_o kingdom_n so_o dishonourable_o as_o he_o then_o do_v and_o thereby_o give_v the_o p._n of_o orange_n friend_n a_o opportunity_n of_o seize_v or_o get_v deliver_v into_o their_o power_n all_o the_o garrison_n and_o strong_a place_n in_o england_n beside_o portsmouth_n in_o those_o three_o or_o four_o day_n time_n that_o he_o be_v not_o hear_v of_o beside_o great_a part_n of_o the_o army_n that_o be_v not_o disband_v have_v in_o that_o time_n go_v in_o to_o the_o prince_n in_o hope_n of_o their_o pay_n and_o future_a preferment_n now_o that_o the_o king_n may_v with_o safety_n have_v reside_v with_o his_o army_n somewhere_o about_o london_n he_o himself_o grant_v 90._o in_o his_o proposal_n to_o the_o prince_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n till_o all_o matter_n be_v adjust_v concern_v the_o freedom_n of_o election_n and_o a_o security_n of_o their_o sit_v the_o respective_a army_n may_v be_v retain_v within_o such_o limit_n and_o at_o such_o distance_n from_o london_n as_o may_v prevent_v all_o apprehension_n that_o the_o parliament_n may_v be_v in_o any_o kind_n disturb_v which_o proposal_n be_v make_v not_o long_o after_o the_o king_n arrival_n at_o london_n we_o may_v reasonable_o suppose_v that_o he_o be_v then_o well_o enough_o satisfy_v with_o the_o fidelity_n of_o the_o great_a part_n at_o least_o of_o his_o own_o army_n to_o he_o and_o if_o he_o be_v not_o he_o may_v have_v be_v better_o satisfy_v if_o he_o please_v but_o as_o for_o the_o next_o difficulty_n the_o nation_n be_v poison_v and_o prepossess_v against_o he_o admit_v it_o be_v so_o as_o long_o as_o he_o have_v a_o sufficient_a army_n about_o he_o as_o i_o suppose_v he_o may_v have_v have_v he_o need_v not_o have_v fear_v any_o thing_n the_o people_n can_v do_v but_o indeed_o this_o be_v a_o needless_a fear_n for_o before_o the_o parliament_n can_v sit_v it_o be_v not_o the_o people_n interest_n to_o hinder_v it_o or_o to_o fall_v upon_o the_o king_n or_o his_o army_n when_o matter_n be_v in_o a_o fair_a way_n of_o accommodation_n so_o after_o the_o parliament_n sit_v there_o will_v have_v be_v less_o cause_n of_o fear_n since_o the_o reverence_n of_o that_o court_n will_v have_v keep_v they_o in_o awe_n but_o as_o to_o the_o firmness_n and_o resolution_n of_o the_o prince_n army_n the_o fear_n of_o that_o be_v also_o as_o needless_a as_o long_o as_o the_o king_n army_n continue_v as_o firm_a to_o he_o and_o if_o the_o prince_n army_n have_v be_v the_o first_o aggressor_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o people_n will_v have_v take_v part_n with_o the_o king_n against_o they_o but_o after_o all_o it_o be_v certain_o and_o you_o must_v grant_v it_o so_o much_o more_o safe_a and_o honourable_a for_o the_o king_n to_o have_v treat_v with_o the_o prince_n and_o hold_v a_o parliament_n with_o a_o army_n about_o he_o than_o to_o have_v yield_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o you_o suppose_v he_o willing_a to_o have_v do_v after_o his_o return_n to_o town_n when_o his_o army_n be_v disband_v and_o london_n have_v receive_v the_o prince_n and_o have_v join_v with_o he_o and_o when_o almost_o all_o the_o strong_a place_n of_o england_n be_v in_o the_o prince_n power_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n it_o evident_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n choose_v to_o trust_v his_o own_o person_n together_o with_o that_o of_o the_o queen_n and_o prince_n to_o a_o foreign_a monarch_n rather_o than_o he_o will_v rely_v upon_o the_o justice_n or_o fidelity_n of_o his_o own_o nation_n you_o say_v in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o nothing_o the_o king_n have_v do_v in_o all_o these_o exorbitance_n he_o commit_v that_o can_v in_o any_o wise_a amount_v to_o a_o forfeiture_n or_o abdication_n of_o the_o government_n not_o to_o the_o former_a because_o the_o king_n redress_v all_o our_o grievance_n before_o he_o go_v away_o it_o be_v true_a i_o grant_v he_o redress_v some_o of_o they_o by_o put_v divers_a thing_n in_o the_o same_o state_n they_o be_v before_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o the_o great_a still_o remain_v unredress_v viz._n the_o raise_v of_o money_n contrary_n to_o law_n and_o the_o dispense_v power_n both_o which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n he_o never_o disclaim_v neither_o take_v any_o sufficient_a course_n by_o call_v a_o parliament_n to_o prevent_v its_o be_v exercise_v for_o the_o future_a beside_o his_o go_v away_o without_o give_v the_o prince_n and_o nation_n any_o further_a satisfaction_n about_o the_o birth_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n all_o which_o not_o be_v do_v i_o must_v still_o affirm_v that_o this_o wrought_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o a_o abdication_n of_o it_o at_o least_o by_o his_o refusal_n to_o hold_v and_o govern_v it_o according_a to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n thereof_o for_o he_o that_o destroy_v the_o law_n or_o condition_n by_o which_o he_o hold_v a_o estate_n do_v tacit_o renounce_v his_o title_n to_o it_o as_o i_o show_v you_o in_o the_o case_n of_o tenant_n for_o life_n alter_v in_o fee_n so_o that_o this_o be_v consider_v as_o also_o that_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o the_o whole_a nation_n have_v surrender_v themselves_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n 92.94_o and_o that_o even_o the_o arch-bishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o york_n
act_n be_v declare_v absolute_o void_a yet_o the_o say_a lord_n chief_a justice_n likewise_o prove_v that_o this_o clause_n of_o nonobstante_a be_v void_a and_o he_o make_v this_o out_o not_o only_o from_o constant_a practice_n in_o other_o statute_n of_o like_a nature_n but_o also_o from_o the_o opinion_n of_o plowden_n and_o the_o say_a lord_n cook_n 8._o first_o as_o to_o the_o statute_n there_o be_v a_o statute_n of_o the_o 23._o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v sheriff_n for_o above_o a_o year_n 2._o that_o all_o letter_n patent_n make_v for_o year_n or_o life_n shall_v be_v void_a 3._o that_o no_o nonobstante_a shall_v make_v they_o good_a which_o show_v that_o the_o parliament_n think_v the_o king_n can_v otherwise_o have_v dispense_v with_o this_o act_n by_o a_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la there_o be_v likewise_o in_o this_o act_n a_o penalty_n of_o 200_o l._n and_o the_o party_n be_v also_o disable_v from_o bear_v the_o office_n of_o sheriff_n in_o any_o 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the_o service_n of_o his_o subject_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v give_v unto_o he_o this_o be_v there_o report_v as_o the_o sense_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n in_o king_n james_n his_o time_n and_o therefore_o since_o this_o have_v be_v ever_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o a_o constant_a prerogative_n exercise_v by_o the_o king_n ever_o since_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v show_v i_o any_o difference_n why_o the_o king_n dispensation_n to_o a_o sheriff_n shall_v be_v good_a for_o the_o hold_n of_o his_o office_n for_o above_o a_o year_n norwithstand_v the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o vi_o and_o yet_o a_o dispensation_n for_o the_o take_n or_o hold_v any_o office_n or_o command_n civil_a or_o military_a without_o take_v the_o oath_n and_o test_n appoint_v by_o the_o 25._o of_o charles_n the_o ii_o shall_v be_v declare_v a_o breach_n of_o our_o fundamental_a law_n for_o i_o can_v see_v no_o manner_n of_o difference_n between_o they_o since_o their_o 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he_o not_o to_o insist_v upon_o the_o distribution_n and_o read_n of_o it_o because_o it_o be_v against_o law_n thou_o admit_v it_o be_v be_v no_o way_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n they_o ought_v to_o have_v obey_v it_o since_o their_o bare_a distribute_v of_o it_o have_v not_o render_v it_o the_o more_o lawful_a so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a misdemeanour_n in_o these_o bishop_n to_o deliver_v this_o petition_n their_o commitment_n and_o prosecution_n at_o law_n for_o the_o same_o be_v also_o legal_a and_o what_o the_o privy_a council_n tell_v his_o majesty_n he_o may_v well_o justify_v so_o that_o if_o the_o king_n be_v too_o severe_a in_o this_o matter_n they_o be_v to_o bear_v the_o blame_n and_o not_o he_o f._n i_o can_v deny_v but_o you_o have_v give_v a_o just_a account_n of_o the_o main_a argument_n make_v use_v of_o by_o the_o late_a lord_n chief_a justice_n merbert_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o king_n dispense_n power_n and_o of_o give_v his_o own_o opinion_n 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particular_a from_o the_o
statute_n of_o provisor_n and_o praemunire_n and_o i_o can_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a record_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n ii_o henry_n iu_o and_o henry_n v._o that_o they_o never_o intrude_v the_o crown_n with_o a_o absolute_a power_n of_o dispense_v with_o those_o statute_n but_o only_o for_o a_o time_n as_o till_o the_o next_o parliament_n or_o long_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a but_o since_o i_o have_v not_o now_o so_o much_o time_n to_o give_v you_o so_o many_o precedent_n at_o length_n i_o shall_v only_o tell_v you_o that_o as_o to_o the_o main_a instance_n you_o rely_v upon_o viz._n the_o king_n dispense_v with_o the_o statute_n of_o sheriff_n that_o at_o first_o it_o be_v not_o take_v for_o law_n appear_v by_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n as_o in_o 28._o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o whereby_o those_o sheriff_n that_o have_v hold_v their_o office_n for_o more_o than_o a_o year_n be_v pardon_v likewise_o in_o the_o act_n of_o edw._n iu._n there_o be_v 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act_n of_o parliament_n signify_v in_o such_o a_o case_n must_v we_o say_v it_o be_v a_o void_a clause_n but_o then_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v it_o put_v in_o do_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o who_o draw_v this_o act_n of_o the_o 23_o d_o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o as_o also_o those_o act_n concern_v sheriff_n understand_v this_o clause_n of_o nonobstante_a to_o be_v void_a when_o they_o put_v it_o in_o if_o it_o be_v so_o and_o contrary_a to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n why_o do_v the_o king_n pass_v this_o act_n without_o any_o refusal_n or_o protestation_n against_o it_o certain_o it_o be_v then_o think_v otherwise_o and_o if_o so_o we_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n against_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o
void_a clause_n then_o how_o come_v it_o to_o be_v so_o afterward_o pray_v say_v what_o alteration_n have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o law_n of_o england_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o to_o this_o point_n since_o the_o time_n that_o these_o act_n have_v be_v make_v for_o if_o not_o how_o come_v a_o clause_n that_o have_v force_n in_o 23_o henry_n vi_o to_o have_v none_o in_o a_o henry_n vii_o can_v the_o twelve_o judge_n in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n by_o give_v their_o opinion_n destroy_v the_o force_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n m._n i_o do_v not_o say_v they_o can_v only_o i_o affirm_v with_o my_o lord_n coke_n and_o all_o the_o judge_n that_o no_o act_n can_v bind_v the_o king_n from_o any_o prerogative_n which_o be_v inseparable_a from_o his_o royal_a person_n but_o he_o may_v dispense_v with_o it_o by_o a_o new_a obstante_fw-la as_o a_o sovereign_a power_n to_o command_v any_o of_o his_o subject_n to_o serve_v he_o for_o the_o publick-weal_n nor_o can_v this_o royal_a 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the_o sin_n of_o perjury_n among_o we_o which_o god_n forgive_v this_o sinful_a nation_n among_o the_o many_o cry_a sin_n it_o now_o grow_v under_o yet_o give_v i_o leave_v still_o to_o mind_v you_o that_o you_o have_v not_o give_v any_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n i_o have_v make_v concern_v the_o schism_n that_o be_v like_a to_o follow_v from_o the_o deprive_v of_o all_o such_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n that_o shall_v refuse_v to_o take_v the_o new_a oath_n by_o such_o a_o time_n which_o deprivation_n be_v uncanonical_o ordain_v by_o the_o mere_a lie_v power_n of_o the_o convention_n without_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o convocation_n or_o synod_n such_o proceed_n be_v sufficient_a cause_n for_o all_o of_o our_o way_n to_o break_v off_o all_o church_n communion_n with_o you_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o arch_a bishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o those_o other_o bishop_n shall_v happen_v to_o be_v deprive_v and_o new_a one_o put_v in_o their_o place_n since_o all_o church_n communion_n 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power_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o the_o king_n of_o judah_n be_v to_o that_o of_o the_o jew_n may_v as_o well_o deprive_v the_o arch_a bishop_n of_o canterbury_n for_o example_n for_o treason_n or_o disobedience_n to_o the_o government_n as_o solomon_n do_v abiathar_n for_o anoint_v his_o brother_n adonijah_n king_n and_o beside_o this_o i_o can_v show_v you_o many_o example_n of_o the_o like_a power_n exercise_v by_o the_o roman_a and_o greek_a emperor_n in_o deprive_v and_o banish_v not_o only_a bishop_n but_o patriarch_n for_o the_o matter_n of_o state_n without_o any_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n of_o a_o synod_n or_o general_a council_n of_o other_o bishop_n if_o your_o doctrine_n be_v true_a the_o poor_a greek_a church_n will_v be_v in_o a_o sad_a condition_n and_o all_o her_o member_n in_o a_o perpetual_a schism_n for_o some_o age_n past_a that_o there_o have_v be_v scarce_o any_o canonical_a election_n or_o deprivation_n of_o the_o patriarch_n of_o any_o of_o the_o great_a seat_n viz._n constantinople_n antioch_n and_o alexandria_n but_o they_o be_v all_o nominate_v and_o put_v in_o and_o out_o at_o the_o grand_a signor_n nay_o vizier_n will_v and_o pleasure_n as_o any_o man_n who_o will_v but_o peâ—uâ—e_v sr._n paul_n rycaut_n account_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n may_v easy_o see_v but_o indeed_o you_o fall_v into_o this_o error_n for_o want_n of_o consider_v the_o original_n of_o bishoprics_a in_o england_n and_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o this_o intend_a deprivation_n for_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o though_o episcopacy_n be_v settle_v in_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n yet_o all_o the_o sea_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o respect_n of_o such_o and_o such_o diocese_n have_v be_v whole_o owe_a to_o the_o bounty_n of_o our_o king_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o our_o great_a council_n which_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o pope_n bull_n and_o since_o the_o reformation_n to_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n as_o be_v all_o the_o bishoprics_a erect_v in_o henry_n the_o viii_o this_o reign_v so_o that_o let_v the_o bishop_n mere_a spiritual_a power_n of_o ordain_v excommunicate_v etc._n etc._n be_v derive_v immediate_o from_o christ_n if_o you_o please_v yet_o the_o exercise_n thereof_o as_o limit_v and_o appoint_v to_o this_o or_o that_o precint_n or_o see_v be_v as_o mere_a a_o temporal_a institution_n as_o that_o of_o parish_n which_o be_v not_o introduce_v till_o long_o after_o christianity_n be_v settle_v in_o this_o island_n so_o that_o the_o exercise_n of_o this_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n within_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n for_o example_n be_v a_o civil_a institution_n it_o have_v ancient_o belong_v to_o supreme_a power_n not_o only_o to_o confer_v this_o power_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o ancient_a investiture_n of_o our_o bishop_n per_fw-la baculum_fw-la &_o annulum_fw-la but_o also_o to_o take_v it_o away_o for_o treason_n or_o disobedience_n against_o the_o state_n since_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n do_v not_o pretend_v to_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o spiritual_a character_n or_o episcopal_a order_n but_o only_o of_o their_o right_n to_o exercise_v it_o within_o such_o see_v or_o diocese_n thus_o although_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n and_o wichester_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o popish_a bishop_n be_v deprive_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o 1_o o_o the_o of_o elizabeth_n for_o not_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n the_o queen_n and_o parliament_n never_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o degrade_v those_o bishop_n of_o their_o episcopal_a order_n but_o only_o to_o forbid_v their_o act_n as_o bishop_n in_o their_o former_a respective_a diocese_n and_o therefore_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o notwithstanding_o this_o depriviation_n those_o bishop_n may_v if_o they_o have_v please_v have_v ordain_v priest_n and_o confirm_v child_n and_o that_o such_o ordination_n and_o confirmation_n will_v be_v good_a even_o in_o our_o protestant_a church_n if_o such_o priest_n or_o child_n have_v afterward_o turn_v protestant_n since_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n own_v the_o order_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o be_v valid_a which_o be_v more_o than_o we_o do_v for_o the_o ordination_n of_o mere_a presbyter_n come_v from_o those_o protestant_a country_n where_o there_o be_v no_o bishop_n at_o all_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o their_o confirmation_n too_o but_o pray_v sir_n consider_v how_o upon_o your_o principle_n this_o schism_n can_v be_v so_o universal_a as_o to_o influence_n and_o involve_v all_o england_n in_o it_o for_o if_o the_o arch_a bishop_n of_o york_n for_o example_n will_v rather_o take_v this_o oath_n then_o suffer_v deprivation_n and_o that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o his_o province_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o mind_n as_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v they_o will_v pray_v tell_v i_o how_o the_o people_n of_o that_o province_n be_v a_o distinct_a church_n or_o body_n ecclesiastical_a from_o that_o of_o canterbury_n as_o to_z all_o spiritual_a matter_n as_o have_v a_o distinct_a convocation_n of_o their_o own_o can_v ever_o be_v involve_v in_o this_o schism_n by_o the_o deprivation_n of_o the_o arch_a bishop_n and_o bishop_n of_o the_o province_n of_o canterbury_n and_o pray_v also_o tell_v i_o in_o the_o next_o place_n how_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o two_o university_n can_v ever_o be_v involve_v in_o this_o intend_a schism_n since_o they_o owe_v no_o canonical_a obedience_n to_o the_o arch-bishop_n of_o canterbury_n or_o york_n nor_o to_o any_o other_o bishop_n but_o only_o to_o their_o chancellor_n and_o the_o vicechancellor_n as_o his_o deputy_n who_o exercise_n all_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n within_o the_o say_a university_n and_o therefore_o their_o church_n
communion_n can_v depend_v upon_o the_o canonical_a or_o uncanonical_a deprivation_n of_o any_o bishop_n in_o england_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o consider_v these_o thing_n as_o a_o canon-lawyer_n and_o give_v i_o your_o answer_n if_o you_o can_v against_o the_o next_o time_n we_o meet_v and_o then_o tell_v i_o whether_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o threaten_a schism_n be_v so_o just_a and_o apparent_a that_o it_o be_v like_a to_o involve_v so_o many_o of_o the_o wise_a and_o most_o considerate_a of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n into_o open_a separation_n from_o the_o church_n as_o you_o suppose_v it_o will_v not_o but_o that_o i_o will_v grant_v there_o be_v many_o of_o the_o clergy_n of_o this_o opinion_n who_o as_o well_o out_o of_o conscience_n as_o for_o their_o own_o interest_n will_v be_v content_v to_o set_v up_o and_o encourage_v such_o a_o separation_n thereby_o to_o make_v themselves_o head_n of_o separate_a congregation_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o present_a benefice_n and_o employment_n upon_o their_o refusal_n of_o this_o oath_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o hear_v so_o much_o say_v upon_o this_o head_n before_o and_o if_o you_o can_v make_v out_o to_o i_o all_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v now_o instance_a in_o i_o know_v not_o but_o that_o i_o may_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n thou_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o ever_o you_o can_v show_v i_o that_o any_o bishop_n be_v deprive_v in_o england_n by_o the_o mere_a lay_v authority_n of_o the_o king_n and_o a_o great_a council_n or_o convention_n of_o the_o laity_n whilst_o they_o continue_v of_o the_o same_o church-communion_n with_o those_o bishop_n for_o as_o to_o your_o instance_n of_o the_o popish_a bishop_n deprive_v by_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n i_o doubt_v you_o will_v find_v it_o do_v not_o come_v up_o to_o the_o point_n in_o question_n since_o the_o queen_n and_o parliament_n have_v then_o new_o declare_v themselves_o protestant_n do_v not_o own_v they_o for_o true_a and_o orthodox_n bishop_n and_o consequent_o think_v they_o may_v just_o depart_v from_o their_o communion_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o account_n may_v deprive_v they_o and_o the_o queen_n may_v then_o nominate_v other_o of_o their_o own_o religion_n in_o their_o place_n f._n i_o can_v but_o differ_v from_o you_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o fack_o as_o you_o now_o relate_v it_o part._n for_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o the_o parliament_n be_v when_o they_o make_v this_o act_n so_o far_o from_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o outward_a communion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n that_o mass_n be_v then_o say_v and_o the_o romish_a priest_n still_o continue_v in_o all_o the_o parish_n and_o church_n of_o england_n and_o yet_o they_o still_o maintain_v a_o outward_a communion_n though_o their_o bishop_n be_v deprive_v by_o the_o civil_a â—ower_n and_o other_o ordain_v in_o their_o stead_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a the_o papist_n themselves_o have_v then_o no_o notion_n of_o this_o new_a cause_n of_o schism_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o bishop_n be_v uncanonical_o deprive_v nor_o indeed_o can_v we_o well_o vindicate_v the_o honour_n or_o legality_n of_o our_o reformation_n if_o the_o protestant_a bishop_n who_o succeed_v in_o the_o place_n of_o those_o who_o be_v thus_o deprive_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v canonical_a because_o their_o predecessor_n deprive_v by_o the_o lay_v power_n be_v still_o alive_a but_o admit_v this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o ever_o it_o have_v be_v thus_o practise_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v then_o reasonable_a and_o do_v upon_o good_a ground_n i_o can_v see_v but_o when_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o church_n and_o state_n require_v it_o and_o that_o the_o clergy_n in_o convocation_n be_v so_o wilful_a and_o wed_v to_o some_o old_a false_a notion_n as_o not_o to_o consult_v the_o peace_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o church_n and_o kingdom_n why_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n who_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v supreme_a over_o ecclesiastical_a as_o well_o as_o temporal_a person_n may_v not_o together_o with_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n make_v the_o like_a law_n now_o as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o first_o of_o queen_n elizabeth_n for_o a_o less_o matter_n for_o none_o of_o those_o popish_a bishop_n though_o they_o believe_v queen_n elizabeth_n to_o have_v no_o better_o than_o a_o parliament_n title_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o ever_o deny_v she_o to_o be_v their_o lawful_a and_o rightful_a queen_n only_o they_o will_v not_o own_v her_o supremacy_n in_o spiritual_a matter_n but_o leave_v the_o far_a discussion_n of_o this_o point_n to_o those_o who_o better_a understand_v it_o i_o will_v glad_o know_v of_o you_o what_o you_o intend_v to_o do_v and_o what_o you_o will_v have_v we_o do_v who_o be_v like_a to_o be_v make_v deputy_n lieutenant_n and_o justice_n of_o peace_n for_o if_o as_o you_o yourself_o allow_v there_o be_v a_o necessity_n that_o some_o civil_a government_n be_v maintain_v during_o king_n james_n absence_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v of_o you_o how_o it_o can_v be_v manage_v and_o who_o shall_v manage_v it_o in_o case_n all_o the_o gentleman_n of_o england_n be_v of_o your_o principle_n and_o shall_v positive_o refuse_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o their_o present_a majesty_n for_o if_o king_n james_n be_v never_o so_o much_o our_o lawful_a king_n it_o be_v not_o now_o possible_a for_o we_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o he_o since_o he_o be_v goâ—e_n and_o god_n know_v whether_o ever_o he_o may_v return_v again_o since_o than_o you_o can_v have_v he_o if_o you_o will_v and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n we_o shall_v be_v govern_v by_o some_o body_n and_o since_o it_o be_v also_o as_o certain_a that_o those_o who_o actual_o govern_v we_o will_v exact_v this_o or_o the_o like_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n from_o we_o as_o be_v due_a to_o their_o predecessor_n and_o that_o no_o man_n must_v expect_v to_o enjoy_v or_o execute_v any_o place_n or_o office_n not_o only_o of_o profit_n but_o of_o burden_n and_o charge_n for_o the_o necessary_a execution_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o maintenance_n of_o civil_a government_n without_o which_o we_o can_v live_v or_o subsist_v without_o take_v this_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n as_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o qualify_v they_o for_o it_o if_o then_o the_o end_n viz._n civil_a government_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o the_o take_n of_o this_o oath_n be_v the_o only_a mean_n allow_v of_o to_o qualify_v man_n for_o it_o this_o seem_v as_o evident_a to_o i_o that_o take_v of_o this_o oath_n be_v not_o only_o justifiable_a by_o law_n but_o by_o reason_n and_o good_a conscience_n since_o it_o be_v do_v for_o the_o high_a and_o noble_a end_n viz._n the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a nation_n or_o common_a wealth_n which_o you_o grant_v can_v subsist_v without_o some_o kind_n of_o civil_a government_n among_o we_o m._n i_o will_v say_v something_o in_o answer_n to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o allege_v concern_v the_o necessity_n of_o take_v of_o the_o oath_n in_o order_n to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o some_o civil_a government_n without_o which_o i_o grant_v the_o king_n good_a subject_n can_v subsist_v till_o his_o return_n since_o i_o confess_v this_o be_v the_o strong_a argument_n you_o have_v yet_o bring_v all_o i_o can_v say_v to_o it_o at_o present_a it_z that_o if_o all_o your_o country_n gentleman_n and_o all_o the_o lawyer_n in_o england_n will_v be_v so_o firm_a in_o their_o loyalty_n to_o his_o majesty_n as_o unanimous_o to_o declare_v that_o they_o can_v take_v this_o oath_n with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n the_o consequence_n than_o will_v be_v that_o either_o the_o present_a usurp_v power_n must_v be_v force_v to_o give_v up_o the_o government_n to_o the_o right_a owner_n or_o else_o they_o must_v at_o least_o desist_v from_o press_v this_o oath_n upon_o you_o f._n you_o know_v well_o enough_o this_o be_v altogether_o a_o vain_a supposition_n since_o you_o can_v but_o be_v sensible_a that_o their_o majesty_n have_v not_o only_o a_o sufficient_a force_n both_o of_o native_a englishman_n and_o foreigner_n on_o their_o side_n who_o can_v force_v those_o that_o shall_v make_v any_o opposition_n to_o the_o take_v it_o and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o many_o fanatic_n and_o commonwealth_n man_n who_o not_o look_v upon_o themselves_o as_o at_o all_o oblige_v by_o your_o notion_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n and_o the_o obligation_n of_o any_o former_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n will_v get_v into_o all_o the_o office_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n and_o destruction_n not_o only_o of_o the_o church_n but_o the_o monarchy_n itself_o which_o be_v as_o yet_o preserve_v though_o the_o person_n
8._o p._n 580_o 581._o w._n all_o burrough_n that_o send_v member_n ancient_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n d._n 8._o p._n 557_o 578._o w._n they_o send_v such_o member_n by_o a_o inherent_a right_n or_o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o sheriff_n ib._n p._n 593._o 604._o c_o cain_n w._n he_o forfeit_v his_o birthright_n by_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o brother_n d._n 2._o p._n 67._o w._n his_o elder_a son_n be_v a_o prince_n over_o his_o brethren_n ib._n canon_n of_o 1640._o their_o validity_n discuss_v d._n 4._o p._n 284._o to_o 286._o king_n charles_n the_o first_o pretend_v commission_n to_o sir_n philim_n o_o neal_n consider_v d._n 9_o p._n 636_o 637._o great_a charter_n of_o king_n johnâ—_n w._n it_o be_v the_o sole_a act_n of_o that_o king_n or_o else_o make_v by_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n d._n 5._o p._n 324._o d._n 7._o p._n 455_o 456._o great_a charter_n of_o hen._n the_o three_o w._n all_o the_o copy_n we_o have_v now_o of_o it_o be_v he_o or_o else_o edward_n i._o his_o charter_n ib._n 461._o child_n how_o far_o and_o how_o long_o bind_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o parent_n d._n 1._o p._n 45._o to_o 52._o christian_n w._n as_o much_o oblige_v to_o suffer_v for_o religion_n now_o as_o in_o the_o primitive_a time_n d._n 4â—_n p._n 230._o to_o 234._o chester_n its_o county_n w._n the_o earl_n thereof_o can_v charge_v all_o his_o tenant_n in_o parliament_n without_o their_o consent_n d._n 7._o p._n 501._o church_n of_o england_n w._n passive_a obedience_n be_v its_o distinguish_a doctrine_n from_o other_o church_n d._n 4._o p._n 292_o 293._o city_n and_o burrough_n more_o numerous_a in_o the_o saxon_a time_n than_o now_o d._n 6._o p._n 379._o to_o 400._o w._n they_o have_v any_o representative_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o iiid_n d._n 5._o p._n 565_o 572._o whether_o city_n and_o burrough_n have_v not_o always_o have_v representative_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n d._n 7._o p._n 505._o clerici_fw-la terras_fw-la habentes_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a who_o they_o be_v d._n 7._o p._n 450.451_o clergy_n a_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o long_o after_o d._n 8._o p._n 544_o to_o 550._o w._n none_o of_o the_o clergy_n but_o such_o as_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la appear_v at_o such_o council_n ibid._n w._n the_o inferior_a clergy_n have_v their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n different_a from_o the_o convocation_n ib._n 546_o to_o 558._o commandment_n vth_o in_o what_o sense_n prince_n be_v comprehend_v under_o it_o d._n 2._o p._n 106._o to_o 109_o &_o 111._o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la w._n that_o phrase_n in_o ancient_a record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v not_o often_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o well_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o as_o afterward_o d._n 7._o p._n 412_o to_o 415._o w._n that_o phrase_n do_v not_o also_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o peer_n and_o commons_o d._n 6._o p._n 416._o the_o drs._n proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n consider_v 417_o to_o 423._o w._n it_o do_v also_o often_o signify_v the_o commons_o alone_o d._n 8._o p._n 572._o to_o 574._o their_o declaration_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o 48th_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o d._n 8._o p._n 581_o to_o 582._o their_o petition_n to_o henry_n the_o five_o their_o protestation_n in_o parliament_n in_o richard_n the_o second_o time_n 584._o commons_o of_o city_n and_o great_a town_n have_v their_o representative_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n found_v by_o the_o ancient_a german_n and_o goth_n ibid_fw-la 607_o to_o 612._o commons_o their_o request_n and_o consent_n when_o first_o mention_v in_o old_a statute_n d._n 5._o p._n 329._o w._n ever_o summon_v to_o parliament_n from_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n the_o three_o to_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n the_o first_o d._n 7._o p._n 522._o commons_o w._n part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n before_o the_o conquest_n d._n 5._o p._n 369_o 372._o the_o word_n commune_v de_fw-la commune_fw-la &_o les_fw-fr commune_v do_v frequent_o signify_v the_o commons_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 6._o 423._o d._n 7._o 423_o to_o 484._o common-council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n w._n different_a from_o the_o common-council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la d._n 7._o p._n 437._o to_o 474._o communitas_fw-la scotiae_fw-la w._n it_o always_o signify_v none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ibid._n p._n 505._o to_o 508._o conquest_n alone_a w._n it_o confer_v a_o right_a to_o a_o crown_n d._n 2._o p._n 128_o 129._o w._n it_o it_o give_v a_o king_n a_o right_n to_o all_o the_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o conquer_a kingom_n d._n 3._o 168._o to_o 170._o w._n any_o conquest_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v make_v by_o king_n william_n the_o first_o d._n 10._o p._n 715._o to_o the_o end_n constitution_n of_o clarendon_n their_o title_n explain_v d._n 6._o p._n 430_o 431._o contract_v originel_n w._n there_o be_v ever_o any_o such_o thing_n d._n 10_o p._n 695_o to_o 709._o d._n 12._o p._n 809_o 8â—3_n convention_n w._n its_o vote_v king_n james_n to_o have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n be_v justifiable_a d._n 11._o p._n 809_o to_o 834._o w._n its_o declaration_n of_o king_n james_n violation_n of_o our_o fundamental_a right_n be_v well_o ground_v ibid._n p._n 816_o 832._o w._n it_o be_v vote_v the_o throne_n vacant_a can_v be_v justify_v from_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n d._n 12._o p._n 839_o to_o 883._o w._n whether_o its_o place_n k._n w._n and_o q._n m._n on_o the_o throne_n may_v be_v also_o justify_v by_o the_o say_a constitution_n ibid._n p._n 883_o to_o 894._o w._n it_o be_v make_v a_o act_n exclude_v all_o roman_n catholic_n prince_n be_v legal_a ibid._n p._n 894_o to_o the_o end_n convocation_n book_n draw_v up_o by_o bishop_n overal_n its_o validity_n examine_v d._n 1._o p._n 6_o &_o 8._o copy_n holder_n why_o they_o to_o have_v no_o vote_n at_o election_n to_o parliament_n d._n 5._o p._n 513._o great_a council_n or_o convention_n the_o only_a judge_n of_o prince_n title_n upon_o any_o dispute_n about_o the_o succession_n or_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n d._n 12._o p._n 895._o d._n 13._o p._n 917._o to_o 919_o 924._o council_n of_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n what_o it_o be_v ancient_o d._n 5._o p._n 334._o great_a council_n or_o general_a convention_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n w._n legal_a without_o the_o king_n summons_n d._n 5._o p._n 353._o d._n 12._o p._n 894._o to_o 898._o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la what_o iâ—_n ancient_o be_v and_o w._n it_o consist_v of_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ibid._n 368._o crown_n w._n it_o can_v by_o law_n be_v ever_o forfeit_v d._n 12._o p._n 833_o 834._o d_o defence_n of_o a_o man_n self_n in_o what_o case_n justifiable_a d._n 3._o p._n 148_o 149._o declaration_n of_o the_o convention_n set_v forth_o king_n james_n violation_n of_o the_o fundamental_a right_n of_o the_o nation_n w._n justifiable_a or_o not_o d._n 11._o p._n 816._o to_o the_o end_n private_a divine_n their_o opiâ—nions_n about_o passive_a obedience_n and_o resistance_n of_o what_o authority_n d._n 4._o p._n 291_o 294._o w._n many_o of_o they_o have_v not_o quit_v the_o ancient_a doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n declare_v the_o pope_n to_o be_v antichrist_n vid._n append._n dispence_v power_n w._n justifiable_a by_o law_n d._n 12._o p._n 119_o to_o 828._o dissolution_n of_o all_o government_n w._n it_o necessary_o follow_v from_o the_o convention_n declaration_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n d._n 12._o p._n 890_o 891._o durham_n w._n its_o bishop_n can_v lay_v tax_n in_o parliament_n on_o the_o whole_a county_n palatine_n without_o their_o consent_n d._n 7._o p._n 501_o 502._o e_o earl_n of_o county_n their_o ancient_a office_n and_o institution_n d._n 5_o p._n 363_o to_o 370._o king_n edward_n the_o second_o be_v depose_v w._n any_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n follow_v thereupon_o d._n 12._o p._n 158_o to_o 861._o queen_n elizabeth_z w._n she_o have_v any_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n ibid._n p_o 872_o 873._o england_n when_o first_o so_o call_v d._n 5._o p._n 362._o englishman_n w._n they_o lose_v all_o their_o liberty_n and_o estate_n by_o the_o norman_a conquest_n d._n 10._o p._n 753._o to_o the_o end_n english_a bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n w._n then_o all_o deprive_v of_o their_o honour_n and_o estate_n ib._n 756_o to_o 762._o english_a saxon_n law_n w._n confirm_v or_o abrogate_a by_o k._n william_n d._n 10._o p._n 760._o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n
in_o pleyn_n parliament_n that_o be_v in_o full_a parliament_n where_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o be_v present_a that_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o lord_n against_o those_o that_o be_v no_o peer_n shall_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o example_n etc._n etc._n now_o pray_v see_v the_o commentary_n of_o the_o most_o learned_a and_o reverend_a author_n of_o the_o grand_a question_n upon_o these_o word_n in_o this_o record_n this_o have_v all_o the_o formality_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o all_o the_o estate_n be_v present_a so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o year_n in_o the_o next_o roll_n but_o one_o accord_v est_fw-la per_fw-la nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr &_o son_n counsel_n in_o plain_a parliament_n which_o be_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n concern_v those_o that_o have_v follow_v the_o earl_n of_o lancaster_n so_o in_o the_o 5_o the_o of_o this_o king_n we_o have_v the_o particular_a mention_n of_o the_o bishop_n as_o some_o of_o those_o who_o make_v a_o full_a parliament_n accord_v est_fw-la per_fw-la nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr prelate_n count_n baron_n &_o autres_fw-fr grands_fw-fr de_fw-fr roiaâ—me_n in_o pleyn_n parliament_n so_o in_o the_o 6_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o ill_n d_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n make_v his_o oration_n in_o pleyn_n parliament_n which_o be_v thus_o explain_v en_fw-fr le_fw-fr presence_n nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr &_o tous_fw-fr les_fw-fr prelate_n &_o autres_fw-fr grantz_n and_o in_o another_o roll_n si_fw-la est_fw-la accord_n &_o assentu_fw-la per_fw-la tous_fw-fr in_o pleyn_n parliament_n and_o who_o these_o be_v we_o be_v tell_v in_o the_o same_o roll_n viz._n les_fw-fr prelate_n count_n baron_n &_o tous_fw-fr les_fw-fr autres_fw-fr summons_n à _fw-fr misme_n parliament_n now_o this_o be_v the_o clear_a explication_n of_o these_o word_n in_o full_a parliament_n viz._n in_o the_o presence_n of_o all_o those_o who_o be_v summon_v so_o that_o if_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o summon_v to_o this_o parliament_n as_o certain_o they_o be_v they_o must_v have_v give_v their_o assent_n under_o the_o title_n of_o grantz_n since_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n be_v particular_o mention_v before_o to_o dialogue_n the_o 10_o the_o p._n 706._o after_o these_o word_n be_v reform_v by_o they_o or_o not_o read_v thus_o and_o that_o king_n james_n the_o first_o himself_o be_v satisfy_v of_o this_o original_a contract_n may_v appear_v by_o his_o own_o word_n in_o a_o speech_n to_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n 1609._o where_o he_o express_o tell_v they_o that_o the_o king_n bind_v himself_o by_o a_o double_a oath_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o his_o kingdom_n tacit_o as_o be_v a_o king_n and_o so_o bind_v to_o protect_v as_o well_o the_o people_n as_o the_o law_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o express_o by_o his_o oath_n at_o his_o coronation_n so_o as_o every_o king_n in_o a_o settle_a kingdom_n be_v bind_v to_o observe_v that_o paction_n make_v to_o his_o people_n by_o his_o law_n in_o frame_v the_o government_n as_o agreeable_a thereunto_o according_a to_o that_o paction_n which_o god_n make_v with_o noah_n after_o the_o deluge_n etc._n etc._n to_o dialogue_n 12._o p._n 874._o after_o their_o successor_n add_v this_o so_o that_o all_o the_o modern_a act_n of_o parliament_n for_o intail_v the_o crown_n be_v make_v and_o ordain_v by_o the_o counsel_n and_o assent_v of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o be_v so_o many_o plain_a declaration_n and_o evident_a recognition_n what_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o english_a government_n be_v in_o that_o grand_a point_n to_o dialogue_n the_o 12_o the_o p._n 898._o after_o the_o word_n of_o the_o say_a parish_n read_v thus_o and_o that_o not_o only_o all_o the_o private_a act_n of_o that_o parliament_n but_o some_o public_a one_o also_o though_o never_o confirm_v in_o the_o follow_a parliament_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o charles_n the_o second_o be_v yet_o hold_v good_a in_o law_n appear_v by_o these_o that_o follow_v viz._n 1._o a_o act_n for_o continuance_n of_o process_n and_o judicial_a proceed_n continue_v by_o which_o all_o writ_n plea_n indictment_n etc._n etc._n then_o depend_v be_v order_v to_o stand_v and_o proceed_v on_o notwithstanding_o want_v of_o authority_n in_o the_o late_a usurper_n and_o therein_o it_o be_v far_o ordain_v that_o process_n and_o proceed_n in_o court_n of_o justice_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n and_o the_o general_a issue_n be_v plead_v till_o august_n 1._o 1660._o as_o if_o the_o act_v make_v during_o the_o usurpation_n for_o that_o purpose_n have_v be_v good_a and_o effectual_a law_n and_o upon_o this_o foot_n only_o stand_v many_o fine_n recovery_n judgement_n and_o other_o proceed_n at_o law_n have_v and_o pass_v between_o april_n 25_o 1660_o and_o august_n 1._o 1660._o 2._o a_o act_n for_o conform_v and_o restore_a of_o minister_n this_o act_n be_v usual_o to_o this_o day_n set_v forth_o and_o plead_v in_o quare_fw-la impedit_n though_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v refuse_v upon_o debate_n to_o be_v confirm_v in_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o 13_o of_o car._n ii_o when_o divers_a other_o act_n of_o the_o same_o time_n be_v confirm_v yet_o both_o these_o act_n have_v no_o other_o authority_n but_o from_o that_o convention_n as_o you_o call_v it_o have_v be_v judge_v and_o constant_o allow_v to_o be_v good_a law_n for_o above_o these_o 30_o year_n to_o dialogue_n the_o 13_o the_o p._n 966._o after_o these_o word_n be_v still_o alive_a read_v this_o and_o to_o show_v you_o that_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n have_v deprive_v even_o bishop_n of_o their_o own_o communion_n and_o that_o such_o deprivation_n have_v be_v hold_v good_a and_o that_o the_o king_n have_v nominate_v new_a bishop_n upon_o the_o vacancy_n you_o may_v see_v in_o dr._n burnet_n history_n of_o the_o reformation_n and_o in_o the_o appendix_n to_o it_o where_o you_o will_v find_v a_o memorable_a act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o 25_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o viii_o before_o his_o departure_n from_o his_o obedience_n to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n whereby_o cardinal_n campegio_n and_o hieronimo_n de_fw-fr ghinicci_n be_v deprive_v of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o salisbury_n and_o worcester_z which_o they_o have_v hold_v for_o near_o 20_o year_n and_o campegio_n have_v without_o doubt_n be_v install_v in_o it_o when_o he_o be_v in_o england_n the_o act_n itself_o be_v so_o remarkable_a i_o shall_v give_v you_o some_o passage_n out_o of_o it_o verbatim_o first_o the_o preamble_n set_v forth_o that_o whereas_o before_o this_o time_n the_o church_n of_o england_n by_o the_o king_n most_o noble_a progenitor_n and_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o same_o have_v be_v found_v ordain_v and_o establish_v in_o the_o estate_n and_o degree_n of_o prelacy_n dignity_n and_o other_o promotion_n spiritual_a etc._n etc._n which_o sufficient_o confirm_v what_o i_o but_o now_o assert_v that_o all_o the_o bishopric_n be_v found_v by_o our_o king_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o grand_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o then_o it_o proceed_v to_o recite_v that_o whereas_o all_o person_n promote_v to_o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n aught_o to_o reside_v within_o the_o realm_n for_o preach_v the_o law_n of_o almighty_a god_n and_o keep_v hospitality_n and_o since_o these_o prelate_n have_v not_o observe_v these_o thing_n but_o live_v at_o rome_n and_o carry_v the_o revenue_n of_o their_o bishopric_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n contrary_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o founder_n and_o to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n of_o the_o realm_n etc._n etc._n in_o consideration_n whereof_o it_o be_v enact_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o this_o present_a parliament_n that_o the_o say_v two_o see_v and_o bishopric_n of_o salisbury_n and_o worcester_z and_o either_o of_o they_o henceforth_o shall_v be_v take_v repute_v and_o account_v in_o the_o law_n to_o be_v void_a vacant_a and_o utter_o destitute_a of_o any_o incumbent_n or_o prelate_n and_o then_o follow_v a_o clause_n enable_v the_o king_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n to_o nominate_v and_o appoint_v successor_n be_v the_o native_n of_o this_o realm_n to_o the_o say_a see_v and_o the_o king_n do_v nominate_v successor_n according_a to_o the_o say_v act._n a_o table_n of_o errata_fw-la the_o author_n occasion_n not_o permit_v 〈…〉_z town_n whilst_o most_o of_o these_o dialogue_n be_v in_o the_o press_n beg_v pardon_n for_o the_o many_o errata_n in_o some_o of_o they_o and_o desire_v you_o to_o correct_v such_o gross_a one_o that_o alter_v or_o disturb_v the_o sense_n viz._n dial._n 1._o p._n â—0_n l_o 24._o for_o author_n r._n authority_n p._n 52._o l._n 37._o for_o four_o r._n 5_o p._n 36._o l._n 38._o for_o right_n r._n rite_n dial._n 2._o p._n 80._o l._n 25._o del_o hundred_o r_o thousand_o p._n 80_o l._n 22._o d._n greek_a p._n 84._o
it_o be_v manifest_a that_o at_o those_o time_n the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v hold_v and_o from_o this_o also_o as_o from_o the_o former_a instance_n that_o the_o barones_n principes_fw-la &_o optimates_fw-la &_o mayres_z regni_n do_v at_o those_o great_a feast_n pro_fw-la more_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n frequent_v the_o king_n court_n and_o be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o constitute_v that_o great_a assembly_n f._n but_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a do_v not_o i_o tell_v you_o but_o now_o that_o the_o king_n do_v often_o convene_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o meet_v the_o bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o one_o of_o these_o feast_n 130._o and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v a_o assembly_n ex_fw-la more_fw-it in_o respect_n of_o they_o but_o extraordinary_a to_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o often_o happen_v at_o other_o time_n as_o well_o as_o at_o these_o feast_n according_a as_o the_o king_n occasion_n require_v when_o all_o the_o other_o be_v summon_v on_o purpose_n m._n i_o have_v already_o answer_v that_o objection_n and_o grant_v it_o may_v be_v so_o it_o do_v not_o prove_v it_o be_v so_o but_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o tell_v i_o what_o you_o can_v say_v to_o this_o expression_n in_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v now_o make_v use_n of_o from_o eadmerus_n regnumâ—ombre_fw-fr convenit_fw-la which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o most_o general_a council_n when_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n then_o meet_v at_o the_o king_n court_n so_o that_o your_o small_a criticism_n upon_o the_o word_n adunato_fw-la conventu_fw-la or_o concilio_n as_o if_o they_o signify_v this_o union_n or_o conjunction_n of_o two_o council_n into_o one_o be_v but_o a_o mere_a pancy_z of_o your_o author_n those_o word_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o gather_n or_o meet_v together_o of_o all_o the_o person_n that_o constitute_v that_o assembly_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n in_o eadmerus_n adlinatis_fw-la without_o either_o praecepto_fw-la or_o sanctione_n regis_fw-la ad_fw-la curiam_fw-la eâ—us_fw-la in_o pascha_fw-la terrae_fw-la principibus_fw-la 90._o i._n e._n the_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v at_o his_o court_n at_o â—aster_n but_o as_o for_o your_o main_a instance_n of_o king_n john_n resigning_n his_o crown_n to_o the_o â—ope_n in_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o not_o of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o confess_v it_o be_v very_o considerable_a if_o it_o be_v true_a for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o in_o all_o the_o charter_n of_o this_o king_n resignation_n the_o word_n you_o mention_v viz._n communi_fw-la concitio_fw-la baronum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la â—re_n insert_v yet_o it_o can_v not_o be_v a_o great_a council_n since_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v at_o that_o time_n summon_v to_o appear_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n of_o france_n i._n yet_o it_o be_v a_o military_a summons_n for_o the_o gather_v together_o of_o a_o army_n and_o not_o for_o the_o meeting_n o_o a_o great_a council_n and_o the_o five_o proscribe_a bishop_n be_v in_o france_n and_o the_o baron_n that_o side_v with_o they_o flee_v beyond_o sea_n and_o not_o dare_v to_o appear_v so_o that_o this_o resignation_n have_v be_v execute_v before_o so_o small_a â—_o number_n of_o baron_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o witness_n to_o it_o viz._n but_o two_o bishop_n the_o chief_a justidiary_n seven_o earl_n and_o three_o baron_n without_o subjoyn_v &_o aliu_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la or_o &_o communitate_fw-la or_o â—ota_fw-la communitate_fw-la it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v any_o more_o present_a so_o that_o this_o can_v not_o be_v such_o a_o council_n as_o be_v constitute_v by_o king_n john_n charter_n that_o be_v it_o be_v not_o a_o parliamentary_a council_n or_o general_a representative_a of_o the_o whole_a nation_n and_o therefore_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o 40th_o of_o edw._n iii_o may_v very_o well_o say_v the_o resignation_n be_v make_v without_o their_o assent_n and_o so_o i_o think_v this_o great_a argument_n of_o you_o come_v to_o nothing_o f._n pray_v do_v not_o triumph_v before_o the_o victory_n for_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o prove_v notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v say_v that_o this_o be_v a_o real_a common_a council_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o which_o king_n john_n resign_v his_o crown_n 234._o though_o not_o of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o i_o prove_v thus_o first_o it_o appear_v by_o all_o our_o historian_n that_o king_n john_n have_v just_a before_o summon_v all_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whoever_o they_o be_v and_o of_o whosoever_o they_o hold_v to_o appear_v in_o arm_n which_o make_v so_o vast_a a_o army_n that_o after_o all_o the_o ordinary_a rabble_n be_v send_v home_o matt._n parls_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o knight_n esquire_n and_o freeman_n that_o stay_v behind_o make_v a_o army_n of_o 60_o thousand_o man_n who_o be_v encamp_v at_o barham_n down_o not_o far_o from_o dover_n where_o this_o resignation_n be_v execute_v so_o that_o this_o be_v almost_o as_o great_a a_o meeting_n as_o that_o at_o run_v mead_n not_o long_o after_o the_o king_n may_v very_o well_o have_v summon_v at_o least_o a_o great_a council_n of_o all_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o countenance_v this_o resignation_n and_o that_o he_o do_v do_v so_o the_o charter_n itself_o say_v express_o which_o have_v it_o be_v otherwise_o will_v have_v appear_v a_o notorious_a lie_n to_o the_o whole_a world_n nor_o do_v your_o objection_n to_o the_o contrary_n prove_v considerable_a first_o you_o say_v this_o be_v only_o a_o military_a summons_n and_o not_o to_o a_o common_a council_n yet_o such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v constitute_v by_o this_o king_n charter_n which_o 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