Archbishop of Canterbury refuses to admit as Judges of the Controversy between him and the King of England the Pope's Legates in the Assembly at Gisors and pleads his own Cause so resolutely that it breaks up without concluding any thing He obtains of the Pope sometime after the revocation of those two Legates A Council at Lateran in which Pope Alexander pronounces a Sentence of Deposition against the Emperor Frederick An Assembly at Gisors in the Month of November The Death of Odo de Deuil Abbot of St. Cornelius at Câ—â—peigne 1169 X. Pope Alexander who had retir'd to Benevento returns thence in the end of the Year The Romans refuse to admit him but on condition that he shou'd order the Walls of Frascati to be demolish'd which he had fortify'd The Pope does it accordingly but the Romans having broke their word he causes Frascati to be refortfy'd and returns to Benâ—â—â—ntâ— XVIII The Emperor is defeated by the Milaneses and escapes with much a-do to Germany An Interview between the Kings of England and and France at St. Denis about the Affair of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury where they come to no Agreement The King of England causes his Son Henry to be Crown'd by the Archbishop of York to the prejudice of the Archbishop of Canterbury to whom this Right belonged XXVII The fruitless Negotiations of two other Legates of the See of Rome concerning an accommodation of the Differences between the K. of England and the Arch-bishop of Canterbury The King of England being dissatisfy'd with the proceedings of these two last Legates desires two others to be sent which suit is granted but they have no better success in their Negociation than the former The Pope revokes the Suspension of the Authority of the Archbishop of Canterbury He Suspends the Arch-bishop of York and the Bishops who assisted at the Coronation of the King of England ab Officio c.   1170 XI The Anti-pope Paschal dies His Partisans Substitute John Abbot of Seruma in his place under the Name of Calixtus III. XIX An Interview between the Kings of England and France at St. German en Laye who conclude a Mutual Treaty of Peace XXVIII Manuel Comnenâ—s causes a Proposal to be made to the Pope for the re-union of the Greek and Latin Churches in case he wou'd cause him to be Crown'd Emperor of the West but the Pope replies that the Matter being of too great difficulty he cou'd not grant his request Theorianus is sent to Armenia by the Emperor Manuel Comnenus to endeavour to procure a re-union between that and the Greek Church He finds means to gain the Patriarch of the Armenians The Interview between the the two Kings at St. Germain en Laye where were present the Legates of the Pope and Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury produce no effect as to the reconciliation of this Prelate with his Prince Rotrou Archbishop of Roan and Bernard Bishop of Nevers are sent by the Pope to the King of England with Orders to suspend the whole Kingdom from Divine Service if he refus'd to be reconcil'd to the Archbishop of Canterbury and to restore Peace to the Church This Prince yields to their Remonstrances and even entreats 'em to promote the Accommodation which is at last terminated this Year Theoâ—old the Kinsman of William of Champagne Archbishop of Sens is ordain'd Bishop of Amiens The Archbishop of York and the Bishops of London and Salisbury whom Thomas Becket had Excommunicated create him new Troubles in England and he is no sooner arriv'd at Canterbury but he is Assassinated in his Church on the Festival of Christmass Pontius the fifth Abbot of Clairvaux is made Bishop of Clermont in Auvergne The Birth of St. Dominick  Henry Arch-bishop of Rheims writes to the Pope and Cardinals in favour of Dreux or Drogo Chancellor of the Church of Noyon Peter of Poitiers Chancellor of the Church of Paris composes his Book of Sentences Robert of Melun Bishop of Hereford Alexis Aristenes Simeon Logotheta John of Cornwall Gerochus Provost of Reichersperg Peter de Riga Canon of Rheims 1171 XII XX. XXIX The King dispatches an Envoy to Rome to clear himself of the Murder of Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury The Pope sends two Legates to oblige him to make satisfaction to the Church and in the mean while Excommunicates the Murderers The King meekly submits to the Penance impos'd on him by the Legates dis-annuls the Customs publish'd at Clarendon and at last receives Absolution at the Door of the Church Richard succeeds Thomas in the Archbishoprick of Canterbury The Assassins of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury come to Rome to get Absolution where the Pope enjoyns 'em to take a Journey to Jerusalem in the Habit of Pilgrims One of 'em perishes by the way and the two others spend the remainder of their Lives in doing Penance being shut up in a place call'd Monte-Nigro   1172 XIII XXI XXX Guarinus or Warinus is constituted the fifth Abbot of St. Victor at Paris Henry II. King of England is absolv'd in the Council of Avranches A Council at Lombez in which the Heretick Oliverius and his Followers call'd Bons Hommes or Good Men are convicted and condemn'd A Council at Cassel in Ireland held in the Month of October A Council at Avranches The Death of Gilbert Abbot of Hoiland 1173 XIV XXII The Young King of England Rebels against his Father who is oblig'd to repair to the Tomb of Thomas Arch-bishop of Canterbury to implore his Assistance XXXI The Canonization of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury  Richard of St. Victor dies March 10. 1174 XV. XXIII XXXII The Canonization of St. Bernard Jan. 18. William Arch Deacon of Tyre is advanced in the Month of May to the Dignity of Arch-bishop of that Church   1175 XVI XXIV The Emperor makes War in Italy XXXIII The Pope approves the Institution of the Order of the Knights of St. James in Spain and of that of the Monks of the Abbey of St. Saviour at Messina Nivelon de Cherisy is made Bishop of Soissons Geffrey Arthur Bishop of St. Asaph who had quitted his Bishoprick by reason of some Disturbances that happen'd in Wales and had retir'd to King Henry's Court who gave him the Abbey of Abington is sollicited in the Council of London to return to his Bishoprick but upon his refusal other Incumbents are provided both for his Bishoprick and Abbey and he remains destitute of a Benefice Geffrey who was translated from the Abbey of Igni to that of Clairvaux going into Italy is there made Abbot of Fossanova and some Years after of Hautecombe A Council at London held on the Sunday before the Festival of the Ascension in which were present the two Henrys Kings of England Geffrey Abbot of Clairvaux William Arch-bishop of Tyre 1176 XVII XXV The Emperor's Army is entirely defeated by the Milanese Forces and that Prince is oblig'd to send Ambassadors to Pope Alexander to sue for Peace XXXIV The
by Pope Urban but his Residence in that City being inconvenient by reason of the excessive Heats he retir'd to a Village near Capua where the Pope soon gave him a Visit upon his arrival at the Siege of Capua which Place was invested by Roger Duke of Apulia After the raising of the Siege the Pope held a Council at Bari in which St. Anselm assisting disputed earnestly against the Greeks about the Procession of the Holy Ghost and entreated the Pope and the Bishops not to excommunicate the King of England When the Council was concluded he accompany'd the Pope to Rome and some Days after the King of England to whom Urban had written that he ought to re-establish St. Anselm in his Metropolitan See sent thither an Ambassador who obtain'd a Demurrer till the Festival of St. Michael St. Anselm being inform'd of the matter determin'd to go to Lyons but the Pope oblig'd him to stay in order to be present in a Council which was to be held at Easter in the Year 1099. Thus he resided during six Months at Rome and was very highly esteem'd in that City The Writer of his Life observes that certain English Men who came to visit him being desirous to Kiss his Feet as it was usually done to the Pope's he would not sufâ—er them to do it and that the Pope admir'd his Humility in that particular Lastly St. Anselm having assisted in the Council of Rome A. D. 1099. in which Laicks who took upon them to give Investitures and those Clergy-men who receiv'd them from their Hands were excommunicated he took leave of the Pope and retir'd to Lyons where within a little while after he was inform'd of the Death of Urban II. and afterward of that of William II. King of England which happen'd in the Month of August A. D. 1100. Henry I. his Successor immediately recall'd St. Anselm to England where he was no sooner arriv'd but he had new contests with that Prince about the Investitures and the Oaths of Allegeance and Supremacy which he refus'd to take Forasmuch as this Affair was regulated at Rome it was requisite that the King should make application to that Court to endeavour to cause the Resolution which had been taken there to be chang'd However St. Anselm reâ—us'd to ordain the Bishops who had receiv'd Investiture from the King and nothing could be obtain'd from Rome Afterward this Arch-bishop being perswaded by the King to take a Journey to Rome to find out some Expedients for the adjusting of that Affair went thither accompany'd with an Ambassador Upon their Arrival the Matter was debated A. D. 1105. in the presence of Pope Paschal II. to whom the Ambassador peremptorily declar'd That the King his Master would sooner be prevail'd upon to part with his Kingdom than with his right to the Investitures The Pope reply'd That he would sooner lose his Life than suffer him to retain it However at last it was agreed upon That the King of England should enjoy certain Privileges which were in his possession but that he should lay no manner of claim to the Investitures Therefore the Excommunication which he was suppos'd to have incurr'd by granting the Investiture of Benefices was taken off but it was ordain'd That those Persons who had receiv'd them from his Hands should remain excommunicated for some time and that the giving them Absolution for that Offence should be reserv'd to St. Anselm The Affair being thus determin'd the Ambassador and St. Anselm set forward in their Journey but when they were arriv'd near Lyons the Ambassador declar'd to him in his Master's name that he was forbidden to return to England unless he would promise him to submit to the Custom which prevail'd in that Kingdom without having any regard to what had been ordain'd to the contrary by the Pope St. Anselm refusing to enter into such an Engagement stay'd some time at Lyons and having pass'd from thence into Normandy at last came to an Accommodation with the King of England on condition that the Churches which King William II. had first made subject to the Payment of a certain Tax should be exempted from it and that his Majesty should restore what he had exacted of the Clergy and every thing that was taken from the Church of Canterbury during the exile of the Arch-bishop After this Agreement which was concluded A. D. 1106. between the King and the Arch-bishop at Bec Abbey St. Anselm return'd to England was re-establish'd in his Arch-bishoprick and enjoy'd it peaceably till his Death which happen'd three Years after in the 16th since his advancement to that Dignity and the 76th of his Age A. D. 1109. St. Anselm is no less famous for his Learning and the great number of his Writings than for his Conduct and the Zeal he shew'd in maintaining the Rights of the Church The largest Edition of his Works is the last published by Father Gerberon and it is that which we shall follow being divided into three Parts The First of these containing Dogmatical Treatises bears the Title of Monologia that is to say a Treatise of the Existence of God of his Attributes and of the Holy Trinity It is so call'd by reason that it is compos'd in form of the Meditations of a Man who reasons with himself to find out Divine Truths and who explains them accordingly as they are discover'd by him It is a very subtil Work and contains a great Number of Metaphysical Arguments He continues to Treat of the same Subject and observes the same method of Writing in the Prostogia where the Person who reason'd with himself in the first Work making his Addresses to God Discourses of his Existence Justice Wisdom Immensity Eternity and of his being the Summum Bonum or Soveraign Good A certain Monk nam'd Gaunilon having perus'd this Treatise could not approve the Argument which St. Anselm makes use of therein to prove the Existence of God taken from the Idea of a most perfect Being We have says he at least the Idea of a most perfect Being therefore this Being of necessity Exists Gaunilon not being able to comprehend this Argument which seems to be a Sophism or meer Fallacy to those who are not endu'd with a sound and penetrating Judgment to discern the force of it wrote a small Tract on purpose to refute it in which he objects every thing that is most subtil and plausible to overthrow this Ratiocination St. Anselm return'd a very solid Answer in which he enervates his Adversary's Objections and makes it appear that his Argument is Rational and Convincing The Treatise of Faith of the Holy Trinity and of the Incarnation Dedicated to Pope Urban II. was written against a French Clergy-man nam'd Rocselin Tutor to Abaelard who undertook to prove That the three Persons of the Trinity are three different Things because otherwise it might be said That the Father and the Holy Ghost were Incarnate St. Anselm being as yet Abbot of Bec began a Treatise to confute
separately and is also to be found among the Historians of Hispania Illustrata Printed at Francfurt A. D. 1603. WILLIAM of APULIA wrote in the end of this Century at the request of Pope Urban II. a Poem on the same Subject Printed separately at Paris in 1652. as also in the Collection of the Historians of Normandy by Du Chesne and in that of the Historiographers of Sicily BERTULPHUS or BERNULPHUS a Priest of Constance besides a Continuation Bertulphus Priest of Constance of Hermannus Contractus's Chronicle and an History of his Time from the Year 1053. to the end of the Century compos'd a Treatise to shew that the Company of excommunicated Persons ought to be avoided and some other small Tracts in favour of Pope Gregory VII which were publish'd by Gretzer in his Apology for Cardinal Bellarmin Printed at Ingolstadt A. D. 1612. NALGOD a Monk of Cluny wrote in the end of the Century the Lives of St. Odo Nalgod Monk of Cluny Othlo Monk of St. Boniface Ingulphus Abbot of Croyland and St. Mayol set forth by the Bollandists and by Father Mabillon OTHLO a Priest and Monk of the Monastery of St. Boniface in Germany is the Writer of the Life of that Saint sometime Arch-bishop of Mentz which was publish'd by Canisius in the fourth Tome of his Antiquities and by Father Mabillon in the second Tome of the third Benedictin Century INGULPHUS an English Man of the City of London the Son of an Officer belonging to King Edward's Court appli'd himself to Study in his Youth and acquir'd so great Reputation for his Learning that William Duke of Normandy passing into England brought him back with his Retinue and made him his principal Minister He undertook a Journey to the Holy Land A. D. 1064. and returning from thence was admitted into the Monastery of Fontanelle of which he was made Prior soon after in 1076. William I. King of England invited him over into this Kingdom and constituted him Abbot of Croyland from whence he had turn'd out Wulketulus but Ingulphus obtain'd leave to retire from that Abbey the History of which he compos'd from A. C. 664. to 1091. It was publish'd by Sir Henry Savil in 1596. and among the Historians of England Printed at London in 1684. This Author died in 1109. THIERRY a Monk of St. Peter at Ghent and afterwards Abbot of St. Trudo in the Thierry Abbot of St. Trudo Diocess of Liege wrote the Lives of St. Bavo St. Trudo St. Rumold and St. Landrada publish'd by Surius Trithemius says That he was likewise the Author of a Life of St. Benedict and of an Account of the Translation of his Body with certain Letters and some other Works in Prose and Verse He flourish'd A. D. 1050. ALPHANUS a Monk of Mount Cassin afterward Abbot of St. Benedict at Salerno Alphanus Arch bishop of Salerno Amatus a Bishop of Italy and at last Bishop of that City from A. D. 1057. to 1086. is reputed to be the Author of divers Hymns in Honour of the Saints and of some other Poetical Pieces referr'd to by Ughellus in the second Tome of Italia Sacra AMATUS a Monk of Mount Cassin and Bishop in Italy although 't is not known of what Church compos'd four Books in Verse dedicated to Pope Gregory VII on the Actions of the Apostles St. Peter and St. Paul and eight Books of the History of the Normans which as they say are kept in Manuscript in the Library of Mount Cassin He likewise wrote certain Poems in commendation of Gregory VII on the Twelve precious Stones of the Breast-plate of the High Priest and on the Celestial Jerusalem HEPIDANNUS a Monk of St. Gall who flourish'd during a considerable part of Hepidannus Monk of St Gall. this Century is the Author of a Chronicle which begins at the Year 709. and ends in 1044. It is inserted in the Collection of the Historians of Germany set forth by Goldastus and Printed at Francfurt in 1606. He likewise compos'd two Books of the Life and Miracles of St. Wiborad dedicated to Ulric Abbot of St. Gall which are referr'd to in the same Place as also by the Bollandists and by Father Mabillon They were written A. D. 1072. and this Author might be Dead in 1080. MARIANUS a Scotch-man or Irish-man by Nation related to Venerable Bede if Marianus Scotus we may give Credit to Matthew of Westminster was born A. D. 1028. turn'd Monk in 1052. pass'd over into Germany in 1058. was ten Years a Recluce in the Monastery of Fulda and spent the rest of his Life at Mentz where he died in 1086. He compos'd a Chronicle from the Creation of the World to A. D. 1083. in which he follow'd Cassiodorus It was continu'd to the Year 1200. by Dodechin Abbot of St. Dysibod in the Diocess of Trier and was Printed in several Places more especially among the German Historians LAMBERT of ASCHAFFEMBURG assum'd the Monastick Habit in the Lambert Monk of Hirsfeldt Convent of Hirsfeldt under the Abbot Meginher A. D. 1058. was ordain'd Priest the same Year by Lupold Arch-bishop of Mentz and soon after undertook a Journey to Jerusalem without the Knowledge of his Abbot from whence he return'd the next Year He compos'd an Historical Chronology from the Creation of the World to A. D. 1077. which is only an Epitome of general History to the Year 1050. and a particular History of Germany of a competent largeness from that Year to 1077. This Work is written with a great deal of Accuracy and Elegancy and there are few German Authors who have shew'd so much Politeness in their Writings It was Printed separately at Tubingen in 1533. and also among the Historians of Germany ADAM a Canon of Bremen in the Year 1077. compos'd four Books of the Ecclesiastical History of his Church in which he treats of the original and propagation of the Adam Canon of Bremen Christian Religion in the Diocesses of Bremen and Hamburg from the time of the Emperor Charlemagne to that of Henry IV. He has annex'd at the end a small Treatise of the situation of Denmark and other Northern Kingdoms of the Nature of those Countries and of the Religion and Manners of the Inhabitants The whole Work was publish'd by Lidembrocius and Printed at Hanaw A. D. 1579. at Leyden in 1595. and afterwards at Helmstadt in 1670. Sigebert and Trithemius make mention of a Benedictin Monk of Mets nam'd ALBERT Albert a Benedictin Monk of Mets. Anselm a Benedictin Monk of Rheims Gonthier Monk of S. Amand. who wrote certain Works and among others an History of his Time dedicated to the Bishop of that Diocess They likewise take notice of another Benedictin Monk of the City of Rheims nam'd ANSELM who compos'd an Historical Account of the Voyage of Pope Leo IX to France of the Synods he held there and of other Affairs transacted by him in that Kingdom This Piece was call'd Pope Leo's Itinerary Lastly Sigebert
Hundred and Tenth Address'd to Arnaud Abbot of Bonneval is the last which he writ before his Death He therein gives his Friend to understand the sad Condition he is in and desires his Prayers These Three Hundred and Ten Letters compose the Ancient Collection of those of St. Bernard compil'd by his Disciples and left in the Monastery of Clairvaux There have since been found several others which are those which follow continuing the Number The Three Hundred and Eleventh is Address'd to Haimeric Chancellor of the Holy See and written in the Name of Hugh Abbot of Pontigni and of St. Bernard It contains Complaints against those who envy other Men's good Actions and excessive Commendations of Haimeric's Conduct in his Ministry The Three Hundred and Twelfth is a Letter of Compliment to Rainaud Arch-Bishop of Rheims In the Three Hundred and Thirteenth written to Geofrey Bishop of York he says that those Monks that have a mind to quit a Life for amore Austere ought not to be hinder'd but after having embrac'd it they are not to be releas'd for fear of becoming Apostates The Three Hundred and Fourteenth is written to Pope Innocent II. about the time that St. Bernard negotiated the Affair of the People of Lombardy with his Holyness He sends him word that he can neither prevail upon those of Cremona nor those of Milan In the Three Hundred and Fifteenth he begs of Maud Queen of England to grant him what he had formerly requested of her in favour of the Abbot of La Chapelle In the Three Hundred and Sixteenth he desires also Henry Arch-Bishop of Sens and Haimeric Chancellor of the Church of Rome not to oppose the Restitution of some Ecclesiastical Goods which a certain Lord has a mind to make to the Monks When Laicks says he who are in possession of Churches orChurch-Revenues have a mind to quit them it is commendable and when they are disposed to give them to the Ministers of God it is doubly so But this being to be done only by the hands of the Bishop he cannot refuse it without being guilty of two Faults nor consent to it without being cause of two good things This Lord requests a thing of you which you ought to have asked of him for which do you think does it better become to be in Possession of Church Revenues a Soldier or a Saint No body that has heard of this Action but has been surprized Make then no more difficulties to receive from Laicks what belongs to the Church and the Ministers of God's Word In the Three Hundred and Seventeenth written from St. Bernard to Geofrey Prior of the Monastery of Clairvaux he gives him to understand that the Church of Rome is at present in Peace that the party of Peter of Leon have done Fealty and Homage to Pope Innocent that in like manner all the Clergy that had sided with that Cardinal were came over to the Pope And in fine that God having thus fulfill'd his Wishes he shall be speedily on his Return This Letter was written in the Year 1138. In the Three Hundred and Eighteenth he acquaints Pope Innocent II. with the Danger the Church of Rheims was in by reason of the great Contests about the Election of an Arch-Bishop In the Three Hundred and Nineteenth he exhorts Turstin Arch-Bishop of York not to lay down his Arch-Bishoprick or in case that he be obliged to do it for some secret Reason or in Obedience to the Popes Commands he advises him to enter into the strictest Cloyster In the Three Hundred and Twentieth he admonishes Alexander Prior of the Monastery of Fountain in England to take care that the Election of a new Abbot be made without Heats and Dispute In the Three Hundred and Twenty First he enjoyns Henry de Murdach to accept of the Abby of Fountain in case he be Elected The Three Hundred and Twenty Second contains wholsom Instructions to a young Monk which he gives to Hugh then but a Probationer and afterwards Abbot of Bonneval The Three Hundred and Twenty Third is written in favour of the Arch-Bishop of Treves against the Abbot of St. Maximin The Three Hundred and Twenty Fourth is a Compliment to Robert Abbot of Dunes who was afterwards successor to St. Bernard in the Abby of Clairvaux In the Three Hundred and Twenty Fifth he writes to the same Abbot that he is not to admit a Probationer if he have not well acquitted himself during his Probation-ship The Three Hundred Twenty Sixth is a Letter from William Abbot of St. Thierry to Geofrey Bishop of Chartres and to St. Bernard against the Error of Abaelard which he has there reckon'd up We shall speak more of this when we treat of the Doctrine of Abaelard The Three Hundred and Twenty Seventh is an Answer of St. Bernard's to this Letter wherein he acquaints him that he intends speedily to have a Conference with him upon that Subject The Three Hundred Twenty Eighth is written to Pope Innocent II. against him that had been chosen Bishop of Rhodes The Three Hundred Twenty Ninth is written to the Bishop of Limoges against the same The Nine Letters following were written in the Year 1140. against Peter Abaelard The Three Hundred and Thirtieth and the Three Hundred Thirty Seventh to Pope Innocent and the rest to the Cardinals The Three Hundred Thirty Seventh is written in the Name of the Bishops of France and contains a Relation of what had passed against Abaelard in the Council of Sens. In the Three Hundred Thirty Ninth he recommends to Pope Innocent Aloisus Bishop of Arras and says that those who have accus'd him are only Calumniators In the Letter following he recommends to the same Pope Ulger Bishop of Anger 's The Three Hundred Forty First is written to Malachy Arch-Bishop of Armagh in Ireland who had sent two young Monks to him to learn the manner of living in Clairvaux with design to found a Monastery of the same Institution St. Bernard promises to send them back well instructed in a short time In the Three Hundred Forty Second he writes to Josselin Bishop of Soissons to appease the King who had been incens'd without cause against Geofrey de Loroux Arch-Bishop of Bourdeaux who had incurred the Displeasure of this Prince by ordaining Grimoard who had been canonically elected Bishop of Poitiers in the Year 1140. The two following Letters were written by Bernard Abbot of St. Anastasius and afterwards Pope Eugenius III. The first to Pope Innocent II. and the second to St. Bernard In both he expresses a great deal of Concern for having been forced from the Monastery of Clairvaux and sent into Italy The Three Hundred Forty Fifth is a Letter of St. Bernard's to the Monks of St. Anastasius to whom he recommends living always in strict observance of their Order and in Charity one towards another He moreover tells them that though any of the Monks be sick they must make use only of some common sorts of Herbs it
baptiz'd by a Laick under this form I Baptize you in the Name of God and of the Holy and true Cross whether the Baptism had been Valid or whether providing the Child had liv'd it must have been Baptiz'd again St. Bernard is of the mind that it had been well Baptiz'd because he cannot think that the difference in words can prejudice the Truth of the Faith and the good Intention of him that Baptiz'd it His reason is because under the word God the Trinity is comprehended and by Adding the Holy and True Cross he had made mention of our Saviour That when one is baptiz'd according to the Custom of the Church in the Name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost and as we may read in the Acts of the Apostles that some were baptiz'd in the Name of Jesus Christ only it cannot be doubted but that those who have been baptiz'd in the Name of the Holy Cross have been sufficiently sanctify'd insomuch that the Confession of the Cross implys the Confession of Jesus Christ Crucify'd Moreover that in respect of him who had baptiz'd his simplicity and good Intention excus'd him but nevertheless that if any should endeavour to Introduce this manner of Baptism they would be Inexcusable This Opinion of St. Bernard disagrees with that of the Divines who maintain that Baptism of this kind is ipso facto Null and Void The Four Hundred and Fourth is Address'd to Albert a Recluse Monk who desir'd of St. Bernard that he might fast after his own fashion and Permit Women to enter into his Cell St. Bernard Answers that he has no power to Command him but that he has several times Advis'd him to Eat at least once a day to receive no visits from Women and to live by hard Labour In the Four Hundred and Fifth he takes Notice to an Abbot that one of his Monks was qualify'd to be Profess'd and therefore he ought not to dispense with him The Four Hundred and Sixth is Address'd to the Abbot of St. Nicholas in the Woods to whom he recommends a certain Monk In the Four Hundred and Seventh he blames Odon Abbot of Beaulieu for not having paid a Legacy to a Poor Man and tells him he had better have Sold a Chalice from the Altar than have suffer'd this Person to want In the Four Hundred and Eighth he recommends to William Abbot of the Regular Canons of St. Martin of Troyes a Clerk who had a mind to retire from the World and who was not able to undergo the way of Living at Clairvaux In the Four Hundred and Ninth Address'd to Rorgon Abbot of Abbeville he makes him a compliment upon his desiring to see him and desires him to bestow a spare piece of Ground belonging to his Abby to the Monks of Alchy In the Four Hundred and Tenth he recommends to Gilduin Abbot of St. Victor of Paris Peter Lombard who was come from Bulloign in France and had been recommended to St. Bernard by the Bishop of Lucca The Four Hundred and Eleventh is written to Thomas Provost of Beverlake in England and contains Exhortations to a Holy Life The Letter following is written upon the same subject to a young Man who had enter'd into a Vow to embrace a Monastick Life In the Four Hundred and Thirteenth he recommends a Probationary Monk to Rainaud Abbot of Foigny Advising him to send him back after he had corrected his Faults In the Letter following he blames a Monk of this Monastery for having Oppos'd the return of this Person By the Four Hundred and Fifteenth he exhorts a Man to perform the Vow he had made to become a Monk of Clairvaux In the Four Hundred and Sixteenth he Answers a certain Person who had complain'd to him that he had had no share of the Alms given by Count Thibaud that he was not concern'd in the Distribution of them The Two following Letters contain nothing remarkable These are all the Letters which are most commonly Ascrib'd to St. Bernard tho' Father Mabillon has Added some others which are doubtful and might very probably have been written by other Persons He also adds some Charters which may reasonably admit of the same doubt all which nevertheless continue the foregoing Numbers The Four Hundred and Nineteenth is An Exhortation to Probationers the which Father Mabillon believes does not belong to St. Bernard by reason that the Stile is more restrain'd and contains Maxims unlike those of St. Bernard such as this That we must Praise God even for our Damnation It likewise appears to me that this Letter differs in stile from those of St. Bernard The Two following Letters are also Unlike the stile of St. Bernard The Four Hundred and Twenty Second is only a short Billet Address'd to King Lewis The Four Hundred and Twenty Third is a draught of a Letter concerning the Croisade which might probably be his as well as the Letter following He therein recommends the Son of Count Thibaud going to the Holy War to Emanuel Commenes Emperour of Constantinople The Four Hundred and Twenty Fifth is a Copy of the Twenty Sixth Letter of St. Bernard The Four Hundred and Twenty Sixth is a Judgment by Arbitration pronounc'd by St. Bernard between Hugh Bishop of Auxerre and William Count of that City The Four Hundred and Twenty Seventh is a Letter from Geofrey Bishop of Chartres to Stephen Bishop of Paris by which he advises him to Refer himself to St. Bernard touching the dispute he had with Stephen de Guarlande The Four Hundred and Twenty Eighth from Bernard Abbot of St. Anastasius to St. Bernard Abbot of Clairvaux concerning a disobedient and haughty Monk The Four Hundred and Twenty Ninth is an Elogium of St. Bernard sent to him by Hugh Metellus a Regular Canon of St. Leon. The Four Hundred and Thirtieth is a Letter from the same written to St. Bernard which contains an Apology for his Monastery The Four Hundred and Thirty First is also from the same written in the Name of Siebaud Abbot of St. Leon to Abbot William to excuse him for having Answer'd the Calumnies of Herbert with too great severity The Two following Letters are written by Haimon Arch-Deacon of Chalons to St. Bernard In the First he acquaints him with his sickness and in the other he sends to him for his Sermons The Four Hundred and Thirty Fourth is a Letter Address'd to St. Bernard to excuse Thierri Bishop of Amiens from his Voyage to the Holy Land The Four Hundred and Thirty Fifth is a Charter by which Sampson Arch-Bishop of Rheims gives to the the Congregation of Clairvaux the Church of Mores which he had Obtain'd from the Monks of St. Denys there to Build a Monastery of his Order By the Four Hundred and Thirty Sixth Henry Bishop of Troyes makes the like Gifts of the Church of Billencourt to the Abby of Clairvaux The Four Hundred and Thirty Seventh is a Letter of Hugh Cardinal Bishop of Ostia to the general Chapter of Cisteaux concerning
Church or to augment its Grandeur In the Second written to Hugh Prior of the Knights Templars he declares That he does not exhort him to make War with the visible Enemies of the Church but to oppose its invisible Enemies and that he would advise him to subdue Vice rather than to attack the Infidels In the Third he comforts Pope Innocent II. and exhorts him not to be surpriz'd at the Efforts made against him by the Schismaticks avouching at the same time that there can be but one Pope and that the whole World ought in a manner to be look'd upon as his Diocess In the last he writes to the Monks of the Carthusian Convent at Durbon near Marseilles That he had caus'd a Collection to be made of St. Jerom's Letters and had corrected a great number of Faults which had crept into them declaring also That he retrench'd from that Collection those Letters which the meanness of the Style or the difference of the Conceptions made it appear to be unworthy of that great Man He likewise makes a Catalogue of the latter and passes a very judicious Censure upon them which shews that Solitude and the practice of Piety do not hinder a Man from applying himself to Study and that the Art of Critique is not incompatible with Morality and Spiritual Exercises St. NORBERT ST NORBERT a Native of Santen a Village of the Country of Cleves the Son of Herbert and Hatwiga was educated in the Palace of Frederick Arch-bishop of Colen and St. Norbert afterwards brought to the Court of the Emperor Henry V. He was admitted among the Clergy and receiv'd the Orders of a Deacon and Priest on the same day He was made a Canon in his native Country and enjoy'd divers other Spiritual Livings But being afterwards transported with an extraordinary Zeal he addicted himself to Preaching with the Permission of Pope Gelasius II. and having quitted his Benefices and distributed his whole Estate to the Poor he embrac'd a more regular Life He converted by his Preaching many Hereticks and a great number of Sinners Upon his arrival at Laon being entreated by Bartholomew Bishop of that City not to leave his Diocess he was prevail'd upon by the request of that Prelate and chose for the place of his abode a dismal solitude call'd Premontre where he retir'd A. D. 1120. and there founded the Order of Regular Canons which bears that Name and which was confirm'd five Years after by Pope Honorius II. in 1126. Some time after St. Norbert was sent for to Antwerp to confute Tanchelin or Tanchelm accus'd of Heresie and was constrain'd the next Year to accept of the Arch-bishoprick of Magdeburg He assisted in the Council held at Rheims A. D. 1131. in favour of Innocent II. took a Journey to Rome when that Pope was re-established by the Emperor Lotharius and died in 1134. There is only extant a small moral Discourse written by him in form of an Exhortation and directed to the Monks of his Order STEPHEN HARDING Abbot of Cisteaux ROBERT Abbot of Molesme who first founded the Monastery of Cisteaux A. D. 1098. with Robert Abbot of Molesme 21 Monks of his Abbey whom he brought into that Solitude had not long the Government of it for the next Year he was oblig'd by the Pope's special Order to return to his own Monastery Alberic who succeeded him and govern'd Cisteaux during nine Years and a half gave no other Rule to his Monks but his Example Afterwards STEPHEN HARDING Stephen Harding Abbot of Cisteaux descended of a noble Family in England one of the 21 Monks who came from Molesme with Robert being chose Abbot of Cisteaux apply'd himself to the compleating of that Order and may justly be reputed the Founder of it For he was the first that held general Chapters of the Convents of the Cistercian Monks and made a kind of Rule which was common to all those Monasteries He call'd it the Charter of Charity and publish'd it in 1119. It was approv'd by Pope Calixtus II. It is divided into Thirty Chapters which contain the particular Rules to be observ'd by those Monks and is compriz'd in the Monologia Ordinis Cisterciensis printed at Antwerp in 1635. and in the Annals of the same Order printed at Lyons in 1642. There are also extant in the Bibliotheca Cisterciensis a Treatise call'd The small beginning of the Cistercian Order A Sermon on the Death of Alberic And a Discourse made to St. Bernard when he receiv'd the Monastick Habit which bear the name of that Abbot of Cisteaux BRUNO Bishop of Segni BRUNO of Asti Canon of the Cathedral Church of that City and afterwards of that Bruno Bishop of Segni of Sienna went to Rome in the time of Pope Gregory VII in whose presence he disputed against Berengarius and by way of recompence was made Bishop of Segni He retir'd to Mount Cassin under Paschal II. who was offended at his retreat and drew him out of that Monastery to send him in Quality of his Legate into France and Sicily He govern'd the Abbey of Mount Cassin for some time but afterwards return'd to his Bishoprick and died there A. D. 1123. The Works of this Author were publish'd by Maurus Marchesius a Monk of Mount Cassin who caus'd them to be printed in two Tomes at Venice in 1651. The First contains his Commentaries on the Pentateuch on the Books of Job Psalms and Canticles and on the Revelation of St. John in which he adheres more to the Moral than to the other Senses of the Text. In the Second are compris'd Forty five Sermons on the Gospels of the whole Year the greatest part of which were printed under the Name of Eusebius of Emisa and St. Eucherius A Treatise on the Song of Zachariah Another of the Incarnation and Burial of Jesus Christ in which he enquires how long our Saviour continued in the Sepulchre A Tract to prove the use of Unleaven'd Bread against the Greeks An Explication of certain Ceremonies of the Church The Life of Pope Leo IX A Treatise about the Corruption of the Age proceeding as he says from Simoniacal Practices in which he discourses of the Invalidity of Ordinations made by Simonists and of those of Persons guilty of that Crime The Life of St. Peter of Anagnia Two Letters viz. One directed to the Bishop of Porto and the Other to Pope Paschal Six Books of Sentences or Moral Discourses on divers Subjects which some have attributed to St. Bruno Founder of the Carthusian Order and which Marchesius restor'd to Bruno of Segni upon the Credit of Petrus Diaconus by reason of the conformity of the Style and in regard that the Author of these Discourses makes it appear that he observ'd St. Benedict's Rule and that he wrote on the Apocalypse To these Works are annexed a Commentary on the Book of Psalms by ODO a Benedictin Odo a Benedictin Monk of Asti. Monk of Asti dedicated to Bruno of Segni The
Companions The Life of S. Pirmin by Henry of Calva The History of Schur and of the Abbots of that Monastery by Conrad Prior of Schur The Life of S. Notger the Lisper by Eckerhâ—â—d The Histories of Philip Augustus Lewis VIII and Philip the Hardy Kings of France by Rigord William the Briton and William of Nangis The Life of S. Francis by Fabiâ—â— Hugeline Conrad of Everbak's Treatise of the Original of the Order of Citeaux The Life of S. Wulfran by John Gal. The Lives of S. Bearice and Aldegonda and of S. Amand by Albertus The Lives of the blessed Joseph Herman and S. Anthony of Padua by two Anonymous Writers The Chronicle of the Abbey of S. Andrew by William Abbot of that Abbey The History of the beginnings of the Order of Preaching Fryars and a Circular Letter on the Translation of the Body of S. Dominick by Jordanus The Narrative of the Translation of our Saviour's Crown of Thorns by Walter Coâ—â—â— and Gerard Monk of Lisle The Lives of S. Ivetta and S. Ives by Hugh of â—oreff The History of the Life and Miracles of S. Elizabeth by Conrad of Mapurg The Life and Miracles of S. Francis by Thomas of Celano The Life of S. Mary d'Oignies by James of Vitry The Life of S. Isidore by Luâ—e of Tuy The Lives of S. Lâ—â—garda S. Mary d'Oignies S. Christina and S. Margaret of 〈◊〉 By Thâ—â—â—â— of 〈◊〉 Gerard of Frachet's â—istory of the Illustrious Men of the Dominican Order The Life of S. William Bishop of S. Brieu by Godfrey the Bald. The History of the Bishops of Liege by Giles Monk of Orval The Chronicle of Mentz by Conrad a German Bishop The Life of S. Osith by Alberic Verus The History of the State of Hungary by Roger. The Life of S. Dominick by Constantine of Orvieâ—o The Life of S. Edâ—iga by Engelbert The History of the Life and Translation of S. Edmund by Robert Rich and Robert Bacon The Life of S. Claire by an Anonymous Author The Lives of the two Offa's Kings of Mercia and of the twenty three first Abbots of S. Albans by Matthew Paris The Life of S. Godoberta by an anonymous Author The Lives of John Bishop of Tournay and of S. Eleutherius by Gilbert of Tournay The Life of S. Richard Bishop of Chichester A Chronicle of the Order of Carmelites by Sanvic The Lives of the Abbots of the Abbey of S. Augustine in England by Thomas Spott The Life of S. Peter the Martyr a Dominican by Thomas of Lentini Mark Paul's Relation of Expeditions The History of Tobit and Tobias in Verse by Matthew of Vendome The Life of S. Leuis by Geofrey of Beaulieu and William of Chartres The History of the Dominicans of Colmar by an Anonymous Author of that Order The Lives of S. Dominick and S. Elizabeth by Thierry of Apolda The Life of S. Meinulphus by Gobelinus The Chronicle of the Bishops of Hildesheim by Egehard The History of the Monastery of Gloucester by Gregory of Winchester The Life of S. Alban by Sigeard The Life of S. Mattildis by Engelhard A Treatise of Famous Men by Henry of Gand. The Golden Legend of James of Voragines The History of the Abbots of S. Germain of Auxerre by Guy of Munois The Life of Guy Earl of Warwick The Relation of the Expedition of the Catalonians and Artagonians against the Turks and Greeks Works of Morality Innocent III. His Treatise of Alms and the Praise of Charity Alanus's Book of Sentences or of Memorable Sayings His Treatise concerning the honest Man Intitul'd Anticlodianus His Complaint of Nature against the Sin of Sodomy Walter Mapes's Poetical Pieces S. Anthony of Padua's Moral Concordances on the Bible Ricerus's Treatise of the Methods of easily attaining the Knowledge of Truth Treatises Of Faith and the Law Of the Vertues Of the Manners Of Vices Of Sins Of Temptations Of the Merit of Good Works Of Divine Rhetorick or Prayer Of Pennance By William Bishop of Paris A Moral Mirrour by Vincent of Beauvais His Instruction for the Children of Kings His Consolatory Letter to King S. Lewis Raymond of â—â—â—nafort's Cases of Conscience A Body of Vertues And the Treatise Intitul'd The Destroyer of Vices ascrib'd to Alexander of Hales Several Treatises of S. Bonaventure Several Works of S. Thomas William Perault's Body of Vertues and Vices Thomas of Chantpre's Piece Intitul'd The Universal Good Flowers taken out of S. Bernard by William Monk of S. Martin of Tournay Works of John de Galles An Historical Collection of the Examples of Vertues and Viecs by Nicholas of Hanaps call'd The Poor Man's Bible John the Teutonick's System of Confessors William of S. Amour's Treatises Works of Piety Innocent III. His Treatise of the Contempt of the World His Commentaries on the seven Penitential Psalms His Prayers His Hymns Works attributed to S. Celestine the Pope S. Francis's Works of Piety S. Anthony of Padua's Mystical Expositions S. Edmund's Mirrour of the Church S. Thomas's Office of the Holy Sacrament and his other Works Cardinal Hugh's Mirrour of the Priests David of Augsburgh's Works of Piety Robert of Sorbonne's Three Discourses of Piety Gilbert of Tournay's Treatises of the Tranquillity of the Soul The Treatise of the City of Jesus Christ by John Genes of La Caille The Works of S. Gertruda and of S. Mattildis Thomas Palmeran's Flowers of the Bible and of the Fathers Anand Suson's Works of Piety Richard of S. Lawrence's Twelve Books of the Praises of the Virgin Mary Monastical Treatises The Carmelites Rule by Albertus Patriarch of Jerusalem S. Francis's Works Several Treatises of S. Bonaventure Humbert de Romans's Works Three Tracts of David of Augsburgh Sermons and Works for Preaching Alanus's Summary of the Art of Preaching Pope Innocent III. his Sermons His Discourse for the Consecration of the Pope Absalom Abbot of of Spinkerbac's Sermons Wernerus's Postillary Sermons Caesareus of Heisterbac's Sermons S. Anthony of Padua's Sermons Philip of Greve's Sermons on the Psalms James of Vitry's Sermons Albertus Magnus's Sermons William Perault's Sermons father'd on William of Paris Sermons and an Instruction for Preachers by Humbert of Romans Gilbert of Tournay's Sermons Martinus Polonius's Sermons Gerard of Liege's Mirrour for Preachers James ' of Voragine's Sermons and Marial John the Teutonick's System of Preachers The Panygerick of Nicetas Acominates Choniates by Michael Acominates Choniates his Brother Germanus Nauplius's Sermons Philosophical Works John XXI His Philosophical Works Vincent of Beauvais's Doctrinal and Natural Mirrour Albertus Magnus's Philosophical Works Philosophical Works and Commentaries on Aristotle by S. Thomas Bacons's Philosophical Works A General INDEX of the Principal Matters contained in this Volume A. Abbesses Of their Duties page 93 Abbeys The Alienation of their Goods prohibited 125 Abbots The Election of an Abbot nul if he were not a Monk 31. The exacting of any thing for the Benediction of Abbots prohibited 102. Of their Conduct and Duties 93 103 108 109 114 115 131. The Functions which they are prohibited to perform
third 7 Years after the end of the second and for the future one should be held every ten Years in such Places as the Pope should appoint at the end of each Council with the consent and approbation of the Council it self That his Holiness with the advice of the Cardinals might shorten this time but not prolong it and that he could not change the place without necessity in which case he must give notice and appoint another place a Year before-hand That in case of Schism assoon as any two Persons appear'd who took upon them the Title of Popes the Council should be held the next Year and all those who were wont to be present at the Council should immediately resort thither That the two Competitors should be suspended from all Administration and all Power assoon as the Council was open'd That in case any Election of a Pope should be made by Violence or a considerable Fright it should be null but that the Cardinals could not proceed to a new Election until the Council had judg'd of the Validity of that which had been made and that if they should proceed to do it the Election should be null and they should be depriv'd of their Right to choose and be degraded from their Dignities The Council after this prescrib'd a Form of Faith which the Popes should be bound to profess for the future after their Election and added to it two Constitutions one by which they forbid to translate Prelats against their Will to other Churches and the other by which they abolish'd the Right which the Pope assum'd to himself of receiving the Revenues of deceas'd Prelats and the Exactions of the Rights of Visitation and Procuration In the 40th Session held October the 30th a Decree of the Council was publish'd wherein they ordain'd That the future Pope shall join with the Council or with those that shall be deputed by the Nations in taking care to reform the Church in its Head and Members and also the Court of Rome according to Equity and as was necessary for the good Government of the Church before the Council should be dissolv'd upon the Articles presented by the Nations which are 1. Concerning the number and quality of the Cardinals 2. About Reservations made to the Holy See 3. Concerning Annates 4. About the Collation of Benefices and the Promises of them when they shall be vacant and about Confirmations of Elections 6. About Causes which ought to be pleaded at Rome or elsewhere 7. About Appeals to the Court of Rome 8. About the Offices of the Chancery and the Penitentiary 9. About Exemptions and Unions made during the Schism 10. About Commendams 11. About the Profits of vacant Benefices 12. Against the Alienation of the Revenues of the Roman Church 13. About those things for which the Pope ought to be punish'd or depos'd 14. About the Extirpation of Simony 15. About Dispensations 16. About Provisions in the Name of the Pope and the Cardinals 17. About Indulgences 18. About Tithes All these Articles were disputed between the Nations and the Cardinals but that about Annates The Contests about Annâ—tes was longest debated for most Voices among the Nations carried it That Annates were not at all due and that this claim of Right ought not to be suffered and that so much the rather because John XXIII had abus'd it extravagantly by exacting many Annates of vacant Benefices several times in the same Year The Cardinals on the contrary were of Opinion That these Abuses ought to be reform'd but the Right of Annates and mean Services should be maintain'd and caus'd an Article to be drawn up after the following manner That the Tax set down in the Registers of the Apostolick Chamber shall be paid for vacant Churches and Monasteries to furnish the Pope and Cardinals with Means for their Maintenance That if any of these Taxes were exorbitant they should be reform'd That they should be paid but once for one Church or Monastery in case it should happen to be vacant twice in one Year This Project being communicated to the Nations they consulted about seven Days and at last concluded That Annates ought to be wholly taken away for the time past the present and the future The Cardinals defended this Right by John de Scribanis their Proctor who appeal'd from this Conclusion to the future Pope The Nation of France who had the greatest Hand in this Affair gave a large Answer to this Appeal wherein they gave a Reason for the Resolution of the Nations and maintain'd that the Annates cannot be defended by any Priviledge Custom or Prescription that excepting the Benefices vacant in Curia there is no Rule of Law which favours these Annates That the original of them came from a Reservation which John XXII made of one part of the Revenues of Dignities and Benefices except Abbies for a certain Journey beyond Sea and other urgent Occasions That upon this account the Church pays nothing for Abbies in England That this Pope also excepted the Bishopricks and made divers Restrictions to his Ordinance That since his time many Popes had made the like Reservation for certain Causes which they express'd That the Clergy Princes and People had sometimes endur'd them but being at other times found too chargeable they had refus'd to pay them as they had done in England and that they might do it with Reason and Justice especially because the Causes for which they were at first establish'd had now ceas'd That the granting the Revenue of one Year of Prelacies and vacant Abbies was introduc'd by the voluntary and free Oblation which some of those whose Election was confirm'd made to the Holy See That it had the name of Common Service because it was divided among the Officers of the Court of Rome and that afterwards a Law was made to oblige Men to do it under pretence of Custom That a Valuation had been made of Benefices That this Exaction was Simoniacal or at least suspected of Simony and therefore could not be authoriz'd by any Custom or Prescription That altho' Annates might lawfully be exacted yet it was convenient to abolish them upon the account of the Complaints Violences Scandals Oppressions and Quarrels they had caus'd and did cause every Day That France had been forc'd to take them away by Provision That it had demanded the Supression of them from the Pope who had promised it and did still demand the same at present of the Council Afterwards they answer'd the Reasons alledg'd by John de Scribanis to oppose the Resolution of the Nations and justify the Annates He objected as to the manner in which this Resolution was made that they had not proceeded to a Scrutiny nor propos'd the thing to the Deputies of the Nations To this it was answer'd That there was no Law made for deliberating always by the way of Scrutiny and that there were many Affairs about which they had consulted only viva voce but
The Protestants took care to have this little Book of Ratramnus at divers times Printed and Translated There are extant some old Translations of it Printed in 1558 and 1560 and a New one published in 1653. But the Best of these is that which was Printed at London 1686 with an Excellent Preface vindicating Bertram from all Popish Objections with much Reason and Learning The other Treatises of Ratramnus have not been so well known nor so often publish'd and have not appear'd in publick before this Century His two Books concerning Predestination The Editions of the other Books of Ratramnus were Printed in the Collection made by Father Mauguin of the Authors of the Ninth Century upon Grace published in 1650. Tom. I. p. 29. and are since put in the Biblioth Patrum Tom. XV. and his two other Works viz. That of our Saviour's Birth of the Virgin Mary and the Four Books against the Greeks were put out by Father Dacherius That of our Saviour's Birth in the Fourth Tome of his Spicilegium which came out Anno 1655 and the Four Books against the Greeks in the Second Tome of the same Collection Printed in 1657. Johannes a Surnamed Scotus or Erigena from Ireland his Countrey All the Ancients assure us that this Author was a Scot Hincmarus speaking of him L. 1. de Praedest c. 31. has these words Auctor jactitatur à multis Joannes Scotigena Anastasius the Library-keeper Joannem imò Scotigenam And Pope Nicholas in a Letter to Charles the Bald Quidam ut Joannes genere Scotus The other Authors of that Time that Wrote against him call him John Scot or simply Scot. And 't is well known that in those Times Ireland not Scotland was called by the Name of Scotia Trithemius gives him the Name of Erigena or Eringena which imports the same with Scot Ireland in the Language of his Country being called Eri or Erin Surnamed Scotus or Erigena from Ireland his Native Countrey Johannes Scotus Erigena had likewise a great share in the Contests about the Eucharist and Grace He came into France about the beginning of the Reign of Charles the Bald b He came into France in the beginning of the Reign of Charles the Bald. In 851. he had already raised his Reputation so high that he was consulted about the Question of Predestination as we have already observed which is an Argument that he was come hither before that Time that is about the beginning of Charles his Reign But 't is not likely that he did not come with Alcuinus to Found the University of Paris or that he was a Disciple of Beda as some Authors have pretended because he died not till about the year 870. And being a Man of Parts and Learning a good Peripatetick and well skilled in the Greek Language which few People were then well acquainted with in these Parts c He became in a little time very eminent Pope Nicholas says of him That he was a noted Man in the University of Paris These are his words Aut certè Parisiis in Studio cujus jam olim capital fuisse perhibetur Certain it is that Charles had a singular esteem for him by whom he was Consulted about the Question of the Eucharist as he was by Hincmarus and Pardulus about the Doctrine of Predestination c. he got himself a good Fame and was accorddingly regarded by the King who had a particular respect for Learned Men. But having introduc'd some Errors for which he was Cited by Pope Nicholas I. who Writ to Charles the Bald to send him to Rome or to expel him from the University of Paris in which he made a good Figure he took a dislike to France and d Withdrew or Flâ—d into England Quare Haereticus putatus est says Simeon Dunelmensis cujus Opinionis paâ—ticeps fuisse dignoscitur Nicolaus Papa qui ait in Epistolâ ad Carolum Relatum est Apostolatâ—i nostro c. Propter hanc ergo Infamiam taeduit eum Franciae c. Matthew of Westminster and William of Malmesbury speak much to the same purpose Pope Nicholas I. being dead in 868. if Scot was forced by his Letter to return into England he must have gone thither towards the year 864 which however does not agree with the Tâ—stimony of those Authors who affirm That he was called thither by King Alfred who did not begin to addict himself to Learning till after the year 880 and that he was Companion to Grimbaldus who quitted France not till after that year it appearing by a Charter that he was yet residing in his Abbey Anno 880. withdrew into England about the year 864 where he died e About the year 874. Anastasius the Library Keeper in a Letter to Charles the Bald dated the 10th of the Calends of April Anno 875. speaks of him as of a dead Man Which is another Argument against those Mens Opinion who make this Scotus a Tutor to King Alfred and Companion to Grimbaldus What Death he died is a Thing very uncertain The forementioned Historians and many others say That he suffer'd Martyrdom and that he was slain by Children that Stabbed him to Death with Pen-knives But William of Malmesbury the first who related this Story which was convey'd from him to the rest speaks dubiously of it 'T is true he relates certain Verses made in honour of John the Sophister Written upon a Monument of Malmesbury-Church where it is said That he died a Martyr but there is no certainty whether that John the Sophister be the Person we speak of or another Man But this is certain that neither Berengarius nor his Scholars who have so much magnified John Scot never contended for his Martyrdom Nor does it appear that those Authors who were Contemporary with him or that Writ soon after his Death did ever give him the Title of a Martyr 'T is possible the Abbot of Etheling's Death who was Stabb'd by some Assâ—ssins imploy'd by his Monks might be appâ—ly'd to John Scot so that by disguising the Story in some measure he might be supposed to be the Man who was with Pen-knives Stabbed by Scholars And by dating his Martyrdom on the 4th of the Ides of November the day on which another John Scot a Bishop was killed Anno 1060 three distinct Johns will be blended into one with the Epithet of Sophista proper to our Scot that of Martyr proper to the Abbot of Etheling and the Day of the Bishop's Death However we Read in the Book of English-Martyrs and also in a Roman Martyrology Printed at Antwerp in 1586 these Words Eodem Die speaking of the Fourth Day of the Ides of November Sancti Joannis Scoti qui Graphiis Puerorum confossus Martyrii Coronam adeptus est But there 's no such Thing to be found in all the other Roman Martyrologies The Reason why I dâ—te not his Death before the year 874 is because in some Greek and Latin Verses Written upon an
Agobard's Works There are also two other Letters of this Popes one upon the Affair of Adlricus Bishop of Mans whose cause he would have had brought before him and in the mean time his Title of Bishop to cease And the other upon the Deposing of Ebbo which he disapproves of and condemns of Violence This Pope's Letters are in Tom. VII of the Councils Sergius the II. succeeded Pope Gregory the IV. in the year 844. We have but one Letter of this Pope's by which he makes Drogo Bishop of Mets his Vicar general in the Countries on the other side Sergius II. of the Alps in consideration that he was Uncle to the Children of Lewis the Godly and besides was very fit for that Office He gives him power to Assemble the National Councils of all that Country to examine the Cases of those that shall appeal to the Holy See and to prepare those of Abbots and Bishops He forbids any to Appeal to Rome that have not first had their Case Examined in a Provincial Synod or in that of the Vicar General because an Affair may be better understood in a place where it is Transacted than any where else This Letter is Directed to all the Bishops on the other side the Alpes 't is written with a great deal of weight and worth This Letter is Printed in Tom. VII of the Councils p. 1799. Leo the IV. was chosen Pope after the death of Sergius the II. the twelfth of April in the year 847. He Governed the Church of Rome eight years three Months and some days during this Leo IV. time he wrote divers Letters but there are but two of them come to us entire and it is not very certain they are his The first is a short Letter Directed to Prudentius Bishop of Troyes by which he commands him to Consecrate an Abbey for Ademarus and his Monks which was to depend upon the Holy See The second is sent to the Bishops of England who had consulted him upon many Articles and particularly about Simoniacal Bishops he orders that such should be tryed in a Council He afterwards gives them a satisfactory Answer to their other Questions Concerning the first he says 1. That the Hierarchy consists of Bishops and Clergy-men 2. That every Bishop is to govern his Diocess by his Priests and other Clergy and make his Visitations 3. That Priests ought not to be obliged by them to carry the Eulogies to the Councils 4. That Charms are a sort of Witchcraft 5. That no Body ought to Marry his Kinswoman That the Bishops ought to regulate their Judgments by the Canons of the Councils and the Decrees of the Popes Silvester Fericus c. but might also make use of the Authorities of St. Jerom St. Austin and St. Isidore We have some Fragments of a Letter of Leo against Nomenocus Duke of Britain of another to Lotharius in which he refuses the Pall to the Bishop of Autun and of a third to Hincmarus concerning the Council of Soissons Lastly There is a Discourse attributed to this Pope Directed to the Priests and Bishops containing a great many Instructions relating to their Ministry and Duty All these Letters of Pope Leo are put into the VIII Tome of the Councils p. 30. Benedict the III. of that name was chosen in July 855. after the death of Leo the IV. His Election Benedict III. was opposed by a Priest called Athanasius who through the favour of the Commissioners of the Emperour possest himself of the See and Palace of Rome he also put Benedict into Prison But at last such as espous'd Athanasius's Cause were forc'd to yield and to Depose him themselves and to acknowledge Benedict This Pope was but two years and an half in the Papal Seat and we have but two Letters of his One to Hincmarus concerning the Council of Soissons and the Privileges of the Church of Rheims and the other to the Bishops of Charles's Kingdom by the which he Cites to Rome Hubert Son of Boson who had quitted his Profession of a Clergy-man and liv'd a lewd and irregular Life There are also two other Letters attributed to this Pope One to confirm the Privileges of the Abbey of Corbey and another to ratifie those of the Abbey of S. Denis But since these Writings are doubtful and particularly the last we shall insist no longer upon them These four Letters are printed together in Tom. VIII of the Councils Nicholas the first Son of Theodorus a Roman was Ordain'd Sub-Deacon by Pope Sergius and Deacon by Pope Leo the fourth He acquired a great Reputation under the Pontificate of Benedict the Nicholas I. third He was chosen after the death of this Pope by the Clergy and Grandees of Rome to his See in the Year 858. and was Consecrated in presence of the Emperour Lewis the 22th of April He had at the beginning of his Pontificate a Difference with John Arch-Bishop of Ravenna against whom many had brought Complaints to the Holy See He cited him three several times to a Synod of Rome But this Arch-Bishop not appearing he Excommunicated him John upon this had immediate recourse to the Emperour who was then at Pavia and afterwards came to Rome with some Officers which that Prince sent to accompany him The Pope told those Officers That they ought not to joyn themselves with one that was Excommunicate and at the same time cited John to the Synod that was to be held in November But instead of obeying John immediately left Rome The Senators of Ravenna and the People of Aemilia prayed the Pope to come himself in Person to Ravenna to reform the Disorders that John had caused there He went and restored to the People of Aemilia and Pentapolis the great Riches that John and his Brother had got into their possession John fled to Pavia to beg the assistance of the Emperour Lewis but this Prince counselled him to submit to the Pope and to reconcile himself to him Which he did and the Pope gave him Absolution from the Heresie of which he cleared himself and received him again into his Communion And upon the Complaints of the Bishop and People of Aemilia he order'd him to come every year to the Synod at Rome To Ordain no Bishops but such as were chosen by the Duke Clergy and People and whose Election was first confirm'd by the Holy See To permit the Bishops of Aemilia to come to Rome when they pleased To exact nothing of them and not to seize upon any Revenues under pretence that they belong'd to him till it was plainly determined by the Holy See or Commissioners from it that they did really belong to him This Decree of the Pope was approv'd of by the Synod This Affair was follow'd by many others of greater Consequence which Nicholas maintain'd with a great deal of Courage and Vigour The principal are the Intrusion of Photius and the unjust Deposing of Ignatius The Divorce of Thietberga The Deposing of Rolhadus
decide this difference of which he inform'd Charles the Simple in another Letter The two Competitors obey'd and came both to Rome where the Cause was decided in favour of Richerus who was ordain'd Bishop of Liege by the Pope and Hilduin was excommunicated This contest began in the year 920 and ended in the year 922. The third Letter of Pope John X. is directed to the Bishops of the upper Narbonnois The Church of Narbonne which was the Metropolis of that Country being vacant Agius had been elected into it according to the Canon but a powerful man named Gerard possess'd himself of that Archbishoprick having counterfeited Letters from the Pope John X. disowns them in this Letter and declares that he would not give him a grant thereof when he came to Rome tho he was ignorant of his Treachery and Knavery but that being since fully inform'd of the matter he orders them not to acknowledge him any longer for Bishop since he had been neither elected by the Clergy and Laity of that Town nor ordain'd by the Bishops of the Province By the same Letter he sends the Pall to Agius These three Letters of John X. are extant Concil Tom. IX p. 574. Leo VII WE have likewise three Letters remaining of Leo VII The First is directed to Hugh Duke of France and Abbot of S. Martin of Tours The Letters of Leo VII He therein enjoyns him under the pain of excommunication not to suffer any Women to stay or so much as enter within the inclosure of that Monastery The Second is directed to Gerard Archbishop of Lorch in Germany He grants him the Pall and permits him to make use of it not only on the days of consecrating the Holy Chrism and of the Resurrection of our Lord but also on the Festivals of Christmass of the Blessed Virgin of the Apostles of St. John the Baptist of St. Lawrence of St. Stephen and of all those Saints whose Bodies lay interr'd in his Church and on the Day of his own Consecration and of the Dedication of the Church during the consecration of Bishops and Priests and the Sermons to the new Converts He exhorts him to behave himself so as that the Sanctity of his Moâ—als may be suitable to the Dignity of that Ornament and afterwards makes a very edifying Moâ—al discourse upon that subject This Gerard came afterwards to Rome and consulted with the Pope about several Questions to which he gave an answer directed to the Bishops of France and Germany The first of these Questions is concerning Necromancers Magicians and Wizards whether they ought to be admitted to Penitence The Pope reply'd that the Bishops ought to bring them over to repentance by their exhortations that so they might live like Penitents rather than dye like Criminals He adds that if they slighted the censures of the Bishops they ought to be punish'd according to the Rigor of the civil Laws The second Question is whether the Bishops ought to say Pax Vobis or Dominus Vobiscum the Pope reply'd that they ought to act conformably to the custom of the Church of Rome wherein Pax Vobis was said on Sundays the principal Festivals and on the Festivals of the Saints on which days they likewise said Gloria in excelsis and that Dominus vobiscum was us'd in the time of Lent the Ember-Weeks the Vigil of Saints and â—n Fast-days The third Question is to know whether the Lords Prayer ought to be said at the benediction of the Table The Pope reply'd No because the Apostles recited it at the consecration of the Body and Blood of JESUS-CHRIST The fourth is whether a man might marry with his God-mother or God-daughter The Pope reply'd that such Marriages were forbidden The fifth has respect to those Priests who marry publickly The Pope orders that thâ—y shall be depriv'd of their Dignity but that their Children should not be endamaged thereby The sixth is whether Surfragan Bishops can consecrate Churches ordain Priests or Confirm The Pope prohibits it according to the tenth Canon of the Council of Antioch The seventh is concerning those who marry their Relations without knowing it and who afterwards upon the knowledge thereof confess it to the Priest the Pope orders that they shall be parted and enjoyn'd Pennance The last is concerning those who rob Churches the Pope declares that the Bishops ought to proceed against them with all the Authority God has put into their hands At the end of this Letter he adds that he constituted Gerard his Vicar in Germany and exhorts the Bishops to joyn with him in reforming those abuses which the Incursions of the Pagans and the persecution rais'd by false Christians had introduc'd These Letters of Leo are written in a pretty good Stile and full of good Maxims and confirm the Judgment which Flodoard has passed upon him that he was a great Servant of God His Letters are extant Concil Tom. IX p. 594. Agapetus II. WE have likewise a Letter of Pope Agapetus II. wherein he adjusts the difference which A Letter of Agapetus II. was then on foot between the Church of Lorch and that of Salzburgh concerning the Right of Metropolitanship by giving the Priority to the Archbishop of Lorch whose See was the most ancient Metropolitan together with a Jurisdiction over the Eastern Pannonia and over the Country of Avarois of the Moravians and Sclavonians and by granting to the Archbishop of Salzburgh whose See was rais'd to an Archbishoprick by Leo III the Right over the Western Pannonia There is another Letter of this Pope which is a Priviledge in favour of the Abby of Clâ—ny Both these Letters are extant Concil Tom. IX p. 618. John XII WE have two Letters of John XII One by which he grants the Pall to Dunstan The Letters of John XII Archbishop of Canterbury and the other whereby he excommunicates Issuard and his Adherents who had seiz'd upon the Lands and Estates belonging to the Abbey of S. Simphorien in Provence These Letters are extant Concil Tom. IX p. 641. John XIII THere are four Letters of John XIII The first is directed to the Bishops of Bretagne The Letters of John XIII whom he exhorts to acknowledge the Archbishop of Tours for their Metropolitan The second is directed to Edgar King of England wherein he promises him to turn out of the Church of Winchester such Prebendaries as lead a scandalous Life and to put some Monks into their places The third and fourth are two priviledges which he grants one to the Monastery built by Berenger Bishop of Verdun the other to the Monastery of S. Remy of Rheims These four Letters are extant Concil Tom. IX p. 663. Benedict VI. POpe Benedict VII by his Letter to the Bishops of France and Germany confirms the The Letter of Benedict VII Arbitration made in favour of the Church of Lorch by his Predecessor Agapetus and sends the Pall to Pilgrin who was Archbishop of the place This Letter is extant Concil
their own Hands reading and prayer 7. He prohibits Incestuous Marriages with Nuns or near Relations 8. He recommends Peace and Union 9. He enjoyns the Observation of the Solemn Fasts of Lent of the Ember-Weeks of Wednesday and Friday and the Celebration of Divine Service on Sundays and Festivals Lastly He recommends the payment of Tythes There is also a Pastoral Letter written by this Archbishop and directed to his Suffragans which is related by William of Malmsbury Edmund being kill'd in the year 946. his Brother Elred took possession of the Throne We have An Assembly of Bishops at London A. C. 948. no Laws enacted by this Prince only the Charter of a considerable Donation made by him to the Monastery of Crowland in favour of Turketulus who had been formerly Chancellor of the Kingdom and to whom he gave that Abbey This was done in an Assembly of Bishops and Lords held at London in the year 948. After the death of Elred which happen'd in 955 Edwin the Son of Edmund was proclaim'd King but sometime after part of England Revolting Edgar the Brother of Edwin got a share of his Dominions and upon his Brother's Death obtain'd the sole Possession of the whole Kingdom This Prince being more Religious than his Predecessors entirely re-establish'd the Purity of Discipline in the Church of England and brought the Monastical Course of Life into Repute by the Advice of S. Dunstan who may be call'd the Restorer of thâ— Ecclesiastical Discipline in England This Saint was born in the Country of the West-Saxons in the first year of King Ethelstan's Reign A. C. 923. He enter'd into Holy Orders very young and after having compleated his Studies S. Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury made application to Athelm Archbishop of Canterbury who introduc'd him into the Presence of King Ethelstan Afterward having fall'n into some disgrace at Court he retir'd to Elfeg Bishop of Winchester who advis'd him to embrace the Monastical Life which he accordingly did and continued in his Retirement till the Reign of King Edmund when he was invited to Court by that Prince He did not remain long there without being obnoxious to the Envy and Hatred of several Persons who misrepresented him to the King insomuch that he was oblig'd to retire to his Solitude of Glassenbury where he took up his Abode altho' he was restor'd to the Favour of King Edmund who had always a great respect for him granted considerable Revenues to his Monastery and continu'd to follow his Counsels not only in the management of Civil Affairs but also of Ecclesiastical He was no less esteem'd by King Elred who determin'd to nominate him to the Bishoprick of Winchester but Edwin having receiv'd a severe Reprimand for his Irregularities from this Abbot banish'd him and pillaged his Monastery However King Edgar recall'd him immediately after his Accession to the Crown and made him not only Bishop of Winchester but also conferr'd on him the Government of the Church of London At last the Archbishoprick of Canterbury being vacant in the year 961. by the death of Odo Elfsin Bishop of Winchester who was appointed to supply his place dying in a Journey he made over the Alps to Rome to fetch the Pall and Berthelim who was substituted in his room having refus'd to accept that Dignity Dunstan was Invested with it a few days after and went to Rome to receive the Pall. At his return he apply'd himself altogether to the Reformation of the Clergy of England and took upon him to Expel all those who refus'd to lead a Regular Course of Life and to Restore the Monks to their former Station This Saint had for his Fellow Labourers and Imitators of his Zeal Ethelwold Bishop of Winchester and Oswald Bishop of Worcester who founded a great number of Monasteries and took much pains in Reforming the Clergy and Extirpating the Vices that were predominant in England The former dyed in the year 984. before S. Dunstan who foretold his approaching Death as well as that of the Bishop of Rochester in a Visit which those two Prelates made him but the latter did not dye till after this Archbishop viz. in the year 992. As for S. Dunstan he surviv'd King Edgar who dy'd in 975 and maintain'd the Right of the young Prince Edward against the Pretensions of Alfride who endeavour'd to transfer the Crown to her Son Ethelfred but Edward being Assassinated Three years after by the Treachery of that Queen Dunstan was constrained to Crown Ethelfred and foretold the Calamities that should befall England and the Family of this young Prince as a Punishment for his Crime and that of his Mother At last S. Dunstan dy'd laden with years and honour A. C. 988. In his time and apparently by his Direction King Edgar in 967. not only publish'd Laws like to those of his Predecessors for the preservation of the Revenues of the Church for the Payment of Tythes and S. Peter's Pence and for the Solemn Observations of Sundays and Festivals but also divers Ecclesiastical Constitutions relating to the Manners and Functions of Clergy-men to the Celebration of the Mass to the Confession and Pennances that ought to be impos'd on those who commit Sin c. Indeed these Canons may serve as a kind of Ritual for the Use of Curates It is affirm'd that they were made in the year 967. by King Edgar but this does not appear to be altogether certain and perhaps they are of a later date The Discourse which this King made to Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury and to Oswald and Ethelwold Bishops of Worcester and Winchester is much more certain He there inveighs against the Irregularities and Disorders of the Clergy and pathetically Exhorts those Bishops to joyn their Authority with His to repress their Insolence and to oblige them to apply the Ecclesiastical Revenues to the Relief of the Poor for which Use they were design'd To the end that this Order might be put in Execution he granted a Commission to those three Prelates to take the Matter in hand and gave them power to turn out of the Churches such Clergy-men as liv'd dissolutely and to Substitute others in their room By virtue of this Injunction S. Dunstan held a General Council A. C. 973. in which he ordain'd A general Council of England in the year 973. that all the Priests Deacons and Subdeacons who would not lead a sober Life should be Expell'd their Churches and caus'd a Decree to be made to oblige them to Embrace a Regular and Monastick Course of Life or to Retire And accordingly these three Bishops turn'd the old Clergy-men out of most part of the Churches and put Monks in their place or else forc'd them to assume the Monastical Habit. S. Dunstan did not only shew his Constancy and Zeal with respect to the Clergy but was also as zealous in treating Kings and Princes For he sharply reprov'd King Edgar for abusing a young Maid whom he had sent for out of
Principles upon which the Inquisition and other unhear'd of severities of the Church of Rome are founded Amendment of a Sinner The two Popes who immediately succeeded Silvester II. were both Johns The first of John XVI and John XVII these who according to our Account is John XVI and according to others John XVIII sirnam'd the Meager was only four Months and some Days upon the Chair The other held it almost six Years He sent a Legat into Germany to confirm the Priviledges and Prerogatives of the Church of Magdebourg and to raise the Church of Bamberg into a Bishoprick This was done with the consent of the Arch-bishop of Mayence and other Prelates of Germany in a Council held at Francfort which approv'd of the Pope's Bull which advanc'd the Church of Bamberg to be a Bishoprick He gave the Pall to S. Elphege Arch-Bishop of Canterbury and sent Bruno his Missionary into Poland He renew'd Communion with the Greek Church S. Fulbert Bishop of Chartres wrote him a Letter wherein he bestows great Commendations upon him and prays him to be well advis'd before he granted Absolution to Count Radulphus Sergius IV. succeeded John XVII and was call'd before Os Porci If Ditmar may be Sergius IV. credited in the Case he chang'd his Name into that of Sergius and was the first who made a Law to authorise the changing of Names however there are instances of this Nature more ancient as we have already observ'd Authors say in general a great deal in Commendation of this Pope but they have not mention'd any one of his Actions in particular and we have none of his Letters by us He was not upon the Chair above two Years eight Months and thirteen Days for he dy'd May 13. in the Year 1012. After his Death there was a Schism in the Church of Rome between Benedict VIII Son to Benedict VIII Gregory the Count of Frescati who was first Elected by his Father's interest and one Gregory who was Elected by some Romans who outed Benedict He fled to Henry King of Germany who immediately rais'd Forces and march'd into Italy to re-establish him As soon as the King arriv'd Gregory fled for it and Benedict was receiv'd without any Opposition He confer'd the imperial Crown on that Prince and on Queen Chunegonda his Wife Under his Pontificate the Norman Lords who had drove the Sarazens out of Sicily drove likewise the Greeks out of a great many of those places which they held in Italy being assisted by the Emperor Henry who came thither a second time at the instance of the Pope Benedict dy'd in the Year 1024. and some Authors say that after his Death he appear'd mounted on a black Horse and that he strew'd the place where he had deposited a Treasure that so it might be distributed to the Poor and that by these Alms and the Prayers of S. Odilo he was deliver'd from the Torments of the other Life We have only one Bull of his in Favour of the Abbey of Cluny This Pope held a Council at Pavia in which after he had discours'd at large against the The Council of Pavia under Benedict VII Incontinence of the Clergy he publish'd eight Decrees The first and second prohibite the Clergy from having any Concubines and from living with Women The third and fourth import that the Children of such Clergy-men as are Slaves of the Church shall be Slaves to the Church for ever tho' born of a Mother that is Free And the three last import that such Clergy as are Slaves to the Church can neither purchase nor possess any thing of their own even tho' they should be born of a Mother that is Free These Decrees were Sign'd by the Pope by the Arch-bishop of Milan and by five Bishops and afterwards ratified by the Emperor's Authority who at the Pope's Request publish'd an Edict consisting of the same Articles to give them the force of a Law The Count of Frescati that the Popedom might be still in his Family caus'd his other John XVIII Son to be Elected in the room of Benedict VIII tho' he was not then in Orders He was ordain'd and call'd John which according to us is the Eighteenth of that Name but according to others the Twentieth 'T is said that sometime after this Pope being sensible that his Election was Vicious and Simoniacal he withdrew into a Monastery there to suffer Pennance and that he forbore performing any part of his Function till such time as he was chosen again by the Clergy The Emperor Henry dy'd at the beginning of this Popedom and Conrad was Elected King of Germany in his place in the Year 1024. and Crown'd Emperor three years after by this Pope The Greeks having dispatch'd an Embassy to Rome to get the Pope's Grant that the Church of Constantinople should be call'd the Universal Church were oppos'd by the French Prelates and William Abbot of S. Benign of Dijon wrote a Letter to John XVIII to divert him from that Design which Letter is mentioned by Glaber This Pope wrote a Letter to the Bishop of Limoges by which he declares that S. Martial shall have the Character of Apostle and another Letter to Odilo Abbot of Cluny wherein he blames him for having refus'd to accept of the Arch-bishoprick of Lions He sent Letters of Absolution to the Bishop of Auxerre who had sent him his Confession in Writing Canutus King of England came to Rome in the Year 1031. where he was very kindly received by Pope John and the Emperor He complain'd that they exacted too great Summs of his Arch-bishops for the Grant of their Palls and it was order'd that for the future they should not be so serv'd He likewise obtain'd That his Subjects might have free Access to Rome and that they should be exempt from Customs This is what the King acquaints the Peers of his Kingdom in his Letter mention'd by William of Malmsbury John XVIII dying November 7. in the Year 1033. Alberic Count of Frescati caus'd his Son to be seated on S. Peter's Chair He was Nephew to the two last Popes the Count's Benedict IX Brothers and was not above Eighteen Years of Age at the most He chang'd his Name of Theophylact into that of Benedict IX Peter Damien speaks of him as a Man that liv'd very disorderly and was very unworthy of that Dignity to which he had been advanc'd by the Tyranny of his Father However he enjoy'd the Popedom very quietly for Ten Years together but at last the Romans weary of his abominable Irregularities outed him and put up in his Place the Bishop of S. Sabina who took upon him the Name of Silvester III. He Silvester III. enjoy'd his Diginty but three Months for tho' Benedict voluntarily resign'd the Popedom yet he return'd to Rome and with the Assistance of Frescati's Party drove out his Competitor and re-assum'd the Papal Chair But being altogether uncapable of Governing it and having nothing more
That the Canons or Prebendaries shall hold all things in Common The Fifth That the Tenths and other Offerings shall be at the disposal of the Bishop The Sixth That no Peason shall be entitled to any Church at the Presentation of Laicks The Seventh That no Person shall take upon him the Habit of a Monk upon the promise or hopes of being made Abbot The Eighth That no Priest shall hold two Churches at once The Ninth That Laicks shall not be the Judges of the Clergy The Tenth That no Person shall be ordain'd by Simony The Eleventh That no Person shall Marry his Relation to the seventh Generation or so long as the Kindred may be known The Twelfth That a Laick who has a Wife and keeps a Concubine shall be Excommunicated The Thirteenth That Laicks shall not be advanc'd all of the sudden to Ecclesiastical Degrees but shall be try'd for some considerable time after they have lay'd aside their secular Habit. These Acts are follow'd by a Decree against those who are guilty of Simony by which it is order'd That those who have been formerly ordain'd by Persons guilty of Simony without having given Money for their Ordination may continue in those Ecclesiastical Degrees to which they have been advanc'd but that for the future those who shall be ordain'd by Persons whom they know to be guilty of Simony shall be depos'd With reference to Popes 't is added That those who shall take Possession of the Papal Chair either by Bribery or by Intrigue or by Force without being Unanimously and Canonically Elected by the Cardinal-bishops and the rest of the Clergy shall be look'd upon not as Apostolick Popes but as Apostates And that it shall be lawful for the Cardinal-bishops and any other Persons of known Piety whether Clerks or Laicks to turn out such an one who shall thus seize upon the Holy See by Excommunicating him and by calling in to their Assistance the secular Power And that if they cannot do this in Rome they shall meet together out of that City in what place they please to Choose one whom they shall judge more worthy to fill the Chair And that the Person whom they shall Choose shall be look'd upon as Lawful Pope Salvo omnino Imperatoris Privilegio as 't is worded in that very Decree concerning the Election of a Pope It was in this Council that Berenger retracted his Error as we have said before This same Pope being reconcil'd to the Normans of Pozzuolo held a Council at Amalfi where he depos'd the Bishop of Trani and another Council at Benevento wherein he adjusted The other Councils under Nicholas II. a difference concerning an Hospital depending upon the Monastery of S. Vincent of Volaterra upon which one Albert a Monk had seiz'd The Letters of this Pope do almost all of them relate to the Affairs of France The Four first are directed to Gervais Arch-bishop of Rheims In the First he gives that The Letters of Nicholas II. Bishop to understand that there was a flying Report of his being a favourer of his Adversary That however he was willing to believe the contrary upon the Testimony which he had receiv'd of him by a very creditable Person He exhorts him to maintain the Rights of the Church and to admonish the King of France not to hearken to the evil Counsels which were given him nor to oppose the Holy See particulary with relation to the Person whom he would have to be ordain'd Bishop of Mascon He assures him that he has a particular Respect and Kindness for that Prince and let him do as he pleas'd yet he would always Pray for Him and his Army In the Second He enjoyns that Arch-bishop to interdict the Bishops of Beauvais and Senlis in case it appear'd that they had been ordain'd by Simony as he was assur'd In the Third He orders that Arch-bishop to give Satisfaction to the Church of Verdun for the Injuries he had done it and to release the Prebendaries whom he had caus'd to be apprehended In the Fourth He lets him know how well satisfied he was with those signs of Submission which he had express'd to him that he granted him what he desir'd for the Bishop of Senlis because it was nothing but what was reasonable and that he could not tell whether he should come to France or no. We have likewise a Letter of Gervais directed to this Pope in which he thanks him for the kind Entertainment he gave to his Deputies and for the Charity he shew'd to one The Letter of Gervais Arch-bishop of Rheims to Pope Nicholas II. of them who dy'd at Rome He acquaints him of the Death of King Henry tells him how earnestly he wish'd to see him in France and assures him in very express Terms of the Submission and Respect which he bore to the Holy See This doubtless is the Letter which Nicholas answer'd by the foregoing The Fifth Letter of this Pope is a Privilege granted to the Monastery of the Religious of S. Felicity near Florence The Sixth directed to Edward King of England is a confirmation of the Privileges granted to the Church of Westminster The Seventh directed to Ann Queen of France is a Tract of Peter Damien's which was among his Letters The Eighth is directed to the Bishops of France Aquitain and Gascogne He informs them of the Decrees made in the Council of Rome against the Clerks and Monks who kept Concubines or were Apostates against those who abuse Ecclesiasticks or seize upon the Revenues of the Church and concerning the Compass of the Courts and Church-Yards In the Ninth directed to the Count of Rouergue he exhorts him to take the Churches and Poor under his Protection and in particular to restore to the Monastery of S. Peter of Verdun the Lands and Revenues which he had in his Country threatning to Excommunicate him if he detain'd them any longer This Pope dy'd at Florence July 3. in the Year 1061. After his Death there were great Contests about the Popedom occasion'd by the two powerful Factions which were then in Rome Namely the Faction of Hildebrand and that of the Alexander II. Counts of Frescati and Galera and of other Lords of Rome Both Factions sent Deputies to King Henry's Court to obtain his Vote in favour of some one of their own Party Gerard Count of Galera deputed by the Lord's Faction having presented King Henry with a Crown of Gold and offer'd him the Title of a Roman Peer insinuated so far into his favour that Stephen a Cardinal-Priest deputed by Hildebrand and the other Cardinals could not so much as get Audience but return'd without doing any thing After his return the Cardinals in October Elected for their Pope one Anselm a Native of Milan and Bishop of Lucca who took upon him the Name of Alexander II. They believ'd he would prove agreeable enough to the Court But King Henry looking upon this Election as a breach of his Prerogative caus'd Cadalous
Bishop of Parma to be Elected Pope who was acknowledg'd as such by the Bishops and Princes on the other side the Alpes He intending to take Possession of the the Papal Chair by Force sat down with an Army before Rome but was beaten off by the Forces of Godfrey Marquis of Tuscany and of Matilda his Wife who had enter'd into the Interests of Alexander This first attempt proving very unsuccessful he return'd a second time with greater strength and became Master of the Town Leonina and of the Church of S. Peter but he was outed thence also and his Forces put into such a Consternation that he himself had like to have been taken and was forced to throw himself into a Castle from whence he very narrowly made his Escape by giving Mony to those who Besieg'd him Some time after Anno Arch-bishop of Cologne who had the greatest hand in the Administration of the Affairs of Germany ever since the Empress Agnes was remov'd being come into Italy and alledging that the Election of Pope Alexander was invalid because it was carry'd on without the Emperor's Approbation and because he lay under a suspicion of having given Mony for to be Elected It was agreed upon to call a Council at Mantua to adjust this difference Alexander and Cadalous met there with Peter Damien Hildebrand and several other Bishops of Italy Lombardy and Spain Alexander did there very stiffly defend his Election Cadalous had not the face to maintain his pretended Right and so withdrew The former likewise clear'd himself by Oath of the Accusation of Simony which was lay'd to his Charge so that Anno and the Bishops of Lombardy acknowledg'd him alone to be Lawful Pope But the Emperor's Prerogative was preserv'd for the future and Alexander was oblig'd to Pardon Cadalous and to make Guitbert Grand Signior of Parma Chancellor to King Henry and formerly the Popes greatest Enemy Arch-bishop of Ravenna This Council was held in the Year 1064. and put an end to a Schism which would have been the Cause of very great disturbances in the Church of Rome if it had continued as it had begun The year before Alexander had held a Council at Rome consisting of above One hundred The Councils under Alexander II. Bishops wherein he had reviv'd the Decrees of his Predecessors Leo IX and Nicholas II. against those who were guilty of Simony against those who kept Concubines against such of the Laity who seiz'd on the Revenues of the Church against those who Marry'd their Kindred till after the seventh Degree and against the Apostate Clergy and Monks This is only a renewal of the Council held under Nicholas II. In two other Councils held at Rome the year following Alexander Condemn'd those who maintain'd that the Degrees of Consanguinity ought to reach no farther than to Cousin-Germans which he calls the Heresy of the Nicolaitans He likewise Condemn'd those who had maintain'd that one may without being guilty of Simony give Mony to Princes to be instituted into the Revenues of the Church He makes use of Peter Damien to confute these Errors and sent him to Milan to reform the Clergy of that City into France to relieve the Monks of Cluny and to Florence to put an end to the Schism of the Church belonging to that City Whilst Peter Damien was employ'd in Reforming the Church Hildebrand Arch-deacon of Rome who had the sole Administration of Affairs relating to the Holy See made use of his utmost endeavours to advance the temporal Power thereof With the Assistance of Godfrey Marquiss of Tuscany and the Princess Matilda he repuls'd the Normans of Pozzuolo and oblig'd them to surrender several places He engag'd several Lords of Burgundy and France to bind themselves by Oath to defend the Church of Rome He exhorted William Duke of Normandy to take upon him the Kingdom of England vacant by the Death of King Edward Lastly From the Pontificate of Alexander he began the Contest with King Henry about the Right of Investitures and caus'd him to be cited to Rome upon that Subject We attribute all this to Hildebrand because 't is evident that it was he who Govern'd under the Name of Alexander II. who led a reserv'd and a retir'd Life and spent more of his time at Lucca and Mount Cassin than at Rome However he dy'd in that City April 22. in the Hear 1073. Since this Pope was eleven Years and some Months on the Chair we may very well expect The Letters of Alexander II. a great many Letters written in his Name We have Five and Forty of them compleat and the Fragments of several Acts related by Ives of Chartres and by Gratian His First Letter is directed to the Clergy and Laity of Milan whom he exhorts to lead a Christian Life The Second is directed to Harold King of Norway whom he exhorts to own the Arch-bishop of Breme as Vicar of the Holy See and to submit to him as such He reproves him for that the Bishops of his Kingdom were either not Consecrated or else had given Mony to be Consecrated By the Third directed to the King of Denmark he demands of that Prince the payment of what was due from that Kingdom to the Holy See By the Fourth directed to the Arch-bishop of Dalmatia and Sclavonia he sends him the Pall and gives him some Instructions concerning his Office The Fifth is the Decree of the Council of Rome of which we have already spoken In the Sixth directed to Gervais Arch-bishop of Rheims he writes to him against Cadalous congratulates him of the endeavours he us'd for the extirpation of Simony and intrusts him and the Arch-bishop of Sens with the Tryal of the Bishop of Orleans who was Charg'd with Simony and orders him to turn out the Abbot of S. Medard of Soissons Excommunicated long before and to Elect another in his Place This Letter is follow'd by a Decree made at Milan by two Cardinal Legats of the Holy See against the Clergy who were either guilty of Simony or kept Concubines The Seventh Letter is directed to the Bishops of Denmark whom he injoyns to be present at the Synod held by the Bishop of Hamburgh In the Eighth he exhorts William King of England to pay him the Peter-pence which were due to him In the Ninth he grants to Anno Arch-bishop of Cologne a Privilege which he had beg'd of him in the behalf of a Monastery The Tenth is directed to William King of England He exhorts him to take into his Protection the Ecclesiasticks of his Kingdom and advises him to follow Lanfrank's directions to whom he committed the Determination of the Bishop of Chester's Cause and of the Dispute on foot between the Arch-bishop of York and the Bishop of Dorchester In the Eleventh directed to Landulphus he determines that the Man who had Vow'd to take upon him the Monastick Life and had forc'd his Wife to consent to it ought not to be made a Monk till she should give
lawful Pope VIII VI. Guibert Grand Lord of Parma and Chancellor to Henry Emperor of Germany is ordain'd Archbishop of Ravenna A Council at Mantua  in the Council of Mantua and pardons Cadalous who dies a little while after      1065 IV. IX VII The Heresy of the Nicolaitans condemn'd in two Councils held at Rome A Council at Rome Another Council at Rome A Council at Elna in Roussillon Lanfranc 1066 V. X. VIII John Xiphylin is chosen Patriarch of Constantinople instead of Constantin Lichudes The Charters of Edward King of England for authorizing the Confirmation of the Privileges of the Church of Westminster which was granted by the Popes Leo IX and Nicolas II. William Duke of Normandy passes over into England and defeats Harald who had taken Possession of the Throne after the death of King Edward   1067 VI. XI IX Constantin Ducas dies leaving 3 Children and his Wife Eudoxia who takes upon her the Administration of the Government    1068 VII XII II. Eudoxia marries Romanus Diogenes who is proclaim'd Emperor I. Peter Damian is sent Legat into Germany to hinder the Emperor Henry from divorcing Bertha his Wife Marianus Scotus who liv'd as a Recluse in the Monastery of Fulda goes to Mentz to end his Life there in the same Quality   1069 VIII XIII II. The death of Maurillus Archbishop of Rouen Lanfranc refuses to accept of that Archbishoprick which is obtain'd by John de Bayeux Bishop of Auranchez Lanfranc goes to Rome to cause that Translation to be ratify'd and to get the Pall for the same Archbishop The Emperor Henry endeavours to get himself divorc'd from Bertha in the Council of Mentz but is oppos'd by Peter Damian the Pope's Legat. A Council at Mentz The death of Evershelm Abbot of Aumont 1070 IX XIV III. Lanfranc is oblig'd to accept of the Archbishoprick of Canterbury The Pope gives leave to Gebehard Archbishop of Saltzburg to erect a Bishoprick in his Province A Council at Windsor Benno Cardinal 1071 X. XV. IV. Romanus Diogenes is taken Prisoner by the Turks and Michael the Son of Constantin Ducas is proclaim'd Emperor Diogenes being deliver'd has his Eyes put out by Michael's Order and dies a little while after Charles nominated by the Emperor Henry to the Bishoprick of Constance not being able to get Ordination by reason of Simoniacal Practices resigns his Ring and Crosier-staff to the Emperor in the Council of Mentz A Council at Mentz A Council held at Winchester this year Theophylact. 1072 XI XVI II. Peter Damian is sent by the Pope to Ravenna to take off the Excommunication denounc'd against that City by reason of the Contests which the Bishop of that Diocess had with the See of Rome A Council at Rouen Hepidannus writes two Books of the Life and Miracles of St. Wiborada 1073 XII Alexander dies April 22. and Hildebrand is chosen in his place on the same day He is ordain'd Priest and consecrated Pope under the Name of Gregory 7th in the Month of June I. XVII III. William Archbishop of Auche and Pontius Bishop of Beziers are depos'd by Gerald Cardinal of Ostia the Pope's Legat for having voluntarily communicated with certain Persons who lay under a Sentence of Excommunication Pope Alexander confirms the Settlement of a Convent of Regular Canons made by Altman Bishop of Passaw Dominic Patriarch of Venice is deputed by Pope Gregory to negotiate at Constantinople about the Re-union of the Greek and Latin Churches Pope Gregory's Decree against Persons guilty of Simony and against Clerks who marry or keep Concubines Letters written by the same Pope to the Bishops and Princes about putting that Decree in execution Other Letters by Gregory against Godfrey Archbishop of Milan and the Bishops of Lombardy who were excommunicated for their Simoniacal Practices But they were protected by Henry Emperor of Germany which gave occasion to the Dissensions that afterward broke forth between that Prince and the Pope A Council at Erford The death of Peter Damian on Febr. 23. Robert de Tombalene Abbot of St. Vigor William Abbot of St. Arnulphus at Metz. Hugh Bp. of Die Anselm Bishop of Lucca Manasses Arch-bishop of Rheims 1073   Anselm who succeeded Pope Alexander II. in the Bishoprick of Lucca but repenting that he had receiv'd the Investiture of that Bishoprick from the Emperor Henry IV. retir'd to the Monastery of Cluny from whence he was recall'd by the Pope to govern his Bishoprick Landric Arch-deacon of Autun is chosen Bishop of Mascon and consecrated the next Year by the Pope the Bishops of France not daring to ordain him The Pope's Complaints and Menaces against Philip I. King of France Pope Gregory lays claim to Spain and by vertue of it gives to Ebol Count of Rocey all the Countries that he could wrest out of the Hands of the Saracens on condition that he should hold them of the Holy See and should pay him a certain Tribute He exacts an Oath of Allegiance of Landulphus Duke of Benevento and of Richard Duke of Capua He promises the Pall to Bruno Bishop of Verona provided he come to Rome to receive it there in Person He confirms all the Privileges granted by Alexander II. to Wradislaâ—s Duke of Bohemia Jeromir Bishop of Prague is suspended and depriv'd of the Revenues of his Church by the Pope's Legats for opposing their reception in Bohemia A Contest between the same Bishop of Prague and the Bishop of Moravia for the possession of certain Territories The Pope's Remonstrance to the Inhabitants of Carthage some of whom had deliver'd up Cyriacus their Bishop into the Hands of the Saracens    1074 II. XVIII IV. Garnier Bishop of Strasburg excommunicated for Simoniacal Practices is absolv'd in the Council of Rome Hugh is ordain'd Bishop of Die by the Pope in that Council A Decree against Investitures made by the Pope in the same Council according to the Relation of some Authors Robert Guiscard Duke of Apulia is excommunicated in the same Council of Rome The Agreement between the Bishops of Prague and Moravia confirm'd by the Pope's Bull dated March 2. William Archbishop of Auche and Pontius Bishop of Beziers restor'd to their respective Sees The Pope reproves the Inhabitants of Ragusa for imprisoning Vitalis their Bishop and substituting another in his room He summons both the Bishops to Rome if the A Council at Rouen A Council at Rome Another at Poitiers A Council held at Erford in the Month of Octob.  1074   Matter cannot be determin'd by his Legat in that City The Pope's Legats sent to the Emperor Henry about the Affair of the Bishops of Lombardy The Contest between those Legats and Sigefred Archbishop of Mentz about the Right of calling a Council which the Archbishop claim'd as Vicar of the Holy See The Legats return'd without any effect of their Negotiation The first Project of a Crusade form'd by the Pope The Pope's Letters to divers
Richer Archbp. of Sens the use of the Pall for refusing to own the Primacy of the Church of Lyons Humbaud Bishop of Limoges is depos'd by the Pope in the Council of that City   1096 IX XL. XVI A Dispute between St. Anselm and the King of England The Pope confirms the Privileges of the Canons of St. Martin at Tours King Philip promises to quit Bertrade and the Pope gives him Absolution in the Council of Nismes A Council at Rouen A Council at Tours A Council at Nesmes Conrad a Monk of Bruvilliers Geffrey de Maleterre Bertulphus or Bernulphus a Priest of Constance William of Apulia Nalgod a Monk of Cluny 1097 X. XLI XVII  A Council at Bari Othlo a Monk of St. Boniface Gregory Cardinal Peter de Honestis a Clerk of Ravenna Thibaud or Theobald Clerk of the Church of Estampes 1098 XI XLII XVIII St. Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury leaves England and passes into Italy He disputes against the Greeks about the Procession of the Holy Ghost in the Council of Bari and entreats the Pope not to excommunicate the King of England The Pope grants to Roger Count of Sicily and Calabria that no Legats shall be sent into his Dominions without his consent that the Princes his Successors shall be Le A Council at Bari A Council held at Rome in favour of the Party that oppos'd the Interests of Pope Gregory VII Eadmer a Monk of Canterbury Gislebert a Monk of Westminster Bernard a Monk of Cluny Bernard a Clerk of the Church of Utrecht Adam Abbot of Perseme Albert a Benedictin Monk of Mets. GLABER RADULPHUS A Monk of Cluny wrote about 1045. ARNOLD A Canon of Herfeldt flourish'd about 1040. ALEXIUS Patriarch of Constantinople promoted to that Dignity in 1025. died in 1043. CAMPANUS A Philosopher of Lombardy flourish'd A. D. 1040. BERENGARIUS or BERENGER Arch-deacon of Anger 's born at Tours in the end of the Tenth Century flourish'd there A. D. 1030. was made Arch-deacon in 1047. began to spread his Doctrin in 1048. and died Jan. 6. 1088. EUSEBIUS BRUNO Bishop of Anger 's ordain'd in 1047. THEODUIN or DIETWIN Bishop of Liege made in 1048. ADELMAN or ALMAN A Clerk of the Church of Liege and afterwards Bishop of Brescia flourish'd about 1050. ASCELIN A Monk of St. Evrou flourish'd about 1050. HUGH Bishop of Langres born in the end of the Tâ—nth Century ordain'd in 1031. died in 1052. GREGORY VI. Pope was chosen in 1044. depos'd and banished in the end of the Year 1046. CLEMENT II. Pope chosen in the beginning of the year 1047. died in the Month of October in the same year LEO IX Pope ordain'd in 1049. died in 1054. VICTOR II. Pope advanc'd to that Dignity in 1055. died in 1057. STEPHEN IX Pope made Abbot of Mount Cassin and afterwards Pope in 1057. died in 1058. NICOLAS II. Pope chosen in 1058. died in 1061. HUMBERT Cardinal flourish'd about 1050. was sent Legat into the Levant in 1054. and died in 1060. MICHAEL CERULARIUS Patriarch of Constantinople made about 1050. was banish'd in 1058. and died in 1059. NICETAS PECTORATUS A Monk of Studa flourish'd about 1050. DOMINIC Patriarch of Grado flourish'd at the same time PETER Patriarch of Antioch flourish'd in the middle of this Century ANSELM Dean of Namur flourish'd about 1050. HERMANNUS CONTRACTUS A Monk of Richenaw flourish'd about 1040. and died in 1054. THEOPHANES the CERAMEAN Archbishop of Tauromenium flourish'd in the middle of the Century NILUS DOXOPATRIUS Archimandrita or Abbot of his Monastery flourish'd in the middle of the Century GUALDO A Monk of Corbie flourish'd about 1050. DROGO Bishop of Terouane ordain'd in 1036. died in 1070. HELGAUD A Monk of Fleury wrote about 1050. WIPPO Chaplain to the Emperor Henry III. flourish'd under him EBERVIN or EVERVIN Abbot of St. Maurice at Tolen flourish'd about 1050. EVERSHELM Abbot of Aumont flourish'd about 1050. and died in 1069. GERVASE Archbishop of Rheims flourish'd about 1050. and died in 1070. GUIBERT Arch-deacon of Toul flourish'd about 1050. ANSELM A Benedictin Monk of Rheims flourish'd about the same time JOHN Archbishop of Euchaita flourish'd in the middle of the Century JOHN of JEANNELIN Abbot of Erbrestein made in 1052. died in 1078. HEPIDANNUS A Monk of St. Gall flourish'd in the middle of the Century and died in 1080. LANFRANC Archbishop of Canterbury was born at Pavia in the beginning of the Century and assum'd the Monastick Habit in the Abbey of Bec A. D. 1041. A little while after he was chosen Prior and made Abbot of St. Stephen at Caen in 1063. and at last Archbishop of Canterbury in 1070. He died in 1089. GUITMOND Archbishop of Aversa flourish'd about 1060. and died in 1080. DURAND Abbot of Troarn flourish'd about the same time and died in 1088. PETER DAMIAN Cardinal Bishop of Ostia born in the beginning of the Century advanc'd to those Dignities in 1057. died in 1072. ALEXANDER II. Pope chosen in 1061. died in 1073. ALPHANUS Archbishop of Salerno chosen in 1057. died in 1086. GREGORY VII Pope began to flourish after the year 1030. under Benedict IX and Gregory VI. and pass'd beyond the Mountains with the latter in 1047. After whose death he retir'd to Cluny and continu'd there till the time of Pope Leo IX who brought him back to Rome in 1049. Afterwards he obtain'd the greatest Share in the management of the Affairs of the Church of Rome and was at last advanc'd to the Papal Dignity in 1073. He died in 1085. BENNO Cardinal flourish'd under Pope Gregory VII from A. D. 1073. to 1086. HUGH Bishop of Die and afterwards Archbishop of Lyons install'd in the Bishoprick of Die in 1074. and translated to the Metropolitan See of Lyons in 1083. MANASSES Archbishop of Rheims ordain'd in 1070. and depos'd in 1080. THIERRY Bishop of Verdun flourish'd about 1080. FRANCO A Philosopher at Liege flourish'd in 1060. WARIN Abbot of St. Arnulphus at Mets flourish'd about 1060. MICHAEL PSELLUS A Senator of Constantinople flourish'd at the same time and died in 1078. CONSTANTIN LICHUDES Patriarch of Censtantinople succeeded Michael Cerularius in that Dignity in 1058. and died in 1066. JOHN XIPHILIN Patriarch of Constantinople made in 1066. died in 1078. ALBERIC A Monk of Mount Cassin flourish'd about 1060. METELLUS Abbot of Tergensee flourish'd about the same time DESIDERIUS Abbot of Mount Cassin and afterwards Pope under the Name of Victor III. flourish'd in that Abbey under Gregory VII whom he succeeded in the Popedom A. D. 1086. and died in 1087. WILLIAM Abbot of St. Arnulphus at Mets flourish'd about 10â—0 ROBERT de TOMBALENE Abbot of St. Vigor at Bayeux flourish'd about 1070. LAMBERT of ASCHAFFEMBURG A Monk of Hirsfeldt wrote after the Year 1077. MARIANUS SCOTUS Born in 1028. wrote after 1083. and died in 1086. ANSELM Bishop of Lucca chosen in 1071. ordain'd in 1073. died in 1086. THEOPHYLACT Archbishop of Acris flourish'd from 1070. to the end of the Century FOLCARD A Monk of Saint
in the beginning of the Eleventh Century 169 and sequ 125. Their Errors and Condemnation ibid. Other Hereticks found in Flanders 110. Their Errors confuted in a Council ibid. Their Reconciliation and their Confession of Faith 111. Herlembald made Archbishop of Milan instead of Godfrey 34. Directions for his Conduct given him by the Pope in reference to the excommunicated Bishops of Iombardy ibid. Herman chosen Emperor of Germany in the Place of Radulphus 46. A Difficulty propos'd in a Council about the Validity of his Marriage 47. He is excommunicated in another Council ibid. Herman Bishop of Bamberg cited to Rome to give an Account of his Simoniacal Practices 35 and 36. And suspended 36. At last depos'd and excommunicated ibid. Herman Bishop of Mets the Questions proposed by him to the Pope viz. Whether those Persons who converse with a Prince under Sentence of Excommunication are to be look'd upon as excommunicated And whether it be lawful to excommunicate a King 39. The Pope's answer to these Questions 29. ibid. Herman Bishop of Winckester leaves his Bishoprick to embrace the Monastick Life 14. He is afterwards made Bishop of Salisbury ibid. Hermits Their Cause of Life preferr'd to that of Cenobites or Collegiate Monks 91. A Rule for Hermits by Peter Damian 95. Hermits of the Eleventh Century different from the Ancient 127. St. Hilary Bishop of Poitiers A Passage of that Father concerning the Sufferings of Jesus Christ maintaind by Lanfrank against Berenger 16. Hildebrand a Clerk of the Church of Rome was Partaker of the Fortune of Gregory VI. 24 and 32. He is made Prior of Cluny where he retir'd after the Death of that Pope 24. He accompanies to Rome Bruno Bishop of Toul whom he causes to be chosen Pope under the Name of Leo IX ibid. He is accus'd of having incited that Pope to declare War against the Normans of Apulia who took him Prisoner 25. His Power at Rome and his Intrigues in managing the Elections of the Popes who succeeded Leo 26 and sequ 32. He causes Alexander II. to be chosen without the Emperors Consent 28. His Enterprizes to promote the Grandeur of the See of Rome under that Pope 29 and 32. At last he himself is proclaim'd Pope without the Knowledge of the Cardinals 32. See Gregory VII Holy days those of Easter and Whitsuntide restrain'd to three 73. Host a Custom among the Priests to communicate with the same consecrated Host during forty Days after their Ordination 2. An Explication of that Custom ibid. See the Eucharist Hugh Cardinal his Enterprizes against Pope Gregory VII 37 and 38. He is depos'd and excommunicated by that Pope 38 and 42. And by the Council of Quintilineburg 47. Hugh Bishop of Die his Election to that Bishoprick 57. His Ordination by Pope Gregory VII 35 and 57. The Power he had by Virtue of his Office of Legat in France 48 49 50 57 and sequ The Decisions made by him in that Quality 49 57 and sequ When made Archbishop of Lyons 58. His Intrigues in aspiring to the Papal Dignity ibid. and 69. He is excommunicated by Pope Victor III. ibid. And receives Absolution from Urban II. 58 For what reason he was suspended in the Council of Placentia 73. The time of his Death 58. Hugh Bishop of Langres being accused of divers Crimes in a Council is depos'd and excommunicated 26 114 and 115. Restor'd to his former Dignity by Pope Leo IX after having been put to Penance 26. Hugh Abbot of Cluny the Mediator of the Agreement between the Emperor Henry and Pope Gregory 41. He becomes surety that that Prince should keep his Word ibid. He is constituted the Pope's Legat in France 57. Hungary the Pope's Pretensions as to the Right of Investiture in that Kingdom 51. A Contest for the same Kingdom ibid. I JEromer Bishop of Prague for what reason suspended and depriv'd of the Revenues of his Church 51 and 56. He is put again into Possession of his Revenues 51 and 52. A Contest between him and the Bishop of Moravid about certain Lands 52. He is reconcil'd and re-instated by the Pope ibid. Is reprehended by Gregory VII for seizing on the contested Lands a second time ibid. That Quarrel determin'd by the Pope at Rome ibid. Jews the Christians forbidden to keep any of them as Slaves 118. And to hold Correspondence with them 124 That they ought not to be put to Death upon account of Religion 31. Images the Latins accused of not paying due Veneration to them 81. Testimones to the contrary 82. Incarnation why the Second Person of the Trinity was incarnate 94. An Exposition of the Article of Faith concerning that Mystery 19. Incontinence that of Clergy-men condemn'd in many Constitutions 23 27 28 29 30 31 35 36 47 58 66 71 72 73 74 75 93 and 123. Inferiours whether it be lawful for them to reprove their Superiours for their Vicious Courses 84. Investitures of Benefices Emperors and Kings enjoy that Prerogative 126. A Contest about the Right of Investitures claimed by the Kings of England 92 and 93. Decrees against the Investitures granted by Laicks 35 44 45 58 66 71 74 and 75. An Error concerning the Investitures condemned 29. The Pope's Pretensions to that Right 57. St. John Baptist Peter Damian's Opinion about the Time when that Saint was conceived 90. And about the Solemnity of the Octave of his Festival 88. John Archbishop of Roan A Quarrel between that Archbishop and the Monks of St. Owen 15 and 118. He falls into an incurable Distemper and is depos'd 118 and 119. His Death 119. John Bishop of Moravia the Occasion of the Contest between him and the Archbishop of Prague 52. That Difference compos'd by Pope Gregory VII ibid. John Archbishop of Salerno his Translation from the Church of Pesti to that of Salerno approv'd by the Pope 24. The Bishops whom he is authoriz'd to ordain by his Order 25. Jordanes Duke of Capua excommunicated for seizing on a Sum of Money belonging to a certain Monastery 43. Josselin Bishop of Soissons the Pope forbids his Ordination 30. Isembert Bishop of Poitiers for what Reason deposed and excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII 62. Isimbard Abbot of St. Laumer restor'd to his Abbey by Gregory VII 67. Judgments the last Judgment describ'd by Peter Damian 87 and 98. Ives Bishop of Chartres his Election and Consecration approv'd by Pope Urban II. 70. He vigorously opposes the Marriage between King Philip and Bertrude 73. The Pope makes Intercession to procure his Liberty after he was imprison'd upon that Account 72. Ives Abbot of Melaine made Bishop of Dol and consecrated by Pope Gregory VII 62. A Privilege granted him to wear the Pall ibid. The Mediation of the King of England to hinder the deposing of that Bishop ibid. K KIngs whether it be lawful to excommunicate a King and to deprive him of his Dominions 39 47 and 66. Whether his Subjects may be absolv'd from their Oath of Allegiance 66. The Advice given
who were ordain'd during the Schism 70. A Prohibition to receive several Orders on the same Day 118. The Age requisite for Admission into Orders 72 119. A Punishment inflicted on those who procure Ordination for Money 119. A Constitution enjoining Abbots Deans and Arch-Priests to enter into Priests Orders 58. P PAle a sort of Linen Covering for the Chalice the Reason of its Use 94 95. Pall the Metropolitans oblig'd to desire it of the See of Rome 66 and 126. The Archbishops and Bishops to whom it was granted in the Eleventh Century 12 15 23 29 61 70 and 92. Allow'd only to those who went to Rome to fetch it 15 65 and 91. Deny'd to an Archbishop of Tours 5. Paschasius Robertus his Sentiments concerning the Eucharist approv'd 7 8 and 9. Those of Joan. Scotus his Adversary condemned ibid. Pax Vobis That the Bishops were wont to say Pax Vobis in the time of Peter Damian 95. Penance Constitutions about it 44 58 73 and 74. Declared false unless it be proportion'd to the Quality of the Crimes 44. Abbots forbidden to impose Penance without the Consent of their Bishops 58. And Monks without that of their Abbots 123. Of those that are undergone to expiate the Offences of others 90. Causes of the Relaxation of Penance 126. Pentecost See Whiâ—sontide St. Peter and St. Paul why the Images of the latter are set on the right Hand and those of St. Peter on the left 97. St. Peter's Abbey at Chartres a Contest about an irregular Grant made to that Monastery 3. Peter Archbishop of Narboâ—ne excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII 43. Peter the Hermit the Effect of his Remonstrances for a Crusade 74. Peter pence exacted by the Pope of William II. King of England 30. A Constitution about the Payment of them 122. Philip I. King of France his Contests with Pope Gregory VII 48. The Threats and Reproaches put upon that Prince by the same Pope ibid. Philip is divorc'd from Bertha and marries Bertrade 73. Pope Urban II. reproves the Bishops of France about that Marriage 72. The King is excommunicated on that account in the Councils of Auâ—un and Clermonâ— 73 His Absolution reserv'd to the Pope 72. He is absolv'd in the Council of Wismes 75. Pilgrimages their Use approv'd by Peter Damian 91. Poland the Advice given by Pope Gregory VII to the Dukes of Poland 51. Pontius Bishop of Beziers for what Reason depos'd 56. Popes of their Spiritual and Temporal Authority 25. What Pope caus'd the changing of their Names at their Ordination to be authoriz'd by an express Law 23. Different Opinions about the time when their Names were ras'd out of the Diyptichs or Registers of the Greek Church 81 and 82. The unjust Pretensions of the Popes 126. The Infringements made by the Court of Rome of the Authority of the Ordinaries and of the Liberties and Immunities of the Churches ibid. That they are liable to be surpriz'd â—13 That they ought not to be obey'd when they forbid the doing of Good 101. The manner how they ought to proceed in granting Absolution to Offenders excommunicated by the Bishops 113. The Election of Popes reserv'd to the Cardinals 27 and 126. A Constitution about that Affair 27. Of the Right of the Emperors in their Elections 92 93. What may occasion the Shortness of their Life 96 A Prohibition to pillage the Revenues and Estates of the Popes after their Death 27. The Establishment of their Temporal Sovereignty in the City of Rome 126. Power a Distinction between the Regal and the Sacerdotal Power 87. Praxeda Empress her Declaration against the Emperor Henry III. her Husband 73. Presenâ—s That they are not to be receiv'd indifferently from all manner of Person 87. Priesthood of the Dignity and Duties of that Function 96. Priests what Punishments is incurr'd by those who celebrate Mass without communicating 5 and 6. They cannot be admitted into nor turn'd out of a Church without the Bishop's Consent 76. Nor become Vassals to Laicks ibid. Disputes between the Greeks and Latins about the Marriage of Priests 77 and 78. See Clergy-men and Clerks Primate the Title of Universal Primate forbidden to be attributed to any but the Bishop of Rome 114. Procession of the Holy Ghost of his Procession from the Father and the Son 92. Maintain'd by Peter Damian 97. And St. Anselm in a Council 92. A Treatise written by that Saint on the same Subject 94. Pudicus Bishop of Naâ—â—es depos'd in a Council for succeeding his Father in that Bishoprick 115. Q QUietists the Errors of that Sect observable in Simeon the Younger 107. R RAdâ—lphus Duke of Suabia See Rodolphus Rainier Bishop of Orleans a Contest between him and his Chapter 64. The Pâ—pe's Threats denounc'd against him ibid. Saâ—zon chosen in his place ibid. Râ—inier a Priest a Vision seen by him 87. Ravishers Punishments to be inflicted on them 75. Reginald Bishop of Cumae receives a Letter from Pope Gregory VII 34. Relicks the Latins accus'd of not shewing due Respect to them 81. Testimonies to the contrary 82. Those of St. Matthew found by a Bishop 6â— St. Remy the Dedication of his Church at Rheims and the Translation of his Body 114. Repentance Constitutions about it 44 58. 73 and 74. Declar'd Counterfeit unless proportion'd to the Quality of the Offences 44. See Penance Restitution that of other Mens Goods ordain'd in a Council 74. Revenge condemned in Clergy-men by Peter Daâ—iaâ— 87. Reveâ—ues of the Church of their Original 88. The Alienation of them forbidden ibid. Of their Use 6 75 88. Constitutions against Laicks who seâ—ze on them 28 and 29. Those who usurp them liable to Excommunication 3 30 43 and 75. A Custom that was us'd for the preserving of them condemn'd by Peter Damian 87. Church-Revenues cannot be recover'd by the Donors 75 and 76. An Ordinance about the Possession of them by Abbots 44. Richard Duke of Capua an Oath of Allegiance exacted of that Prince by Pope Gregory VII 54. Richerus Archbishop of Sens how he oppos'd an Attempt made by the Pope's Legate 58. A Penalty impos'd on the Archbishop for refusing to acknowledge the Primacy of the Metropolitan of Lyons 59. Rituals of the Difference between those of Clergy-men and those of Monks 94. Robert Abbot of Rebais a Contest about his Election and Ordination 58. He is excommunicated and another is substituted in his room ibid. Robert Count of Flanders the Restitution of the Church-Revenues made by that Prince 71. His Absolution reserv'd to Hugh Bishop of Die 58. The time of his Death 71. Rodolphus Duke of Suevia imploy'd by Pope Gregory VII to negotiate a Reconciliation with the Emperor Henry III. 34. He himself is chosen and crown'd Emperor of Germany 42. He besieges and takes Wurtzburg but loses that City a little after 43. The ill Success of his Arms in the War that he maintain'd against Henry 44. The Pope confers on him the Empire of Germany 45. He is defeated in Battel and dies of his
The Grant of Investitures disapprov'd of by the Cardinals 27 The Lateran Council in the Year 1112. Ibid The Decrees against Henry upon the account of Investitures 28 The second Journey of Henry V. into Italy 28 The Lateran Council held in the Year 1116. Ibid Henry enters Rome Paschal withdraws Ibid Paschal returns to Rome 29 Gelasus II. elected Pope 29 Henry comes to Rome and causes Mauritius Burdin to be proclaim'd Pope Ibid The Election of Calixtus II. 29 The Conference of the Emperour with William of Champeaux about Investitures 29 The Council of Rheims in the Year 1119 29 The Pope's Negotiation with the Emperour 30 The Canons of the Council of Rheims Ibid Calixtus II. is received into Rome and Burdin depos'd with Disgrace Ibid The Treaty betwixt Calixtus II. and Henry V. about Investitures Ibid The Rise and Progress of Investitures 31 The Ceremonies of Investitures Ibid The beginning of the Contest about Investitures 32 The state of the Question in the time of Paschal II. Ibid The state of it under Calixtus II. Ibid Remarks upon the Treaty concluded between Calixtus II. and Henry V. Ibid The Execution of the Treaty made with Henry 33 The Custom of France with respect to Investitures Ibid The Custom of England with respect to the same Ibid Investitures granted to particular Princes Ibid The first general Lateran Council in the Year 1123 Ibid The Letters of Paschal II. 34 The Letters of Gelasus II. 37 The Letters of Calixtus II. Ibid CHAP. III. THE History and Letters of the Popes Honorius II. Innocent II. Celestine II. Lucius II. Eugenius III. 38 Honorius II. 38 Innocent II. Ibid Celestine II. 39 Lucius II. 39 Eugenius III. Ibid The Letters of Honorius II. Ibid The Letters of Innocent II. Ibid The Letters of Celestine II. 40 The Letters of Lucius II. Ibid The Letters of Eugenius III. 40 41 The Letters of Anacletus II. the Anti-Pope 42 CHAP. IV. THE Life of St. Bernard together with an Account of his Writings 42 The Letters of St. Bernard 44 St. Bernard's Treatise of Consideration 68 His Treatise of the Duties of Bishops 70 His Treatise of the Commandments and Dispensations Ibid His Apology to William Abbot of St. Thierry 72 His Treatise in Commendation of the new Militia 74 His Treatise of the Degrees of Humility Ibid His Treatise of the Love of God Ibid His Treatise of Grace and Free-Will 75 His Letters to Hugh of St. Victor 75 76 The Life of St. Malachy by St. Bernard 76 St. Bernard's Sermons 76 Gilbert Abbot of Hoilanda Ibid William Abbot of St. Thierry 77 Geofrey Abbot of Igny Ibid Guigue Prior of the Great Chartress Author of the Ladder of the Cloyster Ibid The Works of those Anonymous Authors which are to be met with among those of St. Bernard Ibid The Works of Gueric Abbot of Igny Ibid The Lives of St. Bernard Ibid The Works of Geofrey St. Bernard's Disciple Ibid The History of St. Bernard's Miracles 78 Other Lives written by St. Bernard Ibid Nicholas Monk of Clairvaux 78 The Character and Judgment upon St. Bernard Ibid The Several Editions of his Works 78 79 CHAP. V. OF the Life and Writings of Peter Sir-named the Venerable Abbot of Cluny 79 CHAP. VI. AN Account of the Heresies which prevail'd in the Twelfth Century 86 The Hereticks of the Twelfth Century 86 An Account of the Heretick Henry Ibid The Errors of Peter of Bruis Ibid The Publication of the Errors of Henry and Peter of Bruis 87 The Hereticks of Perigueux Ibid The Heresie of Tancheline Ibid The Hereticks of Cologne Ibid The Hereticks of Toul 88 The Hereticks in Italy call'd Cathari 89 The Hereticks call'd Passagians Ibid The Heresie of Arnold of Bresse Ibid The Condemnation of the Hereticks in the Council of Tolouse in the Year 1119 89 90 Their Condemnation in the Synod of Oxford in the Year 1160 90 Their Condemnation in the Council of Tours in the Year 1163 Ibid The Council of Lombez in the Year 1176 against the Hereticks Ibid The Hereticks condemn'd at Tolouse 91 The Condemnation of the Albigenses in the Lateran Council in the Year 1179 91 The Heresie of Terrick Ibid The Hereticks call'd Publicans or Poblicans 91 The Errors of Eon de l'Etoile Ibid CHAP. VII AN Account of Peter Abaelard his Wrttings Errors and Condemnation 92 The Life and Adoentures of Abaelard 9â— The Council of Soissons in the Year 1121 93 The Letter of Heloissa to Abaelard 94 The Letter of Abaelard to Heloissa 95 Another Letter of Heloissa 95 Abaelard's Reply Ibid A Third Letter of Heloissa Ibid Abaelard's Reply 96 Abaelard's Letters 96 The Charge brought against Peter Abaelard 97 The Decrees of the Council of Sens in the Year 1140 against Peter Abaelard 100 The Pope's Confirmation of the Judgment pass'd by the Council of Sens 103 Abaelard's Apology Ibid The Retreat of Abaelard to Cluny and his Death Ibid The Examination of Abaelard's Doctrine The Works of Abaelard Ibid CHAP. VIII THE History of the Errors and Condemnation of Gilbert de la Porrée Bishop of Poitiers 113 The particular Opinions of Gilbert de la Porrée 113 The Council of Paris in the Year 1147. about him Ibid The Council of Rheims in the Year 1148. 113 114 The Condemnation of Gilbert in the Council of Rheims 114 The Writings of Gilbert de la Porrée 115 His Letter about the Eucharist Ibid CHAP. IX THE History and Letters of the Popes who sat upon the Papal's Chair from Eugenius III. to the end of this Century 115 Anastasius IV. 115 Adrian IV. 115 Alexander III. 116 The Council of Pavia in the Year 1160 against Alexander Ibid The Kings of France and England declare for Alexander Ibid The Assembly of Lodi in the Year 1161 117 Alexander III. goes into France Ibid A Conference at Avignon upon the Subject of Schism Ibid The Council of Tours held by Alexander in the Year 1163. 117 Alexander III. returns to Rome Ibid The Assembly of Wirtzburgh in the Year 1166 against Alexander Ibid The War of the Emperour Frederick in Italy 118 Pedâ—e concluded between Frederick and Alexander Ibid Lucius III. 119 Urban III. Ibid The Assembly of Geinlenheusen in the Year 1186. Ibid Gregory VIII Ibid Clement III. Ibid Celestine III. Ibid The Letters of Anastasius IV. 120 The Letters of Adrian IV. Ibid The Letters of Alexander III 121 The Letters of Lucius III. 122 The Letters of Urban III. 123 The Letters of Gregory VIII Ibid The Letters of Clement III. Ibid The Letters of Celestine III. Ibid CHAP. X. AN Account of the Contests between Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury and Henry II. King of England 124 The Life of S. Thomas before he was Arch-Bishop of Canterbury 124 The Election of S. Thomas to the Arch-bishoprick of Canterbury Ibid The Original of the Contests between the King of England and St. Thomas 125 The Assembly of London in
Right of Investitures By the Tenth he advises Didasus Bishop of Compostella to take care that his Clergy live regularly to hinder forbidden Marriages and not to suffer the Monks to live with the Nuns The Eleventh is the Bull of Canonization of Peter Bishop of Anagnia by which he orders that his Feast should be celebrated on the third of August In the Twelfth directed to Gebehard Bishop of Constance and to Oderick Bishop of Passaw he determines that those who unwillingly converse with Excommunicated persons by necessity or in duty are not liable to Excommunication By the thirteenth he cites the Laity and Clergy of Augsburgh who accus'd their Bishop and By The fourteenth congratulates their being reconcil'd to him By the fifteenth he advises the Clergy and Laity of Arles to Elect another Arch-Bishop in the place of Gibbeline who had been made Patriarch of Jerusalem In the sixteenth he congratulates S. Anselm for his being reconcil'd to the King of England and grants him a Power of absolving those who had opposed the Decrees of the Holy See about the Investitures of Benefices granted by Laicks or who had done Homage to the King for Ecclesiastical Preferments In the Seventeenth he advises Gerard Arch-Bishop of York to submit to the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury By the Eighteenth he writes to Baldwin King of Jerusalem to subject all the Churches which shall be conquer'd by him to the Church of Jerusalem as their Metropolitan In the Nineteenth he grants this Privilege to Gibeline Patriarch of Jerusalem In the Twentieth he declares to Bernard Patriarch of Antioch that he did not thereby intend to prejudice his Rights In the Twenty first he orders Uraca the Daughter of the King of Castile to part from Alphonso King of Arragon her Kinsman in the third Degree The Twenty second is the Draught of a Bull which he had thought of making according to the first agreement which he had made with the Emperor Henry V. whereby he enjoyns the Bishops and Abbots of Germany to abandon all the Fiefs and other Estates which they held of the Empire upon Condition that the Emperor should make no pretension to the Estates which had not been bestow'd on the Church by the Emperor The Twenty third is written to John Cardinal Bishop of Frescati to Leo of Verceil and to other Cardinals who were met at Rome to Cancel the Decree of Pope Paschal whereby he had granted the Right of Investiture to the Emperor Henry In the Twenty fourth directed to Guy Arch-Bishop of Vienna he himself cancels this Decree and declares the Concession null and void In the Twenty fifth he advertises the Clergy of Augsburgh that he had interdicted their Bishop five Years ago upon the Complaints that had been preferr'd against him and that since that Bishop never appear'd to clear himself of the Crimes laid to his Charge he thought it not convenient to take off the Interdiction pronounc'd against him In the Twenty sixth he refers this Affair to the Determination of Arnulphus Arch-Bishop of Mentz The Twenty seventh directed to the Chapter of Augsburgh does not at all agree with the two former For he therein excuses the Bishop of Augsburgh and refers his Affair to Guy Bishop of Coire which has made Baronius suppose that it was surreptitious In the Twenty Ninth written to the Patriarch of Antioch he renews the Declaration which he had formerly made that by the Letter which he had written in favour of the Patriarch of Jerusalem he did not pretend to prejudice the Rights of the Church of Antioch He wrote the same thing to Baldwin King of Jerusalem by the Twenty Ninth In the Thirtieth he wrote word to Henry King of England that he would not meddle with the Rights and Privileges of the Church of Canterbury In the Thirty first directed to the same Prince he complains of their having turn'd Turstin Arch-Bishop of York out of his Church without having observ'd any forms of Justice In the Thirty second written to Pontius Abbot of Cluny he orders that in the Communion they should give the Bread and Wine apart which was contrary to the Custom of Cluny where sometimes they dip'd the Host in the Wine However he excepts Infants and Infirm persons In the Thirty third he sent word to Daimbert Arch-Bishop of Sens that he had Consecrated him who had been Elected Bishop of Paris without prejudicing the Rights of the Church of Sens. By the Thirty fourth directed to Lambert Bishop of Arras he confirms the Disunion which had been made by his Predecessor Urban II. of the Bishoprick of Arras from that of Cambray gives two Arch-Deaconries to the former and orders it should enjoy all the Territories which depended on it formerly By the Thirty fifth he wrote word to the Bishops of the Provinces of Rheims Sens and Tours that he had commission'd them with Lambert Bishop of Arras to give King Philip Absolution in case he would sincerely part with Bertrarda To this Letter is annex'd the Oath which that Prince and Bertrarda took at Paris in the Year 1104. in the presence of those Bishops to have nothing more to do with each other In the Thirty sixth he Commissions Daimbert Arch-Bishop of Sens to try the Difference which was between the Abbot of Vezelay and the Abbot of Flavigny The Thirty seventh is the Bull of the Legation of Gerard Bishop of Angoulême in the Provinces of Bourges Bourdeaux Auche Tours and Bretagne In the Thirty eighth directed to Norigand Bishop of Autun he confirms his Election and orders that he shall freely enjoy all the Revenues of his Church The next written to Stephen Bishop of Autun contains some thing like the former The Six next Letters are directed to Saint Anselm Arch-Bishop of Canterbury In the forty second he answers to several questions which that Arch-Bishop had proposed especially about the Investitures of Churches and he therein determines that a Bishop may receive Ecclesiastical Revenues from the hands of Laicks who bestow them on the Church provided it were within his own Diocess but that he ought not to receive those which are in another Diocess and that Abbots ought not to receive them but from the hands of Bishops That one might not receive a Church from the King as a Recompence of those Ecclesiastical Revenues which he had seiz'd upon That an Ecclesiastick ought not to pay Homage to a Lay Prince That the Sons of Priests may be admitted into Holy Orders That it was better in case of extremity one should receive the Viaticum from the hands of a Married Priest rather than not receive it at all In the forty sixth he wrote word to the Clergy of Terrouane that they ought not to suffer any Marry'd Clergy amongst them The forty seventh is a Privilege granted to the Monastery of St. Sophia near Benevento The forty eighth directed to Richard Arch-Bishop of Narbonne is a confirmation of the Revenues and Privileges appertaining to that Arch-Bishoprick with Prohibitions against making
being design'd for the Church under the Protection of the Holy See In the Sixth directed to the Clergy of Tours he confirms the Excommunication pronounc'd by his Legat against Fulcus Earl of Anger 's by reason that he did not break the Marriage between his Daughter and William Son of Lord Robert The Seventh is a Confirmation of the Privileges granted the Abbey of Cluny by his Predecessors The Three following relate to the Legateship of Cardinal John de Creme into England The Last Address'd to the Bishops of the Province of Tours to exhort them to Observe the Decrees of the Council of Nantes The Letters of Innocent II are very many In the First he confirms the Judgment of the Council of Jouare against the Associates of Thomas The Letterâ— of Innocent II. Prior of St. Victor as likewise against those of Archembaud Sub-Dean of Orleans adding several Punishments which were before Omitted By the Second he gives all the Lands which the Princess Matildis enjoy'd in Italy and which she had left to the Holy See to the Emperor Lotharius and Henry Duke of Bavaria his Son in Law on condition that they swear Fealty and do Homage to the Church of Rome and moreover to pay yearly a Hundred Pound in Gold The Third is a Confirmation of the Immunities and Revenues belonging to the Church of Pistoia in Tuscany Address'd to the Bishop of that City The Five Letters following are written to the Patriarch of Jerusalem and Antioch and the other Bishops of the East for Conservation of the Dignity and Rights of Fulcus Arch-Bishop Tyr. In the Ninth he confirms the Grant made by Pope Honorius II. to Roger of the Kingdom of Sicily Dutchy of Apulia and Principality of Capua together with the Title of King The Next following contain the Condemnation of Peter Abaëlard and Arnold de Bresse The Twelfth is a Privilege granted to the Abby of St. Memme In the Three Next he confirms the Power of the Arch-Bishop of Hambourg over the Bishopricks of Denmark Sueden and Norway In the Sixteenth he Admonishes Hugh Arch-Bishop of Roan to comply with the King of England his Master and to permit the Abbots of Normandy to pay Fealty and Homage to him In the Seventeenth he acquaints King Lewis that he is Arriv'd in perfect Health at Cluny By the Eighteenth he commands Geofrey Bishop of Chartres and Stephen Bishop of Paris to restore to Archembaud Sub-Dean of Orleans and his fraternity the Benefices and Goods that had been taken from them In the Nineteenth he orders the same Bishop of Paris to take off the suspension which he had awarded against the Church of St. Genieveve The Four next relate to the Abbey of Vezelay to which he orders an Abbot and whose Privileges he confirms In the Twenty fourth he commands Alâ—isus Abbot of Anchin to take care of the Church of Arras of which he was Elected Bishop In the Twenty fifth he confirms the Rights and Privileges of the Bishop of Bamberg In the Twenty sixth he receives Hugh Arch-Deacon of Arras under protection of the See of Rome The Fourteen Letters which follow concern the Privileges and Revenues of the Abbey of Cluny and in the fifteenth he recommends himself to the Prayers of this Monastery The Forty second is a piece of a Letter wrote to Otho Bishop of Lucca concerning those Witnesses who are related to either Party In the Forty third he acquaints Guigue Prior of the Great Charter-House that he has Canoniz'd Hugh Bishop of Grenoble and farther Commands him to write what he knows of his Life or Miracles There are also five more Letters which belong to Innocent II. and relate to the Affairs of Germany and two concerning the Church of Anger 's The first are at the end of the 10th Tome of the Councils and the two last in the 2d Tome of the Miscellanies of Monsieur de Baluze We have but three Letters of Celestine II. IN the First he acquaints Peter the Venerable Abbot of Cluny with his Accession to the Pontificate The Letters of Celestine II. In the Second he confirms the Donation of the Church of St. Vincent to the Order of Cluny by the Bishop of Salamanca In the Last he orders the Arch-Bishop of Toledo to restore to the Bishop of Orense some Parishes which the late Bishop of Astorgas had seiz'd upon The Letters of Pope Lucius II. are about Ten. BY the First he gives Peter of Cluny to understand that he has made a Truce with Roger King of The Letters of Lucius II. Sicily By the Second he demands aid of King Conrade against the Italians who were revolted and who had chosen Jordanes for a Patrician In the Third and Fourth he confirms the Primacy of the Church of Toledo over all the Churches of Spain The Fifth contains a Privilege granted to the Abbey of Cluny In the Sixth he submits the Monastery of St. Sabas to the Abbey of Cluny By the Seventh he Commands the Abbot of St. Germain's of Auxerre to discharge the Servants of the Abbot of Vezelay who were Bail for him and he moreover removes the Suit before Godfrey Bishop of Langres In the Eighth he confirms the Judgment given by Pope Paschal against those that had kill'd Artaud Abbot of Vezelay and forbids their being receiv'd any more into any Monastery By the Ninth he orders the Count of Nevers to restore to the Abbey of Vezelay whatever he had taken from it And by the Tenth he enjoyns St. Bernard to warn the said Count from exacting any thing from the aforesaid Abbey The Letters of Eugenius III. are in a far greater number THE First Address'd to Lewis King of France is an exhortation to the Croisade to encourge the retaking Eugenius III. the City of Edesse with all others that had been Conquer'd and in a word to defend the Holy-Land from Invasion He therein confirms all the Privileges granted to the Knightâ— of the Cross by his Predecessor Urban and moreover puts their Wives Children and Estates under protection The Letters of Eugenius III. of the Churches and Bishops then he prohibits any Process being issu'd out in prejudice of the said Knights till they were either Dead or return'd from their Voyage Next his Will is that they be paid Interest for the Money they had Permits them to Mortgage their Estates to the Churches without equity of Redemption warns them not to be at a needless charge about unprofitable Equipage but to lay the most part out in Arms Horses and other Instruments of War And lastly he grants them Remission and Absolution of all their Sins which they shall have Confessed with an humble and contrite Heart By the Second directed to Thibaud Arch-Bishop of Canterbury he Commands and Provides that the Bishop of St. David's shall be subject to the See of Canterbury and likewise requires the two said Bishop's Attendance at Rome the Year following on St. Luke's day that he may Judge farther of the matter The
have been actually put in Execution if the Inhabitants of Verona had not entreated him not to do it in their City Therefore he departed from thence with that design but was prevented by Death which happen'd October 17. A. D. 1187. The next day ALBERT Cardinal Priest of St. Laurence and Chancellor of the Church of Gregory VIII Rome was plac'd on that See and bore the Name of GREGORY VIII His Popedom did not continue during two entire Months for he died December 16. in the same Year After a vacancy of twenty days the See of Rome was fill'd up by PAULINUS Cardinal of Clement III. Palestrina chosen Jan. 26. A. D. 1188. and nam'd CLEMENT III. Under his Popedom the Christian Princes undertook a Crusade for the recovering of the Places that Saladin had taken from them in the Levant The Emperor Frederick Richard I. sirnam'd Coeur de Lion King of England and Philip II. King of France were engag'd in that Expedition The first was drowned in 1190. as he was washing himself in a small River between Antioch and Nice and his Son Henry succeeded him in the Imperial Dignity Pope Clement III. died April 10. A. D. 1191. HYACINTHUS Cardinal Deacon with the Title of St. Mary was chosen in his Place Celestin III. under the Name of CELESTIN III. and after having been ordain'd on Holy Saturday was plac'd in St. Peter's Chair on Easter-day At that time Henry arriv'd with an Army near Rome and determin'd to enter the City to be Crown'd Emperor Forasmuch as the Pope put him off from time to time the Romans sent Deputies to promise him That if he would engage to preserve their Rights and Privileges and to demolish the Castles that were built at Frascati they would admit him and would oblige the Pope to solemnize his Coronation He accordingly consented and took an Oath before the Pope at the Door of St. Peter's Church that he would maintain the Ecclesiastical Rights restore St. Peter's Patrimony and rase the Citadel of Frascati Afterwards the Pope caus'd him to enter the Church and actually Crown'd him Emperor and Constance his Wife the Daughter of Roger King of Sicily Empress William sirnam'd the Good King of Sicily the Nephew of that Princess dying she laid claim to the Crown but Tancred her Bastard Brother excluded her and got Possession of the Throne which gave occasion to the War that Henry undertook to subdue that Kingdom He march'd into Italy with a formidable Army A. D. 1196. and treated the Nobility of Sicily in so outragious a manner that his own Wife being sensibly afflicted with the Calamities of her Nation joyn'd with them against her Husband and compell'd him by force to grant them reasonable terms of Peace Henry did not long survive that Reconciliation for he dy'd at Messina in 1197. Pope Celestin excommunicated him some time before for detaining Prisoner Richard King of England whom Leopold Duke of Austria had sold to him after having seiz'd on that valiant Prince in his Territories as he was returning from his Expedition to the Holy Land Upon account of that Excommunication the Arch-bishop of Messina refus'd to bury him in consecrated Ground till he had consulted the Pope Therefore he went to meet his Holiness and requested of him three Things viz. 1. A Licence to interr the Emperor's Body according to due Form 2. The deliverance of Marcowald his Imperial Majesty's Chief Justice who was besieged by the Romans And 3. That Frederick the Son of Henry might be Crown'd King of Sicily Celestin reply'd as to the first Article That the Emperor could not be bury'd without the consent of the King of England and till the Mony were restor'd to that Prince which he had exacted from him for his Ransom As to the second Article That the setting of Marcowald at Liberty depended on the Pleasure of the Romans He granted the last Article on condition that the Sum of a thousand Marks of Silver should be paid to him and as many to the Cardinals and after that the Empress had taken an Oath upon the Holy Gospels That Frederick was begotten in lawful Wedlock of Her and Henry As for the Succession to the Empire it was contested between Philip the Brother of Henry deceased and Otho the Son of the Duke of Saxony as we shall have occasion to shew hereafter Pope Celestin did not long survive the Emperor Henry for he fell Sick on the Festival of Christmas in the same Year and died Jan. 8. A. D. 1198. It remains only for compleating the History of these Popes to give some account of their Letters The Letters of Anastasius IV. are few in number In the First he reprehends Engebaud Arch-bishop of Tours for neglecting to acquaint him with the high Misdemeanours of which Anastasius IV's Letters the Bishop of Treguier is accus'd and orders him incessantly to Summon that Prelate to appear in his Court and if he find him guilty of the Crimes laid to his charge that is to say of having riotously wasted the Revenues of his Church of having conferr'd Orders contrary to the Canonical Constitutions and of having committed Simony and Perjury to send him to the Holy See to the end that he might be punish'd according to the severity of the Canons In the Second he writes to Hugh Arch-bishop of Sens and to his Suffragans to look upon the Inhabitants of Vezelay as under a Sentence of Excommunication by reason of the Persecutions that they rais'd against Ponce Abbot of the Monastery of that place He writes the same thing to the Count and Lords of Burgundy in the Third which only differs from the former in the Superscription By the Fourth he orders Peter Arch-bishop of Bourges to excommunicate the Count of Nevers and the Inhabitants of Vezelay unless they gave Satisfaction to the Abbot and Monastery of Vezelay within thirty days after the Monition is exhibited to them He writes again on the same Subject to Lewis VII King of France to the Bishops of that Kingdom and to Ponce Abbot of Vezelay in his Fifth Sixth and Seventh Letters In the Eleventh he confirms the Statutes of the Regular Canons of St. John at Lateran In the Twelfth he takes into his Protection the Order of the Knights of St. John at Jerusalem and ratifies their Privileges The First of the Letters attributed to Pope Adrian IV. is a Privilege granted to the King of England to make himself Master of Ireland referr'd to by Matthew Paris But it is a Adrian IV's Letters very doubtful Piece and there are no grounds to rely upon it The Second is the Letter that gave offence to Frederick and in which the Pope complains That the Bishop of London was misus'd in the Emperor's Dominions as he was returning from the Holy See and that he did not take care to revenge that Indignity To induce him to do it he entreats him to call to mind with what kindness he was receiv'd at Rome the preceding
other Prelates except the Bishop of Winchester were of the same Opinion Thomas would not hearken to that proposal but to be set at Liberty he express'd his desire to speak with two Lords who were with the King when they were come he desir'd that he might be allow'd time till the next day and said that then he would make such an Answer as God should direct him Whereupon the Assembly deputed the Bishops of London and Rochester to deliver that Message to the King but the former said that the Arch-bishop was desirous to have time in order to look over his Papers and to prepare to give an account to his Majesty The King being satisfy'd with that Declaration sent him word by the two Lords with whom he desir'd to speak That he was willing to grant him the time he sued for provided that he kept his word in giving an account of the things that were committed to his Charge Thomas forthwith declar'd that he never made such a promise However he was permitted to depart and that very Night he was seiz'd with a violent fit of the Colick which hindred him from rising the next Morning The King sent two Lords of his Court to enquire whether he were Sick and at the same time to give him a Summons He excus'd himself for the present by reason of his Indisposition of which they were Witnesses and promis'd to appear the next day In the mean while a report was spread abroad that if he went to the Royal Palace he would be Assassinated or arrested the next day several Bishops us'd their utmost endeavours to perswade him to make a resignation of his Arch-bishoprick and of all his Possessions to the King in regard that they were much afraid lest he should lose his Life if he did not submit He did not seem to be at all concern'd at their Remonstrance but forbid all the Bishops to assist at the Proceedings that were to be carried on against him and declar'd that he appeal'd to the Holy See The Bishop of London protested against the Prohibition â—he then made and retir'd with all the Bishops except those of Winchester and Salisbury who continu'd with Thomas Becket However that Prelate after having Celebrated Mass went to the Palace bearing his Crosier Staff himself The King refus'd to admit him into his Presence and retiring into a private Chamber sent for the other Bishops and made great complaints to them against Thomas Becket The Bishops approv'd the King's Resentments avouching that that Arch-bishop was a perjur'd Traytor and that it was requisite to proceed against him as guilty of High Treason However they durst not bring him to a Formal Tryal but only sent him word by Hilary Bishop of Chichester That forasmuch as after having promis'd Obedience to the King and Sworn to observe the Customs of the Kingdom he acted contrary to his Oath they did not take themselves to be any longer obliged to obey him that therefore they put their Persons and Churches under the Popes Protection and cited him to his Tribunal The King likewise sent him word by Robert Earl of Leicester that he expected an account Thomas Becket's Retreat to France of the Things committed to his Charge Thomas protested that he was discharg'd by the King's Son when he was made Arch-bishop of Canterbury Afterwards he refus'd to submit to the Judgment of the King Bishops and other Lords of the Kingdom declar'd that he would acknowledge no other Judge but the Pope and cited the Bishops before him After having made this Declaration he went out of the Palace the Doors of which he open'd with the Keys that were found hanging on the Wall and was accompanied to his House by a crowd of poor People On that very Night he took a resolution to retire and to the end that it might be done more secretly he feign'd an inclination to lie in the Church and made his escape having chang'd his Cloaths and Name but before he embark'd he took some turns about the Coasts of England to avoid being apprehended Then he pass'd over into Flanders arriv'd at Graveline and retir'd from thence to the Abby of St. Berthin where he discover'd himself and sent Deputies to Lewis VII King of France to inform him of his present distress and to entreat his Majesty to permit him to stay in his Kingdom They were prevented by the Deputies of the King of England but the French King did not receive them favourably and declar'd on behalf of Thomas Becket even before the arrival of his Deputies These last were kindly entertain'd and the King promis'd all manner of Protection to the Arch-bishop in his Kingdom and said that in that Point he only follow'd the Custom of the Kings his Predecessors who by a very peculiar Privilege were always in a capacity to afford a Sanctuary in their Dominions to Persecuted Bishops and to defend them against all their Enemies The Deputies of the King of England and those of the Arch-bishop went to the Pope The Pope's Declaration in his Favour who was then at Sens The former brought over some of the Cardinals to their side but the Pope stood for the Arch-bishop nevertheless he gave Audience to the Deputies of the King of England who press'd him to oblige the Arch-bishop to return to England and entreated him to send a Legate a latere to take cognizance of that Affair and to accommodate it or to determine it without Appeal The Pope refus'd to do any thing till the Arch-bishop arriv'd in Person and having declar'd his resolution to the Deputies they departed very much dissatisfy'd A little after Thomas Becket accompanied by the Arch-bishop of Trier and the Abbot of Berthin came to Soissons where King Lâ—wis admitted him into his Presence and re-iterated the promises he had made to his Deputies Afterwards he went to Sens to meet the Pope whom he soon made sensible of the Justice of his Cause by shewing him the Articles that were drawn up at Clarendon which with common consent were found contrary to the Interest and Liberty of the Church The next day he proffer'd to quit his Metropolitical Dignity and entreated his Holiness to nominate another Person to supply his place But the Pope would by no means allow it order'd him to keep his Arch-bishoprick and recommended him to the Abbot of Pontigny into whose Monastery he retir'd The King of England being informed of the Pope's Answer by his Deputies consiscated the wâ—ole Estate and Goods of the Arch-bishop of Canterbury with those of his Relations and Friends banish'd them from his Kingdom and publish'd new Ordinances more prejudicial to the Liberty of the Church than the former Thomas Becket wrote to him as also to some Bishops of England about that Matter but those Remonstrances prov'd ineffectual However he propos'd a Conference in which the Pope was to assist but his Holiness being return'd to Rome the King sent Deputies to him whom he caus'd to pass through
Germany where they assisted in the Assembly of Wurtzburg against Pope Alexander and bound themselves by an Oath with the Bishops of Germany to stand for Paschal the Antipope nevertheless they did not forbear to continue their Journey and to meet Alexander to whom they deliver'd the Letter of their Prince who threaten'd to withdraw himself from his Obedience if he did not give him satisfaction as to the affair of Thomas Becket The Pope to advance a Person whom the King thought fit to depress constituted him Legate Thomas Becket maâ—e Legate of the Holy See in England of the Holy See throughout the whole Kingdom of England except the Province of York Thomas being Invested with this new Dignity thought himself obliged to shâ—w the effects of it Therefore he condemn'd and abolish'd the Customs that were publish'd at Clarendon Excommunicated all those who observ'd e'm or caus'd 'em to be observ'd by others sent word to the Bishops that they were by no means oblig'd to the Oath they had taken and threaten'd the King of England with an Anathema On the other side the King to prevent him appeal'd to the Holy See by the advice of the Prelates of Normandy and dispatch'd John of Oxford to Rome to entreat the Pope to send a Legate a latere into England to the end that they might determine or make up the Business However he threatn'd the Monks of Cisteaux to destroy all the Monasteries that they had in his Dominions if they entertain'd the Arch-bishop any longer at Pontigny Therefore he was forc'd to depart from thence and made choice of the Monastery of St. Columba in the City of Sens for the place of his abode He Excommunicated many Persons of the Kingdom of England and some Bishops more especially the Bishop of London his greatest Enemy In the mean while John of Oxford having gain'd the favour of part of the Court of Rome by his Presents assur'd the Pope That the King of England would no longer inâ—ist upon the John of Oxford's Negotiation at Rome Customs that he caus'd to be receiv'd in the Assembly of Clarendon and procur'd William Cardinal Bishop of Pavia to be nominated Legate to determine the Affair of the Arch-bishop of Canterbury but in regard that he might be surpriz'd by reason of the intimate Correspondence that there was between him and the King of England the Pope appointed Cardinal Otho to be his Collegue He also gave Absolution in particular to John of Oxford whom Thomas Becket had Excommunicated granted him the Deanry of Salisbury and Suspended Thomas's Authority till the arrival of his Legates These advantages which it seems the King of England obtain'd at the Court of Rome startled the Arch-bishop of Canterbury and his Friends insomuch that Peter Lombard wrote about it to the Pope as well as Thomas Becket who excepted against the Judgment of the Cardinal of Pavia These two Legates being arriv'd in France inform'd the Arch-bishop of the occasion of their being sent by the Pope and the Cardinal of Pavia told him that he came to put an end to the Difference between him and the King of England Thomas had prepar'd a very sharp Answer but he suppress'd it by the advice of William of Salisbury and wrote to him with greater Moderation The two Legates could not immediately execute their Commission by reason that they were oblig'd to mediate a Peace between the Kings of England and France The Cardinal The Negotiations of the Pope's Legates in England of Pavia openly maintain'd the Interest of the former and gave occasion of complaint to the other nay the Pope upon his sollicitation prohibited Thomas to pronounce any Sentence of Excommunication against the Person of the King of England or of Suspension against his Dominions At last the Legates gave notice to the Arch-bishop to make his appearance on Novemb. 10th A. D. 1168. on the Frontiers of the two Kingdoms but he desir'd and obtain'd a delay for seven days to get together again the Companions of his Exile At last he appear'd with a numerous retinue at Gisors the place appointed for the Conference and there met with the two Legates accompanied by the Arch-bishop of Rouen who represented to him the inflexibility of the King of England and the Calamities that the Church endur'd by the Persecution of which he was the Cause Afterwards they insisted upon the Grandeur and Power of that Prince the Kindness and Respect that he always express'd for the Holy See and the extraordinary Favours that he had Conferr'd on the Arch-bishop of Canterbury They related with exaggeration the complaints that he made against him accusing him of having induc'd the King of France and the Count of Flanders to make War with his Majesty Lastly they exhorted the Arch-bishop to humble himself and to testifie his Obedience to his Sovereign by making a voluntary submission and by suppressing his Anger and the fierceness of his natural Disposition Thomas Becket resolutely made his defence and clear'd himself from the suspicions that the King of England had conceiv'd against him and more especially as to the particular accusation that he had excited the War between that Prince and the King of France who condescended so far as to give Testimony to his Innocence by declarâ—ng upon Oath that it was not true that he sollicited him to undertake that War The Aâ—ch bishop of Canterbuâ—y added that he was well persuaded that a Bishop ought not to have recourse to those sorts of means That he was ready to shew to the King all manner of submission and deference provided that the Glory of God the Honour of the Aposâ—olick See the â—iberty of the Church the Dignity of the Priesthood and the Church-Revenues might receive no detriment They propos'd that he should promise the King to observe all the Customs that were in use in the time of the Arch-bishops his Predecessors or at least that he should tolerate them and conceal his resentments But he would not engage to do either no not so much as to keep silence Then they insisted that he should resign his Archbishoprick in case the King could be prevail'd with to renounce the Customs that were contested but he likewise rejected that Proposal Lastly the Legates asked him whether he were willing to acknowledge them as competent Judges for the deciding of the Differences between him and the King or not He was somewhat perplex'd at this Demand for on the one side he was unwilling openly to disown their Authority and on the other side he did not look upon it as safe that he should be tryed in any other Tribunal but that of the Pope himself Therefore he reply'd That when the Goods and Chattels of which he was depriv'd were restor'd to him he would readily submit to the Judgment of the Pope or to that of any other Persons to whom he should grant a Commission to be his Judges Thus ended this Conference which had no effect Thomas Becket gave
were an intention to begin again that which was already done but the same Ceremony may be re-iterated when 't is perform'd for a different end and has another effect That therefore the Holy Chrism is put on the Fore-head after having anointed the top of the Head with it because those several Unctions produce different Effects But that Extreme Unction cannot be re-iterated by reason that it is a Sacrament In the Tenth he proves That the Bishops ought not to exact any thing for Benedictions and Ordinations and asserts it to be a kind of Simony in a Bishop not only to receive Money for the Benediction of an Abbot but also to exact of him an acknowledgment by which he binds himself by promise to his Diocesan The Eleventh is a Constitution about the manner how Monks ought to proceed in accusing others and in defending themselves in their Chapter In the Twelfth he explains in a few words three Vertues necessary for Pastors of the Church viz. Justice Discretion and Fore-sight The Thirteenth and Fourteenth are certain Dialogues between God who upbraids the Sinner with his Ingratitude and the Sinner who acknowledges his Offences and implores the Mercy of God The Fifteenth and Sixteenth are Prayers made by a Sinner to God in which he humbly sues for his Mercy and begs pardon for his Transgressions These Tracts are concluded with four Hymns or Proses viz. one directed to the Virgin Mary and the three others on the Repentance of Mary Magdalen All these Works are follow'd by eleven Sermons on the Nativity Resurrection and Ascension of Jesus Christ On the Purification and Festivals of the Virgin Mary On Mary Magdalen whom he confounds with the Sinner On the penitent Thief and on St. Benedict These Sermons are dry and barren containing nothing that is Eloquent and indeed generally speaking all the Pieces of this Author are not written with much Elegancy or Politeness However his Compositions are very natural and his Explications easy and familiar Father Sirmond caus'd them to be printed at Paris A. D. 1610. from two Manuscript Copies and annex'd Annotations on the Letters which are very serviceable to make known the Persons and to illustrate many Historical Matters of Fact that are mentioned therein HILDEBERT Bishop of Mans and afterwards Arch bishop of Tours HILDEBERT Born at Lavardin in the Diocess of Mans of Parents of mean Condition Hildebert Bishâ—p of Mans. joyn'd the Study of the Liberal Sciences to that of Divinity and was chosen Bishop of Mans A. D. 1098. His first Exercises of the Episcopal Functions were disturbed by the War that broke forth between William II. Sirnam'd Rufus King of England and Helie Count of Mans who being taken Prisoner by that Prince the City of Mans fell into the Hands of Foulques Count of Anger 's The King of England was Marching at the Head of an Army to take it when the Bishop and Inhabitants fearing lest the Count of Anger 's should make an Agreement at their Cost Surrendred it to him on Condition that their Count should be set at Liberty Afterwards the Count having got together some fresh Troops re-enter'd the City of Mans and Besieg'd the Forts that were possess'd by King William's Forces but he was repuls'd and the King remain'd Master of the City Hildebert was accused of having been concern'd in that enterprize and oblig'd to pass over into England to clear himself The King enjoyn'd him to cause the Towers of his Church to be pull'd down and Hildebert returning with that Order found his Church laid waste by the outrages that were committed against the Clergy by the pillaging of its Revenues and the burning of the City But the King of England dying a little while after A. D. 1100. Count Helie re-took the City granted a Composition to the King's Soldiers who were in the Forts and re-establish'd Order and Peace in those Parts When Hildebert saw his Native Country restor'd to its former Tranquillity he undertook a Journey to Rome and went to visit Pope Paschal II. by whom he was very kindly entertain'd and returned from Rome laden with Honours and Preferments Some time after he was apprehended at Nogent le Rotrou where he went to bear the last Will and Testament of the Count of Rotrou who was detain'd Prisoner at Mans. At last having procur'd his Liberty he solemniz'd the Consercation of the Cathedral Church of Mans newly re-built and continu'd to Govern his Diocess in Peace till the Year 1125. when he was translated to the Arch-bishoprick of Tours after the Death of Guillebert Hildebert not long after his Promotion to that Dignity fell out with Lewis the Gross King of France having refus'd to dispose of the Benefices belonging to that Church more especially the Deanry and Arch-Deaconry at the pleasure of his Prince who caus'd the Revenues to be seiz'd on and prohibited him to enter his Dominions The Person who was nominated Dean was at variance with the Canons who were maintain'd by the Court which gave occasion to disturbances in the Church of Tours At last these dissensions being appeas'd he was restor'd to the King's Favour and died A. D. 1132 after having possess'd the Episcopal See of Mans 27 Years and the Metropolitan of Tours six Years and as many Months The Letters of this Author are the most valuable Pieces amongst his Works They are written in a fine Epistolary Style after a very Natural manner and contain divers Important Points of Morality Church-Discipline and History We shall here produce the Extracts of those that Treat of these Matters omitting the others which relate to meer Compliments or to particular Affairs such as the six first Therefore we shall begin with the seventh in which the Author determines That a Virgin Betroathed before she was Marriageable whose Husband died without knowing her Carnally cannot Marry the Brother of her former Husband because Marriage does not consist in Carnal Copulation but in the consent of the Parties The seventeenth is likewise written on the same Subject In the Ninth he declares That he refus'd to assist at the Consecration of one who was chosen Bishop of Anger 's because he was a Young Man and not as yet in Orders and was not Canonically Elected by the Clergy but proclaim'd in a Popular Tumult against whose Election the Dean the Chanter the Arch-Deacons and the greatest part of the Chapter had protested He declares the same thing to that Elected Person in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Letter and exhorts him not to suffer himself to be Consecrated By the Fourteenth he deposes a certain Person who had given Money to be Ordain'd a Deacon The Eighteenth is a Letter directed to Paschal II. and Compos'd with a great deal of Art to excuse the Canons of St. Martin at Tours who had given offence to the Pope by insisting too much on their Privileges In the Nineteenth he excuses himself for not being able to be present in a certain Council by reason that his Church and
forty eighth the Hundred forty ninth and the Hundred fifty third are written to the King of Denmark and to some Bishops of that Kingdom and of Sweden to induce them to procure Lead in England to cover the Church of St. Genevieve which was burnt and pillaged by the Normans He makes by the way a very ingenious Antithesis between the Lead that is purchased at Rome for Bulls and that which is bought in England saying That one serves to impoverish the Churches and the other to cover them Anglico Plumbo tâ—guntur Ecclesiae nudantur Romano He entreats the Pope to grant two Dispensations viz. one in the eighty second Letter for the Chancellor of France who was denied admittance into Holy Orders because he was not born in lawful Wedlock and the other in the Hundred and thirteenth upon the same occasion in favour of a certain Person who had exercis'd the Office of an †Procurâ—ur Fiscal Attorney General He observes in the former that the Canon of not admitting base born Persons among the Clergy was not generally receiv'd in all the Churches He likewise makes a request to the Pope to confirm the Immunity of the Abbey of St. Everte at Orleans in the Fifty eighth and Fifty ninth Letters and in the Hundred fifty fifth to maintain the Revenues belonging to the Prebends of the Cathedral of Paris appropriated to the Church of St. Victor The Hundred fifty ninth is concerning the difficulty of leading a solitary course of Life and of the means of attaining to it Evrard of Avâ—snes Bishop of Tournay dying A. D. 1191. the Clergy at first chose Peter Chanter of the Church of Paris to supply his Place and Stephen wrote the Hundred seventy fifth and last Letter of the second Part in his behalf but that Election being adjudged to be null he himself was install'd in the Bishoprick of Tournay and caus'd his Nephew to be chosen Abbot of St. Genevieve in his stead The first Letters of the third Part relate to his promotion to that Dignity In the Two hundred and second he determines That the Marriage of a Novice who has left his Convent for that purpose is valid In the Two hundred and eighth he gives a particular account of his Life and Conversation to justifie himself against Bertier Arch-Deacon of Cambray who accus'd him of not leading a Life conformable to that of a Bishop I very seldom go says he out of the City I assist as often as is possible at the celebration of all the Divine Offices I Preach the Word of God to my Diocesans after the best manner that I can I declaim against the modern Heresies I freely administer the Sacraments which I have freely receiv'd I detest Simoniacal Practices I do not receive Bribes or unlawful Presents I give wholsom Advice to all those who make Confession to me and impose on them profitable Penances I comfort the Afflicted as far as it lies in my Power I spend my spare Hours in reading and meditating on the Holy Scripture I exercise Hospitality in entertaining my Guests cheerfully and keeping a good Table never eating my Bread alone yet I do not rioutously wast the Patrimony of JESUS CHRIST in maintaining Stage-players and Farce-actors Such is my outward demeanour and as for the inward disposition of my Mind it is known to none but God The Two hundred twenty fourth Two hundred twenty fifth and the Two hundred twenty sixth Letters have reference to the Abbot of St. Martin at Tournay whom he suspended for leading a disorderly Life and re-establish'd him at the request of the Bishop of Arras on condition that he should observe the Rules that were prescribed to him and which are specify'd in the Two hundred twenty fourth Letter The Two hundred thirty first and the following are written against the Sentence of Suspension which Melior the Pope's Legate was about to denounce against the Country of Flanders In the Two hundred forty third and the next he puts up Complaints against the Inhabitants of Tournay who refus'd to submit to his Authority In the Two hundred forty eighth and Two Hundred forty ninth he complains that the Arch-bishop of Arras conferr'd Orders on the Monks of St. Amand without his leave The Two hundred fifty first is a Declamation directed to the Pope on this Subject viz. That the Study of the Fathers was then generally neglected to follow that of Scholastick Divinity and of the Decretals The Students says he having a relish for nothing but Novelties and the Tutors endeavouring to enhance their own Reputation rather than to promote the Instruction of others compile every Day new Sums or Systems of Divinity and new Theological Works on purpose to amuse and deceive their Auditors as if the Writings of the Fathers were not sufficient who have explain'd the Holy Scriptures by the same Spirit with which the Prophets and Apostles were inspir'd when they wrote them But these modern Doctors bring in new unknown and strange â—orts of Mâ—â—ses when the King's Wedding Feasts are quite made ready when the Oxen and Fowl are kill'd and when it only remains that the Guests should sit down at Table to eat Publick Disputations are set on foot against the Decisions of the Church touching the incomprehensible Godhead Flesh and Blood take upon them irreverently to dispute about the Incarnation of the Word The Holy Indivisible Trinity is as it were divided and torâ— in pieces with reverence be it spoken in the Publick Places insomuch that there are almost as many Errors as Doctors as many Scandalâ— as Auditories and as many Blasphemies as Places If there be occasion to pass from Theological Disputes to the Trial of Causes that are usually decided by the Canon Law as soon as the Judges delegate are appointed or when the Ordinaries have taken cognizance of the Matter a prodigious Labyrinth of Decretal Letters is immediately produc'd under the Name of Alexander of happy Memory from whence 't is impossible for any Man to extricate himself neither is any regard had to the ancient Canons but on the contrary they are rejected and contemned During which confusion it so falls out that the wholsome Ordinances of the ancient Councils are not follow'd in the Modern and matters are not debated according to their natural Order with respect to the true merit of the Cause by reason that the Decretal Letters have the Pre-eminence which perhaps are forged under the Name of divers Popes of Rome by Modern Canonists These are collected into an entire Volume which is read in the Schools and publickly sold to the great profit of the Writers who by that means take less pains and get more Money by copying out those suspected Works The third Objection that may be made against the present manner of Studying is that the Liberal Arts and Sciences have lost their ancient Liberty and are brought under so great Subjection that the Professors Chairs are fill'd with young Persons and the quality of Tutors is
a Treatise of the Monasteries and Abbies of Normandy the History of that of St. Michael's Mount a Commentary on St. Paul's Epistles taken from St. Augustin and the History of the Reign of Henry II. King of England Father Luke Dachery has caused to be printed at the end of Guibert's Works the Supplement and Continuation of Sigibert's Chronicle and the Treatise of the Abbeys of Normandy with a Letter written by the said Robert and his Preface to the Commentary on St. Paul's Epistles OTHO OF S. BLAISIUS continu'd the Chronicle of Otho of Frisinghen to the Year 1190. Otho of St. Blaisiue John Brompton Abbot of Jorval JOHN BROMPTON an English Monk of the Cistercian Order and Abbot of Jorval in the Diocess of York is the reputed Author of a certain Chronicle from the Year 588. to 1198. but the learned Mr. Selden assures us that it was not written by him that he only caus'd it to be transcrib'd and that he did not live in this Century Historians of England THE Kingdom of England has brought forth so many approved Authors who have â—mploy'd their Pens in writing the History of their Native Country that they well deserve to be referr'd to a particular Article HENRY OF HUNTINGTON the Son of a marry'd Priest named Nicolas and the Pupil of Albinus Andegavius Canon of Lincoln was made Canon of the same Church and afterwards Henry Arch-deacon of Huntington Arch-deacon of Huntington by Alexander Bishop of Lincoln whom he accompanied in his Journey to Rome He wrote the History of the English Monarchy from its first Foundation till the Death of King Stephen which happen'd in 1154. It is dedicated to the said Bishop Alexander and divided into Eight or Ten Books being contain'd among the Works of the English Writers in Sir Henry Savil's Collection printed at London A. D. 1596. and at Francfurt in 1601. Father Luke Dachery has likewise published in the Eighth Tome of his Spicilegium a small Tract of this Author concerning the Contempt of the World dedicated to Gauterius He there shews how the Things of this sublunary World ought to be contemned relating many Examples of Misfortunes that happen'd to the Great Personages of his Age and the miserable Death of divers profligate Wretches He declares in the Preface to this Tract that he had before made a Dedication to the same Person of a Collection of Epigrams and of a Poem about Love There are also in the Libraries of Oxford and Cambridge several other Manuscript Works of this Author particularly a Letter concerning the British Kings dedicated to Warinus a Treatise of the Counties of Great Britain another of the Image of the World and a Third of the English Saints WILLIAM LITTLE known by the Name of Guâ—iâ—lmus Neubrigensis was born at Bridlington near York A. D. 1136. and educated in the Convent of the Regular Canons of Neutbridge where Gulielmus Neubrigensis he embraced the Monastick Life He compos'd a large History of England divided into Five Books from the Year 1066. to 1197. This History is written with much Fidelity and in a smooth and intelligible Style It was printed at Antwerp A. D. 1567. ar Heidelberg in 1587. and lastly at Paris with John Picard's Notes in 1610. It is believ'd that he died A. D. 1208. WALTER born in the Principality of Wales Arch-deacon and even as some say Bishop of Oxford translated out of English into Latin the History of England composed by Geffrey of Monmouth Walter Arch-deacon of Oxford John Pyke and continued to his time JOHN PYKE wrote an History of the English Saxon and Danish Kings of England and flourished with the former Historian under King Henry I. GERVASE a Monk of Canterbury compos'd several Treatises relating to the History of England which are contain'd in Mr. Selden's Collection of the English Historiographers particularly Gervase Monk of Canterbury a Relation of the burning and repairing of the Cathedral Church of Canterbury an Account of the Contests between the Monks of Canterbury and Baldwin their Archbishop a Chronicle from the Year 1122. to 1199. and the Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury GEFFREY ARTHUR Arch-deacon of St. Asaph was chosen Bishop of that Diocess A. D. 1151. He left his Bishoprick by reason of certain Commotions which happen'd in Wales and retir'd Geffrey Arthur Bishop of St. Asaph to the Court of Henry II. King of England who gave him the Abbey of Abbington in Commendam Afterwards in a Council held at London A. D. 1175. the Clergy of St. Asaph caus'd a Proposal to be made to Geffrey by the Archbishop of Canterbury either to return to his Bishoprick or to admit another Bishop to be substituted in his room He refus'd to return designing to keep his Abbey but both the Abbey and the Bishoprick were dispos'd of and he was left destitute of any Ecclesiastical Preferment He wrote or rather translated out of English into Latin an History of Great Britain from the beginning to his time which is full of Fables dedicated to Robert Duke of Glocester and divided into Twelve Books It was printed at Paris A. D. 1517. at Lyons by Potelier in 1587. and by Commelin in the same Year it is also inserted among the Works of the English Historians printed that Year at Heidelberg It is reported that he in like manner translated out of English into Latin the ancient Prophecies of Merlin which were printed at Francfurt with Alanus's Observations A. D. 1603. The History of the Church of Durham was written by several Authors the first of whom is Turgot Monk of Durham TURGOT a Monk of that Diocess who compos'd one from its first Foundation to the Year 1096. SIMEON OF DURHAM copied out Turgot's History almost word for word from the Year Simeon of Durham 635. to 1096. and continued it to 1154. He likewise wrote an History of the Kings of England and Denmark from the Year 731. to 1130. A Letter to Hugh Dean of York about the Archbishops of that City and a Relation of the Siege of Durham These Three last Pieces were published by Father Labbé in the first Tome of his Library of Manuscripts The Historians of the Church of Durham by Turgot and Simeon were printed at London with the Works of the other English Historiographers A. D. 1652. WILLIAM OF SOMERSET a Monk of Malmesbury is justly preferr'd before all the other William of Somerset Monk of Malmesbury English Historians His History of England divided into Five Books contains the most remarkable Transactions in this Kingdom since the arrival of the Saxons to the 28th Year of King Henry I. that is to say from the Year of our Lord 449. to 1127. He afterwards added Two Books continuing the History to A. D. 1143. and annexed to the whole Work Four Books containing the History of the Bishops of England from Augustin the Monk who first planted Christianity in these Parts to his time These Works were printed at London
Victor is present and where the Emperor is incens'd against the King by reason that Alexander was not come according as he had engag'd to bring him and having the strongest Party designs to take him Prisoner but the King is deliver'd from this trouble by the Army that the King of England had caus'd to march that way XX. John de Bellemains is ordain'd Bishop of Poitiers Peter Abbot of Celles is translated to the Abbey of St. Remigius at Rheims Geffrey Abbot of Igny succeeds Fastredus in the Abbey of Clairvaux A Conferance at Avignon which was propos'd by the Emperor to put an end to the Schism but was broke off by reason that Pope Alexander refus'd to appear Hugh of Pâ—â—tiers a Monk of Verelay Albert Abbot of Hildesheim John of Heram Provost of Hagulstadt Falstredus Abbot of Claiâ—vaux 1163 IV. XII XXI Henry the Brother of the King of France is translated from the Bishoprick of Beauvais to the Archbishoprick of Rheims John Dean of Orleans is assassinated by a certain Lord from whom he endeavour'd to recover some Goods belonging to the Chapter of Orleans which he had Usurp'd The beginning of the Contests between Henry II. King of England and Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury A Council at Tours held in the Pope's Presence May 28. against the Anti-pope Victor and his Adherents and against the Hereticks of this Age. An Assembly at Westminster in which Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury incurs the Displeasure of the King of England by refusing to observe the Customs of the Kingdom without any Limitation A Council at Sens concerning the Murder of John Dean of the Church of Orleans Arnold Bishop of Lisieuâ— pronounces his Discourse concerning the Unity and Liberty of the Church in the Councâ—l at Tours 1164 V. The Death of the Anti-pope Victor at Lucca His Adherents and Followers proceed to the choice of Guy of Crema who assumes the Name of Paschal III. XIII XXII Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury repents of what he did in the Assembly at Clarendon and abstains from celebrating Divine Service till the Pope who then resided at Sens had given him Absolution for that Offence The King of England sends to the Pope to desire that the Arch-bishop of York may be made Legate of the Holy See in England and that the Customs of this Kingdom may be confirm'd by its Authority and observ'd by the Bishops of England The Pope only grants the Office of Legate to the Archbishop of York with this restriction that the same Legate shou'd have no Jurisdiction over the Person of the Archbishop of Canterbury and that the Bishops shou'd continue to obey him as their Primate Thomas Becket retires to France after the Sessions of the Assembly at Clarendon which requir'd him to resign his Archbishoprick He is very favourably receiv'd by the French King and the Pope who orders him to keep his Station of Archbishop William of Champagne the fourth of the Brothers of Adella Queen of France is chosen Bishop of Chartres after the Death of Robert Maurice de Sully succeeds Peter Lombard in the Bishoprick of Paris Richard of St. Victor is constituted Prior of that Monastery An Assembly at Clarendon held in the Month of January in which Thomas Arch-bishop of Canterbury and the other Prelates of England are compell'd to confirm certain Customs of the Kingdom and to oblige themselves by Oath to observe 'em without restriction An Assembly at Northamton against Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury Richard of St. Victor Hugh Monk of St. Saviour at Lodeve Laurence a Monk of Liege St Hildegarda Abbess The Death of Peter Lombard Bishop of Paris 1165 VI. Alexander returns to Italy and makes his publick entry into Rome in the Month of November XIV The Nativity of Philip fir-nam'd Augustus King of France XXIII Stephen who was sometime Bishop of Tournay becomes a Regular Canon in the Monastery of St. Everte at Orleans  Philip de Harveng Abbot of Bonne Esperance Alanus Bishop of Auxerre John of Salisbury Arnold Bishop of Lisieux Adamus Scotus Geffrey Arthur Bishop of St. Asaph The Death of St. Elizabeth Abbess of Schonaw 1166 VII XV. The Emperor Frederick marches into Italy with an Army to put the Anti-pope Paschal in Possession of the See of Rome XXIV Alexis Aristenes Oeoconomus or Steward of the Church of Constantinople cites in the Synod of that City the 37th Canon of the Council in Trullo against Nicephoruâ—s Patriarch of Jerusalem The Deputies of the King of England having assisted at the Assembly of Wurtzburg repair to Rome there to demand satisfaction as to the Affair of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury The Pope returns an Answer to the King their Master with so much Resolution that this Prince is oblig'd to disown what these Deputies had done in the Assembly of Wurtzburg Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury is Constituted Legate of the Holy See in England and in that Character condemns and abrogates the Customs that were Publish'd at Clarendon Excommunicates all those that shou'd observe or cause 'em to be observ'd and threatens the King of England with an Anathema A Synod of Constantinople held by Lucas Chrysobergius Patriarch of that City An Assembly at Wurtzburg held on the Festâ—ival of Whitsuntide in which the Emperor obliges by Oath the greater part of the Lords and Prelats of whom it was compos'd to acknowledge no other Pope but Paschal The Deputies of the King of England who was at variance with Pope Alexander by reason of the Differences between him and Thomas Arch-bishop of Canterbury take the same Oath Peter of Cellos Gilbert Foliot The Death of St. Aelred Abbot of Reverby 1167 VIII XVI The Emperor defeats the Romans in a Battel makes himself Master of part of the City of Rome and of St. Peter's Church But the Diseases that rage in his Army afterwards oblige him to retire speedily to Lombardy XXV John of Oxford deputed to Rome by the King of England obtains a promise of the Pope that he wou'd send two Legates to determine the Affair of the Archbishop of Canterbury and causes the Authority of the Arch-bishop to be suspended till the arrival of those two Legates Michael Anchialus is advanc'd to the Patriarchal See of Constantinople William of Tyre is made Arch-Deacon of that Church Peter of Blois repairs to Sicily where he 's chosen to be Tutor and afterward Secretary to William II. King of Sicily Geffrey Prior of Vigeois is ordain'd Priest by Giraldus Bishop of Cahors  Hugh of Poitiers Monk of Vezelay compleats his History of the Monastery Michael Anchisalus Patriarch of Constantinople The Death of Lucas Chrysobergius Patriarch of Constantinople The Death of of Wolbero Abbot of St. Pantaleon at Colen 1168 IX The Italians animated by the Sentence of the Council of Lateran revolt against the Emperor own Pope Alexander and expel the Schismatical Bishops XVII XXVI William of Champagne is translated from the Bishoprick of Chartres to the Archbishoprick of Sens. Thomas
relief of the Holy Land A Fast appointed by this Pope during five Years on all the Fridays from Advent till Christmass with abstaining from Flesh on Wednesdays and Saturdays Robert de Bar succceeds Peter de Celles in the Bishoprick of Chartres  Theorianus Hugo Etherianus Robertus Paululus Gervase a Priest of Chichester Odo Abbot of Bel. Cardinal Laborant Geffrey Prior of Vigeois Thierry or Theodoric a Monk Joannes Burgundus The Death of Peter de Celles Bishop of Chartres on the 17. day of February 1188 I. After a Vacancy of 20. days CLEMENT III. is Elected in the place of Gregory VIII January 6. XXXVII III. Philip Augustus King of France imposes a Tax in his Kingdom for his Voyage to the Levant which is call'd by the Name of Saladin's Tithes   1189 II. XXXVIII Henry II. King of England dies and Richard his Son succeeds him The Kings of England and France set forward in their Journey to the Holy Land The Queen Mother and her Brother William of Champagne Cardinal Archbishop of Rheims obtain the Government of France during the King's absence William the Good King of Sicily dies without Issue Constance his Aunt the Wife of Henry the Son of the Emperor lays claim to the Succession but Tancred the Natural Brother of the Princess gets possession of the Kingdom IV. William Bishop of Ely and Legate of the See of Rome in England is made Regent of the Kingdom during the absence of King Richard who is about to undertake an Expedition to the Holy Land   1190 III. XXXIX The Death of the Emperor Frederick in the Levant His Son Henry IV. succeeds him The Kings of England and France arrive in the Month of August at Messina and reside there above six Months V.   Neophytus John Bishop of Lydda The Death of Richard Prior of Hagulstadt 1191 I. Clement III. dies April 10. and CELESTIN III. is substituted in his place I. Henry is Crown'd Emperor by Pope Celestin and his Wife Constance Empress Richard K. of England takes possession of the Kingdom of Cyprus carries off a rich Booty from thence and gives this Kingdom to Guy of Lusignan in exchange for that of Jerusalem which Richard hop'd ere long to wrest out of the Hands of the Infidels VI. Evrard d'Avesnes Bishop of Tournay dying Peter Chanter of the Church of Paris is chosen in his place but William Archbishop of Rheims opposes this Election and causes Stephen Abbot of St. Genevieve at Paris to be Elected the next Year The taking of the City of Acre by the Christians from the Infidels in the Levant Pope Celestin orders the Bishops of England to Excommunicate all those that shou'd refuse to obey the Bishop of Ely Regent of the Kingdom   1192 II. The Pope Excommunicates the Emperor because he detains Prisoner Richard King of England II. Richard K. of England is taken Prisoner in returning from the Holy Land by Leopold Duke of Austria and deliver'd up to the Emperor Henry who confines him 14 Months During his Imprisonment John his Brother sir-nam'd Without Land gets Possession of the Kingdom of England VII The Pope confirms the Rights and Privileges of the Churches and Kingdom of Scotland The Canonization of St. Ubald Bishop of Eugubio Stephen of Tournay causes his Nephew to be chosen in his place Abbot of St. Genevieve at Paris  Baldwin of Devonshire Archbishop of Canterbury dies in the Levant this Year or in the following 1193 III. III. Philip King of France Marries Batilda according to some Authors or Isemburga as others will have it the Sister of Canutus King of Denmark but is Divorced from her some time after under pretence of being too near a kin VIII George Xiphylin is chosen Patriarch of Constantinople  Demetrius Tornicius writes this Year his Treatise of the Procession of the Holy Ghost 1194 IV. IV. Richard K. of England being released out of Prison resumes the Government of his Kingdom IX The Pope appoints the Bishop of Lincoln to take Cognisance of the Misdemeanors and Crimes committed by Geffrey Archbishop of York Michael de Corbeil Dean of the Church of Paris who had been chosen Patriarch of Jerusalem is made Arch-bishop of Sens.  The Death of Joannes Burgundus or John Burguignon Magistrate of Pisa. 1195 V. V. X. Isaacus Angelus is depos'd and ALEXIS ANGELUS is plac'd on the Imperial Throne I. The Pope Constitutes Hubert Archbishop of Canterbury his Legate in England and enjoyns the Bishops of this Kingdom to submit to his Authority He grants a Commission to Simon Dean of the Church of York to govern that Church and Summons Geffrey who was Archbishop of it to appear at Rome to clear himself there of the Crimes laid to his Charge A Synod at York held in the Month of June A Council at Montpellier in the Month of December Gauterius a Regular Canon of St. Victor Thierry or Theodoric Abbot Ogerus Abbot of Lucedia and of Mount St. Michael Robert de Torigny Otho de St. Blaise John Brompton Abbot of Jorval Lupus Proâ—â—spatus Alulphus Monk of St. Martin at Tâ—â—nay Isaac Abbot of L'Etoile 1196 VI. VI. The Emperor Henry marches into Italy with a numerous Army and makes himself Master of Sicily which belong'd to his Dominions in right of his Wife He treats the Sicilians so cruelly that this Princess Commiserating their Misfortunes constrains her Husband by force to grant 'em a Peace upon reasonable Terms II. Eustach is ordain'd Bishop of Ely in England in the place of William Odo de Sully succeeds Maurice in the Bishoprick of Paris  Henry Abbot of Clairvaux The Death of Maurice de Sully Bishop of Paris September 3. Gilbert of Sempringham Peter Abbot of Clairvaux Garnerius Abbot of Clairvaux Nicolas a Canon of Liege Sibrandus Abbot of Mariegarde 1197 VII The Pope consents that Frederick the Son of the Emperor Henry shou'd be Crown'd King of Sicily for 1000 Marks of Silver to be paid to him and as many to the Cardinals VII The Death of the Emperor Henry at Messina The Right of Succession to the Empire is disputed between Philip the Brother of Henry and Otho Duke of Saxony III. The Archbishop of Messina going to consult the Pope about the deceas'd Emperor who dy'd Excommunicated cannot obtain a License for the Interring of that Prince in Consecrated Ground but with the consent of Richard King of England and after having restor'd the sum of Money that was exacted for his Ransom Jourdain du Hommel is ordain'd Bishop of Lisieux Under his Government the Building of the Cathedral of Lisieux was finish'd and that Church was much enrich'd by the Liberality of this Bishop  Bertrand Abbot of la Chaise-Dieu Radulphus Tortarius Christina a Monk of Clairvaux Gauterius of Chatillon Thomas a Monk of Chichester Garnerius a Monk of St. Victor The Death of Peter Comestor Dean of St. Peter at Troyes Robert of Flamesbury Bartholomew Bishop of Oxford 1198 VIII Celestin III. dies Jan.
Treatises of Piety A Treatise of the Recommendation of Faith A Treatise of the Sacrament of the Altar ERMENGARDUS or ERMENGALDUS A Genuine Work A Treatise against the Manichees and other Hereticks of his Time JOHN the Hermit A Genuine Work The Life of St. Bernard BERNARD Abbot of Fontcaud A Genuine Work A Treatise against the Vaudois JOANNES CINNAMUS the Grammarian A Genuine Work The History of the Emperors John and Manuel Comnenus THEORIANUS A Genuine Work Conferences with the Armenians HUGO ETHERIANUS Genuine Works still extant A Tract in Defence of the Latins against the Greeks A Treatise of the State of the Soul ROBERTUS PAULULUS a Priest of Amiens Genuine Works The Books of the Offices of the Church The Canon of the Mystical Offering GERVASE a Priest of Chichester A Manuscript Work A Commentary on the Prophecy of Malachy ODO Abbot of Bel. A Genuine Work A Letter to his Brother a Novice in the Abbey of Igny LABORANT Cardinal Manuscript Works A Collection of Canons A Treatise of Justice Three Letters to Hugh Archbishop of Palermo GEFFREY Prior of Vigeois A Genuine Work A Chronicle of the History of France THIERRY or THEODORICUS a Monk A Genuine Work still extant The History of Norway JOANNES BURGUNDUS a Magistrate of Pisa. Genuine Works A Translation of St. John Damascenus's Treatise of the Orthodox Faith and of Nemesius's Eight Books of Philosophy MAURICE of Sully Bishop of Paris Manuscript Works Sermons for the Sundays of the Year Instructions for Priests CELESTIN III. Pope Genuine Works Seventeen Letters PETRUS COMESTOR Dean of St. Peter at Troyes Genuine Works A Scholastick History Sermons Printed under the Name of Peter of Blois JOANNES PHOCAS a Grecian Monk A Genuine Work still extant A Relation of a Voyage to the Holy Land NEOPHYTUS a Greek Monk A Genuine Work A Relation of the Calamities of the Island of Cyprus A Nameless AUTHOR A Genuine Work The Expedition of the Danes to the Holy Land A. D. 1185. DEMETRIUS TORNICIUS A Manuscript Work A Treatise of the Procession of the Holy Ghost JOHN Bishop of Lydda A Genuine Work A Letter to Michael Patriarch of Jerusalem GAUTERIUS a Regular Canon of St. Victor A Work lost A Treatise against the four Labyrinths of France THIERRY or THEODORICUS Abbot A Genuine Work The Life of St. Elizabeth Abbess of Schonaw OGERUS Abbot of Lucedia Genuine Works still extant Fifteen Sermons on the Lord's Supper GODOFREDUS of Viterbo A Genuine Work An Universal Chronicle call'd Pantheon A Manuscript Work A Geneology of all the Kings ROBERT of Torigny Abbot of Mount St. Michael Genuine Works A Supplement and Continuation of Sigebert's Chronicle A Treatise of the Abbeys of Normandy An Epistle and Preface to a Commentary on the Epistles of St. Paul Manuscript Works lost A Commentary on the Epistles of St. Paul The History of the Monastery of Mount St. Michael The History of Henry II. King of England OTHO of St. Blaise A Genuine Work Acontinuation of the Chronicle of Otho of Frisinghen to the Year 1190. JOHN BROMTON Abbot of Jorval Genuine Works still in our Possession A Chronicle from the Year 588. to 1198. LUPUS PROTOSPATUS A Manuscript Work A Chronicle ALULPHUS a Monk of St. Martin at Tournay A Manuscript Work The Gregorian Decretals the Preface of which was publish'd by F. Mabillon ISAAC Abbot of L'Etoile Genuine Works Sermons A Treatise of the Mind and Soul A Letter concerning the Canon of the Mass. HENRY Abbot of Clairvaux Genuine Works A Treatise of the City of God Several Letters PETER Abbot of Clairvaux Genuine Works Divers Letters GARNERIUS Abbot of Clairvaux Genuine Works still extant Certain Sermons GILBERT of Sempringham Genuine Works Two Books of Constitutions for his Order NICOLAS a Canon of Liege A Genuine Work The Life of St. Lambert SIBRANDUS Abbot of Mariegard in Friseland A Genuine Work The Life of St. Frederick Founder of that Abbey BERTRAND Abbot of La Chaise-Dieu A Genuine Work The History of the Life and Miracles of Robert the first Founder of that Abbey RADULPHUS TORTARIUS A Genuine Work A Book of the Miracles of St. Benedict A nameless AUTHOR A Genuine Work still extant The History of Jerusalem from A. D. 1177. to 1190. CHRISTIAN a Monk of Clairvaux A Manuscript Work A Collection of Sermons GAUTERIUS of Chastillon A Genuine Work A Book call'd Alexandreis Manuscript Works Three Books of Dialogues against the Jews THOMAS a Monk of Cisteau A Genuine Work A Commentary on the Book of Canticles GARNERIUS of St. Victor A Genuine Work The Gregorian Decretals ROBERT of Flamesbury A Manuscript Work A Penitential ODO of Chirton Manuscript Works A Summary of Penance Several Homilies JOHN a Carthusian Monk of Portes Genuine Works still extant Five Letters STEPHEN DE CHAULMET a Carthusian Monk of Portes A Genuine Work A Letter to certain Novices WILLIAM LITTLE a Regular Canon of Neutbrige or Neuburg A Genuine Work The Hist of England from the Year 1066. to 1197. GERVASE a Monk of Canterbury Genuine Works A Chronicle from the Year 1122 to A. D. 1199. The Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury A Relation of the burning and rebuilding of the Cathedral-Church of Canterbury A Representation of the Controversies between the Monks of Canterbury and Baldwin their Archbishop GONTHERIUS a Monk of St. Amand. Genuine Works still extant A Poem call'd Ligurinus A Treatise of Fasting and giving Alms. The Life of St. Cyricius and St. Julitta OLIVER of Colen A Genuine Work still extant A Relation of the taking of Damiata RADULPHUS DE DICETO Dean of St. Paul at London A Genuine Work A Chronicle to the Year 1198. GALFREDUS or GAUTERIUS DE VINESAUF A Genuine Work The Itinerary of Richard I. King of England GEORGE XIPHYLIN Patriarch of Constantinople Genuine Works Certain Ecclesiastical Constitutions PETER of Poitiers Chancellor of the Church of Paris A Genuine Work still extant A Book of Sentences Works lost A Commentary on the Books of Exodus Leviticus and Numbers Another Commentary on the Book of Psalms PETER of Blois Arch-Deacon of Bath Genuine Works A Hundred and Eighty Three Letters Sixty Five Sermons Sixteen Tracts SYLVESTER GIRALDUS Bishop of St. David's Genuine Works The Natural History of England The Topography of Ireland The History of the Conquest of Ireland by Henry II. King of England The Itinerary of the Country of Wales The Lives of the Saints and Letters RICHARD Abbot of Mount-Cassin A Genuine Work A Continuation of Peter the Library-Keeper's History of the Illustrious Men of Mount-Cassin STEPHEN Bishop of Tournay Genuine Works still extant CCLXXXVII Letters divided into Three Parts Works lost A Commentary on the Decretal of Gratian. Several Sermons THEODORUS BALSAMON Patriarch of Antioch Genuine Works Commentaries on the Canons and the Nomocanon of Photius A Collection of Ecclesiastical Constitutions The Resolution of divers Canonical Questions Answers to the Questions of Mark Patriarch of Alexandria Two Letters ELIAS of Coxie Abbot of Dunes Genuine Works Two Discourses
Paschasius Cent. 9th p. 77. to whom may be added Theodolphus Bishop of Orleans Walafridus Strabo Abbot of Richenou Ahyto Bishop of Basil and Rabanus Mâ—â—rus Archbishop of Mayence who did also oppose the Doctrin of Paschasius in the same Century and particularly Râ—banus in his Penitential which was written in the Life-time of Paschasius censures his Doctrin about the Eucharist as a Novel Error as is prov'd in a Dissertation about Bertram's Book of the Body and Blood of Christ annexed to the Translation of it and printed at London in 1686. I shall only add that the Doctrin of Bertram's Book against Paschasius about the Eucharist appears plainly to have been generally receiv'd by the Church of England in the 10th Century from the Paschal Homily which Elfric Archbishop of Canterbury translated into the Saxon Tongueabout the Year 970. which is published at London in 1566. and attested to be a true Copy by the hands of fifteen Prelats and several Noblemen for this Book was commanded by a Canon to be read publickly to the People as is observed by Dr. Cave Hist. Lit. p. 589. and contains the same Aguments and for the most part the same Expressions which were us'd by Bertram against Transubstantiation as is prov'd by A. B. Usher in his Answer to the Jesuites Challenge c. 3. And that Bertram's Book was directly levell'd against Transubstantiation as it is now defin'd by the Council of Trent will plainly appear by citing a few passages out of many that are in that little Book to this purpose For first he says expresly that the Eucharist is the Body of Christ not Corporally but Spiritually and then he proves That what is Orally receiv'd in the Sacrament is not Christ's natural Body because it is incorruptible whereas that which we receive in the Eucharist is corruptible and visible And again Christ's natural Body had all the Organical parts of a humane Body and was quickened with a human Soul whereas his body in the Sacrament hath neither he proves that the Words of the Institution are figurative because the Symbols have the Name of the thing signified by them 2. He says expresly That as to the Substance of the Creatures what they were before Consecration they remain after it Bread and Wine they were before Consecration and after it we see they continue Beings of the same kind and nature He denies any natural Change and affirms it to be only spiritual and invisible such as was made of the Manna and Water in the Wilderness into the Body and Blood of Christ. These things are so plainly and frequently asserted in this Book that I must Transcribe the greatest part of it if I would produce all the Passages which are to this Purpose and therefore I cannot but wonder to find Du Pin so far mistake the Questions which are handled by Bertram as he does in the Hist. of the 9th Century where he makes the sense of the first Question to be this Whether the Body and Blood of Christ be in the Eucharist without a Veil so as to appear to our outward Eyes and the meaning of the 2d to be no more than this Whether the Body of Christ be in the same manner in the Eucharist as it was on Earth and is in Heaven and Whether it be there in as visible and palpable a manner for it cannot be supposs'd that ever any Man in his Wits should maintain that the Body of Christ in the Eucharist is visible to our Eyes with all its Lineaments and distinction of Parts and that the Flesh and Bones there are palpable to our hands or that the Body of Christ in the Eucharist is both Earthly and Corruptible as it was upon Earth and Spiritual and Incorruptible as it is now in Heaven These are such wild Imaginations as could never enter into the Mind of any Man of sound Senses and therefore Bertram cannot be suppos'd such a Fool as to confute them seriously with many Arguments and that in a Letter to the Emperor which were no less Ridiculous than if a Man should write a Book on purpose to prove that a Man does not appear visibly in the shape and figure of a Horse or a Mouse like an Elephant The main Question of Bertram's Book then is not as Du Piu puts it Whether the Body of Christ be in the Eucharist in as visible and palpable a manner as when he liv'd upon Earth which I believe was never affirm'd by any either in that Age or any other But Whether in the Sacrament we receive the same Body of Christ which was Born of the Virgin Crucified and Rose again supposing what is agreed on all hands that it is not visibly there and this he flatly denies and plainly disproves in direct opposition to Paschasius and the Doctrin of the present Roman Church He says indeed the Elements are truly Christ's Body and Blood but then he explains himself they are not so as to their sible Nature but by the Power of the Divine Word and then he adds the visible Creature feeds the Body but the Virtue and Efficacy of the Divine Word feeds and sanctifies the Souls of the Faithful From which and many other such like Expressions it plainly appears that he did not believe the Sacrament to be a meer Sign and Figure of Christ's Body and Blood but thought they were Really present not in a Carnal but Spiritual Sense 1 In regard of the Spiritual Virtue and Efficacy of them which by the Divine Blessing is communicated to the Faithful in which sense only they can be profitable to the Soul for the Flesh profits it nothing and if Du Pin contends for the Real Presence only in this sense the Church of England will readily grant it which has taught her Catechumens to say that the Body and Blood of Christ are verily and indeed taken and receiv'd by the Faithful in the Lord's-Supper But if he contends for a Corporal Presence of Christ's Natural Flesh and Blood the Doctrin of Bertram is no less expresly against it than that of the Church of England and the latter may as easily be reconcil'd to Transubstantiation as the former And this I have the longer insisted upon both because most of the Writers of that Age whom we have alledg'd against Transubstantiation follow the Principles and make use of the Arguments and Expressions in Bertram's Book and chiefly because this Book seems to have been the Model by which the first Reformers fram'd this Article of the Eucharist for so Bishâ—p Ridley who had a great hand in Compiling this Article intimates as we find in the Preface of a Book De Coena Domini Printed at Geneva in 1556. where he says That it was this Book which first put him upon Examining the Old Opinion about the Presence of Christ's very Flesh and Blood by Scripture and Fathers and Converted him from the Errors of the Church of Rome in this Point which is also affirm'd by Dr. Burnet's History of
of the Letter That tho according to the caution of the Apostle we must not believe every spirit yet because in a matter of this nature it is not likely that an Angel of Satan would transform himself into an Angel of Light it is better to believe piously than to doubt rashly and because the thing is otherwise good in it self tho it had not been revealed he was resolved to have it put in execution In the three hundred and sixtieth he justifieth his conduct to those of Milan in having excommunicated their Advocate Passeguerre for failing in that respect which was owing to the Judgment of the Holy See In the three hundred and sixty first he granted the Inhabitants of Montefiascone an abatement of half the Tribute they were to pay to the Pope upon condition they should maintain some Troops of Horse and Foot for his Service In the three hundred and sixty second he decided the case of a Man that was accused of Adultery by his Wife thus That Judgment could not be given upon an Information that was made lite non contestata and all that could be done was to excommunicate the Man for refusing to make his appearance In the three hundred and sixty third he ordered the Goods of a Church which had been alienated from it to be restored The three hundred and sixty fourth is about a Difference between two Irishmen for the Bishoprick of Rosse He sends back his Judgment of it to the Archbishops of Armagh and Cassil and to the Bishop of Laom. The three hundred and sixty sixth is a Confirmation of the Election of the Bishop of Laghlin in the same Country And by the three hundred and sixty seventh he order'd a Lord of this Country not to oppose this Bishop in taking possession of his Bishoprick but to take care about the restitution of those Goods which had been taken from his Church The three hundred and sixty fifth is a Confirmation of the antient Customs of the Society of St. Agathus In the three hundred and sixty eighth he decided a considerable Affair about the Chancellorship of the Church of Milan The Pope had given it to a Subdeacon a Canon of that Church and had directed the Mandate for it to the Archbishop of Milan he received it and sent word back again that he had not given it him because he had need of the Revenues of it The next day he changed his note and declared that he had given it above ten months before to Henry of Lampune straight the Archbishop was cited to Rome before the Pope and having sent his Attorney with Witnesses to Rome he proved that the Chancellor being dead in the month of January he had by the application of his friends secretly in his Chamber given his place to this Henry they having promised to let him enjoy the Revenues that he had invested him in it by giving him the Book and had received his Oath of Fidelity but had not indeed given him the Patent till after having received the Pope's Mandate This Donation was incumber'd with many Difficulties 1. The bargain made with his Kindred was unwarrantable 2. It was made privately 3. The Investiture was performed with an extraordinary Ceremony 4. 'T was maintained that the Chancellorship being a spiritual Benefice could not be conferred after such a manner 5. That he on whom it was conferred not being an ordinary Canon was not capable of it The Pope appointed Commissioners upon the place to inform about these matters and interdict the Chancellor the right of enjoying it Upon this he applied himself to the Pope desiring to have all things restored him alledging that the Patent had been given him before the receipt of the Mandate As to the form of the concession he defended that by maintaining that there was no Simony in keeping of the Income as well because the Office of Chancellor is not spiritual nor has any spiritual Functions annexed to it as because there was no buying or selling in the case and that the Fruits which he had given up had been separated from the Office and kept back by the Archbishop before this Donation that as for the rest he was capable of the Office being a Canon of the Church of Milan and having a voice in the Chapter and a place in the Choir That lastly he had had no hand in the bargain which they said his Friends had made but had been purely and simply put into the Chancellorship Upon these Allegations the Pope judges that the Archbishop was in the fault 1. In giving different Answers 2. In not providing a person more capable 3. Because he ought not to bestow a Benefice upon any one and keep the Income of it to himself nor to make a Bargain to keep them before he will confer the Benefice For his Punishment he deprived him of the Privilege of conferring the first Prebend vacant in his Church And as for the Chancellorship how great a mind soever he had if he could do it with justice to give it to the Subdeacon whom he had provided yet he declared he had not found Henry in fault sufficient to deserve being turned out because he had made no bargain and besides it was not proved that the Chancellor had any spiritual Functions incumbent on him the proposing the Ordainers and the examining of them and the putting the Abbots and Abbesses in possession which was customary for the Chancellors to do belonging properly to the Archdeacons and being done by the Chancellors only by the Commission of the Bishops He took off also the Interdict which his Commissaries had pronounced against him and judged that the trouble of taking two Journys to Rome was punishment sufficient The three hundred and sixty ninth is an Order directed to the Magistrates and Inhabitants of Castellane to take the Oath of Fidelity to those whom he had sent on his part to receive it By the three hundred and seventieth he order'd the Archbishop of Canterbury to retake those Goods which had been alienated from his Church and confirmed the Reunion which he had already of some that had been alienated In the three hundred and seventy first he confirmed the Declaration of Richard King of England importing that the subvention and help which had been granted him by the Clergy of England should be no hurt or prejudice to the Ecclesiastical Immunity By the three hundred and seventy second he approved of the Donation which the Archbishop of Louden had made to the Church of Roschild on condition that he should enjoy it during his life In the three hundred and seventy third he confirmed the foundation of six Prebends which the Bishop of Arhusen had made in his Church The three hundred and seventy fourth is written to the Archbishop of Upsal about the Pallium which he sent him In the three hundred and seventy fifth he takes those of Perusae into his protection and confirms their Privileges In the three hundred and seventy sixth
hundred and fifty first he confirmed the judgment given by the Bishop of Lodi in favour of the Canons of Novara against a private Person who pretended to a Prebend of that Church belonging to him by a Mandate By the four hundred and fifty second he accepted of the Resignation of the Bishop of Urgel and by the next he order'd the Chapter of that Church to proceed to the Election of a new Bishop whom in the four hundred and fifty fourth he recommended to the Archbishop of Tarragon He determined in the four hundred and fifty fifth That a Religious Vow made before the year of probation is valid but that the Abbots ought not to accept of it and that that of a married Person ought not to be accepted except she likewise to whom he is married makes a vow of perpetual continence The four hundred and fifty sixth is written in favour of a Priest who had had some forged Letters of the Pope's given him and had made use of them thinking them true The Pope excused him upon account of his ignorance and order'd the Archbishop of Siponto to put him to no trouble upon this matter In the four hundred and fifty seventh he gave leave to the Abbot and Religious of St. Edmond to get their Church dedicated and likewise to let such Crosses and Images as were not easily taken out remain in their places In the four hundred and fifty eighth he confirmed the Sentence given in favour of the Church of St. Paul about the Privilege of having a Font and baptising which was disputed by the Church of St. Mary of Cervaro near Monte-Cassino In the four hundred and fifty ninth he forbids the Prior and Religious of Durham to do any thing but with the consent of the Bishop of that City which was to them instead of an Abbey In the next he upholds the Bishop of Durham in the right of conferring such Benefices as the Patrons had left vacant By the four hundred and sixty first he order'd the Bishop of Cesena to take off the Censure pronounced against those of that City on condition they would take an Oath to submit to the Pope in those things for which they were interdicted In the four hundred and sixty second he declar'd that Laicks could not under any pretence whatsoever claim the Tithes of Churches In the four hundred and sixty third he confirmed the Orders for the Chapter of Arles and in the four hundred and sixty seventh he forbids the receiving of any Canon into this Church who doth not make profession of the Order of St. Augustin By the four hundred and sixty fourth he gave leave to the Archbishop of Arles to proceed against the Abbot of St. Gervais of Fos who would not obey him and made no scruple to admit those to divine Service whom he had interdicted and to give them Ecclesiastical Burial By the four hundred and sixty fifth he confirm'd the Privileges of the Abbey of Compeigne In the four hundred sixty and sixth he ordered the Suffragans of the Archbishop of Arles to be obedient to him In the four hundred and sixty eighth he gave leave to the Bishop of Chonad in Hungary to give absolution in Cases reserved for the Holy See to the sick and old of his Diocess upon condition that as soon as they were well they should come to Rome In the four hundred and sixty ninth he order'd this same Bishop to make such Deacons and Subdeacons as were married to quit their Wives In the four hundred and seventieth he confirmed the Institution of the Prebends created in the Church of Durham In the four hundred seventy first he forbids plurality of Livings In the four hundred and seventy second and third he forbids the Provost of the Church of Arles to borrow any thing without the consent of his Chapter and would have him give them an account of what he received and what he laid out In the four hundred and seventy fourth he order'd that the Archbishop of Arles should have the disposal of the Personates of his Church and in the four hundred and seventy sixth he advises him to make a Reform in the Monastery of St. Gervais In the four hundred and seventy seventh he order'd the execution of his Mandates for the Canonships in the Church of Xainte In the three next he ordered Peter of Corbeil famous for his Learning and Knowledg to be put in possession of a Prebendary and the Archdeaconry of York which had been given him by that Archbishop The four hundred and eighty first contains a Rule of the Order of Trinitarians which he confirms By the four hundred and eighty second he gave to the Provost of Alba the Privilege of presenting to the Custody of his Church In the four hundred and eighty third he exhorted the Bishop of Poictiers to reform the Churches of his Diocess and gave him power for that purpose By the four hundred and eighty fourth he confirmed the Privileges of the Abbey of St. Peter of Corbie and by the four hundred and eighty eighth and ninth Letters defended them against the Bishop of Tournay The four hundred and eighty fifth is written to the King of England in favour of the Monks of Canterbury who had not been well dealt with by their Archbishop He sends it in the next to the Archbishop of Rouen and the Bishop of Ely that they might give it the King The four hundred and eighty seventh is a Letter of exhortation to Almeric King of Jerusalem The four hundred and ninetieth ninety first second and third are written about the Translation of Maurice Bishop of Nantes to the Bishoprick of Poictiers which the Pope permits and approves of In the four hundred and ninety fourth he accepted of the Resignation of the Bishop of Carcassonne By the four hundred and ninety fifth and sixth he named Commissaries to defend the Privileges of the Church of St. Martin of Tours In the four hundred and ninety seventh he order'd the Bishop of Coventry in England to dispose of the Benefices of those Clergymen that were convicted of Simony and to oblige those who were suspected of it to clear themselves canonically The four hundred and ninety eighth is an Act by which Guy Earl of Auvergne gave a Castle to the Pope and desired his Protection against the Bishop of Clermont his Brother who ravaged his Lands with a Troop of Biscayans In the four hundred and ninety ninth he commended the design which the Archbishop of Colocza had of reforming a Monastry and gives him leave to put Regular Canons into it In the five hundredth he wrote to the King of Hungary to oblige the Sclavonians to pay their Tithes to the Archbishop of Colocza In the five hundred and first he determin'd That no one ought to make a Promise of a Benefice before it is vacant In the five hundred and second he gave permission to the Bishop of Tripoli to stay in that Diocess although he was chosen
of being a Conjurer is condemn'd by his General 1279 II. XIX VII Alphonso III. King of Portugual dies His Son Denis Succeeds him  The Council of Ponteaudemer held the Thursd. before Ascension-day The Council of Avignon May 17. The Council of Reading held in July The Council of Buda held in September The Council of Anger 's held in October Roger Bacon is imprison'd by the Pope's Order 1280 III. Nicholas dies August 22. The Holy See is Vacant six Months XX. VIII  The Council of Cologn The Synod of Saintes The Synod of Poitiers Albertus Magnus dies Bonaventure Brocard Mark Paul the Venetian Anonymous Author of the Annals of the Dominicans of Colmar John de Hayde William de la Mare Robert of Russia Ulrick of Strasburgh Henry of Gand. S. Gertrude S. Mattildis 1281 Simon de Brie Cardinal of S. Caecilia is elected Pope Feb. 22. at Viterbo Consecrated at Orvieto March 23. and takes upon him the Name of Martin IV. because of the Office of Treasurer which he formerly had in the Church of S. Martin at Tours I. XXI IX  The Council of Saltzburgh The Council of Lambeth Nicholas de Henaps is made Patriarch of Jerusalem 1282 II. XXII X. The Sicilian Vespers Peter King of Arragon seises on Sicily Alphonso King of Castile is Dethron'd by his Son Sancho Henry III. King of England dies Nov. the 25th His Son Edward I. Succeeds him The Pope's Bull dated Jan. 10. which grants to the Mendicants the Power of Preaching and Confessing upon Condition that those who confess'd themselves to them should confess themselves once a Year to their proper Curate according to the Determination of the Fourth General Lateran Council The Council of Avignon The Synod of Saintes held the Easter Holy-days The Council of Tours held the beginning of August George Acropolita dies 1283 III. XXIII Michael Palaeogus dies His Son Andronicus Succeeds him The Patriarch Veccus is turn'd out and Joseph Re-establish'd XI The Re-union of the Greeks and Latins is broken after the Death of the Emperor Michael   1284 IV. I. George of Cyprus call'd Gregory is made Patriarch of Constantinople after the Death of Joseph Veccus is Depos'd and Banish'd XII Charles K. of Sicily is defeated by the K. of Arragon and his Son Charles the Cripple is taken Prisoner Alphonso King of Castile dies his Son Sancho remains in quiet Possession of the Kingdom  The Council of Constantinople against the Patriarch Veccus and the Bishops who had maintain'd the Union of the Greeks and Latins The Synod of Nismes The Synod of Poitiers George Metochites Constantine Meliteniota George of Cyprus George Moschamper Constantine Acropolita Flourish Mark a Greek Monk and Job Jasites write against Veccus Simon of Creet writes for the Latins Gregory Abulpharaje finishes his History Roger Bacon dies 1285 Martin IV. dies Mar. 25. Cardinal James Sabëllus is Elected in his place Apr. 2. and Consecrated at Rome May 20. under the Name of Honorius IV. I. II. XIII Charles K. of Sicily dies Jan. 7. his Son Charles the Cripple succeeds him Philip the Hardy King of France dies Oct. 6. His Son Philip the Fair succeeds him Peter III. K. of Arragon dies Nov. 9. his Son Alphonso succ him   Simon Monk of Afflighem William Prior of the same Monastery Henry Monk of the same Alexander de Dol or of Ville de Dieu Engelhard Abbot of Lanckaim 1286 II. III. XIV  The Council of Ravenna held July 8. The Council of Bourges Sept. 17. William Durant is made Bishop of Menda Matthew of Vendome dies 1287 Honorius IV. dies on April 3. The Holy See vacant till April of the next year IV. XV. Charles the Cripple is set at Liberty  The Synod of Exeter held April 16. The Council of Wurtzburgh  1288 Nicholas IV. is Elected Apr. 22. I. V. XVI  The Council of Lisle in Provence Nicholas of Hanaps dies 1289 II. VI. George of Cyprus Patriarch of Constantinople dies Anastasius Succeeds him XVII Charles the Cripple causes himself to be Crown'd K. of Sicily at Rome May 28. Dangianus K. of Arragon surrenders Sicily to him but his Bro Frederick contests it with him  The Synod of Chichester Thierry of Apolda writes the Life of S. Elizabeth Countess of Thuringa 1290 III. VII XVIII  The Council of Nogarol held in August Conrad of Halberstad makes his Additions to the Concordance of the Bible Gobelinus Egehard Abbot of Urangen Conrad the Dominican Stephanard Ralph of Cologn Thomas Palmeran Guy of Baif Raymond of Martins Nicholas the Gaul Egehard Monk of S. Alban Matthew d'Aqua Sporta and Arlotus General of the Franciscans Luke of Padua Richard of Middleton Flourish 1291 IV. VIII XIX The Emperor Radulphus dies the last of September Alphonso King of Arragon dies in June His Son James Sirnam'd the Just Succeeds him  The Synod of Saltzburgh The Council of London Gregory of Caer-guent finishes his Chroâ—icon Peter the Dominican Gerard of Liege John Peckam dies 1292 Nicholas IV. dies on April 4. The Holy See Vacant 2 Years 3 Months and 2 Days IX Adolphus Count of Nassaw is Elected Emperor January the 6. I.  The Synod of Chicheâ—ter James de Vorâ—… made Arch-Bishop of Genes 1293  X. II.   Henry of Gand dâ—… 1294 Peter Maron the famous Hermit is Elected Pope the 10th of July and named Celestine V. Benedict Cajetan perswades him to lay down the Popedome He does it Decemb. 12. and Cajetan causes himself to be Elected the 24th of the same Month and takes upon him the Name of Boniface VIII XI III. Celestine V. renews the Constitution of Gregory X. for keeping the Cardinals lock'd up in the Conclave till they had Elected a Pope He approves by a Bull dated Aug. 28. of the Order of the Celestines which he had founded The Council of Saumur held in October Ptolemey of Lucca writes the Lives of the Popes Baldwin Regular Canon of Premontre Finishes his Chronicon 1295 I. XII IV. Sancho King of Castile dies his Son Ferdinand Succeeds  The Synod of Canterbury  1296 II. XIII V.   The Death of William Durant 1297 III. XIV VI. The Frerots Condemn'd by Boniface   1298 IV. XV. VII Adolphus is Depos'd by the Princes of Germany and Albert Duke of Austria the Son of the Emperor Radulphus elected in his stead Adolphus is Conquer'd and kill'd in Battel I.  The Synod of Saintes John the Teutonick Garsias Henry oâ— Amand Suson Gantier or Walter of Exeter Francis of Moncade James de Voragine dies 1299 V. XVI II.  The Council of Roan held the Thursday after the Octave of Whitsontide  A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE Ecclesiastical Writers OF THE Thirteenth CENTURY And of their WORKS JOACHIM ABbot of Flora Flourish'd from the Year 11â—1 to the Year 1200 which is thought to be the Year of his â—â—ath Genuine Works still extant See the Catalogue of them p. 54. Works Lost
out by their Bishop 17. Of the Visitation of the Monasteries of Black-Friars in Germany 120. Privileges granted to the Italian Monks of the Order of S. Benedict 43. The Tokens that William of St. Amour prescribes whereby to discover the false Monks 140 143 Monasteries Constitutions concerning their Cloyster 92. Prohibitions against Building of new ones without the Bishop's leave 113. The leave of turning a Church into a Monastery to be granted by the Bishop 43. Prohibitions against holding Tryals in them 117 The Abbey of Mont-sacre The Differences between this Abbey and that of Calane adjusted by Innocent III. 29 The Church of Montreal The Confirmation of the Privilege of its Arch-Bishop 23 Abbey of Mouzon The Pope's Grant of raising it to a Bishoprick 17 Murder Deprives a Clerk of his Benefices 27. That an involuntary Murder committed by a Clerk do's not deprive him of his Benefices 18. Whether a Priest who is the innocent Cause of a Murder may continue his Functions 39. The Absolution of this Crime reserv'd to the Bishop 132. The Pennance impos'd on a Man who had kill'd his Wife and Daughter 44 Muret. This City Besieg'd by the King of Arragon who lost his Life before it 151 Mysterium Fidei Why these Words were added to the Canon of the Mass 44 N NArbonne A Peace set on Foot in this City between the Croisade and the Albigenses 151 Church of Nephin Restor'd to that of Tripoli 14 New Converts The care the Bishops ought to have of them 111 Nicholas de Bar sur Aube Doctor of Paris The Proceedings of Pope Alexander IV. against this Doctor and several others of his Brethren 138. Is one of the Embassy to Rome 139 The Church of S. Nicholas of the Mount near Narni It s Privilege of Exemption confirm'd 25 29 Notaries What they ought to know in order to be admitted into such an Office 111 Nuncios of the Pope Those who offer them any Injury Excommunicated 134 Nuns Constitutions concerning their Conduct and Duties 93. 102 105. Oblig'd to live in Common 126. That the Nuns who have beaten other Nuns or Clerks may receive Absolution from the Bishop 42 O OAths When forbidden to exact the Oath of Fidelity of Ecclesiasiicks 100. When one is not bound to keep it in Justice 28 Odo of Doway Doctor of Paris The Proceedings of Alexander IV. against this Doctor and several of his Brethren 138. Is sent to Rome with William of S. Amour 139. The Rules for the University which the Pope would have him approve of and made him to execute 140 Offerings That those of private Chappels belong to the Curates 121 Officials The Study requisite for being admitted an Official 111. Of their Duties 127 Orbibarians A Sect of Hereticks and their Errors 149 Ordinations Of the Times of Ordinations and the Qualifications of those who are to be Ordain'd 109 112 117 124 125. The Age prescrib'd for taking Priest's Orders 90 155. And the other Orders ibid. That an Eccesiastick who is the cause of a Murder without being an Accomplice in it may be promoted to Holy Orders 24. That a Man who has lost his Right Hand may not be admitted to take Holy Orders or enjoy Benefices 23. Of the Duties of Bishops in Ordinations 99. That a Bishop who has Ordain'd any Clerks without the Title of a Benefice or a Patrimony ought to provide for their Subsistence 14. Ordinations made by Excommunicated Persons null 27. Prohibitions against demanding any thing for conferring Orders 102 130 The Minor Orders Three of the Minor Orders omitted by the Greeks 50 Religious Orders The Institutions of several Religious Orders in this Century 156. c. Their Number Restrain'd 124. And Prohibitions against Founding new Ones 98. That 't is not lawful to pass from a more strict to a more remiss Order but rather from a more remiss to a more strict One 34. The Laicks forbidden to wear the Habit of any Religious Order without having made Profession of it 125 Teutonick Order Its Rules approv'd of by Innocent III. 33 Orensa in Spain The number of it's Canons fix'd to thirty six 24 Ornaments of the Church The Abbots prohibited to Consecrate or bless them 120. Of those which are requisite for every Church 104. Of the care that ought to be taken of them 98 115. 132. Prohibited from pawning them without the Bishop's leave 126 Osyth of Chu The Confirmation of the Institution of the Order of Regular Canons of that Abbey and of its Privileges 22 Osma in Spain Rules confirm'd for this Church 35 Cardinal Otho The Council which he held at London during his Legation in England 111 Otho Duke of Saxony and Emperor Disputes the Empire with Philip Duke of Suabia 45. The Motives which induc'd the Pope to declare for him and to confirm his Election 46 47. Is recogniz'd for Emperor after the Death of Philip and Crown'd at Rome 2 47. The Oath which he takes of the Pope ibid. The cause of his breaking with the Pope who Excommunicates and Deposes him 2. His Attempts to maintain himself on the Throne 2 3. His Defeat by Philip Augustus King of France 3. And his Death ibid. Cardinal Ottobon The Constitutions which he Publish'd during his Legation in England 120 Ottogar King of Bohemia Takes an Advantage of the Divisions of Germany to Aggrandize his own Anthority 9. His Differences with the Emperor Rodolphus 10. His Death ibid. P PAlestine or the Holy Land The Obligation of the Vow of going to to the Holy Land 14. The Letters of Pope Innocent III. for the Relief of the Holy Land 23 24 25 28 29 40 41 48 Pall. That it ought only to be granted to such Arch-Bishops whose Predecessors have enjoy'd it 32 Peace Prayers for it injoyn'd 126. Decrees for the Observation of it 109 Perfect Who are counted such a among the Albigenses 153 Perjurers Canons against them 106. 116. Their Absolution reserv'd to the Pope 91 Patriarchs Of the Rank and Privileges of Patriarchs 97. That they ought not immediately to take upon themselves the Tryal of Clerks who desire to be tryed by their Bishop 31 Patriarchs of Constantinople What Rank they held in the Conventions wherein the Emperor was in Person 42 Patronage Of the Right of Patronage 130. That no Man can present himself to a Benefice of which he has the Right of Patronage 21 Patrons Penalties to be inflicted on those who abuse the Clerks of their Patronage 100 The Church of S. Paul near Mount Cassin The Privilege of having Tenths and of Baptizing granted to this Church 30 Pegaw A Contest about the Exemption of this Abbey 24 Canonical Penalties The commutation of them for Pecuniary Fines forbidden 121 Penetintiaries Order'd to have one General Penitentiary in every Cathedral Church 112. Of their Duties in Absolving reserv'd Cases 118 Pennance Of the injoyning of Pennances for Publick Sins 132 Penitentiary Friars Hermits re-united to the Order of Augustin Friars in this Century 157 Pensions Forbidden to lay any on
of them 102 117 129. Forbidden to Swear on Relicks for any other Causes than that of Peace 117 Reparations of Churches Who are bound to do it 128 Reprisals The use of them abolish'd in the Church 124 Resignations A Canon to prevent Collusion in them 121. Declar'd Null when made for fear of the Secular Power 41 Restitution An Exempt Bishop to make Restitution to another Bishop before the latter has made him any 20 Revelations When it 's proper to credit them 26 Ecclesiastical Revenues That Canons newly made ought to have a Dividend of the Augmentation of the Revenues of the Chapter 15 Richard King of England The Letters of Innocent III. to get the Summs demanded for that King's Ransome to be restor'd to him again 20 Rings Peculiar to Prelates 129 Roan The Church of Notre-Dame of that City The Canans of that Church oblig'd to Repair it 21. Lands granted to this Church by way of Exchange 16. The Convention of the Kings of France and England against the Sentences pass'd by an Arch-Bishop of Roan Condemn'd by the Pope 21 Robbers on the High-way Excommunicated 125 Robert the Brother of King St. Lewis The Refusal which he made of accepting the Imperial Crown and his Answer to the Pope concerning the Deposition of the Emperor Frederick II Robert Grostest Bishop of Lincoln His Quarrel with Pope Innocent IV about a Mandat which he would not admit of 62. The Reproaches which the Pope cast on this Bishop 63 Robert of Lisle Bishop of Durham His Synodal Statutes 128 Robert of Winchelsea Arch-Bishop of Canterbury His Constitutions 136 Rodolphus Count of Habspurg His Election to the Empire and Coronation 10. His Differences with Ottogar King of Bohemia ibid. The Restitutions which he made to the H. See ibid. Neglects his Authority in Italy to settle himself the firmer on Germany Ibid. His Death Ibid. Rodolphus Monk of Fonâ—froid One of the Missionaries made choice of to Preach to the Albigenses 105 Roger Bernard Count of Foix. The Restitutions which he is condemn'd to make in a Council of Negarol 135 Romania This Province restor'd to the Holy See by the Emperor Rodolphus 10 Romanus Cardinal Legate in France Canons which he Publish'd against the Hereticks 106. The Opposition the French Prelates made against the Attempts of this Legate in the Council of Bourges 152. The Conditions which he together with King S. Lewis Impos'd on Raimond Count of Toulouse by the Treaty of Accommodation Ibid. The Church of Rome Of its Primacy and in what sense it is styl'd the Universal Church 38 The Court of Rome The Constitution of King S. Lewis against the Exactions of that Court in France 121 Rostaing Arch-Bishop of Arles Constitutions which he Publish'd in a Council 135 Runcaires A Sect of Hereticks and their Errors 149 S SAcraments Of the Administration of them 131 That no Priest may Administer them without the leave of his Diocesan 34. Forbidden to demand any thing for their Administration 90 105 111 114 117 120. But allow'd to accept of what the Faithful give out of Devotion 90 The Errors of the Waldenses about the Sacraments 148 Sacrilegious Persons The Absolution of them reserv'd to the Pope 91 Church of Saintes The number of its Canons fix'd to Forty 33 Saints Whether one may Pray for them 45 Sanctuary Preserv'd to Churches 131. The Clerks who Violate the Sanctuary of Churches Excommunicated 120 Saracens Oblig'd to pay Tithes in the Parishes where they reside 35 Vagrant Scholars A Sect condemn'd in Germany 136 Scholastick Divinity Much in use in this Century 53 Schools That the Licence of Teaching in Schools ought to be given Gratis 92. Sports abolish'd in small Schools 119 H. Scripture Judgment upon the Works made on the Holy Scriptures in this Century 93 Seal That every Church ought to have its own particular Seal 112 Church of Seclin in Flanders A Contest for the Provostship of this Church 16 Sermons A Judgment on those which were Compos'd in this Century 53 Divine Service Obligation of Celebrating it Devoutly 94 98 126. Bishops oblig'd to Celebrate it on the great Festivals 94. Prohibitions against suffering Vegabond Priests to Celebrate it 113. Of its Celebration in Interdicted Places 101 134. Forbidden to Celebrate it before â—xcommunicates 131. Qualifications requir'd for to enable one to do any Office in the Church 124 Services The Institution of their Order 157 Sicily The Attempts of several Popes on that Kingdom 8. Bestow'd by the H. See on Edmond King of England's Son who could not become Master of it 9. And afterwards on Charles Count of Aujou who subdued it by his Forces 10. How Invaded by the Kings of Arragon 10. This Kingdom divided into two ibid. The Tribute Fealty and Honage exacted by the H. See for this Kingdom 28. A Canon for the Election of the Bishops of this Kingdom Ibid. Sifroy Arch-Bishop of Cologue His Statutes 131 Silence Enjoin'd the Monks 108 Silvestrines An Order of Hermits establish'd in Italy 157 Simon Cardinal of S. â—â—cila Is President of the Council of Bonrges 127 Simon Count of Montfort Elected General of the Croisade against the Albigenses 151. His Conquests gain'd over the Hereticks ibid. Which are granted to him by the Councils ibid. Is Invested in them by the King of France and assumes the Name of Count of Toulouse ibid. His Death at the Seige of the City of Toulouse 152. His Son Amaury succeeds him in his Conquests Ibid. Simon of Beaulieu Arch-Bishop of Bourges The Constitutions which he revives in a Council 133 Simony Condemn'd in the Councils 37 90 92 102 121. Simoniacal Clerks depriv'd of their Benefices 31. The Punishment order'd the Simonical notwithstanding their Appeal to the H. See 21. Allow'd to clear one's self of this Crime by Witnesses 37 Sins Of the means of attaining Pardon of Sins in order to obtain Salvation 73 Siscidoâ— Hereticks little different from the Waldenses 149 Sore The Privilege of this Abbey Coufirm'd 29 Souls Decisions concerning the State of Departed Souls 50. The Opinion of William of Paris concerning the Soul of Beasts 64 Dutchy of Spoletto Subjected to the H. See 25 Stadings Hereticks of Germany Their Errors 153. This Sect suppress'd by force of Arms ibid Stephen Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Suspended in the Fourth Council of Lateran and why 103 Stephen Templier Bishop of Paris Several Erroneous Propositions condemn'd by him 146 Surgery Ecclesiasticks forbidden to exercise it 98 Synods The Abbots and Priests oblig'd to be present at the Synods of their Bishop 40 T TAper Order'd to have a lighted Taper in each Church 127. The use of Wooden Tapers prohibited 118 Taverns The Ecclesiasticks forbidden to frequent them 98 125 129 132 134 Taxes Forbidden to lay any on Ecclesiasticks 100 106 107 Tithes Canons concerning the Payment of Tithes 36 37 39 101 107 117 127 128 131 132 135 136. That one ought to pay them only to the Bishop of the Place where one dwells and not to the Bishop of the Place which
able to travel thither by Land The Ambassadors offer'd to furnish him with Gallies from Genoa and all manner of assurance of Safety and declared That it was not the King's Design to transferr the See to Avignon but only to procure the Peace of the Church They had many Conferences with Gregory upon this Subject but they could not bring him to a Resolution of going to Savona and all that he promised them was that he would go to Petra-Santa where he would confer face to face with Benedict The Ambassadors not able to draw any other Answer from Gregory came to Genoa from whence on the 22nd of August they wrote a Letter full of Reflections and went next to Marseilles where they related to Benedict what they had done He would not consent to change the place of interview and to make it appear it was not his Fault that the Treaty went not on he repaired to Savona Sometime after the departure of the Ambassadors of France the City of Rome feared to be Gregory and Benenedict shift off the Cession surprized by the Colonni and the Followers of Ladislaus who held Correspondence with Gregory But Paul Ursini having defeated them and taken the Heads of the Conspiracy Prisoners Gregory who was retired to the Castle of St. Angelo testified his Joy for it and rewarded Paul Ursini by enlarging the term of time in his Possession of the Earldom of Narni which was given him for a certain space by Innocent VII After this Gregory left Rome to go to Viterbo giving it out that he took this Journey to conclude the Union When he was arrived at Viterbo the Cardinals pressed him to repair to Savona to procure the Union and because he seemed to be detained only upon the score of his three Nephews whom he had a Mind to preferr they consented he should give them the Lands of the Church and reserve for himself the Patriarchship of Constantinople the Archbishoprick of York in England and two other Bishopricks in the State of Venice Notwithstanding they had granted him these Advantages he still was very backward to go to Savona whither Benedict and his Cardinals were already come and tarried some time at Sienna to which place he went upon his leaving Viterbo from thence he went next to Lucca The Ambassadors of the Christian Princes and the Deputies of the People of Italy importuned Gregory and Benedict to agree at length upon a place of Interview They wrote likewise to and fro to one another and propounded divers Places and divers Expedients but agreed upon nothing having in truth no Design either of them to quit the Papacy whatever Testimony they gave that they would do it but that which utterly dashed all hopes of a Union was the Entrance of Ladislaus into the City of Rome of which he made himself Master on the 25th of April 1408. This News very much rejoiced Gregory and his Nephews and Ladislaus sent word to his Ambassadors who were with the Pope to let his Holiness know that he was unwilling the Union should go forward unless he were there in Person for the maintaining of his Rights Gregory finding himself backt by Ladislaus no longer observed any means and nominated four new Cardinals whereof two were his Nephews The Cardinals The Cardinals withdrawing from Gregory incensed at the Actions of Gregory deserted him John Cardinal of Liege a Norman was the first that left him His Goods were soon Plunder'd by the Pope's Nephews The other Cardinals followed his Example and by degrees the Pope was left alone with his four Cardinals in spite of the Prohibitions which he made the Cardinals not to leave him and the Censures he pronounced against them to which they opposed Writings whereby they render'd his Conduct odious The First Act which they made being come to Pisa was an Act of Appeal the 15th of The Cardinals Act of Appeal May from the Three Orders which Gregory had made at Lucca 1. Not to depart that City without his Leave 2. Not to meet together 3. Not to have any Communication with the Ambassadors of Peter de la Lune or the French They make appear the Injustice of these Decrees and Appeal from them to a Pope better informed to JESUS CHRIST to a General Council and to the next Pope On the day after they directed a Circular Letter to the Princes and Prelates of Christendom wherein they set forth That having observed Gregory to evade the Union that he would have made an Attempt upon their Persons that he had forbid them to have any Communication with the Ambassadors of Peter de la Lune and the King of France and in fine that he had created Cardinals they withdrew on the 11th of the Month from the City of Lucca and were come to Pisa with Design to promote the Union of the Church and exhort them to agree to their Design Gregory on his part order'd Proceedings by Cardinal Anthony his Nephew and his Chamberlain The Proceedings of Gregory against the Cardinals that withdrew whom he made a Commissioner on that behalf against the Cardinals the other Prelates and Officers of the Court of Rome who were at Pisa who published two Mandates the one on the 17th of May the other the 16th of June by which he order'd That all such as return'd not to Lucca by a time prefix'd should be deprived of all their Dignities and Benefices Which Punishment he declared they had incurred by his Sentence pronounced on the Third of July and Posted up the Day following The Cardinals and Officers of the Court of Rome appealed from these Proceedings and declared by an Act made at Leghorn the First of July That it was Necessary to withdraw from the Obedience of Gregory That all his Adherents and Favourers carried on the Schism That all the Warrants and Grants and in general whatever he had done as Pope is of no Validity That they would cause it so to be declared by the future Pope That they Prayed and Exhorted all the Prelates and other Clergymen or Tenants of the Church of Rome to Pay in no Money to him or into the Apostolick Chamber promising Recompence to such as shall or have been deprived of their Benefices or Offices for withdrawing from the Obedience of Gregory While all these Matters passed in Italy the King of France to reduce Benedict sent to him in Benedict's affronting Bulls sent to the King of France the beginning of the Year two Ambassadors John de Chateaumorant and John de Toursay to declare to him That if on Ascension-Day next the Union were not re-establish'd in the Church that neither he nor his Clergy nor any of his Subjects should obey either him or his Adversary but would stand Neuters Benedict was extreamly troubled at this Message and gave in Answer to the Ambassadors That he should let the King know his Mind by the Persons which he would send to him And indeed in a little time after he sent
Grace Salvation and Justice Of Damnation Of Free-will Of the Chief Good Of Providence Of the Miracles of JESUS CHRIST Of the State of the Dead Upon the Gospel In Principio and several other Philosophical Tracts which were preserved in MS. in the Monastery of Admónt He adds That there is at Vienna a Tract in MS. of the same Author Of the Instruction of a Christian Prince Jacobus Cajetanus Nephew of Pope Boniface the VIIIth who was made a Cardinal An. 1295. Jacobus Cajetanus wrote a Book concerning the Jubilee every 100th Year It was published by Roseus with Notes and printed in the 13th Tome of the Bibliotheca Patrum of the Colen Edition Stephanus de Salagnac a Monk of the Order of the Preaching-Friars of the Convent of Limoges Stephanuâ— de Salagnac wrote as is credible at the end of the former Age or beginning of this A Treatise in Honour of his own Order alledging Four Things wherein God had made them principally Eminent viz. 1. For a Good and Learned Head 2. For an Illustrious and Noble Family 3. For an Honourable Name And 4. For a particular Profession Andreas Novo-Castrensis or Andrew of Newcastle an Englishman and Dominican-Friar Doctor Andreas Novo-castrensis of Divinity flourished in the beginning of this Age. He hath composed a Comment upon the First Book of the Sentences printed at Paris 1514. Bale Cent. 10. p. 44. attributes to him a Commentary upon Boethius's Book De Consolatione Philosophiae or The Comfort of Philosophy Rainerius Pisanus or de Pisâ a Divine and Lawyer of the same Order Composed a Book Rainerius Pisanus which is intituled Pantheologia or a Theological Dictionary in which all Heads of Divinity are disposed and treated on in an Alphabetical Order Jacobus Florentinus a Minorite or Grey-Friar hath added several things to this Work and caused it to be printed at Noremburg in 1473. He also printed it in the same manner at Venice in 1486. at Lions in 1519. at Bresse in 1580. and since it hath been printed at Paris with the Additions of Father Nicholas a White-Friar William de Nangis or de Nangiaco a Monk of S. Denys at Paris hath Composed a Chronicle William de Nangis from the beginning of the World to the Year 1301. But because the greatest Part of that Work was Copied from other Authors Father Luke Dacherius in the 11th Tome of his Spicilegium hath printed it no further than to the Year 1113. where he begins his Continuations which he hath made out of Sigebert of Gemblours as far as the Year 1301. adding something more out of two other Authors the one as far as 1340. and the other to 1348. This Author hath also written a Chronicle of the Kings of France the Lives of S. Lewis and Philip the Hardy which are also found in the Collections of the French Historians put out by Pithaeus and Du-Chesne Thomas Wicke a Canon Regular of S. Augustine of the Abby of Osney in England who flourished Thomas Wicke in the Reign of Edward I. hath a Chronicle of the History of England from the coming of William the Conqueror in 1066. to the Death of Edward I. in 1304. This Work is found in the last Collection of the English Historians printed at Oxford in 1687. He also wrote a Tract of the Abbots of Osney from the Foundation of that Abby which was in 1129. to the Year 1290. Henry Stero a German and a â—enedictin Monk of the Abby of Altaich Composed certain Henry Stero Annals from the first Year of the Emperor Frederick Barberossa which was in the Year of Christ 1152. to the Election of the Emperor Rodolphus in the Year 1273. and the History of the Emperors Rodolphus of Habspurg Adolphus of Nassan and Albert of Austria from the Year 1273. to the Year 1305. which was carried on by two German Monks These Works are found among the German Writers put out by Friherus and the more large Annals in the First Tome of Canisius's Antiquities Eberardus a Monk of the same Monastery and Archdeacon of Ratisbone hath continued Eberardus a Monk these Annals of Stero as far as 1305. taking almost all he has writ out of the same Author This Work is in the first Tome of Canisius's Collection Joannes de Joinville Governor of Champaigne is the Author of the Life of S. Lewis whom he Joannes de Joinville accompanied in his Expedition to the Holy Land It hath been printed several times in French but the best Edition is that put out by the Learned Mr. Du-Cange printed by Cramoisy An. 1668. Joinville lived till about 1310. Siffridus a Priest of Misnia in Saxony is a different Person from him though of the same Siffridus a Priest of Misnia Name who was of the Order of the Friars-Preachers and who flourished at the end of the Fifteenth Age. This of whom we are now speaking lived in the beginning of the Fourteenth Age. He Composed a Chronicle from the beginning of the World to the Year 1307. But Georgius Fabricius who first published it at the end of his History of Saxony Printed at Leipsick 1569. and at Jena 1598. hath pared off all the Years which preceded 457. It is found in the same manner printed among the German Historians put out by Pistorius Haito or Aito a Prince of the Family of the Kings of Armenia after he had made War with the Infidels entred the Order of the Praemonstratenses about the Year 1290. and professed in a Haito a Praemonstratensis Monastery of that Order in the Isle of Cyprus as he himself tells us in his History of his Voyage into the Holy Land which he wrote in French in the Year 1307. and was translated into Latin by Nicholas Fulke and printed at Haguenau 1529. at Basil among the Historians of the New World in 1532 and 1555. and at Helmstadt 1585. in the Second Part of the Authors of the History of Jerusalem printed by Reineccius and in Italian at Venice 1553. John the Monk Sirnamed Descranches a Native of Cressy near Abbeville a Learned Canonist John the Monk a Cardinal was raised to the Dignity of a Cardinal-Priest of the Title of S. Marcellinus and S. Peter in the Year 1294. He Founded a College of his own Name at Paris in the Year 1302. He was appointed Legate by Pope Boniface in the Contest he had with Philip the Fair. He died at Avignon the 22d of August 1313. He is the Author of the Apparatus or Commentary upon the 6th Book of the Decretals printed at Paris 1535. and at Venice 1586. with the Additions of Probus William Paris of the Order of Friars-Preachers who was constituted Inquisitor in France by William of Paris a Dominican Clement V. and who drew up the Process against the Templars is the Author of the Dialogues upon the Seven Sacraments printed at Lipsick in 1512. at Lions in 1567. under the Name of William Bishop of Paris and a
Year Francis Carrara Governour of Padua caused him to be murdered in Rome in 1388. The Mirrour of the Virgin Mary printed at Augsbourgh in 1476. is attributed to him As also a Commentary upon the Four Books of the Sentences and some Meditations upon the Life of Jesus Christ which some say are printed in Germany Some say That he Composed a Commentary upon the Canonical Epistles of S. James and S. John Trithemius attributes to him no more than some Sermons for the Year and upon the Saints Days JOHN de BOURG or JOANNES de BURGO an Englishman Chancellor of the University of John de Bourg Cambridge and Rector of the Town of Collingham in Nottinghamshire Composed in 1385. a Treatise Intituled The Apple of the Eye for Priests in which he treats of the Administration of Sacraments the Ten Commandments and other Ecclesiastical Offices printed at Paris in 1510. at Strasburg in 1514. and at Roan in 1516. PHILIP RIBOTT a Spaniard of Catalonia a Carmelite of Gironne was Provincial of his Order Philip Ribot in 1368. and died in 1391. He Composed a Work Intituled A Looking-Glass for the Carmelites divided into Ten Books in which he treats of the Beginning Progress Privileges and History of his own Order which was printed at Venice in 1507. and at Antwerp in 1680. He also wrote a Treatise of the Famous Men of his Order and some Sermons JACOBUS de TERAMO in Abruzzo a Province in Italy Canon of the same Church and Arch-deacon Jacobus de Teramo of Aversa Composed about the Year 1390. a Commentary upon the Sentences and a Book upon the Redemption of Mankind Intituled The Consolation of Sinners These two Works are only in MS. in the Libraries in England Trithemius also observes That this Author also wrote upon the Clementines GUIDO d'EUREUX a Friar-Preacher Composed in 1390. some Sermons and a Rule for Merchants Guido d'Eureux which Works are found in MS. in some Libraries AUGUSTINUS d'ASCOLI an Hermit of S. Augustine flourished about the End of this Year in Aug. d'Ascoli the University of Padua and made some Sermons which are yet preserved in MS. in the Libraries of the Augustin-Monks at Bononia Padua and Cremona HENRY BOICH Dr. of Law in the Diocess of S. Paul of Leon in Britain flourished at the End Henry Boich of this Age and Composed a Commentary upon the Five Books of the Decretals upon the Sixth and upon the Clementines printed at Venice in 1576. and are in MS. in the Library at the Cathedral Church at Cambray SIMON de CREMONA an Hermit of S. Augustine flourished and preached a long time at Venice Simon de Cremona in the latter end of this Age. He Composed some Commentaries upon the Mr. of the Sentences A Treatise of the Indulgence of Assisi and several Sermons These Works are in MS. in the Libraries of the Augustin-Friars in Italy with a Postill upon the Gospels of the Year printed at Ruthlingen in 1484. He died in 1400. PETER QUESNEL a Grey-Friar of the Convent of Norwich a Divine and Canonist flourished Peter Quesnel about the end of this Age and wrote a Directory of Law in the Court of Conscience and in the Court Judicial A Treatise of the Trinity of the Catholick Faith and of the Seven Sacraments A Treatise of the Sins which hinder us from receiving the Sacraments and the Penalties to be enjoined for these Sins A Treatise to order such things as respect the Instructions of Judgments These Treatises are in MS. in some Libraries in England and the first is in the Vatican and Mr. Colbert's Cod. 228. and 2302. MARSILIUS ab INGHEN a German though Trithemius and Bale make him an Englishman Marsilius ab Inghen Dr. of Paris Canon and Treasurer of the Church of S. Andrew at Colen Founder and first Rector of the College of Heidelburg died Aug. 20. 1394. He Composed a Commentary upon the Book of the Mr. of the Sentences printed at Strasburg in 1501. HENRY KNIGHTON Canon-Regular of Leicester Composed an exact Chronicle of the History Henry Knighton of England divided into Five Books from 950. to 1395. and the History of the Deposition of Richard II. King of England which happened in 1399. These Works are in the Collection of English Historians printed at London in 1652. WILLIAM THORN a Benedictin Monk of S. Augustin of Canterbury Composed an History of William Thorn the Abbots of that Abby to 1397. copied as far as 1272. out of the History of Thomas Scott This Chronicle is also in the Collection of English Historians printed at London in 1652. p. 1757. 'T is said also that he wrote an History of the King◠of Kent the Lives of some Saints and a Chronicle of the Counties Bishopricks and Abbies of England which is not printed but is in MS. in Bennet-College Library at Cambridge Cod. 67. GERHARDUS de ZUTPHEN one of the first Canons Regular of the Order of S. Jerome or Gerhard de Zutphen Clerks of the Community instituted by Gerhard Groot died in the 31st Year of his Age Dec. 4. 1398. He has left us some Ascetick Treatises One Of the inward Reformation of the Powers of the Soul The other about our Spiritual Progress printed with the Works of Thomas à Kempis who wrote his Life and in the Biblioth Patr. Tom. 26. p. 234. as also at Paris and Colen in 1539. NICHOLAS EYMERICUS born at Gironne a City of Catalonia a Friar-Preacher flourished in the Papacies of Innocent VI. Urban V. Gregory XI and Clement VII He was first Inquisitor-General Nicholas Eymericus for Innocent VI. about 1356. and coming to Avignon in the Papacy of Gregory XI was made the Pope's Chaplain and Judge of Heresies He died at Gironne Jan. 4. 1399. His Principal Work is a Book Intituled A Directory for Inquisitors printed the first time at Barcelona in 1503. and after at Rome in 1578. with the Corrections and Scholies of Penna and after in the same City in 1587. and at Venice in 1595. with the Commentaries of the same Author This Work is divided into three Parts In the First he treats of the Articles of Faith In the Second of the Punishment of Hereticks and the Inflictions which they deserve according to the Canon-Law and Decretals What is Heresie and Errour Of the Differences of Heresies And lastly Of those which are subject to the Jurisdiction of the Inquisition and the Crimes which are out of its Knowledge The Third part is about the manner of ordering the Process at the Tribunal of the Inquisition of the Power and Privileges of the Officers of the Witnesses Criminals and the Execution of Judgment upon them He Composed several other Treatises which are in MS. in Mr. Colbert's Library N o. 2846 and 2847. The Titles of them are these A Letter to the Cardinals against the Election of Urban VI. A Letter to the King of France in favour of Clement VII Some
of the Court of Rome concerning Collation of Benefices 'T is divided into three Parts in the first he treats of the Nature of Benefices of the Order which is among Prelats of the Canonical ways of Promotion to a Benefice of the Injustice of Reservations and Promises of vacant Benefices of the Simony that is committed for the obtaining of Benefices and the Enormity of the Crime of Simony of the Penalties which Simoniacks and those who have a hand in Simony do incur In the second he shews That the Pope may commit Simony by receiving Mony for the Collation of Benefices directly or indirectly In fine he alledges in the last That the Court of Rome and its Officers commit Simony by receiving Mony for the Dispatch of Bulls of Benefices and Graces That the Cardinals partake in this Simony That the Pope cannot be excus'd when he grants Exorbitant Graces and that the Plenitude of his Power does not give him Right to grant Dispensations without Cause and without Reason This Treatise is printed in the second Tome of the Monarchy of Goldastus Page 1527. About the same time flourish'd another English-man call'd John Lattebur of the Order John Lattebur a Friar Minor of Friars Minors who wrote a Moral Commentary upon the Lamentations of Jeremy printed in 1482. and some other Treatises in Manuscript viz. Theological Distinctions a Moral Alphabet and some other Pieces which are wholly lost as Commentaries upon Jeremy upon the Psalms upon the Acts of the Apostles some Lectures upon the Scripture and some Sermons Richard Ullerston Doctor and Professor of Divinity at Oxford flourish'd also at the beginning Richard Ullerston a Doctor of Oxford of this Century and wrote in the Year 1408. a Treatise of the Reformation of the Church at the desire of Robert a Halam Cardinal Bishop of Salisbury This Treatise is to be found in Manuscript in a Library at Cambridge b viz. in the Library of Trinity College and the Title of it is The Petitions of Richard for the Defence of the Church Militant It contains sixteen Articles the first is about the Election of a. Pope the second of Simony those that follow are against the Abuses of the Revenues of the Church against Dispensations Exemptions Plurality of Benefices Appeals Privileges about the Life and Manners of the benefic'd Clergy and the Celebration of Divine Service In this Piece he speaks boldly against the Disorders of the Court of Rome There is in the same Manuscript c Reformation as the Title is publish'd by Mr. Wharton Hist. Lit. App. p. 86. Boston a Benedictine Monk a Treatise of the Duty of a Souldier written by the same Author at the desire of Richard Courtnay his Master and dedicated to Henry Prince of Wales There is also mention made of some other Treatises of the same Author which are not to be found viz. a Defence of the Donation of Constantine Commentaries upon the Psalms and the Canticles of the Ordinary Lessons and a Treatise upon the Creed Some time after Boston a Benedictine Monk of the Monastery of St. Edmund d This Boston was of the Abby of St. Edmundsbury Whart Hist. Lit. App. p. 90. Theodorick of Niem Bishop of Ferden at Usk in the Province of Wales wrote a Catalogue of the Writers which he had found in the Libraries of England which is only in Manuscript There is also another Treatise attributed to him entituled The Mirror of the Monks and the Chronicle of his Monastery which Works are lost Theodorick of Niem a German Secretary to some Popes and according to some Bishop of Ferden and afterwards of Cambray wrote the History of the Schism of the Popes from the death of Gregory XI to the Election of Alexander V. in three Books to which he added another Work entituled Nemus Unionis which contains the Original Pieces written on both sides about this Schism and a third wherein he writes the Life of Pope John XXIII and the Transactions of the Council of Constance until the Deposing of this Pope The two former were printed at Basile in 1566. at Nuremberg in 1592. and at Strasburg in 1608. and in 1629. the latter was printed at Frankfurt in 1620. He wrote also a Treatise of the Privileges of the Empire as to the Investiture of Bishopricks and Abbies printed at Basil in 1557. and at Strasburg in 1609. and 1618. The Exhortation to Robert King of the Romans which is in Goldastus is one of the Chapters of his Book about Union The Style of this Author is harsh and unpleasant but he is full of Vigour faithful and exact in his Relations Jerom of St. Faith a Spanish converted Jew and Physician to Benedict XIII is the Author of Jerom of St. Faith a converted Jew two Treatises against the Jews whereof the one is entitled The mâ—â—ns of Refuting and Convincing the Jews and the other is against the Talmud Both of them have appear'd under the Title of Hebraeo-mastix and were printed at Frankfurt in 1602. and in the last Bibliotheque of the Fathers In the former he proves That the twenty four Conditions which the Jews acknowledge should happen at the coming of the Messias according to Scripture and their own Tradition are all accomplish'd in Jesus Christ. In the second he discovers the Errors and wild Conceits of the Talmud and shews that it contains things contrary to Charity to the Law of Nature to the Service of God to the Law of Moses and Blasphemies against Jesus Christ. These two Treatises were written by Jerom of St. Faith in the Year 1412. and many Jews were converted by reading them About the same time flourish'd another Spaniard who was also a converted Jew call'd Paul Paul Bishop of Carthagena of Carthagena a Native of Burgos who was Bishop of Carthagena and after that of Burgos Chancellor of the Kingdoms of Leon and Castile and at last Patriarch of Aquileia He had three Children before his Conversion Alphonsus Gonsalvus and Alvarus Garsias The first succeeded him in the Bishoprick of Burgos the second was Bishop of Pâ—aisance and the last continu'd in a Secular Life He died in the Year 1435. Aged 82 Years and in the preceding Year he finish'd a Work entituled The Scrutiny of the Bible printed at Mantua in 1474. and at Burgos in 1591. But his principal Work is an Addition to the Postils of Nicholas of Lyra upon the whole Bible printed with that Gloss. He wrote also a Treatise about the Name of God printed with the Notes of Drusius at Franeker in 1604. There is much Jewish Learning in this Work and they are very useful for the understanding of Scripture Peter of Ancharano of Bononia in Italy descended of the Family of the Farnese a Disciple Peter of Ancharano a Lawyer of Baldus and a famous Lawyer flourish'd from the Year 1410. until about the middle of this Century He wrote Commentaries upon the Decretals and Clementines printed at Lyons in 1549. and
42d That t is a folly to give credit to the Indulgences of the Pope and the Bishops The 43d That the Oaths which are made for the confirming of Civil Contracts and Matters of Commerce are unlawful The 44th That Austin Benedict and Bernard are Damn'd if they did not repent of receiving Revenues and Instituting Religious Orders and that all from the Pope down to the meanest of the Regulars are Hereticks The 45th That it was the Devil who introduc'd all Religious Houses The Council Condemn'd together with these 45 Propositions the Books of Wicklef and forbad the Reading of 'em declar'd him a Notorious and Obstinate Heretick who died in Heresie Anathamatiz'd and Condemn'd his Memory Ordain'd that his Body and Bones should be dug up if they could be distinguish'd and thrown out of Holy-Ground On the Fourteenth of the same Month the Lords of Bohemia and Poland presented a Petition to the The Continuation of the Trocess against John Huss Emperor and Council wherein they desir'd John Huss to be set at liberty who had been Seiz'd and Imprison'd contrary to the safe Conduct of his Imperial Majesty and complain'd of a Report which was spread about that in Bohemia the Blood of Jesus Christ was carried in Vessels Unconsecrated and that Coblers heard the Confessions of the Faithful and Administred the Sacrament of the Eucharist The Bishop of Litomissel perceiving that this Accusation concern'd him desir'd that he might have leave to answer for himself The Council put off this Affair till the 17th of May on which day a Bishop answer'd in the Name of the Council that John Huss had no safe Conduct when he was first Summon'd that he had it not till after he had been Cited to Rome and Excommunicated by Alexander V. That he was a Ring-leader of Heresie and that he had Preach'd his wicked Doctrin even since his arrival at Constance and therefore it was just to seize him The Bishop of Litomissel said that it was certain the new Sectaries gave the Communion in Bohemia to the Laity in both kinds and affirm'd that 't was necessary to Communicate after this manner and that if the Clergy oppos'd it they ought to be look'd upon as Sacrilegious that he knew also that the Blood of Jesus Christ was carried to the Sick in Unconsecrated Vessels and that he had heard from Persons worthy of Credit that a certain Woman of that Sect had taken the Communion by her self and had said that the Absolution of a good Lay-man was of more value than that of a wicked Priest moreover that he had never said that the Coblers did take Confessions or Administer the Sacraments but that it was to be fear'd this might come to pass unless the Council provided a Remedy against it Two days after the Lords of Bohemia presented a Memorial to the Council in Reply to the Answer which had been made to them on behalf of the Council wherein they maintain'd that John Huss had a safe Conduct from the Emperor from the 25th of July of the preceding year that it was none of his fault that he had not appear'd at Rome which he could not do without danger of his Life and that it was not at all true that he had Preach'd at Constance for he never went for one moment out of the Hospital where he was Lodged They produc'd at the same time a Declaration which John Huss made the first of September 1411. wherein he protests that he was falsly accused of teaching that the substance of material Bread remain'd in the Eucharist that the Body of Jesus Christ is in the Host when it is elevated and is not in it afterwards that a Priest who lives in Mortal Sin does not Consecrate that the Lords may take away the Temporal Revenues of Churches and refuse to pay them Tythes that Indulgences are of no use that Clergy-men may lawfully be kill'd and some other Errors The Council not making any Answer to the Bohemians they presented to it a new Libel on the last day of May wherein they declare that John Huss had many times protested that he would not depart from the Truth nor teach any Error They maintain that the Propositions which his Enemies had drawn out of his Books were mutilated and falsified on purpose to put him to death they prayed the Council to set him at liberty that he might be heard for himself and offer'd to give Bond for him To this Libel they joyn'd the Certificate of the Bishop of Nazaret The Patriarch of Antioch answer'd in the Name of the Council that they could not set John Huss at Liberty but that on the 5th of June they would send for him to the Council and permit him to speak for himself and give him a favourable hearing The Lords of Bohemia meeting with a refusal from the Council address'd to Sigismund but they could obtain nothing more from him In the Congregation which was held June the 5th it was Resolv'd that before they sent for John Huss the Articles drawn out of his Books should be Examin'd and that they should be Condemn'd even without hearing him but the Emperor upon the Request of the Lords of Bohemia caus'd to tell the Prelates that they must hear him before they Condemn'd him Whereupon he was sent for and was order'd to own his Books and then the first of the Articles whereof he was accus'd was read unto him He had a mind to defend himself but he could not be heard that day On the 7th of June the Emperor came to the Congregation of the Prelates and John Huss being brought thither was accus'd of teaching that the Substance of material Bread remain'd in the Eucharist after Consecration which he constantly denied 'T was objected to 'em That he had followed the Errors of Wicklef to which he answered That he had taught no Error and that he knew not whether Wicklef had taught any in England but that he did not oppose the Condemnation of the Books of Wicklef by the Archbishop of Prague upon any other Account but because he had condemn'd some Articles which he thought maintainable viz. That Pope Sylvester and Constantine had done ill in granting Revenues to the Church and that as to the Article which affirms That a Priest being in mortal Sin doth not Consecrate nor Baptize he had limited it by saying That he does Consecrate and Baptize but unworthily because being in mortal Sin he is an unworthy Minister of the Sacraments of Jesus Christ. He maintain'd also That Tithes were Alms tho' Men were obliged to give them Lastly he declar'd That he had never obstinately maintained any of Wicklef's Propositions but that he did not approve of condemning them without bringing Reasons for the Condemnation taken out of the Holy Scripture Afterwards he related the difference which he had with his Archbishop and how having appealed from his Sentence to Rome and not being able to obtain Justice there he had afterwards appealed to Jesus Christ. He
Person was spar'd because he testified his Submission and gave good Reasons for his Absence Lastly We must joyn to all the rest who wandred from the right way in the Fifteenth Century The Errors of Peter Osma Peter Osma a Professor at Salamanca who publish'd a Book wherein he maintains that Confession is not the Institution of Jesus Christ but the Invention of Man that Mortal Sins are blotted out by Contrition alone and Sins of thought by a meer Remorse This Opinion was Condemn'd and the Author was Anathematiz'd if he did not retract by the Arch-bishop of Toledo Alphonsus Carrilla whose Sentence was Confirm'd by the Constitution of Sixtus IV. Published at the beginning of August in 1479. There were also some Fanaticks in this Century who publish'd Extravagant Errors among the rest a certain Carmelite Nam'd William of Hildernissen and Giles Le Chantre both Flemings The Impieties of William Hilldernissen and Giles Le Chantre Adamites who called themselves new Prophets Preached a New Law permitted all sorts of Crimes denied the Resurrection and advanc'd many other Errors which were Condemn'd by Peter Ailly and by the Inquisitor of Flanders in 1412. Another Fleming called Pikard was Head of the Sect of the Adamites in Germany who led an infamous Life and were destroyed by Zisca Of this sort were the Diggers of Bohemia so called because they dug their Assemblies in Forests and Caves where they derided the Church its Ministers and Sacraments The Diggers Harman Risvich a Hollander taught horrible Impieties that the Soul dies with the Body that there is no Hell that Matter is Eternal that God never Created the Angels that Moses and The Impieties of Harman Risvich Jesus Christ were Impostors that our Creed is a Fable and the Gospel a Foolery He was Condemn'd to perpetual Imprisonment in 1499. and having made his escape out of it and continuing still to vomit forth his Blasphemies he was burnt alive at the Hague in 1512. CHAP. IX Ecclesiastical Observations upon the Fifteenth Century THOSE who had any thing to do in Ecclesiastical Affairs did almost wholly spend the first years of this Century about the Schism of the Popes It gave occasion to handle the Questions The Principal Questions Debaâ—ed in the Fifteenth Century of the Superiority of a General Council above the Pope and of its Infallibility The Project of the Re-union of the Greeks deserv'd the serious consideration of the whole Earth but the Effects did not answer the Expectations which many had of that Undertaking The Wicklefites and Bohemians made a terrible Schism in the Latin Church which could not be wholly extinguish'd neither by violent nor by gentle means These were the great Affairs of the Church in this Century as to Doctrin for I reckon not in this rank the Errors of some private Divines which were stifled at their Birth nor the Disputes of School-Men about Questions purely Theological This Science I mean Theology purely Scholastical degenerated also in this Century and begun to be laid aside by Men of the best Judgment who apply'd themselves to a Theology more solid founded upon the Holy Scripture and Tradition and who Cultivated the Sciences and polite Learning as we have already observ'd in the beginning of the Fourth Chapter of this Work The Court of Rome continued her Endeavours to make her self Master of all Benefices by Reservations Promises of vacant Benefices Preventions Annates c. but was stoutly opposed The Pretensions of the Court of Rome Gratiae expectativae herein chiefly by France and Germany the Decrees of the Council of Constance and Bazil the Laws of our Kings and Emperors the pragmatick Sanction and the German Concordate put a stop to their Covetousness and maintain'd the Election of Elective Benefices and the Collations of Ordinaries But the Court of Rome found a way to break thro' these Bars at last to Abolish the Pragmatick to Restore the Annates to Ruin the Elections and to obtain the Sovereign disposal of all Benefices This is what she attempted about the end of this Century and which she compassed at the beginning of the next as we shall shew hereafter The Necessity of the Reformation of the Church in its Head and Members as to Discipline and Manners was acknowledged by the Councils of Constance and of Bazil They did in vain The Reformation of the Church make attempts to compass it for it was always put off and eluded The General Councils which were to meet every ten years to take pains about it was a Project that was never put in execution There were scarce any General Councils and those who did meet thought of nothing but the most gross disorders of the Inferior Clergy the Declarations and Remonstrances of private Men about the abuses of that time were fruitless and serv'd only to preserve the Memory of them to Posterity The Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction over the Temporal Affairs was by little and little restrain'd Observations upon Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction in this Century as to Lay-men but the Exemptions of the Clergy from a Laical Tribunal were maintain'd with Vigour by the Councils The Council of Basil and the Pragmatick Sanction granted the Pope the Right of receiving Appeals in all kind of Causes and the Decision of the greater Causes in the first Instance but upon Condition that he should name Judges to sit upon the several places where the Fact was committed During the Schism the Ecclesiasticks were often vexed with Tenths and other Impositions Of Tithes and Ecclesiastical Revenues which the Popes laid upon the Ecclesiastical Revenues Martin V. in Session 43 of the Council of Constance forbad other Prelats to impose any and even the Popes themselves to do it unless it was for a Cause of great Importance which was difficult and concern'd the Benefit of the Universal Church with the consent of the Cardinals and Prelats and without consulting the Bishops of that Kingdom or Province upon whom the Tax was laid who must consent to it either one third part or at least the greatest part of them and in this case he order'd that the Tax should be gather'd by Ecclesiastical Persons and by Apostolical Authority In the mean time the Popes have since frequently imposed Tenths upon Churches Eugenius IV. granted the King of Cyprus in 1431. the hundredth part of the Ecclesiastical Revenues of France Spain and England to set at Liberty the Hostages which he had left with the Sultan He granted also King Alphonsus a Sum of 200000 Florins to be levied upon the Churches of Arragon and Sicily Nichelas V. imposed Tenths in 1453. upon all the Clergy for a War against the Turk Callistus III. in 1457. laid another Tax on them upon the same Occasion Pius II. did the like in 1459. but the Germans refusing to pay it he was forced to remit it as to them In 1490. Innocent VIII would have imposed Tenths upon the Clergy of France for a War against the Turk but
and of John of Tambach Regent of the University of Prague and the Bull of a Legat publish'd at Vienna in 1448. 'T is written on Paper and has this Title in Red Letters Incipit Tractatus Joannis de Canabaco de Imitatione Christi contemptu omnium vanitatum mundi dividitur in quatuor libros The Bull dated in 1448. written with the same hand shews that it could not be written before this Year The Name of Canabaco was added some time after and above the Line but still it is done by the same hand in the same Writing and with the same Vermilion Mr. Naude and the Assembly in 1671. are in this of the same Opinion Mr. Naude judg'd that the Writing of the Manuscript was no older than 1480 or 1500. The Assembly gave no Judgment of its Antiquity This Surname of Canabacum given to John the Author of the Book of the Imitation has been differently explain'd Some say That Canabacum was the place of the Birth of this John whom they suppose to be the same with Gersen and since Canabacum is a Place unknown they have interpreted it Cavaglia which is a Borough in the Country of Verceil This was the Opinion of Quatremaires and Walgrave Father Delfau and those who have written since seem to have forsaken this Opinion and durst not maintain that Canabacum was the Country of John Gersen and that this Place was Cavaglia And so it is not known what the Surname is from whence it was taken nor what gave occasion to mention it here Some may conjecture that the Writer of this Manuscript having copied it from another wherein de Gersonio was ill written wrote Canabaco for Gersonio or rather that lighting upon a Manuscript wherein there was Cancellario abbreviated as Canâ—lrio he read it Canabaco Howsoever this be it cannot be prov'd by any Place that this Joannes de Canabaco is the same who is call'd Joannes Gersen in the other Manuscripts The seventh is the Manuscript of Cave upon which it is written Iste Liber est Congregationis Cassinensis and a little after asservatur in Monasterio Cavae The Book of the Imitation in this Manuscript is written upon Parchment in fair Characters and has no Name of the Author nor any Date of the Time being imperfect at the end But in the first Letter Q there is the Image of a Benedictine Monk having a Cross in his hand some think that this is the Pourtraiture of Gersen Afterwards 't is said That the Words of ch 56. B. 3. gave occasion to this Picture I have receiv'd from your hand a Cross and I will carry it until Death It may indeed be that this Sentence gave occasion to him who wrote this Manuscript to make this Picture at the beginning But upon what grounds can it be thence concluded That the Book of the Imitation was therefore written by a Benedictine Monk All that can be thence conjectur'd is That the Writer of this Manuscript was a Benedictine The last Piece which is produc'd is a Copy of some Works printed at Venice in 1501. among which is the Book of the Imitation of Jesus Christ under the Name of John Gerson Chancellor of the University of Paris at the end whereof are to be found these Words written upon Design Hunc librum non compilavit Johannes Gerson sed D. Johannes This Word Johannes has been mended by the Confession of Father Delfau and that which follow'd has been raz'd out in the room whereof there is still a blank space and after it there are these Words Abbas Vercellensis After which there is yet more Writing raz'd out and then at last follow these Words Ut habetur usque hodie propria manu scriptus in eadem Abbatia This Copy being one of those which were presented at Rome in 1641. to Sieur Naude he judg'd that this Manuscript Observation had been falsified and pretends That Johannes had been made of the Name Thomas after so gross a manner That the Sieur Vincent Galeotti when he came to read this Writing read Thomas for Joannes This Copy was not produc'd at the Assembly in 1671. tho' it was at Paris and Father Delfau gave no other Reason for it but that it was in the Library among the printed Books without his knowledge If this had been the only Reason which hindred the Benedictines from producing it then they would certainly have shewn it in the Assemblies in 1674. and 1687 But they had Reason to suppress it because they truly judg'd that this Manuscript Note was of no Authority First Because 't is well known that 't is much later than 1501. but 't is not known at what time it was written nor who is the Author of it Secondly Because the Name of Johannes being foisted in and that of Gersen or Gessen being not there it was unserviceable to their Cause Thirdly Because this Note however very late yet was falsified by a Forger who put into it all that he pleas'd Fourthly Because the space might be fill'd up with any other Name besides that of Johannes Gersen or even that of Thomas a Kempis that perhaps he might be call'd Abbas Windesemensis or perhaps even Abbas Vercellensis because there was one Thomas a Canon-Regular of St. Victor Abbot of St. Andrew of Verceil whom some make a Canon-Regular upon the Credit of an ancient Register of Burials of St. Victor's and others a Benedictin according to the Picture of a Monk which is said to be upon his Tomb Fifthly Because 't is not certain whether these Words Abbas Vercellensis are the Forgers or his who first wrote this Note And thus the Title of the Abbot of Verceil which is given to John Gersen being founded only upon this Note is a meer Chimaera since Gersen is not at all nam'd there and the Name of John is foisted in and therefore no regard ought to be had to a Piece of this Nature There are two Abbies at Verceil that of St. Stephen and that of St. Andrew This latter was founded at the Expence of Henry II. King of England after the Murder of Thomas of Canterbury Whereof the first Abbot in 1227. was Thomas Gallas a Canon-Regular of St. Victor or according to others an English Benedictine He was Abbot till the Year 1260. Upon which account John Gersen is made Abbot of St. Stephen of Verceil and not of St. Andrew This Monastery is more ancient and was of the Order of St. Benedict until Paul III. in the Year 1536. gave it to the Canons-Regular after which it was destroy'd in 1581. But no ancient Author speaks of this Abbot John Gersen Francis Augustin a Clergy-man hath indeed plac'd him in the Edition of his Chronicle at Piemont in 1648. among the Abbots of Verceil and ascrib'd to him the Imitation of Jesus Christ but 't is only upon hear-say from some Benedictine since the Contest of Cajetan and he durst not mention him in his History of Verceil There is also cited a Manuscript History of
make his escape is seiz'd and convey'd laden with Fetters to Thoulouse and deliver'd into the Bishop's Custody The Abbey of Baume is chang'd into a Priory by the Pope by reason of the contempt that the Monks of that Abbey had shewn of the Authority of the See of Rome nevertheless this Title is restor'd some time after A Council at Etampes held on Septuagesima-Sunday concerning the Expedition of the Holy Land and the Regency of the Kingdom of France which is given to Suger Abbot of St. Denis A Council at Auxerre held in the beginning of the Year A Council at Paris held on the Festival of Easter The Death of Waselinus Momalius Prior of St. Laurence at Liege 1148 IV. The Pope after having held several Councils in France returns to Italy X. VI. Lucas Chrysobergius according to some Writers is advanc'd this Year to the Patriarchate of Constantinople but as others will have it not till An. 1155. Eon de l'Etoile a Visionary Heretick is brought before Pope Eugenius in the Council at Rheims who condemns him to close Confinement so that he dies in Prison a little while after Gillebert de la Porrée being convicted by St. Bernard in that Council retracts his Errors The Pope performs the Ceremony of the Dedication of the Church of Toul He writes to St. Hildegarda Abbess of Mount St. Robert commending her Spirit of Prophecy St. Malachy who undertook a second Journey to Rome in order to obtain the Pall of the Pope dies by the way at Clairvaux November the 2d A Council at Rheims held in the Month of March against Gillebert de la Porrée Bishop of Poitiers A Council at Triers held in the presence of Pope Eugenius which approves the writings of St. Hildegarda  1149 V. XI The King of France returning from the Holy Land invests Henry the Son of Mathilda Countess of Anjou with the Dutchy of Nomandy VII Henry the Brother of the King of France and Monk of Clairvaux is made Bishop of Beauvais Gilbert Foliot Abbot of Leicester in England is ordain'd Bishop of Hereford  St. Bernard writes his first Book Of Consideration The Death of Amedeus Bishop of Lausanna 1150 VI. Eugenius after his return to Italy having sustain'd many shocks at last makes himself Mafter of St. Peter's Church XII Lewes the Young King of France divorces his Wife Eleonor the Daughter of William Duke of Guienne whom he had marry'd in 1137. VIII Hugh Abbot of Trois-Fontaines in Champagne is created Cardinal Bishop of Ostia Henry and Roland Monks of Clairvaux are likewise made Cardinals at the same Promotion Philip Arch-Deacon of Paris the Son of King Lewes the Gross is chosen Bishop of that City but he resigns this Bishoprick to Peter Lombard sir-nam'd Master of the Sentences Godeschalcus Abbot of St. Martin succeeds Alvisius in the Bishoprick of Arras Philip who had been depos'd from the Bishoprick of Taranto A. 1139. and who had afterward retir'd to Clairvaux there to take the habit of a Monk is made Prior of the same Monastery by St. Bernard John a Monk of the Isle of Oxia is advanc'd to the Patriarchate of tioch this Year Peter de Celles is made Abbot of Celles in the same Year  St. Bernard writes his second Book Of Consideration and sends it to Pope Eugenius Arsenius a Monk of Mount Athos makes his Collection of the Canons Otho Bishop of Frisinghen Serlo Abbot of Savigny Lucius Abbot of St. Cornelius Bartholomew de Foigny Bishop of Laon. Peter Lombard Bishop of Paris Falco Henry Arch-Deacon of Huntington Hugh Cardinal Bishop of Ostia Constantinus Manasses Constantinus Harmenopulus Robert Pullus Cardinal dies this Year The Death of William Abbot of St. Thierry in the same Year 1151 VII XIII IX The Pope confirms the Rights and Privileges of the Church of Colen Jourdain des Ursins Cardinal is sent Legate into Germany St. Bernard wrote his 190th Letter against this Prelate Geffrey Arthur Arch-Deacon of St. Asaph is ordain'd Bishop of the the same Church Bartholomew Bishop of Laon after having govern'd his Church 38 Years retires to the Abbey of Foigny and there turns Monk Gauterius Abbot of St. Martin at Laon succeeds him in that Bishoprick but he leaves it three Years after and becomes a Monk at Premontré Turoldus is chosen Abbot of Trois-Fontaines in the room of Hugh made Cardinal in the preceding Year The Death of Hugh who of Abbot of Pontigny had been ordain'd Bishop of Auxerre Whereupon many Contests arise about the Succession to that Bishoprick A Council at Beaugency held on the Festival of Easter which approves the Divorce between the King of France and his Wife Eleonor by reason of their being too near of kin Gratian compleats his Collection of Canons John Patriarch of Antioch Germanus Patriarch of Constantinople Andronicus Camaterius George Arch-bishop of Corfu Lucas Câ—rysobergius Patriarch of Constantinople Robert Arch-Deacon of Ostrevant Theobaldus a Monk of St. Peter at Beze Gauterius Canon of Terouane Herbert a Monk Haimo Arch-Deacon of Châlons Herman a converted Jew of Colen Nicetas Constantinopolitanus Teulfus a Monk of Morigny 1132 VIII The Death of Conrad FREDERICK I. succeeds him I. Stephen K. of England being deceas'd the Kingdom returns to Henry II. Duke of Normandy X. Odo Abbot of St. Cornelius at Compeigne is chosen Abbot of St. Denis in the place of Suger The Pope orders the Bishop of Saintes to permit a new Church to be built at Rochel He confâ—… the Primacy of â—â—â—â—do and enjoyns the Bishops of Spain to acknowledge it He likewise ratifies the Constitutions and Privileges of the Cistercian Order  The Death of Suger Abbot of St. Denis January 15. St. Bernard finishes his other Books Of Consideration John Monk of Marmoutier Alexander Abbot in Sicily Radulphus Niger Monk of St. Germer St. Elizabeth Abbess of Schonaw St. Aâ—â—â—ed Abbot of Reverby 1153 IX Eugenius dies July 8th at Tivoli ANASTASIUS IV. is chosen in his place two days after I. II. XI Pope Eugenius grants by a Bull to the Canons of St Peter at Rome the fourth part of all the Offerings that were made in that Church Alanus a Native of Burg de Reninghen near Ypres in Flanders and Abbot of Larivoir is ordain'd Bishop of Auxerre Henry Archbishop of York being dead this Year William his Competitor who had been Chosen and Consecrated Archbishop of that Church in 1140. but before whom Henry was preferr'd by Pope Innocent takes a Journey to Rome where he obtains of Pope Anastasius the confirmation of his Archiepiscopal Dignity and the Pall. However he does not long enjoy this Archbishoprick dying in the next Year The Cardinals Bernard and Gregory the Pope's Legates in Germany depose Hâ—â—â—y Archbishop of Mentz Robert Abbot of Dunes succeeds St. Bernard in the Abbey of Clairvaux  The Death of St. Bernard August 〈◊〉 1154 II. Anastasius dies Decemb. 4th having for his Successor ADRIAN IV. Reign of Henry II. his Successor according to the truest Opinion III. The
Death of Stephen K of England and the beginning of the XII Gauterius of Mauritania is ordain'd Bishop of Laon in the place of another Gauterius the Successor of Bartholomew of Foigny Pope Anastasius confirms the Statutes of the Regular Canons of St. John at Lateran takes into the Protection of the See of Rome the Order of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem and ratifies their Privileges  The Death of Gillebert de la Pâ—… Bishop of Poitiers 1155 I. Arnold of Brescia excites Commotions in Rome against Pope Adrian who suspends the City from Divine Service till the Romans should expel that Heretick and his Followers These last are forc'd to escape by flight to Otricoli in Tosâ—any where they are well receiv'd by the People But some time after Arnold of Brescia is taken Prisoner and deliver'd up to the Prefect of Rome who causes him to be burnt and his Ashes to be cast into the River Tiber lest the People shou'd shew any honour to his Relicks The Pope pronounces Anathema against William King of Sicily who had refus'd to receive his Letters because he did not give him the Title of King and had taken possession of some Territories belonging to the Patrimony of the Church of Rome IV. Frederick is crown'd Emperor at Rome by the Pope XIII The Contest that arose An. 1132. between the Abbey of Cluny and that of Cisteaux as to the Affair of Tithes is at last terminated by an Accommodation  Basil of Acris Archbishop of Thessalonica returns an Answer to the Letter which was writ to him by Pope Adrian to induce him to be reconcil'd to the Latin Church 1156 II. The Pope concludes a Treaty of Peace with William King of Sicily and grants him the Title of King of both Sicilies V. The Emperor being offended at the Letter which the Pope had writ to him drives the two Legates who brought it out of his Dominions forbids all his Subjects to take any Journeys to Rome and sets Guards upon the Frontiers to hinder the passage of those that shou'd attempt to enter XIV A Difference arising between Adrian IV. and Frederick concerning the Terms of a Letter writ by this Pope to the Emperor which imported that Adrian had conferr'd upon that Prince the notable Favour of the Imperial Crown The Pope is oblig'd to give another Explication of the Terms of his Letter to afford satisfaction to the Emperor but takes an occasion to complain that Frederick had prefix'd his own Name before that of the Pope in one of his Letters that he exacted Fealty and Homage of the Bishops that he refus'd to receive his Legates and that he prohibited his Subjects to go to Rome Otho Bishop of Frisinghen quits his Bishoprick and retires to the Abbey of Morimond where he liv'd a Monk before his advancement to the Episcopal Dignity and dies there in the Month of September in the same Year Philip formerly Bishop of Taranto and afterwards Prior of Clairvaux is constituted Abot of Aumône of the Cistercian Order  Hugh of Poitiers a Monk of Vezelay begins to write his History of that Monastery The Death of Peter the Venerable Abbot of Cluny on Christmass-day 1157 III. VI. XV.   The Death of Luke Abbot of St. Cornelius 1158 IV. VII XVI Thomas Becket is made Lord Chancellor of England by King Henry II. The Reformation of the Regular Canons of St. Victor at Paris is establish'd in the Monastery of St. Everte at Orleans by Roger its first Abbot   1159 V The Death of Adrian The greatest part of the Cardinals chuse ALEXANDER III. Octavian is Elected Anti-pope by others and maintain'd by the Emperor He takes the Name of Victor III. VIII The Emperor being present at the Siege of Cremona the two Competitors for the Papal Dignity present themselves before him to be supported He appoints 'em to come to Pavia there to be judg'd by a Council XVII    1160 I. Alexander who refus'd to appear in the Council of Pavia having been inform'd of what was there transacted against him excommunates the Empereror Frederick IX XVIII Thirty Persons the Followers of Arnold of Brescia call'd Publicans having taken a resolution to pass into England to divulge their Doctrine are there seiz'd on publickly whipt stigmatiz'd with a hot Iron on their Fore-heads harrass'd and at last starv'd to death with hunger and cold Arnold Bishop of Lisieux is sent Legate into England A Council at Pavia held in the Month of February which declares the Election of Alexander to be void and Excommucates him with his Adherents but confirms that of Victor A Council at Oxford in which the Publicans or Vaudois are convicted and condemn'd Hugh a Monk of Cluny Hugh Arch-bishop of Roan Michael of Thessalonica condemn'd for the Heresy of the Bogomiles retracts his Errors and makes a Confession of his Faith Philip Bishop of Taranto Odo de Deuil Gilbert Abbot of Hoiland 1161 II. X. Lewes the Young King of France marries Adella or Alix Daughter of Theobald Count of Champagne who died in 1152. XIX Alanus abdicates his Bishoprick at Auxerre and retires to Clairvaux The Kings of Denmark Norway Hungary and Bohemia as also six Archbishops twenty Bishops and many Abbots write as 't is reported Letters by way of excuse to the Assembly at Lodi by which they own Victor as lawful Pope The Death of Theobald Archbishop of Canterbury He has for his Successor in that Archbishoprick Thomas Becket Chancellor of England who is Consecrated on Whit-Sunday Dr. Gilbert Foliot is translated from the Bishoprick of Hereford to that of London An Assembly at New-Market in the Month of July in which the Election of Alexander III. is declar'd Legitimate and that of Victor Illegal An Assembly at Beauvais at the same time which passes alike Judgment with that of New-Market in favour of Pope Alexander An Assembly of the Prelates of England and France in which both Kings assisted where were present the Legates of Alex-and Victor and Deputies from the Emperor Frederick Alexander is there own'd as lawful Pope and Victor Excommunicated with his Adherents An Assembly at Lodi held June 20. in the presence of the Emperor Frederick which confirms what was transacted in that of Pavia the preceding Year in favour of Victor Peter de Roy a Monk of Clairvaux Enervinus Provost of Stemfeld Ecbert Abbot of St. Florin Bonacursius Ebrard de Bethune Michael of Thessalonica Odo a Regular Canon 1162 III. The Pope who had fled for Refuge to the Territories of William K. of Sioily waiting for a favourable opportunity to pass into France arrives there at last on the Festival of Easter and is receiv'd by the Kings of France and England who go before him upon the River Loire as far as Torey land to meet him and conduct him on the Road each holding one of the Reins of his Horse's Bridle XI An interview between the King of France and the Emperor at Avignon where the Anti-pope